北京故宫英文导游词八篇

第一篇：北京故宫英文导游词八篇

故宫为我国明清二朝的皇宫，也是现存最大、最完整的古建筑群。下面是小编收集整理的北京故宫英文导游词八篇，希望对您有所帮助！

Article One: the tour guide words in the Imperial Palace, Beijing

Ladies and gentlemen, children: Hello, everybody!Welcome to the Imperial Palace.I'm glad to be able to serve you today.I'm the guide Li Dong, and everyone calls me Xiao Li.The Imperial Palace is the largest royal garden Museum in China.I am very happy to have the opportunity to accompany you to enjoy its beautiful architectural art and spend this wonderful time together.The the Imperial Palace Museum, also known as the Forbidden City, is located in the center of Beijing.Today, it is called the Imperial Palace.It is unique, exquisitely carved, ancient architectural masterpiece in China.Tourists, now we have come to the hall of Taihe.The Imperial Palace is the three main hall of the temple, built in the 5 meter high white marble platform, the platform is surrounded by carved dragon pillars.Approached the Taihe palace, you will find the Queen's place of residence, there are dragon, golden dragon throne and Lek powder column.Tourists, we continue to go forward, now come to Zhonghe hall, Zhonghe hall in the temple of Taihe, is one of the three main hall of the Imperial Palace.The hall is a square hall with a single spires.Yellow glazed tiles four corners to save the top, is the place of the royal life.Then go inside is then, Paul hall and hall is located, is the the Imperial Palace Hall three tail.There are things on both sides of the house for the art history museum, on display from the primitive society to the Qing Dynasty six thousand years of Chinese art treasures.It goes to the depth of the Imperial Garden.It covers an area of eleven thousand square meters.It centers on the palace of Qinan.It is the back garden of the emperor.Ladies and gentlemen, our tour of today is about to end.It's a great pleasure to spend this wonderful time with you.If I have any suggestion or request for my tour guide today, please put forward some valuable advice and I will try my best to correct it.I wish you all a good time.Thank you

Article two: the tour guide words in the Imperial Palace, Beijing

Dear visitors:

Hello everyone！I'm your guide.My name is Xu Ying, and I'll call me a little bit.Now I will lead you to visit the Imperial Palace and appreciate the cultural heritage of our country.The Imperial Palace is the imperial palace of two dynasties in Ming and Qing Dynasty in China, and it is also the largest and most complete ancient building group in existence.So we should not throw rubbish or touch things when we visit, so that we can enjoy the the Imperial Palace with a historic atmosphere.(reminding the places that visitors should pay attention to)

Entering the gate of the temple of Taihe, it is a magnificent palace that shows in front of you.The largest wooden building in front of the building, it is very striking, that is the temple of Taihe.It is the symbol of the imperial power, and whenever there is a great event, the emperor holds it here.Behind a row of beautiful decoration embarrassing palace and temple, there are.(in accordance with the order of sightseeing)

After swimming the splendid hall of Taihe, we can walk north, and we can feel the breath of life here.All the living things here are first class at that time, and the outdoors in the back of the palace are the Imperial Garden.Its pattern and layout are compact, antique and ornament with flowers and trees.The pavilions, terraces and open halls.It is a good place to be elegant and enjoyable.All along, the east of the Imperial Palace towers and other three towers from afar.Their peculiar shape, and form a perfect exquisite beyond compare, pictures of the surrounding environment.How many working people's sweaty and wisdom has been condensed by this magnificent project!In fact, the Imperial Palace was successful in December 1987, and since then it has become a tourist attraction of cultural heritage.This is the end of this journey, and I wish you all a good time.Thank you

Article three: the tour guide words in the Imperial Palace, Beijing

Hello everyone！I am this tour guide, you can call me Xiao Wang.For a moment, we will go to the famous, and is known as the world's top five of the first temple of the the Imperial Palace in Beijing.Attention, everyone, if you do not want to let the garbage around the Imperial Palace, then don't litter.Children with children also have to take care of their children.First of all, I would like to give you a brief introduction of its history: the the Imperial Palace in Beijing, also known as the Forbidden City.Today, people call it the Imperial Palace, which means the Imperial Palace in the past, and it is the largest and most complete ancient architecture in the world.The area of the Imperial Palace is about 723600 square meters.It is said that there are 9999 rooms in the Imperial Palace.The Imperial Palace palace building is uniform wooden structure, yellow glazed and green Whitehead base and beautiful decoration painting.Come and see the temple.It is 27 meters high and is paved on the ground with brick.The four corners of the roof are shining yellow glazed tiles on the roof, which is solemn and sacred.Is the central and temple placed all the supplies for the buddha.But no one knows, this is only a place where the emperor stopped at the temple of Taihe.Imperial Garden is also beautiful.There are not only green and high pine and cypress in the garden, but also a lot of precious flowers and trees.A famous building with 20 superfluous places.The and named Chunting million century Pavilion Pavilion, the pavilion can be said today to save the most magnificent Pavilion.Today, though we can't visit more beautiful scenery of the Imperial Palace because of the time relationship, we believe you have seen a lot, learned a lot and enjoyed this tour.I wish you a pleasant journey home!Good health！Next time to visit Beijing, please remember to contact Xiao Wang, and then spend a pleasant time with you.Article four: the tour guide words in the Imperial Palace, Beijing

Good visitors, everyone!I am honored to be your guide.Today, I will lead you to tour the Imperial Palace together.The Imperial Palace, also called the Forbidden City, is the largest and most complete ancient architectural group in the world.It is incomparable, was founded in 1406 four years Le Yongming, and took fourteen years to complete.The Imperial Palace is called the Forbidden City, it is because the “purple” is the Imperial Palace, the monarch should of course be involved with purple words.“No” means was heavily guarded, don't say is the ordinary people, even the emperor summoned officials not official nor secretly into the city, otherwise it will provoke fatal disaster, the Royal is forbidden, so also known as the Forbidden City, is located in the north of Tiananmen.Now, in front of us is the temple of Taihe.The temple of Taihe has several entrance and exit.The balustrade on the staircase engraved beautifully.Come to the hall of Taihe, look up, and the hall of Taihe is like a giant giant.Taihe hall is 35 and 05 meters high, with an area of 2377 square meters, with a total of 55 rooms and 72 large columns.It is the tallest building in the Imperial Palace.The temple of Taihe is like the fairy temple in the mythology.It is magnificent and beautiful.It is the place where the emperor held the grand ceremony.It's located in the throne two metres high, dragon column has six Lek powder around the gold throne.Have a different attitude and beautiful shape, and exquisite crane stove Ding front, rear and carved screens.The decoration of the whole hall is splendid and magnificent, and the beauty of the hall of Taihe is exclaimed.Today's trip is here.I hope this trip will bring you joy, thank you.Article five: the tour guide words in the Imperial Palace, Beijing

