大学体验英语综合教程2 第三版 Unit 2 电子教案

第一篇：大学体验英语综合教程2 第三版 Unit 2 电子教案

Unit 2

Jobs and Careers Objectives:

★ first listen, and then learn to ask about job opportunities and go for job interviews

★ read about online job applications and dream jobs

★ write about how to find a potential job

★ practice the use of unreal conditions

★ write your own résumé

★ visit Culture Salon to learn to tell the difference between job and career

I Passage A

Your Dream Job: A Click Away 1.Summary

Since most students will choose to work after graduation, job-hunting is of great importance to them.They will write plenty of résumés about their education and send them to the companies they want to work for.It takes both time and energy to do so.Now, thanks to the development of the Internet, job-hunting has become much easier.Job-hunters can find a job just by clicking a mouse on the computer.Many of them make their dream come true through the Internet.This article describes the experiences of five people who used online sources to look for new jobs.Theresa Smith used the JOB-TRAK website to find an administrative assistant’s job at a university.Steven Tools used the CareerBuilder website to find a marketing management position.Madeline Gragg used Yahoo!to find a job teaching English in Japan.Nedzad Dozlic used a newspaper website to find a driver’s job with a car dealership.Wendy Mello used CareerBuilder to find a position in human resources for a media-information-services company.Mello also used another website to calculate the cost of living in her new location and to decide what salary to request.All these are typical examples of online job searches, since many different types of jobs can now be found this way.2.Language Points

1.career: a job or profession for which one is trained and which one intends to follow for the whole of one’s life

Examples:

There are many more careers open to women now than fifty years ago.Florence Nightingale made nursing her career.2.refer to: 1)send(someone or something)to(usually someone else)for decision or action Examples:

The Local Court has referred the whole case to the High Court.The dispute between the two countries was referred to the United Nations.2)mention;speak about Examples:

Don’t refer to the matter again.The speaker referred to his past experience.3.criteria:(pl.)an established rule, standard, or principle, on which a judgment is based Examples:

What criteria do you use when judging the quality of a student’s work?

There are several criteria of a good school.4.salary: fixed(usually monthly)pay for regular work Examples:

My father draws his salary at the end of every month.Don’t spend all of your salary.Try to put something away each month.5.resident: a person who lives(in a place)and is not just a visitor Examples:

The local residents were angry at the lack of parking spaces.The residents of the town are proud of its new library.6.come across: meet or discover, especially by chance Examples:

I have just come across a beautiful poem in this book.She came across some old letters in the course of her search.7.curious: eager to know or learn Examples:

The boy was curious about everything he saw.Miss Matfield threw a curious glance at her.8.fill out / in: put in(whatever is needed to complete something)Examples:

After Tom passed his driving test he filled out an application for his driver’s license.The policeman filled out a report of the accident.9.fill up: make or become completely full Examples:

The room soon was filled up with people.The rain has filled up the ditches again.10.available: able to be got, obtained, used, etc.Examples:

A limited number of seats are still available.There were no tickets available for Friday’s performance.11.elevate: make better, higher, or more educated Examples:

The clerk was elevated to a managerial position.The government is trying to elevate the living standards of the people.12.scan: look through quickly Examples:

He scanned the newspaper while having his breakfast.He scanned the articles that might give the information he needed.13.procedure: an action or set of actions necessary for doing something Examples:

Writing a check is quite a simple procedure.We have worked out a new set of procedures for using this machine.14.spot: pick out, recognize, see(one person or thing out of many)Examples:

He was the first to spot the danger.We spotted the winner of the beauty contest the moment she appeared.15.variety: number or group of different things Examples:

Everyone arrived late at the party for a variety of reasons.The college library has a wide variety of books.16.potential: that can or may come into existence or action Examples:

Although this area is very poor now, its potential wealth is great.We should always be on the lookout for potential dangers.17.learn of: become informed of Examples:

How did you learn of our product? Was it through our advertisement?

I learned of your new address from your parents.18.via: by means of;using Examples:

I’ve read this French play via an English translation.I sent a message to Mary via her sister.19.annual: of one year Examples:

The annual farm output was to be increased by 4 to 5 percent.Mr.White’s annual income is $36 000.20.financial: connected with money Examples:

In that case they would receive financial aid from the state.They are now confronted with a serious financial crisis.21.current: of present time Examples:

They suggested measures to overcome current difficulties.In some schools children study current affairs as a subject.22.flash: show for a moment Examples:

The news flashed on television.He flashed a $10 note at the man by the door.23.detailed: with a lot of facts given Examples:

He gave me a detailed account of his work.He kept a detailed diary of the meetings.3.Important sentences 1.The career placement center referred the liberal-arts major to JOB-TRAK, an Internet site listing 45 000 entry-level positions.The career placement center advises the student majoring in liberal arts to visit JOB-TRAK, a website containing 45 000 jobs for new workers.2.Smith is one American who clicked her way into a job.Smith is one American who found a job online.3.“The Internet is like hiring a personal assistant,” says Tools.“Effortlessly you can become aware of opportunities that may elevate your career.”

The Internet is like a personal helper.It presents you with information about possible chances to improve your career.4.Most major newspapers and trade publications have online versions of their classified listings, enabling job-seekers to scan for work available across town, in another state, or around the world.Most major newspapers and specialist journals have their job advertisements online, to help jobseekers quickly spot job vacancies anywhere in the world.5.A refugee of the war in Bosnia, Dozlic had had a variety of jobs but was now ready for something new.Dozlic, who escaped from the war in Bosnia, had done several different jobs but was now ready to find a new one.6.To find out more about the company, she clicked on to Artitron’s home page and that of its parent company, Ceridian Corp., where she reviewed an annual report and the company’s financial performance.To learn more about the company she entered its website and the website of its headquarters, and studied the company’s yearly report and financial situations.7.By accessing an online real estate service, she saw color photos of rental properties...Through an online real estate site, she saw pictures of homes which a person can rent rather than buy...4.Practical Writing

Reference Key

There are several things you cannot ignore when tracking down information on job openings.First, you should consult your friends, relatives, or neighbors, who may offer information unavailable elsewhere.Second, you should read the classified section in the newspapers often.Next, remember to register with two or three recruitment agencies.Finally, don’t forget to make use of the Internet.In today’s society the Internet is a quick and cost-effective method for employers to announce their employment needs.Therefore, if you log onto the Internet, you just might find your dream job.II Passage B

Dream Jobs: College Students Make Their Picks 1.Summary For recent college graduates, finding a job is a lot like finding a match when dating.In its annual survey of U.S.college students, the research firm Universum USA asked its more than 60 000 respondents to identify the characteristics they associate with dream employers, and broke down the results into seven personality types: careerists, entrepreneurs, explorers, harmonizers, hunters, idealists and leaders.Google continued to rank as the big favorite, taking the No.1 spot in five of the personality types and taking a top three spot in all seven.Apple was in the top three with six of the personality types, and Disney was in the top three for five, including idealists, who ranked it No.1 ahead of Google.Banks, oil companies, and the Big Four accounting firms lost some of their luster among business students, but government and nonprofit employers had a good year among careerists.Disney and Apple, perceived as offering dynamic, challenging work settings, gained ground in this year’s survey with several personality types.Petter Nylander, chief executive of Universum, says it’s clear that young people want employers who share their values and are a good fit for their personality.“What you see is young employees selecting companies that confirm their views of themselves,” he says.Language Points

1.personality: characteristics and qualities of a person seen as a whole Examples:

Parents have great influences on the development of a child’s personality.I’m deeply impressed both by your personality and talent.2.genuine: authentic;sincere Examples:

I was shocked to know that such an expensive painting was not genuine.Having been working here for 20 years, I do have a genuine love for the campus.3.connection: relationship Examples:

My conclusion is that there is no connection between the two incidents.We can see a clear connection between one’s attitude and one’s performance.4.arm candy:(informal)a sexually attractive person who accompanies another at social events Examples:

Tony usually had two pretty girls accompany him to parties as arm candy.She’d already had mini-roles in eight movies when she turned up as George Sanders’ arm candy in the party scenes of this film.5.survey: investigation using a pool or questionnaire Examples:

A recent survey found that 36% of the women asked did not feel safe walking alone at night.They ran a survey of the most popular television programs.6.identify: recognize or distinguish(as being the specified person or thing)Examples:

This is a course that teaches us to identify plants and flowers.Can you identify your umbrella among this lot?

