第一篇:全球化的利与弊英文作文
Globalization`s dual power Globalization has found a significant place in the lives of the people.During the process of globalization, we have made a bridge where ideas and beliefs can cross the borders, and the walls of distrust and the barriers of suspicion between countries have gradually disappeared.Though globalization is seen as a sign of a hopeful future by some, there are others who believe that it can cause a horrible disaster for the world economy.Counties benefit a lot from globalization, especially the developing countries.With it, there is a global market for companies to trade their products which can make the production sector develop rapidly.This gives lots of options to the manufacturers as well.Besides, competition keeps prices relatively low and it can provide a wider range of options for people, to choose from among the products of different nations.In addition, there is a sound flow of money, as a result, inflation is less likely to occur.But the disadvantages brought by globalization cannot be ignored.Globalization is causing Europeans to lose their jobs as work is being swerved to the Asian countries.The cost of labor in the Asian countries is low as compared to other countries which is often argued that poor countries are exploited by the richer countries where the work force is taken advantage of and low wages are implemented.Moreover, companies are as opening their counterparts in other countries which can result in transferring the quality of their product to other countries, thereby increasing the chances of poor quality.Simply put, globalization is an ongoing process of integration of regional economies into global network of communication which the human being cannot hold back.toward it, take good use of it and avoid disadvantages at the same time.Thus there will be a better world where all the people can have a brighter future.
第二篇:全球化的利与弊
全球化的利与弊
李:刚才陈双荣讲了经典全球化理论、帝国主义与全球化等。白晓兰补充了反全球化的原因、特点、表现和意义等等。接下来我们几个想对全球化的利与弊这个问题进行一个简单的对话。我们都知道,全球化是新经济的重要内容之一。经过新经济的催发, 全球化如同一股大潮, 汹涌奔腾, 势不可挡, 席卷了地球村里的每一个人。
梁: 其实, 这并不是什么新经济。跨国经营, 是资本内在的扩张的本质所决定的。早在中世纪, 跨越民族国家边界的贸易就已经进行了。在20世纪初, 商品、资本、人员的跨国界流动是很活跃的。英国在191 4年顶峰时代, 净资本的外流占GDP的9%, 比日本、德国80年代的资本外流量还高。是30年代的大萧条, 使各国政府相继控制资本, 以免大量流出而产生金融危机。二战后, 在西方国家之间跨国经营又成为潮流, 只是由于冷战的对峙而受到局限。20世纪90年代, 冷战结束了, 世界进入了以和平与发展为主题的时代,而以信息产业为先锋的高新技术产业的迅猛发展, 拉近了世界的距离, 全球化成为一股汹涌的大潮。可以这样说, 市场经济是全球化的本质动力, 跨国公司是全球化的急先锋, 高新技术是全球化的助推器。
覃:是的。正因为如此, “全球化”一词出现在20世纪80年代。到1992年, 当时的联合国秘书长加利在联合国日的致词中说:第一个真正的全球化的时代已经到来。前任秘书长安南也认为:全球化是一个事实。
20世纪末,资本、商品、人员、服务甚至是知识, 都开始了大规模的跨国界流动。据当时的英国《焦点》杂志统计, 世界上有7500万人就职于外资公司, 美国境外至少有2 500万人在为美国公司工作。所以,21世纪的人类社会, 就必然地进入了一个全球化的时代。
李:但是我认为这不是一件好事。经济全球化实际上把市场经济消极的东西也同时全球化了, 污染全球化, 移民全球化, 疾病传染全球化, 生态破坏全球化, 毒品泛滥也全球化。即使经济全球化, 也不是所有人的福音。全球化能带来许多好处和机会, 也必将造成许多混乱和不和谐。正如日本报刊所说, 这个全球化是美国的全球化, 充其量是发达国家的全球化, 发展中国家是被动地被纳入其中的。全球化给这个世界造成了更大的不平等。对于全球化, 不是所有人都为之欢呼的。
覃:我不赞同国泉同学的观点。我认为,全球化是一股历史的大潮、时代的大潮, 就像所有人都必然随着地球自西向东转动一样, 不是你加不加入的选择, 而是自觉不自觉地被纳入其中, 是不可抗拒的。发展中国家决不能置身其外, 关键是如何兴利除弊、主动迎战。
梁:是的。我们无法想象一个国家能在封闭的状态下实现发展与腾飞。参与全球化, 是发展中国家后来居上的必由之路。利用全球化的机遇, 发挥”后发效应”, 弥补资本形成的先天不足, 获得更多的技术选择和市场选择的机会, 借发达国家产业梯度转移之机, 加速工业化, 现代化的进程。积极参与全球化, 并不意味着接受“西化”走入“陷阱”。那种认为必须摆脱全球化、走民族主义的道路的观点, 是行不通的。
