口语小短文

第一篇：口语小短文

自信的重要性：

It’s generally accepted that confidence plays a very vital role in one’s life.But do you really know what dose self-confidence mean? Well, it means that you have strong belief that you can do things and you will succeed in the end.If you want to do something well, you must have faith in yourself.Just like the old saying goes, confidence in yourself is the first step on the road to success.Otherwise, you may hardly to do anything right.Some people love to complain how incapable they are or how difficult their tasks are, they never think about the problem in themselves, which is lack of confidence.If they fail, they will refuse to have another try.Then they will never ever have the chance to overcome difficulties.人们普遍认为，自信在个人的生活中扮演着重要的角色。但你知道“自信”指的究竟是什么吗？它意味着你非常相信自己能把事情做好。如果你想做好某事，那么你就得对自己有信心。俗话说得好：自信是通向成功之路的第一步。否则，你很难成功。有些人很喜欢抱怨自己是多么的无能；或者他们的任务是多么的艰难。这些都是缺乏自信的表现。如果他们失败了，就拒绝再试一次。如此，他们便失去了克服困难的机会。

There are several reasons why people feel no confidence about themselves when they meet the challenges.First of all, they underestimate themselves.Second, they tend to overestimate the problems that in front of them.Last but not least, they are afraid of losing their face or making terrible mistakes if they fail.当人们面对挑战的时候之所以会不自信，有如下的几个原因。首先，他们低估了自己的能力；其次，又高估了所面对的困难。最后一点，他们害怕丢脸或是被他人嘲笑，如果他们真的失败了的话。

There are many ways for us to build up self-confidence.Emerson used to say: “Self-trust is the first secret of success.” Before we do something, we should make full preparations and try to encourage ourselves that we will success.If we fail, don’t be afraid, try again;or turn to others for help.If we can overcome the adversities this time, then we will gain some confidence.Step by step, we would become more and more confident.We should have a right attitude toward our abilities and should never look down upon ouurselves.The chief thing to remember is: failure is the mother of success.塑造信心有很多种方式。艾默生曾经说过：“自信是成功的第一秘诀”。在我们做事情之前，先做好充分准备并尽量鼓励自己，相信自己会成功。如果我们失败了，也别害怕，再试一次；或者像他人求助。如果这一次我们能够克服困难，那么，我们的自信心就会增加。一步一步的，就会变得越来越自信。对自己的能力，也应该有个正确的态度，不要低估自己的能力。最需谨记的是：失败是成功之母。

遵守诺言的重要性：

When we judge a person, we are likely to think about whether he or she is keeping promises, the person who always keeps his promises is popular, people around him are willing to make friends with him.So keeping promises is very important, we should never break our promises, or we will be abandoned by others.First, we should never late for meeting or date.When we make a deal with others to meet at some places, we shall be there in time or earlier, it is rude to be late and let others wait for a long time.I hate my friends late for meeting, though they have reasons, they could have been here in advance.Second, we’d better think twice before making a promise, if we promise people, it means we have ability to finish it, people are hold great hope on us, if we fail, how disappoint it is.So we should measure ourselves before we making a promise.对化妆的看法：

As a college girl, there are two points of view that I have to declare when it comes to make-up issues.First, the heart of beauty is in everyone's.Second, elegance is an attitude.Make-up is no longer a secret among college girls and it is never could turn us into monsters.It doesnot mean girls pay no attention to books or classes.On the contrary,make-up shows respect as well as confidence to life.We never need Las Vegas dancer style make-up but only decent perfume and fresh cheek color that makes us a vigorus and attractive young lady.Wisdom with elegance, that's the reason while college girls make up.A cosmetic or plastic surgery topics people 首先,化妆在我看来,是对人的一种礼貌,那只要不是浓妆艳抹,我觉得是可以接受的.并且我也觉得这是对人的一种尊重

First of all, makeup in my opinion, is a polite to people, that as long as it is not make-up, I think it is acceptable.And I also think it is a kind of respect for people.那么,其次,来说说整容这个问题,若不是你人特别难看的前提条件,我觉得,脸大点就脸大点,婴儿肥就婴儿肥,没什么必要整容.Then, secondly, it said cosmetic this problem, if not you ugly premise condition, I think, big points on the face, baby fat on some baby fat, no need of cosmetic.最后,我想说,人其实还是靠内在来吸引人的,你的内在够吸引人,外在当然也得打扮得体,像是杨澜,彭丽媛,你什么时候看到她们出外在正式的场合,弄得蓬头垢面的?女人,要看上去娴雅,得体,不是你要多么的美艳,也不是你要多么的霸道,而是静谧,宽容,有一颗包容的心,而非是只强调外在.现代女人一些企图用整容来俘获男人的心,用浓妆艳抹俘获男人的心,其实,我觉得这是不够的,男人的心,应该是岁月里,你知他,忍他,暖他,互相的宽容对方.Finally, I want to say, actually still rely on intrinsic to attract people, your inner enough to attract people, external it properly dressed like Yang Lan, Peng Liyuan, when you see them out in formal situations, make dirty? Women, to look elegant, decent, not you how beautiful, nor do you want how overbearing, but quiet, tolerant, have a forgiving heart, rather than only emphasizing external.Modern woman some attempt to use plastic to capture the hearts of men, with makeup capture the hearts of men, in fact, I think this is not enough, the man's heart, should be days, you know him, could he, warm him, mutual tolerance of each other.家庭暴力

Domestic violence has always been considered a phenomenon that does a great harm to family relationship.Some people insist that this problem should be treated with caution and solved effectively,whereas many others just regard it as a exaggerated incident.And as far as I can see,I strongly support the former.It cannot be denied that domestic violence indeed exist in some families all around the world and it does damage the environment of a family.Actually,many teleplays and movies often use domestic violence as a subject to give a big shock to the TV viewers so that they can feel the happiness of having a harmonious family.Living in a condition where domestic violence happens frequently,the people will not only be injuried physically but get hurt badly in sprit.It brings them a great pain and makes them bear a huge living pressure,probably even deforms the weakers’ mind.What’s worse,the majority of the children who has grown up in domestic violence are introverted and frail and it endangers the elders’ health to a large extent as well.Furthermore,many family conflicts,such as divorce and separation,are also caused by domestic violence.The harm that domestic violence brings is very serious.So what’s the effective way to reduce and even eliminate this problem?Firstly,the laws concerning the domestic violence must be made to protect the people who’s living in domestic violence,which can give them a powerful weapon to defend themselves when they suffer it.For example,if domestic violence happens,the victims can use their legal rights to ask legal branch for help and the criminal shall be investigated according to the laws.In addition,government should set up a domestic violence control network to record the family that is suffering from domestic violence and give more care to them.To sum up,domestic violence is a problem we cannot overlook and government and the victims will play a very important role in solving it.And with our joint efforts,I believe this phenomenon will be effectively solved someday.

第二篇：英语口语考试口语小短文整理

1、Should people improve their appearance through plastic surgery?

