四级范文

第一篇：四级范文

会展经营策划师（四级）理论知识模拟试题

班级___________

学号___________

姓名___________

成绩____________

一、判断题（正确的请打√，错误的请打×，每题0.5分，共30分）

1、会展市场信息的功能就是为企业的营销活动服务。（）

2、会展市场信息是企业实行营销的重要条件。（）

3、凡是有市场营销活动的地方就会产生会展市场信息。（）

4、会展市场信息收集的主要渠道是图书馆。（）

5、会展市场信息收集的要求就是快、及时、迅速。（）

6、会展市场信息收集的重要步骤是拟订计划。（）

7、总结报告和评估报告是会展时常信息资料的主要形式。（）

8、分类、比较是会展市场信息加工的重要内容。（）

9、准确、及时、适用、系统、经济是会展市场信息加工的基本要求。（）

10、信函和电话是会展市场信息传递的唯一工具。（）

11、会展市场信息传递的基本要求是质量好、速度快和费用身省。（）

12、会展市场信息资料登录是会展市场信息管理的重要工作内容。（）

13、按姓氏笔画存放是信息资料存放的常用方法。（）

14、会展市场信息系统目前大体有人工系统和电子计算机系统。（）

15、建立一个新的会展市场信息系统一般有系统分析、系统设计和系统实施三个阶段。（）

16、会展市场调查需要巨大的人力、财力和时间。（）

17、按照调查的组织形式不同将市场调查划分为经常性调查和一次性调查。（）

18、按照地域的不同将市场调查划分为全面调查和非全面调查。（）

19、确定调查课题和方向是会展市场调查的重要方法。（）20、确定调查总体和选择抽样框是抽样调查的重要步骤。（）

21、市场调查的分析方法主要有回归分析法和判别分析法。（）

22、市场调查报告是市场调查的结晶，是提供给使用者参考以做出决策的基础。（）

23、考虑课题的主要目的是撰写市场调查报告的唯一因素。（）

24、一般国际标准展位为3m×3m，不提供任何配置。

（）

25、室内或室外空地一般为36平方米起租，提供围板、桌椅等基本配置。（）

26、一般参展商须雇用多个合作商，分别承担设计、建造、安装和拆除展位。（）

27、在展会开幕时运输商需将展品运送到参展商或总服务承包商的仓库内。（）

28、展会平面图的编制有手工绘图和电脑绘图两种。（）

29、展示设计要适应展示内容、观众和市场的需求。（）

30、酒店宴会以住宿、餐饮和娱乐销售为主，其层次高低由客人的支付能力决定。（）

31、餐饮活动中选择的宴会服务种类会影响定价、人员安排和餐饮活动的全局效果。（）

32、“以我为主、尊重他人”是会务工作礼仪的一个基本原则。（）

33、掌握会议基本情况和熟悉场地布置、设施设备和格调是会前准备礼仪的重要方面。（）

34、整理材料、检查会场和房间是会中礼仪的重要内容。（）

35、展览礼仪最早形成于20世纪40年代、90年代后在我国逐步发展起来。（）

36、开幕前的记者招待会以介绍展出结果和展出者收获为重点。（）

37、通常招展第一步是向客户寄送展会招展书和相应宣传资料。（）

38、组团管理从广义上讲可分为筹备管理阶段和实施管理阶段。（）

39、一般来说，只有较大客户或重要客户才采用上门销售的方法。（）

40、招展书是会展营销的核心资料之一，也是展商了解展会情况的主要信息来源。（）

41、展会通讯是参展商向客户介绍产品和服务的一种宣传资料。（）

第二篇：四级作文

预测主题之第十位：友谊

Friendship is a kind of human relations.It is a human instinct to make friends.When in trouble, we need friends to offer us help, support and encouragement.With success achieved, we also need friends to share our joys.Friendship is also one of the greatest pleasures that we can enjoy.It implies loyalty, cordiality, sympathy, affection,and readiness to help.No man can make the most of his life without carefully and

conscientiously striving to win the right kind of friends as he goes along.Knowing how valuable friendship is, we should be very careful in making friends.Real friends are those who have good character, superior ability and kindness of heart.Real friends can share all our sorrows and double all our joys.While making friends, we should take care to select those who have such fine qualities.Then we should treat our friends with courtesy, be careful not to interfere unreasonably with them,and not to ridicule their proceedings.We should forgive their failures and do our best to help them.In short, when we have established friendship, we ought to cherish and treasure it by means of words and deeds.Only thus, can we develop real friendship and keep the sacred lamp of friendship burning all our life.预测主题之第九位：压力