覃:封闭意味着落后,落后就要挨打。这是近代中国历史证明的真理。中国之所以能在近三十多年里取得令世人瞩目的成就, 其中重要一条, 我认为就是坚持了对外开放的基本国策。我们提出利用好“两个市场、两种资源”的方针, 将大步走出国门, 融入全球经济一体化的大潮。李:你们两个说的有一定道理。但是,我们应当清醒地看到, 这个全球化是西方主导的。其理论基础是政治上保守、经济上反对国家干预、追求所谓“竞争性秩序”的新自由主义。米尔顿·弗里德曼在《资本主义与自由》中说, 任何追求反市场政策的政府都是反民主的;生产、分配、交换和社会组织都由市场力量决定。这实际上是奉行着弱肉强食的“丛林规则”。安东尼·吉登斯,也写了很多的全球化的著作。哈贝马斯甚至设计了“后民族国家格局”。他们认为, 人们生存于一个全球的“竞争性秩序”之中, 国家的力量挡不住全球化的力量;市场不再是国家的了, 而是全球的;而且随着经济全球化, 政治、文化、法律和价值观念等都应全球化。
梁:正因为是这样, 在20世纪末出现了一股反全球化的浪潮。在西雅图召开世界贸易组织会议时, 来自全球各地的几万人把那个城市闹得翻天覆地。人们抗议的主题, 不外是全球化加剧了生态破坏, 加剧了贫富分化的不平等愈演愈烈, 抗议在全球化中很少听到发展中国家的声音。
覃:金风说得对。在全球化的过程中, 发展中国家处于弱者的地位, 好像他们应该反对全球化似的。其实恰恰相反, 这些反全球化的人们, 主要来自发达国家。他们当中的确有担忧跨国公司追逐利润破坏生态环境、加剧财富分配不平等的正义之士, 但也有不少人担心开放国内市场,可能会使他们的工资降低、甚至会丢掉饭碗等。
李:这种反全球化的浪潮恰恰说明了, 在强大的资本力量无孔不入而却缺乏有效管理的情况下, 全球化导致了一股无政府主义倾向的泛滥。
梁:随着全球化的进程, 穷国与富国之间的差距越来越大了。同时这一进程也带来了基于教育和知识不平等基础之上的“种族歧视”。但是,尽管如此, 正如我刚才所说的:发展中国家并不反对全球化。他们反对的是全球化中的不合理的规则和秩序, 反对一些发达国家全面市场自由的虚伪。冷战结束后, 就连几个最封闭的国家都缓慢地对外开放。现在几乎所有发展中国家的政府, 都渴望平等地加入全球经济一体化的浪潮中。
李:是的。美国和西方发达国家是全球化的推动者。这就如一个竞技场, 他们是运动员 , 同时他们也是规则的制定者, 而且还是裁判, 这对于被动地加入其中的发展中国家来说, 自然是不平等的。这就是随着全球化的进展, 一些国家却越来越贫穷的原因, 也是不少人批 判世界银行、国际货币基金组织和世贸组织的原因。而且鼓吹全球化最起劲、总是攻击别人封锁市场的美国, 实行一种双重标准, 国内市场并不全面开放。
梁:说到全球化。我们还不得不提到跨国公司。跨国公司是全球化的最重要的载体和主角。全球化使得跨国公司不仅在经济上, 而且通过各种各样的社会阶层、通讯网络、市场关系和生活方式, 超越了民族国家的疆界。
李:全球化的一个代价是民族国家的功能被削弱。这是一系列因素作用的结果, 其中包 括国际资本日益增强的流动性、市场全球化、国际经济组织的功能以及日益增强的国际竞争。这使得各国原有的体制、政治领导能力、社会设施、政策体系、价值观念和文化都面临着全 球化的冲击。覃:不能夸大跨国公司对民族国家的削弱程度, 也不能因此就把跨国公司说得一无是处。他们的投资尤其是生产性的长期投资, 为接受地区创造了就业机会, 带去了先进技术, 增加 了税收, 客观上有利于当地经济和社会的发展。这是人所共知的。而且跨国公司也在改变形 象, 比如他们为社区建图书馆、学校, 赞助文化体育活动, 进行慈善事业等, 正试图与社区 融合在一起。
梁:全球化的进程, 使民族国家似乎在某种程度受到削弱, 但却仍是不可替代的。全球 化应是政府主导的全球化。
李:说到全球化,人们也经常联系到区域化。全球化的现实, 使人们在寻求更加多样化的办法来适应和解决世界市场出现的新问题。在全球化的同时, 经济区域化的趋势也在加强。如欧盟、东盟。
梁:不仅如此,对发展中国家来说, 区域化既可以保护自己的利益, 还可以作为进入全球化的一个阶梯。
覃:区域化并不一定能成为通向全球化的可靠阶梯, 相反却可能成为国际冲突的新的根 源。在西欧走向一体化的同时, 东欧等地却出现了破碎化的现象。这真是一种讽刺。
梁:全球化的过程, 本质上就是一个内在地充满矛盾的过程。“与国际接轨”已为人们普 遍接受, 但各国都没有忘记其本国的传统和特征, 总是将国际惯例与本国的实际结合起来, 使国际惯例本土化。
覃:所以说,全球化不仅是相互交往, 而且是相互交织、相互融合的过程。人类需要“共赢”的全球化, 需要平等的全球化, 需要共存的全球化。
第三篇:经济全球化的利与弊
全球化的利与弊
全球化是一种概念更是一种人类社会发展的现象过程,现如今全球化已经成为最热门的一个词之一了,其实这个概念并不是现代才有,早在古代就有各种商业的往来,比如丝绸之路就是为了达到经济全球化的产物,全球化体现在许多不同的方面,比如说信息全球化和经济全球化。经济全球化已成为不可逆转的趋势和不可抗拒的客观现实。经济全球化是福还是祸, 是利还是弊?对这个问题可以从不同的角度和层面作出不尽相同的回答。
信息全球化可以使全球的人之间的距离缩小了,真正的变成了一个地球村,在与古代只能靠书信往来的时代相比,现在人们的生活更加方便与快捷,只需要敲敲手指就能与大洋彼岸的人通话与视频,这是创新带来的成果,信息全球化也给我们带来了资源共享的进步,提高了生产力,人们有更多的途径与方式接受各种各样的新知识。
与信息全球化相比经济全球化带来的影响更大,经济全球化直接代表着生活水平与现代文明的进步,经济全球化的发展推动了生产力的发展,经济全球化让国人充分利用外资,促进经济增长,全球化加快了生产社会化和国际化的进程,也促进了中国的向外发展,加速了中国经济的成功转型,经济全球化有利于我国利用国际国内两个市场,两种资源,促进我国企业走向世界。
全球化并不也只是带来好处,经济全球化最大的弊端就在于,拉大了两极差距,发达国家会越来越强大,而发展中国家只能日益成为发达国家发展的附属品,发达国家利用发展中国家的土地、资源、廉价的劳动力,给本国带来更大的资本输入,而发展过程中并不考虑对发展中国家所造成的危害,并不注意环保,污染等问题,正因为如此,在胡锦涛总书记执政期间提出了科学发展观,以人为本的理论,正是因为见识到了全球化带来的弊端。
经济全球化加剧了世界经济的动荡和不稳定,使世界经济发展的不平衡进一步扩大,加大了国与国之间的贫富差距,也使发展中国家长期以来处在于霸权主义的欺凌下。经济全球化带给发展中国家的最大威胁是国家主权受到了冲击和削弱。由于经济全球化条件下世界内市场力量的加强, 以及发达国家跨国大公司的不断扩张, 发展中国家在经济事务中的权力相对减弱。特别是由于生产结构越来越具有全球性, 发展中国家实际上已很难完全控制本国的生产结构。,经济全球化是一把双刃剑,但没有人也没有国家可以组织全球化,相反,全球化就像一阵飓风,会吹到更远的地方,覆盖更多的人,没有人可以逃避,我们只能或被动或主动的接受,全球化是福音,也是一个巨大的挑战,但只要中国挑战成功,中国将彻底摆脱发展中国家这个头衔迈入发达国家,到那时中国才实现了伟大复兴的中国梦,全球化并不是恶魔,只要利用的好它就是上帝派来的天使,他可以造福人类,为我们带来资金与先进的技术。