First of all,Love for beauty is inborn and natural.Everybody wants to have a good appearance.Secondly,to a certain degree,a good appearance is benefit to the occupation.By improving one’s appearance, one may extend the period of one’s career.In,fact,some jobs require good appearance.The public expects people at certain jobs to have a good appearance.Finally,it is important for people to construct confidence,better looks may give people more confidence.However,some people,hold the opposite view.Firstly,the most important thing is it is true that the plastic surgery may very dangerous.We all heard the news that somebody died of plastic surgery.Secondly,plastic surgery is very expensive,which leads to the fact that someone spends all her money on it.The last but not least,one’s inner beauty or qualities like honesty, faithfulness, diligence and sense of humor are more important than one’s appearance.As far as I'm concerned,we should not spend too much money and energy on our appearance,I think the ability is more important,which should be paid more attention to.2.Many college students choose to take part-time jobs in their spare time,what do you think may be the advantage?

Taking part-time jobs may have at least three benefits for college students in my eyes.First and foremost, students can promote their study through part-time jobs.For instance, if a teacher-training student finds a part-time job to teach in a family serving as a home tutor,his practice will enable him to better understand how to teach well.What’s more, the part-time job can offer him opportunities to go beyond what has been taught in class, and he will learn something that doesn’t exist in books but in practice.Moreover, students can accumulate work experience through part-time jobs, which will benefit their future job-hunting.Part-time jobs act as warm-up exercises for students to take full-time jobs after graduation and help them to prepare for future careers.In addition, graduate students lacking in practical work experience are often disfavored in job-hunting markets.Last but not the least, doing part-time jobs is a way to earn some money.it can partly relieve students’ financial burden, especially those who are from poor families.3.Students spend a lot of time watching all kinds of TV programs during their holidays, ranging from TV series to Talent Show.But it may be harmful if we watch TV too much.Could you give some reasons? The most important reason why watching TV is bad is that it influences how much family members communicate.Parents, grandparents, and other family members have a lot of wisdom to share.This wisdom, however, is often ignored by young people who watch TV.Furthermore, it reduces children study time.Many students are addicted to TV,they watch TV all time when they have spare time and even more don’t do homework.What’s more,spend too much time to watching TV is bad to the health.we don’t do exercise so we will easily become fat.Also,watching TV too much can not only do harm to our eyesight,but also have a bad influence on our ability of reading.According to a recent research, the students watching TV over 6 hours per day are generally poor in reading and comprehension.Finally,TV programs can be a bad influence.Some shows include inappropriate language and too much violence Many researchers say children do repeat what they see on TV.Therefore, on my personal note , students shouldn't be addicted to watching TV.4.Please describe what kink of people you expect your dream lover to be.With the increasing of age,we all want to have a special lover who we will love forever.Of course,including me.AS far as I am concerned,first,my lover he should be a loving person.Not only does he love his family, but he is warm-hearted to help those around or even someone who they don’t know.Second,He should be careful and thoughtful,When I am not happy and don’t know what to do,he can take me to someplace where he can bring me laugh.he can tell a joke to enhance my mood and reduce depression.Third,he must be a responsible man,who loyal to his family and his career.So he can give me safety.When I am scared, he can company with me.I wish that when something happens,he can calm down and face it rather than fleeing.Meanwhile,he must be supposed to know romance, tolerance and humor..If he is handsome that would be better Last but not least someone who is good at cooking is always welcome.In a word,he must be a man who loved me and i addicted to him.5.What are the pros and cons of exercises? / What are the advantages and disadvantages of exercises? It is generally accepted that regular exercise can bring us great benefits.For example,it improves our appearance.Through exercise, you can get a nice figure.In addition,exercise is beneficial to the growth of bones and muscles,it can make us grow taller.Also,exercise can strengthen the function of hearts and lung,it can make us become stronger and healthier,improve our ability to resist illness.What’s more, it can enhance our mood and reduce depression and anxiety.After working long time,exercise can also make the brain rest,so we can be better to completed the next work.However,every coin has two sides.Exercise can also bring us potential dangers.For instance,it may affect ones personal life.Some people are so obsessed with exercise,that they give little time and attention to other aspects of their personal lives.Whats worse,if we do exercise in a wrong way, it can actually do some harm to our body.Some people who work out hard can pull their muscles.Moreover, some even hurt a joint or break a bone.6many college students and high school students choose to study abroad after their graduation.What is your view of studying abroad?

Nowadays,more and more students choose to study abroad.Because they believe that overseas study will be very rewarding.They think they will learn important skills, such as a foreign language, art,and technology.And they also think it will allow them to meet people with different thoughts.These new thoughts, the students believe, will broaden their minds and help build their future careers.Study abroad must have its benefits,but i think we can get all of these benefits in local school if we want.there are also some reasons can account for why I refuse to study abroad.First, studying abroad is costly.Students may pay up to three or four times more than study at a local university.This expense often causes a heavy burden to ordinary families.Second, studying abroad means I have to leave my friends and family behind.Without the support of family and friends, I must,suffer many difficulties,alone.Third, it often brings about the experience of astounding culture shock.Some students cant adapt well to the new environment.7、What are the advantages and disadvantages of public transportation? Advantages of public transportation may be listed as follows: Firstly, It is convenient.We have developed a mature public transportation network, which can take you to every corner of the city.Secondly,it saves money.The fee we pay for public transportation is much cheaper than the cost we need to pay if we ride our own car.Thirdly, It is environmental friendly.Take public transport can reduce carbon dioxide emissions, it is good for the environment.Fourthly,We can make friends when we take public transportation.Disadvantages of public transportation may be listed as follows: 1)It is not so comfortable.The bus and the subway are often crowded, especially in rush hours.2)It is time-consuming.It has to stop from time to time to pick up passengers.Once you miss a bus, you may have to wait for quite a long time for next one.3)It sometimes can be dangerous.The bus and the subway are usually overloaded in rush hours,it is very dangerous.Also,it is crowed so people’s property security is dangerous.8.What qualities do you think great people should have? To be a great person is not an easy thing.Here I list several main qualifications great people should possess.Firstly, if he/she has an outstanding talent in some areas, he must have a special skill such as Yao Ming, Marie Curie and Albert Einstein.Secondly, if he/she is only an ordinary person , he/she should be kind-hearted.It means he is broad-minded and able to live in harmony.Thirdly, I think he/she should have courage to face all difficulties, threats and violence.Brave people have a sense of responsibility without back down.Fourthly, they can focus on one thing.Great people are serious about their work.They focus on it, and they don’t allow themselves to become distracted.They did their best to accomplish their goals no matter how difficult they will face.Finally he or she possesses vision.They foresee important needs.For example, Mr.Deng Xiaoping has foresee the need for China to reform and open to the outside world after the Cultural Revolution.9Should one help his or her friend do something illegal? What are the limits of friendship? I think the answer of question is very clear.we shouldn’t help our friend do something illegal.Friendship is an important topic that requires serious thought.Definitely, there are some limits on what we should do for our friends.We should not help our friends to do something illegal.A friend instead, is someone who would encourage a person to act lawfully.A true friend should be sincerely for you,should be good for you.Not for friends possibly know it’s wrong still to help you,instead correcting the mistakes.Most importantly,if you help your friend to do illegal things,it means you and your friends both illegally,it will surely to be punished by the law and will bring a bigger trouble.In a word, we should keep our friends really out of trouble.If we accompany our friends in a wrong-doing,we hurt ourselves and hurt true friendship.Helping someone do something illegal does not sound like real friendship at all.10、How should we look at fame and what should we do in the face of fame? First, we have to admit that each of us want’s to have a good reputation and

