怎样写300字左右的赏析短文

第一篇：怎样写300字左右的赏析短文

怎样写300字左右的赏析短文

湖南长沙 戴士心

湖南省2005年高考语文试卷已经将21题变为“写一篇 300 字左右的赏析短文”，分数高达15 分。这一变化，全省师生非常重视，都在积极应对；但是，也有部分师生感到难以驾驭，有些力不从心。为了给这些师生以一定帮助，特撰写本文。

写好300来字的赏析短文，重点在“选点”与“切实的分析，正确的评论”两方面。具体说来，要特别重视以下环节：

一、认真阅读，整体把握

认真读懂文章，对文章进行整体理解，把握作品思想内容及主要表现方式，是写好300来字的赏析短文必不可少的第一步。读时，可以将重要的字词句摘出，供写赏析短文时分析或引用。从2005年调考与高考的情况看，有些学生对此注意不够。也许是受到心态及时间方面的挤压吧，没完全读懂就匆匆动笔者确实有一批。文字的暧昧源于思想的朦胧，我们一定要想清楚后再动手评论。

二、根据文体，穷挖特点

《湖南省2005年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲补充说明》明确规定“五大题为文学作品阅读。”那么，我们需要到什么山，唱什么歌，根据文体特征，把握文本特色，挖出各自特点。以下根据不同文体作些提示：

小说，可以重点思考其思想内容、人物形象塑造、语言、故事情节安排等特点。

散文，可以重点思考其思想内容、意境、选材、组材、语言、线索设置等特点。

戏剧，可以重点思考其思想内容、结构、冲突、人物语言、潜台词等特点。诗歌，可以重点思考其思想内容、意境、语言、节奏、表达方式等特点。上述是就各种文体大的特点而言，并非所有的赏析短文只能从这些大的角度写作。例如，可以详细评析某一细节、某一场面、某一道具„„面对具体作品，完全可以将特点具体化。例如，语言特色方面，我们可以考虑炼字、选句、辞格运用、语言风格等。又比如，结构方面我们可以考虑开头、结尾、过渡、照应、层次段落、伏笔铺垫等。表现技法方面我们可以考虑象征、对比、烘托、动静结合、虚实相生、寓情于景、托物言志等。

挖出来的特点最好把它概括成一句话，用文字固定下来，以形成观点。

3、切合题意，精心选点

写300字左右的赏析短文，在切合题目要求（或赏析主题及其表达、或赏析艺术特色）的前提下，选点首先要注意一个“准”字，要选择能透视作品的主要意义或能表现作品的主要写法的点加以评析。此外，选点的角度宜小不宜大，以免下笔力不从心而流于空泛；或涉及到多个评论点而实际上一个问题也没有谈清楚。

原则：

（1）选最能体现作品特点的。

（2）选自己写起来最有把握的（它往往是阅读时深深打动了自己的）。（3）角度宜小、巧、新。不过，湖南省2005年高考语文试卷的21题是这样命题的：从下列题目中任选一个，写一篇300字左右的赏析短文。(1)“巨人”的述说——简析《贝多芬：一个巨人》的语言描写。(2)“老狮”的画像——谈谈《贝多芬：一个巨人》的肖像描写。(3)他者的视角——试析《贝多芬：一个巨人》的侧面描写。面对着这样相对明确而简单的命题形式，我们可以略去“穷挖特点”“精心选点”两个环节，照相关要求直接择定一个题目写作即可。

4、且叙且析，观点鲜明

写赏析短文时，在注意叙（对文章内容的复述或引用）、析（对作品的思想内容、艺术特点等进行揭示）、评（通过分析得出的结论）三个方面的有机结合。一般而言，用且叙且析的方法较好，观点或开门见山提出，或通过分析最后水到渠成地引出来，为了醒目，开篇提出且独立成段更好。例如：

他者的视角

——试析《贝多芬：一个巨人》的侧面描写

除正面描写之外，本文还运用侧面描写，从不同的角度与层面对巨人贝多芬形象进行立体刻画。（一段：开门见山，提出观点，侧重于“评”。）

其一，女佣的视角。女佣是最了解贝多芬日常生活的人，但她并不完全了解贝多芬的精神。在她眼中，贝多芬主要是—个自强、孤僻而又可怜的形象：他在失聪之后仍然不停地“工作”，生活上完全自立，不让别人“帮他一点忙”，这是其自强的一面；他任谁都不肯接见，厌恶别人打扰，喜欢孤独与安静，总把房子弄得零乱不堪，这是其孤僻的一面；他不仅生活得如此“简单随便”，身体又“常常不舒服，而且几乎完全失聪，还被“流氓一样的侄子”经常烦扰，这是其可怜的一面。通过这—视角，从侧面反映了贝多芬的日常生活，也初步表现了他孤傲自强的性格特点。

其二，客人的视角。这本是全文描写贝多芬形象的主要视角，但由于文章已有一个贯穿始终的叙述者，所以通过这个视角进行的描写也可以归入侧面描写。来访的客人是试图真正去了解贝多芬精神与灵魂的人。客人虽然觉得贝多芬有一个“真实的好灵魂”，但在最初这种认识既不全面也不深入。听了女佣的介绍，看到贝多芬的真实面貌与实际生活之后，客人一方面也像女佣那样既感到可畏又觉得可怜，另一方面却在畏惧中更有一层敬仰，在怜悯中更多一层相惜。与贝多芬深入交谈之后，客人被深深感染，对音乐巨人的性格、意志与精神终于有了全面而深入的了解。通过这个视角，“巨人”贝多芬形象最深刻最感人的一面被清晰地刻画出来。

其三，一般人的视角。这实际上是一个隐含的视角，在本文中并未直接出现，但细心的读者却可从女佣与贝多芬的话中看出。从这个视角来看贝多芬的人，包括他的侄子、嘲弄他的孩子们以及许多把他看作“厌世者”的人，他们既不完全了解贝多芬的实际生活，也根本不了解他的意志与精神。在这些人眼中，贝多芬只是一个失聪不洁、孤僻厌世的糟老头形象。因此他们对贝多芬既无怜惜，亦无敬畏，有的只是嘲笑、捉弄与打扰。通过这一视角的描写，不仅呈现了一般人眼中的贝多芬形象，也不仅解释了贝多芬近乎孤僻的性格，更将贝多芬失聪后艰难的处境与孤独的心境描绘了出来，更能反衬出贝多芬自强不息、坚韧不拔的巨人形象。（二——四段：扣住第一段提出的观点，从三个方面展开，一面叙例，一面分析，侧重于“叙”与“析”。）

5、方法多种，灵活选用

（1）例证法、引证法：事实胜于雄辩，恰当的运用例证法和引证法，能极大地增强文章的说服力。不过要注意，因全文只有300字左右，举例语言要简洁；在运用引证法时，选句要精当，要避免因大段的抄录原文而削弱了分析论证。（2）分论点法：先设一个中心论点，再围绕它设立三个左右的分论点，使得论证从多方面展开，既条分缕析，又具体翔实，使短文中心显豁，让阅卷者在快速阅卷的过程中稍加扫视就清楚明白，与人方便，与己方便。

（3）联系法：可以适当联系与作品相关的国情、社会背景等；适当联系同一作者的类似作品（能联系上课文尤佳）；适当联系作者整体创作风格„„考虑到所写的只是300字左右的赏析短文，这里提及的“联系”，只能是点到为止，涉及过多，反而会冲淡中心。