As the pace of life continues to increase, we are fast losing the art of relaxation.Once you are in the habit of rushing through life, being on the go from morning till night,it is hard to slow down.But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body.Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to avoid it.In fact, it is not the bad thing as it is often supposed to be.A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and give purpose to life.It is only when the stress gets out of control can it lead to poor performance and ill health.The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual.Some people are not afraid of stress, and such characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities.Others lose heart at the first signs of unusual difficulties.When exposed to stress, in whatever form, we react both chemically and physically.In fact, we make a choice between “flight or fight”and in more primitive days the choices made the difference between life or death.The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme, but however little the stress, it involves the same response.It is when such a reaction lasts long, through continued exposure to stress, that health becomes endangered.Such serious

conditions as high blood pressure and heart diseases have established links with stress.Since we cannot remove stress from our lives(it would be unwise to do so even if we could), we need to find ways to deal with it.预测主题之第八位：节约

As is vividly revealed in the drawing above, water is being wisely utilized in the daily life of a family.The good conduct is indeed praiseworthy and should be popularized in our society.The implied meaning of the drawing can be stated as follows.To begin with, to practise economy is closely related to our daily life.In terms of our clothing, food, sheltering, and transport, much work can be done to save valuable energy and natural resources such as power, water, coal, gas and so on.We, as university students, should take the wise use of paper and second-hand textbooks into consideration.What’s more, the public participation is the foundation of a society in which to practise economy is advocated and treasured.Since social environment is shaped by the general public, the cultivation of economy-practising society depends on the active involvement of every member of our society, be he old or young.In sum, our daily life should be permeated with the sense of practising economy and public participation should be encouraged.In my view, necessary measures should be taken so as to practise economy.On the one hand, we should launch a public campaign to help people build up the sense of practicing economy in our routine life.On the other hand, education on how to practise economy must be promoted by relevant government departments and professionals at different levels.Only in this way can we create a real economy-practising society.预测主题之第七位：健康

Nowadays more and more people are concerned about their health.But how to keep healthy? Different people may give different answers to this question.In my opinion, it is essential to do the following.First, it is absolutely necessary to take some exercise every day.Research shows that getting plenty of exercise make the heart beat faster and the lungs work harder.This strengthens the heart, reduces the chance of heart attack, and helps lower blood pressure.That“s why more and more people are becoming active in various kinds of sports and exercises.Every morning many people get up early and take much exercise.Some practice shadowboxing and swordplay while others run, jog, walk or dance to music.In the afternoon,there are also many people keen on sports.Some play basketball or volleyball or table tennis, others go in for gymnastics or track events.Through sports and exercise, people become healthier and stronger.Medical researchers have proved that what people eat affects their health.They advise people to eat more fruit and vegetables and less meat such as beef and pork because meat contains more fat than poultry and fish.Fat can build up in the arteries, block the flow of blood, and cause a heart attack or stroke.预测主题之第六位：竞争

Competition is a common phenomenon in our social life.We compete when

we play games and when we try to do better than others in our study.There is constant competition for academic degrees, jobs, customers, money and so forth.In a sense, competition is one of the motive force to the development of society.In fact, the only way our world reward people is to give laurels to the winners, not to the losers.What is more, by attempting to compete at different activities, we learn to win and lose, gain experience and know our strengths and weaknesses.Competition prepares us for the tough things in life.To go ahead, to acquire possession, we should be competitive.To us, industriousness and ambition are positive values.Whether in games, in study or in business alike, the aim is to win the game, the degree, the trophy(战利品), and the contract.Learning to be competitive is clearly the best preparation for life.预测主题之第五位：纪律

Some people say that the best way to raise children is to them to be independent thinkers.Other people disagree and say that children need to be taught discipline in order to let them successful.In other word, children should either be granted freedom, or be given more discipline.I tend to agree with a policy of firm discipline.The people whose view places emphasis on encouraging children to think freely hope the child will be able to understand and govern the world.The child is considered as an “equal” to the adult.This view has been popular in the western countries, where corporal punishment of children is now illegal.The concept of “rights” for children is part of a wider political movement that also asserts right for women, animals and environment.Discipline is justified because adults are generally wiser than children.Discipline in childhood fosters(养育)the child for the hardship of his future life.预测主题之第四位：自信

