华师在线大学英语三考试

第一篇：华师在线大学英语三考试

阅读部分 passage 1 museums are places ｗhere collections of objects are preserved ａnd displayed.the objects may be anything found in nature ｏr made by man.there are museums devoted to art, science, history, industry, ａnd technology.but museums are no longer just storehouses for collections.today nearly all museums, large ｏr small, carry on educational programs.museums offer guided tours, lectures, films, music recitals, art lessons, ａnd other attractions.the first paragraph deals with______.D a.what museums preserves b.what kind of objects museums display c.ｗhere museums obtain their objects d.how museums function which statement is not true? C a.museums are not only storehouse for collections.b.museums are places ｗhere you can learn something.c.museums preserve ａnd display only things found in nature.d.museums carry on educational ａnd research programs.ｗhere do objects at museums usually come ｆrom? D a.ｆrom auction sales.b.ｆrom art dealers ａnd private collectors.c.ｆrom gifts ａnd bequests.d.all the above.the large museums accept______.C a.everything offered to them b.all the gifts ａnd bequests c.only objects that meet their high standards d.only things that small museums do not have the last paragraph is about_____.A a.the knowledge one gets ｆrom visiting museums b.the things one can see in museums c.the world ａnd the people living in it d.museum collections ｆrom other lands

passage 2 cars of 2000 will travel the nation’s highways in never-before-dreams-of safety, comfort, ａnd convenience.these cars will float along never touching the ground, ａnd therefore will have no need for wheels.concepts of operation, servicing, ａnd vehicle regulation.the author believes that cars of the future_____ C a.will be replaced by airplanes b.will have wheels unlike those of today c.will ｕｓｅ columns of air instead of wheels d.will ｕｓｅ wheels without tires cars of the future will run_____ D a.without annoying noise b.without fuel c.much more smoothly d.on a number of fans the car without wheels has been called a “flying car” because_____ B a.it travels a few inches above the ground b.it can fly as a plane does c.it moves at a very high speed d.it can travel over smooth water ｗhere is a wheel-less car least fit to travel? C a.over soft land b.over rough country roads c.over highways d.over waterfalls wheel-less cars will_____ D a.eliminate all traffic problems b.ｃreate new traffic problems c.eliminate parking problems d.both a ａnd c passage 3 students can travel in the united states without spending too much money if they follow these suggestions.guides ｏr friends.the passage tells students_____.C a.how to make travel plans b.how to get help while traveling c.how to ｕｓｅ less money while traveling d.how to choose hotels to see more of the country, you’d better travel_____.D a.by plane b.by bus c.by train d.by bike if you want to share rides with others, you can get information_____.a.on the blackboards in classrooms b.ｆrom school administrators c.through certain radio programs d.ｆrom travel agents according to the passage, staying at youth hostels is_____.A a.cheap b.convenient c.comfortable d.enjoyable to save money, you can_____.C a.have more candy ａnd cola b.invite your friends for a picnic] c.take some food with you d.eat in restaurants sometimes passage 1 reading newspapers has become an important part of everybody’s life.some people read newspapers as the first thing to do in the morning.others read newspapers as soon as they have free time during the day so that they can learn what is happening in the world.1.people read newspapers in ｏrder to.B a.learn the latest news b.meet their own different needs c.read the short stories d.find the morning news 2.ｆrom the passage we can see that when people get newspapers.B a.they read them very carefully b.they just read the headline c.not everyone reads all the pages d.they have no time to read them 3.news papers have so many pages because B.a.more ａnd more people like to read them b.people enjoy reading something different c.newspapers become cheaper d.more pages mean more money 4.newspapers are the most popular in the world.A a.in english b.in chinese c.in other languages d.with many pages 5.according to the passage, besides newspapers, people also get information ｆrom.D a.magazines b.advertisements c.e-mails d.internet

passage 2 if there is any single factor that makes for success in living, it is the ability to profit by defeat.every success i know has been achieved because the person was able to analyze defeat ａnd actually profit by it in his next undertaking.confuse defeat with failure, ａnd you are doomed 6.the author __________.D a.ｏrders you to analyze defeat b.wants you to face defeat c.advises you to let a baby grasp a rod d.warns you not to confuse defeat with fail 7.defeat is valuable __________.C a.because it is a factor b.because it isn’t defeat that makes you fail

c.because it provides the guide ａnd encouragement to success d.because it is not a thing to be ashamed of 8.what does the author know? ___________.B a.he knows every success in life b.he knows the factor making for success c.he knows every man who is able to analyze defeat d.he knows the life of every man 9.the person who was able to analyze the defeat is likely ___C________.a.to be a successor b.to face it with feeling ashamed c.to achieve success d.to be ashamed of it 10.what does the author advise one to do with the power which defeat gives? one should __D___.a.explore it b.explain it c.let a baby grasp a rod d.learn it passage 3 why don’t birds get lost on their long flights ｆrom one place to another? scientists have puzzled over this question for many years.now they’re beginning to fill in the blanks.11.the reasons why birds don’t get lost on long flights __B_______.a.have been known to scientists for years b.have only recently been discovered c.are known by everyone d.will probably remain a mystery 12.during daylight hours, birds ____C_____.a.fly aimlessly b.rely on landmarks c.ｕｓｅ sun for guidance

d.are more likely to get lost 13.by “his outdoor cousins” the author means __B_______.a.other experimenters b.the other doves of the same brood c.doves under the natural sky d.other birds in general 14.the experiment with the dove indicated that ____D_____.a.birds have to be taught to navigate b.a bird that has been caged will not fly long distance c.some birds cannot fly at night d.some birds seem to follow the stars when they fly at night 15.in total darkness, doves ____B_____.a.ｕｓｅ landmarks

b.don’t know which way to fly c.fly back home d.wait for the stars to appear 词汇部分

16.— do you know what day is today? A — ______________ a.today is wednesday.b.it is a fine day.c.it is february 11.d.it is raining.17.— my mother is ill.could i leave tomorrow? — ______________ C a.good.you can go.b.quite well.please leave.c.no problem.please do.d.not bad, if you like.18.— i have never been to a chinese village, have you? — ______________ B a.yes, i haven’t..b.no, i haven’t either.c.no, i haven’t too..d.no, i have.19.— when will the performance begin? — ___C_____ a.about one hour.b.after one hour.c.in one hour.d.at one hour.20.— i wonder if i could take a few days off work.— ___B________ a.i’m sure you could leave off work.b.i should say a few days is no problem.c.why, what’s the matter with you? d.no, you mustn’t go away

21.we were __B____ to leave before the train started.a.long b.keen c.worried d.anxious 22.she intended to make teaching her __A______.a.profession b.work c.employment d.occupation 23.the difference was ____B____ cross the river.a.who to b.how to c.what to d.which to 24.mercury freezes if it is cooled to __D______.a.a low too temperature b.a too low temperature c.too low temperature d.too low a temperature

25.when it ___ D _____ table-tennis, you can never defeat him.a.goes b.is c.about d.comes 26.at no time during his speech ___C_____ that he would make another film soon.a.he mentioned b.he should mention c.did he mention d.should he mention 27.a selfish person doesn’t _ _D______ other people’s problem.a.to care b.cares c.care d.care about 28.it is necessary that ____C____ before 10 o’clock.a.she returns home b.for her to return home c.she return home d.she will return home 29.the teacher had no idea ____D____ these two students argued about.a.who b.what c.that d.why 30.i’d rather you ___C_____ say anything about it for the time being.a.don’t b.wouldn’t c.didn’t

d.shouldn’t

31.i had a lot of trouble __C______ the car ________ this morning.a.to get;started b.to get;starting c.getting;started d.getting;starting 32.she didn’t like to __A______ the hotel bedroom with a stranger.a.share b.live c.stay d.borrow 33.we ___D_____ advertisements everywhere that they become largely invisible.a.ｕｓｅd to seeing b.ｕｓｅd to see c.get ｕｓｅd to see d.get ｕｓｅd to seeing 34.you’d better __D______ your luggage in case you have missed something.a.find out b.work out c.pick out d.check out 35.i am _B_______ florida on business.a.in my way to b.on my way to c.at my way in d.along my way 完形填空部分

the united states is a land of many cultures.its people have come ｆrom different homelands ａnd have 36 their own customs ｆrom all parts of the world.although they live ａnd work in a modern，37 society，they want to preserve their traditions ａnd pass them 38 to their children.so，in their daily lives，many americans continue to speak their native language as well as english.they cook traditional foods.they practice their own religion ａnd have their own way of thinking 39 life ａnd death.in addition，they set aside time to celebrate the important occasions of their native culture 40 special ceremonies.every part of the united states has special celebrations，depending on the particular national groups that live in the area.in hawaii，america’s island state in the pacific ocean，there are 41 people of asian ancestry.many of these asians are of japanese，chinese，ｏr polynesian 42.immigrants ｆrom china ａnd japan arrived in hawaii in great numbers during the past century.the early polynesians came to hawaii ｆrom south pacific islands more than a thousand years 43 any other people.the asians left rich traditions for their 44 to follow.today，hawaiians honor the memory of their ancestors 45 special feasts ａnd festivals.36.A brought b，had c，developed d，borrowed 37.a，changed b，excited c，exciting Dchanging 38.a，off b，through c，in D on 39.A about b，of c，for d，out 40.a，on b，in C with d，by 41.a，much B，many c，most d，little 42.A descent b，dessert c，desert d，decency 43.A before b，in front of c，ago d，ahead 44.a，residents b，delegates C descendants d，representatives 45.A on b，under c，for d，with

46.除了离家比较远之外，他对新的办公室还是很满意的。

-He is quite satisfied/happy with his new office except that it is far from home.47.我从他家经过时，看见门口站着一个陌生人。

-I saw a stranger standing in front of the door when passing his house 48.一家房地产公司在这座城市里创立了一家分公司。

-A real estate company has set up a branch/office in this city.46.中国是一个人口众多的国家。

-China is a country with a large population.47.如果你想升职的话，最好能有更好的学历。

-You’d better get higher degrees if you want a promotion.48.你最好早一点动身，否则可能回误了火车

-You’d better leave earlier, or you will miss the train.46.学习英语不只是来上课和记笔记。

It is not just to come to class and take down notes in English study.47.校方在设法给学生多开设一些阅览室。

-The school is trying to open more reading rooms for students.48.所有学生都必须参加英语考试。

-All students must take English test.作文部分 a job i want to have（我想拥有的工作）

Every person has his own ideal job.Some people wish to be doctors, while others want to be teachers and so on.As far as I am concerned, I have been dreaming of being a guide for a long time.First, my major is the manage of tourism, so I want to get a job about tourism.Secondly, good guides are knowledgeable and amiable, meanwhile, they have wide vision.Finally, guide can constantly expand his knowledge and understand lots of customs about different cultures and countries.To achieve my dream of being a qualified guide, I have to make sufficient preparations.Fro one thing, I must learn my specialty well and travel at my spare time, just as the saying goes: “Seeing is believing.” For another, I should enhance my eloquence so that I can express the allusion about the view clearly.What’s more important ,I should control my mood freely and treat every traveler kindly.Being a good guide is difficult, but I believe if I endeavor to do this things in all hands.I’ll be successful sooner or later

a letter of thanks（一封感谢信）

my opinions on english test（我对英语考试的看法）

第二篇：华师在线教育学满分考试资料

一、填空题

在整个教育体系中处于基础地位的是D.小学教育 在教学过程中处于主体地位的是D.学生 在教学过程中，起主导作用的是B.教师

一个国家或地区的各级各类教育机构、组织体系及其管理规则是C.教育制度 一般而言，中等难度的题目应占：D.60% 延续一千多年的科举制于哪一年正式废除B.1905 学校中最常用的教学方法是A.讲授法 学校各项工作的中心是C.教学

学生为了完成共同的任务，在小组中有明确的分工，并以小组总体表现为评价方式的学习属于C.合作学习

下面哪位教育学家在其著作《教育漫话》书中提出了著名的“白板说”

我国学校教学的基本组织形式是：A.班级授课制

我国考试开始走向制度化、规范化的一个显著标志是C.察举制和征辟制 通过亲身体验获得直接经验的课程是：A.活动课程 提出“儿童中心主义”、“学校即社会”、“从做中学”的教育学家是D.杜威 认知主义学习理论的代表人物是：A.布鲁纳

普通中小学的管理制度一般都实行A.校长负责制

培养全面发展的人的根本途径是A.教育与生产劳动和社会实践相结合 课程是按什么标准分划分为必修课与选修课C.课程设置形式

教育学形成独立学科的标志是C.赫尔巴特《从教育目的引出的普通教育学》 教育目的在教学活动中的进一步具体化是：A.教学目的

教育的社会主义性质和方向D.培养“社会主义事业的建设者和接班人”

教学活动以学生的自学为主，教师的辅导贯穿于学生自学始终的教学模式是B.“自学—辅导”教学模式 教师通过展示实物、直观教具，进行示范性实验或采取现代化视听等手段，指导学生获得和巩固知识的方法属于D.演示法

建构主义学习理论的代表人物是：C.维果茨基

规定了学科的教育目的、任务、知识范围、深度、进度以及教学方法的基本要求的是A.课程标准 古代教学的基本组织形式D.个别教学

根据考试目的可以将考试分为B.测评考试和选拔考试 反映试题难易程度的指标是：C.难度

对学习的解释着眼于外在的、可观擦到的行为，而不是内心的心智反应的学习理论是C.行为主义学习理论

地方政府拥有制定当地教育发展规划、分配教育资源、制定地方教育法规等权利属于哪种教育管理体制B.地方分权制

布卢姆提出“绝大多数学生都能学到学校所教的一切东西”是以下哪种教学模式的内容A.“掌握学习”教学模式

标志着封建传统学制的结束，实行新的学制的开端B.癸卯学制

教科书又称为：

“程序教学”模式是由谁推广发展的C.斯金纳

二、多选题

作为教育支柱的四种学习是：A.学会认知B.学会做事C.学会共同生活D.学会实现自我 自主学习强调A.自我发现B.自我激励C.自我管理D.自我评价

制约教育制度建立的基本因素A.社会生产力和科技发展水平C.社会政治、经济制度D.各国历史条件和文化传统E.学生的身心发展规律

在整个“掌握学习”教学模式过程中，最重要的两个步骤是B.测验C.矫正 影响学习的因素有：A.学生B.教师C.学校D.家庭E.社会 影响考试制度的外部因素有：B.政治因素C.人口因素D.传统文化因素 影响考试制度的教育系统内部因素有A.教学课程B.教学目标 影响考试的外部因素有B.政治因素C.人口因素D.传统文化因素

引导—发现教学模式的操作顺序是：A.提出问题B.建立假说C.拟订计划D.验证假说E.交流提高 义务教育的特点C.强迫性D.普及性E.免费性

依据教学阶段不同，考试可以分为：A.单元测验B.期中考试C.期末考试

一般来说，一个完备的教学理论由哪几个要素构成A.叙事论C.因果论D.价值论E.应用论 学制的基本类型A.单轨制B.双轨制E.分支制

学习的特征A.学习的主体是人B.学习具有主动性 学生的基本能力包括B.智力C.体力D.创造才能

新形势下学习方式的变革主要有A.自主学习C.合作学习E.探究式学习

现代选修课的蓬勃发展，主要的基本依据是A.社会需要B.文化背景的差异C.儿童发展需要的不同D.知识经验增长的无限性

现代教学的组织形式，主要解决A.“班”B.“课”C.“时”

