第一篇：APEC会议引古诗致辞 诗句该如何翻译
习近平APEC会议引古诗致辞 诗句该如何翻译？
字号:小中大 2014-11-12 08:12:36
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11月11日下午，亚太经合组织领导人非正式会议落下帷幕，习近平在致闭幕词时指出，会议通过了《北京纲领》和《亚太伙伴关系声明》，明确了亚太经合的发展方向、目标、举措。习近平在致辞中引用了几句古诗，这些诗句该如何翻译？
11日上午，国家主席习近平出席2014年亚太经合组织(APEC)领导人非正式会议第一阶
段会议并讲话。
与9日在工商领导人会议开幕式上致辞引用刘禹锡诗“山明水净夜来霜，数树深红出浅黄”描述北京天气一样，习近平11日的致辞也用古诗开头。他将亚太经合组织的21个成员比作21只大雁：“风翻白浪花千片，雁点青天字一行”。这句诗出自唐代诗人白居易的《江楼晚眺，景物鲜奇，吟玩成篇，寄水部张员外》，这首诗描写大雨刚过，彩虹尚存，海市蜃楼将要消失的一刹那，绘成一幅色彩绚丽的丹青图画。“我期待并相信这次会议将为亚太发展注入新的活力，‘一花不是春，孤雁难成行’，让我们以北京雁栖湖为新的起点，引领世界经济的雁阵飞向更加蔚蓝而辽阔的天空。”习近平再次引用古诗。
作为在重大外交场合的演讲，其中“技术含量高”的“专业”词汇自然必不可少。11月11日晚，人民日报官方微信号就此梳理了***在这两次讲话中的一些“关键”词句的翻译。
1.山明水净夜来霜，数树深红出浅黄。
The water is clear and the mountain is bright, The frost comes in at night;Trees are covered with deep scarlet leaves Mixed with yellow that is light。
该句出自中唐朝诗人刘禹锡的《秋词二首》。翻译古诗，最难的当然是押韵。读一读，你就会发现，这里 bright, night还有light是押韵的。涨一下古诗知识哈，全诗如下：
山明水净夜来霜，数树深红出浅黄。试上高楼清入骨，岂如春色嗾人狂。2.朋友越走越近，邻居越走越亲
Friends and neighbors become closer when they visit each other more often。这句通俗白话实际上采取了与古诗“秦时明月汉时关”类似的表述结构，即 “朋友、邻居之间越走越亲近”。只是中文喜欢对仗神马的，就看似复杂了，如果英语也求对仗，那翻译就受累不讨好啦，因为英语更讲究逻辑与简洁。
3.亚洲各国就像一盏盏明灯，只有串联并联起来，才能让亚洲的夜空灯火辉煌。Asian countries are just like a cluster of bright lanterns.Only when we link them together, can we light up the night sky in our continent。
这句话里，中文一如既往地喜欢“叠字”，而到了英文里 “一盏盏”则成了a cluster ；有意思的是，中文的“明灯”译成了bright lanterns。的确，英语里一串一串的“灯笼”，意象更美好。至于什么“串联互联”，您就别去翻中英物理词典啦，您瞧，很简单，就是link，要是拘泥于太细“串联”“并联”的区别，英语世界里物理学得不那么好的孩纸，就瞎了。这句话给我们的启示是：除了词典，当翻译需要两颗心：一颗浮想联翩的心，一颗简单的心。
4.“一带一路” “Belt and Road”
人类喜欢制造一些很长的专有名词，然后再简化之。此前，有译文为“one belt and one road”招来质疑，这次把那个“一”没翻出来，不知道会有何反响。不过，这种处理方法，一是上下文中需要出现全称，二是往往还需要视情况搭配一些更具体的词，比如the Belt and Road initiative(s)，the Belt and Road cooperation program(s)。那“一带”“一路”中英文全称各是什么呢？下面咱们涨下姿势哈：
一带：丝绸之路经济带 the Silk Road Economic Belt 一路：21世纪海上丝绸之路 the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road 5.如果将“一带一路”比喻为亚洲腾飞的两只翅膀，那么互联互通就是两只翅膀的血脉经络。If the “Belt and Road” are likened to the two wings of a soaring Asia, then connectivity is like their arteries and veins。
在这里，“一带一路”遇上了“互联互通”，典型的中文求对仗的风格，真是考验翻译水平。但是我们要有一颗简单的心。这里初学英语的孩纸要注意liken与like意义、用法上的区别。Liken是动词，“把A比作B”的意思；Like不是动词，所以做谓语的时候是be like，意思是“好像”。而“血脉经络”这个中国特色的词，你怎么“呵呵”，外国人也不是那么懂的，所以简单一些吧。况且，“血脉经络”在中文本身也是形式大于意义的，即求四字词汇的节奏。
6.有路才能人畅其行，物畅其流
With roads in place, people and goods can flow。要想知道带点文绉绉的话语怎么翻，这句就是范例。7.志同道合
People who cherish the same ideals follow the same path。
其实，这句倒译回来就是“志同者道合”。所以如果说两个人“志同道合”应该是They cherish the same ideals and follow the same path。
8.志存高远，脚踏实地
aspire for high and grand while planting our feet firmly on the ground 又是两个四字短语，而且两组之间存在逻辑意义上的关联，所以翻译用while连接了。记住，英文更加注重逻辑。另外，值得一提的是plant的用法。在英语中，往往这种很小的常见词语，总是有比我们平时使用多得多的地道用法。《韦氏大辞典》对plant作为动词的一个解释是： to put or place(something or yourself)firmly or forcefully on a surface or in a particular position，把它用在“脚踏实地”的翻译中生动而地道。
9.互联互通 connectivity “互联互通”是本次APEC会议出现频率最高的词。其实，“互联互通”的意思就是互相联通，打通伙伴之间的联系，中文喜欢四字叠词，英文直接翻译成connectivity就好啦。《韦氏大辞典》对connectivity的解释是 the quality, state, or capability of being connective or connected(保持相互联系和连通的状态或能力)。
10.是继续引领世界、创造美好未来，还是放慢脚步、等待被人超越？是深化一体化进程、还是陷入碎片化漩涡？是践行开放、包容理念、共同开创亚太世纪，还是身体已进入21世纪而思维模式还停留在过去？
Shall we continue to lead the world in creating a bright future, or shall we slow down only to be outperformed by others? Shall we deepen the integration process, or shall we let ourselves slip into a vortex of fragmentation? Shall we embrace openness and inclusiveness to work together for an Asia-Pacific century, or shall we cling to an outdated mindset until for the 21st century? 排比句属于一种表达力比较强的修辞手法。这个排比句里有一些比较新的表达方式，如“陷入碎片化漩涡”基本采用了直译，而“身体已进入21世纪而思维模式还停留在过去”则是用了意译的手法。
11.大时代需要大格局，大格局需要大智慧
A great era calls for great vision, which in turn requires great wisdom。虽然中文中都是“需要”，但是英文的翻译可以更加灵活，更加多样，更加贴切。关键是小伙伴还可以炫一下肚子里有多少洋词儿呢。
12.朋友多了，路才好走。
More friends, more opportunities。
该句直译过来应该是“more friends, more roads”，可是这么说台下的外国友人肯定不太能理解，所以我们还要给中文原本的意思做一个引申，译成“机会”，显得好懂多了。
13.应该变赢者通吃为各方共赢，共同做大亚太发展的蛋糕
We should replace the “winner-take-all” mentality with an all-win approach and work together for great development and prosperity of our region。
两个看点：第一，“赢者通吃”和“各方共赢”怎么翻；第二，“做大蛋糕”是什么意思，怎么翻译，要不要直译。译文已经告诉我们啦，小编就不啰嗦啦。但是大家可以表达不同意见。
14.生活从不眷顾因循守旧、满足现状者，而将更多机遇留给勇于和善于改革创新的人们。
Life never favors those who always follow the beaten path and content themselves with the status quo.Instead, life saves opportunities for people who are willing and able to reform and innovate。
跟CEO们谈改革创新，却从生活切入，足见***演讲技巧之高超。译文从选词到句式的规整，足见译者之用心，所以译文读起来，给人以智者忠告的感觉，而不是一杯廉价的心灵鸡汤。
15.如果说创新是中国发展的新引擎，那么改革就是必不可少的点火器 If innovation is the new engine for China's development, reform is the indispensable igniter。
这又是一句打比方。中文通俗易懂，英文直译也不会产生理解问题，那就顺着这句话的顺序来吧，这样的好处是译者与读（听）者都方便。
第二篇：聚焦APEC会议相关词汇中英文翻译
聚焦APEC会议相关词汇中英文翻译
2014-11-10 华译翻译
华译翻译--微信号：tj_huayifanyi 华译翻译-您身边的翻译专家！聚焦APEC会议相关词汇中英文翻译： APEC重要词汇缩写及翻译(双语)11月起，北京正式进入APEC模式。11月5日，APEC系列会议拉开帷幕，为了帮助大家更迅速的了解APEC相关的报道，我们整理了一些与APEC相关的词汇缩写及对应的中英文解释。人家开会，咱们也不耽误学英语！
APEC图标 AAMA
Administrative Aspects of Market Access 市场准入的行政管理措施
ABAC
APEC Business Advisory Council APEC 工商咨询理事会
ABF
APEC Business Forum 亚太经合组织商业论坛
ACDS
APEC Communications and Database System APEC 交流与数据库系统
ACE
Automatic Commercial Environment 自动商务环境
ACTETSME