Hello, all of you, welcome to the the Imperial Palace in Beijing.I'll give you a brief introduction to the scenic spots here today.Please follow my footsteps.We are in front of the famous the Imperial Palace Museum.Well, stepped into the gate, a templethe Imperial Palace.Please get off and visit.Look, how magnificent the the Imperial Palace is!It is a grand palace built by 230 thousand migrant workers and military workers after 14 years.It is the earliest palace in the East with 9999 rooms.It is the largest palace group in the world.The area where the palace is located is called imperial city.It's 2500 meters wide.2700 meters long from north to south, the imperial city by tall and sturdy Chengzhuan brick, surrounded by a door--door: East Donghua;West Xi'an;SouthTiananmen.The Imperial Palace(included in the Beihai, the sea, the South China Sea).The top of the altar and the temple, built by the royal temple and other buildings.It's very spectacular.Miyagi is called the Forbidden City.In the Imperial City, the north and the south are about 960, rice, about 760 meters, and the rectangular plane.The palace is surrounded by brick walls, corners and a beautiful wall is surrounded by open towers.Donghua east gate;West Xihua;Northshenwumen.The Meridian Gate built in the city high Jun magnificent, here is the Meridian Gate, the weather is mighty guarded, Ban Zhao place.The Forbidden City, and the extension part roughly in two areas.North Korea is the emperor in his place, have after harmony.The three big hall.Each building in the white marble platform, as can be imagined, how precious ah!

The northern part of the whole palace is the Royal Garden-Summer Palace.There are the hall of Chin an in the garden.There are a variety of flowers, green pines and verdant cypresses, Guaidan Fu Li, water beads in the the Imperial Palace is the most warm place.The beautiful scenery of the Imperial Palace is great!I say I can't say it, or please do your own sightseeing.Article seven: the tour guide words in the Imperial Palace, Beijing

Hello everyone！My name is Shen Lei.It's your tour guide.You can call me Shen guide.First of all, I wish you a pleasant trip.When you get off, please take care of the stairs.Let me introduce the the Imperial Palace to you.The the Imperial Palace in Beijing, also known as the Forbidden City, is located in the center of Beijing.Today it is called the the Imperial Palace, which means the palace of the past.It is the Ming Dynasty emperor Yongle mobilized countless skilled craftsmen, magnificent buildings built in 14 years.The the Imperial Palace covers an area of 720 thousand square meters, with a total of more than 9000 houses.It is the largest and most well preserved ancient imperial palace in the world.The palace along a north-south axis arranged, symmetrical, neat layout.The Imperial Palace is also the 4 door, a Front Gate Meridian Gate, Donghua gate, east gate of Simon Xihua door, the north gate Shenwu gate.In the most notable is the three seat hall: the hall of Supreme Harmony, and hall and Paul hall, I also not described in detail later, you can have a free tour.Around the three main hall, we went to the latter part of the the Imperial Palace, the palace of Heavenly Purity, Thai Temple and the lamps as the center, there are six things on both sides of the East and West six palace palace, is mainly the emperors and empresses lived.And the outer court building magnificent, Neiting very rich flavor of life.Which is used to the emperor's palace, the Queen's palace in the Ming Dynasty is the palace of earthly tranquility.We walked to the palace of earthly tranquility, behind the Imperial Garden, here is for the emperor and empresses rest, play place, there are towering pine and cypress, precious flowers and exquisite rocks.Well, I introduced here is over, you can visit 17:30, after collection from the east gate of Donghua out of the door.Please don't litter in the park, free writing, I wish you a pleasant journey!

Article eight: the tour guide words in the Imperial Palace, Beijing

Dear friends, today I am going to show you the most complete and most beautiful palace in ancient China, &mdash, &mdash and the Imperial Palace.Before I have a formal visit, I'll give you a brief introduction to the tour guide.The the Imperial Palace, also known as the Forbidden City, is the palace of the 24 emperors of the two dynasties of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in China.It is located at the center of the central axis of Beijing.It covers an area of about 720 thousand square meters.It is the largest palace building of the existing scale.The Forbidden City the present temple has 2631, one of the most famous buildings after harmony, Wenhuage, Wuhan Yingge etc..The the Imperial Palace of Beijing is the key cultural relic protection unit in China, and is also a national 5A scenic area.It is also selected and selected “the world cultural heritage list”.It can be seen that the historical value and cultural significance of the the Imperial Palace Museum.Listen to my simple introduction through the guide words, I think you have a simple understanding of the the Imperial Palace.Love at the palace drama friends expect very much, want to see the queen, concubines living place, but I have to tell you that the drama shooting palace is not the Imperial Palace, but specifically for the filming of the building modeled on the the Imperial Palace.Therefore, there are many houses in the Imperial Palace that cannot be entered, but only far away.We hope you will strictly abide by the requirements, so as not to damage the historical relics.At the same time, I hope you do civilized passengers, no littering, no graffiti, with the hope that we.After listening to the the Imperial Palace tour guide, I think you can't wait.Now we are going to have a tour.Please follow my footsteps to uncover the mysterious veil of the Imperial Palace.

第二篇：北京故宫英文导游词

北京故宫

女士们、先生们，欢迎大家来到北京，北京是中国的首都，也是我国的四大古都之一。2008年奥运会的成功举办更使这座古老的城市为许多外国朋友所熟知。大家稍作休息，请允许我自我介绍一下。我是大家北京之行的地接导游员我的名字叫温辉辉，那在我身边的这位是我们的司机张师傅。我们将会竭尽全力为大家提供最优质的服务。像我一样热情好客的北京人将以他们最热情的方式欢迎世界各地发朋友来到北京。在北京期间我们将游览故宫、长城、颐和园等景点。希望古老而又时尚的北京会给大家留下一段美好的回忆。

在北京我们游览的第一个景点就是故宫。提起故宫大家首先会想到它是中国皇帝居住过的地方。但故宫的价值可不仅仅在于此。它更是我们中国历史、中国文化以及中国建筑的一个缩影。

故宫位于北京城的中心，是明清两朝的皇宫。它是世界上显存最大、最完整的宫殿建筑群。至今约有六百年的历史，先后有24位皇帝在这里统治全国近500年。故宫又名紫禁城，那是因为在封建社会皇帝拥有最高的权利因此这个地方是禁止一般人进出。紫色是象征这北极星的颜色，这被认为是宇宙的中心 所以又名紫禁城。