我国中小学课程的基本表现形式是B.课程计划C.课程标准D.课程资源

我国教育目的的基本特征有B.体现了教育的社会主义性质和方向C.明确了社会主义教育的质量标准D.指出可培养全面发展人的根本途径E.突出了我国教育目的的根本特点

我国教育目的的基本特征有B.体现了教育的社会主义性质和方向C.明确了社会主义教育的质量标准

我国常用的教学模式有A.“传递——接受”教学模式B.“自学——辅导”教学模式C.“目标——导控”教学模式D.“引导——发现”教学模式E.“情境——陶冶”教学模式

谈话法的基本要求A.要准备好问题和谈话计划B.要善于提问和启发诱导C.创造良好的谈话氛围D.要善于倾听E.归纳、小结

双轨制是一个自下而上的体制，即小学、中学，而后可以升入大学，其特点是一个系列，多种手段 世界各国的教育管理制度基本分为以下哪项类型：A.中央集权制B.地方分权制C.中央与地方合作制 世界范围内学制的形态主要有：A.双轨制B.单轨制C.分支制

社会本位论教育目的观的代表人物有：A.柏拉图B.约翰·洛克C.涂尔干 桑代克提出了学习的三个主要定律：A.准备律B.练习律C.效果律 桑代克把练习律分为两个次律B.应用律C.失用律

民国考试制度的特点C.守本开新D.立法行考E.党化军治，派系干扰 马克思把全面发展的教育内容规定为：A.智育B.体育C.技术教育

课程计划的基本内容有B.教学科目的设置及开设顺序C.课时分配D.学年编制和学周安排 课程编制模式主要有：A.目标模式B.过程模式C.情境模式

考试质量的分析分为A.考试信度B.考试难度D.试题区分度E.考试效度

考试的设计包括A.确定考试目的B.确定考试内容C.确定考试题型D.编制试题E.实施考试 教育制度包括哪些内容A.学校教育制度B.教育管理制度C.学校内部管理制度 教育目的的功能主要有：A.定向功能B.调控功能C.评价功能 教育目的的功能C.定向功能D.调控功能E.评价功能

教育管理制度的基本内容是指平衡哪些部门的职责、权力和利益关系B.中央政府D.地方政府E.学校 教学模式的特点A.是一定教育思想的反映B.是连接基础理论与教学实践的桥梁和中介C.具有针对性和可操作性D.具有整体性和灵活性E.具有开放性和稳定性

教学模式的结构A.指导思想B.功能目标C.操作顺序D.实现条件E.教学评价

教学模式的功能A.使教学理论易于推广和优化B.为教师提供咨询C.为教师做示范引导D.预测教学结果 教学过程的基本要素主要是B.教师C.学生D.教学内容E.教学手段 教学过程的基本阶段有：A.引导学生明确教学目标B.激发学生的学习动机C.感知和理解教学材料D.巩固和运用知识经验E.教学效果的检查、测量与评价

教学的意义A.是学校各项工作的中心B.促进人的发展的重要途径C.促进社会发展的重要手段 教师的职后教育主要形式有A.教师进修B.短期培训 讲授法具体可分为A.讲述B.讲解E.讲演

国家课程标准的主要结构A.前言B.课程目标C.内容标准D.实施建议E.术语解释

根据教育目的的历史形态，可以划分为：C.古代教育目的D.现代教育目的E.后现代教育目的 根据教育目的的理论基础，可以将将其划分为A.宗教本位的教育目的B.社会本位的教育目的C.个人本位的教育目的D.要素主义的教育目的E.教育无目的

个人本位教育目的观的代表人物有：B.卢梭C.福禄贝尔D.裴斯泰洛齐

从课程的组织核心划分，可以将课程划分为A.学科课程B.活动课程C.核心课程D.综合课程 从课程的存在方式划分，可以将课程分为A.显性课程B.隐性课程

标准化考试的作用A.有利于教学目标的完成B.是客观、公正、有效的教育测量方法C.为评价教师教学效果提供了有效的依据D.为教学管理部门宏观上掌握教学提供了有效的方法

标准化考试的基本条件A.制定具体的考试大纲B.保证试题的信度和效度D.严格规范考试程序E.规范评分标准

奥苏贝尔提出的三种同化方式C.下位学习D.上位学习E.并列学习

“掌握学习”教学模式中的教学评价分为A.诊断性评价B.形成性评价C.终结性评价

三、判断题

“暗示教学”模式的理论之一是人与环境的关系。标准答案：1 班级授课比个别教学的效率高。标准答案：1 必修课具有强制性。标准答案：1

标准化考试考查目标明确、稳定标准答案：1正确

从物理特性和呈现方式来分，课程资源可分为显性课程资源与隐性课程资源。标准答案：0 单轨制发展到今天，还可以有效地培养多规格的人才来适应经济的要求标准答案：0错误 单轨制最早出现于日本。标准答案：0 错误 个别教学能做到因材施教。标准答案：1

个人本位主义的教育目的观认为教育目的不存在有“教育过程以外”的目的，教育目的之存在于“教育过程以内”。标准答案：0

根据出题者能否提供固定客观的答案，可将考题分为客观题和主观题标准答案：1正确

根据教育目的与教育过程的关系，可以将教育目的的划分为“国家教育目的”和“个体教育目的”。标准答案：0

根据教育目的与教育过程的关系，可以将教育目的的划分为“国家教育目的”和“个体教育目的”您的答案：错误

根据考试范围的不同，可以分为个别考试和团体考试。标准答案：0 广义的课程特指某一门学科。标准答案：0

合作学习要求学生要进行良好的沟通。标准答案：1正确 核心课程让儿童从做中学。标准答案：0 活动课程又称为“正式课程”。标准答案：0

技能能够通过反复的训练达到熟练甚至“自动化”标准答案：1正确

建构主义学习理论认为学习是学习者内部心理的建构和改组，是学习者主动认知的过程。标准答案：0 建构主义学习理论提倡情境学习。标准答案：1 讲授法亦叫问答法。标准答案：0

教材是教师和学生用来进行教学活动的材料。标准答案：1 教科书是教师进行教学的主要依据。标准答案：1 教师在教学中应起主导作用。标准答案：1

教学不需符合教育学原理的要求。标准答案：0

教学方法是为完成教学任务而采用的方法。标准答案：1 教学过程中学生以掌握间接经验为主。标准答案：1 教学是一种双边活动。标准答案：1

教学与教育是部分与整体的关系。标准答案：1 教学与智育既有联系又有区别。标准答案：1正确

教育包括教学标准答案：1

教育管理体制就是学校的管理制度。标准答案：0 教育目标是教育目的的下位概念您的答案：正确

教育目的不受一定社会的生产力发展水平的制约标准答案：0错误 教育目的是整个教育工作的出发点和最终归宿。标准答案：1 开设哪些教学科目是课程计划的核心问题您的答案：正确

考试的差异程度是指考试结果的数据向某一中心值靠拢的程度。标准答案：0 考试是检验教学活动是否达到教学目标的一种手段。标准答案：1 考试信度是指试题的可信程度。标准答案：0 课程即单纯的课堂教学标准答案：0错误 课程就是教育内容。标准答案：0 课程内容应该保持“难、繁、偏、旧”。您的答案：错误

课堂教学是教学活动的第一个环节。标准答案：0 免费性是义务教育的特点。标准答案：1正确 目标模式强调目标的重要性。标准答案：1

期末考试是在学校统一组织下对某门学科进行一个学期的教学内容的综合考核。标准答案：1 强化可分为正强化和负强化。标准答案：1

全面发展就是平均或平面的发展。标准答案：0

社会主义的劳动者是一种脑力劳动与体力劳动相结合的新型劳动者标准答案：1正确

双轨制是一个自下而上的体制，即小学、中学，而后可以升入大学，其特点是一个系列，多种手段您的答案：错误

所谓基本技能，是指各门学科中最主要、最常见的技能。标准答案：1 探究式学习可以培养学生的创新思维和创新能力。标准答案：1

现代学制的改革在横向方面，双轨制在向分支制和单轨制方向发展标准答案：0 学会认知关注学习的方法而不是具体的知识。标准答案：1正确 学科课程是根据各种不同的学科分门别类加以设计的学校课程 学习是个体主动的行为。标准答案：1

学制是一个国家各种教育机构及其教育规范体系的有机结合，是一种教育组织体系与教育保障体系有机结合的制度系统。标准答案：0

学制是整个教育制度的核心组成部分，是教育制度的主体。标准答案：1 研究性课程重视学习的结果，强调记忆。您的答案：错误 一般来说基础性学科用的授课时间较少。标准答案：0 隐性课程又称为“正式课程”。标准答案：0

在教学过程中，要注重发展学生的非智力活动。标准答案：1 在教学中，学生处于主体地位。标准答案：1

在学生的认识活动中，智力活动是指认识事物和掌握知识过程中的知、情、意等活动。标准答案：0 正强化是通过消除不愉快的刺激来增强反应频率。标准答案：0错误 职业学校的出现标志着古代学徒制向现代教育的转变。标准答案：1 中国古代科举制度最早起源于隋朝。标准答案：1正确

中央集权制是指中央政府直接领导和管理教育事业的制度，地方办学的一切举措都必须依据中央所制度的法律、政策和和规章施行。标准答案：1

终身教育是指人的一生应该是一个不断学习的过程，永远和接受教育联系在一起。您的答案：正确

自主学习是指学生积极主动地学习，学习是一种内在需求。标准答案：1

四、名词

班级授课制是一种集体教学形式，它把年龄大致相同，知识水平也大致相同的人按照一定数量编成固定的班级，根据课程表规定的时间，安排教师有计划地向班级学生集体上课。

单轨制是一个自下而上的体制，即小学、中学，而后可以升入大学，其特点是一个系列，多种分段。合作学习： 合作学习是指学生为了完成共同的任务，在小组中有明确的分工，并以小组总体表现为评价方式的学习。

合作学习： 是指学生为了完成共同的任务，在小组中有明确的分工，并以小组总体表现为评价方式的学习。

教学方法： 是为完成任务而采用的教学方法，是教师引导学生掌握知识技能、获得身心发展而共同活动的方法。

教学过程是教师根据教学目的、任务和学生身心发展特点，通过指导学生有目的有计划地掌握系统的科学文化知识和基本技能，发展学生的智力和体力，使其形成科学的世界观及培养学生道德品质、发展学生个性的过程。

教学是特定的承认社会发表者，运用符合道德和教育原理的程序，有目的、有计划地传授社会珍贵知识文化资源，从而引发学习的活动。

教育制度是一个国家或地区的各级各类教育机构、组织体系及其管理规则。

课程资源 ：课程资源是指课程设计、编制、实施和评价等整个课程发展过程中可以利用的一切人力、物力以及自然资源的总和。

效果律是指刺激和反应之间的联结可因导致满意的结果而加强，也可因导致烦恼的结果而减弱。学科课程

： 学科课程是根据各种不同的学科分门别类加以设计的学校课程

五、问答题

3、改革高等教育招生与分配制度，扩大高等学校办学的自主权

4、对学校教育实行分级管理

5、保证教育经费的“两个增长”

3.张扬学生个性，促进个体健康发展。4.培养学生品德，奠定科学世界观基础。

根据不同的标准，可以把课程分为不同的类型，请论述课程有哪些划分方法。标准答案：1.从课程的组织核心划分。2.从课程的存在方式划分。3.从课程设置形式划分。4.从课程实施方式划分

简述地方分权管理模式的利与弊。标准答案： 利：调动地方政府办学积极性；为经济发展服务；形成特色学校。弊：国家难以整体上把握；削弱国家在宏观上对教育的协调、控制、评价、督导；缺乏统一的教育目标和标准

简述我国1985年教育体制改革的主要内容。标准答案：

1、加强基础教育，有步骤地实施九年义务教育

2、调整中等教育结构，大力发展职业教育

3、改革高等教育招生与分配制度，扩大高等学校办学的自主权

4、对学校教育实行分级管理

5、保证教育经费的“两个增长”

论述教学的基本任务。标准答案： 1.传承知识文化，形成基本技能。2.发展基本能力，教会学生学习。3.张扬学生个性，促进个体健康发展。4.培养学生品德，奠定科学世界观基础。

论述教学的意义？标准答案： 1.是学校各项工作的中心2.是促进人全面发展的重要途径3.促进社会发展的重要手段

论述教学模式的结构?标准答案：

1、指导思想

2、功能目标

3、操作顺序

4、实现条件

5、教学评价

论述我国中小学常用的教学方法？标准答案：

1、讲授法

2、谈话法

3、演示法

4、练习法

5、实验法

6、讨论法

7、读书指导法

论述新形势下学习方式的变革?标准答案：

1、自主学习

2、合作学习

3、探究式学习

论述影响课程的主要因素。： 1.政治因素

2.经济因素

3.知识的进步

4.学生的发展 论述制约教育制度建立的基本因素。标准答案： 1.社会生产力和科技发展水平2.社会政治、经济制度3.各国历史条件与传统4.学生的身心发展规律。

试论述我国现行学制系统?标准答案：

1、学前教育

2、初等教育

3、普通中等教育

4、中等职业技术教育

5、高等教育

6、教师教育

7、成人教育

谈谈我国教育目的具有什么基本特征。标准答案： 1.体现了社会主义性质和方向。2.明确了社会主义教育的质量标准。3.突出了我国教育目的的根本特点。4.指出了培养全面发展的人的根本途径。

通过本课程的学习，谈谈自己在教育观念、教育知识、专业发展这3个方面取得了哪些收获？标准答案： 根据学生在教育观念、教育知识、教师专业发展这3各方面的论述酌情给分，要求理论联系实际，有学生自己独立的思考与看法。

论述社会本位论的教育目的观您的答案：答：

（一）主要观点 人的本性是其社会性；国家和社会是优先的价值实体；教育目的应从社会需要出发

（二）理论基础 社会本位主义的教育目的论的基本主张是以社会的稳定和发展为教育的最高宗旨，应当依据社会的要求来确定教育目的，教育的根本目的在于使受教育者掌握社会的知识和规范，成为“社会人”。“社会本位论”由来已久，《学记》中就曾谈到：“君子欲化民成俗，其必由学乎。”中国古代教育一直以修身为本，但修身的最终目的是“治国平天下”。古希腊哲学家柏拉图在其著作《理想国》中提出，一个完美的理想的国家必须由三部分人组成：哲学家、军人和劳动者，教育的目的就是培养和选拔这些人，使其各司其职。教育因此成为社会政治的附庸。在近现代西方教育史上也出现过社会本位的目的论思想，最具代表性的是教育社会学中的社会功能学派。他们将人类个体发展的社会条件无限夸大，认为个人的发展完全取决于社会。教育社会学的创始人涂尔干认为，教育是一个社会事物，学校是社会的缩影，他说：“正如我们的身体凭借外来的事物而获营养，我们的心理也凭借从社会来的观念、情感和动作而获营养。我们本身最重要的部分都是从社会得来的。”整个社会及其结构就决定了教育能够发挥什么样的功能，在此基础上，社会功能学派认为教育目的只能是社会目的。涂尔干还说：“教育在于使青年社会化——在我们每一个人之中，造成一个社会的我。这便是教育的目的。19世纪末20世纪初的德国教育家凯兴斯泰纳站在社会本位主义的立场上，说：“我十分明确地把培养有用的国家公民当成国家国民学校的教育目标，并且是国民教育的根本目标。社会本位主义的教育目的论者认为，衡量教育好坏的最高标准只能是看教育能否为社会稳定和发展服务，能否促进社会的存在和发展。社会本位的教育目的论充分注意到了社会对个人、对教育的制约作用。然而另一方面，这一学派却没有看到社会是由个体组成的，没有活力的个体，社会存在就是病态的；同时离开个体的生活幸福等目的，社会存在也就失去了意义。社会是个体存在和发展的基本条件，但社会并不是个体存在的终极目的。因此，教育目的如果只看到教育对象存在的条件而对教育对象自身的需要不做足够的关照，就肯定是有失偏颇的。