（4）、假设法、比较法：对被赏析的作品作假设性推敲，假设不这样，思想内涵或表达效果则会如何如何„„

（5）咬文嚼字法：突出分析重点词句。例如：

“老狮”的画像

——谈谈(贝多芬：一个巨人》的肖像描写

肖像描写对刻画人物形象、突出人物性格与精神意志具有重要的作用。本文充分利用肖像描写，描绘了一幅形神兼备的“老狮”画像．本文对贝多芬的肖像描写有三个特点。

其一，以形写神，形神兼备．本文着重从两个方面对贝多芬进行肖像描写。一方面描写他穿着随便、不修边幅，这不仅表现了他对物质生活要求很低，并不在意，而把全部心力专注于他的音乐，也表现了他不屑于流俗的鲜明个性。另一方面又描写了他像“狮子”般充满力量的外貌特征，如“极宽阔”的肩、“有力的大手”、“紧闭的嘴”、“方形的下颔”等，这就写出了他作为音乐巨人“扼住命运咽喉”的自强不息的进取精神，以及在“愁苦和力量”背后的“坚韧无比的生的意志”．一个具有伟大人格、坚强意志与崇高精神的“巨人”，就是本文所着力描绘的形神兼备的“老狮”画像的深刻内涵。

其二，由远及近，逐层深入．本文通过客人的视角对贝多芬的肖像描写共三层：首先是远景，听到“沉重的脚步声”之后，客人看到他“躯体五尺左右”，但“两肩极宽阔”，是粗略的第一印象；其次是中景，作者描写贝多芬的衣服“陈旧”且“不整洁”，上衣背后还拖着早已失效的助听器，突出其不合时宜与不修边幅；最后是近景，作者先写了“有力的大手”，然后集中笔墨于头部的特写，着力描写了脸、头发、眼睛、鼻子、下颔等，作者由远而近，从整体观感到细腻刻画，逐层深入地写出了贝多芬“笨拙”的外形下所具有的坚韧无比的意志。

其三，虚实结合，传神写意．本文一方面客观摹写贝多芬极具个性的外貌特征，如“极宽阔”的肩、“有力的大手”、“长而笨的鼻子”、“紧闭的嘴”、“方形的下颔”等，这些都是实写，表现了他的坚强、孤傲与力量；另一方面又运用适度的夸张和想象，如写贝多芬“火一样蓬勃的头发，好像有生以来从未梳栉过”、深邃的眼睛“有一种凝重不可逼视的光”等，这又在一定程度上虚写出他“脸上呈现出一个悲剧”。“悲剧”是对贝多芬肖像内在神韵最凝练的概括，不仅写出了他所遭遇的“不幸和烦忧”，也表现了他坚韧的意志与博大的精神。虚实结合的肖像描写，把客观摹写与传神写意结合起来，凸现了贝多芬饱经挫折与孤独却依然勇于反抗厄运与流俗的精神。

6、结构完整，层次清晰

首先需要明白的是，300字左右的赏析短文也应该是一篇完整的文章，与做一个简答题有别，因此要安排一个完整的结构，比如，文章宜有简明的开头段，稍加展开的中心段，有时还可以加上归纳全文的结尾段。

对作品的评价最好在开头直接提出，下文加以证明，形成总分结构。如果有必要加上总结性文字以收束上文，那就形成总分总结构，但不可勉强，以免画蛇添足。例如：

他者的视角

——试析《贝多芬：一个巨人》的侧面描写

侧面描写是本文刻画人物形象的重要方法之一。文章通过对女佣、客人等人动作、神情、语言的描写，从“他者”的角度，逐层深入地表现了贝多芬鲜明的性格特征和伟大的人格精神。(一段：提出全文观点，总写。)本文开头，女佣“捏弄着围裙”的动作、“为难”的神情、“他不肯接见你”的话语，写出了她对贝多芬的畏惧，表现了贝多芬失聪后孤傲的性格．接着，女佣对贝多芬生活情况的介绍，写出了她对贝多芬的同情，既表现了贝多芬对物质生活的随意，对流俗的不屑与反叛，也表现了贝多芬挚爱音乐、顽强不屈的精神。同时，文章通过女佣的语言，还写出了“别人”的“打扰”、“侄子”的“麻烦”等，说明了使贝多芬宁可做一头置身“兽穴”的“老狮”的原因。这一层面的侧面描写展示了贝多芬的生活状态，表现了他孤傲的性格和忘我工作的精神。

文章对客人动作、神情、语言的描写是对贝多芬形象更深入的刻画，使读者对贝多芬的了解和认识大大推进了一层。客人“怜惜”“敬畏”的神情，表现了贝多芬虽遭厄运，依旧凛然的“巨人”气概。客人的字条写道：“我们要知道你的生平，把你的消息带给万千大众，使他们了解你真实的好灵魂。”这个字条，改变了贝多芬的态度，也向读者传达了这样的信息——还有许多人关注着贝多芬，理解和尊敬贝多芬。“真实的好灵魂”是对贝多芬作为“巨人”形象的高度准确的概括。他外表“笨拙”，他性格孤傲，但他有着“真实的好灵魂”。现实的厄运、别人的嘲弄可以给巨人以沉重的打击，但决不可能打败他。而客人专注地“做笔记”、被贝多芬的叙述“感染”，则是对贝多芬“真实的好灵魂”的一种诠释。（第二段与第三段，从两方面分写。）

不同的人看待贝多芬的视角不一样，对他的了解程度不一样，对他的态度也不一样。文章正是通过这些侧面描写，写出各种人物对贝多芬或嘲弄，或烦扰，或同情，或理解的不同态度，逐步表现贝多芬“真实的好灵魂”，刻画出命运坎坷、意志坚韧、精神伟大的巨人形象。（第四段：总括全文。）

全篇用的是“总分总结构”。

7、用语精准，具有文采

要尽可能遣用符合文本特征的精准性词句，尽量用形象化的语言评价和分析作品，把观点渗透到富有魅力、给人以美感的文字之中。同时恰到好处地使用一些文学评论的术语，增浓文学评论味。例如：

“巨人”的述说

——简析《贝多芬：一个巨人》的语言描写

通过人物语言来表现人物的性格、心态与精神，这是刻画人物形象的一种重要方法。本文通过描写贝多芬的语言，展现了一个音乐巨人的鲜明形象。

本文的语言描写具有如下几个特点．

其一，紧扣人物的生理特点与性格特点。贝多芬在生理上的最大特点是完全失去了听觉，在性格上的最大特点则是坚强孤傲与激情进发。作者在描写贝多芬的语言时，说他要么是“大声说”，“粗着嗓子喊”，要么是要求别人“说的声音大些”，要么是“好像在自言自语”、“喃喃地如同独语”等，这便体现了他作为一个聋子的语言特色．同时，作者又着重突出了贝多芬坚强孤傲与充满激情的特点，他的每一句话都是那么简洁凝练、掷地有声、富有个性，无论他是孤傲烦躁，还是激动沉郁，或者平静深沉，他的语言都饱含着既深且浓的情感。因此我们在读到他的这些语言时，只觉元气淋漓，神态毕现，闻其声如见其人。其二，契合人物的心态变化与内在精神。对来访的客人，贝多芬的心态有一个逐渐变化的过程，作者通过他的语言展现了这一变化过程。贝多芬最初出现在客人面前时，其语言明显有极不耐烦和旁若无人的意味；但在了解客人的来意之后，他的语言开始变得激动而沉郁；讲述自己的往事时，其语言又深情而平静；最后，谈到心中的音乐并不能被人们完全理解时，他的语言又变得激越起来．贝多芬语言的变化完全契合他心态的变化，从他不同的语言中可以清晰地看出他不同的心态。同时，贝多芬又反复说到，自己虽然遭受命运的捉弄，被世人嘲笑而不能得到真正的理解，但内心却像燃烧的火山，回响在心中的音乐“较任何乐器上演奏的都美”。这便展现了贝多芬自强不息、坚韧不拔的巨人精神。