紫禁城的建筑布局是对称的分为前朝和内廷。前朝以太和、中和、保和三大殿为主体是举行大殿、朝贺、筵宴行使权力的地方。其中太和殿是故宫中规模最大等级最高的建筑。皇帝登基及册立皇后等重大仪式都在此举行。内廷以乾清宫、交太殿和坤宁宫为主体，是皇帝的寝宫和处理日常政务的地方。坤宁宫以北是御花园，是皇帝及其家人游玩的地方。

新中国成立以来，故宫得到良好的维护。1961年，故宫被入世界文化遗产名录。如今的故宫已是中国最大文化珍藏品博物馆，收藏着几百万件珍贵文物。

现在我要问大家一个问题，故宫的房间是九千九百九十九间半吗? 传说天宫的房间是一万间，人间的皇帝作为天帝的儿子，皇宫自然不能超过天宫，于是故宫便造了九千九百九十九间半。其实古代建筑是以“四柱一间”为标准的。经过古建筑专家实地调查统计，故宫所有的房间数量是8707，并非传说所言。

俗话说百闻不如一见，带着您满心的好奇让我们走进故宫，让我们感悟中国文化感受中国帝王的兴衰历史。

Ladies and Gentlemen，Welcome to Beijing.Beijing is the capital of China as well as one of the four ancient capitals in china.Many foreign friends known Beijing because of the the success of the Olympic Games.Please sit back and relax.Iam your local guide for your Beijing tour ,you can call me Amry.This is our driver Mr.Zhang.We will make every effort to provide the best quality service.Like me, Beijingers are always ready to welcome friends from all over the world with their most hospitality.During you Beijing tour we will visit the Forbidden City、Great Wall、Summer Palace and other attractions.I hope that the old as well as fashion Beijing will leave you a good memory.The first attraction of our tour in Beijing is the Forbidden City.The first thing people would think of when talking about the Forbidden City is it the place where Chinese emperors used to live and hold their courts..But the value of the Forbidden City is not limited to this.It is a microcosm of Chinese history, Chinese culture and Chinese architecture.The Forbidden City is located in center oBeijing.It was imperial palace of both Ming and Qing dynasties.With a history of over 600 years, it is the largest and most complete palace complex that still exists in the world.24 emperors had rule the empir from here for more than 500 years.Forbidden City is also called Purple Forbidden City.In the feudal['fju:dl]封建时代的 society ,emperors had supreme至高的 power , so this residence was certainly a forbidden place.Purple was the symbolic[sim'b?lik] 象征color of the North Star which was believed to be the center of the cosmos宇宙.So it got the name of Purple Forbidden City.The building arrangement within the Forbidden City is symmetrical对称的.And it is divided into two parts :the outer court and the inner court.The former is the place where emperors handled courts事物 and held different ceremonies仪式.It consists of Taihe ,Zhonghe and Baohe Halls.Taihe hall is the largest hall within the Forbidden City.It was the location where Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty Emperors hosted their enthronement and wedding ceremonies.The inner court consists of Qianqing, Jiaotai and Kunming Halls where the emperor lived and handled day-to-day work.The lmperial Garden lies on north of the Kunming Hall.It looks like a natural picture.This is the place where the emperor and his family play.Since the founding of new China, the Forbidden City has been well maintained.It was made part of the world cultural heritage list in 1987.Tody as the largest museum of cultural relics in China, it collected and displayed one million precious relics.Now I want to ask you a question.How many houses are there in the Forbidden City? It was said that there were 10000 rooms in the complex of the Heaven Palace.As the son of the heaven , emperor had to build only 9999.5 rooms.Actually ,there are only 8707 rooms in the Forbidden City.As The saying goes, seeing is believing.With curiosity, let's walk into the Forbidden City.Let's appreciate Chinese culture and feel the history of the rise and fall of the Chinese emperors.

第三篇：北京故宫和天坛英文导游词

FORBIDDEN CITY(紫禁城)

(In front of the meridian gate)

Ladies and Gentlemen:

I am pleased to serve as your guide today.This is the palace museum;also know as the Purple Forbidden City.It is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in China today.Under Ming Emperor Yongle, construction began in 1406.It took 14years to build the Forbidden City.The first ruler who actually lived here was Ming Emperor Zhudi.For five centuries thereafter, it continued to be the residence of23 successive emperors until 1911 when Qing Emperor Puyi was forced to abdicate the throne.In 1987, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization recognized the Forbidden City was a world cultural legacy.It is believed that the Palace Museum, or Zi Jin Cheng(Purple Forbidden City), got its name from astronomy folklore, The ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the Ziwei Yuan(North Star).The constellation containing the North Star was called the Constellation of Heavenly God and star itself was called the purple palace.Because the emperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods, his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence.In folklore, the term “an eastern purple cloud is drifting” became a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher, LaoZi, to the Hanghu Pass.Here, purple is associated with auspicious developments.The word jin(forbidden)is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary people.The red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic.Red represents happiness, good fortune and wealth.Yellow is the color of the earth on the Loess Plateau, the original home of the Chinese people.Yellow became an imperial color during the Tang dynasty, when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture.The Forbidden City is rectangular in shape.It is 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meter wide from east west.It has 9,900 rooms under a total roof area 150,000 square meters.A 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a 9.9-meter—high wall which encloses the complex.Octagon —shaped turrets rest on the four corners of the wall.There are four entrances into the city: the Meridian Gate to the south, the Shenwu Gate(Gate of Military Prowess)to the north, and the Xihua Gate(Gate of military Prowess)to the north, and the Xihua Gate(Western Flowery Gate)to the west, the Donghua(Eastern Flowery Gate)to the east.Manpower and materials throughout the country were used to build the Forbidden City.A total of 230,000 artisans and one million laborers were employed.Marble was quarried from fangshan Country Mount Pan in Jixian County in Hebei Province.Granite was quarried in Quyang County in Hebei Province.Paving blocks were fired in kilns in Suzhou in southern China.Bricks and scarlet pigmentation used on the palatial walls came from linqing in Shandong Province.Timber was cut, processed and hauled from the northwestern and southern regions.(Inside the South Gate of the Temple of Heaven)Ladies and Gentlemen: Welcome to the temple of Heaven.(After self-introduction)preserved cultural heritages of China.There are basically two kinds of visitors who come here: local pensioners who do exercises here in the morning and evening and sightseers both from home and abroad.All in all, there are 12 million visitors very year.Now we are going to go along the route that leads to the alter.It will take roughly one hour.Mind you, the emperor also walked along this route to pay tribute to the God of Heaven.(Along the Southern Sacred Road leading to the Circular Mound Altar)The largest group of architectures ever to be dedicated to Heaven, the Temple of Heaven served as an exclusive altar for Chinese monarchs during the Ming and Qing dynasties.It was decreed that rulers of successive dynasties would place altars in their own capitals to worship Heaven and pray for good harvest.But why? The ancient Chinese believed that Heaven was the supreme ruler of the universe and the fate of mankind, and thus worshiping rites dedicated to Heaven came into being.The Heaven the ancient Chinese referred to was actually the Universe, or nature.In those days, there were specific rites of worship.This was especially true during the Ming and Qing dynasties when elaborate ceremonies were held.The Temple of Heaven was built in 1420 during the reign of Emperor Yongle of the Ming Dynasty.Situated in the southern part of the city, this grand set of structures covers an area of 273 hectares.To better symbolize heaven and earth, the northern part of the Temple is circular while the southern part is square.The whole compound is enclosed by two walls, a square wall outside a round one.The outer area is characterized by suburban scenery, while the inner part is used for sacrifices.The inner enclosure consists of the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest and the Circular Mound Altar.(Along the Imperial Passage leading from the Southern Lattice Star Gate in front of the Circular Mound Altar)The Circular Mound Altar is enclosed by two walls, each containing four groups of Southern Lattice Star Gate, each in turn consisting of three doors, with 24 marble doors altogether.Standing on the passage facing north, you will notice that with each pair of doors on is narrower than the other.This reflects the feudal hierarchy: the wider door was reserved for monarchs, while the narrower one was used by courtiers.On the day of the ceremony, the emperor would don his ritual costume and be ushered in by the official in charge of religious affairs.He ascended the three terraces in the forefront to pay tribute at the alter.(Atop the Circular Mound Alter)we are now on the top terrace of the Altar, or the third terrace.Each terrace has a flight of 9 steps.At the center of this terrace lies a round stone surrounded by 9 steps.At the center of this terrace lies a round stone surrounded by 9 concentric rings of stone.The number of stones in the first ring is 9, in the second, 18, up to 81 in the 9th ring.Even the number of carved balustrades on these terraces is a multiple of 9.But why?

