第一篇：日常翻译
大学校长：President 中小学校长：Principal;headmaster 总书记：General Secretary 总工程师：Chief engineer 总编辑：editor-in-chief ；Managing editor 总经理：general manager；managing director；Executive head 总干事：Secretary-general 总指挥：commander-in-chief；Generalissimo 总领事：Consul-general 总监：chief-inspector；Inspector-general 总厨：head cook；Chef 行政职务的副职头衔与血石头先的“副”最常用的英语单词是associate eg：副教授 associate professor 副主编 associate managing editor 副主任医师 associate senior doctor 当然，有些英语职位头衔如manager，其副职位头衔可冠以assistant： 副总经理 assistant/deputy general manager，assistant/deputy managing director 大堂副理（宾馆）assistant manager 以director表示的职位的副职常以deputy director 表示。此外，secretary，mayor，dean等头衔的副职也可冠以deputy “首席”英语常用chief来表示： 首席执行官 chief executive officer（CEO)首席法官 chief judge 首席代表 chief representative 审判长 presiding judge；chief judge；chief of judges 护士长 head nurse 秘书长 secretary-general 参谋长 chief of staff “代理”可译作acting，“常务”可以用managing表示，“执行”可译作executive，“名誉”可译为honorary e.g.：代理市长 acting mayor 常务副校长managing vice president 执行秘书 executive secretary 名誉校长 honorary president /principal 特级教师 special-grade senior teacher 特派记者 accredited correspondent 特约编辑 contributing editor 特约记者 special correspondent 客座教授 visiting professor 院士 academician 业务经理 service/business/operation manager 注册会计师 chartered /certified public accountant 学习标兵 student pacemaker 劳动模范 model worker Man's dearest possession is life.It is given to him but once, and he must live it so as to feel no torturing regrets for wasted years ,never know the shame of a mean and petty past ,so live that ,dying ,he might say :all my life ,all my strength were given to the finest cause in all the world _ the fight for the Liberation of Mankind.1）一国两制
One country two systems 2）维护世界和平、促进共同发展，是各国人民的共同心愿
Maintaining world peace and promoting common development is the shared goal of people in all countries.3)中国是一个历史悠久，文化灿烂，风景秀美的国家。
China is a country with an age-old history, a brilliant civilization, and magnificent landscapes.4)桂林山水甲天下
Guilin's scenery is the most beautiful under heaven.5)天人合一
Integration of the universe and humanity 6)和平共处五原则
The five principles of peaceful coexistence 7）互相尊重主权和领土完整，互不侵犯，互不干涉内政，平等互利，和平共处 Mutual respect for territorial integrity and sovereignty, mutual non-aggression, mutual non-interference in each other's internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit,peaceful coexistence.8)推进素质教育
Push ahead with education for all-around development 9)按劳分配
Distribution according to one's performance 10）科学发展观
The scientific outlook on development 11)健全法制、完善机制 Improve the mechanisms and the legal systems 12)中华人民共和国国务院
The State Council of the People’s Republic of China 13)发展和平友好、平等互利，长期稳定的关系
Develop relation of peace and friendship, equality and mutual benefit, and prolonged stability 14)高层次、全方位的对话
High-level and all-directional dialogue 15)捍卫国家主权、领土完整和民族尊严
Safeguard national sovereignty, territorial integrity and national dignity 16)伸张正义，主持公道
Adhere to principles and unhold justice 17)环境恶化
Deterioration of the environment 18)晚婚晚育
Late marriage and late childbearing 19)生育权利
Childbearing rights 20)广西壮族自治区
The Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 21）自强不息、厚德载物
Self-discipline and Social Commitment 22）天行健，君子以自强不息 As heaven maintains vigor through movement，a gentleman should constantly strive for self-perfection!23）秦始皇兵马俑
Qin Terra-Cotta Warriors and Horses Figurine 24）以公有制为主体，多种所有制共同发展
With public ownership playing a dominant role and diverse forms of ownership developing side by side 三个代表：
25）代表中国先进生产力的发展要求
Represent the requirements of the development of China's advanced productive forces 26）代表中国先进文化的前进方向
Represent the orientation of the development of China's advanced culture 27）代表最广大人民的根本利益
Represent the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people in China 28）承蒙帮助，不甚感激
We owe you a debt of gratitude for your help 29)中国改革开放是一个非常有创新意义的尝试。
China reform and open policy is one has the innovation significance attempt 30)可持续发展是当今世界发展的主题。
Sustainable development is the subject of nowadays world.Are you soaking me? 你在敲诈我吗? Your clothes are soaked/soaking.你的衣服湿透了 He is quiet a lad.他是个活泼的男孩子。专业书 books of my major 她掐我 she pinched me Many young soldiers have been cut off in their prime.许多年轻的战士英年早逝
in one's prime of life 壮年时期，风华正茂 prime cost 主要成本 prime time 黄金时间
don not be taken in by his promises.不要被他的承诺欺骗。（take in 理解）
去伪存真 eliminate the false and retain the true 镇定自若 retain one's presence of mind 盛水的杯子 a cup to retain water / a cup of retaining water 她现在升迁在望 she is on the fast track to promotion 我们的船触礁沉没 our boat foundered on a reef Please capitalize the report 请用大写字母写“报告”二字 Do you wish to contribute 你想捐助吗？
she contributed a number of articles to the magazine.她给这家杂志撰写了一些稿件。
we hope everyone will contribute to the discussion.我们希望大家都能参加讨论。
human error may have been a contributing factor.人为的失误可能是一个起作用的因素。
the report is just full of waffle.这份报告只是一大堆废话。玻璃遇冷收缩 glass contracts as it cools 萎缩的市场 a contracting market 感染艾滋病 to contract Aids 昌盛的一年 a boom year 吊杆灯 boom light 生意兴隆 business is booming 钢筋混凝土 reinforced concrete 这一经历让我更加感到失落 the experience reinforced my sense of loss 敬请出席会议 your presence is requested at the meeting 她觉得有什么东西跟在背后 she felt a presence behind her a man of no presence 其貌不扬的男子 a man of great presence 风度翩翩的男子 saving your presence 恕我冒昧
litmus paper turns red in the presence of an acid.石蕊试纸遇到酸就变红
lose one's presence of mind 遇事慌乱 he has high principle 他很有道德
the principle that heat rises 热气上升的定律 first principle =the most basic rules 根本原则
there are three fundamental principles of teamwork.团队合作有三个基本原则
新体制的实施 the implementation of the new system 农具 agricultural implements 我真诚地赞同他的话 I wholeheartedly endorse his remarks.