there is nothing wrong with fame.Fame is a symbol of success in ones career.When one has achieved it, fame shows that a person has done well.It can even encourage people to work harder, to do even better work.Therefore, we should have a positive attitude towards fame—not making it a burden, but avoiding the corruption that can occur because of it.After becoming famous, we should continue do well.Whether it is in the sciences or in the arts, accomplishment and selfless devotion to work should continue.We can not stop because of the fame and wealth, we should continue to adhere to our struggle.In a word, we should actively pursue good reputation, but avoid the existing fame brought us negative influence.11.Does hard work count?/ Is hard work important in one’s pursuit of success? It seems that some people achieve success more easily than others.It is often said that their success is due to good luck or that they are simply more talented than others.This may be true, but I think it is important not to ignore the value that hard work plays in any success.In some fields, such as music and art, it is necessary for a person to have some natural ability.However, talent is not enough.It takes hard work to develop such a talent.Musicians must practice;artists must study.If a talented person makes no efforts to improve his skills, he will always be someone with potential, but never someone who has realized it.In addition, one who is not especially talented can still succeed if he is willing to work hard.And his hard work may lead him to discover talents that he never knew he had.Therefore, the person who has never been called gifted should not despair.As long as he makes an effort, he is bound to have some success.Moreover, if he never tries, he may never discover his hidden talents.12、Can a person rely on the welfare system for everything? Why?

Welfare system has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.It has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.Nonetheless, a person can't rely on the welfare system for everything.Welfare is the symbol of a country's development, Benefits to help poor people become rich, Now that most parts of the country have become better off, the state can spare more resources to help the few poor areas develop.But lazy people on welfare become.Countries will become obsolete.People have hands and feet.People do not intend to learn to develop forward is not to stop light.Besides, money is not the only thing that a person needs in order to live.A person needs things for his soul-excitement, strength, adventure and so on.Everyone needs love, too.And a disabled person is not different.He needs these things and he must get them the same way that everyone else does.He must get them on his own.13.We have entered E-times.The globe is linked by the Internet.But people have different ideas on the Internet.What’s your view? Nowadays, people hold different even opposite ideas on the Interner.Some people believe the Internet has its large amount of advantages.When it comes to Internet's advantages, many people believe that Internet makes our lives more convenient.Through the Internet, we can contact whoever we want to contact without considering the distance.When we feel boring, we can play computer games on it with others.We can also buy things on it and shopping on the Internet makes us buy whatever we like without going outside.However, other people do believe that other than some disadvantages, the Internet has its own advantages.First, they believe Internet causes the most serious problem-Internet addiction.More and more students lose themselves to the Internet, and this may result in the loss of their bright future.Second, Internet connection is virtual so that someone who prefers face to face communication think that the Internet give them a feeling of untrue.Last but not least, the Internet becomes more and more unsafe.Someone with bad intention can steal your own information easily through the Internet, and it sometimes can be a big threat to our safety.14、Should we ignore our friends and family for the sake of our own interests? With the development of the society, some people think that their own interests are more important than their family and friends.Nevertheless more and more people don't agree with this view.Most of the people think our friends and family must important than our own interests.We must love them with our whole heart.Every one of us needs friends, so that you can rely on each other, support each other.Friendship is a bridge between people, the communication of each other's feelings, let us understand each other.Your forever friend gets you through the hard times,the sad times,and the confused times.Therefore, friendship is important.Besides, the home is a warm harbor, because there are families of love.No matter how long we are children in parents' eyes.Parents gave us life and gives us a home, and then the love of parents grew up.Due to the continuous affection, let oneself face difficulty without fear.Peace is blessed, family happy, loving family!When we are in trouble, we want other people to give us a hand;when we are upset, we need other people to give us comfort and encouragement.Friends and family make life more meaningful and beautiful.If nothing except our own interests occurs in our minds, we will lose our souls.Even if we may achieve our goals, we will lose our friends and family.Therefore, by putting friends and family members before our own interests, we can have the best possible lives.15、China has declared a war on corruption with a focus on corrupt government officials.Is it possible for China to end corruption? I am sure it is possible to end corruption because I believe in the Chinese people.Though there is no denying that there are many corruptions in China, and those corruptions are causing problems now,I also believe that most people are good and honest.What’s more,now a lot of corrupt officials have been investigated which brings us a lot of confidence.I believe that most Chinese people are brave.If asked by the government to watch out for and report corruption, most people will do so.They will report corruption wherever they see it.Then actions will be taken against that corruption.Any plan that includes the Chinese people against corruption will work.Everybody is responsible for bribes.last but not least,we have a good leader.As long as we work together.,I believe that ending corruption will be accomplished by China.16.IQ has been used for years to measure people.However, people start to be keen on EQ these days.What’s your view on IQ and EQ? EQ is better than IQ at predicting success.IQ is more of an academic measure.It may show you how well a person is able to figure out the answer to a math problem or how quickly one is able to remember and recall information.These abilities are certainly helpful in life, but they are clearly not the most helpful.The most successful people are those who are able to keep calm in the face of challenge.A person with high IQ is able to do so.And there is no denying that he is able to do other valuable things as well.For instance, he is not only able to recover after having faced setbacks.He is also more flexible which can help him solve things better.A person who can be calm and communicate well is more valuable than ever before.What's more,I think a person who has a high IQ can make lots of friends and get a lot of help from them.17.Is money the most important thing in your life? If not, what is it? No, money is not the most important thing in my life.In the life, you may have much money or no money, but can you tell when you are happy judging from that? The answer is no.The poor can even be happier than the rich.There are many things else like happiness.All the money of the world canot buy happinessI think the most important thing in life is love.First, everything is born of love.When a child is born, his parents give him or her lots of love in creating a healthy environment for him or her.Secondly, what society needs is also love, if there is no love among members in society, it will become listless apathy.Third, though money can buy something, it can not give or buy love.Love yourself and you get respect from others.Give your love and you create a harmonious surroundings for the society.Finally, everyone knows that friendship is built on love instead of money.Money can’t support ever-lasting friendship.18.What makes you feel stressed? How to deal with it?