Confidence is power--the power to attract, persuade, influence, and succeed.Imagine what your life would be like if you had an abundance of selfconfidence!Confidence isn”t an inherited trait, it“ s a learned one.This means that you can have an abundance of self-confidence.The very first thing you have to do to create abundant self-confidence is to start thinking with confidence.Pay attention to your internal dialogue, and learn to notice when you allow negativity or doubt to control the course of your thinking.Your environment has a tremendous influence on you.The books you read, the people you spend time with, and the music you listen to all influence the way you think and feel about yourself and the world around you.If you”re in a situation where you"re discouraged, such as an

unhealthy relationship or a miserable job, you have to change that situation if you want your self-confidence level to grow.Create an environment that supports you if your desire to have abundant self-confidence.Spend time with confident people.预测主题之第三位：心理

As is apparently betrayed in the bar chart above, at present

university students suffer from psychological problems of various kinds, among which spiritual depression, miscellaneous problems, and

suicide-committing top the list.What the chart reveals is indeed thought-provoking.The implied meaning of the chart above can be briefly stated as follows.On the one hand, university students are encountering more psychological problems than ever before.The fact can be attributed to many factors.Most university students are overloaded with study and haunted by employment pressure.As young and inexperienced people, they are also facing emotional dilemma and trial of human interrelationship.Besides, some students are in a financial predicament.On the other hand, necessary psychological work for university student is a must for the time being.It is quite shocking that at least forty percent of university students suffer from spiritual depression.The very fact should not be neglected.Effective countermeasures must be taken to reverse the current grim situation.In sum, the psychological problems should be put on our agenda.In my view, great efforts must be made so as to ensure the healthy growth of university students.To begin with, we must have a good understanding the necessity of psychological instruction and guidance among university students.What’s more, government departments at

different levels and related organizations should make joint efforts to

The World Expo in 2010(2010年世博会)

The World Expo in 2010

Shanghai will host the 2010 World Expo.The World Expo has a long history but it has never been held in Asia.So the 2010 World Expo is an honor for all of the Asians.()ur government

has promised that it will be the best one.And Shanghai, as a host city, will have more chances to develop quickly.As a student in Shanghai, I should learn English well so that I can be a volunteer in the Expo to help foreigners know more about Shanghai.Great changes have taken place in Shanghai and more and more people throughout the world are focusing their attention on Shanghai now.As a citizen of Shanghai, I feel I must spare no efforts to do my bit.First, I decide to help plant more trees to make our city more beautiful.Second, I should obey seven nos and be good at learning from others.Third, I should study hard so that I can do something better for my city in the future.

第三篇：四级应用文

1.邀请信：

班里举办元旦英语晚会，给你的英语教师Ms Huang 写一封邀请信，邀请她参加。活动地点：Student Center Room 201A时间：12月26日晚 7点---9点

写信人姓名一律用 X 代替

2.感谢信：

假设你在五一期间受同学邀请来西安游玩，你的同学小明带你游览了西安各处名胜古迹，你过得非常愉快。现给小明写一封感谢信，感谢他对你的招待，并邀请他有空来你的家乡。

写信人姓名一律用 X 代替

3.建议信：

以小明的名义给学校的体育部写一封建议信，建议1.体育设施对学生定期免费开放

2.体育选修课应增设向羽毛球、乒乓球等在学生中有广泛爱好者的课程

4.道歉信

你的朋友小明邀请你参加他在周六晚上7点在他家里的20岁生日聚会。但你因为做家教，要去给一个初中生辅导数学不能去，写一封道歉信表示遗憾，并祝小明生日愉快，并告知他你给他的生日礼物由你们的朋友小惠带去。