第二篇：日常应用文翻译
第十二章
日常应用文的翻译
英文书信通常由下列五个部分组成：
A 信头（Heading）
信头包括写信人地址和写信日期，通常写在信笺的右上角。在比较熟识的朋友之间的通信，写信人的地址常可略去。本课的信头就只写了写信日期，而没有写信人的地址。日期通常有下列两种定法：
（a）月、日、年：如 August 15, 200__
（b）日、月、年：如 15th august, 200__
地址的写法通常是由小到大，如：门牌号、街道名、市（县）名、省名、国名（邮政编码通常写在城市名之后）。这同中文书信的地址写法完全相反。地址可以写 1 ～ 3 行，日期写在地址的下方（见信笺格式）。
B 称呼（Salutation）
称呼指写信人对收信人的称呼，如 Dear Xiaojun，写在信头的下方和信笺的左边。称呼一般用 Dear„ 或 My dear„ 开头，称呼后一般用逗号。
C 正文（Body）
这是书信的主体部分，即写信人要表达的内容。正文要求文字通顺，层次分明，表意清楚。可以手书，也可以打写。
D 结束语（Complimentary Close）
它是书信结尾的恭维话，相当于文中书信最后的 “ 祝好 ”、“ 致礼 ” 之类的话语。“Best wishes”（致以最好的祝愿）就是结束语。
E 签名（Signature）
签名通常签在结束语下方的中间偏右的位置，签名应是亲笔书写，即使是打写机打出的信件，最后仍需亲笔签名。在签名的上方可根据写信人和收信人的关系写上 Sincerely yours/Yours sincerely（用于长辈或朋友之间），或 Respectfully yours/Yours respectfully（用于对长辈或上级）
第一节
社交信件的翻译
社交信件种类很多，根据其不同作用和用途，可分为馈赠信、答谢信、祝贺信、慰问信、吊唁信、道歉信和邀请信（或请柬）等。
一、馈赠信
写这类信用词要诚恳、热情。常见的形式有两种：一种比较正式，用第三人称；一种比较简便，写法与普通信件相同。翻译时应注意保留原文风格。
1．赠字典 Presenting a dictionary Dear [Miss Clark], Allow me to present you with a copy of “[The Chinese-English Dictionary]” published by [Commercial Publishing House].I know you are studying [Chinese] now, and hope you will find it useful.It is a trifle gift.But I hope you will accept it as a small token of my gratitude for your continual kindness.Truly yours, 亲爱的[克拉克小姐]：
请允许我奉上[商务出版社]出版的[《汉英词典》]一本。我知道您正在学习[汉语]，希望该书对您能有些帮助。区区微物，聊表心意。
此致 敬礼！
2．答谢赠词典 Thanks for presenting the dictionary Dear [Mr.Brown], Many thanks for a copy of “[The Chinese-English Dictionary]”.I am very much pleased with it, for it is such a good reference book to me.Thank you again for your nice gift.Yours ever, 亲爱的[布朗先生]：
承蒙惠赠[《汉英词典》]，甚为感谢。它是一本极好的参考书，我非常喜欢。再次致谢。此致 敬礼！
二、答谢信
1.感谢帮助 A note of thanks for one’s help Dear [William]: Thank you very much for your kind letter of [October 15, 2004], concerning [my pro-ject].It was good of you to come to my assistance, and I appreciate your generosity.Your aid will be invaluable in helping me accomplish my objectives.If I can reciprocate at any time, please be sure to call on me.Thanks again for your courtesy.Cordially, 亲爱的[威廉]：
感谢您[2004年10月15日]就[我研究项目]的来信。
您的慷慨令我感到钦佩，而且您的帮助将为我达到我的目标，起到不可估量的作用。如果将来我能为您做些什么，请直言。
再次感谢您的好意。
2.感谢别人的指教 A note of thanks for one’s guidance Dear [Professor Jackson]: It is just [two months] since I consulted with you about [choosing my job] and I want to assure you that I appreciate your help.Your advice has been invaluable, and I have followed the course you recommended, with gratifying results.[I took the job], and consider it the wisest step I could have taken.I would like to express my gratitude, along with my very best wishes.Cordially, 亲爱的[杰克逊教授]：
自从上次向您请教[工作选择问题]至今已两个月了，非常感谢您的指教。
您提的建议十分宝贵，我按照您说的做了以后，收效甚佳。[我选择了那份工作]，并认为这是我所能作出的最明智的选择。
我愿在此向您表示感谢，并献上良好的祝愿。您真诚的，XX
三、祝贺信
在西方，得知朋友订婚、结婚、生孩子、升职都要写信祝贺。祝贺信如同一般的简短书信，可长可短，格式上无特别的要求，但翻译时应做到：真诚、自然、亲切动人。内容上可尽情发挥。
1.祝贺朋友大学毕业 Congratulations on graduation Dear [Mr.Li]: I learned from [Wang Ying] that you were graduated with high honors from [Qing Hua University] yesterday.I can well imagine how proud of you your parents are now, who have been
anxiously hoping to witness your brilliant success.As I understand, you will continue studies in [the United States] soon.I wish you greater success in your studies and research work.With best wishes, Yours sincerely, 亲爱的[李先生]：
从王英处得悉你以优异的成绩毕业于[清华大学]，我可以想像，你的父母现在是怎样地引以为荣。他们一直殷切地希望你获得辉煌的成就。我听说你不久要到[美国]去继续深造。预祝你在学习和研究工作上取得更大的成就。
2.祝贺新年 A letter extending New Year greetings Dear [Mr.Barton]: As the New Year is quickly approaching, I take this opportunity to send my greetings and best wishes to you for [2005].I hope that the coming year will bring a further increase in exchange of culture between our two countries and we look forward to continued friendly relations with you.Yours faithfully, 亲爱的[巴顿先生]：
值此[2005]年即将到来之际，我谨向你致以最良好的祝愿和问候。
我希望，在新的一年里我们两国之间的文化交流有进一步的增加，并希望我们与你们之间的友好关系继续下去。
四、慰问信
慰问信应写得真切，注意措辞，对轻病或者小损失，慰问信应写得轻松一些。相反，对严重病情或重大损失，信就应该写得深沉一些。翻译时应该体现出真诚和关怀。
1.问候朋友的母亲 Inquiring after the health of a friend’s mother Dear [Mr.Wang], I felt very sorry indeed when I heard of [your mother]’s illness, and am anxious to know how [she] is of late.Under a separate cover I am sending [her a box of assorted biscuits] with my best regards.Sincerely yours 亲爱的[王先生]：
听说您的母亲身体欠安，深表忧虑。不知令堂近况如何，实为惦念。随信另寄上[什锦饼干一盒]，并致以最良好的问候。
您忠诚的 [吴洋] 2.慰问丧偶的朋友 A letter of inquiring to those who lost their husband or wife Dear [Mrs.Harper], I would like to express my sorrow at the recent death of your [husband].In the long time it was my privilege to enjoy [Professor of Harper]’s friendship.I found [him] a since and helpful associate, with whom it was a pleasure [to work].The knowledge that my thoughts are with you at his time will, I hope, be of some comfort to you.Truly yours 亲爱的[哈珀女士]：
获悉你的[丈夫]最近逝世的消息，深表遗憾。