中国作为一个拥有五千年历史的大国,幅员广阔,人口众多,中国从来就不是一个可以忽视的存在,世界离不开中国,中国也离不开世界,中国要积极融入经济全球化的潮流中,既要把握机遇,又迎接挑战。
在接受全球化时我们也要求得一个最大的平衡,尽可能的规避可能存在的危害,将危害降到最小,最大程度的利用全球化,使这把双刃剑成为宝剑。只有这样中国才能在经济形势如此复杂的形势下披荆斩棘。
数学与应用数学 201525502111 潘海琳
第四篇:全球化利与弊英语辩论搞
文化多样性的减少Reduction of cultural diversity 全球化会抹平社会间的多样性这种局部多样性的减少又意味着人们可供选择的菜单的减少。
First, globalization will smooth out the diversity among the community,.This diversity of local people to reduce the mean reduction in choice of menu.文化既是民族的,又是世界的各民族都有自己文化的个性和特征。各民族文化都是世界文化中不可缺少
Culture is national, but also the world's.All ethnic groups have their own culture and personality characteristics.The national culture is indispensable to world culture
全球化导致贫富差距的扩大Globalization has led to the widening gap between rich and poor 全球化无疑促进了世界经济的整体成长,但全球经济利益的分配却是不成比例的。一小撮国家及跨国公司垄断游戏规则并掌控着世界市场。
Globalization undoubtedly contributed to the overall growth of the world economy, the global distribution of economic interests is disproportionate.A handful of national and multinational monopolies rules of the game and control the world market.目前,有关人士都宣扬经济全球化对发达国家“危害论”。然而,对世界经济和国际体系影响更大的却是全球化扩大了国家间的不平等。
At present, the persons concerned are to promote economic globalization on developed countries' damage theory."However, the world economy and the greater impact of the international system is globalization has increased inequality between countries.全球化导致发达国家对发展中国家的资源掠夺Globalization has led to plunder the resources developed to developing countries
全球化导致工业垃圾及环境破坏Globalization has led to industrial waste and environmental damage 资本家为了增加销量不断用广告及各式各样手法去刺激消费,不必要地为地球制造了大量的垃圾。此外,为求利润,跨国公司大量采用不安全的技术,造成大量工业废料及有毒垃圾。Capitalists in order to increase advertising and sales continue to use various techniques to stimulate consumption, unnecessarily large amount of garbage created the earth.In addition, for the sake of profit, multinational extensive use of unsafe technologies, resulting in a large number of industrial waste and toxic waste
全球化导致价值观的冲突Globalization has led to a conflict of values 全球化中的价值冲突,主要表现为不同民族和国家的价值观之间、特别是西方价值观与非西方价值观之间的冲突。
Globalization the values conflict, main performance for different nationalities and countries, especially between the values of western values and non-western values of the conflict between.全球化导致移民尤其是非法移民的增长Globalization has led to immigration, especially illegal immigration growth 全球化带来的收益与支付的成本在不同的国家之间和一国之内不同人群之间的分配也是不均衡的。The benefits of globalization and the cost of pay in different countries and different groups within one country between the distribution is not balanced between.也就是说发达国家和发展中国家在全球化发展中参与游戏的角色是不同的,所获得的利益是 That is the developed countries and developing countries in global development in the game role is different, benefit from is not
均衡的,这样的倾斜导致了发展中国家大量的非法移民流入发达国家
A balanced, so the tilt of the developing countries in a large number of illegal immigrants into the developed countries
1.stating an opinion 陈述观点 a.in my opinion… 我的意见是…… b.personally I think…… 我个人认为…… c.I believe that…… 我相信…… d.I think that…… 我觉得……