7.characteristic: distinguishing feature Examples:

A person of your characteristic is sure to be popular with young people like college students.Generosity is one of his nicest characteristics.8.associate: connect in thought, memory or imagination Examples:

Whisky is usually associated with Scotland.People will always associate the name of Steve Jobs with Apple.9.break(something)down(into): be divided or divide into parts Examples:

Expenditure on the project breaks down as follows: raw materials $1m, equipment $2m, wages $2m.Water is broken down into hydrogen and oxygen.10.prestigious: having or bringing prestige;having high status Examples:

Yale University is one of the world’s most prestigious universities.Only the most prestigious scholars deserve such a title.11.recruit: enroll(someone)as a member or worker in an organization;enlist Examples:

The coach recruited nine boys for the baseball team.Our university recruited more staff this year than last year.12.assignment: a duty or piece of work that is given to someone to do Examples:

Five staff members have agreed to take on the one-year assignment in Africa.This is a difficult assignment for him, but he has made up his mind to complete it.13.balance: a state in which opposite or competing forces are evenly matched or given equal importance Examples:

She tried to keep her balance but still fell off the bike.Maintaining a favorable balance of trade is a difficult task for the country.14.secure: feeling safe, stable, and free from fear or anxiety Examples:

Many young people today don’t feel secure about their future.His position in the company is quite secure.15.employment: a person’s trade or profession Examples:

According to the report, 85% of the college graduates have found employment.The newly-built factory can provide employment for many people.16.competitive: of or involving competition;able to do as well as or better than others Examples:

This supermarket offers more competitive prices, so its business is very good.The country boasts a car industry that is competitive with any in the world.17.prospect: picture in the mind or imagination, especially of a future event;the possibility or likelihood of some future event occurring

Examples:

He is so excited by the prospect of having his own house in such a big city.When he thinks of the prospect of a holiday abroad, he feels motivated to work hard.18.earnings: money which is earned by working Examples:

The husband has to give most of his earnings to his wife every month.After a month’s work my earnings are just 1800 Yuan.19.ethical: of morals or moral questions;morally correct Examples:

This is an ethical issue that we should never neglect.His behavior is not ethical.20.designate: mark or point out clearly;choose(someone / something)for a special purpose Examples:

The boundaries between the two countries are designated on the map.The eastern part of the city has been designated as a development zone.21.overall: total;general Examples:

My overall impression of him is that he is very talkative.Can you tell me the overall cost of the project?

22.favorite: a person or thing that is loved above all others Examples:

Hollywood blockbusters are my favorites.He is a favorite with his grandfather.23.rank: give(someone or something)a rank or place within a grading system Examples:

Almost all the schools rank the students according to their grades.I rank Google higher than Apple.24.diversity: variety Examples:

There was a diversity of opinions on whether a nuclear plant should be built near the city.The tolerance of diversity is the key to the survival of the world in the 21st century.25.critical: of or at a crisis;decisive;crucial Examples:

The unemployment problem in that country is very critical at present.At the critical moment he jumped into the river and saved the boy.26.reflect: embody or represent(something)in a faithful or appropriate way Examples:

Her remarks at today’s meeting reflected her personality.The article reflected the author’s opinion on the matter.27.belief: something one accepts as true or real;a firmly held opinion or conviction Examples:

Nothing can shake my belief in his integrity and honesty.He has a strong belief in that country’s higher education.28.ethnicity: state of belonging to a social group that has a common national or cultural tradition Examples:

We welcome all talent, regardless of their background, gender and ethnicity.In this university you must learn to get along with people of different ethnicities.29.attractive: having the power to attract Examples:

The mountain is very attractive at this time of year.He has got three very attractive job offers.30.for starters: first of all, to start with Examples:

For starters, we don’t have enough time.He is not suitable for the task.For starters, he hasn’t got any experience in dealing with emergency.31.luster: soft brightness of a smooth or shining surface;glory, distinction Examples:

She couldn’t eat, and her hair lost its luster.Brave deeds add luster to one’s name

32.consequence: a result or effect of an action or condition;importance Examples:

Drunk driving can have very bad consequences, so make sure that you never violate the law.This is an issue of tremendous consequence for the country.33.in addition: as an extra person, thing, or circumstance Examples:

In addition, there is a severe drought in many provinces in the country.The international language school teaches English and mathematics in addition.34.account for: make up(a specified amount or proportion)Examples:

The local people just account for 1/3 of the workers in the factory.Food and clothing account for a large portion of the family’s monthly expenditure.35.category: a class or division of people or things regarded as having particular shared characteristics Examples:

The books fall into two categories: those of social sciences and those of natural sciences.We can divide the products of the company into three categories.36.appealing: attractive, charming, interesting Examples:

The film is not appealing to me.The actor’s voice makes him very appealing to his fans.37.achievement: something successfully finished or gained, especially through skill or hard work Examples:

The scientist was rewarded by the government for his great achievement in rice hybrids research.The successful launch and return of the manned spacecraft was a great achievement of our country’s manned space program.38.further: help the development of(something);promote Examples:

This is a good opportunity for you to further your career.The aim of this activity is to further our cause of helping the disabled.39.significant: of noticeable importance Examples:

The annual report of the company is significant for the public.Your success in this position will be significant for your future.40.network: interact with other people to exchange information and develop contacts, especially to further one’s career Examples:

He shows great skill in networking with people of different personalities.For your self-development, you should learn how to network with your boss.41.come in: finish in the stated place in a race or competition Examples:

George came in third in the 100-meter race.Where did our team come in — second or third?

42.likely: probable;that is expected Examples:

I think it likely that we will win the match.The likely outcome of the negotiation is a compromise made on both sides.43.as well as: in addition to Examples:

There are young trees as well as flowers in his garden.He is hard-working as well as intelligent.44.reputation: the beliefs or opinions that are generally held about someone or something Examples:

The doctor has a reputation for being very patient.The expert has lost his good reputation because he often speaks for the privileged.45.executive: a person with senior managerial responsibility in a business organization Examples:

He is one of the company’s senior executives.As the chief executive he spends much time on decision making.46.confirm: reinforce someone in(an opinion, belief, or feeling);make definite Examples:

The information provided by Mr.White confirmed my judgment of the company’s financial status.The couple’s joint statement in today’s newspaper confirmed the rumor that they had divorced each other.47.identity: the fact of being who or what a person or thing is Examples:

Show me your identity card, please.The reporter concealed his identity so that he could make the investigation smoothly.48.build(something)on(something): base(something)on(something);use something as a foundation for making further progress Examples:

Your accusation is not built on evidence.The company drew the conclusion by building on its own survey.2.Sentence Explanation 1.Everybody wants a genuine connection, and a little arm candy doesn’t hurt.Everybody wants a true and sincere relationship, a good match to their personality in locating a job, but it is not bad to have something to help make you look more appealing when “dating”.2.The employees must refl ect our users.Our employees must be people with a diversity of beliefs, background and ethnicity to refl ect our users, who are people of diverse cultural backgrounds.3.For starters, banks, oil companies, and the Big Four accounting fi rms lost some of their luster among business students.First of all, banks, oil companies, and the Big Four accounting firms are not as excellent and appealing as before in the eyes of business students.4.“What you see is young employees selecting companies that confirm their views of themselves,” he says.“What you see is young employees selecting companies that recognize and reinforce their views,” he says.5.“Your identity today is built on where you work.It sends a strong message about who you are.”

“Your identity today is recognized according to where you work.Where you work tells people a lot about your social position, your economic status, etc.”