长期以来，能与[哈珀教授]保持友谊是我的荣幸。[哈珀教授]是一位我最乐于与其一道[工作]的忠实而有帮助的朋友。
但愿我此时的问候，能给您带来一些安慰。
五、吊唁信
例子 May 15, 2005（1）Dear Miss Barbara, Please accept my deepest sympathy on the death of your mother.I can well appreciate what a great loss this must be to you.Sincerely yours, Paul [译文] 亲爱的巴巴拉小姐：
在您母亲去世之际，请接受我的最深切的慰问。
我非常理解这件事对您是多么大的损失。
您真诚的保罗
2005年5月15日 悼某人丧亲属（On the Death of a Relative）
（2）当友人的亲属去世时，写一封简短的吊唁信是一种友爱、关心的表示。你可以写几句称赞逝者的话，也可以简单地表示同情和慰问。
June 11, 2005 Dear Mr.Forrest, Word of the recent death of your brother has just come to me, and I hasten to offer condolences.I had the privilege of knowing your brother in years past, and I realize your great loss.He was a fine and brilliant man, and he will not be forgotten by the many who admired and respected him.Please convey my sympathy and my warm personal regards to all your family.Cordially yours, Jack [译文] 亲爱的弗雷斯特先生：
惊悉您哥哥最近逝世的消息，特此吊唁。
多年前我有幸结识您哥哥，因此我知道他的逝世是您的巨大损失。他是一位高尚的、出类拔萃的人。那些钦佩他、尊敬他的人是不会忘记他的。
请向您全家转达我的慰问以及亲切的问候。
您热诚的杰克
2005年6月11日
六、道歉信
因过失或疏忽做错了事，给别人带来了麻烦或损失，发觉后要立即写信给对方赔礼道歉，这是一种礼貌。这类信要翻译得坦率，诚恳。
1.因迟复来信致歉 Because of answering one’s letter late
Dear [David]: I am afraid that you will think me unpardonably negligent in not having answered your letter dated [7, December] sooner, but when I have told you the reason, I trust you will be convinced that the neglect was excusable.When your letter arrived, I was just in [Hong Kong].As my family could not forward it to me during my absence, it has been, therefore, lying on my desk until the moment when I took it up.Now the first thing I have to hasten to do is to write to you these few lines to express my deep regret.I enjoyed many pleasant sights during my trip.I shall be pleased to give you an account to of them when I see you next.Yours, 亲爱的[戴维]：
请原谅我收到您[12月7日]的来信后迟迟未复，现将原因告诉您，相信您一定会谅解的。您的来信到来时，我正巧在[香港]，家人无法及时转递。你的信一直放在我写字台上，直到我回到才看见，拖至今天才回信，深表歉意。
这次出去旅行饱览了许多美丽景色，下次见到您时，将告诉您一切。祝好！
2.因遗失借书致歉 Because of losing a borrowed book Dear [Frank]: I am terribly sorry to tell you that I have lost the valuable book you were so kind to lend me [last week].I read it [everyday] and intended to finish it [next month].[Last night] when I came to my room, it was nowhere to be found.I will try to recover it as soon as possible.If I fail to find it, I will get a new book for you.But I am afraid it can never take the place of the old one.Old books are like old friends.Once lost, they can never be replaced.They are connected with cherished associations which the new ones can never have.And for this irrecoverable loss, I am to blame.I was so careless with my things.This is a warning to me to be more careful in the future.Yours truly, 亲爱的[弗兰克]：
很抱歉，[上星期]您借给我的那本书竟遗失了。我[每天]都在看，准备[下个月]看完。[昨晚]我回到我的卧室，到处也找不到那本书。我将尽力找到它。万一找不到，我只好买一本新的还您。
但是，新书恐怕不能代替那本旧书吧！旧书跟旧友一样，一旦失去就不能再得。旧书与往事相连，这种不可弥补的损失，皆由我起。我对待一切太大意了，这次给我一个警告，叫我以后要小心。
七、邀请信
邀请信包括宴会、舞会、晚餐、聚会、婚礼等各种邀请信件，形式上大体分为两种：一种为正规的格式(formal correspondence)，亦称请柬；一种是非正式格式(informal correspondence), 即一般的邀请信。邀请信是在形式上不如请柬那样正规，但也是很考究。
1.邀请参加新厂开工典礼 Invitation to opening ceremony of new factory Dear [Mr.Harrison]: Our new factory will be commencing production on [April 10] and we should like to invite [you and your wife] to be present at a celebration to mark the occasion.As you will appreciate this is an important milestone for this organization, and is the result of continued demand for our products, both at home and overseas.We are inviting all those individuals and trust that you will pay us the compliments of accepting.Please confirm that you will be able to attend by advising us of your time —— we can arrange for you to be met.All arrangements for your stay [overnight on April 10] will, of course, be made by us at our expense.Yours faithfully, 亲爱的[哈里森先生]：
本公司新厂将于[4月10日]开始投产，希望能邀请[贤伉俪]来参加新厂开工典礼。
如您所知，新厂的设立是本公司的一个里程碑，而这正是海内外对本公司产品不断需求的结果。我们邀请了所有对本公司的成功贡献一切力量的个人，我们相信，您一定会赏光。
如您确能参加，请来函告知您抵达的时间 —— 以便我们为您安排会晤。当然，所有安排您在[10日晚间]夜宿的费用，皆将由公司代您支付。
2.邀请参加招待会 An invitation for a reception Dear [Mr.Smith]: It would give [me/us] great pleasure to have your presence at a reception in honor of the Chinese delegation.The reception will be held in the [the City Hall], on [Tuesday, October the fourth].Cocktails will be served promptly at [six] to be followed b dinner at [eight].[I/We] sincerely hope you can attend.Let [me/us] know.Sincerely yours 亲爱的[史密斯先生]：
如您能够出席为[中国代表团]而举行的招待会，[我（们）]将感到十分荣幸。
招待会定于[10月4日（星期二）]在[市政厅]举行。[6点钟]准时举行[鸡犬不宁尾酒会]，随之在[8点钟]举行[正式的晚宴]。
[我（们）]期待着您的光临。请提前通知您能否出席。3，邀请参加化妆舞会
Dec.28, 20005
Dear Julie, If you meet a witch or a ghost on the way here in New Year’s Eve, don’t be alarmed!They’ll just be guests on their way to our masquerade.I’d like you and your brother Bob to come.You can dress here if you like, or you can come all dressed and masked so that nobody recognizes you.I think that’s more fun!
