浅谈初中英语定语从句的讲解教学

第一篇：浅谈初中英语定语从句的讲解教学

浅谈初中英语定语从句的讲解

定语从句是初中英语中很常见的语法现象。虽然初中英语的定语从句一般要求学生掌握限制性定语从句，但对于初中学生来说，定语从句既是一个重点也是一个难点。而且对初中英语定语从句的掌握情况会直接影响高中英语中的定语从句的掌握水平。

要让学生理解和掌握定语从句，可以从以下几个方面入手：

一、让学生明确什么是定语从句

（一）首先让学生理解什么是定语。因为现在的语文已经淡化语法教学，对于初中学生来说，即使是汉语中的定语也不一定弄得清楚，更何况是英语中的定语。所以在引导学生学习定语从句前，必须让学生理解定语的含义。句子中修饰名词或代词的成分叫做定语。定语可以由形容词，名词，不定式，分词，动名词或从句来充当。例如： a beautiful city.（形容词），something interesting，（形容词修饰不定代词的定语后置）an English teacher（名词），a lot of work to do.（不定式）在讲解过程中，先举例说明，再让学生把这些词组翻译成汉语，然后得出结论修饰某个名词或代词，意思为“„„的”的词或短语就是定语。

（二）然后让学生明白什么是定语从句。在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。例如： I like the music that I can dance to.The man who is standing under the tree is Mr Li.引导学生这些句子翻译成汉语，再让学生指出哪些词是定语，并让学生观察定语的位置。于是，很自然地就让学生明白英语中的定语从句始终要放在被修饰的词之后，而汉语中的定语则放在被修饰词之前。

（三）让学生辨别定语从句

在初中阶段，学生容易把宾语从句和定语从句混淆，所以有必要让学生比较和区分两种从句。例如I can’t understand what he said.He told me that he had bought another new bike.I can’t understand anything that he said.He told me a story that was funny.让学生翻译比较这些句子，然后引导他们总结出两者的不同。

二、让学生掌握定语从句的结构

定语从句中的句型结构比较复杂，有先行词、关系代词或关系副词。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词或关系副词.关系代词主要有that, which, who, whom, whose 等。关系副词主要有where, when, why等。关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中要充当一个成分。关系代词在从句中可作主语、宾语或定语，关系副词在从句中作状语。例如： The woman whose son works as a doctor is very kind.(做定语)I can’t forget the day that he spent with me.（做宾语）

The girl who is in red is a new comer.（做主语）

在具体的示例中，要求学生找出哪里是先行词，哪里是从句，哪些是关系代词或副词，并明确它们在从句中的成分。在分析结构的过程中一定要由浅入深，循序渐进，便于学生学习和理解。

三、让学生明白何时用关系代词，何时用关系副词

对于初中学生来说，何时选用冠词代词或关系副词是定语从句中的一个难点。例如：I can’t forget the day _______ he spent with me.又如：The river ______ they are swimming is very dirty.The river ________ they are swimming in is very dirty.不少学生是凭借感觉来完成两种连词的选择的。其实，这涉及到从句是否缺宾语的问题。当我们发现从句的谓语动词或谓语动词+介词结构之后没有名词,代词或动名词时,我们可引导学生把从句的谓语动词（谓语+介词）和前面的先行词进行搭配，看看两个部分是否能构成正确的动宾搭配。如，spent the day with me, swimming in the river.如果能形成正确的动宾搭配，则从句缺宾语，故选择关系代词，反之，如果不能构成正确的动宾搭配，则判断从句不缺宾语，应选关系副词。在实际练习中,一定要强调,不能太看重先行词的意思,还要明确地引导学生掌握定语从句的解题步骤:先看从句类型,再分析从句主干,再看先行词,最后确定关系代词或关系幅词的选择.四、让学生理解并巧记关系代词的用法