写信人姓名一律用 X 代替

5.通告

写一封欢迎同学加入你所在的演讲俱乐部的通告。

1.本社团的主要活动内容

2.参加本社团的好处

3.如何加入本社团

Welcometoourclub

6.通知

你在这个周二下午4点左右在二号教学楼209教室捡到了一个电子词典。写一个失物招领通知，需要：

1.你捡到电子词典的时间和地点

2.电子词典的特点

3.你的联系方法

写信人姓名一律用 X 代替，手机号为：***

第四篇：四级作文

Create a Conservation-Oriented Campus

1.建设节约型校园十分重要

2.原因是„„

3.为了建设节约型校园我们应该„„

【精彩范文】

Creating a Conservation-Oriented Campus

In this age of rapid depletion of natural resources, it is of paramount importance to create a conservation-oriented campus.The creation of such an ecologically-friendly campus would significantly contribute to China’s overall efforts to become a leading low-carbon nation in the world.The most compelling reason for such an endeavor is to change a deep-entrenched misconception prevalent among college students.Most universities provide water and electricity for free, misleading students into believing that such resources are limitless and inexhaustible.We should realize that, currently, many parts of our country are suffering from unprecedente drought and power scarcity.We should show due concern for the welfare of people in those places by refusing to be selfish in satisfying our own needs.As responsible citizens of our society, we have the responsibility to recycle whatever we can lay hands or.The small efforts by a single individual may make a huge difference.To be a well-educated college student is to be conservation conscious.College graduates are the future of our country and by enhancing their conservation awareness they would definitely play a leading role in protecting our environment in the future and in making our world a better place to live.【参考译文】

创立环保型的校园

在自然资源急剧消耗的这个时代，创立环保型的校园具有至高无上的意义。创造这样一个生态友好型的校园，将极大地促进中国整体上的能力，成为世界上处于领先地位的低碳大国。

作出如此一番努力，最迫切的一个原因，就是为了改变大学生中间甚为流行的一个根深蒂固的错误观念。大多数学校免费提供水和电，使学生们误以为这类资源取之不尽，用之不竭。我们应该意识到，就在眼下，我国的许多地区正遭受着史无前例的干旱与电荒。我们绝不应该自私地只追求满足我们自己的需求，而应该为那些地区的民众的福祉着想。作为我们社会中有责任心的公民，但凡我们身边的一切，我们皆应不吝举手之劳，悉数予以循环利用。个体的一份小小的努力，却能为世界带来巨大的改变。

要成为富有修养的大学生，就是要有保护自然的意识。大学毕业生是我们国家的未来;通过强化其保护自然的意识，他们注定会在未来的环保事业中发挥主导的作用，使我们这个世界成为更宜居之地。

【结构分析】

本文采用三个段落的写作手法，每个段落都起着不同的作用，但相互呼应，形成一个整体。

文章第一段，开门见山地重申题目中的命题，然后阐述该命题的意义。

文章第二段，阐述了创立环保型校园的原因。首先分析了过去的一个错误的想法，陈述了某些不环保的行为，让人们认识到不环保的坏处。这在写文章中可被看做一个“破”的过程。第二段的后半部分就是由“破”而“立”的部分。首先从“意识”(realize)着手, 然后进入到行动：“We should show due concern for„” 和“we have the responsibility to „”。在这两项行动之后，用“The small efforts by a single individual may make a huge difference.”进行了简短但寓意深刻的概括。这就是“收”。

第三段是结尾，提出了在新时代做一个合格大学生的标准，即必须具有环保意识。文章展望未来，阐述了作为社会精英的大学生，通过在大学期间致力于环保事业，从而在未来担当起引领我国环保事业的责任与义务。

【写作技巧分析】

每篇文章中总有一个核心的概念，像本文中“环保”这个概念就是。作为核心概念，它肯定要被多次提及。如果通篇只用一个概念，就不免会让人读上去觉得单调乏味。反之，如果能对这个核心概念进行表达方式上的多重变化，就能一方面给人以新鲜感，另一方面也让阅卷老师对你丰富的词汇量留下深刻的印象，因为丰富的词汇量必定隐含着平时庞大的阅读量。国外的好文章无不如此。

本文中从标题开始，就出现了“conservation”与“conservation-oriented”这样一些相关的词语，文章中同类词语有：“natural resources”，“ecologically-friendly”，“low-carbon”，“recycle”，“conservation conscious”，“conservation awareness”，“environment”。这些词汇在文章的不同地方出现，使整篇文章得以围绕着一个统一的主题来展开，从而避免了跑题的可能性。

当然，与环保相关的词汇还有很多，如“energy-efficient”, “environmentally friendly”, “green”，“preservation”, “harmonious coexistence of nature and man”„ 所有这些，都需要学生在平时积累，写作时就能灵活自如地用上了。