APEC Center for Technology and Trainingfor Small and Medium Enterprises 亚太中心企业技术交流与培训中心
AELM
APEC Economic Leaders Meeting 亚太经合组织经济领导人会议 AES
Automated Export System 自动出口制度
AFTA
ASEAN Free Trade Area 东盟自由贸易区
AMM
APEC Ministerial Meeting 亚太经合组织部长会议
ANZCERTA
Australia-New Zealand Closer Economic Relationsand Trade Agreement 澳新紧密经济关系和贸易协定
APB-Net
Asia – Pacific Business Network 亚太工商网
APEC
Asia-Pacific Ecomomic Cooperation 亚太经济合作组织
APERC
Asia-Pacific Energy Research Center 亚太能源中心
APII
Asia Pacific Information Infrastructure 亚太信息基础设施
APLAC
Asia-Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Conference 亚太实验室认证会议
APLMF
Asia-Pacific Legal Metrology Forum 亚太实验室认证会议
APLMF
Asia-Pacific Legal Mrtrology Forum 亚太法定计量论坛
APMA
Asia-Pacific Metrology Program 亚太计量方案 ASEAN
Association of South-East Asian Nations 东南亚国家联盟
ATC
Agricultural Technical Cooperation Experts’Group 农业技术合作专家组
ATL
Accelerated Tariff Liberalization 加速关税自由化
BAC
Budget and Administrative Committee 行政和预算委员会
BMC
Budget and Management Committee 预算管理委员会
CAC
Codex Alimentarius Commission 《食品法规》联合委员会
CAP
Collective Action Plans 集体行动计划
CBN
Capacity Building Network 能力建设网络
CTI
Committee on Trade and Investment 贸易投资委员会
CUA
Concerted Unilateral Action 协调的单边行动 DMEG
Dispute Mediation Experts’ Group 争端调解专家组 EC
Economic Committee 经济委员会 ECOTECH
Economic and Technical Cooperation 经济技术合作
EDI
Electronic Data Interchange 电子数据交换
EDFOR
Education Forum 教育论坛
EDNET
Education Network 教育网络
EMC
Electromagnetic Compatibility 电磁兼容
EPG
Eminent Persons Group 名人小组 ESC
Sub-Committee on ECOTECH 经济技术合作分委会
ESCAP
Economic and Social Commission for Asia and Pacific 亚太经济社会理事会
EVSL
Early Voluntary Sectoral Liberalization 部门自愿提前自由
EWG
Energy Working Group 能源工作组
FACTS
Facilitation,Accoumtability,Consistency,Trandparencyand Simplification 便利化、责任性、一致性、透明性和简单化
FDI
Foreign Direct Investment 外国直接投资 FWG
Fisheries Working Group 渔业工作组
GP
Government Procurement 政府采购
GPEG Government Procurement Experts’ Group 政府采购专家组
HRD
Human Resources Development 人力资源开发
HRDWG
Human Resources Development Working Group 人力资源开发工作组
HURDIT
HRD Network for Industrial Technology 工业技术人力资源开发网（未完待续）部分内容摘自网络。
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第三篇：胡锦涛在APEC人力资源开发会议致辞
胡锦涛在APEC人力资源开发会议致辞
lavender 2010年09月30日16:49 来源：国际在线 点击
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2010年9月16日...9月16日，中国国家主席胡锦涛在北京人民大会堂出席第五届APEC人力资源开发部长级会议开幕式并致辞。
深化交流合作 实现包容性增长
——在第五届亚太经合组织人力资源开发部长级会议上的致辞
中国国家主席 胡锦涛
2010年9月16日
Deepen Exchanges and Cooperation for Inclusive Growth
--Address by President Hu Jintao At the Fifth APEC Human Resources Development Ministerial Meeting
September 16, 2010
女士们，先生们：
Ladies and Gentlemen，今天，来自亚太经合组织各成员的朋友们齐聚北京，参加第五届亚太经合组织人力资源开发部长级会议。这次会议的主题是“开发人力资源、大力促进就业、实现包容性增长”。首先，我谨代表中国政府和人民，对会议的召开表示热烈的祝贺！对与会各位代表表示诚挚的欢迎！
Today, friends from the APEC member economies are gathering in Beijing for the Fifth APEC Human Resources Development Ministerial Meeting.The theme of the meeting is “Developing Human Resources, Vigorously Promoting Employment and Realizing Inclusive Growth”.First of all, I wish to extend, on behalf of the Chinese government and people, warm congratulations on the opening of the meeting and sincere welcome to all delegates。
亚太地区是全球最具发展活力和潜力的地区之一，21个成员的经济总量占世界经济总量近60%，在世界经济格局中具有重要地位和作用。经过21年的发展，亚太经合组织已成为亚太地区机制最完善、层级最高的经济合作组织之一。
The Asia-Pacific region is among the world's most dynamic regions with the greatest development potential.It has an important place and role in the world economy, with the 21 APEC member economies making up nearly 60% of total global economic output.After 21 years of development, APEC has become an economic cooperation organization in the Asia-Pacific region that has the most full-fledged institutions and attracts the highest level of participation。
国际金融危机的发生和应对使我们更加深刻地认识到，在经济全球化深入发展的今天，要推动世界经济可持续增长、有效应对世界经济面临的风险和挑战，各国各地区必须加强交流合作，协力解决经济发展中的深层次、结构性问题。2009年亚太经合组织第十七次领导人非正式会议就包容性增长达成共识，提出要更好抓住经济全球化带来的机遇、更好应对经济全球化带来的挑战，创造就业机会，造福广大民众。实现包容性增长，切实解决经济发展中出现的社会问题，为推进贸易和投资自由化、实现经济长远发展奠定坚实社会基础，这是亚太经合组织各成员需要共同研究和着力解决的重大课题。
In the wake of the international financial crisis and based on our experience in dealing with the crisis, we have become more acutely aware of one thing.In an era of deepening economic globalization, if we want to ensure sustained global economic growth and effectively tackle the risks and challenges faced by the world economy, all countries and regions must strengthen exchanges and cooperation and work together to address the underlying, structural issues in economic development.The 17th APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting in 2009 reached consensus on inclusive growth, and highlighted the importance of seizing the opportunities brought by economic globalization to better meet the challenges of economic globalization and create job opportunities for the benefit of our people.To realize inclusive growth, to resolve the social issues emerging from economic development and to lay a solid social foundation for trade promotion, investment facilitation and long-term economic development are all major topics that we, the APEC member economies, need to work on together。