（三）评价 社会本位论者主张教育目的要根据社会需要来确定，个人只是教育加工的原料，他的发展必须服从社会需要；他们认为，教育的目的在于把教育者培养成符合社会准则的公民，使教育者社会化，保证社会生活的稳定与延续；在他们看来，社会价值高于个人价值，个人的存在与发展依赖并从属于社会，评价教育的价值只能以其对社会的效益来衡量。这一理论的代表人物有涂尔干、那托普、凯兴斯泰纳等

论述影响课程的主要因素。您的答案：您的答案：答：学校课程受多种因素的影响，从课程发展史和当代各国所进行的课程改革来看，最主要的受社会需求、科学知识的进步和儿童身心的发展三方面制约。

（1）社会需求

这里所谓社会是社会结构，它包括政治经济发展，社会意识形态、文化传统等因素，它们对课程的设置，课程的内容有着不同程度的影响，学校课程是这些社会因素综合作用的结果。

这些社会因素对课程的共同需求主要体现在：对培养新的劳动者和新的政治继承人的需要；对更新课程内容的要求；对课程设计思想的影响。但社会因素对课程的需求往往不是直接对应的，而是通过教育方针、政策、有关课程的法规等中间环节或手段来实现的。

（2）科学知识的进步

人类积累的科学知识是课程的重要源泉。课程内容总是从人类积累的知识总和中，根据一定的标准精选出来的，体现着人类科学知识的基本要素和精华。自然科学的形成和发展，对学校课程的完善和发展有很大的影响。主要表现在：自然科学的发展影响着课程设置的水平、性质和特征；自然科学发展的历史顺序与普通学校开设的课程科目基本是同步的；自然科学新的发明和发现，对课程发展变化的方向、内容、结构和形式都有显著影响。在社会科学方面也有类似情况；科学知识的分类对学校的课程内容，尤其是课程设置有着重大的影响。

（3）儿童身心的发展

课程是要学生掌握并促进其身心健康发展的，所以就必须是学生能够接受的，适合学生身心发展需要的。学生身心发展的需要和可能、原有知识基础和能力发展水平、年龄特点等等，都是影响课程的重要因素。其制约性主要表现在三个方面：对课程目标的制约。不同学段由于儿童身心发展特点不同，其课程目标也各异；对课程设置的制约。学者们的长期研究认为，个体发展有六个方面的共同需在：认识活动的需要、价值定向活动的需要、操作活动的需要、社会交往的需要、审美活动的需要、体力活动的需要。课程设置不仅反映社会需求和科学知识发展情况，也要反映个体的这种共同需求。因此，任何时代，任何国家所设计的课程体系中几乎都自觉或不自觉地包含了上述六个方面的内容；对教材编制的制约。学生的心理发展顺序制约着教材内容的逻辑顺序。只有把教材的逻辑顺序与学生心理发展的顺序统一起来，这样的教材才能受学生欢迎。

综上所述，社会需求决定了学校课程发展的方向；知识的更新促进了课程内容的更新及组织形式的改变；学生身心发展强烈影响各学校的课程计划、课程标准及教材组织。

论述制约教育制度建立的基本因素。您的答案：答：任何国家教育制度的建立都要受到客观因素和主观因素的制约,但基本上都从本国的实际出发,为本国服务.大体来讲,基本有以下因素

1、社会生产力和科技发展水平。纵观世界各国学制的发展，都与社会生产力和科技的发展状况密切相关，学校教育制度的建立必须符合社会生产力和科技发展的需求。

2、社会政治、经济制度。现代学校教育与社会政治和经济制度有着紧密的联系。社会政治、经济制度对教育制度的制约是通过国家政权来实现的。教育结构的确立与调整，教育制度的颁布与实施都是国家政权机关的职能，而各国的各项决策是以适应本国政治、经济制度为根本准则的。

3、各国历史条件和文化传统。任何一个国家教育制度的建立与发展都不能忽视对外国教育制度有益经验的借鉴，而各国的教育制度有总是根植与本国的历史文化土壤之中，即使从外国引进，也会多多少少的根据本国国情加以改造。由于各国历史条件、文化传统、教育传统的不同，教育制度个具有特色。

4、学生的身心发展规律。学生是学校教育的对象，所以学校教育制度的指定必须考虑学生身心发展规律，这是教育制度确立的一个重要依据。指定教育制度，确定儿童的入学年龄和修业年限，确定各级各类学校的分段和衔接，规定升级升学制度中的默写弹性限度等，都要考虑到学生身心发展的要求。

我国现行考试制度存在的弊端。您的答案：

1、现行考试并没有真正体现教育目标的要求。在社会中考试是通行的选拔人才的方式。在学校中，考试是进行教学评价的一种方式，目的在于衡量学生学习质量水平的高低，激发被评者的学习积极性，促进教学。可是大多数的学校，为了升学而考试，一切工作都围绕升学考试而开展，教师为考试而教，学生为考试而学，考试成了左右教育方向的“指挥棒”。

2、考试缺乏客观性、公正性和有效性。首先是考题的问题，同一课程，由于任课教师的不同，对内容要求掌握的程度也不同，有的考题偏易，有的考题偏难，没有同一尺度，缺乏可比性和有效性；其次是考风问题，考风日下，已成为社会广泛关注的问题，作弊行为屡有发生，违纪学生比例有所提高，这对同一起跑线上参加应考的学生是不公平的；最后是教师的评分，有些教育因受所谓的“首因效应”和“暗示效应”心理影响，评分不客观，不公正，有很大的随意性。

4、考试是以教师为主的单边活动，没有形成教师和学生的互动作用。出题、监考、评分无一不是教师一手操作，学生唯一能做的事就是被动考试。教师要求学生按既定的答案去解决问题，只有这样才能得高分，忽视学生创造性和个性发展。

论述教学的基本任务。您的答案：教学任务是学校教育目的在教学中的具体体现，它主要是由大众所追求的价值取向决定的,它指明了各教育阶段各科教学应该实现的目标和要求。

1、传承珍贵知识文化资源，形成学生的基本技能。人类社会历史实践经验的概括和总结就是知识，它是人类对客观世界的现象、事实及其规律的认识。教学的基本任务就是把人类社会长期积累起来的珍贵知识文化资源迅速有效地传授给新生一代，并把它内化为个人的知识和智能。由于教学的其它任务只有引导学生掌握知识文化资源以后才能实现，因此只有完成好这一项任务，才能有条件完成其他教学任务。教学任务不只是要使学生掌握珍贵的文化资源，更重要的是能是学生形成运用知识的基本技能。

2、发展学生基本能力，教会学生学习。学生的基本能力主要包括学生的智力、体力和创造才能。发展这些能力，不仅是顺利进行高质量教学的必要条件，也是现代教学的一项重要任务。

3、张扬学生的个性,粗竟个体健康发展。现代教学论十分关注学生的个性发展。主张通过教学协调每一位学生的知识、智力、情感、兴趣、意志等因素，充分发挥学生的主观能动性，张扬学生个性。教学是教育的基本途径，在教学过程中，学生在教师的指导下进行学习，与教师、教材相互作用、相互影响，并借助这种相互影响，获得新知识、技能及人生观，发展个性，改善气质和性格，形成健康的动机、兴趣、理想、信念，从而促进个体的健康发展。

4、培养学生的品德，奠定学生科学世界观的基础。世界观是人们对世界的看法和基本观点。青少年学生的世界观、审美情趣和品德正处在急速发展中，教学在使学生形成科学的世界观、培养审美情趣和优良品德方面其着重要作用。总之在教学中掌握知识、发展能力、张扬学生个性以及培养学生品德之间是紧密联系，不可分割的。知识与能力是相辅相成的、互相促进的。知识是形成能力的基础，它引领着能力的形成，使能力变得正确和精练；能力的形成也会加深和巩固对知识的理解，并为学习新知识提供条件和手段。知识、能力与个性的关系很 密切，一个人的知识和能力，对个性的形成和变化的影响非常大，在摸中程度上具有决定性的意义；个性的差异，对一个人知识掌握和能力发展的种类、速度以及质量，在一定意义上也具有决定性作用。培养学生的品德是教育的重要目标，是衡量教育效果的重要尺度，在一定意义上也具有重要的作用。

第三篇：华师在线 网院 英语语言学复习资料(考试题库)

Which of the following forms a minimal pair? A.fear, pear B.tip, pit C.food, foot D.beat, bit 答案:D

The word “realization” consists of _____ syllables as against _____ morphemes.A.five/five B.five/four C.four/three D.four/four 答案:C

Which of the following best describes the relations between ―Alice is a vegetarian‖ and ―Alice prefers eating steak‖? A.The former is synonymous with the latter.B.The former is inconsistent with the latter.C.The former entails the latter.D.The former presupposes the latter.答案:B

Which of the following underlined parts is a free morpheme? A.understandable B.eastward C.otherwise D.without 答案:D

Which of the following is a directive? A.Your money or your life!B.You are fired!C.The earth is round.D.Thank you very much.答案:A

How many arguments are there in ―I‘m not feeling very well‖?A.no B.one C.three D.five 答案:B

The word ―boatel‖ is a(n)____.A.acronym B.blend C.clipped word D.coined word 答案:B

‘Parent‘ and ‗child‘ are ___.A.gradable antonyms B.ungradable opposites C.relational opposites D.complementary synonyms 答案:C

Which of the following is the head of the phrase ‗often read science fictions‘? A.often B.read C.science D.fictions 答案:B

‘That is a box‘ is a ___-place predication.A.no B.one C.two D.three 答案:B

The word ―DINK‖ is a(n)____.A.acronym B.blend

C.clipped word D.coined word 答案:A

Around the time of their second birthday, children begin to produce ____ utterances.A.one-word B.two-word C.three-word D.four-word 答案:B

Which of the following underlined parts is NOT an inflectional morpheme? A.teeth B.speaking C.taken D.chaos 答案:D

The design features of human language include the following features EXCEPT____.A.duality of structure B.genetic feature C.arbitrariness D.displacement 答案:B

‘Like‘ and ‗dislike‘ are ___.A.gradable antonyms B.ungradable opposites C.relational opposites

D.complementary synonyms 答案:A

Which of the following is an expressive? A.The earth is a globe.B.Your money or your life!

C.I‘m very grateful for your help.D.I fire you.答案:C

‘Slim‘ and ‗skinny‘ are ___.A.dialectal synonyms B.collocational synonyms C.stylistic synonyms

D.synonyms that differ in their emotive meaning 答案:D

Which of the following best explains the relationship between ―I like Beijing opera‖ and ―I dislike Beijing opera‖? A.inconsistency B.anomaly C.contradiction D.entailment 答案:A / 16

The chief exponent of the behaviorist view of language acquisition is ____.A.Bloomfield B.Chomsky C.Saussure D.Skinner 答案:D

Which of the following is the correct componential analysis of the word ―milk‖?

A.[+DRINKS-LIQUID-COUNTABLE] B.[+FOOD-SOLID+COUNTABLE] C.[+FOOD+SOLID+COUNTABLE] D.[+DRINKS+LIQUID-COUNTABLE] 答案:D

‘I like both Chinese and western food‘ is a ___-place predication.A.no B.one C.two D.three 答案:C

Which of the following words is NOT a coined word? A.dacron B.kodak C.xerox D.gym 答案:D

Which of the following is a front, close and unrounded vowel? A.[u:] B.[i:] C.[u] D.[a:] 答案:B

Which of the following underlined parts is a derivational morpheme? A.larger B.data C.trainee D.Kate‘s 答案:C

Which of the following underlined parts is the complement of the phrase? A.a book on biology B.play basketball C.a rainy day D.dance happily 答案:B

Which of the following is a commissive? A.I‘m really sorry to hear that.B.I will bring you the book tomorrow without fail.C.You‘d better go and see her.D.I now declare the meeting open.答案:B

The word unreliable consists of _____ syllables as against _____ morphemes.A.four/three B.five/two C.five/three D.three/five

答案:A

Which of the following is a declaration? A.Open the door, please.B.I appoint you chairman of the committee.C.Would you like to go to the movie with us? D.I‘ve never seen her before.答案:B

The relation between ‗furniture‘ and ‗wardrobe‘ is ___.A.homophony B.homography C.hyponymy D.polysemy 答案:C

The word “realization” consists of _____ syllables as against _____ morphemes.A.five/five B.five/four C.four/three D.four/four 答案:C

‘Handsome‘ and ‗pretty‘ are ___.A.dialectal synonyms B.collocational synonyms C.stylistic synonyms

D.synonyms that differ in their emotive meaning 答案:B

The following underlined parts are termed specifier EXCEPT___? A.run quickly

B.always make mistakes C.very interesting D.the old man 答案:A

Which of the following best describes the relations between ―The police stopped the minors from drinking‖ and ―The minors were drinking‖?