【值得熟记的句式与短语】

1.rapid depletion of natural resources：自然资源急剧消耗

2.it is of paramount importance to do something:做某事具有至高无上的意义

3.conservation-oriented：生态友好的

4.ecologically-friendly：生态友好型的

5.China’s overall efforts to become a leading low-carbon nation中国成为世界领先的低碳大国的总体努力

6.the most compelling reason for such an endeavor is to „ 此番努力最迫切的一个原因是„„

7.a deep-entrenched misconception prevalent among college students:大学生中间甚为流行的一个根深蒂固的错误观念

8.mislead sb.into believing that„误导某人相信„„

9.inexhaustible:取之不尽的

10.suffer from unprecedente droughts:遭受史无前例的干旱

11.power scarcity:电荒

12.to show due concern for„给予应有的关注

13.the welfare of people: 人民的福祉

14.to be selfish in satisfying our own needs: 自私地只满足我们自己的需求

15.as responsible citizens of our society: 作为我们社会中有责任心的公民

16.to have the responsibility to „有责任做„„

17.to recycle whatever we can lay hands or: 回收利用一切我们可以利用的东西

18.the small efforts by a single individual may make a huge difference： 个体的一份小小的努力，却能为世界带来巨大的改变

19.to be conservation conscious： 有保护自然的意识

20.to enhance conservation awareness： 强化保护自然的意识

21.to play a leading role in doing sth.： 在做„„中发挥主导的作用

22.to make our world a better place to live 使我们这个世界成为更宜居之地

第五篇：四级总结

abundant a.丰富的，充裕的，大量的 adopt v.收养;采用;采纳

adapt vi.适应，适合;改编，改写 vt.使适应

bachelor n.学士，学士学位;单身汉

casual a.偶然的，碰巧的;临时的;非正式的 trap n.陷阱，圈套 v.设陷阱捕捉

vacant a.空的，未占用的 vacuum n.真空，真空吸尘器

oral a.口头的，口述的，口的 optics n.(单、复数同形)光学

organ n.器官，风琴

excess n.过分，过量，过剩

expel v.驱逐，开除，赶出

expend v.消费

expenditure n.支出，消费;经费

expense n.开销，费用

expensive a.花钱多的;价格高贵的 expand v.扩大，扩张;展开，膨胀

expansion n.扩大，扩充;发展，膨胀

private a.私人的，个人的

individual a.个别的，单独的 n.个人，个体

personal a.个人的，私人的;亲自的 personnel n.[总称]人员，员工;人事部门

the Pacific Ocean 太平洋

the Atlantic Ocean 大西洋

the Arctic Ocean 北冰洋

the Antarctic Ocean 南冰洋

grant vt.授予，同意，准予

grand a.宏伟大，壮丽的，重大的 invade v.侵入，侵略，侵袭

acid n.酸，酸性物质 a.酸的;尖刻的 acknowledge v.承认;致谢

balcony n.阳台

calculate vt.计算，核算

calendar n.日历，月历

optimistic a.乐观

optional a.可以任选的，非强制的 outstanding a.杰出的，突出的，显著的 export n.出口(物)v.出口，输出

import n.进口(物)v.进口，输入

impose vt.把...加强(on);采用，利用

religion n.宗教，宗教信仰

religious a.宗教的 victim n.牺牲品，受害者

video n.电视，视频 a.电视的，录像的 videotape n.录像磁带 v.把...录在录像带上 offend v.冒犯，触犯

bother v.打搅，麻烦

interfere v.干涉，干扰，妨碍

internal a.内部的，国内的 beforehand ad.预先，事先

racial a.人种的种族的 radiation n.放射物，辐射

radical a.根本的;激进的

range n.幅度，范围 v.(在某范围内)变动

wonder n.惊奇，奇迹 v.想知道，对...感到疑惑

isolate vt.使隔离，使孤立

issue n.问题，争论点;发行，(报刊)一期

hollow a.空的，中空的，空虚道

hook n.钩 vt.钩住

adequate a.适当地;足够

adhere vi.粘附，附着;遵守，坚持

ban vt.取缔，禁止

capture vt.俘虏，捕获

valid a.有效的，有根据的;正当的 valley n.山谷，峡谷

consistent a.坚固定;一致的，始终如一的 continuous a.继续的，连续(不断)的 continual a.不断地，频繁的 explode v.爆炸;爆发;激增