Come at seven, Julie.There’ll be dancing until eleven, and a buffet supper afterward.I hope that both you and Bob can make it.With Love，Anita [译文] 亲爱的朱丽娅：
如果元旦晚上在来这里的途中遇到一个“巫婆”，或一个“鬼怪”，请别惊慌，那一定是前来参加我们化装舞会的客人。
希望您和您弟弟鲍勃同来参加。如果你愿意，可以在这里更衣，也可以来时穿好化装的衣服，戴好假面具，这样，谁也认不出你们了。我想，那样会更有趣。
朱丽娅，请你在七点钟到达。舞会在十一点结束，然后吃自助夜餐。希望您和鲍勃光临。
您亲爱的安妮塔
2005年12月28日
第二节 事务应用文的翻译
事务应用文种类繁多，下面介绍几种常用的日常事务应用文。
一、事务书信
1.推荐信
推荐信在西方国家是求职，求学的必备材料。写推荐信的人必须对被推荐者有一定的了解。最好有较深的资历。如被推荐者的原单位领导，本专业的专家等，名声越大越好。
推荐信大体上可分为两种：专业推荐信（特意为被推荐人申请某一单位的某一职务而写的。写信人应了解聘方的要求、工作性质等有关情况以便有的方矢地推荐被荐人）。通常推荐信（即一封信可以用于不同的聘人单位，通常以“To Whom it May Concern”）为称呼。
推荐信要多写优点，充分肯定成绩，篇幅不宜过长，也不能三方两语。一般包括以下三个内容： 1．说明推荐人与被荐人的关系，熟识程度等。2．概述被荐人的品质、能力、性格等。] 3．建议招聘人录用。
推荐信上应提供推荐人的工作单位、地址、电话等以便对方联系，签名后必须注意职称或学衔。除了请别人推荐，也可以自荐，其格式与上述要求相同。翻译时应注意用朴实的汉语组织译文
1． 推荐他人
To whom concerned，xx has passed the entrance examination to NO.8 middle school of dalian, 2005.He(she)is one of the best students who always study intensively, with his elementary knowledge trustworthy, and the ability of founding and solving problem, self studying, cooperation with teachers and students.He's(she's)always obliging.he(she)performed perfectly during the high school period, especially on maths and English.Besides, he(she)is a optimistic student with nice abilities of communication, adaption and dealing with the contingencies.And also, he(she)got a high score in the college entrance examination, 2008.I'm totally willing to recommend the student to your college, Thanks very much!敬启者：
xxx同学于2005年考入大连市第八中学。该生学习认真刻苦，钻研进取，学习成绩优异。基本学习知识掌握牢固，善于从中发现和解决问题，具有较强的自主能力，善于与老师和同学积极配合，乐于助人。在完成高中学业期间，该生各方面表现突出，尤其在数学，英语方面取得了很好的成绩。该生性格开朗，交际能力，适应能力及应变能力较强。并于2008年全国高考中取得了不错的成绩。作为该生的班主任，我非常愿意推荐该同学到贵校学习深造。谢谢！2.自我推荐Self-recommendation Dear Sir，I wish to apply for a position with your [publishing house].I’m [35] years old and am at present employed by [World Publishing House], where I have been for [the past five years].Formerly I was employed by [Dongfang Press] where I was nearly [five years].My only reason for leaving either those positions would be to better myself and I feel there is no further opportunity in my present position.The editorial work had always had a great appeal to me as I have some ability in writing and editorial work.I can give you references from both these press houses as to my character and ability as an editor.Very truly yours, [Li Ming] [signature] 亲爱的先生：
我希望能在贵社谋求一职位。我现年[35]岁。目前受雇于[天津出版社]，最近[5年里]本人一直在该社工作。在这之前，本人还在[东方出版社]工作近[5年]。
我打算离开这两个职位的唯一理由就是谋求高升。我觉得目前的职位不利于本人的发展。由于我在写作和编辑工作方面有些能力，所以编辑工作一直对我具大的吸引力。关于我的人品和能力，我可以请上述两个出版社单位写介绍信以供参考。[李明]（签字）[2005年7月15日]
2.申请信
为了要了解某事、或请求对方办事某事、或申请参加学会、报名入学等，都可写信给有关方面询问。这类信要写明自己的意图以及要求对方办的事，也可向对方索取有关资料。
翻译时应用简洁，谦恭的汉语，词句组织译文。1.申请奖学金 Applying for a scholarship Dear Prof.[Johnson]: My name is [Li Ming].I am writing to you to apply for a scholarship in your university.Born in [Tianjin in 1960], I graduated from [Tianjin] University majoring in [Computer Science] in [1989].I have been working in the [Computer Science Department] of this univer-sity since my graduation.It is the height of my ambition to further y studies in this field in your university.But without your financial aid I couldn’t manage to come.I’ll be very grateful for your kind help.Could you please favor me with an early reply? Sincerely yours, 亲爱的[约翰逊]教授：
我叫李明。我想来贵校进修并盼能给予奖学金。
我于[1960年生于[天津]，于[1989年]毕业于[天津]大学[计算机科学系]。毕业后一直在[该系]工作。我极想来贵校进修我的专业。我只有在您的经济资助下才能如愿。如蒙关照感激不尽，盼速赐回音。2.申请做为访问学者 Applying for admittance as a visiting scholar Dear Prof.[Jackson], I am a professor of English in the English Department of [Tianjin Foreign Languages In-stitute].I have taught [linguistics] for more than [15] years and have therefore attained a fair knowledge in this field.I am writing to your about the possibility of visiting scholar’s appointment in your de-partment next [spring].If given the opportunity, I’ll do my best to meet your requirements and I am sure I’ll be benefited in return.I hope to hear from you at your earliest convenience.Sincerely yours, [Li Ming] Enc.: My resume 亲爱的[杰克逊]教授：
我是[天津外国语学院]英语系教授。教授[语言学]已有[十五]个年头，因此略有心得。
不知贵系下学期[春季班]能否聘任我为访问学者？如蒙不弃，我当尽力百为符雅望。我想此举彼此均有裨益。
盼早日赐复为感。此致 敬礼！附履历表一份
3.证明信
定义：证明信是以机关,团体,单位或个人证明一个人的身份，学历，品行，工作能力等,供接受单位作为处理和解决某人某事的根据的书信。
格式：
１标题：＂证明＂或＂有关ＸＸ问题的证明＂。２称谓。３正文：被证明的事实。４结尾一般写＂特此证明＂。５出具证明的单位署名、日期，加盖公章。
翻译要求：简明扼要，用词准确，有时可套用汉语传统的公函用语 例子：
TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN April 27, 2010 Dear Sir or Madam:
This is to certify that Ms.XX(passport NO.xxxx), General Manager, is employed by our firm since.Her current income is RMB 300,000 annually.We hereby confirm she is going to have a business trip to Britain from 10th May to 31st May, 2010.We further guarantee she will comply with local law and regulation during her stay in Britain and will also be back on time.All expenses for the above trip including the cost of air tickets, traffic expenses, insurance and accommodation will be covered by our company.Yours sincerely XXX 兹证明**女士出生于**，身份证号码为**，护照号**.** 女士为某某公司在职人员，职位是总经理，薪酬为年薪30万人民币。
**女士赴英国出差的时间段为：2010年5月10日至2010年5月31日。将会遵守当地国的法律和法规，并公司担保申请人按期回国。所有的出差费用（包括医疗保险、餐饮、住宿、机票等）将由我公司承担。
特此证明！
二、其他事务性应用文
其他事务性应用文多属于公文范畴，在一定程度上多具有法律效力，因此，一般用词精炼，严谨，语气庄重，通常使用较正式的公文体英语行文。汉译时，应注意保留原文的这些特点。示例如下： 1.公证书
公证是国家公证机关根据法律的规定和当事人的申请，按法定程序证明法律行为、有法律意义的事实和文书的真实性、合法性的非诉讼活动。公证书应包括的内容有：（1）公证书编号；（2）当事人的基本情况；（3）公证证词；（4）承办公证员的签名（签字章）、公证处印章和钢印；（5）出证日期等。
英文公证书的格式比较规范，一般来说，公证地名写在左上方，须全用大写字母，ss.（或SS.)写在中间，公证书正文应和地名相隔三行。例子：
经济合同公证书
1、国外使用的公证书格式
------, COMMONWEALTH)
ss.ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
OF THE NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS)
On this----day of----, 20----, personally appeared before me------and------, known to me to be the person(s)whose signature(s)is/are subscribed to me to be the foregoing instrument and who acknowledged to me that he/she/they executed the same as a voluntary act for the purposes set forth therein.IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand and official seal on the day and year first written above.------
NOTARY PUBLIC
------联邦马里亚纳群岛公证书
兹证明------和------于---年---月----日，在我的面前，签订前面------合同。经查,此行为是他（她）
（他们）按合同精神自愿履行的。
------
公证员（签名）
2、中国通用的公证书格式
NOTARIAL CERTIFICATE
()Zi, No----
------NOTARIAL PUBLIC OFFICE，------PROVINCE，THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
On this----day of----, 20----, personally appeared before me Mr.------, acting on behalf of------(full mane of the corporate body), and Mr.------, acting on behalf of------(full name of the corporate body), known to me to be the persons whose signatures are subscribed to the foregoing------Contract.It is investigated and found that the signing of the foregoing instrument is in accordance with Article 55 of “The PRC's General Civil Rules ” and “The PRC's------”.IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand and official seal on the day and year first written above.------合同公证书
（）字第----号
兹证明------（单位全称）的法定代表人（或法定代表人的代理人）------和------（单位全称）的法定代表人（或法定代表人的代理人）------于---年---月---日，在---（地点或本公证处），在我的面前，签订了上述《------合同》。
经查，上述双方当事人的签订合同的行为符合《中华人民共和国民法通则》第五十五条的规定，合同的内容符合《中华人民共和国------法》的规定。
---省---市（县）公证处
公证员（签名）
---年---月---日 2.委托书
委托书是委托代理根据被代理人的委托授权而产生的书面材料。委托他人代表自己行使自己的合法权益，委托人在行使权力时需出具委托人的法律文书。而委托人不得以任何理由反悔委托事项。被委托人如果做出违背国家法律的任何权益，委托人有权终止委托协议，在委托人的委托书上的合法权益内，被委托人行使的全部职责和责任都将由委托人承担，被委托人不承担任何法律责任。委托书的常用句型：
_____________________(Name), Passport/Identity Card 本 人,(姓 名)护 照/ 身 份 证 号 码 _____________ , hereby authorised , holder of 兹 委 托(姓 名)Passport/Identity Card number , to submit/collect 护 照/身 份 证 号 码
代 表 我 递 交/ 领 取 my visa application 我 的 签 证 申 请。on my behalf.___________________ ____________ Signature of Applicant Date 申 请 人 签 名 日 期 专利代理委托书
POWER OF ATTORNEY
Pursuant to the Article 19 of the Patent Law of the People’s Republic of China, I/we, citizen/legal entity of _____ hereby authorize _________________________________(Code: _________)to appoint its patent attorney(s)__________，_________ to handle all patent affairs related to the application with title as ________________________________________________ and application number(or patent number)/international application number as____________ in the PRC.Authorized by(Name)________________________________________ Signature or Seal ________________________________________ Seal of the Authorized Agent ________________________________________
Date of Authorization _____________________________________ 我/我们是_____的公民/法人，根据中华人民共和国专利法第19条的规定，兹委托______________________________________________________(机构代码__________)，并由该机构指定其专利代理人
申请号(或专利号)/国际申请号为_________________的专利申请在中华人民共和国的全部专利事宜。
委托人姓名或名称
委托人签字或盖章 被委托专利代理机构盖章 委托日期
3.聘书
聘书主要用于聘请对方前来工作，讲学等，这种信需写清聘请的目的及给予对方的待遇。有时也可写上一些对对方表示崇敬的词语。另外还需写清聘请的期限。__________、__________
代
为
办
理
名
称
为___________________________________________________________________________