III General Writing: Unreal Conditions To make predictions, you may find unreal conditional clauses useful.Unreal conditions are either impossible or unlikely to be realized.In unreal conditional sentences, a contrary-to-fact condition exists.Examples: Present Time:

If this was allowed to happen, the dam would collapse.If the dam collapsed, many acres of good farmland would disappear.Past Time:

If this had not been allowed to happen, the dam would not have collapsed.Past Time with Present or Future Result:

If they had passed the law, the economy would be in better shape now.

第二篇：大学体验英语综合教程2英语

1范文:At Oxford, the university and its individual colleges have different roles to play.Basically, the colleges selects their own undergraduate students and take primary responsibility for the students' tutorial teaching and well-being.They also provide accommodations, meals, and other care for their tudents.As for the University, it provides a wide range of resources for teaching and learning in the form of libraries, laboratories, and other facilities.In addition, the University selects and supervises graduate students, and awards degrees in a wide variety of subjects.2范文:There are several things you cannot ignore when tracking down information on job openings.First, you should consult your friends, relatives, or neighbors, who may offer information unavailable elsewhere.Second, you should read the classified section in the newspapers often.Next, remember to register with two or three recruitment agencies.Finally, don’t forget to make use of the Internet.In today’s society the Internet is a quick and cost-effective method for employers to announce their employment needs.Therefore, if you log onto the Internet, you just might find your dream job.3范文:Getting a good education has many advantages.First, a good education means personal enrichment.A well-educated person is more knowledgeable and civilized.His life is also more meaningful.Second, with a good educational background, one has more opportunities to find a better job.Finally, armed with what education offers, one is likely to make a greater contribution to society and play a role in helping society to advance more rapidly.翻译为自动翻译，仅供参考。

1范文:在牛津大学及其各学院有不同的角色扮演。基本上,学校选择他们自己的本科学生和采取的首要责任为学生的教学和福祉的教程。他们还提供食宿、和其他照顾他们的学生。至于大学,它提供了一个广泛的资源的教学和学习的形式,在2范文:有几件事你不能忽视当跟踪信息在职位空缺。首先,你应该咨询你的朋友,亲戚,邻居,她们可能提供其他地方无法获得信息。其次,你应该读报纸上的分类广告版面经常。接下来,记得注册两个或三个招聘机构。最后,不要忘了利用互联网。在今天的社会,互联网是一个快速而经济有效的方法对雇主宣布他们的就业需求。因此,如果你登录互联网,你也许会发现你梦想的工作。3范文:得到良好的教育有很多优点。首先,良好的教育意味着个人浓4范文:人们对广告的主要受害者,原因有两个。首先,人类有自己的弱点。人们想要受欢迎,爱和时尚。因此,他们常常向。5范文:但临近结束的旅行,事情错了飞机。在最后的几分钟前预定着陆,飞行员与布鲁塞尔机场失去了联系。他开始他的方法的土地,但在最后一刻,他把飞机了。他环绕机场,准备再试一次。但是,在第二次尝试中,他突然加快速度,把飞机进入一个急剧攀升。在一瞬间,飞机撞到地面,爆炸在一团火焰。所有的船上的人被杀,其中包括18名成员,美国花样滑冰队。7范文:我的父亲是一个最慷慨的人,总是乐于帮助需要的人。尽管他挣微薄的工资,他8.写信给医疗保险机构（holiday insurance）Dear sir or madam:

I will traveling on holiday during the month of July。I will travel from Guangzhou to Australia by airplane.Upon arrival in Australia, I plan travel by train and bus throughout the eastern region.I am interested in applying for holiday insurance to cover any loss of or damage to my luggage and personal belongings during this time.Please let me know the terms, conditions and cost

4范文:People fall victim to advertising mainly for two reasons.First, human beings have their own weaknesses.People want to be popular, loved and fashionable.Therefore, they often turn to advertising to have a sense of security.Second, advertisers take advantage of human weaknesses.Through advertisements, they tell people what is new, what they should look like, what is cool, and what is hot.They constantly stimulate people to want things and to follow fashion.Eventually, people become victims of advertising even without realizing it.5范文:But towards the end of the trip, something went wrong with the plane.During the last few minutes before the scheduled landing, the pilot lost contact with the Brussels airport.He began his approach to land, but at the last moment, he pulled the plane up.He circled the airport and prepared to try again.But, in the second try, he suddenly increased the speed and pulled the plane into a steep climb.In an instant, the plane hit the ground and exploded in a ball of flames.All the people on board were killed, including the 18 members of the United States figure skating team.7范文:My father is a most generous man and is always ready to help someone in need.Although he earns a small salary, he never turns away those friends and neighbors who come to him for financial help.He even gives generously to strangers.One time, he met a pitiable-looking old man on the street who said he couldn’t go home because he had lost all the money he had with him.Father took the old man to our home, gave him a meal and then sent him home with some money.Father’s generosity has earned him a lot of friends, as well as a good reputation.for this coverage.I appreciate your assistance in the regard.Sincerely yours______________ 9.写贺卡 Dear Mr.Wang.It is a great pleasure to learn of your admission to Cornell University.I heartily congratulate you on this honor.May you enjoy continued success in your future studies.SincerelyMike Hadley10写信给家里 Dear Mom.Thanks for your letter encouraging me to move forward when I feel homesick and blue.It is true that I am still adjusting to everything around me here on campus although it is already the beginning of the third month.I admire those of my classmate who seemingly need to make no adjustments and deal so well with everything around them.but don’t worry, Mom, I am catching up!I feel I’ve learned so much in the last couple of months.I am learning to do things by myself and feel great when I finish something independently.I have even learned to wash my own clothes!

Mom, I got an email account with hotmail yesterday and here it is: xgzhu@hotmail.com.You may send me a message in Dad’s laptop.I can receive it here in a couple of minutes.Amazing, isn’tit ? we may “talk” to each other via email now.Love

Silvia

第三篇：大学体验英语综合教程2

Unit 1PA牛津大学

牛津大学是英国最古老的大学，也是世界最著名的高等学府。牛津大学始建于12世纪。它位于英格兰的牛津，在伦敦西北约80公里处。

牛津大学有16,300多名学生（1999－2000），其中留学生占将近四分之一。他们来自130多个国家。牛津大学有35个学院，还有5个由不同宗教团体建立的私人学院。5个私人学院中，有3个只招男生。学院中，圣希尔达和萨默维尔学院只收女生，其他均为男女兼收。

牛津的每个学院都是独立于大学的实体，由该学院的院长和管委会成员负责管理。部分管委会成员都称为导师的学院教师，其余的是大学教授和讲师。每个学院管理自己的房产和资产，遴选自己的管委会，选择和招收自己的本科生。大学提供某些图书馆、实验室和其他设施，但教学和学生生活主要由各学院负责。

牛津大学给每个学生指定一个导师，他主要通过辅导课监督学生的学习。导师每周和1到2名学生见面一次，学生如需专业指导，还可以去约见其他的导师，也可选听大学老师讲授的课程。学生选听什么课程是根据自己的兴趣和导师的建议而定的。

学位由大学授予，而不是各个学院。最低文科或理科学位是优等文学学士。牛津还在其他众多学科领域授予最高的学位，颁发文凭和证书。

罗兹德奖学金面向美国、加拿大和很多其他国家的学生，为他们提供至少两年的牛津学习费用。英国政府为在牛津和其他英国境内的大学里求学的美国公民提供“马歇尔奖学金”。

然而，奖学金和助学金的竞争极其激烈，而且通常要求很严。学生们在申请某一项奖学金之前应仔细核查是否有资格，因为多数奖学金对学生国籍和（或）课程都有限制。

牛津师生员工积极参与主动招生的活动，2001年这种活动有55项以上，包括走访3,700所中学，以鼓励优秀学生报考牛津大学，而不管其背景如何。

在2001的“创新”竞赛中，牛津大学被授予英国最具创新精神的大学称号。该竞赛旨在发现哪一所英国大学在最广的领域内取得了创新和进取的最大成就。在2000年全英教学质量评估中，牛津在所评估的10个科目中有6科得分高居榜首。