e.the point is that…… 我的观点是…… f.if you ask me…… 如果你问我……
g.I’d like to say this: …… 我会这样说…… h.I’d like to point out that 我想指出的是…… i.speaking for myself 站在自己的立场上说…… j.as far as I’m concerned,… 就我而言,…… k.in my experience… 根据我的经验…… 2.challenging an opinion 质疑某种观点 a.that can’t be true 那不可能是真的。b.but what about…? 但关于……方面呢? 3.clarifying a point 阐述观点 a.what I said was… 我刚才说的是…… b.what I mean to say was… 我的意思是说…… c.let me repeat what I said.让我重复我刚才所说的。d.let me rephrase what I said.让我重申刚才所说的。4.agreeing with an opinion 同意观点 a.of course 当然。b.right.是的。c.exactly.对。d.that’s true.是那样。
e.so do I.(neither do I.)我也这样认为。(不这样认为。)f.I agree completely.我完全赞同。
g.I agree with you entirely.我完全同意你所说的。h.you’re absolutely right.显然你是对的。i.that’s a good point.这个看法不错。
j.I couldn’t agree with you more.我绝对赞成你。k.that’s just what I think.我就是那样认为的。l.I feel the same way.我也持同样的想法。5.disagreeing with an opinion 反对意见。a.however,… 然而……
b.I’m afraid i disagree.恐怕我是持反对意见的。c.I don’t think so.我不那样认为。d.I don’t think… 我认为……不是那样的。e.on the other hand… 另一方面…… f.on the contrary.相反的。
g.that’s not(entirely)true.那不(完全)正确。h.I can’t possibly agree with you.我不可能同意你。
i.I hate to disagree with you,but… 我不喜欢反对你,但…… j.all right,but don’t you think…? 好吧,但难道你不觉得…… k.but that’s different.但那是不一样的。6.asking for an opinion 询问意见
a.well…what do you think(about…)? …你觉得怎么样?
b.do you agree?(don’t you agree?)你同意吗?(你是不是同意?)c.what’s your view on the matter? 就这件事你的看法呢? d.how do you see it? 你怎么看它?
e.let’s have your opinion.让我们听听你的意见!f.do you think that…? 你认为……吗?
(一)立论环节:正方一辩首先发言,接由反方一辩发言,时间各为4分钟。
(二)盘问环节:反方二辩首先盘问正方一辩,接由正方二辩盘问反方一辩,盘问总时为2分钟,随后由反方二辩率先进行驳论,再回正方二辩驳论,时间同为2分钟。(敬请参阅盘问与驳论规则)
(三)攻辩环节:双方三辩同时进行,各持2分钟对辩时间,随后先由正方三辩进行小结,再到反方三辩小结,时间各为2分钟。(敬请参阅攻辩规则)
(四)自由辩论:4位辩手交替发言,各队总时为5分钟。(敬请参阅自由辩论规则)
(五)结辩环节:反方四辩先行总结,再交由正方四辩最后发言,时间各为4分钟。
(七)评审退席:赛会评审退席商讨赛果。(敬请参阅赛果评决程序)
(八)发问环节:大会公开予双方智囊团与现场观众进行交流,建议发问时间不超过30秒,辩手回答时间不超过1分钟。(敬请参阅发问环节建议)
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每位辩手在限定发言时间剩下30秒时,大会将以1声铃响提示,发言时间完毕时,则以2声铃响提示,辩手则需立即停止发言。
第五篇:全球化的优缺点(英文)
Watch Out The Drawbacks of Globalisation It is fiercely argued about the globalisation whether merits outweigh drawbacks, as the progress of multinational corporations and the ampliative international trade.According to the definition given by an article named Turning Their Backs on The World(The Economics, 2009), globalisation is the procedure of integrating the movement of goods, capital and jobs in the global scope.Just as Tim(2009)mentioned, numerous famous products, such as Coca-cola, Accenture and Nike shoes, can be purchased almost all over the world.Indeed, globalisation has a significant impact on the economy, politics and culture, as a consequence, it has become an irreversible trend.Nonetheless, this essay attempts to demonstrate that the disadvantages emerged with the development of the globalisation are overweight when compared with benefits.In order to demonstrate this it will be shown that the favourable and unfavourable impacts brought by globalisation to the growth of a firm.Furthermore, the beneficial and adverse aspects influenced by