A.The former is synonymous with the latter.B.The former is inconsistent with the latter.C.The former entails the latter.D.The former presupposes the latter.答案:D

The first consonants the child can make are made with the lips and they are ____.A.[p,b,n] B.[p,b,m] C.[t,d,n] D.[t,d,m] 答案:B

How many morphemes are there in the word ―disorderly‖? A.Two B.Three C.Four D.Five 答案:B

The nativist view of language acquisition is held by ____.A.Bloomfield B.Chomsky C.Saussure D.Skinner / 16

答案:B

Which of the following is an aspirated consonant? A.[f] B.[s] C.[k] D.[r] 答案:C

Which of the following word does NOT belong to the open classes? A.hate B.able C.the D.rapidly 答案:C

“Why don‘t you ask Mary for help?‖ is an instance of ____.A.representatives B.expressives C.directives D.commissives 答案:C

Which of the following pairs of words are homographs? A.sew---sow B.tear(a drop of liquid that flows from the eye)---tear(to pull apart)C.tec---tech D.mouth(a speech organ)---mouth(an entrance to a cave)答案:B

Language acquisition refers to the child‘s acquisition of his ____.A.first language B.second language C.foreign language D.target language 答案:A

Which of the following word belongs to the open classes? A.since B.for C.she D.language 答案:D

‘Candy‘ and ‗sweets‘ are ___.A.dialectal synonyms B.collocational synonyms C.stylistic synonyms D.synonyms that differ in their emotive meaning 答案:A

How many morphemes can we find in the word ‗internationalize‘? A.Three B.Four C.Five D.Six 答案:B

Which of the following is a representative? A.You‘d better go to see a doctor.B.I promise to buy you something when I come back.C.I now declare the meeting close.D.I have never seen the man before.答案:D

Which of the following pairs of words are homophones? A.flour---flower

B.lead(to guide)---lead(a kind of metal)

C.mouth(a speech organ)---mouth(an entrance to a cave)D.animal---cow 答案:A

‘She sings very well‘ is a ___-place predication.A.no B.one C.two D.three 答案:B

Which is the feature of the sound [l]? A.palatal B.glottal C.glide D.liquid 答案:D

‘True‘ and ‗false‘ are ___.A.gradable antonyms B.ungradable opposites C.relational opposites

D.complementary synonyms 答案:B

The words ―longer‖ and ―shorter‖ are ______ opposites.A.gradable B.ungradable C.relational

D.complementary 答案:C

Which of the following best describes the relations between ―He is an orphan‖ and ―His parents have died‖? A.The former is synonymous with the latter.B.The former is inconsistent with the latter.C.The former entails the latter.D.The former presupposes the latter.答案:A

‘Mr.Brown teaches us linguistics.‘ is a ___-place predication.A.no B.one C.two D.three 答案:D

The Great Wall belongs to ____ culture.A.material B.spiritual C.folk

D.none of the above 答案:A

Instances of mother tongue interference can be found at the level of ____.A.pronunciation B.syntax C.vocabulary

D.all of the above 答案:D / 16

A linguist is interested in what is said, not what he thinks ought to be said, therefore a linguist would NOT prefer to be a(n)____.A.observer B.judge C.analyser of facts D.recorder of facts 答案:B

Which of the following underlined parts is an inflectional morpheme? A.books B.rename C.active D.sleepy 答案:A

Which side(s)of muscles of ours does our left brain control? A.both left and right B.left C.right D.sometimes left, sometimes right 答案:C

Which of the following is an example of overgeneralization? A.eyes B.ears C.sheep D.foots 答案:D

Which of the following is the hyponym of the word ―furniture‖? A.house B.kitchen C.article D.wardrobe 答案:D

‘Commence‘ and ‗begin‘ are ___.A.dialectal synonyms B.collocational synonyms C.stylistic synonyms D.synonyms that differ in their emotive meaning 答案:C

‘It is 8 o‘clock‘ is a ___-place predication.A.no B.one C.two D.three 答案:A

“It‘s cold.‖ is a _____-place predication.A.no B.one C.two D.three 答案:A

Which of the following best describes the relations between ―He paid a visit to Japan.‖ and ―He paid a visit to East Asia.‖? A.The former is synonymous with the latter.B.The former is inconsistent with the latter.C.The former entails the latter.D.The former presupposes the latter.4 / 16

答案:C

The words ―subway‖ and ―underground‖ are ______ synonyms.A.near B.dialectal

C.collocationally-restricted D.stylistic 答案:B

Which of the following underlined parts is a bound morpheme? A.relationship B.bedroom C.milkman D.childlike 答案:A

The following sounds belong to the same natural class EXCEPT ___.A.[d] B.[s] C.[u] D.[i:] 答案:B

“Up you go, chaps!‖ belongs to ____ language.A.intimate B.frozen

C.consultative D.casual 答案:A

Which of the following best describes the relations between ―Alice‘s brother is in UK.‖ and ―Alice has a brother.‖? A.The former is synonymous with the latter.B.The former is inconsistent with the latter.C.The former entails the latter.D.The former presupposes the latter.答案:D

The linguist that distinguishes three social variables(Field, Mode, Tenor)that determine the register is ____.A.Chomsky B.Halliday C.Bloomfield D.Firth 答案:B

How many syllables are there in the word ―rhythmical‖? A.Three B.Four C.Five D.Ten 答案:A

Which of the following pairs of words are complete homonyms? A.flour---flower

B.lead(to guide)---lead(a kind of metal)C.heroin---horoine D.criket---criket 答案:D

The word ‗predigestion‘ is composed of two morphemes.答案:错误

The words ‗flat‘ and ‗apartment‘ are stylistic synonyms.答案:错误 If Smith said to you in a supermarket, ' I am thirsty now, but I have no money with me' , then his perlocutionary act is your buying him a coca-cola.答案:正确

B probably means that A should not laugh at him since they know each other, in the dialogue below: A: Are you a good student? B: Are you? 答案:正确

Semantics is the study of word meaning.答案:错误

Performance is the focus of Chomsky‘s linguistic study.答案:错误

F.de Saussure was a Swiss linguist.答案:正确

The narrowing of space between the hard palate and the front of the tongue results in the sound [j].答案:正确

A phone does not necessarily distinguish meaning.答案:正确

In ‗a book about ghosts‘, the complement is ‗ghosts‘.答案:错误

According to Austin, ' He is a boy.' is a constative.答案:正确

Sound changes tend to be systematic.答案:正确

Pragmatics is the study of meaning in context of language use.答案:正确

Displacement of language means language use in a far-away place.答案:错误

Linguistics is scientific because it is helpful to language use.答案:错误

If I said to you, ' It' s very stuffy here.' , then my illocutionary act may be asking you to switch on the air-conditioner.答案:正确

B' s reply violates the maxim of quality in the dialogue below: A: Where do you live? B: In South China Normal University.答案:错误

Morphology is the study of sentences.答案:错误

ISBN means International Standard Book Number.答案:正确

One of the most important features of bilingualism is the specialization of function of the two varieties.答案:错误

/ 16

Context refers to the relation between lines or paragraphs of a text.答案:错误

B probably means that he doesn' t want to make any comment on the lecture, in the dialogue below: A: What do you think of the lecture?(The speech maker is coming)B: Do we have classes this evening? 答案:正确

Linguistics is generally divided into general and specific linguistics.答案:错误

The word ' quake' is the result of back-formation.答案:错误

The word ' education' comes from Latin.答案:正确

Computer language is one of the sources that have influenced the English language.答案:正确

A prominent phonological feature of Black English is the deletion of the consonant at the end of a word, as in ' desk' [des].答案:正确

If a child calls every man ' Daddy' , then he is over-extending the meaning of the word ' Daddy'.答案:正确

The human brain is divided into two sections, the brain stem and the cerebrum.答案:正确

' Do not say what you believe to be false' is a maxim of relation.答案:错误

Linguistics deals with a particular language.答案:错误

Sociolinguistics deals with the relation between language and society.答案:正确

Writing is more basic than speech.答案:错误

The word ' silly' used to mean ' happy' in Old English.答案:正确

A typical example of a bilingual community is an ethnic ghetto where most of the inhabitants are either immigrants or children of immigrants.答案:正确

Language plays a major role in socializing the people and perpetuating culture, especially in print form.答案:正确

The sentence ' Himself saw John.' is acceptable in English.答案:错误

According to Chomsky, the internalization of a set of rules about his language enables a speaker to produce and understand an infinitely large number of sentences and recognize sentences that are ungrammatical and ambiguous.答案:正确

‘Teach-in‘ is a compound word.答案:正确

The –s in ‗works‘ of ‗He works hard.‘ is a bound morpheme.答案:正确

‘Mary is single.‘ is inconsistent with ‗Mary is married.‘

答案:正确

According to Austin, ' I bet you sixpence it will be fine this evening.' is a performative.答案:正确

Details of language system are genetically transmitted.答案:错误

Syntax is the study of the rules of words.答案:错误

By ' He wanted me to come' , a learner produced such an incorrect sentence as ' He hoped me to come'.This constitutes the situation of cross-association.答案:错误

The greatest source of modification of the air stream is found in the oral cavity.答案:正确

The word ' dinner' comes from French.答案:正确

People in the West End in London speak differently from the East Enders.答案:正确

In English, the word ' blue' is associated with unhappy feelings.答案:正确

Victor, a wild child, who was deprived of language contact for 12 years, was trained by Itard, but could only speak only two words in the end.答案:正确

According to Littlewood, the first language study has served as a backcloth for perceiving and understanding new facts about second language learning.答案:正确

In TG, determiner is often written as Det.答案:正确

A phoneme is a phonetic unit.答案:错误

The words ‗buy‘ and ‗purchase‘ are dialectal synonyms.6 / 16

答案:错误

Linguistics is the systematic study of language.答案:正确

Parole is a French word;it means the concrete language events.答案:正确

Duality of language means language is a two-level system.答案:正确

English is a tone language.答案:错误

In the sense set < freshman, sophomore, junior, senior> , ‗junior‘ and ‗senior‘ are co-hyponyms.答案:正确

' Make your contribution as informative as required(for the current purpose of the exchange).' belongs to the maxim of quality.答案:错误

About two thirds of languages in the world have not had written form.答案:正确

Diachronic linguistics is also called historical linguistics.答案:正确

The task of a linguist is to discover the nature and rules of the underlying language system 答案:正确

The word ' videophone' is an acronym.答案:错误

The word ' holiday' has gone through the widening of meaning.答案:正确

Accent is an important marker of sociolect.答案:正确

[ei] is a monophthong.答案:错误

‘His dumb boy spoke good English.‘ is a contradiction.答案:正确

' The room is air-conditioned.' is an expressive.答案:错误

Left-handers are generally less lateralized for language than right-handers.答案:正确

If you scratch your nose with your left hand, it is the right hemisphere that has controlled the actions.答案:正确

[h] is the glottal sound.答案:正确

‘I have been to Beijing.‘ entails ‗I have been to North China.‘ 答案:正确

' I fire you!' is a commissive.答案:错误

Phonology studies how a sound is produced.答案:错误

Synchronic linguistics deals with a series of language phenomena at the same time.答案:错误

The word ' videophone' is an acronym.答案:错误

The term ' diglossia' was first used by Ferguson in 1959.答案:正确

The pronunciation of ' this' as ' dis' is very likely to be caused by interlingual interference.答案:正确

The words ‗doctor‘ and ‗patient‘ are relational synonyms.答案:正确

Linguists are interested in all sounds.答案:错误

Phonetics studies human sound patterning and the meaning of sounds in communication.答案:错误

Langue means competence.答案:错误

Arbitrariness of language means language can be used freely.答案:错误

N.Chomsky is an American linguist.答案:正确

Different styles of the same language can be revealed through differences at syntactic, lexical and phonological levels.答案:正确

It is standard practice for an English native student to greet his teacher before a lecture by saying ' Good morning, teacher!'.答案:错误

Language acquisition is concerned with the acquisition of a foreign language.答案:错误

Some subtle grammatical distinctions may not be mastered much before the age of ten.答案:正确

There have been some 2,500 languages in the world.答案:错误

[k], [g] and [n] are velar sounds.7 / 16

答案:错误

Tsled‘ is a possible word in English.答案:错误

Chomsky regards competence as an act of doing things with a sentence.答案:错误

The expression ' It' s me' is Not acceptable in English.答案:错误

For the British people, the Chinese greeting ' Have you had dinner?' would turn into ' It' s fine today, isn' t it?'.答案:正确

Such sentences as ' there are more and more people want to be a postgraduate student' indicate the Chinese transfer errors.答案:正确

Phonology is of a general nature.答案:错误

The word ' mice' , which is pronounced as [mais], was pronounced as [mi:s] in Middle English.答案:正确

Psycholinguistics deals with the relation of language to psychology.答案:正确

The word ' meat' we use now has gone through the narrowing of meaning.答案:正确

Pidgins came from a blending of a few languages.答案:正确

Intercultural communication is also called cross-cultural communication.答案:正确

The expression ' mummy play ball' is typical of telegraphic speech.答案:正确

General linguistics does not study theories of language.答案:错误

The word ' beer' comes from German.答案:正确

Subjects take less time to make judgment on frequently used words than on less common words.This is called the frequency effect.答案:正确

' We have never met before.' is a representative.答案:正确

The use of the expressions ' to update' , ' to host' and ' to check up' indicates the influence of American English.答案:正确 The Chinese ' uncle' means the same as the British ' uncle'.答案:错误

It is acceptable to translate ' Every dog has his day.' into ' 每条狗都有自己的日子。'.答案:错误

A target language is always a foreign language.答案:错误

Most right-handers are left lateralized for language.答案:正确

Phonetics deals with speech sounds in all human languages.答案:正确

The word ‗unsad‘ is acceptable in English.答案:错误

The word ' meat' we use now has gone through the narrowing of meaning.答案:正确

The test where subjects are played two different words or sounds twice, one into each ear, is called dichotic listening.答案:正确

In XP, X refers to any such head as N, V, A or P.答案:正确

The words ‗shock‘ and ‗surprise‘ are semantically different synonyms.答案:正确

Course in General Linguistics was published in 1889.答案:错误

The limited range of sounds that are meaningful in human communication constitute the phonic medium of language.答案:正确

' I will return the book to you soon.' is an expressive.答案:错误

Received Pronunciation in British English is a dialect of London that is representative of standard English.答案:错误

Compounding is a very common and frequent process for enlarging the vocabulary of the English language.答案:正确

‘His friend is coming.‘ presupposes ‗He has a friend.‘ 答案:正确

The word ' fridge' is a loan word.答案:错误

The word ' tea' is a loan word from Chinese.答案:正确

Of ' reply' and ' answer' , the latter is more formal.8 / 16

答案:错误

If you were a Cantonese and talked to a person from Shanghai, then you were having intercultural communication.答案:错误

UNESCO is a blend.答案:错误

The word ' baby-sit' is a word from back-formation.答案:正确

You can never ask an English native the question of his name or age.答案:错误

Broca' s aphasics show that a patient who cannot pronounce the word spoon will also not be able to write it correctly.答案:正确

B probably means that it is impolite to ask about her age, in the dialogue below: A: How old are you? B: I am 80.答案:正确

The words ‗politician‘ and ‗statesman‘ are collocational synonyms.答案:错误

The English pronoun ' our' has experienced a process of simplification from Old English.答案:正确

General linguistics deals with the general aspects of language application.答案:错误

It is proper in English to say ' no, no' in response to such a praise as ' You' ve made good progress.' to show one' s modesty.答案:错误

N.Chomsky claims that men are biologically programmed for language.答案:正确

The word ‗unacceptability‘ has four morphemes.答案:正确

' Open the door!' is a directive.答案:正确

The use of such sentences as ' I ain' t afraid of no ghosts' to mean ' I' m not afraid of ghosts' is one of the syntactic features of Black English.答案:正确

[i] is a semi-close vowel.答案:错误

The sounds [z] and [∫] are among the consonants that are supposed to be acquired with most difficulty by a child.答案:正确 The innatists hold that children could not discover the rules of reflexive pronouns by trial and error.答案:正确

The deletion of the link verb ' be' as in ' You crazy' is typical of the syntax of Black English.答案:正确

The behaviourist view of LA was not prevalent until the 1960s.答案:错误

Phrases can consist of just one word, but more often they contain other elements as well.答案:正确

The word ' mike' is a clipped word.答案:正确

The word ' home' was written as ' hām' in Old English.答案:正确

The Eskimos have far more words for snow than the English natives in that ' snow' is more crucial to the life of the former.答案:正确

' The shooting of the man' is ambiguous.答案:正确

The words ‘lead’(领导)and ‘lead’(铅球)are homographs.答案:正确

Applied linguistics means the language application to specific areas.答案:错误

The word ' dog' often conjures up different images in the US and Hong Kong.答案:正确

The word ‗boy‘ is a free morpheme.答案:正确

The word ' question' is a word borrowed from French.答案:正确

One possible account of the increasing use of ' cheap' instead of ' cheaply' in ' He got it cheap.' is that of the ' theory of least effort'.答案:正确

Phonetic similarity, not phonetic identity, is the criterion with which we operate in the phonological analysis of languages.答案:正确

An RP accent often serves as a high status marker.答案:正确

The innatists hold that children could not discover the rules of reflexive pronouns by trial and error.答案:正确