牛津、斯坦福和耶鲁三所大学最近合作开发了 “远程学习”项目“终生学习联盟”，该项目将提供文科和理科的在线课程。

牛津的使命是在教学和研究的各个领域达到并保持领先地位，保持和加强其世界名校的历史地位，通过其研究成果和毕业生的技能促进地区、全国和全球的发展。

为了实现这个目标，学校将针对知识环境和整个社会发展的需要，为员工提供进行创新研究所需的设施和支持；提倡既富革新精神又严格认真的教学，使教学与研究环境卓有成效地互动从而推动教学；通过导师指导和小组学习加速思想的交流，通过开发学校图书馆、博物馆以及科学收藏方面的资源，使毕业生能在国内和国际上一展身手打下基础。

Unit 1PB“同学们，你们是最美好的希望” 以下是斯坦福大学校长在2001年9月21日开学典礼上的致辞。

各位家长，2005届的同学们：

下午好！欢迎各位来到斯坦福大学。今天，我们在此欢迎1717名新生和转学生的到来。

过去的10天，我一直颇费心思，不知这个开学典礼该用什么形式，我的发言要讲什么内容。9月11日上午以来，校园里异乎寻常的安静。除了两个纪念性的活动以外，所有的大型活动都取消了。我们在考虑怎样开始新学年，后来发现开学典礼实际上是恢复正常秩序的最佳方式。

同学们，你们代表了我们世界的未来与和平的最美的希望。美国人民和全世界所有善良的人们，不论长幼，都会为这场悲剧哀悼，会将这可怕的一天永远留存在记忆中，但面临挑战的更是你们这一代，而不是我们或是你们父母这一代，你们要建设一个世界，决不容许类似惨无人道的事件再次发生。

你们在这里求学的时光里，将会认识很多人，他们的背景、文化或者信仰可能与你们迥然不同，你们会发现自己的价值观以及偏见将会受到挑战。我们生活在一个多元的社会中，我希望你们能够从新的角度来理解和欣赏它，为世界做出建设性的贡献。

对你们每个人而言，这一时刻意味着人生翻开了新的篇章。从这一刻开始，你们将踏上一个更广阔世界的旅程，这一刻你们也将开始考虑作为一个公民你们未来应作的贡献。

当然，在这样的智慧之旅上，你们不是独行者。我们有出色的师资和员工，他们致力于求知与理解，将会在旅途中支持和鼓励你们。

你们能取得成就，达到人生中这个重要的转折点，我希望你们能引以为豪。我知道，你们中的每个人都曾经奋发努力才能来到这里，但我也感谢父母、家人、师长和朋友的贡献，他们曾为你踏上斯坦福之路给予支持。如果没有他们，这条路将会更加艰辛，也不会如此卓有成效。这些人在你们的生活中举足轻重，为你们提供了巨大的支持和鼓励，我谨邀请我们的新生以热烈的掌声对他们表示感谢。

同学们，我强烈希望你们能以无比的热情投入到斯坦福的旅程中来。我希望，这个美丽的校园会为你们提供一个理想空间，让你们沉思，找到灵感，以助你们更好的旅行。我也希望，你们能够找到一种智慧的追求，能够激励你们，让你们沉醉其中，能在深夜苦读，能够黎明即起，甚至连周末都不例外！我希望你们能找到一种激情，无愧于自己的天分，如此你们就能像我一样，找到足以令你穷尽一生追求的目标，而且充满热情，乐此不疲。

同学们，你们在斯坦福的旅程中将踏上什么样的道路，我无从预言，但我强烈希望你们能够遵循李兰德·斯坦福参议员在1891年的开学典礼上对第一届新生提出的要求来开始你们探索智慧的旅程：

大学可以为你们而建立；在此，你们可以利用各种优越的学习条件进行多年的学习。我们所能做的，只是把机会放在你们伸手可及的范围内；抓住机会，利用机会，得靠你们自己。

我欢迎所有的新生和家长来到我们的校园，并融入斯坦福家族。同学们，我希望你们在此渡过的时光能改变你们的生活，正如它改变了很多以前的校友的生活那样。最后，我希望你们在此度过的时光能够有助于你们打下良好的基础，以便你们能为人类做出贡献，为自己和后代创造更美好的未来。

Unit 2PA鼠标轻点，美梦成真

还有不到一个月就要毕业了，特里萨·史密斯还没找到合适的工作，她就读于位于伊利诺州埃文斯顿的西北大学。就业指导中心建议这位文科生去查查JOB-TRAK网站，该网站上列出了45,000个初级水平的职位。

史密斯选择了四个关键词：Chicago（芝加哥），business（商务），marketing（营销），full time（全职）。她马上就找到45个工作合乎她的标准，其中一个是芝加哥商业学院行政助理。四个星期以后，她得到了这份工作，底薪32,000美元。

“我没有受过任何训练，”史密斯说，“但因特网使用很简单。要是没有因特网，我根本不会知道有这份工作。”

不少美国人鼠标一点，就找到了自己的工作。史密斯是其中一个，另一个例子是斯蒂芬·图尔斯。

他住在马里兰州的罗科维尔，1996年无意中进到一个招聘网站CareerBuilder。他在一家生产商展展品的公司工作，刚被提升为营销总管，并不想换工作。但是出于好奇心，他决定“试试看”。

图尔斯填写了一份简历，关键词是market manager（行销经理），并输入了自己的电子邮箱地址。不到一个星期，他的邮箱里就塞满了可供选择的职位。他去了两家公司面试，然后就跳槽了。“有了因特网，就像雇了一个私人助理，”图尔斯说。“你可以毫不费劲地留意到一些机会，让你的事业上一个新台阶。”

仅在两年以前，因特网上提供的工作绝大部分还局限于高科技领域。现在，非技术性的工作，如售货员、银行职员、秘书等，是网上招聘机会增长最为迅速的部分。大型报纸和专业出版物的分类广告大多都有在线版，求职者能搜索到市内、国内甚至国外的一些工作机会。

马德琳·格拉格和内德扎德·多兹里克也是通过轻点鼠标，在网上碰到了好运。

1996年，圣路易斯的一名高中老师，28岁的马德琳·格拉格，想换个工作。有个朋友提到在日本教书的事，格拉格很感兴趣。

她访问了著名的yahoo！网站，输入了teaching English in Japan（在日本教英语），找到了一个招聘机会的列表，然后按照在线申请的要求提交了申请。一星期后，她接到一个电话，与芝加哥的一名招聘人员进行了面试，得到了这份工作。

27岁的内德扎德·多兹里克，当时在浏览Houston Chronicle网站，了解最新的棒球消息。在线时，他查看了分类广告，发现一家当地的汽车交易商招聘司机。多兹里克是波斯尼亚的战争难民，曾从事过多种不同的工作，但现在他想换个工作。他从该交易商的网站上了解了该职位的更多情况，然后拨通了上面提供的电话。两天后，他被雇用了。“真有意思，”他说，“我本来只是在查看体育消息，结果却找到了一份更好的工作。”

因特网的另一个好处在于你能够搜索到一些可能的雇主。1997年夏天，温蒂·梅洛开始找工作，她登录到CareerBuilder网站，发现在马里兰州哥伦比亚的Artitron媒体信息服务公司的人力资源部有一个空缺。梅洛鼠标一点，用电子邮件把简历寄到了该公司，很快就收到面试通知。

为了了解该公司的更多情况，她又点击了Artitron的主页，以及它的母公司Ceridian Corp.的主页，查看了一份该公司的报告及其财政状况。

梅洛还想了解，要想维持现有的生活水平，自己该赚多少钱。她使用在线薪酬计算器，把自己目前的收入$34,000输进去，再输入Baltimore（巴尔的摩，离哥伦比亚最近的大城市）。短短几秒钟后，电脑屏幕上就闪现出$44,000。“因为有了这个薪酬计算器，我才知道自己该要多少薪水，”梅洛说。

通过上网进入一家在线房地产服务公司网站，梅洛看到了可供租用的房子的彩色照片，包括很详细的楼面格局图。梅洛来到哥伦比亚时，她觉得自己完全做好了准备。面试成功了，第二天，她就得到了一份工作，薪金是47,8000美元。

“因特网很容易使用，而且确实有效，”一个求职者说道，“你还要什么呢？”