其三，直接描写与间接转述相结合。作者在描写贝多芬的语言时，既采取了直接描写的方式，又运用了间接转述的方式(比如贝多芬回忆往事的那段)，同时又不失时机地加上了自己的感想与议论．这种写法，不仅使人物语言描写详略得当，人物形象特征更加突出与深化，而且使整个文章的节奏有变化，有起伏．所以全文的节奏始则低沉缓慢，继则激越迅疾，再则平静舒缓，最后则在一个高扬有力的声音中戛然而止。因此这篇写音乐巨人的文章本身就如一曲富有节奏变化的美妙音乐。

同学们宜在阅读理解的基础上记住一些常用的评论术语。比如，文短却又波澜起伏曲折多变，我们可用“尺水兴波”；文章开篇峭拔，令人惊绝，我们可用“劈空而起”；文章结束用媚语摄魂，令人执卷流连，我们可用“临去秋波”；文章结尾充分显示出作者立言的本意，我们可用“卒章显志”；文章篇中无闲句，句中无闲字，我们可用“惜墨如金”；文章纳须弥于芥子，我们可用“小中见大”；文章在诙谐的话语中潜藏着深刻严肃的思想，我们可用“寓庄于谐”；文章“外枯而中膏，似淡而实美”（苏轼语），我们可用“淡而有味”；文章反复书写，极尽铺陈之能事，我们可用“用墨如泼”；文中有鲜明的画境，我们可用“文中有画”。此外，还有“奇句夺目”、“乐景写哀”、“托物言志”、“化丑为美”、“以动衬静”、“烘云托月”、“以景结情”、“疏密相间”、“情景交融”、“首尾呼应”等等。不过，千万不能机械套用，一定要到什么山唱什么歌，见什么文用什么语。

8、内容形式，互相联系

《湖南省2005年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲补充说明》中21题题型示例为：

从下列题目中任选一个，写一篇 300 字左右的赏析短文。（15 分）① 试析《报秋》的主题思想及其表现。② 《报秋》的艺术手法赏析。③ 谈谈《报秋》的构思技巧。

显然，考生选择① 题，必须联系主题思想及其表现两方面赏析；选择②题或③题，或侧重于艺术手法赏析，或侧重于构思技巧鉴赏，但是，写作时也不能脱离文章思想内容。因为，形式是为内容服务的，反过来内容也需要依靠形式来表现。所以，评价作品的艺术特色时，万不可弃思想内容而不顾，评价作品的思想内容时，也可以适当提及表现手法。当然，它们的侧重点是各不相同的。

9、常见毛病，多多注意（1）以述代评

某些同学或由于练习写作太少，或因为概括功力不够，常常出现“以述代评”现象。

应知：述只是手段，评才是目的；述是为了评，要评就得述；述的语言应该高度概括，分析评论的语言要尽可能翔实。可以边述边析边评。（2）以感代评

有的同学没弄清文学赏析类文章与读后感的区别，把300字左右的赏析短文写成了读后感。

应知：文学评论是对文学作品本身进行客观的评析，读后感是对文章（不限于文学作品）发出的感想，二者不可混淆。

（3）评语空洞。不能只顾胡乱的贴标签，要注重叙析评的有机结合，观点下面要有切实的分析论证。（4）观点含混。

动笔前要疏清思路，明确观点，精心构思，打好提纲；否则有可能信马由缰，彼此混杂，不知所云，犹如乱麻。

（5）褒贬失当。评析得从文本实际出发，不能仅凭个人好恶，任意拔高或贬低。

第二篇：怎样写诗歌赏析文章

怎样写诗歌赏析文章

诗歌赏析文章一般有两种写法：

⑴综合分析法——通过对全诗的整体分析，表达自己的观点。在这种体式下，较完整的写法是： A.作者简介。B.作品写作背景简介。

C.作品意象分析（诗句的解释或翻译，诗句所表达的情感、思想，诗句表达的意境）。

D.作品艺术手法分析（通常结合在作品意象分析之中）。E.作品艺术特点的综合评价（往往带有总结的意味）。如果不要求很完整，则可不写作者简介、写作背景两部分。

⑵主题分析法—就诗歌最突出的方面进行分析，表达自己的观点。采用这种写法时，往往只抓住一个方面，如意境、语言表现力、某一手法的表达思想情感的妙处等等。对于其他方面，则不论及，因而它的篇幅一般较短小。

必须指出的是，无论采用那一种写法，都应该有欣赏者自己对诗歌的理解和分析，力戒人云亦云、甚或抄袭。

怎样评析诗歌的艺术特点

意境的鉴赏：宏伟壮丽、雄浑阔大、雄奇壮丽、清新明丽，雅静秀丽、宁静淡泊、悠闲平和、柔婉幽深、含蓄深远、迷离恍惚、奇伟诡谲

语言的鉴赏：赏析评论诗歌的一个极其重要的方法：从品味语言入手。语言的鉴赏可以注释含义，词语的解释要注意什么：既要考虑词语的本身意义，又要注意词语的具体语言环境，才能更好地把握诗人的原意，进入诗的境界。

语言的特点：朴素通俗、自然平淡、（平淡之中现出丰富的感情和深邃的意蕴）清新优美、华丽奇谲、语言富有节奏感：音乐性、音节十分和谐、圆满；朗朗上口。

语言的作用：

1）形象性作用――在叙事写人，绘景状物中语言有鲜明、具体、生动传神的形象性作用；

2〕情感性作用――语言有表达作者对作品中的人和事的鲜明的情感作用，包括褒扬或贬斥等；

3〕结构性作用――语言还有过渡照应作用

4〕精确性作用――主要是指在表达概念时的准确恰当，修饰、限制、补充性词语在表意方面的精确、严密；

使用典故的作用：典故可以使作品含意丰富，蕴藉深厚，语言精炼，还有一些作品借史抒怀，托古见志。

多种表达方式的使用：多指记叙、描写、抒情、议论。一般的说诗歌大多是先记叙或描写，然后抒情或议论。也有情景交融，情在描写之中的。还有些诗歌是属于托物言志的通过物，一种象征意义，表达作者的情志，描写景物的特点，远近结合，动静相衬，以虚写实，虚实结合，声、画、意结合，创造了一个优美的形象，又给人以无限的想象：诗中有画：读一首诗，又象是在看一幅画，听一曲音乐。是在体验一种情。画面外，诗歌外还有一片天地。

表现形式的鉴赏：主要是指对比、映衬、反衬、象征

修辞手法的运用：

比喻和比拟的作用：生动、形象、具体；拟物常常对描写的对象表示憎恨和蔑视

对比的作用：使相反或相对事物的特征或本质更为突出，更为鲜明 设问的作用：引起读者注意，启发思考，加深理解

反问的作用：加强语势，鲜明有力，感情更强烈，更富启发性

想象和联想：阅读欣赏和评价还应该驱遣自己的想象进入作者创设的境界，甚至插上联想的翅膀，对境界中的景和物，人和事作出进一步的补充、发挥，使之更加完美。想象是读者通过语言，进行想象，勾勒描绘图景，联想是在画面的基础上由此及彼给予联想。

比较与质疑：

从质疑方面说，提出与作品不同的观点或见解，树立靶子，即揭示评论者所要批驳的观点学习质疑这一评论的方法时，可以结合“评论要知人论世”“评论的角度”和评论的另一方法“比较”来进行，比较，可以是全面比较，也可以是某个方面比较，如：主旨的比较，体裁的比较，语言的比较等，既可以同一作者、同一题裁的不同表现形式、不同思想感情比较，也可以不同作者、不同题裁的相同表现形式、相同思想感情比较，要着重解决如何选择和把握可比之点。比较时，不要只注意细枝末节而忽略了主要方面。