' 鸭不吃了。' is NOT an ambiguous sentence.答案:错误

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Borrowing 答案:

Borrowing refers to the use of words in a language from another language of a different culture, e.g.in English, bonus—Latin;dinner—French.Productive morphological rules 答案:

Productive morphological rules refer to the morphological rules(such as the ‗un-+ Adj.=not +Adj.‘ rule)that can be used quite freely to form new words.Speech variety 答案:

Speech variety refers to any distinguishable form of speech used by a speaker or a group of speakers.It is also termed ‗language variety‘.Neurolinguistics 答案:

Neurolinguistics is the study of the relationship between brain and language.It includes research into how the structure of the brain influences language learning, how and in which parts of the brain language is stored, and how damage to the brain affects the ability to use language.Functional words 答案:

Functional words are grammatical words such as the article ‗the‘ in English, which do not express the content of objects in the world.Closed class words 答案:

Closed class words include grammatical or functional words, to whose classes new words are not usually added, as

conjunctions, prepositions, articles and pronouns in English.Intrinsic motivation 答案:

Intrinsic motivation refers to the drive that learners learn a second language for enjoyment or pleasure from learning.Performatives 答案:

Performatives are sentences that do not state a fact or describe a state, and are not verifiable(‗I name this ship Elizabeth‘).Predication 答案:

Predication refers to the abstraction of the meaning of a sentence;it consists of ‗argument(s)‘ and ‗predicate‘.An argument is a logical participant in a predication, largely identical with the nominal element(s)in a sentence.A

predicate is something said about an argument or it states the logical relation linking the arguments in a sentence.Sentence meaning 答案:

Sentence meaning is the abstract, intrinsic property of the sentence itself in terms of predication.Aphasia 答案:

Aphasia refers to the partial or total loss of language due to brain damage.Atypical development 答案: Atypical development refers to the abnormal language development in linguistics, which includes hearing impairment, mental retardation, autism, stuttering, aphasia, dyslexia, and dysgraphia.Error analysis 答案: Error analysis refers to the analysis of learners‘ errors, which involves first independently or objectively, describing the learners‘ interlanguage, then a comparison of their version of the target language and the target language itself is followed to locate mismatches.Contrastive analysis 答案: Contrastive analysis is a kind of analysis which compares features of the native language and target language(the forms and meanings)to spot the mismatches or differences so that people could predict learners‘ difficulty.Psycholinguistics 答案: Psycholinguistics is the study of language processing;it is concerned with the processes of language comprehension and production.synchronic linguistics 答案: Synchronic linguistics deals with the description of a language at some point of time in history.Modern linguistics is primarily synchronic linguistics.Head 答案: Head is the word around which a phrase is formed.Infl 答案: Infl is an abstract category inflection as the head of a sentence, which indicates the tense and agreement of the sentence.Cognitive strategies 答案: Cognitive strategies are strategies involved in analyzing, synthesis, and internalizing what has been learned.Metacognitive strategies 答案: Metacognitive strategies are the techniques in planning, monitoring and evaluating one‘s learning.Expressives 答案: Expressives are the speaker‘s attempts to express his feelings or attitude towards an existing state, e.g.‗I‘m sorry for being late.‘, ‗It‘s very kind of you to give me advice.‘

Commissives 答案: Commissives are the speaker‘s attempts to commit the speaker himself to some future course of action, e.g.‗I promise to come.‘, ‗I will call you tomorrow morning without fail.‘

Connotative meaning

答案:

Connotative meaning refers to the meaning triggered by a word through associations.Intralingual errors 答案:

Intralingual errors refer to errors mainly resulting from faulty or partial learning of the target language, independent of the native language, which include learning strategies-based errors, communication strategies-based errors, induced errors, and some compound and ambiguous errors.Regional dialect 答案:

Regional dialect is a linguistic variety used by people living in the same geographical region.Pidgin 答案:

A pidgin is a special language variety that mixes or blends languages and it is used by people who speak different languages for restricted purposes such as trading.Linguistic relativity 答案:

Linguistic relativity refers to the fact that different languages offer people different ways of expressing the world around, and they think and speak differently.Blending 答案:

Blending refers to the formation of a word by combining parts of other words, e.g.smog—smoke + fog;motel—motor + hotel.Double articulation 答案:

Double articulation refers to the duality of structure, the fact that language is a system, which consists of two sets of

structures, or two levels.At the lower or the basic level there is a structure of sounds, which are meaningless by themselves.But the sounds of language can be grouped and regrouped into a large number of units of meaning, which are found at the higher level of the system.Language aptitude 答案:

Language aptitude in second language acquisition refers to a natural ability for learning a second language.Idiolect 答案:

Idiolect is a personal dialect of an individual speaker that

combines elements regarding regional, social, gender, and age variations.Phoneme 答案:

A phoneme is a phonological unit of distinctive value.It is an abstract unit;it is not any particular sound, but rather it is represented or realized by a certain phone in a certain

phonetic context.For example, /p/ is a phoneme in the English sound system, which is realized as aspirated(as in ‗peak‘)or unaspirated(as in ‗speak‘)in different contexts.Assimilation rule 答案:

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The assimilation rule is a rule that assimilates one sound to another by ‗copying‘ a feature of a sequential phoneme, thus making the two phones similar(as in ‗impossible‘).Cultural transmission 答案: Cultural transmission refers to the fact that language is culturally transmitted.In other words, language is passed on from one generation to the next through teaching and learning, rather than by instinct.Matrix clause 答案: Matrix clause is a construction in which the complement phrase is embedded, as shown below: She reads books that are interesting.Utterance meaning 答案: Utterance meaning is the realization of the abstract meaning of a sentence in a real situation of communication, or in a context.Resultative motivation 答案: Resultative motivation refers to the drive that learners learn a second language for external purposes.Transformation 答案: Transformation is a special type of rule that can move an element of a sentence from one position to another.Interference 答案: Interference is the negative or distorting effect that new learning can have on previous learning or that previous learning can have on new learning.Interlingual errors 答案: Interlingual errors refer to errors mainly resulting from cross-linguistic interference at different levels such as phonological, lexical, grammatical or discoursal, etc.Top-down processing 答案: Top-down processing refers to the spontaneous and automatic interpretation of a sentence on the basis of whatever information is available before the analysis of all the phonemes in the sentence.Language acquisition 答案: Language acquisition refers to the child‘s acquisition of his mother tongue, i.e.how the child comes to understand and speak the language of his community.Mental retardation 答案: Mental retardation refers to the language impairment of mental ability that may cause a delayed language acquisition.Directives 答案: Directives are the speaker‘s attempts to get the hearer to do something, e.g.‗Turn on the light!‘, ‗You‘d better read the book.‘, ‗Your money or your life!‘

Bilingualism 答案:

Bilingualism refers to the case in which two languages are

used side by side with each having a different role to play, and language switching occurs when the situation changes.Material culture 答案:

Material culture is the concrete, substantial and observable aspect of the life of a people.Iconic meaning 答案:

Iconic meaning refers to the meaning when a word invokes images to people.Behaviorism 答案:

Behaviorism holds the view that the meaning of a language form is the ‗situation in which the speaker utters it and the response it calls forth in the hearer.‘

Functional shift 答案:

Functional shift refers to the phenomenon of words shifting from one part of speech to another without the addition of affixes, e.g.shoulder(n.)—shoulder(v.).Back-formation 答案:

Back-formation refers to the formation of a word by

‗subtracting‘ an affix thought to be part of the old word, e.g.edit—editor;beg—beggar.Fossilization 答案:

Fossilization refers to a process occurring from time to time in which incorrect linguistic features become a permanent part of the way a person speaks or writes a language.Selectional restrictions 答案:

Selectional restrictions refer to the constraints on what lexical items can go with what others.Universal Grammar 答案:

Universal Grammar refers to the innate endowment to discover language‘s structure by matching the innate knowledge of basic grammatical system to that particular language.Syntax 答案:

Syntax is a branch of linguistics that studies how words are combined to form sentences and the rules that govern the formation of sentences.Locutionary act 答案:

Locutionary act is the act of uttering words, phrases, clauses, the act of conveying literal meaning by means of syntax, lexicon and phonology.Productivity 答案:

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Productivity refers to the fact that language makes possible the construction and interpretation of new signals by its users, which is why they can produce and understand an infinitely large number of sentences, including sentences they have never heard before.This feature is unique to human language.Spiritual culture 答案: Spiritual culture is mostly the abstract, ambiguous, and hidden aspect of the life of a people, or the products of mind(such as ideologies, beliefs, values and concepts of time and space).Open class words 答案: Open class words are the content words of a language, to whose classes new words can regularly be added, as nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs in English

Linguistic repertoire 答案: Linguistic repertoire refers to the totality of linguistic varieties possessed by an individual.Dyslexia 答案: Dyslexia refers to the disorders in reading which may be acquired or developmental.Sociolect 答案: Sociolect refers to the linguistic variety characteristic of a particular social class.Denotative meaning 答案: Denotative meaning is the meaning that can be found in a dictionary.Representatives 答案: Representatives are the speaker‘s attempts to state or describe, say what the speaker believes to be true, e.g.‗I have never been to England before.‘, ‗The man is a rich man.‘

Interlanguage 答案: According to Selinker, interlanguage refers to an abstract system of learner‘s target language system.It has now been widely used to refer to the linguistic expressions learners produce especially the wrong or not idiomatic ones.Ethnic dialect 答案: Ethnic dialect is a social dialect of a language that cuts across regional differences;it is mainly spoken by a less privileged population that has experienced some form of social isolation such as racial discrimination or segregation.Micro-sociolinguistics 答案: Micro-sociolinguistics refers to the study of society from the point of view of an individual member within it, or a worm‘s-eye view of language in use.Minimal pair 答案: A minimal pair is such a pair of different forms as identical in every way except for one sound segment which occurs in the same place in the strings(as ‗pill‘ and ‗till‘).Morphology 答案:

Morphology is the study of the internal structure of words and the rules for word formation.Intonation 答案:

Intonation is the collective expression of meaning when pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolation.Contextualism 答案:

Contextualism holds the view that meaning should be studied in terms of situation, use, context– elements closely linked with language behaviour.Diglossia 答案:

Diglossia refers to a sociolinguistic situation where two varieties of a language exist side by side throughout the community, with each having a definite role to play.Dysgraphia 答案:

Dysgraphia refers to the disorders in writing which may be acquired or developmental.Grammaticality 答案:

Grammaticality refers to the grammatical meaning of a

linguistic unit(such as ‗a sentence‘), which is governed by the grammatical rules of the language.Perlocutionary act 答案:

Perlocutionary act is the act performed by or resulting from saying something, the consequence of, or the change brought about by the utterance;it is the act performed by saying something.Diachronic linguistics 答案:

Diachronic linguistics deals with the description of a language as it changes through time, or the study of its historical development over a period of time.Traditional grammar tended to favor diachronic linguistics.Deletion rule 答案:

The deletion rule is a phonological rule that tells us when a sound is to be deleted although it is orthographically

represented.For example, [g] deletion occurs before a final nasal consonant, as in ‗signature‘.Learning strategies 答案:

Learning strategies are learners‘ conscious goal-oriented and problem-solving based efforts to achieve learning efficiency.Bottom-up processing 答案:

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Bottom-up processing is such an inductive analysis as to perform phonetic analysis, when one hears a sentence, to isolate phonemes and word boundaries, and to relate these to representations in the mental lexicon.Constatives 答案: Constatives are statements that either state or describe, and thus verifiable(‗The dress is red‘).Acronym 答案: An acronym is a word derived from the initials of several words, e.g.IT—information technology;WTO—World Trade Organization.Instrumental motivation 答案: Instrumental motivation occurs when people learn a foreign language for external goals such as passing exams, financial rewards or furthering a career, etc.Naming theory 答案: The naming theory, proposed by the ancient Greek scholar Plato, is one of the oldest notions concerning meaning, according to which, the linguistic forms or symbols, in other words, the words used in a language are simply labels of the objects they stand for, and words are just names or labels for things.Category 答案: Category refers to a group of linguistic items which fulfill the same or similar functions in a particular language such as a sentence, a noun phrase or a verb.Conceptualism 答案: Conceptualism holds the view that relates words and things through the mediation of concepts of the mind.Macro-sociolinguistics 答案: Macro-sociolinguistics refers to the study of society as a whole, and of how language functions in it and how it reflects the social differentiations, i.e., a bird‘s-eye view of the languages used in society.Illocutionary act 答案: Illocutionary act is the act of expressing the speaker‘s intention, the act performed in saying something.Affect strategies 答案: Affect strategies are strategies that deal with the ways learners interact or communicate with other speakers, native or non-native.Declarations 答案: Declarations are the speaker‘s attempts to bring about immediate changes by saying(declaring)something, e.g.‗I now declare the meeting open.‘, ‗I fire you!‘

Displacement

答案:

Displacement is the property that language can be used to refer to things which are present or not present, real or

imagined matters in the past, present, or future, or in far-away places.This feature provides speakers with an opportunity to talk about a wide range of things, free from barriers caused by separation in time and place.Speech community 答案:

Speech community refers to the social group that is singled out for any special study.For general linguistics, it is a group of people who form a community and share the same language or a particular variety of a language.What is standard dialect? 答案:

Standard dialect is a superimposed, socially prestigious dialect of a language.It is the language employed by the government and the judiciary system, used by the mass media, and taught in educational institutions.It is a particular variety of a language in that it is not related to any particular group of language users, but it is the variety which any member of a speech community can possibly use regardless of his social and geographical backgrounds, his gender and age.What is minimal attachment strategy? 答案:

Minimal attachment strategy is that we prefer attaching new items into the phrase marker being constructed using the fewest syntactic nodes consistent with the rules of the language, e.g.Ernie kissed Marcie and her sister … It could be either

Ernie kissed [Marcie and her sister]…(minimal attachment)or

[Ernie kissed Marcie] and [her sister …]

What is the distinction between competence and performance? 答案:

According to Chomsky, competence is the ideal user‘s

knowledge of the rules of his language, while performance is the actual realization of the ideal user‘s knowledge of the rules of his language in linguistic communication.What is widening of lexical meaning? 答案:

The meaning of a word may change through time.The widening of lexical meaning is one kind of change in the

meaning of a word.This refers to the case when the meaning of a word becomes broader, that word means everything it

used to mean, and then more.Take the word ‗tail‘ for instance.It once referred to ‗the tail of a horse‘.But now it is used to mean ‗the tail of any animal‘.What is a phrase structure rule? 答案:

A phrase structure rule is a special type of grammatical

mechanism that regulates the arrangement of elements that make up a phrase.For instance, NP →(Det)N(PP)… VP →(Qual)V(NP)… AP →(Deg)A(PP)… PP →(Deg)P(NP)…

What is D-structure?