Unit 2PB我的第一份工作

两名杰出的美国人回忆他们第一份工作的经历路易斯·卡尔德拉：停车场的清洁工

我很小的时候，我父母就给我灌输了有关家庭、信念和爱国主义的观念。虽说生计艰难，他们对我和四个兄弟姐妹总是强调，我们很幸运，生活在一个伟大的国家，有无穷无尽的机会。

我开始做第一份正式工作时，才十岁。我父亲本杰明在一家纸箱工厂工作时，背部受伤，此后重新接受培训，成了一名理发师。那个购物中心的老板免去了父亲的部分租金，作为交换，父亲要清扫停车场，每星期三个晚上，这就意味着我们得凌晨三点起床。父亲用一台类似割草机的机器来收集垃圾，母亲和我就清空垃圾箱，用手捡垃圾。清扫完停车场要花两三个小时。回家途中，我就在车里睡着了。

这件事我只做了两年，但从中学到的东西却令我终生受益。我懂得了自我约束，培养了一种强烈的工作责任感，从小就懂得协调生活中相互矛盾的各种兴趣的重要性——对我而言，就是协调好上学、家庭作业和工作的关系。我上高中的最后一年，这个经历对我的帮助真的很大。那时我在一家快餐店做汉堡包，每周工作40小时，同时学习全部大学预科课程。

天道酬勤。我上了美国军事学院，接着又获得了哈佛的法学和商业两个硕士学位。后来，我加入了芝加哥一家大型律师事务所，并入选加州议会。不论是从事这些工作还是做别的任何事情，我从未忘记在停车场度过的那些夜晚。这种经历让我明白：所有的工作都有尊严，只要人们能自食其力，养家活口，就该受到尊重。

注：路易斯·卡尔德拉是美国第十七任陆军部长。

苏丝·奥曼：女餐厅服务员

我第一份工作是在当地一家叫小黄花面包房的餐厅工作，那年我22岁。我在那儿工作了七年，学到了很多东西，从工友海伦身上我学到的东西尤其多，她非常自爱，做着自己热爱的事情——为他人服务。她会让大家都微笑并心情舒畅，顾客和工友人人如此。

服务员这个工作改变了我的一生。我认识一个老主顾，电子产品销售员弗莱德·哈斯布鲁克。他总是点一份火腿加干酪煎蛋，我一看见他朝餐厅走来，就尽量在他刚坐下时就把一份煎蛋放在他的桌子上。

受了海伦的激励，我重新找到了自信，梦想开一家自己的饭店。我打电话问父母借钱，但他们说，“我们没有那么一笔钱。”

第二天，弗莱德见到我，问道，“怎么啦，阳光女孩？你今天没有笑啊。”我给他讲了我的梦想，对他说，“弗莱德，我知道我可以做得更多，只要有人相信我。”

他朝店里其他的一些常客走去。第二天，他递给我几张支票，总共有50,000美元，还有一张便条。上面写道，“这笔借款的唯一抵押是我相信你为人诚实。有梦想的好人应该有机会把梦想变为现实。” 那便条我一直保留至今

我把支票拿到Merrill Lynch证券公司，这是我平生第一次走进证券公司，让他们替我投资。同时，我继续在小黄花餐厅工作，计划着自己要开的饭店。然而，我的投资泡了汤，血本无归。

不知怎么的，我开始想象当一个股票经纪人会是什么样子。慎重考虑之后，我决定向Merrill Lynch证券公司求职。虽然我没有任何经验，他们还是雇用了我，我最终成了一名相当不错的经纪人。最后我偿还了弗莱德和其他顾客的那50,000美元，外加14％的年利。五年后我有能力开了一家自己的公司。

弗莱德写了封感谢信给我，这封信将永远铭刻在我的心中。他当时病倒了，说我的支票帮他付清了不断增加的医疗费用。他在信中写道，“那笔贷款，也许将是我一生中最好的一次投资。还有谁会投资在一个人格值百万的女店员身上，然后看着那笔投资成长为一位成功的职业女性呢？又有几个投资者有这种机会呢？”

注：苏丝·奥尔曼是财经畅销书作者，作品包括《掌握经济自由九步骤》和《勇敢做个

有钱人》等。

Unit 3PA广告的受害者

你可以说我是购物狂，朋友大都这样说我，不过我自认为是个时尚爱好者。坐在房间里，看着衣橱里所有的东西，我总是在想还有什么要买的。Abercrombie, Guess, J Crew, Ralph Lauren，还有其他名牌产品，充斥着我的房间，但我还想要更多。我从不考虑我买的东西是否物有所值，虽然我买东西一直都很“精明”，买的都是打折的商品。然而，我对将来要从事的营销领域了解越深入，就越明白自己原来是深受广告的左右。我想要的，我所买的，都受到杂志、电视或别的广告商的影响，它们在告诉我该买些什么。

人人都穿衣服，衣着可以展现个性，显示品味，定义性格，也可以只是为了满足基本的需求。对我而言，衣着在不同时期有不同的意义。小时候，妈妈给什么我就穿什么，要不就穿姐姐的旧衣服。我从不考虑衣着打扮，不过我喜欢穿得漂漂亮亮的。

初中时，像大多数女生一样，我开始在意自己的打扮。但从高中开始，广告对我产生了很大的影响。男生开始留意女生，每个女生都想打扮得漂漂亮亮。高中时衣着界定你的身份，并将你归入某一群体。穿Abercrombie牌的牛仔裤说明你是典型的美国女生，干净利落；穿Guess的衬衫说明你是富家千金，自命不凡，任何其他差一些的衣服都是不可接受的。

上大学后，广告又用另外的方式影响着我。大学里，最初通常没有人认识你，所以你想怎样穿戴都行。学生很多，而且什么人都有，以穿戴看人的情况越来越少，以个性判断人的情况越来越多。每个人都在成长、改变，开始为真正的自己定位。我和朋友们依然关注广告，不过现在不只是为了紧跟时尚，更多的是想找到自己的风格。在寻找个性的过程中，我所选择的衣服样式反映我，显示我的个性，表明我是哪种类型的人。

虽然我决心让衣服反映，而不是代表我本人，但广告还是在左右着我。虽然我看广告的目的是想了解最新潮流，可我还是会受到广告的潜在信息的影响。广告反映社会，也丰富了社会的含义。广告给我们看到的是我们身边的人，但他们只选择特定的类型。通过展现这一类人，广告将这极少数人定义为俊男美女。广告利用人们不甘人后的心理，怂恿我们去学这些俊男美女。我们想受人欢迎、想得到拥戴，这些心理正好被用来对付我们自己。人们向往变成别的模样，社会又推波助澜，广告就利用这些来影响我们去相信某些信息：要是穿戴与模特有差距，就不能算漂亮；要是不苗条，曲线不美，就没有吸引力；要是其貌不扬，就算性格再好，大多数人还是不会喜欢我们。

广告利用我们的弱点告诉我们什么最新潮，我们应该是什么样子，什么最酷，什么最热门。我们都想受人欢迎，魅力四射，这是人性使然，所以我们会对广告言听计从。这应该怪人们相信广告吗？还是该怪社会纵容广告误导人？我进入营销业之后，经常考虑的就是这些问题。利用人的不甘人后的心理来促进消费固然是件轻而易举的事，但这样做对吗？要想找出答案，我们就得退一步，不再读杂志，不再看电视。不然的话，我还是摆脱不了广告的左右。别的人也是如此。

Unit 4PA梦断魂萦

在纽约，美国花样滑冰队的18名成员踌躇满志地登上飞机。他们将飞往比利时的布鲁塞尔，在那儿转机，到（前）捷克斯洛伐克去参加在布拉格举办的世界花样滑冰锦标赛。站在比利时沙比那航空公司的707喷气机的舷梯上，全体成员合影留念。这批全美顶尖的滑冰运动员在照相机前笑脸盈盈，开心地笑着，眼睛里舞动着激动与兴奋。这将成为他们生命中珍贵的一刻。