实现包容性增长，根本目的是让经济全球化和经济发展成果惠及所有国家和地区、惠及所有人群，在可持续发展中实现经济社会协调发展。我们应该朝着生产发展、生活富裕、生态良好的目标，坚持发展经济，着力转变经济发展方式，提高经济发展质量，增加社会财富，不断为全体人民逐步过上富裕生活创造物质基础。我们应该坚持社会公平正义，着力促进人人平等获得发展机会，逐步建立以权利公平、机会公平、规则公平、分配公平为主要内容的社会公平保障体系，不断消除人民参与经济发展、分享经济发展成果方面的障碍。我们应该坚持以人为本，着力保障和改善民生，建立覆盖全民的社会保障体系，注重解决教育、劳动就业、医疗卫生、养老、住房等民生问题，努力做到发展为了人民、发展依靠人民、发展成果由人民共享。在这里，我愿就本次会议主题提出以下4点建议。
The ultimate purpose of inclusive growth is to spread the benefits of economic globalization and economic development among all countries, regions and people and to realize balanced economic and social progress through sustainable development.Our goal is greater productivity and prosperity and a better environment.To this end, we must develop the economy, transform the economic development pattern, raise the efficiency of economic development, and create more social wealth so that our people can lead a better life.We should pursue social equity and justice.To this end, we must ensure everyone equal access to development opportunities, steadily put in place a system for guaranteeing social equity with a focus on ensuring fairness in rights, opportunities, rules and distribution, and eradicate obstacles that keep our people from participating in economic development or sharing the fruits of economic development.We should put people first, ensure and improve people's livelihood, institute a social safety net that covers all, and address issues vital to people's livelihood, including education, labor and employment, health care, old-age support and housing.We should work hard to ensure that development is for the people and by the people and its fruits are shared among the people.Here, I want to make the following four proposals within the context of the theme of the meeting:
第一，优先开发人力资源。人力资源开发，对提高人们参与经济发展和改善自身生存发展条件，对推动经济持续发展、实现包容性增长，具有基础性的重要意义。人力资源是可持续开发的资源，人力资源优势是最需培育、最有潜力、最可依靠的优势。我们应该牢固树立人力资源是经济社会发展第一资源的理念，加快形成人力资源优先发展的战略布局。要优先调整人力资源结构，优先投资人力资源开发，创新人力资源制度，建立政府、社会、用人单位、个人共同投资人力资源开发机制，积极谋划和调整人力资源专业结构、层级结构、分布结构，大力激发各类人力资源的创新活力和创造智慧。
First, give priority to human resources development.Human resources development holds the key to people's full participation in economic development and to improvement of conditions for their survival and development.It also provides the basis for sustainable economic development and inclusive growth.Development of human resources can be sustainable.Among all the advantages we are endowed with, the advantage in human resources is the most reliable.It can bring out the greatest potential in us and its development calls for our utmost efforts.We should be committed to the concept that human resources are the number one resources in economic and social development, and should speed up efforts to form strategies that give priority to human resources development.We should focus on readjusting the structures of human resources and investing in human resources development.We should make institutional innovations in human resources development by building a development mechanism that is jointly invested by the government, society, employers and individuals.And we should actively plan for and make readjustments to the professional mix, level and distribution of human resources, so as to boost the innovation power of human resources of all kinds。
第二，实施充分就业的发展战略。就业是民生之本，实现社会充分就业是让更多人分享经济社会发展成果的重要途径。我们应该把充分就业作为经济社会发展的优先目标，实施扩大就业的发展战略，最大限度创造劳动者就业和发展机会，努力实现充分就业。要强化政府促进就业的责任，实施更加积极的就业政策，实施相应的财政、金融、产业等方面政策，建设覆盖城乡的公共就业服务体系，健全面向所有困难民众的就业援助长效制度，完善就业与社会保障的联动机制，促进体面劳动，构建和谐劳动关系。
Second, implement the strategy of full employment.Employment is vital to people's livelihood.Full employment in society will enable more people to share the fruits of economic and social development.We should make full employment our priority goal in economic and social development and implement the strategy of expanding employment to maximize employment and development opportunities for workers and ensure full employment for our people.The government should take greater responsibility in employment promotion.We should implement a more proactive employment policy and relevant fiscal, financial and industrial policies and build a public service system for employment that covers both rural and urban areas.We need to improve the long-term employment aid system that is accessible to all people with difficulties, and enhance the interactive mechanism between employment and social security.We also need to promote decent work as well as harmonious labor relations。
第三，提高劳动者素质和能力。提高劳动者素质，使经济发展真正走上主要依靠科技进步、劳动者素质提高、管理创新的轨道，是实现人的全面发展的必然要求，也是推动经济社会发展的重要保证。转变经济发展方式，推动经济结构优化升级，促进经济社会协调发展，对劳动者素质提出了更高要求。我们应该引导广大劳动者提高思想道德素质和科学文化素质，提高劳动能力和劳动水平，努力掌握新知识、新技能、新本领，成为适应新形势下经济社会发展要求的高素质劳动者。要主动与经济发展方式转变和经济结构优化升级相适应，建立健全面向全体劳动者的职业技能培训制度，形成有利于劳动者学习成才的引导机制、培训机制、评价机制、激励机制，全面提高劳动者职业素质和技能水平。要充分发挥教育在提高劳动者素质和能力中的重要作用，按照建设学习型社会和实施终身教育的要求，优先发展教育，提高教育现代化水平，坚持教育的公益性和普惠性，保障公民依法享有受教育的权利，努力培养造就高素质劳动者、专门人才和拔尖创新人才。