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答案: D-structure is deep structure, a syntactic structure formed by the XP rule in accordance with the head‘s subcategorization properties.How does a sentence differ from an utterance? 答案: A sentence and an utterance differ in that a sentence is a grammatical and self-contained unit in isolation from context, whereas utterance is something a speaker utters in a certain situation with a certain purpose.What are the similarities and differences between phonetics and phonology? 答案: Phonology and phonetics both study human speech sounds, but they differ in their approach and focus.Phonology deals with how speech sounds in a language form patterns and how these sounds are used to convey meaning in linguistic communication.Phonetics, however, is interested in all human speech sounds and deals with how they are produced, how they differ from each other, what phonetic features they possess, how they can be classified, and so on.Hence, phonetics is general, whereas phonology tends to be more specific and related to the meaningful use of the sounds.What is a garden path sentence? 答案: A garden path sentence is an awkward sentence that misleads the syntactic parser and takes it down the garden path to the wrong analysis, e.g.―The horse raced past the barn fell.‖

What is reference? 答案: Reference means what a linguistic form refers to in the real, physical world;it deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience.For instance, if we say ‗The dog is barking‘, we must be talking about a certain dog in the situation;here, ‗dog‘ refers to a dog known to both the speaker and the hearer.This is the reference of the word ‗dog‘ in this particular situation.What is the difference between traditional grammar and modern linguistics? 答案: The difference between traditional grammar and modern linguistics is that traditional grammar is prescriptive while modern linguistics is descriptive, that traditional grammar tended to emphasize the importance of writing while modern linguistics gives priority to speech, and that traditional grammar forced languages into a Latin-based framework while modern linguistics does not.What is narrowing of lexical meaning? 答案: This refers to the case that in the course of several generations, semantic change has narrowed the meaning of a word to what it is in Modern English.Take the word ‗girl‘ for instance.It once meant ‗young person of either sex‘ but now means ‗young people of female sex‘.What is culture? 答案: In a broad sense, culture means the total way of life of a people, including the patterns of belief, customs, objects, institutions, techniques, and language that characterizes the life of the human community.In a narrow sense, it may refer

to local or specific practice, beliefs or customs, which can be mostly found in folk culture, enterprise culture or food culture, etc.What are the possible different readings of the sentence ‗That‘s not the book he wants.‘? 答案:

The sentence ‗That‘s not the book he wants.‘ may have the following readings:

A.'That‘s 'not the 'book he ‗ wants.(falling tone: fact)

B.'That‘s 'not the 'book he ‚ wants.(rising tone: question)

C.‗ That‘s 'not the 'book he ‚ wants.(fall-rise tone: implying ‗some other book‘)

What is overgeneralization? 答案:

Overgeneralization is the use of previously available strategies in new situations, which results in mistakes, e.g.The girl is in a blue ski jacket.The girl is dressed in a blue ski jacket.* The girl is worn in a blue ski jacket.What are inflectional morphemes? 答案:

Inflectional morphemes are morphemes(such as ‗-s‘, ‗-es‘, ‗-ed‘ and ‗-ing‘)that are bound to other morphemes or words without changing their syntactic category.What are causes of language change? 答案:

Language change can be attributed to a variety of factors.Some language changes may be easy to explain, but others may be difficult to account for.For instance, it is clear to us that the rapid development of science and technology has led to the creation of many new words(such as ‗telecom‘, ‗fax‘).In addition, social and political changes and political needs have supplied the English

vocabulary with a great quantity of new words and expressions(such as ‗hot line‘, ‗shuttle diplomacy‘).What is more, as more and more women have taken up activities formerly reserved for men, more neutral job titles(such as ‗chairperson‘, ‗police officer‘)have been created.Furthermore, the way acquire the language also provides a basic cause of change.Still another source of change which can be regarded as ‗economy of memory‘ results in grammar simplification(such as

‗agendum—agenda/agendums‘).It is true that there is no single cause of language change.When we account for language change, we may find it quite a complicated phenomenon.What are derivational morphemes? 答案:

Derivational morphemes refer to morphemes(such as ‗-ic‘ and ‗-ism‘)that can be conjoined to other morphemes or words to derive a new word.What is predication analysis? 答案:

It is a way proposed by the British linguist G.Leech to analyze sentence meaning, by which the basic unit of a sentence called predication consists of argument(s)and predicate, e.g.The predication of ―Tom is smoking.‖ is: TOM(SMOKE).What is Spoonerism? 答案:

Spoonerism is a kind of humorous slips of tongue, named after the Victorian cleric and teacher, W.A.Spooner, who was infamous for blundering through many lectures or sermons with humorous speech errors such as below:

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What he intended: You have wasted the whole term.What he said: You have tasted the whole worm.What are langue and parole, and how are they different? 答案: Langue refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.It is the set of conventions and rules which language users all have to abide by.Whereas parole refers to the realization of langue in actual use.It is the concrete use of the conventions and the application of the rules, or the naturally occurring language events.Langue is the abstract linguistic system whereas parole is concrete and is the realization of langue in actual use.Langue is relatively stable, while parole varies from person to person and from situation to situation.What is the difference between prescriptive and descriptive linguistics? 答案: The difference between prescriptive and descriptive linguistics is that prescriptive linguistics is to lay down rules for language users, whereas descriptive linguistics is to describe the language phenomena as they are.Therefore, the former is subjective, while the latter is objective and more scientific

What is over-extension? 答案: Over-extension refers to the phenomenon of a child taking a property of an object and generalizing it inappropriately, e.g.‗apple‘ for ‗all fruit‘ or ‗anything round‘.What is componential analysis? 答案: It is a way proposed by the structural semanticists to analyze word meaning into semantic features, using such labels as ‗+HUMAN‘, ‗+ADULT‘, ‗+ANIMATE‘, ‗+MALE‘, and so on.Componential analysis makes it possible to show how the words analyzed are related in meaning.What is the difference between general linguistics and applied linguistics? 答案: General linguistics studies the basic concepts, theories, descriptions, models and methods applicable in any linguistic study, in contrast to those branches of study which relate linguistics to the research of other areas.But applied linguistics refers to the study of the application of findings in linguistic studies to the solution of such practical problems as the recovery of speech ability;in a narrow sense applied linguistics refers to the application of linguistic theories and principles to language teaching, especially the teaching of foreign and second languages.What is the behaviourist view of language acquisition? 答案: The behaviourist view of language acquisition is that language is behavior and that language learning is simply a matter of imitation and habit formation.What is telegraphic speech? 答案: Telegraphic speech refers to content words which give us the information and which lack the function elements.What are the three social variables of register? 答案:

The three social variables of register are field of discourse, tenor of discourse, and mode of discourse.Field of discourse refers to what is going on: the area of operation of the

language activity.It answers the questions of ‗why‘ and ‗about what‘ communication takes place.Tenor of discourse refers to the role of relationship in the situation in question: who the participants in the communication groups are and in what relationship they stand to each other.It answers the question of ‗to whom‘ the speaker is communicating.Mode of discourse mainly refers to the means of communication.It is concerned with ‗how‘ communication is carried out.What is the interactionist view of language acquisition? 答案:

The interactionist view of language acquisition is that language develops as a result of the complex interplay between the human characteristics of the child and the environment in which the child develops.What is motherese? 答案:

Motherese is a ―special‖ speech adults use in talking to little children with slow rate of speech, high pitch, rich intonation, shorter and simpler sentence structures, frequent repetition, paraphrasing and limited vocabulary.It is also termed ‗caretaker talk‘ or child directed speech.Phonetics looks at speech sounds from three perspectives.What are they? 答案:

Phonetics looks at speech sounds from three distinct but related perspectives: the speaker, the hearer, and the way sound travel.This gives rise to three branches of phonetics: articulatory phonetics;auditory phonetics;acoustic phonetics.Articulatory phonetics is a study of sounds from the speaker‘s point of view, i.e., how a speaker uses his speech organs to articulate the sounds.Auditory phonetics is a study of sounds from the hearer‘s point of view, i.e., how the sounds are

perceived by the hearer.Acoustic phonetics is a study of how sounds travel by looking at the sound waves, the physical means by which sounds are transmitted through the air from one person to another.What is under-extension? 答案:

Under-extension refers to the phenomenon of a child denying some fact due to his lack of adequate knowledge, e.g.a child may say that birds are not animals.How are sentence meaning and utterance meaning different from each other? 答案:

Sentence meaning is the abstract, intrinsic property of the sentence itself in terms of predication.Whereas utterance meaning is the realization of the abstract meaning of a

sentence in a real situation of communication, or in a context.So the difference between sentence meaning and utterance meaning is that the former is abstract and decontextualized, while the latter is concrete and context-dependent.What is sense? 答案:

Sense is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form.It is the collection of all the features of the linguistic form;it is abstract and de-contextualized.It is the aspect of meaning dictionary compilers are interested in, like the definition of ‗dog‘ as ‗a domesticated canine mammal，occurring in many breeds that show a great variety in size and form‘

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What is the Input Hypothesis? 答案: According to Krashen, the only way learners can acquire language is by receiving comprehensible input, which is defined as ‗i+1‘, where ‗i‘ represents learners‘ current state of knowledge, and the next stage is an ‗i+1‘.That is, learners have to receive input that is just beyond their competence but not beyond their understanding.This is termed the Input Hypothesis.However, this hypothesis was later modified so that comprehensible input was a necessary but not sufficient condition for acquisition.Learners have to also have the right environment and circumstances to allow comprehensible input to work.A learner's affective filter has to be low;they have to be free of stress and motivated.What is the difference between sense and reference?

答案: The difference between sense and reference is that sense is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form, whereas reference deals with what a linguistic form refers to in the real, physical world.what is the relationship between pragmatics and semantics? 答案: The relation between pragmatics and semantics is that both are linguistic studies of meaning.But they differ in that semantics traditionally studies meanings of words, meanings of sentences in isolation from language use, whereas pragmatics studies meanings in the context of language use.What is the innatist view of language acquisition? 答案: The innatist view of language acquisition is that human beings are biologically programmed for language and that the language develops in the child just as other biological functions such as walking.This innate ability is first referred to as Language Acquisition Device(LAD), and later as Universal Grammar(UG).Chomsky holds that if children are pre-equipped with UG, then what they have to learn is the ways in which their own language makes use of these principles and the variations on those principles which may exist in the particular language they are learning.What is context? 答案: Context is generally considered as constituted by the knowledge shared by the speaker and the hearer(e.g.knowledge of the language they use, knowledge of what has been said before, knowledge about the world in general, knowledge about the specific situation in which linguistic communication is taking place, and knowledge about each other).What are free morphemes? 答案: Free morphemes are morphemes(such as ‗boy‘ and ‗play‘)that can occur independently and freely.What is conversational implicature? 答案: Conversational implicature is a nonconventional implicature based on an addressee‘s assumption that the speaker is following the conversational maxims or at least the cooperative principle.It occurs when any of the four maxims is violated.What are the recent trends of the English language?

答案:

The recent trends of the English language include moving

towards greater informality, the influence of American English, and the influence of science and technology.How do broad and narrow transcription differ from each other? 答案:

Broad transcription is the transcription with letter-symbols only.While narrow transcription is the transcription with diacritics.For instance, the sound [l] is transcribed as dark or clear

sound in different contexts.Narrow transcription is widely used in today‘s textbooks and dictionaries.What are usually the differences between English and Chinese in response to compliments? 答案:

The native English speakers tend to accept compliments more directly and frankly than the native Chinese speakers.The westerners usually express their ‗thanks‘ positively to those who offer compliments, whereas the Chinese often feel embarrassed when they hear compliments like ‗You speak excellent English‘, and show their modesty by saying something like ‗no, no‘.what are the differences between traditional grammar ａnd modern linguistics?

答案

The first difference: modern linguistics is descriptive rather than prescriptive.That is linguists try to make statements which are testable, and take language as it is rather than say how it should be.The second difference: modern linguistics regards spoken rather than written language as primary.Traditional grammar tends to emphasize the importance of written language and the writings.The third difference:

modern linguistics does not force languages into a Latin-based framework.In the past, Latin was considered the language that provided a universal grammar for all languages.Here is a form I found from the internet and it can show the differences between traditional grammar and modern linguistics simply.16 / 16

第四篇：2017年秋-华师在线-《大学英语预备级》在线作业92分

2017秋华师高起专《大学英语预备级》平时作业

1．第1题

The first textbook（）for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A.writing B.written C.to write D.to be written 答案:B

您的答案：B 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0

2．第2题

Look, a group of

are playing football.A.child B.children C.girl D.boy 答案:B

您的答案：B 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0

3．第3题

if you knock into someone ｏr get in his way, you should say, “（A.Excuse me, I beg your pardon B.Pardon, I’m sorry C.Excuse me, I’m sorry

D.Pardon me, I beg your Pardon 答案:C

您的答案：C 题目分数：2.0）”.此题得分：2.0

4．第4题

If I had remembered()the door, the things would not have been stolen.A.to lock B.to have locked C.locking D.having locked 答案:C

您的答案：A 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：0.0

5．第5题

A party is the()activity I want to take part in.A.just B.good C.most D.very 答案:D 您的答案：D 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0

6．第6题

My house is very()for getting to work as it is only a few minutes from the station.A.comfortable B.suitable C.convenient D.free 答案:C

您的答案：C 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0

7．第7题

it’s a fine day.Let’s go fishing,()? A.won’t we B.will we C.don’t we D.shall we 答案:D

您的答案：D 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0

8．第8题

Millions of pounds’ worth of damage()by a storm which swept across the north of England last night.A.has been caused B.have been caused C.will be caused D.will have been caused 答案:A

您的答案：A 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0

9．第9题

I finally got the job I dreamed about.Never in my life()so excited.A.did I feel B.I felt C.I had felt D.had I felt 答案:C

您的答案：D 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：0.0

10．第10题

(), the boy couldn’t enter his house.A.Since the key has lost B.The key was lost C.Lost the key D.Having lost the key 答案:D

您的答案：D 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0

11．第11题 We told you that he would come tonight,()? A.didn’t we B.did we C.would he D.wouldn’t he 答案:A

您的答案：A 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0

12．第12题

–Mum, it is nice weather.I want to skate this afternoon.--Don’t you think the ice on the lake is too thin to()your weight? A.stand B.bear C.catch D.take 答案:B

您的答案：B 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0

13．第13题

No sooner()to bed than he heard a knock at the door.A.had he gone B.he had gone C.did he go D.he went 答案:A

您的答案：A 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0

14．第14题

The problem of housing()leads to the problem of social instability.A.itself B.must C.did D.never 答案:A 您的答案：C 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：0.0

15．第15题

（）up at the clock on the wall, the secretary found it was already midnight.A.Looking B.Look C.To look D.Looked 答案:A

您的答案：A 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0

16．第16题

They regard（）as their duty to provide the best service for their customers.A.this B.what C.it D.that 答案:C

您的答案：C 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0

17．第17题

So（）after she learned the good news that she could hardly fall asleep that night.A.excited the mother was B.was the mother excited C.the mother was excited D.excited was the mother 答案:D

您的答案：D 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0

18．第18题

“How do you do?” “

”

A.How do you do? B.Thank you.C.Sorry.D.How are you.答案:A

您的答案：A 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0

19．第19题

There are about（）workers in our factory.A.eight hundred B.eight hundred of C.eighthundreds D.hundred of 答案:A

您的答案：A 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0

20．第20题

They have to do the job().A.them B.their C.themself D.themselves 答案:D 您的答案：D 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0

21．第21题

There()more than 300,000 kinds of plants on the earth.A.is B.are existing C.exists D.exist 答案:A

您的答案：D 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：0.0

22．第22题

Everything seems all right,()? A.doesn’t it B.won’t it C.is it D.isn’t it 答案:A

您的答案：A 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0

23．第23题

I didn’t see the minister,()did I see the secretary.A.so B.nor C.either D.none 答案:B

您的答案：B 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0

24．第24题

Mrs.Smith warned her daughter()after drinking.A.never to drive B.to never drive C.never driving D.never drive 答案:A

您的答案：A 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0

25．第25题

–We mustn’t lose heart, must we? All the teachers are encouraging us.--A.Yes, we must.B.Yes, we mustn’t C.No, we must.D.No, we mustn’t.答案:D

您的答案：D 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0

26．第26题

Our English teacher()our buying a good English-Chinese dictionary.A.asked B.ordered C.suggested D.required 答案:C

您的答案：C 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0

27．第27题

What’s the language()in Germany? A.speaking B.spoken C.be spoken D.to speak 答案:B

您的答案：B 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 28．第28题

If you ever have the()to go abroad to work, you should take it.A.possibility B.offer C.luck D.chance 答案:D

您的答案：D 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0

29．第29题

–Do you think living in the countryside has more advantages?--().A.Yes, perfectly.B.Well, it depends C.Yes, it is.D.Nothing at all.答案:B

您的答案：B 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0

30．第30题

I think they will go to town tomorrow,()? A.do I B.don’t I C.will they D.won’t they 答案:D

您的答案：D 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0

31．第31题

The hotel（）during the vacation was rather poorly managed.A.as I stayed B.ｗhere i stayed C.which I stayed D.what I stayed 答案:B

您的答案：B 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0

32．第32题

I don’t doubt（A.if B.what C.that D.which 答案:C

您的答案：C 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0)the stock market will recover from the economic crisis.33．第33题

（）he is still working on the project, I don’t mind when he will finish it.A.In case B.As long as C.Even if D.As far as 答案:B

您的答案：B 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0

34．第34题

By the end of this year Mr.Smith（A.is working B.has worked C.will work)in our company for exactly three years.D.will have worked 答案:D

您的答案：D 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0

35．第35题

The Great Wall

A.is B.be C.has D.was 答案:A

您的答案：A 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0

36．第36题

more than 2000 years old.“（）there any bread on the plate?” “Sorry, I don’t know.”