通过讲解和基本练习，让学生明白定语从句的结构后，就必须让学生弄懂怎么选择正确的关系代词了。

教学过程中坚持先一般再个别的原则，由浅入深地引导学生学习和掌握关系代词。在练习之后，引导学生巧记关系代词的基本用法： that 指物又指人，做主做宾都可行； which专指物，做主做宾两不误； who 只指人，可做主语和普宾； whom专指人，可做普宾和特宾。(特宾是指作提前的介词的宾语,普宾是一般情况的宾语,即介未提前的情况)当先行词指人，关系代词作提前的介词的宾语时，关系代词用whom;当先行词指物，关系代词作提前介词宾语时，关系代词用which.例如：The man to whom my mother is talking is my father.The survey in which many students have taken part is very great.当然还要让学生专门掌握一下必须用 that的情况。在这个环节，必须强调解题步骤，先看从句，找出句子主干，确定是否缺宾语，确定是否该选关系代词,然后再看先行词,确定关系代词所指代的内容.当先行词既指人又指物时；当先行词是指物的不定代词时； 当先行词由形容词最高级修饰时；当先行词由序数词修饰时； 当先行词由the only, the very修饰时。

在教学过程中还要请学生区分类似的句子: The Great Wall was the first

place that I went to.和 The Great Wall was the first place where I went.另外，当先行词和从句的主语存在所属关系时，关系代词用whose 例如：Ｉlike the book whose cover is blue.五、让学生学以致用

学生学习语法知识的目的就是应用。因此，在讲解了定语从句的知识后，一定要设法让学生理论联系实际。在学习英语的过程中，只要一遇到定语从句，就让学生辨别，分析其结构，并让他们翻译练习。在平时的写作训练和检测中有意地要求学生简单运用定语从句。久而久之，定语从句这个难题就引刃而解了。

总之，任何一种语法现象都有其自身的规则，都是在学习中理解，都是在理解中明确，都是在运用中掌握。只要我们引导我们的学生在学习中多注意，多观察，多分析，多领会并多应用，相信无论什么语法难题都不是问题了。

第二篇：初中英语“定语从句” 考点分类讲解

定语从句是各地中考英语的必考内容之一，结合近几年的中考英语试题，给同学们总结了定语从句的考点并进行了全面的解析，在这里分享给大家，方便同学们考前的再复习。

首先大家要清楚，什么是定语从句？就是指在复合句中，修饰某一个名词或代词的从句，叫定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。同学们还要知道定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词。常见的关系代词包括that, which, who, whom, whose等。关系副词包括where, when, why等。接下来说一说，定语从句考查的重点：

1、考查关系代词与关系副词的用法。

选择关系代词还是关系副词的关键，取决于关系词在句中所充当的成分，如果关系词在从句中做主语，宾语，表语、定语时，只能用关系代词，如果关系词在从句中作状语，就用关系副词。看下面的例题解析：

考点归纳：英语从句中常见的关系代词，它们的用法分别是： 1）who用来指人，也就是说，它的先行词必须是人，在定语从句中充当主语或宾语。要注意的是who的前面不能有介词，如果带介词，就必须用宾格whom形式。大家看下面的例句：

2）whose是代词的所有格，它既可以指代人，也可以指代物，让它指代物的时候，相当于of which 例如，3）在限制性定语从句中，which, that可以通用，但有的时候只能用which，不用that看下面分析:

2、考查只能用that引导的定语从句，有下面几种情况：

3、考查which在非限定性从句中的用法。大家要先知道什么是非限定性定语从句，它是先行词的一个附加修饰语，是对先行词的补充说明，删掉它不影响整个句子的意思。那么限定性定语从句呢？它是用于修饰和限定先行词，与先行词之间的关系非常密切，如果去掉，剩下的那部分意思就含糊不清了。看下面的具体分析：

接下来我们，具体看一下，限定性从句和非限定性从句的区别，列表解释如下：

4、综合考查引导宾语从句的连词和引导定语从句的代词用法，例如：

5、考查简单句转化为含有定语从句的复合句，例句解析：

6、考查含有定语从句的复合句转化为简单句。

7、考查定语从句中动词的时态。

这类时态题在近几年各地中考试题中经常出现，在定语从句中考查动词的时态，是大家很难准确判断动词的时态。在解答这类题的时候，同学们一定要领会语境，然后再根据主句和从句中动词的先后顺序来确定动词的时态。看下面例题：

总之，定语从句知识点非常多，同学们在复习的时候，要牢固掌握这些基本考点，并进行适当的练习，中考一定会考得好成绩。

第三篇：定语从句讲解

定语从句讲解

一、定语从句的概念

在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行

词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。

如：

He is the boy

who often goes to school late.先行词

关系词

定语从句

二、定语从句的关系词

引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that，which，who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where，when，why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。

三、定语从句的分类

根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。

四、关系代词的用法

1.that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：

Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that作主语）

The coat（that）I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作宾语）

2.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：

The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。（作主语）

The film（which）we saw last night was wonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语）