There are so many things that may make us feel stressed.Stress is a state of worry due to pressue from too much work or study ,heavy responsibilities,the quickened pace of life and so on.For example, when I’m in a hurry for tests, I may feel stressed, as there are so much work I should do and I have no time to have a break.The feelings make me think that everything is disgusting.So,how to deal with it? I will say it’s easy.As everyone knows that music is the best cure in the world, especially for bad mood.Sometimes, when I feel stressed, I may listen to music or go out to inhale fresh air or play some computer games.Its a good way for me to get relaxed and to forget some misfortune or disgusting things.After that, I become energetic and active again.19、Should the use of disposable（一次性的）plastic bags be banned？Give your reasons.In my opinion,we should ban the use of disposable plastic bags.Disposable plastic bags were once widely used which wastes lots of money and energy.as we all known that they were cheap and convenient,we depend on them to carry things when shopping.There is no denying that they had become part of our everyday life.for a while,life without them seemed unimaginable for most of us.However,disposable plastic bags do bring severe damages to our environment.costumers usually threw them away after use,and because they are hard to break down,these plastic products will exist for a long time.this is an immediate threat to our earth.can you imagine our earth being covered by millions of plastic bags?So it is really make sense to limit the use of disposable plastic bags.we can make some laws to ban use of disposable plastic bags to protect our environment.i think everyone of us can make a contribution to a better environment.That is my answer for the question.20.Whom do you turn to for help when you have problems? why? When I have a difficulty,I immediately think that I should turn to my parents for help,the important reason is that they always support us without hesitation.There is no denying that they had experienced a lot so there are very more considerate than us.Sometimes we may feel grown up and no longer need parents’ help.But when we meet difficulties and no one comes to assist us,we get to know that many people who helped us are all on purpose.They help you and want something from you.But we get to know that only our parents can share endless love to us.Although sometimes we do something wrong and may hurt them,they would not abandon us and help us to solve our problems by doing their best.When I feel sad, going home is my first choice,because my parents will not blame me and will encourage me.When I hear the voice of my parents I feel relieved and wanted to embrace them.They are always my back bone.l thank them and love them more than ever.

第三篇：小短文

高尔基苦读成才

高尔基是俄国著名的文学家。他的成才之路非常艰辛，由于家里很穷，不到十岁便到一个绘图师家里做学徒，当学徒十分辛苦。绘图师家里有一个储藏间，里面堆满了书。这对好学的高尔基来说，无疑是发现了宝藏。他把书偷偷带在身边，不工作时就躲到角落里如饥似渴地读书。晚上没有灯，高尔基就打开窗户，借着月光读书。绘图师家的圣像前常年点着蜡烛，高尔基每天等到夜深人静的时候，就悄悄地来到阁楼，在微弱的烛光下读书。

有一次，高尔基太累，抱着书睡在了阁楼上。绘图师的妻子拿着扫帚，一边狠狠地打他，一边骂道：“小偷，看我不打死你!”绘图师问明了原因，不但没有生气，反而拍着高尔基的头说：“我看你是个用功的好孩子。你想看书就直接向我要吧!”从此，高尔基一心陶醉在书的海洋里。最后终于成为举世闻名的大作家。

鲁迅先生从小也很喜欢读书，学校奖给他一枚金质奖章。他立即拿到南京鼓楼街头卖掉，然后买了好几本书，又买了一串红辣椒。每当晚上寒冷时，夜读难耐，他便摘下一颗辣椒，放在嘴里嚼着，直辣得额头冒汗。他就用这种办法驱寒坚持读书。由于苦读书，后来终于成为我国著名的文学家。这两位大文豪的成功，都告诉我们：“成功哪里得？贵在苦读书！”

从这故事中，我们也可以认识到，读书和写作的关系非常密切，要写作文，你得先读书。读了许多书，才有了写作的基础，高尔基和鲁迅的成功不正是这样吗？“读书破万卷，下笔如有神”。多多读书吧，它是写好作文基础。

阅读聚材

写作是从阅读开始的，阅读是学生积累写作素材的一个最重要的途径。我们上语文课，学习别人的文章，就是一种阅读。我们在阅读时还应该将读课文与写作文相结合。由于课文与实际生活接近，写作的方法都对学生有一个规范化的引导，有一些小经历可能都是学生亲身经历过的，可以恰如其分地模仿课文内容指导自己的写作实践。当然，课堂阅读是有限的，所以课外还应花一定的时间看些有益的书。多读课外作品，积累优美的语句。同时要与课堂阅读结合起来，仔细品位和借鉴经典作品的谋篇布局。

1、伟人毛泽东的《讲堂录》

伟人毛泽东有一本《讲堂录》，是毛泽东学生时代留下的读书笔记。共有47页，一万多字，字全部为毛泽东读书时摘抄下来的精彩词语句段，且用“兰亭体”小楷字书写而成。他非常仰慕爱国诗人屈原，前面11页全文抄录了《离骚》、《九歌》，一丝不苟。后面36页主要是国文和修身的听课笔记。涉及范围很广：先秦哲学、楚辞、汉赋、汉书、唐宋古文、宋明理学以及明末清初的思想家与文学家。这些议论多是做人和治学的随感，却含深刻哲理。

毛泽东很推崇徐特立老师“不动笔墨不读书”的学习方法。所谓“动笔墨”，就是不只是读前人的书，而且要经过认真思考和消化，把自己的心得和看法写下

来，其中包括对书中同意或不同意的地方。毛泽东每读一本书都会有条理的记录文中的名言警句，并写出自己的体会。有条理地记录其中的典故，全文的要点和自己简短的议论。据不完全统计，自新中国政府进驻北京到1966年9月，毛泽东先后从北京图书馆、首都图书馆、北大图书馆、北师大图书馆等借阅图书达2000余种，5000余册。

毛泽东由于积累丰富，后来写出了许多优秀文章，他究竟写了多少书，真是的书多得数不过来。这么丰厚的成果和他学生时代及一生认真读书，刻苦摘抄积累资料分不开的。

同学们是怎样读书的？做到了像毛泽东青少年时代那样认真读书了吗？一边读书，一边批注、摘抄，写笔记，发议论，大量阅读，日积月累。这样既提高阅读能力，又积累丰富知识。养成了阅读的好习惯，你的仓库里存储了各种材料，到写文章时，还怕没有东西可写吗？

小文的习作训练

小文被学校评文“写作之星”，被报社评为“优秀小记者”，他的成功与他爸爸的培养是分不开的。他的爸爸在家第一件事就是和儿子一起学习。几乎每天傍晚，爸爸都带小文在树林里跑步，一边跑一边看一看各种不同树木生长的情况，看着野蔷薇漫出来了，会伤人的话，折一折。如果看到斜坡上面有小木棍的话，对于跑步的人是很危险的，他们把它移开。

跑到湖边的时候，爸爸会跟孩子说：“你看一看这个水光，可以用哪些词汇去形容，天光云影映在水里，又可以怎么样形容。你看这些莲花，莲叶甜甜，用什么办法去形容。”儿子跟爸爸学习，丰富词汇是第一步。爸爸教小文一套训练的方法：你可以先想想人、地、事、物，可以随便想一个，在大树下，两个人聊天。爸爸让孩子讲，用“聊天”做题目，你怎么样写？他从人的角度说：“是一位李先生和一位我不认识的小姐，坐在树阴下聊天。”人和地有了，“我做作业的时候”，事和时也有了，他们在聊什么呢？你就可以这样延伸下去，人、地、事、时、物是很重要的因素。这就是从记叙文的要素出发进行练习。