Third, improve the quality and capacity of our workers.We need to improve the quality of workers and make sure that economic growth is truly driven by scientific and technological advancement, improvement of workers' quality and innovation in management.This meets the need for people's all-round development and provides a major guarantee for economic and social development.We need to improve the quality of our workers to promote transformation of the economic growth pattern, economic restructuring and upgrading and harmonious growth between the economy and society.We should offer proper guidance to our workers so that they will improve their moral and educational background, raise their working capacity, obtain new knowledge, skills and know-how and become high-quality workers to meet the needs of economic and social development in the new era.We should take steps to adapt to changes in economic growth pattern and improvement of economic structures, and build and improve a vocational training system accessible to all workers and formulate a guiding system, training system, evaluation system and incentive system to help our workers improve their professional and technical skills in an all-round manner.It is important to bring into full play the role of education in improving the quality and capacity of workers.To achieve the goal of building a study-oriented society and realizing life-long education, we need to give priority to education, make it more modernized, and ensure its non-profit and universal nature.We should protect our citizens' right to education as provided for by law and work hard to nurture high-quality workers, professional talents and leading creative talents。
第四，构建可持续发展的社会保障体系。完善的社会保障体系是经济社会发展的重要保障，也是社会和谐稳定的安全网。我们应该在经济发展的基础上建立覆盖城乡居民的社会保障体系，坚持广覆盖、保基本、多层次、可持续，加强社会保险、社会救助、社会福利的衔接和协调，不断提高社会保障水平。要加大公共财政的社会保障投入，扩大各类社会保险覆盖面，健全社会救助体系，发展社会福利事业和慈善事业，不断在全体人民学有所教、劳有所得、病有所医、老有所养、住有所居上取得新成效。
Fourth, build a social security system that ensures sustainable development.A sound social security system is a major guarantee for economic and social development;it also provides a safety net for social harmony and stability.On the basis of economic development, we should build a social security system covering both urban and rural residents, and ensure its coverage is broad, basic, multi-tiered and sustainable.We should better coordinate social insurance, social assistance and social welfare, and raise the level of social security steadily.We should vigorously increase social security input in government budget, expand the coverage of social insurance, improve the social assistance system, and promote social welfare and charity endeavors so that we will better ensure our people's rights to education, employment, medical and old-age care and housing。
务实合作、互利共赢，是实现亚太经合组织各成员共同发展的必由之路。我们要加强经济技术合作，推动区域贸易和投资自由化，缩小成员间发展差距，实现共同繁荣。要加强就业、社会保障等领域交流合作，推动成员政策对话和经验共享。要拓宽人力资源开发合作领域，建设技术合作平台，提升合作水平，重点帮助发展中成员开发人力资源。为推动亚太经合组织人力资源领域合作，中国决定会同各成员启动“亚太经合组织技能开发促进项目”。
Practical and win-win cooperation is essential if we, APEC member economies, are to achieve common development.We should beef up economic and technical cooperation, advance regional trade and investment liberalization, and narrow the development gap among member economies to promote common prosperity.We should work more closely in employment, social security and other fields by promoting policy dialogue and experience sharing.We should broaden our cooperation in human resources development, build platforms for technical cooperation, and raise our cooperation level with the focus on helping developing members in human resources development.To this end, China has decided to launch, together with other APEC member economies, the APEC Skills Development Promotion Project。
中国是包容性增长的积极倡导者，更是包容性增长的积极实践者。中国强调推动科学发展、促进社会和谐，本身就具有包容性增长的涵义。我们既强调加快转变经济发展方式、保持经济平稳较快发展，又强调坚持把发展经济与改善民生紧密结合起来，以解决人民最关心最直接最现实的利益问题为着力点，大力推进以改善民生为重点的社会建设。在应对国际金融危机冲击的过程中，中国提出保增长、保民生、保稳定的方针，实施积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策，既积极推动经济发展、提高经济发展质量，又加大社会领域投入，加强社会保障体系建设，着力解决民生问题。我们清醒地认识到，中国虽然取得了经济社会发展的巨大成就，但仍然是世界上最大的发展中国家，人口多、底子薄、发展不平衡的基本国情没有改变，经济社会发展面临诸多突出矛盾和挑战。我们将继续按照科学发展的要求，深化改革开放，全面推进经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设以及生态文明建设，促进现代化建设各个环节、各个方面相协调，不断增加社会物质财富、改善人民生活，努力实现经济社会全面协调可持续发展。
China is a strong supporter and follower of inclusive growth, a concept that is consistent with our pursuit of scientific development and social harmony.While speeding up the transformation of economic growth pattern and maintaining stable and relatively fast economic growth, China is committed to integrating economic development with improvement of people's lives.We focus on addressing issues that directly concern people's biggest and most immediate interests, and endeavor to promote social progress designed to improve people's livelihood.In response to the international financial crisis, China has introduced the policy of ensuring economic growth, people's livelihood and stability.We adopted a proactive fiscal policy and a moderately easy monetary policy.We vigorously promoted economic development, focusing on improving efficiency, and, at the same time, increased input in social programs, intensifying our efforts to improve the social safety net and address problems concerning people's livelihood.We are keenly aware that despite the significant achievements in economic and social development, China remains the largest developing country in the world.China's basic national conditions, a huge population, weak economic foundation and imbalance in development, remain unchanged, and we face many serious challenges in economic and social development.We will stay committed to scientific development, deepen reform and opening-up, and push forward economic, political, cultural, social and ecological development in an all-round way.We will better coordinate the various links and aspects in our modernization drive, create even more social wealth, and improve people's lives to achieve all-round, balanced and sustainable economic and social development。