3.who，whom用于指人，who 用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom，也可省略。例如：

The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。（作主语）

Who is the teacher（whom）Li Ming is talking to？正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？（作宾语）

注意：（1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who，that，which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如：

This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。

Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。

（2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：

This is the person whom you are looking for.这就是你要找的那个人。

（3）that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如：

The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。

（4）关系词只能用that的情况：

a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一个通过考试的人。

b.被修饰的先行词为all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，the one等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？

c.先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last，little，few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。

d.先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。

e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如：

Who is the girl that is crying？ 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？

f.主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.例如：

There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.桌子上那本书是汤姆的。

（5）关系词只能用which，而不用that 的情况：

a.先行词为that，those时，用which，而不用that.例如：

What’s that which is under the desk？ 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？

b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that.例如：

This is the room in which he lives.这是他居住的房间。

c.引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that.例如：

Tom came back，which made us happy.汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。

五、关系副词的用法

（1）when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如：

This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。

（2）where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如：

This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。

（3）why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如：

Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。

第四篇：定语从句讲解

定语从句讲解

一个美丽的女孩

a beautiful girl（形容词作前置定语）一个穿白色衣服的女孩

a girl in white（介词短语作后置定语）一个正唱歌的女孩

a girl who is singing(定语从句，修饰或限定名词girl）

一、概念: 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子.Harry Porter is a smart boy.形容词作定语 Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power.句子作定语,修饰boy, 叫做定语从句 先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。关系词 分为关系代词和关系副词。

关系代词：who whom whose which that as

关系代词 ：when where why 先行词和关系词的关系

1.A plane is a machine that can fly.the machine = that 2.The boy who broke the window is called Tom.the boy =who 3.The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather.the boy’s =whose The school where I study is far from my home.in the school = where 关系代词实际上是先行词的复指

关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格 关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词 关系代词的作用

1.代替先行词;

２.它还在定语从句中担任一定的成分;

3.同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句.（把主句和从句连起来）

关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的 人称、数必须和先行词一致。

① who指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。

The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker.分解

作主语 The man is a worker.The man is speaking at the meeting.The man(who)I talked with is our teacher.A person who steals things is called a thief.②whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语，可省略。

The woman whom they wanted to visit is a teacher.作宾语分解、The woman is a teacher.They wanted to visit the woman.The man(whom)I nodded to is Mr.Li.③ which 指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。

This is a truck which / that is made in China.分解 This is a truck.The truck is made in China.These are the trees which were planted last year.This recorder（which）he is using is made in Japan.The TV set(which)he bought yesterday is made in Japan.Is this the library(which)you borrow books from? ④that 指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。

The man who / that is speaking at the meeting is a worker.作主语 分解 The man is a worker.The man is speaking at the meeting.A plane is a machine that can fly.He is the man(that)I told you about.⑤whose指人或物, 在定语从句中作定语。不可省略。I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.分解 I know the girl.The girl’s mother is a teacher.This is the little girl whose parents were killed in the great earthquake.We live in a house whose windows face south.I saw a woman.Her bag was stolen.I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.Please show me the book.Its cover is red.Please show me the book whose cover is red.定语从句三步：

第一找出先行词

第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状

语）

第三选择合适的关系词 关系代词的用法注意点

(1)that和which都可以指物，但以下5种情况只能用that 不能用which。①当先行词中有人又有物时。如：

Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? ②当先行词为不定代词all, one, few, little, no, some, any, everything, nothing, nobody, none等时。如：

This is all that I want from the school.③当先行词被only, just, very, right, last等修饰时。如： This is the very book that I am looking for these days.④当先行词被最高级修饰时。如：

The TV tower is the highest building that has been built in this city.⑤当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：

The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.由wh-开头的特殊疑问句

Who is the man that you are talking about? 练习：that 与 which 1)Do you have anything ______ you don’t understand? 2)The only thing _____ we can do is to give you some advice.3)Who is the man _____ is standing there? 4)Her bag, in ________ she put all her money, has been stolen.5)She heard a terrible noise，______ brought her heart into her mouth.(2)that和who都可以指人，但下面两种情况，多用who。①先行词为all, anyone, one, ones等时。如： All who heard the news were excited.②先行词为those, he和people时。如：

Those who want to go please sign your names here.He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.定语从句练习

The foreign guests，were scientists, were warmly welcomed at the airport.A．most of them