文章赏析之表达技巧

一、鉴赏角度

1、鉴赏文学作品的形象、语言、表达技巧——艺术形式

2、评价文学作品的思想内容和作者的观点态度——思想内容

二、表达技巧（1）表达方式

①叙述种类：顺叙、倒叙、插叙、补叙、平叙。

②描写种类：人物描写（肖像描写、心理描写、语言描写、动作描写、细节描写），环境描写（场面描写、景物描写）。③描写技法：以动衬静、化静为动、动静结合；虚实结合、点面结合；明暗结合；正面描写、侧面描写、正侧结合；声色结合、绘形绘色绘声；远近高低，粗笔勾勒，白描等。

④抒情方面：直接抒情（直抒胸臆），间接抒情（借景抒情、寓情于景、托物言志，叙述式抒情，描写式抒情，议论式抒情），情景交融、情景相生、以景衬情、一切景语皆情语。

（2）表现手法

联想、想象、象征、衬托、对比、渲染、烘托、抑扬、虚实、托物言志、借景抒情、寓情于景。

（3）行文构思

①开门见山，卒章显志，首尾照应，画龙点睛，以小见大，先总后分，先分后总，承上启下，起承转合，层层深入，前后照应，浑然天成，结构严谨，思维严密等。

② 线索、过渡、铺垫、伏笔、暗示、照应、呼应、悬念、起伏、波澜等。

③ 构思精巧，别具一格，不落窠臼，自出机杼，有创新，一波三折，错落参差，曲折有致。

（4）选材剪裁：

材料与中心一致，主次详略得当，材料典型、真实、新颖、有力等。

三、文章赏析写作的基本要求

（1）要读懂文本，弄清步骤

赏析正确与否，最关键的是要读懂文本。阅读文本时，一般采用“总体－部分－再总体”的步骤。一般写作步骤不妨这样：精读作品——确定赏析对象——作出基本评价——精选复述、节录内容——用准确精炼的语言写作成文。

（2）要点准确，角度宜小、稳

评分标准中首要的考查内容是把握“赏析要点和角度”。在正副标题都存在的情况下，正标题往往是文章赏析内容的暗示和指向，副标题则是文章赏析要点和切入角度。要点准确还包括准确理解。把握题目中的专有名词。应尽量选择那些切入点小，最能结合作品的、最能深入地阐发的、自己最熟悉最有把握的角度。

（3）定位准确，述析评有机结合文章赏析要有明确的中心，这个中心就是从所选题目中的要点和切入点出发，从文本的实际出发，找到一个赏析要点范围内的中心观点，然后围绕中心，结合文本进行赏析。“述”是引用原文中那些关键性的能证明中心论点的典型事件、情节描写及语句来作例证。“评”即对作品作出的正确、客观、公允的评价，也就是文章的中心。“析”就是根据确立的中心论点，用“述”的材料来证明、揭示中心的过程。

（4）安排好结构

结构混乱、层次不清会导致表达不清，表达不清会导致中心水明，中心不明会导致得分不高。常见的结构形式是“总——分”或“总——分——总”。总：提出观点（看法），分：从文章中找出支撑观点的材料（选准内容、条分缕析、突出效果），总：归纳总结（或拓展或照应或评价）。

（5）要运用术语，讲究文采

适当运用鉴赏术语不仅有助于准确、简洁、生动地表达鉴赏内容。写作赏析短文要讲究文学性。“言之无文，行而不远”所以赏析文章要有文采。

四、如何写“表达技巧”类的文章赏析

（一）一般结构：

1、第一自然段 准确点出该文运用了什么样的表达技巧，或者写出自己对这篇文章表达技巧上的总体评价。

2、第二自然段 结合文章内容和语句进行概述分析与评价。（或分几个自然段）

3、小结，可以写自己的感受。（也可不写）

（二）分析文章表达技巧一定要联系文章主题。

第三篇：英语短文赏析1

音乐的魅力

I have to say that music really has a strong attractiveness to me.Naturally, everyone can choose suitable music to listen to.However, when you find a kind of music which can bring happiness to you, you will be surprised and become excited.Music has a magical energy, and it can help people gain good mood in a great extent.我想说的是音乐对我真的有一股强大的吸引力。很自然，每个人都能选择适合自己的音乐去聆听。然而，当你发现一种能够带给你巨大幸福的音乐时，你将会很惊讶很激动。音乐有一种神奇的力量，在很大程度上，音乐能够帮助人们获得好心情。

When you feel sad, you can have a try to listen to soothing music.At first, soothing music will let you calm down.You will find that you will play much attention to the music, and then your sadness can be decreased.You will enter music ocean.You can experience a baptism of your heart.It does not matter that when you listen to soothing music and you want to cry, you should just follow yourself feeling to have a thorough release.Music will give you enough encourage to overcome difficulties.当你感到悲伤时，你可以尝试听一下舒缓的音乐。首先，舒缓的音乐可以让你平静下来，你会发现你将会把注意力转移到音乐上，这样你的悲伤就会减少了。你进入了音乐的海洋。你也经历了一次心灵的洗礼。当你听舒缓音乐时忍不住想要哭时，不要有任何顾虑，就跟着你的感觉走，让自己有一个完全的释放。音乐会给你足够的勇气来战胜困难的。

Music also can double your happiness and arouse the fighting.For instance, when you solve some very difficult situations and gain success eventually, you will have a great mood.At this time, exciting music will witness your success.You will feel satisfied.Music lets you remember the glorious moment and cherish your success.Music can give you unlimited motivation to achieve goals，because you still want to listen to glorious music.音乐当然也可以让你的快乐加倍并且激发你的斗志。例如，当你解决了许许多多的困难并且最终成功时，你就会有一个好心情。这时，振奋人心的音乐会见证你的成功。你会感到满足，音乐会让你记得这个光荣的时刻并且让你珍惜你的成功。音乐给了你无限的动力取得成功，因为你依旧想要听到光荣的音乐再次响起。

In addition, music includes a lot of useful knowledge.People can learn precious knowledge from music.Because there is different music, we can find out that different nations have different music thoughts to express.And from music, we can listen to music culture.Music culture will give you a deeper understanding to learn foreign culture, such as foreign language, foreign history and foreign traditional customs and so on.In a word, music has an important effect on promoting society development.此外，音乐还囊括了许许多多有用的知识。人们可以从音乐中学到珍贵的知识。由于存在着很多不同的音乐，我们可以发现不同的的国家所表达音乐思想不同。从音乐中，我们可以聆听到音乐文化。音乐文化将会给你一个更深的理解力去学习外国文化，例如外语，外国历史，外国传统习俗等。总而言之，音乐对促进社会发展有着重要的影响。

Music indeed has a magical power to help people and society develop.I believe that music will still continue to bring us many surprises.As the development of society, great music will become more important.音乐的确有着神奇的力量来帮助人们和社会发展。我相信音乐依旧会带给我们许多惊喜。随着社会的发展，好的音乐会变得越来越重要。

第四篇：赏析短文写作指导

赏析短文写作指导

• 第一、先明白命题的考核目的，然后准确、全面、透彻地解读文本。抓住关键句，进行思路分析。

• 第二、赏析短文的表述：文章结构要完整，一般采用“总说——分说——总结”的结构。首先要单刀直入、开门见山地提出论点，也就是提出你对该文的总体评价。然后就原作内容进行复述、介绍、引用，在此基础上进行分析评价，也就是采用“述评结合”的方法，一定要“述 ”和“评”相结合。• 第三、适当地运用鉴赏的常用术语。• 第四、表达要准确、简洁。