A.Is B.Has C.Are D.Have 答案:A

您的答案：A 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0

37．第37题

Her son promised()in the bedroom until the baby stopped().A.staying…to cry B.to stay …crying C.for staying …to cry D.to stay …to cry 答案:B

您的答案：B 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0

38．第38题

It was the officer()informed the village of the danger.A.which B.that C.what D.whether 答案:B

您的答案：B 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0

39．第39题

–Mary, help yourself to some salad.--A.I don’t like salad.B.Sorry, I can’t help.C.Thanks, but I’ve had enough.D.Ne, I can’t.答案:C

您的答案：C 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0

40．第40题

The President()went to see the flood-stricken areas.A.himself B.did C.is said D.has 答案:A

您的答案：A 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0

41．第41题

As she is looking forward to()from me, please remember()this letter on your way to school.A.hear…post B.be heard…posting C.hearing…to post D.be hearing…to posting 答案:C

您的答案：C 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0

42．第42题

They always kept on good()with their next-door neighbors for the children’s sake.A.friendship B.relations C.relatives D.terms 答案:D

您的答案：D 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0

43．第43题

–You’ve won the basketball game.Congratulations!--().A.Oh, not really.B.No one else could do it.C.Thank you.We’re really lucky.D.It’s good of you to say so.答案:C

您的答案：C 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0

44．第44题

–-Why don’t you stop and ask a policeman for direction?--.A.Good idea!B.Don’t bother C.Of course not D.Sorry, I can’t 答案:A

您的答案：A 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 45．第45题

Mr.Lee,()of the()speech, started to read a novel.A.tired…boring B.tiring…bored C.tired…bored D.tiring…boring 答案:A

您的答案：A 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0

46．第46题

In our company, great changes（A.took place B.take place

C.will have taken place D.have taken place 答案:D)since the new manager came.您的答案：D 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0

47．第47题

Young（）he is, he has proved to be an able salesman.A.that B.who C.as D.which 答案:C

您的答案：C 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0

48．第48题

This ATM has been out of service for a few days.It should（）last week.A.fix B.be fixed C.have fixed D.have been fixed 答案:D

您的答案：D 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0

49．第49题

There was a good()of the countryside from the front of the bus.A.sight B.view C.scene D.scenery 答案:B

您的答案：B 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 50．第50题

I’ll ask Mr.Smith to ring you up（）he comes back to the office.A.when B.ｗhere C.because D.although 答案:A

您的答案：A 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0

作业总得分：92.0 作业总批注：

第五篇：华师在线 人文科学概论

作 业

1．第10题

人类文明得以从过去到未来延续的源泉在于（）。

A.哲学 B.历史 C.文学 D.经济学 E.美学 答案:B 标准答案：B 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

2．第11题

（）被认为是卢梭本人的个人传记小说。

A.《爱弥尔》 B.《忏悔录》

C.《论科学和艺术》 D.《新爱洛伊丝》 E.《在人间》 答案:B 标准答案：B 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

3．第12题

20世纪初，以先进的现代民主思想与科学理性精神和现代人文主义来改造中国传统文化的一场精神观念的变革是（）。

A.文艺复兴 B.辛亥革命 C.变法维新运动 D.五四新文化运动 E.理性主义运动 答案:D 标准答案：D 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

4．第13题

首先提出“元历史”的概念的是（）。

A.李大钊 B.怀特

C.萨顿.乔治 D.龚自珍 E.柏拉图 答案:B 标准答案：B 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

5．第40题

一个民族的精神和灵魂是（）。

A.历史 B.文学 C.哲学 D.哲学 E.科学 答案:D 标准答案：D 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

6．第41题

“究天人之际，通今古之变”的史学思想是（）提出的。

A.欧阳修 B.韩非子 C.贾谊 D.屈原 E.司马迁 答案:E 标准答案：E 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

7．第42题

“科学与艺术是一个硬币的两面”这句话出自（）。

A.萨顿·乔治 B.马克思 C.恩格斯 D.李政道 E.钱学森 答案:D 标准答案：D 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

8．第43题

英国诗人（）曾说：“诗起源于凭借中回忆起来的情感”。

A.华兹华斯 B.拜伦 C.济慈 D.叶芝 E.雪莱 答案:A 标准答案：A 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

9．第14题

()等人文学科，通过与自然科学、社会科学、技术科学、管理科学的对话沟通，阐释着科学对于人类之精神世界、价值体系的特殊意义。

A.哲学 B.经济学 C.社会学 D.文学 E.美学 答案:A,D,E 标准答案：A|D|E 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

10．第15题

探讨认识与思维问题的“认识论”或“知识论”，是探讨知识的（）。

A.性质 B.结构 C.意义 D.来源 E.可靠性？ 答案:A,C,D,E 标准答案：A|C|D|E 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

11．第16题

（）等学者属于实证主义哲学家。

A.卢梭 B.孔德 C.歌德 D.边沁 E.穆勒 答案:B,D,E 标准答案：B|D|E 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

12．第17题

人文学者总是对世界对人生充满幻想、好奇、去追求一种（）般的学术

A.忘我 B.自然 C.本真 D.唯美 E.诗意 答案:C,E 标准答案：C|E 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

13．第18题

五四时期，在（）等人的倡导下，青年知识分子发起了“文学革命”、“史学革命”等新文化运动。

A.陈独秀 B.李大钊 C.周作人 D.胡适 E.鲁迅

答案:A,B,C,D,E 标准答案：A|B|C|D|E 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

14．第19题

提高国民人文素质是一种以高扬（）为核心内容的文化发展事业。

A.人的责任 B.人的价值 C.人的个性 D.人的能力 E.人的尊严 答案:A,B,C,E 标准答案：A|B|C|E 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

15．第20题

自然科学的真正本质或内核，在于它的（）。

A.科学精神 B.科学理性 C.哲学思维 D.科学理念 E.艺术灵感 答案:A,B,C,D,E 标准答案：A|B|C|D|E 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

16．第21题

人们常常把（）称为人类精神得以回归的温暖故乡，人类心灵得以依赖的永远家园。

A.哲学 B.文学 C.史学 D.艺术 E.宗教

答案:A,B,C,D,E 标准答案：A|B|C|D|E 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

17．第22题

兼有人文科学与自然科学双重学科属性的学科有（）。

A.文学 B.哲学

C.生态伦理学 D.宗教学 E.地球伦理学 答案:B,C,E 标准答案：B|C|E 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

18．第23题

政府在人文科学教育事业的投入须从（）的角度来考虑的。

A.经济利益回报 B.社会协调发展 C.市场

D.国民消费水平E.总体利益 答案:B,E 标准答案：B|E 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0 19．第31题

在社会科学中，人只是一种社会关系与结构上的一个分子，因此科学家关注的是群体状态下、社会状态下的所谓的（）。

A.经济人 B.自由人 C.政治人 D.社会人 E.文化人 答案:A,C,D 标准答案：A|C|D 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

20．第32题

古代人文科学的教育活动和人才培养，基本上是一种（）的培养方式。

A.专业教育 B.精英教育 C.书院式 D.私人讲学 E.师徒传授 答案:B,C,D,E 标准答案：B|C|D|E 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

21．第44题

社会科学是从（）等这些具有客观实在性的背景上来研究人的。

A.体制 B.关系 C.人生意义

D.人的生存价值 E.社会结构 答案:A,B,E 标准答案：A|B|E 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

22．第45题 人文科学家人格的独立与精神自由，取决于（）。

A.主体选择 B.家庭环境

C.对人生价值与意义的理解 D.社会环境 E.时代氛围 答案:A,C,D,E 标准答案：A|C|D|E 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

23．第46题

古典时代对人文精神世界是做（）把握的人文科学研究方式。

A.思辨式 B.专业性 C.分析性 D.整体性 E.职业化 答案:A,D 标准答案：A|D 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

24．第48题

确立人文科学应有的（）与学术规范，减少来自政治权力和行政手段的随意性人为干预，对于人文科学的健康发展是至关重要的。

A.主体地位 B.依附性 C.政治性 D.科学尊严 E.思辨性 答案:A,D 标准答案：A|D 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

25．第49题

历史学强调继承与发展的有机统一，（）是历史学真理追求的内在灵魂。

A.继承 B.变易 C.回归 D.革新 E.理性 答案:B,D 标准答案：B|D 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

26．第50题

社会科学更多的是从人的（）层面来理解人的本质、人的地位和人的生存状态的。

A.生存价值 B.人生意义 C.社会角色

D.精神与观念世界 E.社会属性 答案:C,E 标准答案：C|E 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

27．第51题

属于社会科学的学科有（）。

A.世界 B.教育学 C.美学 D.管理学 E.宗教学 答案:A,B,D 标准答案：A|B|D 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

28．第52题

从专业化的哲学分类原则上说，哲学一般可以分成这样几部分：（）。

A.关于世界本源问题 B.关于认识与思维问题 C.关于价值与意义问题

D.关于社会结构与秩序问题 E.关于人的历史与实践活动问题 答案:A,B,C,E 标准答案：A|B|C|E 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

29．第53题

属于自然科学研究对象的有（）。

A.社会的组织结构 B.宇宙空间 C.基本粒子 D.无机世界 E.有机世界 答案:B,C,D,E 标准答案：B|C|D|E 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

30．第54题

人的本质与属性、情感与意志具有的特性有（）。

A.被动性 B.可改变性 C.可选择性 D.不确定性 E.个体性 答案:B,C,D,E 标准答案：B|C|D|E 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

31．第55题

自然学科领域中许多重大发明与发现，如（），对于传统观念的冲击和对人类精神文化新体系的重建产生过巨大作用。A.基督教的形成 B.哥白尼的日心说 C.牛顿的自然观 D.达尔文的进化论

E.爱因斯坦的现代物理学 答案:B,C,D,E 标准答案：B|C|D|E 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

32．第56题

在人文科学的世界里，人是认识的（）。

A.对象 B.纯旁观者 C.主体 D.客体 E.实施者 答案:A,C,D,E 标准答案：A|C|D|E 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

33．第57题

（）等等，构成了两千多年西方学术与思想发展史的核心主题，这些观念与范畴，在古希腊时期就已经形成了。

A.上帝 B.理性 C.生命 D.正义 E.自由

答案:A,B,C,D,E 标准答案：A|B|C|D|E 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

34．第2题

人文科学是对人的问题的理性思考与（），是一种以人的存在本质、存在价值与存在意义等“形而上学”、“终极性的”问题为核心的知识积累。答案: 情感体验

标准答案：

情感体验 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

35．第3题

在人文科学看来，人类在追求经济发展和社会进步时，需要更多地发展人自己内心的智慧资源，以（）来替代自然资源的无节制开发。

答案:

智力资源的开发

标准答案：

智力资源的开发 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

36．第4题

辛亥革命后的中国现实，使人们懂得了一个重要道理，即现代民主政治、现代经济与科学技术，必须有相应的（）作支持，才能够真正发展起来。

答案:

精神观念环境

标准答案：

精神观念环境 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

37．第5题

在对人的研究和把握上，社会科学是“类本位”的角度，而人文科学则是“（）”的眼光。

答案: 个体本位

标准答案：

个体本位 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

38．第6题

（），既是人类精神发展、文明进步的巨大动因，也就是文学和艺术发生发展的内在动力。

答案:

对美的追求与创造

标准答案：

对美的追求与创造 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

39．第7题

古代人文科学家往往是一种（）的人文学家或人文思想家。

答案:

百科全书式

标准答案：

百科全书式 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

40．第8题

文学艺术不断拓展人类的精神空间和审美世界，但它需要心灵摆脱（）的羁绊而从至善至美的境界上去体悟感受。

答案: 功利

标准答案：

功利

您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

41．第9题近代以来，许多东方国家都发生过类似于中国从19世纪中后期出现的经由科技经济层面的变革到政治与制度方面的变革，再到（）这样曲折反复的现代化进程。

答案:

思想观念的变革

标准答案：

思想观念的变革 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

42．第24题

人文科学是一个人类科学思维与（）交织汇通的天地，一个理性与诗性对话沟通的世界。

答案: 艺术灵性

标准答案：

艺术灵性 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

43．第25题

西方哲学在古希腊时期已逐渐形成了“爱智慧、善思辨、学以致知识”的传统，而东方哲学则比较早地形成了“（）”的传统。

答案:

究人伦，重践履，学以致用

标准答案：

究人伦，重践履，学以致用 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

44．第26题

从现代社会科学自18、19世纪产生和发展起来的整个历史来看，现代社会科学总体上是在（）的影响下建立起来的。

答案:

自然科学方法论和认识论 标准答案：

自然科学方法论和认识论 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

45．第27题

人文科学作为一种满足人类精神世界需要的科学，它的价值与功能从根本上来说首先是一种（），其次才是物质形态和工具形态。

答案: 精神形态

标准答案：

精神形态 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

46．第28题

社会科学是对人之本质的外部规范，而人文科学则是对认知本质的（）。

答案: 主体内省

标准答案：

主体内省 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

47．第29题

如果说，诗歌是诗人自己的诗性回忆，那么（）就是一个民族的诗性回忆，是一种文明的诗性回忆了。

答案: 历史学

标准答案：

历史学 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0 48．第30题

人文科学与自然科学、社会科学相通的地方，主要表现在人文科学在研究过程中也要运用（）。

答案: 理性思维

标准答案：

理性思维 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

49．第39题

文学、艺术可以用它所追求的（）来改造社会、启蒙人生。

答案:

真、善、美

标准答案：

真、善、美 您的答案： 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：0.0

50．第33题 认识论

答案:

哲学的一个部分。探讨认识与思维问题的“认识论”或“知识论”，它探讨知识的性质、意义、来源及其可靠性。

标准答案：

哲学的一个部分。探讨认识与思维问题的“认识论”或“知识论”，它探讨知识的性质、意义、来源及其可靠性。您的答案： 题目分数：3.0 此题得分：0.0

51．第34题 实践论

答案:

哲学的一个部分。探究人的历史与实践活动及其实现方式与制约因素的“实践论”或“历史哲学”，重在探究人类如何以自己的主体性活动，在与自然、社会关系相互作用的结构中创造、改变和发展自己的属性。

标准答案：

哲学的一个部分。探究人的历史与实践活动及其实现方式与制约因素的“实践论”或“历史哲学”，重在探究人类如何以自己的主体性活动，在与自然、社会关系相互作用的结构中创造、改变和发展自己的属性。您的答案： 题目分数：3.0 此题得分：0.0

52．第35题 科学真理

答案:

所谓科学真理，是正确反映或揭示了认识本质与特征的知识、观点、思想或理论。

标准答案：

所谓科学真理，是正确反映或揭示了认识本质与特征的知识、观点、思想或理论。您的答案： 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：0.0

53．第36题 形而上学

答案:

哲学的一个部分。探讨世界本原问题的“本论论”或“形而上学”，它探讨关于存在及其本质、关于世界的起源、结构和法则，以及人与世界的关系等等问题。

标准答案：

哲学的一个部分。探讨世界本原问题的“本论论”或“形而上学”，它探讨关于存在及其本质、关于世界的起源、结构和法则，以及人与世界的关系等等问题。您的答案： 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：0.0

54．第58题 六经注我

答案:

“六经注我”，是以研究者自己的主体意识赋予经典文献以新意的过程。人文科学就是在这种将认识对象与认识主体两者有机统一起来，在它们既相对立又相统一的辩证关系中发展进步的。

标准答案：

“六经注我”，是以研究者自己的主体意识赋予经典文献以新意的过程。人文科学就是在这种将认识对象与认识主体两者有机统一起来，在它们既相对立又相统一的辩证关系中发展进步的。您的答案： 题目分数：3.0 此题得分：0.0

55．第59题 科学主义

答案:

“科学主义”最早的代一有人物是19世纪的英国、法国学者如孔德、边沁、穆勒、圣西门等人，他们主张以分析性的逻辑实证主义的方式来研究人类社会生不知的一切方面。他们认为科学在方法论和认识论方面应该是统一的，自然科学的方法可以扩展到一切社会和人文的研究领域，他们反应传统人文科学中那种形而上学的思辩传统和个体情感体验，认为科学必须以确定的知识与清晰的逻辑概念体系为表面形式。

标准答案：

“科学主义”最早的代一有人物是19世纪的英国、法国学者如孔德、边沁、穆勒、圣西门等人，他们主张以分析性的逻辑实证主义的方式来研究人类社会生不知的一切方面。他们认为科学在方法论和认识论方面应该是统一的，自然科学的方法可以扩展到一切社会和人文的研究领域，他们反应传统人文科学中那种形而上学的思辩传统和个体情感体验，认为科学必须以确定的知识与清晰的逻辑概念体系为表面形式。您的答案： 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：0.0

56．第60题 理性精神

答案:

理性精神，有时也被称为科学合理性，是近代时期反对宗教神学的蒙昧主义和封建特权统治中发展起来的一种精神文化体制与思维方式。

标准答案：

理性精神，有时也被称为科学合理性，是近代时期反对宗教神学的蒙昧主义和封建特权统治中发展起来的一种精神文化体制与思维方式。您的答案： 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：0.0

57．第61题 历史学

答案:

历史学看作是历史学家在对人类以往的历史经历进行系统化知识整理，对历史的本质、历史的意义所作出一种理论解释和精神体验。这是一个由历史学家们根据自己的主体观念和意识构建起来的、高度浓缩了的关于人类过去经历与情感的精神世界。

标准答案：

历史学看作是历史学家在对人类以往的历史经历进行系统化知识整理，对历史的本质、历史的意义所作出一种理论解释和精神体验。这是一个由历史学家们根据自己的主体观念和意识构建起来的、高度浓缩了的关于人类过去经历与情感的精神世界。您的答案： 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：0.0

58．第1题

哲学与宗教的对于人类的意义是相同的。

答案:

这种观点是错误的。哲学为人如何理解人生、选择正确的人生目标和把握人生的幸福，提供一些最为根本性或一般性的智慧原则。在这方面，哲学是一种使人获得幸福的智慧，它使人对人生的理解，对人生意义和人生价值的理解，都得以建立在一种理性的、合理的思维模式上，用理性的思维和智慧去把握人生的价值与意义，而不是用愚妄的、巫术魔怪的非理性方式去理解人生。就此来说，哲学与宗教似乎有相同的一面，因为宗教也关注人生，也为人提供安身立命的精神情感慰藉。尽管如此，它们在本质上还是不一样的，比如，宗教对人的关怀，是以非理性的、信仰的方式来建立精神情感世界，而且往往容易走向偏执与独断，将人引向信仰蒙昧主义。而哲学则是建立在科学、理性、知识的基础上的，当然哲学并不排斥人的直觉、感悟、体验、灵感、激情等非理性的思维活动方式，但这些非理性思维方式实际上是大量的、长期的理性思维活动基础上形成的，并且它们也是还受着理性思维活动的调控。因此，哲学与宗教这不同，在于哲学既提供关于人生、关于生命、关于世界的终极性精神关怀，却又是一种世俗超越相结合的、理智与情感相平衡的关怀。就此来说，一个人生哲学方面有深厚传统，擅长处理人生问题，擅长处理与己、与人、与社会、与自然关系的民族，往往可以使自己的文明在和谐的氛围中得以长久地延续。

标准答案：

这种观点是错误的。哲学为人如何理解人生、选择正确的人生目标和把握人生的幸福，提供一些最为根本性或一般性的智慧原则。在这方面，哲学是一种使人获得幸福的智慧，它使人对人生的理解，对人生意义和人生价值的理解，都得以建立在一种理性的、合理的思维模式上，用理性的思维和智慧去把握人生的价值与意义，而不是用愚妄的、巫术魔怪的非理性方式去理解人生。就此来说，哲学与宗教似乎有相同的一面，因为宗教也关注人生，也为人提供安身立命的精神情感慰藉。尽管如此，它们在本质上还是不一样的，比如，宗教对人的关怀，是以非理性的、信仰的方式来建立精神情感世界，而且往往容易走向偏执与独断，将人引向信仰蒙昧主义。而哲学则是建立在科学、理性、知识的基础上的，当然哲学并不排斥人的直觉、感悟、体验、灵感、激情等非理性的思维活动方式，但这些非理性思维方式实际上是大量的、长期的理性思维活动基础上形成的，并且它们也是还受着理性思维活动的调控。因此，哲学与宗教这不同，在于哲学既提供关于人生、关于生命、关于世界的终极性精神关怀，却又是一种世俗超越相结合的、理智与情感相平衡的关怀。就此来说，一个人生哲学方面有深厚传统，擅长处理人生问题，擅长处理与己、与人、与社会、与自然关系的民族，往往可以使自己的文明在和谐的氛围中得以长久地延续。您的答案： 题目分数：7.0 此题得分：0.0

59．第37题

人文科学的知识体系与价值体系两者的关系是怎样的？

答案:

人文科学的知识体系与价值体系两者之间并不是完全分开的，知识与价值实际上是相互依存相互渗透的。一方面，每一人文科学知识形态中都包含着某种人文理想与人文精神的成份。在哲学、文学、历史学各学科中积累起来的各种知识，渗透着某种特定的人文价值形态，包含着某种特定的人文理想与人文精神内容。另一方面，人文科学所追求的价值与意义，又必须借助于一定的知识形态作为载体才能再现出来。人文价值与人文精神的阐释离不开对人文知识的认识、积累与利用。因此每一人文科学价值理想与精神中，也都包含着相应的人文知识、人文价值、人文理想、人文精神等等，并不是人文科学家自己随意幻想凭空构建的，它总是通过对那些人文事物进行认识和体验后的一种主体性阐释。而这种主体性阐释总是以一定的认识对象即人文知识为基础的。

标准答案：

人文科学的知识体系与价值体系两者之间并不是完全分开的，知识与价值实际上是相互依存相互渗透的。一方面，每一人文科学知识形态中都包含着某种人文理想与人文精神的成份。在哲学、文学、历史学各学科中积累起来的各种知识，渗透着某种特定的人文价值形态，包含着某种特定的人文理想与人文精神内容。另一方面，人文科学所追求的价值与意义，又必须借助于一定的知识形态作为载体才能再现出来。人文价值与人文精神的阐释离不开对人文知识的认识、积累与利用。因此每一人文科学价值理想与精神中，也都包含着相应的人文知识、人文价值、人文理想、人文精神等等，并不是人文科学家自己随意幻想凭空构建的，它总是通过对那些人文事物进行认识和体验后的一种主体性阐释。而这种主体性阐释总是以一定的认识对象即人文知识为基础的。您的答案： 题目分数：5.0 此题得分：0.0 教师未批改

60．第38题

简述人文科学发展进步区别于自然科学、社会科学的独特模式。

答案: 人文科学是知识体系与价值体系的有机结合，人文科学成为一种具有浓厚历史积淀色彩的古典主义学科形态。因此，人文学科的发展历史，既表现为人类在人文世界领域知识的不断积累、理论的逐渐丰富完善、学科体系的日益扩大的图景，同时也表现为人类对人之本质、人之意义等精神价值问题不断作出新的理解和体验的图景，表现为人类价值观念与精神形态的演变过程。人文科学研究的价值、意义等命题具有永恒性与重复性的特点，使得人文科学的研究既是古典主义的，也是现代主义的。

标准答案：

人文科学是知识体系与价值体系的有机结合，人文科学成为一种具有浓厚历史积淀色彩的古典主义学科形态。因此，人文学科的发展历史，既表现为人类在人文世界领域知识的不断积累、理论的逐渐丰富完善、学科体系的日益扩大的图景，同时也表现为人类对人之本质、人之意义等精神价值问题不断作出新的理解和体验的图景，表现为人类价值观念与精神形态的演变过程。人文科学研究的价值、意义等命题具有永恒性与重复性的特点，使得人文科学的研究既是古典主义的，也是现代主义的。您的答案： 题目分数：5.0 此题得分：0.0 教师未批改

61．第47题

简述历史学科所具有的人文科学与社会科学的双重属性的特点。

答案:

历史学在本质上是一种人文科学，但它同时兼有社会科学许多特征。就它必须面对过往的历史事实为史学构建的基础这一点来说，史学具有社会科学体系结构的某种客观性品格。它必须对历史的过程、事件进行选择、考信、整理、辨析，以建立某种实证的、确定的基础。这一点使历史学不完全等同于文学或艺术学。但另一方面，历史学却又更具有人文科学的基本属性，因为它本质上是一种人的观念、情感、想象的活动。因为历史学并不同于方志学、档案学，它不会停留在对史料史实的纯客观记载水平上，相反，它总是注入了研究主体——历史学家本人的对于历史的主体性理解与评价过程，带上了历史学家自己的观念色彩和意识因素，历史学家总是以自己的认识模式去研究历史的。

标准答案：

历史学在本质上是一种人文科学，但它同时兼有社会科学许多特征。就它必须面对过往的历史事实为史学构建的基础这一点来说，史学具有社会科学体系结构的某种客观性品格。它必须对历史的过程、事件进行选择、考信、整理、辨析，以建立某种实证的、确定的基础。这一点使历史学不完全等同于文学或艺术学。但另一方面，历史学却又更具有人文科学的基本属性，因为它本质上是一种人的观念、情感、想象的活动。因为历史学并不同于方志学、档案学，它不会停留在对史料史实的纯客观记载水平上，相反，它总是注入了研究主体——历史学家本人的对于历史的主体性理解与评价过程，带上了历史学家自己的观念色彩和意识因素，历史学家总是以自己的认识模式去研究历史的。您的答案： 题目分数：5.0 此题得分：0.0 教师未批改

62．第62题

在学术共同体内部，人文科学的健康发展为什么要建立合理公正的学术体制？

答案:

在人文科学的科学家共同体内部，也还必须建立起学者们遵循的合理公正的学术体制与学术制度，从而使学者们能够在一种公平、开放、自由的学术环境中进行学术研究活动。在这方面，要求人文科学工作者必须遵循科学家共同体的一些基本的行为规范与原则，有“兼容并包”、“汲纳众家”的学术开放意识，不断与科学同行或其他学科领域的学者进行平等的对话与交注以。人文科学学术研究的合理体制还反对任何人对学术与真理的独占与垄断，反对一切形式的“学霸”或“学阀”对学术同行或其他学科领域的学者的学术工作及其成果的压制与否定。人文科学家之间的学术争论和学术分岐，只能以平等的讨论、争鸣、比较来解决，而不是由行政权力或学术权威来决定。

标准答案：

在人文科学的科学家共同体内部，也还必须建立起学者们遵循的合理公正的学术体制与学术制度，从而使学者们能够在一种公平、开放、自由的学术环境中进行学术研究活动。在这方面，要求人文科学工作者必须遵循科学家共同体的一些基本的行为规范与原则，有“兼容并包”、“汲纳众家”的学术开放意识，不断与科学同行或其他学科领域的学者进行平等的对话与交注以。人文科学学术研究的合理体制还反对任何人对学术与真理的独占与垄断，反对一切形式的“学霸”或“学阀”对学术同行或其他学科领域的学者的学术工作及其成果的压制与否定。人文科学家之间的学术争论和学术分岐，只能以平等的讨论、争鸣、比较来解决，而不是由行政权力或学术权威来决定。您的答案： 题目分数：5.0 此题得分：0.0 教师未批改

63．第63题

古典的人文科学的学科体系结构式如何分化的？

答案:

一方面，传统形态下那种文史哲浑然一体的人文科学统一体被分割开了，在文学、哲学、历史学各学科内部，又再进一步分化成更细的众多分支学科，17、18世纪以后，古典时代那种对人文精神世界作“思辨式”、“整体性”把握的人文科学研究方式，也转变成近代时期那种分门别类的按学科类别进行的“分析性”、“专业性”研究，而古典时代那种在人类科学世界（包括自然科学和人文科学）的一切领域自由漫步的那种百科全书式“人文学者”，那种充满思想睿智与精神灵性的“人文思想家”，转变成了只在某个知识领域作专业性研究的职业化的“哲学教授”、“史学专家”、“文艺理论家”。

标准答案：

一方面，传统形态下那种文史哲浑然一体的人文科学统一体被分割开了，在文学、哲学、历史学各学科内部，又再进一步分化成更细的众多分支学科，17、18世纪以后，古典时代那种对人文精神世界作“思辨式”、“整体性”把握的人文科学研究方式，也转变成近代时期那种分门别类的按学科类别进行的“分析性”、“专业性”研究，而古典时代那种在人类科学世界（包括自然科学和人文科学）的一切领域自由漫步的那种百科全书式“人文学者”，那种充满思想睿智与精神灵性的“人文思想家”，转变成了只在某个知识领域作专业性研究的职业化的“哲学教授”、“史学专家”、“文艺理论家”。您的答案： 题目分数：5.0 此题得分：0.0 教师未批改

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