亚太区域合作正面临着前所未有的机遇。亚太经合组织各成员应该携起手来，充分运用亚太经合组织这一合作平台，深化合作，拓展合作，不断朝着持久和平、共同繁荣的目标迈进，不断造福亚太人民和世界各国人民。
Cooperation in the Asia-Pacific region faces unprecedented opportunities of
第四篇：胡主席在APEC人力资源开发会议致辞
胡主席在APEC人力资源开发会议致辞
热11已有 260 次阅读 2010-09-30 17:02 标签: 人力资源 APEC 致辞 会议 开发
2010年9月16日...9月16日，中国国家主席胡主席在北京人民大会堂出席第五届APEC人力资源开发部长级会议开幕式并致辞。
深化交流合作 实现包容性增长
——在第五届亚太经合组织人力资源开发部长级会议上的致辞
中国国家主席 胡主席
2010年9月16日
Deepen Exchanges and Cooperation for Inclusive Growth
--Address by President Hu Jintao At the Fifth APEC Human Resources Development Ministerial Meeting
September 16, 2010
女士们，先生们：
Ladies and Gentlemen，今天，来自亚太经合组织各成员的朋友们齐聚北京，参加第五届亚太经合组织人力资源开发部长级会议。这次会议的主题是“开发人力资源、大力促进就业、实现包容性增长”。首先，我谨代表中国政府和人民，对会议的召开表示热烈的祝贺！对与会各位代表表示诚挚的欢迎！
Today, friends from the APEC member economies are gathering in Beijing for the Fifth APEC Human Resources Development Ministerial Meeting.The theme of the meeting is “Developing Human Resources, Vigorously Promoting Employment and Realizing Inclusive Growth”.First of all, I wish to extend, on behalf of the Chinese government and people, warm congratulations on the opening of the meeting and sincere welcome to all delegates。
亚太地区是全球最具发展活力和潜力的地区之一，21个成员的经济总量占世界经济总量近60%，在世界经济格局中具有重要地位和作用。经过21年的发展，亚太经合组织已成为亚太地区机制最完善、层级最高的经济合作组织之一。
The Asia-Pacific region is among the world's most dynamic regions with the greatest development potential.It has an important place and role in the world economy, with the 21 APEC member economies making up nearly 60% of total global economic output.After 21 years of development, APEC has become an economic cooperation organization in the Asia-Pacific region that has the most full-fledged institutions and attracts the highest level of participation。
国际金融危机的发生和应对使我们更加深刻地认识到，在经济全球化深入发展的今天，要推动世界经济可持续增长、有效应对世界经济面临的风险和挑战，各国各地区必须加强交流合作，协力解决经济发展中的深层次、结构性问题。2009年亚太经合组织第十七次领导人非正式会议就包容性增长达成共识，提出要更好抓住经济全球化带来的机遇、更好应对经济全球化带来的挑战，创造就业机会，造福广大民众。实现包容性增长，切实解决经济发展中出现的社会问题，为推进贸易和投资自由化、实现经济长远发展奠定坚实社会基础，这是亚太经合组织各成员需要共同研究和着力解决的重大课题。
In the wake of the international financial crisis and based on our experience in dealing with the crisis, we have become more acutely aware of one thing.In an era of deepening economic globalization, if we want to ensure sustained global economic growth and effectively tackle the risks and challenges faced by the world economy, all countries and regions must strengthen exchanges and cooperation and work together to address the underlying, structural issues in economic development.The 17th APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting in 2009 reached consensus on inclusive growth, and highlighted the importance of seizing the opportunities brought by economic globalization to better meet the challenges of economic globalization and create job opportunities for the benefit of our people.To realize inclusive growth, to resolve the social issues emerging from economic development and to lay a solid social foundation for trade promotion, investment facilitation and long-term economic development are all major topics that we, the APEC member economies, need to work on together。
实现包容性增长，根本目的是让经济全球化和经济发展成果惠及所有国家和地区、惠及所有人群，在可持续发展中实现经济社会协调发展。我们应该朝着生产发展、生活富裕、生态良好的目标，坚持发展经济，着力转变经济发展方式，提高经济发展质量，增加社会财富，不断为全体人民逐步过上富裕生活创造物质基础。我们应该坚持社会公平正义，着力促进人人平等获得发展机会，逐步建立以权利公平、机会公平、规则公平、分配公平为主要内容的社会公平保障体系，不断消除人民参与经济发展、分享经济发展成果方面的障碍。我们应该坚持以人为本，着力保障和改善民生，建立覆盖全民的社会保障体系，注重解决教育、劳动就业、医疗卫生、养老、住房等民生问题，努力做到发展为了人民、发展依靠人民、发展成果由人民共享。在这里，我愿就本次会议主题提出以下4点建议。
The ultimate purpose of inclusive growth is to spread the benefits of economic globalization and economic development among all countries, regions and people and to realize balanced economic and social progress through sustainable development.Our goal is greater productivity and prosperity and a better environment.To this end, we must develop the economy, transform the economic development pattern, raise the efficiency of economic development, and create more social wealth so that our people can lead a better life.We should pursue social equity and justice.To this end, we must ensure everyone equal access to development opportunities, steadily put in place a system for guaranteeing social equity with a focus on ensuring fairness in rights, opportunities, rules and distribution, and eradicate obstacles that keep our people from participating in economic development or sharing the fruits of economic development.We should put people first, ensure and improve people's livelihood, institute a social safety net that covers all, and address issues vital to people's livelihood, including education, labor and employment, health care, old-age support and housing.We should work hard to ensure that development is for the people and by the people and its fruits are shared among the people.Here, I want to make the following four proposals within the context of the theme of the meeting:
第一，优先开发人力资源。人力资源开发，对提高人们参与经济发展和改善自身生存发展条件，对推动经济持续发展、实现包容性增长，具有基础性的重要意义。人力资源是可持续开发的资源，人力资源优势是最需培育、最有潜力、最可依靠的优势。我们应该牢固树立人力资源是经济社会发展第一资源的理念，加快形成人力资源优先发展的战略布局。要优先调整人力资源结构，优先投资人力资源开发，创新人力资源制度，建立政府、社会、用人单位、个人共同投资人力资源开发机制，积极谋划和调整人力资源专业结构、层级结构、分布结构，大力激发各类人力资源的创新活力和创造智慧。
First, give priority to human resources development.Human resources development holds the key to people's full participation in economic development and to improvement of conditions for their survival and development.It also provides the basis for sustainable economic development and inclusive growth.Development of human resources can be sustainable.Among all the advantages we are endowed with, the advantage in human resources is the most reliable.It can bring out the greatest potential in us and its development calls for our utmost efforts.We should be committed to the concept that human resources are the number one resources in economic and social development, and should speed up efforts to form strategies that give priority to human resources development.We should focus on readjusting the structures of human resources and investing in human resources development.We should make institutional innovations in human resources development by building a development mechanism that is jointly invested by the government, society, employers and individuals.And we should actively plan for and make readjustments to the professional mix, level and distribution of human resources, so as to boost the innovation power of human resources of all kinds。
第二，实施充分就业的发展战略。就业是民生之本，实现社会充分就业是让更多人分享经济社会发展成果的重要途径。我们应该把充分就业作为经济社会发展的优先目标，实施扩大就业的发展战略，最大限度创造劳动者就业和发展机会，努力实现充分就业。要强化政府促进就业的责任，实施更加积极的就业政策，实施相应的财政、金融、产业等方面政策，建设覆盖城乡的公共就业服务体系，健全面向所有困难民众的就业援助长效制度，完善就业与社会保障的联动机制，促进体面劳动，构建和谐劳动关系。
Second, implement the strategy of full employment.Employment is vital to people's livelihood.Full employment in society will enable more people to share the fruits of economic and social development.We should make full employment our priority goal in economic and social development and implement the strategy of expanding employment to maximize employment and development opportunities for workers and ensure full employment for our people.The government should take greater responsibility in employment promotion.We should implement a more proactive employment policy and relevant fiscal, financial and industrial policies and build a public service system for employment that covers both rural and urban areas.We need to improve the long-term employment aid system that is accessible to all people with difficulties, and enhance the interactive mechanism between employment and social security.We also need to promote decent work as well as harmonious labor relations。
第三，提高劳动者素质和能力。提高劳动者素质，使经济发展真正走上主要依靠科技进步、劳动者素质提高、管理创新的轨道，是实现人的全面发展的必然要求，也是推动经济社会发展的重要保证。转变经济发展方式，推动经济结构优化升级，促进经济社会协调发展，对劳动者素质提出了更高要求。我们应该引导广大劳动者提高思想道德素质和科学文化素质，提高劳动能力和劳动水平，努力掌握新知识、新技能、新本领，成为适应新形势下经济社会发展要求的高素质劳动者。要主动与经济发展方式转变和经济结构优化升级相适应，建立健全面向全体劳动者的职业技能培训制度，形成有利于劳动者学习成才的引导机制、培训机制、评价机制、激励机制，全面提高劳动者职业素质和技能水平。要充分发挥教育在提高劳动者素质和能力中的重要作用，按照建设学习型社会和实施终身教育的要求，优先发展教育，提高教育现代化水平，坚持教育的公益性和普惠性，保障公民依法享有受教育的权利，努力培养造就高素质劳动者、专门人才和拔尖创新人才。
Third, improve the quality and capacity of our workers.We need to improve the quality of workers and make sure that economic growth is truly driven by scientific and technological advancement, improvement of workers' quality and innovation in management.This meets the need for people's all-round development and provides a major guarantee for economic and social development.We need to improve the quality of our workers to promote transformation of the economic growth pattern, economic restructuring and upgrading and harmonious growth between the economy and society.We should offer proper guidance to our workers so that they will improve their moral and educational background, raise their working capacity, obtain new knowledge, skills and know-how and become high-quality workers to meet the needs of economic and social development in the new era.We should take steps to adapt to changes in economic growth pattern and improvement of economic structures, and build and improve a vocational training system accessible to all workers and formulate a guiding system, training system, evaluation system and incentive system to help our workers improve their professional and technical skills in an all-round manner.It is important to bring into full play the role of education in improving the quality and capacity of workers.To achieve the goal of building a study-oriented society and realizing life-long education, we need to give priority to education, make it more modernized, and ensure its non-profit and universal nature.We should protect our citizens' right to education as provided for by law and work hard to nurture high-quality workers, professional talents and leading creative talents。
第四，构建可持续发展的社会保障体系。完善的社会保障体系是经济社会发展的重要保障，也是社会和谐稳定的安全网。我们应该在经济发展的基础上建立覆盖城乡居民的社会保障体系，坚持广覆盖、保基本、多层次、可持续，加强社会保险、社会救助、社会福利的衔接和协调，不断提高社会保障水平。要加大公共财政的社会保障投入，扩大各类社会保险覆盖面，健全社会救助体系，发展社会福利事业和慈善事业，不断在全体人民学有所教、劳有所得、病有所医、老有所养、住有所居上取得新成效。