写作赏析短文的专业术语(一)主题思想：

立意深刻独到,鞭辟入里；突破定势,标新立异；主旨深远,意蕴丰富；言近旨远,耐人寻味；言有尽而意无穷；人无我有,人有我奇；意境深远．(二)构思技巧：

构思,是作者对自己将要动手写作的文章从内容到形式所作的总体设想。构思的外在表现形式为文章结构。文章的构思技巧主要从作品的立意、选材、结构安排、体裁、意境、表现手法等方面去判别。常见的鉴赏角度和术语：

①从立意的构思及其表现看,常用术语有开门见山、见解独到、画龙点睛、卒章显志、形散神聚、以小见大、发人深省、托物言志、寓言寄意、对比反衬、欲扬先抑、欲抑先扬、欲擒故纵、反弹琵琶、逆向思维等。

②从选材、组材的构思及其表现看,常用术语有

以小见大、以点带面,正反映衬(对比对照)、摇曳多姿,形散神聚、巧设线索、明暗交织,选材典型、多角度描写、详略得当等。

③从结构安排(或者说上下文的关系)的构思来看,常用术语有前后照应(首尾呼应)、层层铺垫、巧设伏笔(铺垫)、巧设悬念、巧妙勾连,层层推进(层层深入、步步递进)、层层剥笋,对比烘托、摇曳多姿,红线串珠(彩线串珠)、形散神聚、浑然天成,总分总式,并列结构,纵横捭阖、开合自如,情节波澜、张弛有度等。

④赏析意境、表现手法等方面的构思技巧,常用术语有

虚实结合、虚实相生、思维严密、构思精巧、不落窠臼、运用蒙太奇手法等．(三)艺术手法：

1.表达方式：叙述、描写、议论、抒情、说明等。

2.表现手法：比兴,联想和想象,象征, 烘托,对比,渲染,用典,讽喻． 3.修辞手法：比喻、拟人、排比、反复、对偶等。

4.写作技巧：以动衬静,动静结合；虚实结合；点面结合；侧面描写；粗笔勾勒；工笔细描；绘形绘声绘色；

5.描写手法：肖像描写、动作描写、心理描写、环境描写(景物描写)、细节描写等。6.抒情方式：直接抒情(直抒胸臆),间接抒情(情景交融、借景抒情、托物言志、寓情于景、情景交融、情景相生、以乐景衬哀情)。(四)语言特色：

清新明快, 简洁洗练, 含而不露, 简笔勾勒,浓墨重彩, 体物入微, 穷形尽相, 诗情画意,富有哲理, 耐人寻味, 形神兼备, 语言浅近明白如话, 言简意丰, 行云流水,平实质朴,诙谐幽默, 辛辣讽刺, 准确精当, 形象生动,惟妙惟肖, 淋漓尽致, 留有空白, 情韵悠长,力透纸背, 入木三分。把握赏析短文的写作方法,规范答题格式 ㈠、标题 基本要求： ①使用题目给定的标题

②格式:正标题空四个格子,副标题另起一行,空六个格子 ㈡、领起段写作要求：

①明确赏析对象,紧扣所选的题目写(正标题是观点,副标题是写作角度)②做出总体评价 基本格式：

(1)赏析“主题思想及其表现”的常用格式：

a、本文通过记叙(描写)……,表达了作者……的思想感情．

例：《项链》通过描写玛蒂尔德以十年的含辛茹苦去赔偿一条借来的假项链的悲剧故事,尖锐地讽刺了小资产阶级虚荣心和追求享乐的思想。b、……是《……》的主题．

例：描写群众的愚昧和革命者的悲哀是鲁迅的短篇小说《药》的主题思想． ②赏析艺术手法：

本文主要采用了……的艺术手法,生动形象地表现了……,具有很强的艺术感染力．(手法+表达效果)例：朱自清在《荷塘月色》一文中大量运用了比喻的修辞手法,描摹景色形象生动,表达感情细腻入微。(《鲜明的比喻—— 艺术手法简析》领起段)③构思技巧：

a、……是《……》构思上最突出的特点．

例:以时间、地点、情感为线索,三线并进,娓娓道来,是《在山阴道上》谋篇布局上最突出的一个特点。(《简析 谋篇布局的技巧》领起段)b、《……》构思上最大的特点是……． 例：《在山阴道上》一文在谋篇布局上最大的特点是文章以明、暗两条线索相互交错,使文章条理清晰,布局精巧。(《简析 谋篇布局的技巧》领起段)㈢、主体部分基本要求：

①紧扣领起段提出的观点分析． ②边叙边议． ③注意条理,适当运用序数词． ④适当提段． ㈣、总结段 基本要求： ①再现观点

②运用术语(如“总之”“综上所述”“总而言之”等)例：a.总之,《在山阴道上》一文以时间、地点、情感三条线索,环环相扣,密不可分,从而使情感升华,主题深化。(《简析 谋篇布局的技巧》总结段)b.总而言之,《荷塘月色》一文运用鲜明的比喻,既形象地描写了荷塘月色的美景,也传达了作者对荷塘的喜爱之情。

范文引路：

怎一个妙字了得(正标题是观点,是写作的小的切入点)——赏析《登泰山记》的艺术手法(副标题是写作角度)《登泰山记》一文巧妙地运用了侧面烘托和比喻拟人等艺术手法,生动地描写了泰山雪后初晴的瑰丽景色和日出时的雄浑景象,具有很强的艺术感染力．(领起段： 手法+表达效果 ①明确赏析对象,紧扣所选的题目写②做出总体评价)抓住特征巧妙烘托,是本文写作上的一个重要特征。本文描写景物很少直接写出,而是采用侧面烘托的办法。(评)例如,先用“其级七千有余”(叙)暗暗点出泰山的雄伟(析),然后借山顶俯视所见“半山居雾”和在日观亭时“足下皆云漫”的图景(叙)从侧面烘托泰山的高峻(析)。又如写雪,除“冰雪”“雪与人膝齐”等正面描写外,又以“明烛天南”“白若”“绛皓驳色”(叙)等作侧面烘托,给人以想象,又生动有趣(析)。

本文使用比喻和拟人手法也各具特点。(评)“苍山负雪,明烛天南”(叙).作者不言冰雪覆盖青山,却说青山背负着雪,赋予静态的青山以人的动态,用语新颖、传神(析).“汶水、徂徕如画,而半山居雾若带然”(叙),作者纵目远眺,夕阳照耀着泰安城,汶水、徂徕好像自然天成的山水画,而山腰间停留着的云雾好像飘带一般。“半山居雾”,不仅把动态的物写成静态,使人感受到那种特有的宁静气息,而且设喻新奇,给人以美的享受(析).“回视日观以西峰,或得日,或否,绛皓驳色,而皆若偻”(叙),这一比喻,写出了西南诸峰的特点,更显出日观峰的雄峻,且赋予山峰以人的感情,形象而生动(析)。(主体部分：①紧扣领起段提出的观点分析．②边叙边议．③注意条理,适当运用序数词．④适当提段．)总之,本文巧妙的运用多种艺术手法,写出了泰山的神秀壮丽,能唤起人们对泰山的向往,让人深刻地感受到祖国山河的壮美,真乃怎一个妙字了得。(总结段：①再现观点②运用术语(如“总之”“综上所述”“总而言之”等)文章的写作技巧为设喻说理，借拔牙写剿匪，特别指官匪，生动 形象。作者自己口中的那些虫牙，不但不能为自己的身体服务，反而危害自己的身体，根本没有替作者造福的能力。作者非但不能通缉他们，还要袒护他们，但他们却仍要与作者作对。这巧妙的隐喻了当时黑暗的社会现实，体现了当时官员的腐败无能。不为民为国造福，反而危害人民，危害国家。而人民还要在他们的苛政之下生活，还要送东西孝敬他们。