第四篇：北京-故宫英文导游词必备学习

美式论文、报告写作技巧

编者按：美式教育的特点即是课程内容强调学生参与及创新运用，因此，报告便成了常见的考核学生学习成果的方式，比如实验报告、学期报告、专题报告、研究报告及论文（含毕业论文）等。研究生presentation 及 seminar 的机会更是占很大的比重，有些甚至占学期成绩很大比例。如何完成报告、论文同时得到良好的成绩，是本文提供给有志留学的有心人参考的目的。

美国大学生由於自小已养成自动寻找答案习惯，在启发式的教育环境下，写报告、论文对他们来说比较不陌生，虽然专业知识上美国学生不见得比外籍学生强，但是表达能力由於自小培养，加上英语能力的优势，常比外籍学生在报告、论文方面有较隹的利基。反之中国学生比较缺乏报告写作的训练，因此如果在留学过程中无法适应美式教育会比较辛苦，其实论文、报告的写作要领其实不难，只要把握技巧就可水到渠成。

通常论文由篇首(Preliminaries)，本文(Texts)以及参考资料(References)三部分构成；而这三大部分各自内容如下：

(一)篇首：

封面(Title)序言(Preface)

谢词(Acknowledge)提要(Summary)

目录(Tables and Appendixes)

(二)本文：

引言(Introduction)

主体，含篇(Part)、章(Chapter)、节(Section)、以及注释(Footnotes)

(三)参考资料：

参考书目(References or Bibliography)

附录资料(Appendix)。

进行论文或报告写作之前，先要确定想要表达的主题，主题确定后，将其具体表达，即为题目。题目可以提供研究者：

一.研究的方向

二.研究的范围

三.资料搜集的范围

四.预期研究成果

通常在确定题目之後就开始找资料从事研究，建议在找资料之前最好去问教授有哪些参考资料来源可供参考引用。构思为确定写作大纲或 Proposal 的先前步骤，大纲是论文、报告的骨干，Proposal 是研究的架构、流程及范围的说明书。如何构思大纲或Proposal为论文、报告写作前的必要准备工作。好的论文或 1 研究报告，要基于在完整、详实的资料上，而参考资料除了和教授商借之外，最主要的来源就是图书馆了，一般参考资料来源可分成教科书或手册、政府机构的报告、科技或商业方面的杂志，及会议性质的资料。此外现代的电脑资料库也可帮助收集资料，在国外可利用学校的电脑连线资料库寻找自己需要的资料。当一切准备就绪，即可开始着手写报告，一般报告还分大报告如期末、专题等报告，及小报告如 Seminar 式的报告。

就算是小报告，也至少应含

(一)TITLE PAGES ：包含主题名称、作者、日期

(二)Summary： 即主要的结论

(三)Introduction：包括理论背景及内容

(四)Technical Sections：是论文的主体，为最重要的部份应再细分为 几个片断。

(五)Conclusions：即扼要的结论

(六)Appendixes：复杂公式的导引及叁考资料和电脑程式的报表可附加在 此项

美式报告的撰写通常要打字，两行式，行间若有未拼完的字要以音节来连接。写报告通常需要用到电脑，如有计算数字统计图表的需求，也常会用到程式软体如PASCAL、LOTUS，统计分析软体如SAS，也是不可或缺的，电脑绘图在今日已成为工商界及学术界的重要工具，文书处理更是最基本的要求，因此Word for Window、Powerpoint、Excel便成了颇受欢迎的工具。此外在英文语法、文法上的润饰与修改，如能请老美帮忙会比较好。

论文、报告完成后有时会需要做解说(Presentation)，用英文来讲演对中国人来说算是一大挑战，通常课堂讲演时间为十五分钟到三十分钟，若是论文囗试则至少一小时。投影机及麦克风的使用对讲演的效果有很大帮助，正式讲演前多预习几次，时间宜控制适中，上台时忌讳低头拿着报告照念，需留意听众的反应，切中主题，避免太多数字的导引。