另外可以用视觉来写。如《桃花源记》里，当他看到桃花林，看到小洞就舍船从口入，“复行数十步，豁然开朗”，是个大远景；“土地平旷”，渐渐到了中景；“桑竹之属，阡陌交通，鸡犬相闻”；往来男女衣着，男女分得出来了，“黄发垂髫”，发式看到了，怡然自乐，还笑咪咪的，是大特写。这不是像电视、电影镜头一样吗？如果我们写作也用镜头的方式来写，就很容易了。

小文告诉爸爸去学校出板报的事。“今天下午一点钟，我骑车来到学校的门口，伙伴已经在那里等着，大概是怕我迟到吧”，地点讲了，时间讲了，人也讲了，“跟着伙伴进了学校，老师已准备好出板报的资料在那儿等着了”，事件也有了。一个写作的人，如果你觉得难记住用一条线写。那就分条写，如果写你的家庭，先不要写你的爸爸妈妈，先用单条线形容你的家。于是，可以从你的家门开始写，你可以怎么说？

“远远的我总是看着那一盏门灯在迎接我，推开门的时候，这门已经十多年了„„”所以人、地、事、时、物，再加上视线，加上声音，加上色彩，文章就漂亮起来了。小文就是这样在爸爸的启发指导下，积累词汇，不断练习作文的。

同学们，从小文的成绩、成功中，我们可以感悟到，写作需要养成观察、思考生活的良好习惯，并试着表述观察到的东西，按照一定的方法进行训练，使它变成素材在头脑里存起来，那才有收获。席勒指出：“感受能力的培养是时代最急迫的需要，这不仅是因为它是一种改善对人生洞察力的手段，而且因为它本身会唤起洞察力的改善。”

立志读尽人间书

苏轼出身于书香门第。在家庭影响和父母的熏陶下，苏轼自幼聪敏好学。七岁知书，十岁能写文章，常受到亲友们的赞扬。

在赞扬声中，少年苏轼逐渐增长了自满情绪。他想，家里的藏书从先秦诸子百家著作，到西汉诗赋、唐代散文，我全都读过了，可以称得上“才高八斗，学富五车”。有一天，他在书房门口贴上这样一副对联：“识遍天下字，读尽人间书。”

说来也巧，几天后，有位白发苍苍的者人，上门向苏轼求教。老人拿出一本古书请苏轼诵读。苏轼翻开一看，别说从未读过，就是连书上的字竟有许多不认得。苏轼顿觉羞愧难当。他开始重新认识自己，看来真是天外有天，人外有人。自己距离“识遍天下字，读尽人间书”还差得很远。老人走后，苏轼暗下决心，要从头学起，于是便在原来的对联上面各加上两个字，将对联改为：“发愤识遍天下字，立志读尽人间书。”

由于苏轼具有“立志读尽人间书”的宏大志向。学无止境是对一个人用心苦读的最好鞭策，而像苏轼这样孜孜不倦的学习诗文的文学大家而言，读尽人间书的志向仅仅是虚心好学的一个小小写照而已，但是他内心真正的虚心向上的学习精神，却是值得我们永远学习的。

苏轼读书还注重实践。他从南方人天天和水打交道，十几岁就熟悉水性的实例，悟解出实践出真知的道理。为此，他好多的文章，就是通过亲身的经历后有感而发的。他在二十一岁时候就考中了进士。主考官欧阳修读完苏轼的文章后，大为叹服，他给梅尧臣写信说：“不觉汗出，快哉，快哉!老夫当避路，放他出一头地，可喜，可喜!”欧阳修为发现一个杰出的人才而欣喜若狂，同时又感到后生可畏，他想避开，让苏轼出名。宋仁宗读了苏轼的文章，高兴地说：“我今天为子孙又得到一个宰相了。”

苏轼是具有多方面成就的作家。他的散文和诗、词都很有名，在散文方面，他是“唐宋八大家”之一；在词的方面，他和辛弃疾齐名，被称为“豪放派”的代表人物；在书法方面，他自成一派，为世人所推崇。有《经进东坡文集事略》、《苏诗编注集成》、《苏词补注》、《东坡词》和《东坡乐府》等传世。

苏轼多才多艺是北宋文坛领袖之一，他之所以能取得这样的光辉成就，是和他少年时孜孜不倦、刻苦读书分不开的。大凡文学上有成就的人，一生都是与书、读书结下了不解之缘的。同学们，你们都喜欢读书吗？我想你们会的。

莫泊桑写小说

法国作家莫泊桑，年轻时候就开始从事写作，曾写了许多诗歌、小说、散文、剧本。但投寄出去都是石沉大海，杳无音信。多次的失败使莫泊桑对写作丧失了信心。

那时，他正巧认识了舅舅的同窗好友——大文学家福楼拜。福楼拜也很欣赏这个年轻人，决心把自己创作的经验传授给莫泊桑。莫泊桑非常尊重严师的教诲，每星期都要把自己写的习作送给福楼拜审阅。福楼拜一丝不苟地为他修改习作，对莫泊桑的不少作品表示赞赏，但还是劝他：不要急于发表。

福楼拜对莫泊桑的要求非常严格，首先要求他训练敏锐透彻地观察事物的能力。莫泊桑遵从老师教诲，对自己进行长期严格的训练，逐渐养成了善于发现别人没有发现过和没有写过的特点。后来，莫泊桑在谈到作家应该细致、敏锐的观察事物时说：“大家要想写作，必须详细地观察你想要表达的一切东西，时间要长，而且要全神贯注，才能从其中发现至今还没有人看到与说过的那些方面。比如，为了描写烧得很旺的火或平地上的一棵树，我们就需要站在这堆火或这棵树的面前，一直到我们觉得它们不再跟别的火焰和别的树木一样为止。”

福楼拜还建议莫泊桑，做这样的锻炼：骑马出去跑一圈，一两个钟头之后回来，把自己所看到的一切记下来。莫泊桑按照这个办法锻炼自己的观察力有一年之久。此外，福楼拜还让莫泊桑，听街上的马车声来训练观察力。莫泊桑遵照老师的教导，从“抓特点，认真观察”入手，终于写出了有新意，有独特感受的作品。1880年，莫泊桑的作品《羊脂球》发表了，它使莫泊桑一鸣惊人。读者称莫泊桑是文坛上的一颗新星。从此，莫泊桑一跃登上了法国文坛。

我们学习写作，不妨也像莫泊桑那样，多留心观察自己身旁的人或事，景与物。还要进行必要的训练，达到写出富有新意的，有独特感受的文章来。那时，我们一定也会享受到成功的快乐。

欧阳修做文章

欧阳修是宋朝时候杰出的文学家。他从小死了父亲，家里很穷，生活得很苦。母亲不得不带着他离开家乡，去投靠远方的叔叔。

叔叔家里也不富裕。欧阳修到了上学的年龄，连买纸笔的钱也花不起。他的母亲就用芦秆当笔，把沙土铺在地上当纸，教欧阳修认字。欧阳修认字很用心，到了十岁的时候，已经有了自修的能力了。他常到有书的人家去借书读。借来的书要按期归还，他就把书背熟，再还给人家。他订了一个背书计划，每天背三百字。几年以后，就把四书都背熟了。