B．most of whom

C．most of that

D．most of those He was the very one of the students who

praised at the class meeting.A．was

B．were C．is

D．are The balls are solid，makes them very heavy.it

B．what C．which D．that

The scientist and his achievements

you told me about are admired by us.who

B．that

C．which D． /

He is working hard，will make him pass the final exam.who

B．that

C．which D．it

The museum

we are going to visit is far form our school.where B．that

C．it

D．as

Which of the two sheep

you keep produces more milk?

that

B．which C．what D．they

The weather turned out to be very good，was more than we could expect.B．which

C．that

D．it

Finally, the thief handed everything

he had stolen to the police.which B．what

C．whatever D．that

Tom as well as his friends who

football matches

to school today.likes;hasn’t gone

B．likes;haven’t gone

C．like;hasn’t gone

D．like;haven’t gone We should learn from those

are ready to help others.A．what

A．who

B．whom C．whose D．they 12.I have two brothers，are doctors.A．both of them

B．both of who

C．both of whom

D．both of they 13.Everything

can be done should be done.A．which B．that

C．all

D．where 14.Is oxygen the only gas

helps fire burn?

A．that

B．/

C．which D．what

15.The first place

we visited in that city was a big factory.A．where B．in which C．that

D．which

16.Which is the largest bridge

was built across the river?

A．that

B．which C．where D．on which 17.Please pass me the dictionary

cover is black.A．which B．its

C．whose D．which of 18.This is the very place

I’m wishing to live in.A．where B．which C．that

D．in which 19.She always gives in to those _____ have money.A．in which B．who

C．that

D．which

二、从下框中选择合适的关系代词填空。

that;which;who;whose;不填

This is the village ______ I ever visited last year.I will always remember the days ______ we spent in the village.I will never forget the boy ______ ever helped me.He lives in the room ______ door is green.This is the best movie ______ we have seen this year.The trees _____ stand by the river have been green.These are the very books _____ I am looking for.It was the largest map _____ I had even seen.He made notes of everything _____ he read.10.Yesterday I met the teacher _____ once taught us maths.

第五篇：初中英语定语从句(学生)

初中英语定语从句练习题

1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.A.Which B.where C.what D.in which 2.Do you know the man _______? A.whom I spoke

B.to who spoke

C.I spoke to

D.that I spoke 3.This is the hotel _______last month.A.which they stayed B.at that they stayed C.where they stayed at D.where they stayed 4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A.which B.that C.when D.on which 5.That is the day ______I'll never forget.A.which B.on which C.in which D.when 6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here.A.where B.to which C.which D.in which 7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working.A.where B.that C.which D.there 8.This is one of the best films _______.A.that have been shown this year B.that have shown C.that has been shown this year D.that you talked 9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day? A.about which you talked B.which you talked C.about that you talked D.that you talked 10.The pen ______he is writing is mine.A.with which B.in which C.on which D.by which 11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy.A.whom B.who C.which D.that 12.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old.A.to whom B.on whom C.with which D.with whom 13.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country? A.who B.who's C.which D.whose

29.This is the reason ______he didn't come to the meeting.A.in which B.with which C.that D.for which 30.This machine, ______for many years, is still working perfectly.A.after which I have looked B.which I have looked after C.that I have looked after D.I have looked after 31.The reason ______he didn't come was ______he was ill.A.why;that B.that;why C.for that;that D.for which;what 32.He is working hard, ______will make him pass the final exam.A.that B.which C.for which D.who 33.That is not the way ______I do it.A./ B.which C.for which D.with which 34.I have two grammars, ______are of great use.A.all of which B.either of which C.both of that D.both of which 35.I want to use the same tools _______used in your factory a few days ago.A.as was B.which was C.as were D.which 36.My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _____ was very kind of them.A.who B.which C.that D.it 37.This is the magazine _______ I copied the paragraph.A.that B.which C.from that D.from which 38.He is not such a man _______ would leave his work half done.A.that B.which C.who D.as 39.You can depend on whatever promise _______ he makes.A./ B.why C.when D.whose 40.Smoking, _______ is a bad habit, is, however, popular.A.that B.which C.it D.though 41.---Did you ask the guard _______ happened?---Yes, he told me all _______ he knew.A.what;that B.what;what C.which;which D.that;that 42.I shall never forget those years _______ I lived on the farm with the farmers, _______ has a great effect on my life.4-