the globalisation to the culture and economy of a country will also be discussed.As to the beneficial effects to a corporation, it is capable to decide on a flexible model for the futher growth which allows it to make the most use of local and overseas markets.For example, under the background of globalisation, international trade is a common form of business, therefore, the firm can select 1 to expand the business either in the local nation or across border to the appropriate nations where can help to achieve the most amount of profits, which is the main purpose of every corporation.Moreover, To expand to other countries means that has a wider market owning new customer groups with various demands, which consequently means that there hides huge business opportunities and a more generous margins.In a word, the increasing liberalization of markets all over the world are provided by globalisation to give multinational companies access to customers and profit margin unexpected, as are stated by Tim in 2009.Adversely, in despite of so many advantages, the opposite aspects can not be ignored and weigh even more.Firstly, globalisation may lead the disadvantaged companies to the situation of bankruptcy.An example about the experience of companies in Galax ,which is described in the ” Hard Truth about Helping The Losers from Globalisation ”(The Economics, 2007), is here suitable for a valid support.In order to gain better development, a firm is much difficult to avoid the fierce competition in an open and liberal economic environment.However, such environment and conditions indeed do not avail for those weaker companies with low level of technology and productivity, low quality of the staff and more backward level of management, which are easier eliminated from the market than companies with a powerful and abundant strength.Secondly, in the open globe, corporations have to bear higher risk in 2 the process of merger, acquisition or engaging normal commercial activities.Before the implementation of a commercial decision, accurate expectation of earnings and reasonable capital amount of investment should be projected according to the repeated investigation to the target market, unless it could be suffered from several types of of risks, such as credit risk, market risk and capital risk, which may cause imponderable damages to the company, even may lead to the elimination from local market.Therefore, a company should weigh the advantages and disadvantages of globalisation, especially the drawbacks, and avoid risks as much as possible.In terms of the impacts to a country, cultural elements from all corners of the world are integrated into its culture to enrich the original cultural content.It can be seen from the worldspread of festivals.Numerous Western festivals such as the Christmas, the Valentine’s Day , the April Fool’s Day are celebrated annually in China, meanwhile, Chinese traditional festivals like the Spring Festival, the Mid-autumn Day are accepted by other nations.What’s more, in the economic aspect, globalisation makes it convenient to