Fourth, build a social security system that ensures sustainable development.A sound social security system is a major guarantee for economic and social development;it also provides a safety net for social harmony and stability.On the basis of economic development, we should build a social security system covering both urban and rural residents, and ensure its coverage is broad, basic, multi-tiered and sustainable.We should better coordinate social insurance, social assistance and social welfare, and raise the level of social security steadily.We should vigorously increase social security input in government budget, expand the coverage of social insurance, improve the social assistance system, and promote social welfare and charity endeavors so that we will better ensure our people's rights to education, employment, medical and old-age care and housing。
务实合作、互利共赢，是实现亚太经合组织各成员共同发展的必由之路。我们要加强经济技术合作，推动区域贸易和投资自由化，缩小成员间发展差距，实现共同繁荣。要加强就业、社会保障等领域交流合作，推动成员政策对话和经验共享。要拓宽人力资源开发合作领域，建设技术合作平台，提升合作水平，重点帮助发展中成员开发人力资源。为推动亚太经合组织人力资源领域合作，中国决定会同各成员启动“亚太经合组织技能开发促进项目”。
Practical and win-win cooperation is essential if we, APEC member economies, are to achieve common development.We should beef up economic and technical cooperation, advance regional trade and investment liberalization, and narrow the development gap among member economies to promote common prosperity.We should work more closely in employment, social security and other fields by promoting policy dialogue and experience sharing.We should broaden our cooperation in human resources development, build platforms for technical cooperation, and raise our cooperation level with the focus on helping developing members in human resources development.To this end, China has decided to launch, together with other APEC member economies, the APEC Skills Development Promotion Project。
中国是包容性增长的积极倡导者，更是包容性增长的积极实践者。中国强调推动科学发展、促进社会和谐，本身就具有包容性增长的涵义。我们既强调加快转变经济发展方式、保持经济平稳较快发展，又强调坚持把发展经济与改善民生紧密结合起来，以解决人民最关心最直接最现实的利益问题为着力点，大力推进以改善民生为重点的社会建设。在应对国际金融危机冲击的过程中，中国提出保增长、保民生、保稳定的方针，实施积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策，既积极推动经济发展、提高经济发展质量，又加大社会领域投入，加强社会保障体系建设，着力解决民生问题。我们清醒地认识到，中国虽然取得了经济社会发展的巨大成就，但仍然是世界上最大的发展中国家，人口多、底子薄、发展不平衡的基本国情没有改变，经济社会发展面临诸多突出矛盾和挑战。我们将继续按照科学发展的要求，深化改革开放，全面推进经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设以及生态文明建设，促进现代化建设各个环节、各个方面相协调，不断增加社会物质财富、改善人民生活，努力实现经济社会全面协调可持续发展。
China is a strong supporter and follower of inclusive growth, a concept that is consistent with our pursuit of scientific development and social harmony.While speeding up the transformation of economic growth pattern and maintaining stable and relatively fast economic growth, China is committed to integrating economic development with improvement of people's lives.We focus on addressing issues that directly concern people's biggest and most immediate interests, and endeavor to promote social progress designed to improve people's livelihood.In response to the international financial crisis, China has introduced the policy of ensuring economic growth, people's livelihood and stability.We adopted a proactive fiscal policy and a moderately easy monetary policy.We vigorously promoted economic development, focusing on improving efficiency, and, at the same time, increased input in social programs, intensifying our efforts to improve the social safety net and address problems concerning people's livelihood.We are keenly aware that despite the significant achievements in economic and social development, China remains the largest developing country in the world.China's basic national conditions, a huge population, weak economic foundation and imbalance in development, remain unchanged, and we face many serious challenges in economic and social development.We will stay committed to scientific development, deepen reform and opening-up, and push forward economic, political, cultural, social and ecological development in an all-round way.We will better coordinate the various links and aspects in our modernization drive, create even more social wealth, and improve people's lives to achieve all-round, balanced and sustainable economic and social development。
亚太区域合作正面临着前所未有的机遇。亚太经合组织各成员应该携起手来，充分运用亚太经合组织这一合作平台，深化合作，拓展合作，不断朝着持久和平、共同繁荣的目标迈进，不断造福亚太人民和世界各国人民。
Cooperation in the Asia-Pacific region faces unprecedented opportunities of development.We, APEC members, should work together and make the best use of this APEC cooperation platform to deepen and broaden our cooperation.Hand in hand, let's move toward the objective of enduring peace and common prosperity for the benefit of people in the Asia-Pacific and the world at large。
祝本次会议取得圆满成功！
I wish this meeting a complete success!
谢谢各位。
Thank you。
第五篇：胡锦涛在APEC人力资源开发会议致辞[定稿]
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胡锦涛在APEC人力资源开发会议致辞
2010年9月16日...9月16日，中国国家主席胡锦涛在北京人民大会堂出席第五届APEC人力资源开发部长级会议开幕式并致辞。
资料图：胡锦涛与与会人员见面
深化交流合作 实现包容性增长
——在第五届亚太经合组织人力资源开发部长级会议上的致辞
中国国家主席 胡锦涛
2010年9月16日
Deepen Exchanges and Cooperation for Inclusive Growth
--Address by President Hu Jintao At the Fifth APEC Human Resources Development Ministerial Meeting
September 16, 2010
女士们，先生们：
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Ladies and Gentlemen，今天，来自亚太经合组织各成员的朋友们齐聚北京，参加第五届亚太经合组织人力资源开发部长级会议。这次会议的主题是“开发人力资源、大力促进就业、实现包容性增长”。首先，我谨代表中国政府和人民，对会议的召开表示热烈的祝贺!对与会各位代表表示诚挚的欢迎!