1．聘请客座教授 Employing a visiting professor Dear [Prof.Smith]: [The English Department of Beijing Languages Institute] is pleased to appoint you to be [a visiting professor], for the term of [one year and a half], starting on [February 22, 1993].The Department will provide office space and library facilities.You will of course be welcome to participate fully in our teaching programs, including, classes, seminars, and informal dis-cursions.[The Institute] will pay fees according to the contact of engagement en closed here-with.The Department joins me in the hope that you will be able to take up this appointment.Truly yours, 亲爱的[史密斯教授]：
[北京外国语学院英语系]准备聘请您为[客座教授]，为期[一年半]，从[1993年2月22日]起，我系将提供办公室和图书馆一切方便，欢迎您参加我们全部的教学项目，包括上课，研究班讨论会及非正式讨论。[我校]交按照所附合同条款支付酬金。
我系全体成员都希望您能接受这一职位。此致
敬礼！
2.聘请顾问 Employing a consultant Dear [Dr.Boffin], It is a great pleasure to hear from [Dr.May] that you are coming to China for a short visit.I would like to take this opportunity to invite you to be our consultant in our [hospital].With your profound knowledge and experience in the [medical field], I’m sure that you will help our [hospital] tremendously.Let me thank you in advance for your assistance.Please accept my warm welcome and sincere invitation.I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon.Sincerely yours, 亲爱的[鲍菲博士]：
据[梅博士]函告，您将来华做短期访问，故冒昧给您写信，想请您担任我[院]的[顾问]。由于您在[医疗]方面学识渊博，经验丰富，对我[院]一定大有帮助，恭候佳音，并盼忽闻却是幸
第三篇：日常翻译句子练习答案
1.It is inevitable for the old to have generation gap with their children.1对老年人来说，和他们的孩子有代沟是不可避免的。
2.It is sagacious that all relevant factors should be taken into account before taking any action.2在采取任何行动之前，应该考虑所有相关的因素，这是明智之举。
3.A fear has arisen among some people that the more machines will be used, the more workers will be unemployed and the lower our living standard will become.3恐惧在一些人当中出现了。那就是，机器用得越多，失业的工人就越多，而我们的生活水平就会越低。
4.Before airing my opinion, I will analyze the hot issue from diverse perspectives.4在表明观点之前，我将从不从的角度来分析这个热门话题。
5.As soon as a child becomes old enough to communicate with other children, he begins having friends, who sometimes influence him more rapidly than his family.5当一个孩子长到足以和其他人交流时，他便开始交朋友，这些朋友对他的影响有时比家庭更快
6.They spend too much time in front of the television, ignoring their study, outdoor activities and even their families.6他们在电视机前面花费了太多的时间，忽略了学习、户外活动，甚至他们的家庭。
7.But the disadvantage of this solution lies in the fact that too much land that could be used for farming or housing will inevitably be occupied by more and more roads.(同位语从句)
7但此种方案的不足之处在于这样一个事实：修建越来越多的道路会不可避免的占用过多的土地，而这些土地原本是可以用于耕种或建房的。
8.In the countryside, the air is clean, the food is fresh and houses are totally spacious with large yards around them.(并列句)
8在乡村，空气清新，食物新鲜，房子四周通常有宽敞的庭院。
9.Then could not we live in the fresh air while enjoying the mobility of cars? 否定疑问句
9我们在享受着汽车带来的行动自如的同时，难道就呼吸不上新鲜的空气了吗?
10.If students are forced to wear uniforms every day, how can they develop their individuality and creativity? 特殊疑问句
10如果学生被迫每天都穿校服，那他们怎么发展个性和创造力呢?
11.Today when the global economy is in depression, how will you make the choice to domesticate animals with an empty stomach or to solve the living problem with animals as the source of food and clothing?
11在全球经济并不景气的今天，你会选择饿着肚子驯养宠物，还是把它们当作衣物和食物的来源，以求解决自身生存的问题呢? 选择疑问句
12.In addition, the huge amounts of money spared may be poured into the construction of many highways, factories, hospitals and schools, which is of immense benefit to individuals as well as to the society.12此外，所节省的大笔资金可以用来建高速公路、工厂、医院和学校，这无论是对个人还是社会都有很大的好处。
13.They are printed in our newspapers and shown on our television screens as a visible proof of the man’s newest achievements.13它们作为人类最新成就的明证被登在报纸上，而且出现在电视屏幕上。
14.It is true that the whole world is witnessing China’s construction of modernization.14中国的现代化建设确实正为全世界所关注。
15.It is the controversial question, which has aroused heated discussion among people.15这是一个有争议的问题，它引起了人们的激烈讨论。(名词作表语+定从)
16.When we grow old enough to earn a living, it does not surprise us to discover that success is measured in terms of the money you earn.16当我们长大了，可以自谋生计的时候，我们毫不惊奇地发现，成功是用一个人挣多少钱来衡量的。
17.Finally，I will quote a classic sentence from a famous article entitled Give Me Liberty Or Give Me Death by Patrick Henry, the greatest writer in American history.17最后，我讲引用美国历史上最伟大的作家帕杰克 亨利一篇题目为《不自由，勿宁死》的著名艺术作品里的最经典的话。