exploit v.剥削;利用，开采

explore v.勘探

explosion n.爆炸;爆发;激增

explosive a.爆炸的;极易引起争论的 remote a.遥远的，偏僻的 removal n.除去，消除

render vt.使得，致使

render sth(for sth);rendersth(to sb)give sth in return,or exchange,or as sth which is due 给予某物作为报偿或用以交换;回报;归还

render homage,obedience,allegiance,etc.表示敬意、顺从、效忠等：

a reward for services rendered 服务的酬金

render good for evil 以德报怨

render insult for insult 以侮辱对侮辱

render sb a service/render a service to sb 为某人服务

render help to disaster victims 向灾民提供援助

render thanks to God 感谢上帝

present or send in(an account)for payment 递交或开出(帐单)：

account rendered $ 开出美元的帐单

cause(sb/sth)to be in a certain condition 使(某人[某事物])处于某种状况：

rendered helpless by an accident 因出事故而束手无策

Your action had rendered our contract invalid.你们的这种做法导致双方的合同失败。

[esp passive 尤用于被动语态] give a performance of(music,a play,a character.etc);give a portrayal of(sb/sth)in painting,etc.演奏(音乐);演出(戏剧);扮演(角色);以绘画等表现(某人[某物])：

The piano solo was well rendered.那支钢琴独奏曲弹得真好。

'Othello' was rendered rather poorly.《奥赛罗》这出戏演得不好。

The artist had rendered her gentle smile perfectly.该艺术家把她那温柔的笑容表现得惟妙惟肖。

render sth(into sth)express sth in another language;translate sth.翻译某事物：

How would you render 'bon voyage'(into English)? 'bon voyage'怎么翻译(成英语)?

Rendering poetry into other language is difficult.翻译诗歌是很困难的。

cover(stone or brick)with a first layer of plaster 在(石或砖)上抹灰泥打底：

render walls 在墙上抹底灰

render an zccount of oneself,one's behaviour,etc explain or justify what one has said,done,etc.为自己的言行等作解释或辩护.render sth down： make(eg fat,lard)liquid by heating it;melt sth down 将(脂肪、猪油等)熬成油;熔化某物。render sth up：hand over or surrender sth;yield sth.移交或交出某物;放弃某事物：