北京-故宫英文导游词-导游英语

FORBIDDEN CITY(紫禁城)(In front of the meridian gate)Ladies and Gentlemen: I am pleased to serve as your guide today.This is the palace museum;also know as the Purple Forbidden City.It is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in China today.Under Ming Emperor Yongle, construction began in 1406.It took 14years to build the Forbidden City.The first ruler who actually lived here was Ming Emperor Zhudi.For five centuries thereafter, it continued to be the residence of23 successive emperors until 1911 when Qing Emperor Puyi was forced to abdicate the throne.In 1987, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization recognized the Forbidden City was a world cultural legacy.It is believed that the Palace Museum, or Zi Jin Cheng(Purple Forbidden City), got its name from astronomy folklore, The ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the Ziwei Yuan(North Star).The constellation containing the North Star was called the Constellation of Heavenly God and star itself was called the purple palace.Because the emperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods, his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence.In folklore, the term ‖an eastern purple cloud is drifting‖ became a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher, LaoZi, to the Hanghu Pass.Here, purple is associated with auspicious developments.The word jin(forbidden)is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary people.The red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic.Red represents Happiness, good fortune and wealth.Yellow is the color of the earth on the Loess Plateau, the original Home of the Chinese people.Yellow became an imperial color during the Tang dynasty, when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture.The Forbidden City is rectangular in shape.It is 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meter wide from east west.It has 9,900 rooms under a total roof area 150,000 square meters.A 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a 9.9-meter—high wall which encloses the complex.Octagon —shaped turrets rest on the four corners of the wall.There are four entrances into the city: the Meridian Gate to the south, the Shenwu Gate(Gate of Military Prowess)to the north, and the Xihua Gate(Gate of military Prowess)to the north, and the Xihua Gate(Western Flowery Gate)to the west ,the Donghua(Eastern Flowery Gate)to the east.Manpower and materials throughout the country were used to build the Forbidden City.A total of 230,000 artisans and one million laborers were employed.Marble was quarried from fangshan Country Mount Pan in Jixian County in Hebei Province.Granite was quarried in Quyang County in Hebei Province.Paving blocks were fired in kilns in Suzhou in southern China.Bricks and scarlet pigmentation used on the palatial walls came from linqing in Shandong Province.Timber was cut ,processed and hauled from the northwestern and southern regions.The structure in front of us is the Meridian Gate.It is the main entrance to the forbidden City.It is also knows as Wufenglou(Five-Phoenix Tower).Ming emperors held lavish banquets here on the 15th day of the first month of the Chinese lunar year in hornor of their counties.They also used this place for punishing officals by flogging them with sticks.Qing emperors used this building to announce the beginning of the new year.Qing Emperor Qianglong changed the original name of this announcement ceremony from ban li(announcement of calendar)to ban shou(announcement of new moon)to avoid coincidental association with another Emperor` s name, Hongli, which was considered a taboo at that time.Qing Dynasty emperors also used this place to hold audience and for other important ceremonies.For example,when the imperial army returned victoriously from the battlefield ,it was here that the Emperor presided over the ceremony to accept prisoners of war.(After entering the Meridian Gate and standing in front of the Five Marble Bridges on Golden Water River)now we are inside the Forbidden City.Before we start our tour, I would like to briefly introduce you to the architectural patterns befour us.To complete this solemn, magnificent and palatial complex, a variety of buildings were arranged on a north-south axis, and 8-kilometer-long invisible line that has become an inseparable part of the City of Beijing.The Forbidden City covers roughly one –third of this central axis.Most of the important building in the Forbidden City weree arranged along this line.The design and arrangement of the palaces reflect the solemn dignity of the royal court and rigidly –stratified feudal system.The Forbidden City is divided into an outer and an inner count.We are now standing on the southernmost part of the outer count.In front of us lies the Gate of supreme Harmony.The gate is guarded by a pair of bronze lions ,symbolizing imperial power and dignity.The lions were the most exquisite and biggest of its kind.The one on the east playing with a ball is a male, and ball is said to represent state unity.The other one is a female.Underneath one of its fore claws is a cub that is considered to be a symbol of perpetual imperial succession.The winding brook before us is the Golden Water River.It functions both as decoration and fire control.The five bridges spanning the river represent the five virtues preached by Confucius :benevolence, righteousness, rites, intellence and fidelity.The river takes the shape of a bow and the north-south axis is its arrow.This was meant to show that the Emperors ruled the country on behalf of God.(In front of the Gate of Supreme Harmony)The Forbidden City consists of an outer countyard and an inner enclosure.The out count yard covers a vast space lying between the Meridian Gate and the Gate of Heavenly Purity.The ―three big halls‖ of Supreme Harmony, Complete Harmony and Preserving Harmony constitute the center of this building group.Flanking them in bilateral symmetry are two groups of palaces: Wenhua(Prominent Scholars)and Wuying(Brave Warriors).The three great halls are built on a spacious ―H‖-shaped, 8-meter-high, triple marble terrace, Each level of the triple terrace is taller than the on below and all are encircled by marble balustrades carved with dragon and phoenix designs.There are three carved stone staircases linking the three architectures.The hall of supreme Harmony is also the tallest and most exquisite ancient wooden-structured mansion in all of China.From the palace of Heavenly Purith northward is what is known as the inner court, which is also built in bilaterally symmetrical patterns.In the center are the Palace of Heavenly Purity, the Hall of Union and Peace and Palace of Earthly Tranquility, a place where the Emperors lived with their families and attended to state affairs.Flanking these structures are palaces and halls in which concubines and princes lived.There are also three botanical gardens within the inner count, namely, the imperial Garden, Caning garden and Quailing garden.An inner Golden Water River flows eastwardly within the inner court.The brook winds through three minor halls or palaces and leads out of the Forbidden City.It is spanned by the White Jade Bridge.The river is lined with winding, marble –carved balustrades.Most of the structures within the Forbidden City have yellow glazed tile roofs.Aside from giving prominence to the north-south axis, other architectural methods were applied to make every group of palatial structures unique in terms of terraces, roofs, mythical monsters perching on the roofs and colored, drawing patterns.With these, the grand contour and different hierarchic spectrum of the complex were strengthened.Folklore has it that there are altogether 9,999 room-units in the Forbidden City.Since Paradise only has 10,000 rooms, the Son of Heaven on earth cut the number by half a room.It is also rumoured that this half