18.Over the last generation, we have worked hard to restore our natural treasures and find a way to conduct our economy that is more in harmony with the environment.18从我们父辈起，我们努力保护自然环境，找到使我们的经济与环境协调一致地发展的办法。
19.Wearing uniforms, to some extent, discourages individuality and hinder the development of creativity.19在某种程度上，穿校服不鼓励个性化，阻碍了创造力的发展。
20.Mutual understanding between them is desired for by them all, but achieved by only a few.20他们都期待相互理解，但能做到的人却很少。
21.So one thing is clear enough: for the sake of our students’ prospects, teachers should also be called on to respect students and add more attention to enlighten the individuality of students.21所以，这一点是很明确的：为了学生的前程，老师也应该尊重学生，把更多的注意力放在鼓励学生的个性发展上。
22.The critics argue that the practice does not coincide with the present-day civilized world in which liberty and individuality are highly worshiped.22批评家们争辩说这种做法与目前高度尊崇自由和个性的文明社会不一致。
23.Now people in growing numbers are enjoying the benefits at dinner table from the application of the new scientific advances to agriculture.23现在，越来越多的人从餐桌上就能感受到新科技应用到农业所带来的好处。
24.With population rapidly increasing, heavy traffic has become a big headache for many cities.24随着人口的迅速增长，交通拥挤已成为许多城市难以解决的问题。
25.Solving problems in the dormitory will, in the long run, help students understand how to communicate with others.25解决宿舍中的问题从长远角度看将帮助学生懂得如何与其他人交流。
26.While building more roads in places where land is less useful, we should increase the number of public bus lines.26一方面在土地不紧张的地方建造更多的道路，另一方面增加公共汽车线路。
27.What is more important, China, in which agriculture plays a leading role, will suffering a lot more than western countries if once stepping into the stage of popularization of cars.27更为重要的是，在中国这样一个以农业为主导地位的国家，汽车一旦普及将遭受比西方国家曾经历的更为严重的危害。
28.The majority of students believe that part-time job will provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills, which may put them in a favorable position in the future job market.28大部分学生相信业余工作会使他们有更多机会发展人际交往能力,而这对他们未来找工作是非常有好处的.29.The specialists are always telling people what food to eat, what to avoid and what to be put together.29专家们总是告诉我们哪一种食物该吃，哪一种食物不该吃，哪几种食物应该相互搭配着吃。(带不定式的被动结构)
30.After careful consideration, however, I finally decided it was worthwhile to attend college.30在仔细考虑之后，我最终觉得上大学还是值得的。
31.Before we admitted television into our homes, we never found it difficult to occupy our spare time.31在我们把电视请进家门之前，我们从来不觉得打发业余时间很困难。
32.Within 30 minutes in front of the TV set, I am widely and promptly informed about things ranging from important domestic events, the latest development in industry and agriculture to the current international situation.32坐在电视机前30分钟，我就可以迅速地获得广泛的信息从重大的国内事件，工农业上的最新发展到最新的国际形势等。
33.Some students have become dropouts because through part-time jobs they have found that the more education they have, the less money they earn.33一些学生退学了，因为他们通过兼职工作发现，他们受的教育越多，赚的钱就越少。
34.No matter how similar they are, every two friends have differences, and no matter how different they are, as friends, they have at least one similarity: the sincerity towards friendship.34不管多么相似，两个朋友他们都会有不同。不管他们多么不同，作为朋友，至少有一样是相似的：对友谊的忠诚。
35.That is why most of the programs are so bad: it is impossible to keep pace with the demand and maintain high standards as well.35这就是为什么多数电视节目如此糟糕的原因：电视节目不可能既保持高标准又满足观众的需求。
36.That is why there are still a number of people, particularly the old film fans, who show great fondness for cinema.36这就是为什么还有许多人，尤其是老影迷，钟情于看电影。
37.While building more roads in places where land is less useful, we should increase the number of public bus lines.37一方面在土地不紧张的地方建造更多的道路，另一方面增加公共汽车线路。
38.Personally, I prefer a balance of both activities so as to provide me with physical training and mental stimulation.38就个人而言，我更喜欢把身心健康的这两种活动结合起来。
39.The demand for skilled personnel far exceeds the supply and big companies compete with each other to recruit students before they have completed their studies.39技术人员供不应求，以至于大公司竞相招募未完成学业的学生。
40.The computer has the ability to accommodate to individual differences in learning speed, and so I am the one who can control the pace of my lessons.40计算机能够适应学习速度的个体差异。因此，我就想成为能够控制自己课程进度的人。
41.Everyone hopes that others can approve his own understanding ability so that he can stand in an invincible position in competitions.41我们每个人都希望自己的理解力得到大家的肯定，以便在竞争中立于不败之地。
42.School uniforms of the same color and design instill the notion that an organization has greater importance and value than an individual’s creativity.42校服统一的颜色和式样向学生灌输了一种观念----集体的重要性和价值高于个人的创造力。