render up a fort,town,etc to the enemy 放弃要塞、城市等被敌人占领

(fig比喻)He rendered up his soul to God,ie died.他魂归天国了

precaution n.预防，防备，警惕

idle a.懒散的，无所事事的 identify vt.认出，鉴定

identify n.身份;个性，特性

poverty n.贫穷

resistant a.(to)抵抗的，抗...的，耐...的 resolve vt.解决;决定，决意

barrel n.桶

bargain n.便宜货 vi.讨价还价

coarse a.粗的，粗糙的，粗劣的 coach n.教练;长途公共汽车

code n.准则，法规，密码

coil n.线圈 v.卷，盘绕

adult n.成年人

advertise v.为...做广告

advertisement n.广告

agency n.代理商，经销商

focus v.(使)聚集 n.焦点，中心，聚焦

forbid vt.不许，禁止

debate n./v.辩论，争论

debt n.欠债

decade n.十年

enclose vt.围住;把...装入信封

encounter vt./n.遭遇，遭到

globe n.地球，世界;地球仪

global a.全球的;总的 scan vt.细看;扫描;浏览

scandal n.丑事，丑闻 significance n.意义;重要性

subsequent a.随后的，后来的 virtue n.美德，优点

virtual a.实际上的，事实上的

orient vt.使适应，(to,toward)使朝向 n.东方

portion n.一部分

target n.目标，靶子 vt.瞄准

portable a.手提式的 decline v.拒绝，谢绝;下降

illusion n.错觉

likelihood n.可能，可能性

stripe n.条纹

emphasize vt.强调，着重

emotion n.情感，感情

emotional a.感情的，情绪(上)的 awful a.极坏的，威严的，可怕的 awkward a.笨拙的，棘手的 clue n.线索，提示

collision n.碰撞，冲突

device n.装置，设备

devise vt.发明，策划，想出

inevitable a.不可避免的 naval a.海军的 navigation n.航行

necessity n.必需品;必要性

previous a.先，前，以前的

provision n.[pl.]给养，口粮;准备，设备，装置

pursue vt.追逐;追求;从事，进行

stale a.不新鲜的，陈腐的 substitute n.代用品 vt.代替

deserve vt.应受，应得，值得

discrimination n.歧视;辨别力

professional a.职业的，专门的 secure a.安全的，可靠的 security n.安全，保障 scratch v./n.抓，搔，扒

talent n.才能，天资;人才

insurance n.保险，保险费

insure vt.给...保险，保证，确保

nevertheless ad.仍然，然而，不过

neutral a.中立的，中性的

spot n.地点;斑点 vt.认出，发现;玷污

spray v.喷，(使)溅散

medium a.中等的，适中的 n.媒介物，新闻媒介

media n.新闻传媒

auxiliary a.辅助的，备用的 automatic a.自动的 compete vi.竞争，比赛

competent a.有能力的，能胜任的 competition n.竞争，比赛

distribute vt.分发

disturb vt.打搅，妨碍

infer v.推论，推断

integrate v.(into,with)(使)成为一体，(使)合并

moist a.潮湿

moisture n.潮湿

promote vt.促进;提升

region n.地区;范围;幅度

register v./n.登记，注册

stable a.稳定的

sophisticated a.老于世故的，老练的;很复杂的 splendid a.极好的，壮丽的，辉煌的 cancel vt.取消，废除

variable a.易变的，可变的 prospect n.前景，前途;景象

prosperity n.兴旺，繁荣

aspect n.方面;朝向;面貌

cope vi.(with)(成功地)应付，处理

core n.果心，核心

maintain vt.维持，保持;坚持，主张

mainland n.大陆

discipline n.纪律;惩罚;学科

domestic a.本国的，国内的;家用的;家庭的 constant a.不变的，恒定的 n.常数

cliff n.悬崖，峭壁

authority n.权威;当局

audio a.听觉

attitude n.态度 第一段：描述图画

1、As is vividly shown in the picture(如果两个的话用pictures，也可以用drawing，同样的如果两个的话用drawings，如果是图表则用table,两个图表则用 tables)above, 图画的内容。The picture(如果两个的话用pictures，也可以用drawing，同样的如果两个的话用drawings，如果是图表则用table,两个图表则用 tables)tells(注意，如果是前面的图画是复数，则用tell)us that 这个图片的大致反映的意思。

2、Recent years people in 地名(比如中国、北京、美国等等)have witnessed the fact that 描述

图片里的现象，And it is very common/usual to see that in recent years.第二段：解释，说明和分析图片

1、The implied meaning of the picture(注意，同上进行单复数的处理)should be taken into account seriously.First/To begin with, 揭示涵义/原因/结果1，Second/What’s more, 揭示涵义/原因/结果2。Last but not least/Finally, 揭示涵义/愿意/结果3(如果有的话)。And the social problem(如果是现象的话可以用phenomenon)has arisen the great concern/care of our whole society/world/all the people.2、There may/might be three(也可以是两个)factors which contribute to/are responsible for/explain/can make clear the 图片解释的现象。First of all, 原因1。And then the second reason is that 原因2。The last reason，I think, is that原因3。

第三段：给出自己的看法和想法以及解决问题的办法

1、In my view/point of view(或者说as for me),We should take some measures as follows to deal with the problems followed in the picture.First, we should 具体的措施1.And then we have to /must具体的措施2.Only in these ways,can we solve the problem of 具体的问题。

2、It is true that these unique/social points can/could together remind us that we should take some measures to solve it.采取的措施1和2.Only in this way can we实现的目标!作文：

Mobile Phones in the Class

Given is an interesting cartoon：writing on the whiteboard，the teacher says the formula is SO important that it will be Oil the test.Meanwhile，all the students use mobile phones to take the picture of the formula instead of taking notes.The picture demonstrates that mobile phones are quite prevalent in the class.There are mainly two reasons.On the one hand，in contrast to writing the important points down，students tend to use mobile phones to remember things，for taking picture is extremely easy.0n the other hand，many students usually play with their phones even in the class，so they find it much convenient to use their phones to take photos rather than to pick up pens again.In short，the popularity of mobile phones in the class proves that students pay less attention to study.Both schools and parents should discourage students from overusing mobile phones.要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径

1.问题现状

2.怎样解决(解决方案的优缺点)