机上有三对双人组合，其中两对是兄妹组合：希科克斯兄妹和哈德利兄妹，另一对是夫妻搭档，迪宁夫妇。但众星之中最耀眼的是一名单人滑选手。她叫劳伦斯·欧文，人称“劳利”。年仅16岁的她，两天前刚夺得北美花样滑冰女子冠军。劳利技巧娴熟，优雅无比，笑靥如花。

劳利出生于滑冰世家。母亲玛丽贝尔曾九次将美国花样滑冰冠军收入囊中。劳利还有一个姐姐，与母亲同名。玛丽贝尔·欧文20岁，实力不如劳利，但也刚刚获得美国双人滑大龄组的冠军。欧文家的三员女将都在飞往布鲁塞尔的航班上。

1961年2月14日下午7点30分，沙比那548号航班起飞了。飞越大西洋的航程是很惬意的。第二天一早，飞机飞临布鲁塞尔的机场，没有任何异常。驾驶飞机的路易斯·兰布莱奇机长，没有发出任何遇难信号。该地区没有暴风雨，也没有大风。事实上，天气很好，暖和而晴朗。

但驾驶员座舱肯定出了什么差错。在预定着陆的最后几分钟内，兰布莱奇机长没有与布鲁塞尔机场联系。快到上午十点时，他放下了起落架，开始着陆。但在最后一刻，他又把飞机机头拉起往上攀升。也许他看见另一架飞机正在起飞，害怕撞机。也许他已经知道他的飞机出了故障。不管怎么样，他绕着机场飞了一圈，再次尝试着陆。

兰布莱奇第二次出现了，飞过布鲁塞尔东北部的一个叫博格的村庄附近的农场，飞行了大约500英尺。突然他猛地提速，飞机急遽攀升。这时候，布鲁塞尔控制塔的官员们知道大事不妙了。“我们眼睁睁地看着惨剧发生，”有个官员说。“他们的反应够快的了，可是无能为力，”他说。

有个坐火车的人看见飞机出问题了。“飞机好像准备正常着陆，突然又攀升到天空，”他说。“然后掉了下来，像块大石头一样，接着我们就听见了爆炸声。”

10点05分，飞机撞到地面爆炸了，燃成了一团火球。还险些就撞上一排房子。机上72人全部遇难，其中包括49名美国人和11名机组人员。人们无能为力。失事现场一片狼藉。碎片散落到200码开外。烧焦的残骸以及肢体满地都是。机上的几对夫妇最后一次紧紧抱在一起。

这场空难震惊了全球滑冰界以及热爱花样滑冰的人们。滑冰界以前从来没有发生过类似的惨剧。为了纪念遇难者，布拉格的冠军赛取消了。

这次坠机对某些家庭尤其令人悲痛欲绝。欧文家三名女性全部丧生。除此之外，还有九个家庭至少痛失两名亲人。

明星们的希望和梦想在一瞬间破灭了。救援人员仔细搜寻了遇难现场，只找到三双已经烧焦的冰鞋，在残留的机翼上摇曳。

Unit 4PB刹那之间

1989年5月1日，凯蒂·普里查德正在把商店里买来的一包包东西从汽车的行李箱里卸下来，她的两个儿子托德和斯科特在车道上玩得很开心。他们住在新泽西州的拉姆齐城的一个死胡同里，所以凯蒂不用担心孩子们会跑到街上被汽车撞倒。但她经常警告三岁的托德，不要靠近铁路。铁路离房子不足300英尺，只隔着一片树丛。

凯蒂把第一批东西放好，又返回汽车旁去取剩下的袋子，她看到两个孩子还在玩。凯蒂也听到了一列客车飞驰而过的轰隆声。然后她又抱着另外一批购物袋走进屋子里。

虽然母亲事先警告过，托德和1岁半的弟弟还是被飞速行进的火车的汽笛声所吸引。他们走过树丛，跪在铁轨上玩。另一列火车正朝他们驶过来，两个小男孩却浑然不知。

西面一个小坡上，一列19节车厢的货车正在慢慢地爬上斜坡。司机里奇·坎帕纳看见正前方的信号灯显示“无障碍”。特快客车已经开出很远了。因此坎帕拉拉动调速手柄重新全速行驶。同在驾驶室里的还有老乘务员安东尼·福尔佐，他在铁路上已经干了17年了，这时在与坎帕拉闲聊。当火车到达坡顶的时候，两人注意到在前方约800码前方的铁轨上有东西。是什么呢？好像是两个包袱或是两个箱子——一个黄的一个红的。“然后黄的动了一下，”福尔佐说，“于是我们意识到这是两个孩子。”

坎帕纳猛地扳动火车刹车，拉响了警报器。福尔佐马上意识到火车速度太快，不可能适时停下来。他立刻冲出驾驶室，冲到窄窄的踏板上。他很快地朝机车的前部跑去，然后顺着钢梯爬到最后一格。他悬在火车的前面，离路基大约两英尺。他发狂般朝孩子们挥手大喊，要他们离开路轨。他们没有动。福尔佐后来说，他们只是抬头看了看，“好像我们能绕过他们似的。”

与此同时，凯蒂听到了警报声，也听到火车紧急刹车的刺耳声音。她往外跑去，心咚咚直跳。她一眼就看到出了什么事儿了。托德和斯科特不见了。她知道他们俩肯定在铁路上。

福尔佐想过跳下火车，跑到前面去救两个小男孩。但他知道，就算火车减速了，自己也肯定跑不过火车。所以这位35岁的前体操运动员想出了另外一个方案。他决定在火车靠近孩子们的时候跳下火车。这样他就可能把两个孩子抓起来，及时把他们拖下轨道。但福尔佐得把跳车的时间计算得很精确。跳得太早，火车就会把他掀倒到孩子们身上。跳得太晚，火车就会把孩子们碾到车轮底下。

所幸福尔佐的时间可算是相当精确。在千钧一发之际，他跳下火车，跨了两大步，一把抓住孩子们。他把托德和斯科特分别夹在腋下，又迅速将他们摁倒在路基的砂石里。火车经过时，其边缘离他们的头顶仅几英寸。

火车终于停下来了，第三节车厢就停在他们头顶上几英寸的地方。孩子们安然无恙。幸运的是，斯科特的擦伤并不严重。缝了13针之后，他就完全没事了。凯蒂·普里查德说，“对托尼（福尔佐）的救命之恩，我们将永远感激不尽。韦氏大字典里也找不到一个词能表达这种感情。”

Unit 5PA奉告学子：教育是关键

比尔·盖茨

每年都有数以百计的学生给我发电子邮件，要我就接受教育给他们提建议。他们想知道该学些什么，或者可不可以从大学辍学，因为我就没有读完大学。

也有不少家长给我写信，为子女寻求指导。他们问：“我们怎样才能把孩子引向成功之路？”

我的基本忠告很简单，而且是发自内心的：全力获得最佳教育，充分利用高中和大学，学会如何学习。

不错，为创建微软，我未完成大学学业，不过辍学之前我已经在哈佛呆了三年，而且我真心希望有一天能重返校园。以前我也说过，谁也不应该辍学，除非他坚信自己正面临着一个一生仅有一次的机会，但就算在那个时候也还是应该深思熟虑。

在俄亥俄州教六年级的老师凯西·克里德兰写道，“我的好几个学生声称你根本没有读完高中。因为你成功了，我的学生就觉得他们也可以不必要接受良好的教育。”

我高中毕业了的!