作者起先反对在口中剿匪，认为自己要有文王之德，而后受到了劝告，要剿匪；事成后，全无痛苦，还装了十来根方方正正的假牙。这隐喻；贪官污吏被满门抄斩后，换上一批尽职尽责的官员，为人民造福。通篇采用设喻说理，暗喻当时的社会现实。通俗易懂，十分有趣。

本文语言幽默、诙谐。把拔牙比作剿匪，把牙齿拔光就是要把国土上的官匪肃清。作者没有一本正经地讲述自己的主题，而是从自身出发，从牙齿出发。庄严之中也带着一点小俏皮。作者形象地揭露出一些官位处于国家栋梁之位，被人民滋养，却危害国家；不为人民造福，却残害人民。本文的语言让读者欣赏的同时，也给人一种幽默的感觉。可读完后，却能使读者陷入沉思。

这篇文章具有强烈的讽刺意义，讽刺了那些官匪，对待他们千万不可采取隐忍、孝敬的态度，对官匪的仁慈是不对的，对他们唯一的办法就是兴兵伐纣，替天行道。

第五篇：优秀英语短文赏析

优秀英语短文赏析

1.On Open Policy

The open policy means that our country is open to investment, trade and technical and economic cooperation with other countries on the basis of equality and mutual benefit.The purpose of open policy is to acquire advanced technology, management skills to serve our socialist construction so as to promote the realization of the four modernizations.We must stick to the open policy.Because economic relations between states today have become increasingly close, and no country can possibly advance behind closed doors.Only in this way can we gradually close the gap between our country and the developed countries.Through the implementation of policy, we can learn advanced technology and managerial expertise from abroad;make full use of the foreign capitals to set up great enterprises;absorb useful and healthy ideas and new knowledge of the modern civilization;and broaden our views and raise our level of competence.2.The place of Science and Technology in Modern Life.Human life can not continue without science and technology.For many years, human society has developed with the advance of science and technology while the development of science and technology has in turn brought the process to mankind.So the life we are living now is more civilized than that of our fore fathers.The development of science and technology have brought about many changes in people's life.for example, the invention of television and space rocket have opened a new era for mankind.Through the use of TV people can hear the sound and learn the events happening thousands of miles away.Owing to the invention of spaceship and rocket, the dream of man's landing on the moon has now come true.Science and technology also play an important role in our socialist construction.We may say, our socialist construction is just like a skyscraper, while science and technology are its base.Without the base, the skyscraper can't be built.Therefore, we should try our best to contribute to the development of science and technology so as to provide a more solid base to build our country.3.Importance of Education

China, as a developing country, is determined to catch up with and even surpass the developed ones.I think that one of the best possible ways to do so is to give first priority(优先）to the development of culture, science and especially education.In modern times, when science and technology are making great progress, the education of the work force is of primary importance.Moreover, many of the success in advanced countries have demonstrated that a nation 's prosperity mainly depends on the quality of its labour force, namely those who have been well educated.In a developing country such as China, our investment in culture, education and science, and especially elementary education, must enjoy top priority.This is crucial(决定性的）for China to catch up with the developed nations in today's surging(汹涌的)waves of technological revolution.Otherwise, the gap between China and advanced countries will be widened rather than bridged.4.Air Pollution

Air pollution is one of the major problems of the modern world.A great deal of energy is needed to run the factories of modern industrial nations.Automobile, trains, planes and busses need energy, too.Nearly all of this energy is produced by burning fuels.The burning produces wastes, some of which remain in the air, causing air pollution.Scientists are finding ways to stop air pollution especially in big industrial areas and densely-populated cities.They are studying new ways of generating electricity that may be less damaging to the environment.In the meantime, many power plants are being modernized to give off less polluted material.Also, engineers try to design and locate new power plants to do minimum damage to the environment.However, it may be that we still have a long way to go before we have a “clean” world.Nearly all of the countries are trying hard to prevent and control air pollution.There indeed seems to be no end to tasks that environmentalists will be required to do.People will continually find new ways to control pollution.5.Environmental Protection

Today the quality of our natural environment has become an important issue.The world population is rising so quickly that the world has become too crowded.We are using up our natural resources and at the same time polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals.If we continue to do this, life on earth cannot survive.Concerned people have made some progress in environmental protection.Governments of many countries have established laws to protect the air, forests and sea resources and to stop environmental pollution.Still more measures should be taken to solve environmental problems.People should be further educated to recognize the importance of the problems, to use modern methods of birth control, to conserve(保存）our natural resources and recycle（再循环）our products.We are sure that we can have a better and cleaner place in the future.6.Automobiles

Automobiles, as a product of modern civilization, have been playing a vital part in the daily activities of human society.Industry needs automobiles for farming as well as transportation.Every day, automobiles drive people to and from work.On weekends automobiles take families for joyful outings.And during holiday seasons, automobiles fill the highways everywhere, even in remote areas.It could be said that the wheels of automobiles move society forward.But automobiles have also given rise to a series of problems.For example, cities are overcrowded with automobiles.They create a lot of noise and traffic accidents which disable（伤残）or kill many people each year.Worst of all perhaps is the air pollution caused by the exhaust gases produced by automobiles.Some of the gases are highly toxic(有毒的）and a serious health hazard.7.Computer

The computer is widely used in all fields of society.Today, wherever you go, you will find computers being used.For example, computers are used in universities, large corporations, and small offices, etc.It has even entered the homes of ordinary people.As it is able to store and process a large amount of information, the computer bring about great convenience and high efficiency to people of all walks of life.Computers can help people in different ways.For example, computer help scientists in analyzing data and doing complex calculation.For another example, computers are made use of by engineers in designing a plane, or a spaceship.Besides, computers may also play a great role in helping children with their lesson.Whatever you are doing, you many find computer a useful aid.However, the computer must be designed and instructed by man.What is more, it is true that computers can make decisions, but they need detailed instructions and programs prepared by humans to operate.Therefore, the computer can never replace the human brain.8.Travelling

It is exciting to visit different places.As you travel, you will see beautiful sceneries typical of the region.Besides, you can meet and make friends with people of different colors and races.Finally, you can get to know the customs and living habits of the local people.Today people are so fond of travelling that tourism has become one of the fasters growing industries in most countries.The main reason why people travel is, perhaps, for pleasure.For example, having worked hard throughout the weekdays, people will find a widened trip to the nearby mountains or beaches a real relaxation.For another example, spending an annual holiday travelling abroad is an especially satisfying experience for those who do not have much of an opportunity to be away from their homelands.When people return from their travel, they will generally feel fresh and energetic, ready to work harder.Travelling is also one of the best means for learning.You may have read or heard about something but you can never get an accurate picture of it until you see it for yourself.Seeing is believing.Furthermore, if you area careful observer, you can learn much during your travel about the geography, biology, and history of the places you visit.No matter how well educated you are, there is always a lot for you to learn through travelling.The knowledge acquired from travel, as you will have found in your life, is no less valuable than that from any influential reference book.9.The World Population Explosion