他的叔父看他这样用功，就把自己用剩下来的纸，装订成本子送给他。他高兴极了，把这些本子一半用来抄书，一半用来学习做文章。那个时候，人们写文章有一种坏风气，只讲究辞句的华丽，不讲究内容。欧阳修觉得这种风气很不好，他想学习写另外一种文章。

有一次，他从一只破书箱里找到了几本旧书，是唐朝文学家韩愈写的。韩愈写的文章不光文字优美，道理也说得很透彻。欧阳修越读越觉得有味道，就把韩愈的文章当作自己学习写文章的榜样，进行学习模仿。

欧阳修写文章非常认真，为了写一篇文章，他常常要读很多书。每一篇文章的初稿写好，他就把它贴在墙上，有空就反复地念，反复地修改，直改到自己认为满意了才行。

他写的《醉翁亭记》，开头一段说明滁州四周围都是山。初稿用了几十个字，写了东面有什么山，西面有什么山，南面有什么山，北面有什么山。可等到最后定稿的时候，只用了五个字：“环滁皆山也”，就把意思表达出来了。

到了晚年，欧阳修也可以说是才华横溢的文学家了，可他写文章还是一字一句地仔细推敲，一点也不马虎。他的妻子既相劝又打趣说：“你已经这么大年纪了，还怕老师骂吗？”欧阳修笑着回答说：“我不是怕老师骂，是怕后来的人笑呀！”

腹有诗书气自华，读书是积累，多读精品文章，在读书中感悟、提高，这是培养语文能力的有效途径。欧阳修这样，我们也需要这样。我们学写作要多读好书，热爱生活，从生活和学习中锻炼出敏锐的感悟能力，尤其注意从阅读中去借鉴作家感悟生活的经验，欧阳修就是以韩愈的文章作为自己写作榜样的，并进行科学的写作训练，认真、一丝不苟的练写，修改，直到晚年还是一样。只有这样，我们也一定会享受到从阅读感悟到作文成功的喜悦的读书是要读出它好处

熊十力(1884——1968)是20世纪中国重要的哲学家。

20世纪40年代，有一个国民党的陆军少将，叫徐复观，听到友人对熊十力的推崇和介绍，又在上司那里看到熊十力的著作《新唯识论》，大为佩服，就写了一封信，表示自己有志于做学问，希望得到他的指教。

熊十力回信，讲了一番治学做人的道理。有一次，徐复观穿着陆军少将的军服，去拜见熊十力，请教应该读什么书。熊十力叫他回去读王船山的《读通鉴论》。

徐复观说早年已经读过了。熊十力很不高兴地说：“你并没有读懂，应当再读。”过了一些日子，徐复观再去，告诉说：“《读通鉴论》读完了。”熊十力问： “有点什么心得？”徐复观觉得自己读得很认真很仔细，不免有些得意，说，书里有很多他不同意的地方，接着就一条一条地说起来。

熊十力越听越不是滋味，还没等他说完，就怒声斥骂起来：“你这个东西，怎么会读得进书！像你这样读书，就是读了百部千部，你会得到书的什么益处?读书是要先看出它的好处，然后再批评它的坏处，这才像吃东西一样，经过消化而摄取了营养。譬如《读通鉴论》，这一段该是多么有意义；那一段理解得多么

深刻。这些你记得吗？你懂得吗？你这样读书，真是太没有出息!”这一顿骂，骂得陆军少将目瞪口呆。

原来，读书是先要读出书的好处!事后，徐复观深情地说：“这对于我是起死回生的一骂。恐怕对于一切聪明自负，并没有走进学问之门的人，都是起死回生的一骂。”

经过这起死回生的一骂，徐复观改变了读书的方法，后来成为一个有名的学者，著书立说，为重新检讨和弘扬中国文化，做了出色的贡献，特别在台湾、香港等地产生了很大的影响。

故事里“读书，是先要读出书的好处”这句话，大家明白了吗？要抱着欣赏的心情，体会美在什么地方。同时，拿到一篇文章，首先就要意识到，我的任务不单是浏览，而是要自觉地从几个方面入手，去深入理解学习，要读有所得。概括起来就是：

一、解决“写了什么”的问题；

二、解决“怎么写”的问题；

三、记忆文章中的精彩语段和词语。这三个方面其实就是：读书要达到动口动脑动手的问题。在一篇文章的学习过程中，能够有意识地去解决好这三个问题，这才是真正的“读”。也只有这样，才可以提高自己的阅读理解能力。

读，也是一个积累语文基础知识和作文素材的手段。涉猎广泛，见多识广，胸中自有“丘壑”。这样，在作文的过程中，就可消除无话可说，写出来的文章也不会空洞干巴，而是洋洋洒洒，言之有物了。

第四篇：小短文

一个独特的男孩子

我的名字叫汤若风。一听这名字，不同的人就有不同的看法：像我爸妈那种酷爱看武侠小说的人，会认为这名字很大侠风范；像我姨妈那种喜欢说成语的人，认为这名字跟“弱不禁风”有联系。但不管怎么说，听这名字就知道我是个男孩子。（由名字猜测个性风采。）

我今年九岁，读小学三年级了。我的模样很普通：圆头圆眼圆肚子，脚已大得超过妈妈了，通常的人都会把我看大两岁以上。（点明身份，略写外貌。）

我的优点是聪明。刚入学时，我就能解答老师出的数学题。每次考试下来，我都能得A。我的缺点大于优点，老师常批评我上课不专心，下课爱打闹，骄傲自满；妈妈总唠叨我学习不自觉，不讲文明。（列举优缺点。）

我的爱好众多，男孩子喜欢的玩电脑、踢球、打架……我一个不落下。

这就是我，一个独特的男孩子。我有信心早日改正自己的缺点，长大自己的优点，做一个超人！（结尾点题，畅想明天更美好。）

点评：这篇习作的开头从名字写起，点出不同的人对名字的不同看法。小作者没有具体描写自己的外貌，但是抓住了一个“大”字来选择材料，这样也比较生动。紧接着介绍了自己的优点和缺点，一笔勾出了自己的爱好之多，最后来了个画龙点睛式的结尾。

瞧，这假小子

瞧，镜子里，一个活泼的小女孩呈现在眼前了，她中等个儿，不胖不瘦的身材，一张长圆脸上，嵌着一双小眼睛，她留着稍有些发黄的短发，不是那么漂亮。你猜到她了吧！哈，远在天边，近在眼前，她就是我──王小琳。（外貌描写比较细致。）

我是个开朗的女孩子，什么事都一笑了之，同时，我的性格酷似男孩，喜欢跟男孩子打成一片，因此，别人叫我“假小子”“花木兰”等。不仅如此，我的爱好也相似于男孩，比如打篮球、踢足球、玩电脑、看漫画书等等。在我身上发生的许多事情都非常有趣。虽然有趣，但有时也使我很尴尬。（性格开朗，酷似男孩，有喜有忧。）