–room is located to the west of the Wenyuange Pavilion(imperial library).As a matter of fact, although the Forbidden City has more than 9,000 room-units, this half-room is nonexistent.The Wenyuange Pavilion is a library where ―Si Ku Quan Shu‖-China `s first comprehensive anthology-was stored.(After walking past the Gate of Supreme Harmony)Ladies and Gentlemen, the great hall we are approaching is the Hall of Supreme Harmony, the biggest and tallest of its king in the Forbidden City.This structure covers a total building space of 2,377 square meters, and is know for its upturned, multiple counterpart eaves.The Hall of Supreme Harmony sits on a triple ―H‖-shaped marble terrace the is 8meters high and linked by staircases.The staircase on the ground floor has 21 steps while the middle and upper stairways each have 9.The construction of the Hall of Supreme Harmony began in 1406.It burned down three times and was severely damaged once during a mutiny.The existing architecture was built during the Qing Dynasty.On the corners of the eaves a line of animal-nails were usually fastened to the tiles.These animal-nails were later replace with mythical animals to ward off evil spirits.There are altogether 9 such fasteners on top of this hall.The number nine was regarded by the ancients to be the largest numeral accessible to man and to which only the emperors were entitled.There was a total of 24 successive emperors during the Ming and Qing dynasties who were enthroned here.The ball was also used for ceremonies which marked other great occasions: the Winter Solstice, The Chinese Lunar New Year, the Emperor` s birthday, conferral of the title of empress, the announcement of new laws and policies, and dispatches of generals to war.On such occasions, the Emperor would hold audience for his court officials and receive their tributes.This area is called the Hall of Supreme Harmony Square, which covers a total of 30,000 square meters, Without a single tree or plant growing here, this place inspires visitors to feel its solemnity and grandeur.In the middle of the square there is a carriageway that was reserved for the Emperor.On both sides of the road the groud bricks were laid in a special way seven layers lengthwise and eight layers crosswise, making up fifteen layers in all.The purpose of this was to prevent anyone from tunneling his way into the palace.In the count yard there are iron vats for storing water to fight fires.In the whole complex there are altogher 308 water vats.In wintertime, charcoal was burned underneath the vats to keep the water from freezing.Why so vast a square? It was designed to impress people with the hall` s grandeur and vastness.Imagine the following scene.Under the clear blue sky, the yellow glazed tiles shimmered as the cloud-like layers of terrace, coupled with the curling veil of burning incense, transformed the hall of supreme Harmony into a fairyland.Whenever major ceremonies were held, the glazed, crane-shaped candleholders inside the hall would be it, and incense and pine branches burnt in front of the hall.When the Emperor appeared, drums were beaten and musical instrument played.Civilian officials and generals would kneel know in submission.The last Qing emperor Puyi assumed the throne in 1908, at the age of three, His father carried him to the throne.At the start of the coronation, the sudden drum-beating and loud music caught the young emperor unprepared.He was so scared that he kept crying and shouting,‖I don’t want to stay here.I want to go Home.‖ His father tried to soothe him, saying, ‖It` all soon be finished.It` all soon be finished ‖The ministers present at the event considered this incident inauspicious.Coincidentally, the Qing dynasty collapsed three years later and there with concluded China `s feudal system that had lasted for more than 2,000 years.(On the stone terrace of the Hall of Supreme Harmony)This is a bronze incense burner.In it incense made of sandalwood would be burnt on important occasions.There are altogether 18 incense burners, representing all of the provinces under the rule of the Sing monarchs.On either side of the Hall, 4 bronze water-filled vats were placed in case of fire.Next to the terrace on either side, there is a bronze crane and tortoise, symbols of longevity.This copper-cast grain measure is called ‖jialiang.‖ It served as the national standard during the Qing dynasty.It was meant to show that the imperial ruler were just and open to rectification.On the other side there is a stone sundial, an ancient timepiece.The jialiang and the sundial were probably meant to show what the Emperor represented: that he was the only person who should possess the standards of both measure and time.In the very forefront of the Hall of Supreme Harmony , there are 12 scarlet , round pillars supporting the roof.The hall is 63 meters from east to west and 37 meters from north to south, It is 35 meters in height.In front of this architechture, there stands a triple terrace with five staircases leading up to the main entrance.It has 40 gold doors and 16 gold-key windows with colored drawings on the pillars and beams.In the middle of the hall, a throune carved with 9 dragons sits on a 2-meter-high platform.Behind the throne there is a golden screen and in front of it, there is a imperial desk.The flanks are decorated with elephants, Luduan(a legendary beast), cranes, and incense barrels.The elephant carries a vase on its back that holds five cereals(i.e.rice, two kinds of millet, wheat and beans),which was considered a symbol of prosperity.As ancient legend has it that luduan can travel 18,000 li(9,000 kilometers)in one day and knows all languages and dialects.Only to a wise adjust monarch will this beast be a guardian.The Hall of Supreme Harmony is also popularly known as Jinluan Dian(gold bell hall or the throne hall).The floor of the hall is laid with bricks that turn it into a smooth, fine surface as if water has been sprinkled on it.The so-called golden brick, in fact, has nothing to do with gold.Reserved exclusively for the construction of the royal court, it was made in a secretive, and complex way, and, when struck, sounds like the clink of a gold bar.Each brick was worth the market price of one dan(or one hectoliter)of rice.The hall is supported by a total of 72 thick pillars.Of these, 6 are carved in dragon patterns and painted with gold and surround the throne.Above the very center of this hall there is a zaojing, or covered ceiling, which is one of the Specialities of China `s ancient architure.In the middle of the ceiling is a design of a dragon playing with a ball inlaid with peals.This copper ball, hollow inside and covered with mercury, is known as the Xuanyuan Mirror and is thought to be made Xuanyuan, a legendary monarch dating back to remote antiquity.The placing of the caisson above the throne is meant to suggest that all of China` s successive emperors are Zuanyuan` s descendants and hereditary heirs.Now you might have noticed that the Xuanyuan mirror is not directly above the throne.Why? It is rumored that Yuan Shikai, a self-acclaimed warlord-turned emperor moved the throne further back because he was afraid that the mirror might fall on him.In 1916 when Yuan Shikai became emperor, he removed the original throne with a Western-style, high-back chair.After the foundation of the People` s Republic of China in 1949 the throne was found in a shabby furniture warehouse.It repaired and returned to the hall.(Leading the tourist to the bronze vats either on the east or the west)the water vats in front of the palaces or house were called ―menhai,‖ or sea before the door by the ancient Chinese.They believed that with a sea by the door, fire could not wreak havoc.The vats served both as a decoration and as a fire extinguisher.They were kept full of water all year round.During the Qing Dynasty, they were altogether 308 vats in the palace enclosure.They were made of gilt bronze or iron.Of couse, the gilt bronze vats were of the best quality.When the allied forces(Britain, Germany, France, Russia, the United States, Italy, Japan and Austria)invaded Beijing in 1900 under the pretext of suppressing the Boxer Rebellion, the invadersransacked the imperial compound and scraped and gold off the vats with their bayonets.During the Japanese occupation of Beijing, many vats were trucked away by the Japanese to be made into bullets.(In front of the Hall of Complete Harmony)The square architecture before us is called the Hall of Complete Harmony.It served as an antechamber.The Emperor came here to meet with his countiers and add his final touches to the prayers which would be read at the ancestral Temple.The seeds, snowers and prayer intended for spring sowing were also examined here.The two Qing sedan chairs here on display were used for traveling within the palace during the reign of Emperor Qianlong.(In front of the hall f Preserving Harmony)this is the Hall of Preserving Harmony.During the Qing Dynasty, banquets were held here on New Year` s eve in honour of Mongolian and Northwestern China` s xingjiang princes and ranking officials.The Emperor also dinned here with his new son-in-law on the wedding day.Imperial examinations were also held here once every three years.During the Ming and Qing dynasties, there were three levels of exams: the county and prefectural level, the provincial level and national level.The national exam was presided over by the emperor.The civil service exam in ancient China started during the Han Dynasty.It served the purpose of recruiting Confucian scholars to the ministers and high officials.During the Tang and Qing dynasties reinstituted and ancient system.Once every three years, three hundred scholars from all over the country came to Beijing and took exams for three day and night.This system was abolished in 1905.(Behind the hall of preserving harmony)this is the largest stone carving in the palace.It is 16.73 meters long, 3.07 meters wide and 1.7 meters thick.It weighs about 200 tons.The block was quarried in Fangshan County, roughly 70 kilometers away.To transport such a huge block to Beijing, laborers dug wells along the roadside half a kilometer apart, and used the groundwater to make a road of ice in the winter.Rolling blocks were used in the summer.In 1760, Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty ordered the carving of the existing cloud and dragon design in place of the old one which dated back to the Ming Dynasty.Note : From here, the tour can be conducted via three different routes: a western route(Route A), a central route(Route B)or an eastern route(Route C).The commentary for each follows.Route A Ladies and Gentlemen: You have seen the three main halls of the Forbidden City.Now I ` d like to show you around the hall of mental cultivation and the imperial garden.The hall of mental cultivation is situated is in the western part of the innermost enclosure and is symmetrical to Fengxian(enshrinement of forebears)Hall in the east.This hall was built during the Ming Dynasty.IT is a H-shaped structure consisting of an antechamber and a main building.The hall is surrounded by corridors.In front of the hall is the Office of Privy Council.Before Emperor Kangxi of Qing the Dynasty came to power the Hall of Heavenly Purity served as the living quarter of the emperors.Emperor Yongzheng chose to live in this hall and attended to every day state affairs from here.For the sake of protecting cultural relics, this hall is not open to the public.You can have a look at the inside from the door.The central hall was the audience chamber where the emperor read memorials, granted audience to officials and summoned his minsters for consultation.The western chamber of the hall was where the emperor read reports and discussed military and political affairs.The hall consists of many inner rooms and is decorated with images of Buddha and miniature pagodas.On the screen wall there hangs a picture of two emperors in the Han costume.In a southern room there three rare calligraphic scrolls, hence the name of the room ―Sanxitang‖(Room of Three Rare Treasures).The room on the eastern side is of historical interst because it was here that Empress Dowager Cixi usurped power and made decisions on behalf of the young emperor.A bamboo curtain was used to separate them.Empress Dowage Cixi was born in 1835 in Lu` an Prefecture of shanxi province.She` s of Manchurian nationality and her father was a provincial governor from south China.When she was 17 years old ,she was selected to become a concubine of Emperor Xianfeng and moved into the Forbidden City.She gave birth to a son when she was 21years old and was made a concubine the following year.When the emperor passed away in the summer of 1861, her son ascended the throne and title of Cixi, meaning ―Holy Mother‖ was conferred upon her and she became the Empress Dowager.In that same year Empress Dowager Cixi carried out a count coup d` etat and ruled behind the scenes with another empress dowager, Ci` an, for 48 years.She passed away in 1908 at the age of 73.It was in reference to this situation that the term ―attending to state affairs behind a bamboo curtain‖ developed.In 1912 , Empress dowager Longyu declared the abdication of the last Qing emperor Puyi.They were allowed to remain in the Forbidden City for the next 13 years.The royal family was forced to move out permanently in 1924.Behind the central hall were the living accommodation of 8 successive Qing emperors.Three of them actually passed away here.The side rooms flanking the hall were reserved for empresses and concubines.Now let` s continue with our tour.It will take us to the Hall of heavenly purity , the hall of union and peace ,the palace of earthly tranquility, and the imperial garden.Route B(Inside the Hall of heavenly Purity)Ladies and Gentlemen: We are now entering the inner court.From the Gate of Heavenly Purity northward lies the inner court where the emperors and empresses once lived.The Hall of heavenly Purity is the central hall of the inner court ,and was completed during the Reign of Emperor Yongle of the Ming Dynasty.There are 10 pillars supporting the entire structure and the hall is 20 meters in height.In the center of the hall there a throne.Above it hangs a plaque with an inscription that reads ―Be open and above-board,‖ written by Shenzhi,the first emperor of the Qing Dynasty.Beginning with Qianlong` s reign, the name of the successor to the throne was not publicly announced.instead, it was written on two pieces of paper, one to be kept on the emperor` s person throughout his reign, and the other placed in a small strongbox that was stored behind his plaque.The box was opened only after the emperor passed away.Altogether there where 4 emperors who ascended the throne in this way, namely Qianlong, Jiaqing, Daohuang and Xian feng.The hall of heavenly purity was where the emperors lived during the Ming and Qing dynasties.According to tradition ,extravagant annual banquets were held here on New Year` s Eve in honour of royal family members.Foreign ambassadors were received here during the late-Qing period.Two important ―one thousand old men` s feasts‖ of the Qing Dynasty were also held here.All the invitees had to be at least 65 years of age.This hall was also used for mourning services.(Inside the Palace of Union and Peace)this hall sits between the Hall of heavenly Purity and the Palace of Earthly Tranquility, symbolizing the union of heaven and earth ,as well as national peace.It was first built in 1420 and reconstructed in 1798.The hall is square in shape ,and is smaller than the Hall of complete Harmony.You will see a plaque here inscribed with two Chinese characters, wu wei, which were handwritten by Emperor Qianglong.A throne sits in the middle of the hall with a screen behind it.Above the throne there hangs a caisson ,or covered ceiling.The emperor held birthday celebrations and other major events here.In 1748 during Emperor Qianlong` s reign, 25 jade seals representing imperial authority were kept in this hall.No seals were allowed out of the room without the prior consent of the emperor.On each flack there is a water clock and a chiming clock.(Inside the palace of earthly tranquility)This used to be the central hall where successive Ming empresses lived.During the Qing dynasty, it was converted into a place where sacrifices and wedding ceremonies were held.The room on the western side was used for sacrifices and the room on the east was the seeding chamber.Route C Ladies and Gentlemen: You have seen the three main halls of the Forbidden City.Now I` d like to show you around scenes of interest along the eastern route.The first is the Treasure Hall.This mansion is called the Hall of Imperial Zenith.This is where Sing Emperor Quailing lived after abdication.Nearly 1,000 artifacts and treasures are on display here, among which the Golden Hair Tower is one of the most famous.This tower is 1.53meters in height and its base is 0.53 meters in circumference.It was built under the order of Emperor Quailing to be used to collect fallen hair in commemoration of his mother.There is also a ―Day harnessing Water Jade Hill ‖ on display here.Yu was a legendary monarch of the remote Ixia dynasty.Under his leadership, the people learned how to harness the Yellow River.This jade assemblage, 224 centimeters in height and 5 tons in weight, is the largest jade artwork in China.This mat was woven with peeled ivory.These artifacts are among China` s rarest treasures.(In front of the Nine-Dragon Screen)this is the Nine-Dragon Relief Screen.Erected in 1773,it is 3.5 meters in height and 29.4 meters in width.Underneath is a foundation made of marble.The surface of the screen is laid with a total of 270 colored, glazed tiles in the design of 9 dragons ,some rocky mountains ,clouds and the sea.It was meant to ward off evil spirits The ancient Chinese regarded 9 dragons, some rocky mountains, clouds and the sea.It was meant to ward off evil spirits.The ancient Chinese regarded 9 as the largest numeral and the dragon as a auspicious beast.The 9 dragons are different in color and posture and all are made of glazed tiles.Interestingly a piece of the third dragon from the left is made of wood.It is believe that when the Nine-dragon Screen was almost finished ,a piece of glazed tile was damaged.Emperor Qianlong was scheduled to inspect the work the following day.Using quick wits, the craftsman in question molded the missing piece with clay and sailed through the imperial inspection.Later ,he asked a carpenter to carve a wooden one to replace the one made of clay.(Approaching the Imperial garden)Behind the Palace of Earthly Tranquility and trading the north-south axis is the imperial Garden.There are old trees, rare flowers and exotic rock formation in this garden.It cover a space of 11,700 square meters, or roughly 1.7 percent of the Forbidden City.Most of the structures in the garden are symmetrically arranged.However, each is different in terms of parrern and decoration.Woods clumps of bamboo screen off the