计算机行业中确实有很多人没有读完大学，但是我从来没有见过有谁高中没读完就成功创业的。确切地说，我认识的人当中根本没有高中辍学的，更没有高中辍学后事业成功的。

我的公司创立早期，有一个相当出色的兼职程序员，声称要从高中辍学来做全职。我们叫他不要这么做。

我们公司里确实有好些人没有读完大学，但我们不希望人们辍学。谁要想在我们公司谋职，有毕业证书肯定会优先考虑。

不一定只有在大学才能获取信息，在图书馆也可以学习。但人家递给你一本书并不能自动地让你学到东西。你需要向别人学习，提问题，将设想付诸实施，设法验证自己的能力。这一切，往往不是读一两本书就可以做得到的。

接受的教育应该是广泛的，虽然对某些领域情有独钟也不失为一件好事。

读高中时，我有一段时间醉心于软件编写，但大部分时间里，我的学习兴趣相当广泛。我父母鼓励我这么做，对此我感激不尽。

大学期间，我修了很多不同的课程，但我从头至尾只选修了一门计算机课。我读书涉猎很广。

有位家长写信说，她15岁的儿子“钻进计算机无底洞里了”。他的网站设计课得了“A”，但别的科目分数都在下降，她写道。

这个孩子犯了一个错误。高中和大学给你提供了最佳机会，你可以广泛学习——数学，历史，各种学科——有机会跟着别的孩子一起做项目，亲身感受到群体的动力。你对计算机、舞蹈、语言或其他任何的科目有深入的兴趣也无可厚非，但太偏执而舍弃学习广度就不是一件好事了。

如果高中阶段兴趣过于集中，你会面临两个问题。第一个就是进了大学以后你很可能没法改变。另一个问题就是如果分数不够高，你就很难考入大学，而无法向那些积极性很高，很有才能的学生一起学习，他们可以真正帮助你了解这个世界。

大学期间可以适当考虑专业的问题。深入掌握自己感兴趣的领域的专业知识，能够引导你走向成功，除非这个专业没有发展前途，或者你并不很擅长这个方面。读研究生是获取专业知识的一个途径，虽然从纯经济角度来看，大学毕业后再接受教育不一定算是明智的投资。

Unit 5PB克里斯托弗·里夫 —— 真正的超人

他“比飞驰的子弹还快，比火车头更有力，轻轻一跃就能跳上高大的建筑物。”他就是全世界最伟大的超极英雄。1977年，克里斯托弗·里夫出演超人系列电影，全国观众欢呼喝彩。克里斯托弗活跃、英俊、强壮，一如影片中的超人，而且似乎战无不胜。他滑雪，驾船，驾驶飞机，潜水，骑马，打网球，无一不是技艺高超，挥洒自如。谁也无法想象克里斯托弗会是另外一种样子。

1995年5月27日，一切都改变了。当时克里斯托弗和妻子达纳·莫罗西尼带着年幼的儿子威尔住在弗吉尼亚州。他参加了一项为期三天的马术比赛。他的坐骑“东方快车” 看上去状态颇佳。42岁的克里斯托弗也显得同样神采奕奕，气定神闲。

对克里斯托弗而言，比赛进行得很顺利，虽没有名列前茅，但也没有落到最后。但在一场两英里的障碍赛中，第三次跨越障碍时，马和骑手之间不知怎么失去了默契。“东方快车”突然停了下来，可是克里斯托弗还在继续前行，他身子飞过马的头顶，头部着地摔了下来：一动不动，甚至没有呼吸。

克里斯托弗颅腔底部的脊柱折断了，颈部以下瘫痪。他不能说话，甚至不能自己呼吸。当时医生们认为他的生存几率只有百分之五十。

绝望攫住了克里斯托弗·里夫的心。他想，也许放弃生存的努力是最佳的方案。死亡似乎是最不费劲、痛苦最少的一件事。他想放弃生存对家人而言也是最佳方案。但这时他看见妻子达纳站在他身边，对他说：“你依然是你。我爱你。”

从那一刻开始，克里斯托弗一心只想着活下去。他鼓起勇气，开始为生命而战斗。几天以后，克里斯托弗接受了手术，术后他的上半身恢复了一些知觉。不过，医生们仍然不乐观。他可能永远不能再走路了。他也许永远就只能靠着呼吸器来呼吸了。

克里斯托弗要证明医生们错了。首先，他想靠自己呼吸。事故过后五个月，他要求拿掉呼吸器。他只勉强地呼吸了十次就得重新连上呼吸管。克里斯托弗毫不气馁，第二天又多呼吸了几次。到第四天的时候，他不用帮助可以呼吸七分钟了。三个月以后，他可以一次持续90分钟。1995年底，他已经可以回家了。

在那以后不久，克里斯托弗觉得自己已经做好准备，可以重新面对世界了。他有话要说。他想告诉人们，不论面对怎样的挑战，都不能放弃。他开始频频在公众场合出现。在多伦多作过激扬的演说，在波士顿大学毕业典礼上进行过讲演。不论克里斯托弗出现在哪里，人们都起立喝彩，很多人甚至泪流满面。

与此同时，克里斯托弗也重新开始工作。很显然，他不可能再去扮演以前的角色了，于是转而执导。他的处女作影片《暮色如斯》证明创作灵感并没有离他而去。

虽然克里斯托弗很坚强，但也还是有不顺心的时候。事故后的一年里，他面临着血栓问题，后来又得了肺炎。有一天做理疗时，他摔在地上，折断了一条胳膊。

每天他都要与自身现实做斗争。“早晨，我需要20分钟去哭泣，”他对一个记者说。在梦中和儿子奔跑玩耍，梦醒之后他需要20分钟来“清醒和调整···”

但擦干眼泪后，克里斯托弗总会悄声说：“好了，前进！”这些话证明，尽管他无法控制自己的身体，但仍拥有他的勇气，他的精神，他的内在力量。在这个意义上，他依旧是——也将永远是——超人！

Unit 6PA永不放弃

人们劝他引退，说他天分不够，但是花样滑冰选手保罗·怀利拒绝放弃。

1992年冬奥会闭幕后，保罗·怀利抵达华盛顿。走下飞机时，欢迎的人群开始鼓掌。他差点停下了脚步。谁在后面呀？他心里嘀咕。虽说有银牌在囊中，他怎么也不敢相信这掌声是献给他的。从那一刻起，保罗意识到自己的生活从此永远地改变了。

这位27岁的花样滑冰运动员在法国的阿尔贝维尔获得了银牌，从此走向全新的生活。1988年的卡尔加里冬奥会上，他表现平平，只得了第10名，可如今他再也不是在大型赛事中举止失措的无名小卒了；1991年的世界锦标赛上，保罗比赛完后，裁判建议他退出冰坛，“给年轻选手让位”，如今再也听不到这样的建议了。

跟踪报道1991年冬奥会选拔赛的记者们曾问他“你来这儿干什么？”，如今再也不会有这种别有用心的提问了。他再也不是美国冠军托德·埃尔德雷奇的手下败将，再也不会被三度问鼎世界冠军宝座的加拿大运动员库尔特·布朗宁甩在身后。

现在保罗·怀利成了奥运英雄。虽然有些人对他没有信心，建议他放弃，可他仍然勇往直前。虽然这个刚出校门的哈佛毕业生经常幻想，离开严酷的冰上训练生活会是怎样，但依然苦苦坚持着；这个年轻人发现：不管途中有多少障碍，要经历多少次失败，目标终能实现，而且他证明了这一点。

保罗说：“闭幕式上我接受采访，有个记者对我说，‘你来时不为人知，归时却名扬四海’。我觉得这话很有意思，因为我当时在法国，根本不知道美国电视是怎么报道这次法国之旅的。走下飞机，我才意识到人们把我当成了英雄。他们对我的看法改变了，因为我们获胜了。他们的看法改变了，因为我坚持不懈并且得了银牌，虽然没什么人看好我。”

有时，保罗也几乎不看好自己了。“92年冬奥会两个月前，《今日美国》对运动员们进行了一次调查，问道，你经常考虑退役吗？选项有：‘每年’、‘每月’、‘每周’。”

“我写的是‘每天’，因为要坚持下去实在是太难了。但我还是下定决心要坚持下去，决不放弃，我要全力拼搏。”

1992年在阿尔贝维尔，事情完全改观了。保罗说：“我的经历使人们热泪盈眶，因为结果出人意料。这同时也改变了我的生活，我看着自己的冰上生涯从此被改写，变得精彩纷呈。其实也可能会是另一种结局：多年的努力化为乌有，结果令人大失所望。”

手中拿着奖牌，保罗突然进入到一个全新的世界：财源不断的签约、花样滑冰巡回赛、独家采访、追星族要求签名。总之，凡是一个声名雀起的英雄能得到的一切他都得到了，但保罗认为这一头衔值得称道的东西远不在此。