我不喜欢穿女孩衣服，尤其是裙子。一天，我穿了件白衬衣，一条蓝牛仔裤，在小区的院子里散步，欣赏喷泉，正在我看得入神的时候，一个童稚的声音传进我的耳朵：“大哥哥，请问3号楼在哪里呀？”我以为她在叫别人，可是她拽了拽我的衣角说：“大哥哥，你知不知道3号楼在哪？”我转过头，眼睛注视着她，脸一阵红，一阵青，一阵白，既惊讶又气愤还好笑，我慌忙给她指了3号楼的方向，撒腿跑开了。当时，我真是不知所措，特别的尴尬。你说，是不是很好笑呀？！（不喜欢穿女孩衣服，却带来了尴尬。）

喏，这就是我，一个活泼开朗的女孩，一个具有男孩性格的女孩儿。（结尾点明主题。）

点评：小作者在习作中集中介绍了自己的性格特点，自己是“一个活泼开朗”“具有男孩性格的女孩。”在介绍自己的特点时，小作者选择了自己的爱好、穿着的实例来表现自己“假小子”的特质，习作语言活泼，读后对这个“假小子”确实留下深深的印象。

你是谁？

“你是谁？夏天像个非洲人，挺坚强的，最能忍，什么都不怕。”（点出性格特征。）

“别夸我了，我可是个白字先生哟！只知道几个简单的字怎么写。”

“不要谦虚了，不会写字没关系，你有嘴巴、有头脑呀！睢，你不管到哪里都可以吟上几句千古绝句；作文两次上书，现在还有一篇文章等着发表呢。”

“本来我的作文是可以多上好书的，就因为老师看不懂我写的字而理解错了我精妙的思想，才没上好书……”（能说会写是优点，只因错别字让作文受牵连。）

“我们不要说写字了，你不还是个笛子高手吗？你吹出的笛声那么悠扬，颤音、长音、短音……简直什么音都吹得好。”（会吹笛子添信心。）

“谢谢你，给了我信心！”

点评：瞧，小作者竟使用第二人称，采用对话的形式来介绍自己的特点，这样的写法可真大胆呀！敢于创新，真棒！读完习作，我们看出了小作者具有坚强的个性，作文写得好，还会吹笛子呢。

我的自画像

我，已是三年级的学生了。不过我才八岁，一米三的个子，短短的头发，胖胖的耳朵。一张白里透红的脸上，一双圆溜溜的大眼睛，显得无比精神，小小的鼻子（可惜有点塌）下面，有着一张樱桃小嘴。（点明身份，刻画外貌。）

我的脾气与众不同。高兴时，我会很温柔；可我要是生起气来，把脚一跺，两手往腰上一叉，还真像个“骄傲的公主”呢。我还有个特点──嗓门大，吼起人来如爆竹筒子。为这，妈妈不知批评过我多少次了。（与众不同的脾气）

我的爱好很广，电子琴、唱歌、跳舞、绘画等方面我都能露一手。上周的班队课上，我边唱边跳，出色的表演，赢得了在场老师和同学们的一致好评。在去年“庆六一”系列活动中，我的电子琴演奏还获得了县一等奖呢。我特别喜欢英语，每当看到电视里的大学生用英语和外国人谈话时，我羡慕极了。所以，这学期开始学英语以来，我非常认真。我想长大后用英语同外商谈生意呢。（爱好很广，特别喜欢英语。）

别看我才八岁，我还是妈妈的小帮手呢。我把自己的房间收拾得美丽整洁，从不要妈妈插手；吃完饭，我总是主动帮忙收拾餐具。每次，妈妈总竖起大拇指对我说：“我的玲儿长大了。”（妈妈的小帮手。）

我这个人嘛，还有点儿缺点，就是做事太马虎，喜欢躺在床上看书。（列举缺点。）

这就是我的自画像，你们对我有好感吗？希望我们能成为好朋友。（结尾点题，期盼交友。）点评：习作以充满稚气的语言介绍了自己的年龄、相貌、脾气、爱好和自己的缺点。“八岁上三年级”“爱好很广”“帮妈妈干活”虽然写得简略，却让我们感到了小主人公的可爱。写人时比喻的运用，使文章更加生动了。

人小志气高

缺点不少，贪玩、天天接嘴、偶尔发脾气，脸皮厚、打“雷”不听、下“雨”才怕。优点不多，聪明算一条。用家长的话总评：不是完人，而是“玩”人。

知道我为什么要叫雷雨吗？因为，我在家里初一心情不好要“打打雷”，十五考试不好又要“打打雷”（也就是拍拍桌椅板凳……制造点表示生气的音响）。但我怎么也不敢下雨，因为我的雨怎么也淋不灭爸妈的熊熊烈火。

我是一个男子汉，在镜子前叉腰一站，野气中带点清秀：眉毛又浓又粗，活像抹上的两撇墨汁，一双老鼠耳让我的听觉灵敏了几分，脸被太阳晒得紫红发亮。我十分喜欢看书，也许因为看书的姿势不够正确，所以在眼睛前又挂了一双“眼睛”。

那就是我镜子里有一个小男孩，长着高高的个子，圆圆的脸蛋，大大的耳朵，白白的皮肤，还有一双闪着金光会说话的小眼睛。

他是个小书迷，最爱看那些《故事大王》、少年科技读物等。拿起来就不肯放下，有时连吃饭都忘了。他还常常会被书中的人物或情节所感动呢。

可是，他在班级里的学习不怎么样。因为他有一个坏毛病——粗心大意，每次考试很多题明明都是会做的，可是因为马虎，得不到满分，不过他现在痛下决心要改掉这个坏毛病。

小朋友，你知道这个小男孩是谁吗？告诉你吧，那就是我。

第五篇：小短文

武术

武术在我国源远流长，是中华民族传统文化的瑰宝。为了更好地推广武术运动，使其与奥运项目接轨，中国武协和国际武联做了大量艰苦卓绝的工作。现在武术运动已被列为一种与保龄球和国际标准舞有同行地位的奥运表演项目。武术的蓬勃发展，除得益于其自身的吸引力之外，早期移居海外的一代武术 大师功不可没。老一代武术家在海外播种下了武术的种子，使武术这门既可以自卫又可以健身的运动很快就在新的地土上扎下了根。今天高超的武术大师遍布世界各地，武术爱好者也与日俱增。

汉语

汉语常被认为是一种非常古老的语言。人类所有的语言都可追溯到朦胧的史前时期。5000年前华夏祖先说汉语的方法同说英语人士说英语的方式大致相似。然而，汉语确实也是一种很古老的语言。今天所存留下来的最早的汉字已有近4000年的历史。这些文字均为甲骨雕文。大部分铭文为神谕圣旨，内容大都与政治事件和宗教活动有关，有些则是关于天气和战争的记录。汉语有丰富的古代文字作品，源远流长，远非其他一种语言的文字可与之媲美。一些最古老的文字属形象文字。