The human race has experienced a consistent increase in population since the beginning of its history.Famine and disease have done little to offset(抵消）this steady increase.Too many people are added annually to the population of the world.So both the causes of population increase and the results of having more people are worth careful study.Culture evolution is the major factor responsible for population increase.Early in human development, people invented tools to hunt animals.Later they built shelters to protect themselves.Step by step, they made life easier.As a result, fewer died from natural forces, such as harsh climate and disease.In the past, when population grew, there was unexplored territory to inhabit.But now, almost all the habitable land has been explored.The world's population may reach 8.7 billion in 2033.It is clear that world population is a serious issue that needs careful attention.Human beings are unique to solve problems through cultural evolution.(发展）Facing the world population explosion in the near future.we must carry out the birth control program in order to save the mankind and save the world.10.Opening-door Policy is the Only Way to Make China Strong

Modern Chinese history leads us to the conclusion that socialism, not capitalism is best for China.But how a socialist China should look at capitalism and more importantly, make use of the better side of capitalism for its own advantage is of vital(至关）importance to the country.As far as our country's economic construction is concerned, taking advantage of the part of capitalism that is useful to us means we need to develop foreign trade, introduce advanced technology and better management, and make use of foreign funds.It also means we can absorb some of the economic theories, and make use of those economic policies, methods and measures that comply with(遵循）the law of mass production and a commodity economy.By opening our windows wider to the outside world, people can learn more about other peoples and learn to make sensible judgments.absorbing the better part of the cultures of other people to enrich ourselves is the best way to safeguard our socialist culture.So taking advantage of capitalism and stepping up economic reforms is the only way to make China strong.Closing the county to international exchanges will only keep it weak.11.Choosing an Occupation

Every one faces the problem of choosing an occupation after graduation from college or university, which plays a vital role in his life.An appropriate occupation makes a man work with zest(热情）and vigor, as well as contribute to his country.To make a wise choice, two important things should be taken into consideration.One is the interest, the other, the demands of people and society.Only if the two aspects are connected, can a man show his talent and ability to the best advantage.If the two conflict, the former should be under the latter, for the people's interests are more important than the individual's.In regard to my choice in the future, I am fond of learning foreign languages;what is more, with the implementation of the Open-Door Policy, exchange between home and abroad in economy and culture has been growing significantly, thus I'm determined to be a qualified interpreter.12.Studying abroad In recent years, studying abroad has been popular.Tens of thousands of Chinese teenagers have gone to foreign countries for further study.As is shown on the chart, the number of the teenagers studying abroad is increasing steadily.At the end of 2002, about 40% of the students studying abroad were middle school students.By the year 2005, the proportion can reach up to more than 80%.It is believed that there are many advantages in attending schools abroad.First, students can learn foreign languages more quickly under favorable conditions.Second, it can broaden their experience and help them learn much more advanced knowledge of science and technology from foreign countries.However, there are some disadvantages.Most of the students studying abroad are too young to live alone without any living experience.Besides, being far away from their home country, they may feel lonely and homesick.Also, the costs are much higher there than in the native country.As far as I‟m concerned, I would like to go further study abroad after graduation from college so that I can make a greater contribution to our country when I come back.13.Modernization of Family Life

With the rapid development of the society, family life is becoming modernized.Years ago, people considered owing radios, sewing machines, watches and bicycles as being modernized.but in recent years, almost all families have TV sets, refrigerators and washing machines.It is very common to see people ride motorcycles or even drive private cars and more and more families have telephones, computers and air-conditioners.The modernization of family life brings us convenience and comfort.One may enjoy TV or radio programs, communicate with his friends through telephone or work with his computer while his washing machine, refrigerator and air-conditioners are running.and by car or motorcycle one can quickly reach wherever he wants to go.In spite of this, these modern facilities also bring us disadvantages.For example, radiation from TV sets and computers is harmful to our health;improper driving of cars and motorcycles becomes the major cause of traffic accidents.The quietness of a family is often disturbed by a falsedialing or unwelcome phone call.but it is believed that these disadvantages will be disposed of with the improvement of modernization and our life will be more healthy and more comfortable.14.Energy Resources

China is rich in various energy resources.Coal and petroleum, for instance, are two major ones.They are essential in developing the country's industry, science and technology.China has done a great deal in the past few decades to raise its output of coal and petroleum.Three energy resources are being used up rapidly, With the building of four modernization, new industrial and science projects are springing up like bamboo shoots after rain.They are all big consumers of energy resources.Besides there has been considerable waste in the utilization of these resources.To avoid an energy crisis in the future, the government must take certain measures.First, it should let people know the importance of saving energy.Second, efforts should be made to develop new energy resources, such as solar energy, geothermal(地热）energy and so on.We have reason to be optimistic in this respect.15.Competition

Competition makes people original and creative.It very necessary to compete if human society wants to advance.(Even animals compete for survival.)Without it, we would become lazy and nobody would rake any responsibility.When three monks live together, there will be no drinking water.This Chinese proverb vividly describes why China's productivity was so low before Mr Deng came to power.At that time, we had the so-called planned economy.There was no competition at all.So neither farmers nor workers worked hard.China was on the edge of collapse.Competition can stimulate people to try their best to do anything.For example, in 100-meter race, each sportsman runs as quickly as possible, trying to win the champion.The same things happen in our society and in our daily life.If a company wants to surpass others, it must compete with them.It must raise its efficiency.All the companies doing this will no doubt benefit the whole society and the whole human race.Being a student, I must compete with other students in our studies.I must study hard in all the fields so that I can be a useful man when I enter the society after graduation.16.Students’ Part-time jobs

There are many advantages for a student to have a part time job.For instance, it helps him to realize that no success comes from nothing.It enables him to be independent and builds up his self-confidence.Therefore, part-time jobs can get the students out of the ivory tower and give them the opportunity to know more of himself and of his personal value in society.As everything has two sides, the disadvantages can‟t be ignored.Part-time jobs cut into students‟ study time;some even become so preoccupied with making money that they ca „t focus their attention on studying.In the end, the students may fall behind or fail in their studies.In my opinion, students can choose to take up a job according to their own situation.The most important thing is

for him to keep a good balance, put his study on top of the list and assign an adequate amount of time to it.17.Wealth and Happiness

Everybody wants to get wealth.In today‟s material world, making money or becoming wealthy symbolizes a person‟s success and capability.Many people just make every effort, pay any price to attain greater wealth.With money, they can but nice, large apartments in nice neighborhood;with money, they can own stately luxury cars.Wealth seems with money, they can own stately luxury cars.Wealth seems to bring all happiness in life.In my opinion, people cannot do anything without money, but money is not everything.What money will bring you depends on your personal belief and goal in life.If you are kind enough to help others, especially the poor, money is a good thing to you.With it, you can do much more for the benefit of people and your country, and it will and to your own happiness.If you want money just for your own needs, you‟ll never be satisfied or happy.In a word, you should have money spent for more people, only then can money be the source of your happiness.18.Ideals

Everyone has his ideals.A businessman wishes to make greater profit;a farmer expects bumper harvests;a student tries to learn more and better.And everyone strives, with more or less effort, to realize his ideal.One should be sensible about whether his ideal is well founded or not.If it is, one has to plan and work hard for its realization.Effort, skill and persistence are all necessary.And very often, one has to get help from others, including advice and support in one form or another.My ideal is to become a doctor, It is said that the field of medicine is a well-paid profession, but I take it as a lofty profession entrusted with saving people‟s lives.To realize my ideal I have concentrated on laboratory work to develop the analytical skills necessary to become a qualified doctor.I am sure I will realize my ideal if I persevere in this pursuit.19.Popular Sports in China

Sports are flourishing in china now.More and more people are willing to take part in sports of different kinds, such as table-tennis, football, volleyball, and so on.Every year there are many matches played on the city, provincial or national level.Sports are no longer limited to a few professional players.Early in the morning people may be seen doing exercise.Martial arts(like Chinese boxing or swordplay)which formerly were cultivated for self-defense, now have become a form of physical exercise and are practiced in parks, streets, gardens, or on campuses.In addition young and old people are also often seen running in order to build up their bodies.China promotes sports to enhance the physical condition of its people;she is formulating policies to provide encouragement of this activity.She awards prizes to the excellent players for the best records both in china and the world.In the world the Chinese have become a strong people instead of “the weaklings of East Asia”.20.Is Failure a Bad Thing?