Today, friends from the APEC member economies are gathering in Beijing for the Fifth APEC Human Resources Development Ministerial Meeting.The theme of the meeting is “Developing Human Resources, Vigorously Promoting Employment and Realizing Inclusive Growth”.First of all, I wish to extend, on behalf of the Chinese government and people, warm congratulations on the opening of the meeting and sincere welcome to all delegates。
亚太地区是全球最具发展活力和潜力的地区之一，21个成员的经济总量占世界经济总量近60%，在世界经济格局中具有重要地位和作用。经过21年的发展，亚太经合组织已成为亚太地区机制最完善、层级最高的经济合作组织之一。
The Asia-Pacific region is among the world's most dynamic regions with the greatest development potential.It has an important place and role in the world economy, with the 21 APEC member economies making up nearly 60% of total global economic output.After 21 years of development, APEC has become an economic cooperation organization in the Asia-Pacific region that has the most full-fledged institutions and attracts the highest level of participation。
国际金融危机的发生和应对使我们更加深刻地认识到，在经济全球化深入发展的今天，要推动世界经济可持续增长、有效应对世界经济面临的风险和挑战，各国各地区必须加强交流合作，协力解决经济发展中的深层次、结构性问题。2009年亚太经合组织第十七次领导人非正式会议就包容性增长达成共识，提出要更好抓住经济全球化带来的机遇、更好应对经济全球化带来的挑战，创造就业机会，造福广大民众。实现包容性增长，切实解决经济发展中出现的社会问题，为推进贸易和投资自由化、实现经济长远发展奠定坚实社会基础，这是亚太经合组织各成员需要共同研究和着力解决的重大课题。
In the wake of the international financial crisis and based on our experience in dealing with the crisis, we have become more acutely aware of one thing.In an era of deepening economic globalization, if we want to ensure sustained global economic growth and effectively tackle the risks and challenges faced by the world economy, all countries and regions must strengthen exchanges and cooperation and work together to address the underlying, structural issues in economic development.The 17th APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting in 2009 reached consensus on inclusive growth, and highlighted the
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importance of seizing the opportunities brought by economic globalization to better meet the challenges of economic globalization and create job opportunities for the benefit of our people.To realize inclusive growth, to resolve the social issues emerging from economic development and to lay a solid social foundation for trade promotion, investment facilitation and long-term economic development are all major topics that we, the APEC member economies, need to work on together。
实现包容性增长，根本目的是让经济全球化和经济发展成果惠及所有国家和地区、惠及所有人群，在可持续发展中实现经济社会协调发展。我们应该朝着生产发展、生活富裕、生态良好的目标，坚持发展经济，着力转变经济发展方式，提高经济发展质量，增加社会财富，不断为全体人民逐步过上富裕生活创造物质基础。我们应该坚持社会公平正义，着力促进人人平等获得发展机会，逐步建立以权利公平、机会公平、规则公平、分配公平为主要内容的社会公平保障体系，不断消除人民参与经济发展、分享经济发展成果方面的障碍。我们应该坚持以人为本，着力保障和改善民生，建立覆盖全民的社会保障体系，注重解决教育、劳动就业、医疗卫生、养老、住房等民生问题，努力做到发展为了人民、发展依靠人民、发展成果由人民共享。在这里，我愿就本次会议主题提出以下4点建议。
The ultimate purpose of inclusive growth is to spread the benefits of economic globalization and economic development among all countries, regions and people and to realize balanced economic and social progress through sustainable development.Our goal is greater productivity and prosperity and a better environment.To this end, we must develop the economy, transform the economic development pattern, raise the efficiency of economic development, and create more social wealth so that our people can lead a better life.We should pursue social equity and justice.To this end, we must ensure everyone equal access to development opportunities, steadily put in place a system for guaranteeing social equity with a focus on ensuring fairness in rights, opportunities, rules and distribution, and eradicate obstacles that keep our people from participating in economic development or sharing the fruits of economic development.We should put people first, ensure and improve people's livelihood, institute a social safety net that covers all, and address issues vital to people's livelihood, including education, labor and employment, health care, old-age support and housing.We should work hard to ensure that development is for the people and by the people and its fruits are shared among the people.Here, I want to make the following four proposals within the context of the theme of the meeting:
第一，优先开发人力资源。人力资源开发，对提高人们参与经济发展和改善自身生存发展条件，对推动经济持续发展、实现包容性增长，具有基础性的重要意义。人力资源是可持续开发的资源，人力资源优势是最需培育、最有潜力、最可依靠的优势。我们应该牢固树立人力资源是经济社会发展第一资源的理念，加快形成人力资源优先发展的战略布局。要优先调整人力资源结构，优先投资人力资源开发，创新人力资源制度，建立政府、社会、用人单
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位、个人共同投资人力资源开发机制，积极谋划和调整人力资源专业结构、层级结构、分布结构，大力激发各类人力资源的创新活力和创造智慧。
First, give priority to human resources development.Human resources development holds the key to people's full participation in economic development and to improvement of conditions for their survival and development.It also provides the basis for sustainable economic development and inclusive growth.Development of human resources can be sustainable.Among all the advantages we are endowed with, the advantage in human resources is the most reliable.It can bring out the greatest potential in us and its development calls for our utmost efforts.We should be committed to the concept that human resources are the number one resources in economic and social development, and should speed up efforts to form strategies that give priority to human resources development.We should focus on readjusting the structures of human resources and investing in human resources development.We should make institutional innovations in human resources development by building a development mechanism that is jointly invested by the government, society, employers and individuals.And we should actively plan for and make readjustments to the professional mix, level and distribution of human resources, so as to boost the innovation power of human resources of all kinds。
第二，实施充分就业的发展战略。就业是民生之本，实现社会充分就业是让更多人分享经济社会发展成果的重要途径。我们应该把充分就业作为经济社会发展的优先目标，实施扩大就业的发展战略，最大限度创造劳动者就业和发展机会，努力实现充分就业。要强化政府促进就业的责任，实施更加积极的就业政策，实施相应的财政、金融、产业等方面政策，建设覆盖城乡的公共就业服务体系，健全面向所有困难民众的就业援助长效制度，完善就业与社会保障的联动机制，促进体面劳动，构建和谐劳动关系。
Second, implement the strategy of full employment.Employment is vital to people's livelihood.Full employment in society will enable more people to share the fruits of economic and social development.We should make full employment our priority goal in economic and social development and implement the strategy of expanding employment to maximize employment and development opportunities for workers and ensure full employment for our people.The government should take greater responsibility in employment promotion.We should implement a more proactive employment policy and relevant fiscal, financial and industrial policies and build a public service system for employment that covers both rural and urban areas.We need to improve the long-term employment aid system that is accessible to all people with difficulties, and enhance the interactive mechanism between employment and social security.We also need to promote decent work as well as harmonious labor relations。
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