比萨饼

比萨饼也许是当今世界上最知名的食品了。它的演变与发展历经了好几个世纪。比萨饼的雏形就是一般的面包。作为穷人最常吃的食物之一，面包在历史上占有重要的地位，因为过去他们只能以谷物和大自然馈赠的几种农作物为生。他们发挥想像力尽可能将其制成可口的东西。大麦是做面包最常用的原料，最早的比萨状面包也是用它制作的。人们将大麦碾成粉，和上水，在薄薄的平底锅上摊平，然后用烧红的石头烧烤。后来，小麦粉替代了其他谷物，成为比萨饼的标准原料。经历了几个世纪，比萨饼逐渐发展成为我们现在熟知的样子。

电器发展

我们不必走出家门去看有什么变化。当今美国家庭的娱乐方式是克立弗家无从想像的。30年前，家家户户每天晚上围坐着听收音机。后来电视机取而代之。大多数家庭只有一台电视机，全家人一起收看。如今，电视机和电脑将多得令人目眩的娱乐活动带入家庭。有线电视播出的节目从有氧操到莎士比亚戏剧无所不有，录像机更是扩大了选择性。要是网络电视或有线电视没有中意的节目，录像制品商店可提供好莱坞制作的品质迥异的各种节目：新近发行的电影、动画片、成人电影、体育锻炼节目、旅游、运动以及入门指南录像带。让收看人参与其中的电脑游戏也是提供了相当的刺激。游戏者能在奥运会上施展身手，寻找外星人，或者在小小的屏幕上摧毁整个文明国家。

冰箱

冰箱被看成是必需品。从20世纪60年代就是这样了，那时包装好的食品上首次出现了“存放于冰箱”的标签。

我的童年是没有冰箱的，50年代，我吃得既好又健康。牛奶工人每天都来，杂货商、肉商、面包师和卖冰激凌的人每周来两到三次。星期天的肉可吃到星期三，剩下的面包和牛奶变成了各种各样的蛋糕。什么也没有浪费。我们也从不为腐烂的食品发愁。送食物上门已经停了30年，全国几乎都找不到新鲜蔬菜了。冰箱的发明对食物的保存工艺帮助很小。早已经有许多屡经试验的储存技术了——自然冷却、风干、熏制、盐腌、糖渍、瓶装。

地震

1994年洛杉矶发生了强烈地震之后，地震学家报告了一个可喜的消息：死伤人数本来会很高，而实际上却相对较少。

在这场地震中死了60多人，相比之下，1988年美国那一次强度相当的地震中竟有25000人丧生。

在洛杉矶地震中，死伤人数之所以相对较小，是因为这场地震发生在一个假日的凌晨4点31分，当时城里的公路上车辆不多。此外，在过去的20年中，对洛杉矶的建设规定所作的修改，加固了该城市的建筑和公路，使它们的抗震能力提高了。

尽管有这些好消息，城建工程师并没有安于成果，止步不前。他们的绘图板上正钉着提高搞震能力的建筑物蓝图。新的设计要能给常常发生地震的城市提供更大的安全保障。

水资源

在全世界可利用的水中，人类使用的还略少于一半。可是，缺水和旱灾多次发生，导致某些地区的饥荒和贫困，而工业、农业废渣、废水还在污染着水源。由于世界人口预期在未来50年内会翻一翻，许多专家认为，我们已处于广为扩散的淡水危机边缘。·

但是其结果未必就是如此。要是我们从现在开始，比过去更为珍惜水资源，则世界不一定会为缺水所困扰。正如在20世纪70年代石油危机之后我们更为珍惜石油一样，我们现在也必须以新的经济视角来看待水了。我们再也没有足够的水，能让我们认为水本来就是一种免费的资源，我们想用多少就用多少，想怎样用就怎样用了。

大学

我知道我最终会令我父母开心。他们两人都是大学毕业生，因此也希望我能成为他们中的一员。多年来他们一直向我灌输大学文凭比高中毕业证具有更大的优势。我至今仍能听到妈妈这样劝说我：“去上大学拿个学位吧。你现在需要一个学位。以后你会为此感到骄傲。”他们一直这么劝说，但并不强迫我。同时，如果我有意愿，他们也愿意让我自己去想清楚。

我回到学校的另一个原因是为了我自己。我希望在我展望未来的时候，自己更自信、更乐观。我曾亲眼目睹我的父母在抚养6个孩子的同时为获取文凭而努力奋斗，也见证了他们通过努力，大大改善了我们家的生活。我如今他们起步时更年轻，也无后顾之忧，因此，我应该好好利用现在的时光去创造更加美好的生活。

教书

我告诉一位朋友我不想谋求行政职务时，他向我提出这样一个问题：你为什么要教书呢？美国人受的教育是长大成人后应该去追求金钱和权力，而我却偏偏不朝这个方向“发展”，这使他大惑不解。

当然，我之所以教书并不是因为做教师轻松。为了谋生，我做过各种各校的工作：机修工、木工、作家，可教书是最难的行业。就我而言，教书是个令人熬红眼睛、手掌出汗、精神沮丧的职业。说它是熬红眼睛的职业，是因为我晚上无论备课到多晚，总觉得准备的不够充分;说它是令人手掌出汗的职业，是因为我进教室前总是紧张不已，认为学生会发现我原来是个笨蛋；说它是令人精神沮丧的职业，是因为我走出教室一小时后，仍觉得这堂课上得比平常还要平淡无味。

退休

很多老年人并不享受65岁之后的生活。停止工作后他们觉得自己毫无贡献，生活也失去了意义。此外，远离家人和以前工作的同事也让他们觉得孤单。年纪渐长，他们越来越担心自己的健康，居住在大城市的老年人还很担心自己的安全问题。不过，也有一些老年人很享受这种生活，以前因为要工作养家没有时间做的事情现在可以做了，有足够的时间去发展自己的爱好，还可以锻炼身体和旅游。他们会和其他兴趣相投，也同样自由的老人来往。有些人过了退休年龄还继续工作，很多人都在退休之后找到了新的事业发展机会。

电脑网络

有了电脑网络，我们可以通过电子邮件与世界各地的人自由交流。花上几秒钟可以收发信息，比常规邮件所需的成本要少得多。通过互联网还可以获取大量信息，只要双击鼠标，就会打开一个崭新的奇妙世界。但是，如果操作不当，电脑网络也会带来很多问题。有时候我们不得不花费大量时间清理堆塞在邮箱中的垃圾，一旦系统的日常运作因病毒袭击而中断，就有可能泄露或丢失有价值的信息。因此，网络安全成了公众日益关注的问题。

男女平等

妇女运动结束后，越来越多的女性走出家庭、步入职场，而男生在家庭内部则越来越活跃，开始照顾小孩和分担家务。除了家庭内部的这些改变，一些过去普遍认为只有女性才会担任的工作，现在也有男性担任。男护士和男性幼儿教师数量渐增。男性在职场上的女同事和女老板比以前多，他们也不得不适应女性与男性迥然不同的沟通和管理方式。无论在工作中还是在家里，现代北美社会的男性与他们父辈所担任的角色已大大不同。

模拟