exchange advanced financial information and accelerate capital flow.Lewis considered that globalisation provides a chance to less developed countries to improve the situations through an integration with the global economy.It was supported by Friedman, a Nobel laureate, who believed that greater wealth creation was led to by economic freedom.In addition, so-called organisations like the IMF, the 3 World Trade Organisation and the World Bank always serve amount of infrastructure fund to countries that get into financial difficulties(Lewis,2005).Altogether, globalisation produces cultural and economic benefits to a country.However, disadvantages are ineluctable.From the viewpoint of Klein(1999), globalisation will lead to ‘homogenization’.Ritzer(2004)asserted that big brands can create destruction of traditional culture of a country through the procedure of globalisation.The young will distinct alien culture with traditional culture and will be gradually diluted about some traditional opinions which are accepted by three generations or even more.Therefore, many cultural elements will disappeared as the development of cultural globalisation.Additionally, when it comes to the economic angle, the increased liquidity of capital brings about an unstable financial order, which will easily detonate economic crisis.Spreading through the economic ties, the crisis will evolve into a major crisis in a scope of globe.From other aspects, just as Lewis stressed, If the IMF and the World Bank were shut down, the developing countries would even worse duing to the diminished flow of resources served by these two international organizations.As presented above, globalisation can impact a country on the culture and economy to a significant extent.In conclusion, this essay has demonstrated that the disadvantages of globalisation impact on a firm and a nation far more significant than 4 advantages.Indeed, to a firm, globalisation provides a series of chances to expand market to multinational area and gain more profits, however, the company should also bear the risks brought by it.When considering to a country, evidence suggests that a richer content of culture can be formed through integration of global cultural elements, while it may detonate cultural homogenization.Furthermore, in economic aspect, although globalisation can service a convenience to acquire advanced information and the chance of improvement, it may cause the risk of global economic crisis and a potencial possibility of being even worse.Despite the fact that drawbacks are more than benefits, firms and nations can find an appropriate way to make the most of the advantages and to avoid disadvantages as possible.References The Economist print edition, 18th Jan 2007, ‘Hard Truths about Helping The Losers From Globalisation’.Lewis W(2005),Globalisation: Good or Bad? Guardian Unlimited.Klein N(2005), No Logo, HarperCollins Publishers, London.Ritzer G(2004), The McDonaldization of society.Revised New Century Edition.Pine Forge Press, California.Tim H(2009), The Economist Guide to Management Ideas and Gurus.