garden and strengthens its deep and serene atmosphere.There main structure of the Imperial Garden is the Qin` an Hall.Positioned in the central-northern part of the garden ,this hall is flanked by other halls and pavilions on the east and west.The hall sits on a marble pedestal.The Taoist deity of Zhenwu is enshrined here and emperor would pay homage here a quarterly basis.Taoist rites were held during the reign of Emperor Jiajing of the Ming Dynasty.In front of the hall there is a cypress that is 400 years old.In all there are a dozen such rare trees in the garden, and most of them are cypresses or pines.To the northwest of the hall , there is the Yanhui(Sustaining Sunshine)Pavilion and to the northeast there lies the Duixiu(Accumulated Refinement)Hill.This Hill was built over the foundation of the long-pershed Guanhua(Admiring Flowers)Hall of the Ming Dynasty.It is 14 meters in height and made of al kinds of rocks quarried in jiang su province.At its base stand two nstone lions, each carrying a dragon shooting water 10 meters up into the air from its mouth.There are meandering paths leading to the hilltop.At the top of Duixiu Hill sits the Yujing(Imperial Viewing)Pavilion.Traditionally, On the day of the Double Ninth Festival(the ninth day of the ninth lunar month), the emperor ,his consort, and his concubines would climb up to Yujing Pavilion to enjoy the scenery.At the southeastern corner of the garden is Jiangxue(Crimson Snowy)Verandah.Nearby to the southwest lies Yangxing Study(study of the cultivation of nature).The yangxing study was used as a royal library during the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty.The last emperor of the Qing Dynasty, Puyi once studied English there.In front of the Jiangxue Verandah some Chinese flowering crabapples grow.The structure got its name from the crabapples who blossoms trun from crimson to snowy white.In front of the Verandah, there grows a rare flower that was brought from henna Province under the order of Empress dowager Cixi.In the northest is Chizao Tang(Hall of Using Flowery Language), once used as a library where rare books were stored.There are also specific pavilions symbolizing the four seasons.The halls of Wanchun and Qianqiu ,representing spring and autumn respectively ,are square in shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shaped ridges.The halls of Chengrui and Fubi,dedecated to winter and summer, are characterized by two verandahs and bridges at their bases.Paths were paved with colorful pebbles and arranged in 900 different designs.The Imperial Garden ca n be accessed through the Qiong yuan(Jade garden)West gate or the qiong yuan east gate.A third gate, the shunzhen(Obedience and Fidelity)Gate, opens to the north.Its doors are laid in glazed tiles and it was only used by the empress or concubines.As our tour of the Forbidden City draws to a close, I hope that I have helped you understand why the Palace is a treasure of China and one of the cultural relics of the world.It is under the strict protection of the Chinese government.Since 1949 when the people` s Rupublic of China was founded, nearly one trillion RMB was spent on its restoration and refurbishment.The Forbidden City has undergone four major facelifts to date.Each year, the government earmarks a large sum to gather, sort and study cultural relics.The Palace now contains a total of 930,000cultural relics.Well, so much for today.Let` s go to reboard the coach.Thank you!