In recent days, we have to face I problem-----A, which is becoming more and more serious.First,------------(说明A的现状).Second,---------------(举例进一步说明现状)

Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation.For one thing,---------------(解决方法一).For another-------------(解决方法二).Finally,--------------(解决方法三).Personally, I believe that-------------(我的解决方法).Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because--------------(带来的好处).对比型：

When it comes to ____ ,different people hold different views.Some contend that____.For one thing,____.For another,___.In spite of all these claims, others maintain that ____，They point out that____.Another instance often cited is that____.It’s no easy task to find a satisfactory answer to the issue.As for me, there’s some truth to both arguments.It’s advisable to ______.说明利弊这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度(利或弊)出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度(或对事物前景提出预测)

1.说明事物现状

2.事物本身的优缺点(或一方面)

3.你对现状(或前景)的看法

Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life.Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows.First----------------(A的优点之一).Besides-------------------(A的优点之二).But every coin has two sides.The negative aspects are also apparent.One of the important disadvantages is that----------------(A的第一个缺点).To make matters worse,------------------(A的第二个缺点).Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones.Therefore, I would like to---------------(我的看法).(From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in.Only by this way,---------------(对前景的预测).)现象解释：

Recently, ____What amazes us most is_____.It is true that _____.There are many reasons explaining ______.The main reason is_____，What is more, _____，Thirdly, _____.As a result, _____.Considering all these, _____.For one thing, ____For another, ____.In conclusion, ____.议论：

1、不同观点列举型(选择型)

There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文题目_____.But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.A majority of people think that _ 观点一________.In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____.So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter.Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______.In their point of view, on the one hand，___原因一_______.On the other hand, ____原因二_____.Therefore, there is no doubt that ___观点二______.As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______.It is not only because ________, but also because _________.The more _______, the more ________.2、利弊型的议论文

Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)___作文题目______.In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____.Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows.Firstly, ___优点一______.And secondly ___优点二_____.Just As a popular saying goes, “every coin has two sides”, __讨论议题______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects.To begin with, ___缺点一______.In addition, ____缺点二______.To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.3、答题性议论文

Currently, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)__作文题目_______.It is really an important concern to every one of us.As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem.First of all, __途径一______.In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文题目______, we should find a number of various ways.But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.4、谚语警句性议论文

It is well know to us that the proverb: “ ___谚语_______” has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study.It means ____谚语的含义_______.The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows.(also theoretically)

A case in point is ___例子一______.Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语_____.The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job..(1)要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。

1.有一些人认为。。

2.另一些人认为。。

3.我的看法。。

The topic of ①-----------------(主题)is becoming more and more popular recently.There are two sides of opinions of it.Some people say A is their favorite.They hold their view for the reason of ②-----------------(支持A的理由一)What is more, ③-------------理由二).Moreover, ④---------------(理由三).While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons.Firstly,-----------------(支持B的理由一).Secondly(besides),⑥------------------(理由二).Thirdly(finally),⑦------------------(理由三).From my point of view, I think ⑧----------------(我的观点).The reason is that ⑨--------------------(原因).As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice.For me, the former is surely a wise choice.(2)给出一个观点，要求考生反对这一观点

Some people believe that ①----------------(观点一).For example, they think ②-----------------(举例说明).And it will bring them ③-----------------(为他们带来的好处).In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point.For one thing,④-------------(我不同意该看法的理由一).For another thing, ⑤-----------------(反对的理由之二).Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that ⑥------------------(我对文章所讨论主题的看法).观点三段法：

开始段：提出观点

中间段：对观点进行论证

结尾段：总结观点，或具体做法

As is show in the picture, _______图画内容.The caption indicates, _______图画标题.The drawing,thought-provoking as it is,does mirror a current social phenomenon _______图画主题.It is generally agreed upon that _______图画主题.On the one hand, _______原因1.On the other hand, _______原因2.What’s more, _______原因3._______图画的主题 has been attached much importance to.To sum up,it is significant for people to _______结论.In my opinion,it is necessary to _______措施.As a result,we can _______预期目标.问题解决性：

With the ____of____，So it is of great importance for us to____.On the one hand____, On the other hand____，However, we have figured out many ways to _____.Firstly, ____So long as____.Secondly____, Thirdly____.In fact____, That is because ____.In a word,________.