Failure is what often happens.It is everywhere in our life.Students may fail in exams, scientists may fail in their research work, and athletes may fail in competitions.Although failure happens to everyone, attitudes towards failure are various.Some people don‟t think their failure is a very important thing at all.So they pay no attention to it.As a result, they will have the same failure a period later.Some people think themselves are fools and lose their hearts in everything after they get a failure.Consequently, they spend their time and energy on useless things and they may really be fools as they have thought.Other people are quite different from the two kinds of people mentioned above.Instead of being distressed and lost, they draw a lesson from every failure and become more experienced.After hard work, they will be successful in the end.It is said that failure is the mother of success.Success will be gained after times of failures so ling as we are good at drawing lesson from our failures.In my opinion, failure is not a bad thing, the really bad thing is taking a failure as failure or even lose our heart after failure.21.Health and Life

As the saying goes, you don‟t know what happiness is until you lose it，you don‟t know what health is until

you are ill.“Health is of vital importance to life” sounds like a cliche to everyone, but it is absolutely true.The negligence of the delicate balance of your body and soul, the harmful habits such as smoking, excessive drinking and burning mid-night oil will catch up with you someday.How many big plans are interrupted by bad health!Even a normal life is unimaginable without the guarantee of health.How to keep fit is an eternal topic of diversity and controversy.Regardless of all the different suggestions poured from all kinds of sources, one should do at least two things for him/herself.First, hold an active and optimistic attitude toward life and maintain a mental well-being.Second, live a regular life and keep a balanced diet.Anyway, a healthy life is within reach when you begin to adjust your mind and body.22.Dialect TV plays Last week a discussion was held in our class about whether dialects should be on TV.45% of the students held the idea that a television play is more interesting and enjoyable if a dialect is used.China is a large country where people speak many different dialects.Using dialects on TV programmes can show different cultures in different places, so that people can learn more about our country.However, the other 55% of us didn‟t agree with them.They thought that as people in a developing country become more closely related, there should be a common language for communication.If dialects are used on TV, some audiences will not understand the programmes.They will not be able to communicate.Besides, if dialects are used on TV, people who watch it will probably misunderstand what performers intend to express.Some of them may lose interest in watching it.23.Recycle textbooks As we know, when senior students graduate from school, most of their textbooks, which are still in good condition are thrown away.What a great waste it is!Thus, here comes a heated debate on / people have different opinions about whether we should recycle textbooks.Some people are the opponents because they think there is a danger for students when using the recycling textbooks with many bacteria on them, which are bad for children‟s health.Furthermore, notes on the pages made by the students may disturb the next users.As for Printing Industry, Publishing Industry and other related ones, it is big loss in making profits.On the other hand, however, many more people think recycling textbooks is a good suggestion, which I quite agree to.For one thing, recycling textbooks can save a lot of natural resources and reduce waste.Besides, a cut in the expenses means less stress for the parents, especially for those relatively less rich ones.And for students, it is also a useful way to develop a good habit of reading and taking care of books, to cultivate the sense of social responsibility of valuing common property and promote the awareness of treasuring natural resources.As a matter of fact, recycling textbooks is very popular with some foreign countries such as Australia, which has set a good example to us.Therefore, recycling textbooks is not only necessary but also helpful.24.Harmonious society What a good boy!Child as he is, he set up a good example to us.Everyone has the responsibility to keep our environment clean.If everyone does as Xiao Ming did, we can imagine how harmonious the society will be.Compared with the whole society, a tiny person perhaps won‟t have an opportunity to create a great cause.But if we paid more attention to some tiny things around us, we would make a contribution to the development of the Harmonious Society.25.Happiness Happiness means different things to different people./ Different people value happiness differently.So a survey has been conducted by China Daily lately among students to find out what happiness means to them.29% of the students believe that money can make them happy.They think they can buy and do whatever they like with the money they have.However, 34% of them insist that health is the most important, without which they cannot enjoy themselves.There are another 13% of the students expecting the wealth from their parents, thus they don‟t have to work while the rest 24% think they should put knowledge at the first place.But I don‟t think money and wealth are the most important.There are many things that you can‟t do with money.Healthy body but less knowledge cannot make a great man.So I quite agree to the opinion that mastering more knowledge is the happiest thing in people‟s lives.With knowledge we can do lots of useful things to make people live better and happier.Of course we‟ll be much clever and much more thoughtful with knowledge.26.Jobs I‟m a senior 3 student.My name is Li Ming.Recently I have made a survey among 50 boys and 50 girls.The result of the survey is as follows: What the boys like to do is to become businessmen and scientists.Only a few boys want to be teachers.It is interesting that the number of boys and girls who want to become doctors is equal.As for lawyers, more boys expect to have this job.However, there are still students who are not clear about their future.27.Learning strategy Thank you for writing to me.I‟m sorry that you are worried about your study.My suggestions are as follows:

Firstly, you‟d better keep in a good mood to overcome test anxiety.It‟s important to stay calm when facing difficulties.It will help you relax and concentrate on what you are learning.Don‟t step away from a challenge, but go for it.Secondly, it is necessary to make a study scheme and set yourself/have a clear goal.Making a good study plan makes it possible for you to learn more and faster in limited time, and therefore prepares you for the coming exams.Last but not least, you should create your learning strategy so that you can learn more efficiently.Try to find the most appropriate ways to improve your study skills, then you‟ll manage your learning effectively.Cheer up and have confidence in your own abilities, and I‟m sure you‟ll succeed.28.Study at university Next year, I will go to study at university, but I don‟t know how to adapt myself to university life.I hear many freshmen are at a loss what to do when they are at university.They can‟t take care of themselves in their everyday life, feeling lonely and homesick.Clothes, money or mobile phones are sometimes gone.And because of different climates and food, they often feel sick.Some even rent rooms outside the campus.Could you tell me how to deal with these problems so that I will be able to suit the university life in the future? 29.Power station I‟m a middle school student.I hear that a power station will be built near Mt.Yunxia, a place of interest.We know the power station will provide us with plenty of power and as a result, the local economy will develop rapidly, but many citizens and I are against the plan.To build the power station, many people will have to move away and a great number of trees will have to be cut down.What‟s worse, once the scenery of Mt.Yunxia is destroyed, it can never be restored.Therefore, this plan is not good for protecting the environment.We suggest the city government should think over the plan.30.Saving Our City As is known to all, it is very important to deal with the rubbish in cities.Rubbish must be treated properly.Otherwise it may pollute the environment and do harm to our health/ cause a lot of problems.It may pollute the air and water.When people breathe(in)the polluted air and drink the polluted water, they may get ill.Our city has begun to pay attention to the problem.As far as I know, some rubbish is sorted and sent to different factories.Rubbish, such as old newspapers and glass, is recycled.Some harmful rubbish is sent to a certain place and buried.Waste air is cleaned before it goes into the air.Waste water is treated before(it is)poured into rivers.At the same time, the government has passed laws to prevent people from throwing rubbish everywhere to protect the environment.We should do our best to take good care of the environment.