第五篇：北京故宫导游词

关于酒店预订的一些见解与问答

商学院102班 陈岚10313229

随着信息技术的发展，传统的酒店经营模式已无法满足社会发展的需要。酒店为了提高服务质量来吸引客户，提高经济效益而采用管理信息系统来管理日常工作，合理配置资源，提升管理水平，从而在市场竞争中取得优势。

酒店预订信息管理是酒店日常运作的一个重要环节，其应用面相当广泛，学习制作酒店预订信息管理系统很有必要，它能极大的提高酒店管理的效率，减少管理人员工作量。同时，它也是服务行业管理软件的一个综合性代表。酒店预订是指用户可以通过互联网、电话、手机wap多种方式获得酒店预订服务，通过酒店预订服务查询、预订满意的酒店类型，所在商业街区、周围建筑物、品牌、星级、价位、地址、房型、床型、房内配置、酒店公用设施、停车场、宽带、早餐、开业时间、最近装修时间等各类酒店相关信息并进行预订。

但是，在进行酒店预订的时候要注意以下问题：

1如何防范预定中陷阱？

最重要的一条就是：不要贪图便宜，多比较。旅游局也多次提出低价旅游的各种陷阱，所以游客一定多比较、多思考。以免后悔莫及！2网上预订有什么好处？

(1)预订完全免费；(2)二是享受比酒店前台更低的价格；(3)优先订到房间，避免因找房而耽误您的行程。（4）可以随时更改订单信息，如取消、或房间变更等等

3如何在网上预订？

您只需在网站上找到适合您的酒店后，点击您要预订房型后的预订按钮，然后填写您的个人资料等信息，提交后一般30分钟内会发送预订结果短信给您。

4预订时为什么要填写手机号？

(1)用来接收我们发送的预订结果短信；(2)确认您的身份是有效的；(3)其它情况下方便和您联系。

5、如果是通过旅游公司预订的酒店则可以通过旅游公司进行退订酒店的业务。

6、在酒店预订房间交纳订金后，可以向酒店提出退订的要求，不过要及时，否则将负赔偿的责任。

7、还可以通过网上退订，如果知道该酒店的IP地址的前提下。