43.Things in classroom always go like this: teachers ask students to give their own different answers to the questions, but when students do speak up, they seldom get compliment for unique answers.43在教室里的情形通常是这样的: 老师要求学生用自己的观点回答提问，而当学生这样做的时候，老师却很少对其独特的回答加以表扬。
44.TV news programs often reveal to us events as they happen in other areas while any other news media cannot enjoy this advantage, lacking either in vividness or in timeliness.44电视新闻节目经常给我们展现在别的地方正在生的事情，而其他新闻媒体则无法享有这种优势，要么不生动，要么缺乏时效性。
45.They believe that by travelling to the moon and other planets, we can make great scientific advances and perhaps find an alternate place to live before our own plant becomes too crowed or uninhabitable.45他们认为，通过登录月球及其他行星，我们可以取得重大的科学进步，因此我们或许可以再地球过度拥挤或变得再也不能居住之前找到其他的住所。
46.I think that the temptation of city life, especially of the cultural atmosphere in big cities, is overwhelming, even though those unsolved troubles are still there.46我认为即便城市有许多还未解决的问题，但其生活-----特别是其中透着的文化气息----却充满了魅力。
47.In a word, students should be encouraged to take up part-time employment outside school hours, providing this is done within specified time and does not interfere with the demands of study.47总之，应该鼓励学生在课余时间做一些兼职，但前提是在适当的时间内，不能影响学习。
48.A graduate with a wide range of knowledge besides his specialized and practical skills will get on better in society, and such a society will better off as a result.48一个既懂得专业技术和实际技能又学识渊博的毕业生能够很快地适应社会，这样的社会也会越来越好。
49.It is inevitable for urbanization to bring us some sacrifice like the alienation of ourselves from nature.49伴随着城市化，我们不可避免的要做出一些牺牲，如忍受远离大自然之苦。
50.Computer is used so widely that nearly all the fields in which we live have been deeply concerned about.50 计算机已被广泛地应用，以致于人们生活的所有领域都与它密切相关。
第四篇：日常管理制度
餐饮日常管理制度 一
考勤制度
(一)、上下班考勤
考勤采用店长记录的方式，考勤单上各类假别应用不同的符号或文字加以区分。因公外出而不能考勤时，应在考勤单上注明外出事由。
（二）、考勤界定及其相关处理
1、迟到：在规定的上班时间未到岗即为迟到。
2、早退：在规定的下班时间提前离岗（或中途离岗）即为早退。
3、旷工：无故缺勤或请假未准而擅自离岗即为旷工。旷工以“旷一扣三”给予处罚，即旷工一天扣罚三天的工资。旷工三天（含三天）以上，扣除当月全部工资、奖金及其它收入。
4、病假：员工有病请假必须写请假条。若遇急诊，应事先电话请假，事后补交请假条。员工因病休假期间，无工资、奖金及其它收入。
5、事假：员工请事假应事先提出书面请假申请，经店长批准后方可休假。遇急事不能到店请假时，应及时电话请假，事后补假条。员工在事假期间，无工资、奖金及其它收入。
6、休息：每个员工每月有四天的休息时间，休息时间经店长同意后方可休息。
7、加班：加班给予加班费，基本工资/当月天数即为加班工资。
8、辞职：员工需要辞职的必须提前一个月书面申请，经同意后方可辞职。自己离职的扣除所有的工资、奖金。离职工资按正常发放工资的时间发放。
二
卫生制度
卫生区域由店长划分安排，每天店长监督并检查，每周一进行大扫除，由店长进行全面分工并检查。
1、餐具：光亮、无油污、无异味、无指纹、分类堆放
2、工作台：物品堆放整齐合理、不放私人物品、柜门关闭正常。
3、门窗: 无油污、无灰尘、光亮清洁
4、个人卫生 ：工作时间穿工装，做到整齐干净，破损、开线要及时补修。
三
宿舍管理制度
1、宿舍实行室长负责制，全面负责宿舍的安全卫生工作。
2、室长负责宿舍日常管理工作，安排轮流值班，做好并保持宿舍的清洁、卫生。
3、非本餐厅员工未经允许不准进宿舍，不得在宿舍会客，不得带异性入宿舍，不准留宿。否则宿舍内丢失物品由该人或相应人员负责，并给予处罚。
4、不要私自动用他人物品，爱清洁、讲卫生，个人衣服、被褥勤洗勤换 不得高声喧哗，不得吵闹，不得影响他人休息，不得聚众赌博、饮酒。
5、搞好邻里关系，不得在楼道高声喧哗、跑动、打闹。
6、店长对宿舍进行不定期的检查，发现问题，对责任人给予相应的处罚。
7、宿舍水电费由住宿人员承担5%/人，剩余部分公司全部承担，处处勤俭节约。
四 值班制度
1、各岗位按需求安排工作值班人员，最少1名；
2、店长按情况，对值班工作人员进行分工，作好收尾工作；
3、值班人员不得用任何方式催促客人用餐；
4、值班人员要将所值台位的清洁卫生整理干净，并确定所有门窗全关好，电源全关好
5、值班管理人员在离开前全场检查并确认无安全隐患方可离开
五消防安全制度
（一）、安全守则
1、严格遵守本店制定的各项安全制度，严格执行安全操作规程，正确使用各项设备。
2、严格遵守国家的各项法规、法令、条例，发现违法行为应立即制止并及时报告有关部门，对包庇或知情不报者，将予以严肃处理。
3、熟知本部门、本岗位的安全状况，认真惯切执行“谁主管谁负责，谁在岗谁负责、谁操作谁负责”的安全岗位责任制。
4、员工必须了解消防常识，熟记报警电话，熟练掌握消防器材的使用方法，人人重视消防安全工作。
5、严禁将管制刀具、枪支弹药、剧毒物品、易燃易爆物品带入店内，发现以上物品要及时报告店长。
6、不得擅自动用和挪动各种消防设施、设备和消防工具。
7、消防设备、设施、易燃易爆设备设施实行专人负责制，定期进行消防安全检查，消除安全隐患。
8、员工应加强消防意识，发现隐患应及时处理，严禁乱扔烟头、火柴。(厨房每天下班关闭煤气, 检查并确认无安全隐患等)
（二）、报警措施
发生火情，应保持镇静，不可惊慌，并采取如下措施：
1、迅速关闭电源、气源。
2、电话报警119，清晰准确报告火警地点、燃烧物质、火势情况。
3、服从统一指挥，引导人员从安全通道撤离。
六 服务管理制度
1、必须有职业道德,热爱本职工作，认真遵守各项规章制度,无条件的服从上级的工作安排及调动管理，主动认真，自觉地完成各项任务。
2、耐心解答客人提问，避免与客人发生顶撞、争吵。
3、熟悉业务知识、准确掌握开餐时间及人数。
4、每天做好餐前准备，做到环境、餐具，明亮、干净，餐后做好快撤工作。
5、服务态度：热情大方、周到主动、耐心细致、面带微笑，不得带情绪上班。
6、上班时不得闲谈、吃 零时、吹口哨、串岗，严禁在工作岗位高声 喧哗。
8、工作时间，不准玩手机喝酒,抽烟,打闹嬉戏.9、严禁吵架、打架、不得拉帮结派，同事之间要相互尊重，说话要谦虚礼貌，待人热情，语言要文明，不说脏话，团结互助，共同完成任务。
10、不得在客人面前做不雅动作，如剪指甲、掏耳、剔牙、打哈欠、伸懒腰。
11、要有拾金不昧的精神，在餐厅拾到客人遗失的东西，主动上交，不做不道德的事，不贪不利之财。
12、一切电器操作工具，必须探险操作程序进行，杜绝一切可能发生的隐患。
13、员工应不断提高自己的业务水平和服务技能，掌握和熟练一切服务程序，使自己成为一名优秀的餐饮从业人员。
七福利制度
1.员工消费给予8折优惠。
2.每周营业额超过3.5万元聚餐一次，消费金额500以内，每天营业额超过7000元奖励现金当天出勤人员20元/人，超过8000元，奖励现金当天出勤人员50元/人。
第五篇：工作日常
日用陶瓷:人们日常生活中必不可少的生活用瓷；
铅溶出量、镉溶出量
釉中彩、釉下彩、色釉瓷、白瓷的铅溶出量、镉溶出量极少或几乎没有，釉上彩铅溶出量、镉溶出量也很低，极少数采用劣质颜料或在花面设计上对含铅。镉高的颜料用量过大；
建筑陶瓷：建筑物室内外装饰用较高级的烧土制晶，它属精陶或粗陶类，其主要品种有外墙面砖、内墙面砖、地砖、陶瓷锦砖、陶瓷壁画等。（原料处理-成型-煅烧）；
电磁：使用用与电力系统重要起支撑和绝缘作用的部件，有时兼做其它电气部件的容器，因此，对其机械性能、电气性能、耐环境性能（热冷、抗污秽、老化等）有较高的要求；
化工陶瓷：用于制造化工设备中耐酸腐蚀部件的陶瓷。
特种陶瓷：按其功能分类，大体可分为高强度、耐高温和复合结构陶瓷及电工电子功能陶瓷两大类。（1360度左右高温烧结成型）。
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