保罗说：“无私的奉献能造就真正的英雄；用自己的经历和行为激励别人上进，变得更高尚，也算是一种英雄。我认为我没有无私地奉献，但上帝用我的生活经历去激励了别的人。”

保罗还说，英雄是需要日日维护的。要达到完美的地步，滑冰选手需苦练每个细小的动作，日复一日不能懈怠，英雄也一样，应该日日奉献，而不只是在危机关头或者在众人瞩目之时才有所作为。

收藏多年之后，奥运奖牌会退去它最初的光泽；若是不再关注别人的需要，英雄也会失去其知名度。和成千上万的人们一同观看盐湖城冬奥会时，保罗很清楚，每个胜利的背后，每次打破记录的背后，都有无数日日坚持不懈英雄的故事，那种永不放弃的英雄故事。

Unit 6PB找到平衡

顺其自然，既解饿又解馋。

我从小就胖乎乎的，长大后也一直超重。因为我比别的孩子重，常有人嘲笑我，因此我很害羞，很难为情。我曾经节食过好几次，但没有一次成功，最后体重反而增加。体重增加的另外一个因素是我热爱烹饪，我特别喜欢做一些油腻、脂肪含量很高的甜点，吃就更不用说了。

18岁高中毕业时，我体重达到了215磅。我自信全无，不敢离家去外地的新学校，就决定不去上大学，在家呆着。我没有改变不健康的饮食习惯，体重一直上升，我越来越不开心，可是我没有采取任何行动，只是衣服尺码越买越大。

我的生活出现转折点是在10年以后。那是我最胖的一段时间，体重高达330磅，我在朋友家参加新年除夕聚会。我看见镜子里的自己，被看到的情景吓坏了：我超重，很不健康，要是再不采取任何措施的话，我会越来越胖，越来越不开心的。

聚会后，我回顾以往的屡次减肥，发现之所以不成功是因为节食需要我放弃我所钟爱的食物。这样我就老想着食物和狂欢，最后干脆完全放弃节食。要是我顺其自然，食物照样吃，但份量少一点，这样的话我就可以既解饿又解馋。

最大的挑战在于，如何找到一个办法，既能满足我对烹饪的热爱，又能保持较为健康的生活方式。一开始，我尽量远离厨房，压抑自己不去想吃的。结果呢，满脑子里想的全是吃的。总该有办法把烹饪和健康的饮食结合起来吧。看了几本低脂肪食谱之后，我找到了解决办法。我不断尝试，把自己最爱吃的饭菜加以修改，使其脂肪含量降低但美味依然。

体重开始下降。我开始进行体育活动（心肺功能锻炼和减肥训练，每周五次）以后，效果更是惊人。我不觉得苦，我觉得我该给我的身体应有的关心和注意。

接下来的两年之内，我减了165磅。期间有起有落，有时也会停滞不前，可我下定决心坚持到底。还有一个挑战，就是不要因为吃了什么不健康的食物就去过分自责，以为自己放弃了健康的习惯。相反，我发誓重新开始，时刻不忘自己的目标。

体重下降了，体形好了，我又能坦然面对自己和我的身体了。我的梦想是帮助别人意识到制作和食用低脂肪食品既简便，又好处良多。我已经出版了一本介绍低脂肪食谱的书，主持了很多关于健康饮食的讨论会。我既然已经知道，我下定决心就能达到目的，我的梦想已不再遥不可及。我终于找回了自我。锻炼时间安排

跑步、爬楼梯、踏板健身操或者跆拳道：每周5次，每次60分钟减肥训练：每周3次，每次30分钟

保持成果小建议

1、运动第一。锻炼后，饮食习惯往往更加健康。

2、减肥并不用强迫自己不吃喜欢的食物。你可以照吃不误，少

吃一点就行。

3、犯了小错可不用过分自责。尽快回到正常的运动和饮食方案

上来，原谅自己。

最近你注重健康了吗？

Unit 1 Passage A 1.Anyone over the age of 18 is eligible to vote.2.A form to apply for these scholarships is sent by the university to each student before the start of each semester.3.On the advice of my doctor, I decided to give up smoking.4.The park is located right in the center of town.5.The university provides all the materials and facilities we desire.Passage B 1.He knew in his heart that they would never meet again.2.He finally felt that he was on the road to success after they agreed to publish his first book.3.He stopped to take a sip of water and then resumed speaking.4.The big project engages us so much that we can’t manage to take a holiday this year.5.Just as water is the most important of liquids, oxygen is the most important of gases.Unit 2 Passage A 1.The policemen are busy filling out forms about the accident.2.I want to fill up the fuel tank before returning the car.3.If you want to make a complaint, you’d better follow the correct procedure.4.We couldn’t have finished the experiment so soon without John’s help.5.After the storm, the people on the shore anxiously scanned the lake for any sign of the boat.Passage B 1.I’m not supposed to let anyone in without an ID card, but I’ll make an exception in your case.2.He has learned his lesson from the failure and won’t repeat the mistake.3.I have great faith in your ability------I’m sure you’ll succeed.4.Even though it was raining, we still went on with our match.5.I woke up to find myself lying on a hospital bed.Unit 3 Passage A 1.We need to cut down on our fuel consumption by having fewer cars on the road.2.The rise in power costs has added to our burden.3.You should judge by yourself, and not always follow your brother’s lead.4.That hairstyle is in fashion this year, but I am afraid it will be out of fashion next year.5.We are fated to suffer from many failures in our quest for truth.Passage B 1.I find it increasingly difficult to live within my income.2.Modern politicians try to reach out to ordinary people in their TV speeches.3.Pupils should be helped to adopt a positive attitude to life.4.Everyone in the class is expected to participate in these discussions.5.If you commit a crime you must expect to be punished.Unit 4 Passage A 1.She waited at the bus stop until the last bus came in.2.If there is any way we can be of assistance, please do not hesitate to contact us.3.How many crew does he need to sail his yacht? 4.I enjoyed her new book though it’s not quite as good as her last one.5.Never before have I met such a kind person.Passage B 1.The bus slowed down and stopped to allow the passenger to get on board.2.Many vehicles rolled by, but no one offered us a ride.3.Please get off the grass.4.He made his way to the marketplace right after work, as his wife had asked him to do.5.Luckily, Steve didn’t break any bones when he fell off his bike.Unit 5 Passage A 1.We have to put aside our emotions and take it from a professional standpoint.2.The play was so wonderful that I soon lost myself in the excitement of it.3.She hasn’t got any hobbies------unless you call watching TV a hobby.4.He said that he had got the information first-hand from the Mayor himself.5.Since you can’t answer the question, perhaps we’d better ask someone else.Passage B 1.All the passengers pitched forward because the bus driver braked sharply.2.This agreement will break through the obstacles to free trade.3.The taxi arrived soon after I rang for it.4.My parents always waited up for me no matter what time I got home.5.Talks between the two countries completely broke down, because neither of them wanted to give in.Unit 6 Passage A 1.It’s a difficult job, but I’d like to have a shot.2.This is a book about business practice as opposed to theory.3.Social activities never get in the way of her studies.4.It was not until 1911 that the first of the vitamins was identified.5.Natural disasters have obviously contributed to the country’s economic crisis.Passage B 1.Our marriage is happy but we’ve had many ups and downs.2.Many teachers of foreign languages are inclined to talk too much themselves in class.3.The famous actor keeps fit by working out for an hour every morning.4.After a long heart-to-heart talk with him, he r suspicion melted away.5.We have no vacancies now, but we’ll certainly keep your application in mind.Unit 7 Passage A 1.He did not regret what he had said but felt that he could have expressed it differently.2.We’d better wait till 14 December.David will have had his exam by then, so he’ll be able to go on holiday with us.3.He’s working on a new project which has to be finished by the end of the year.4.They are letting us use their lab, and in return, we are sharing with them the results of our research.5.The typing of the term paper took up the whole day.Passage B 1.They sold their house and went off to live in Canada with their daughter.2.---What will you be doing this time next week?---I’ll be working as usual.3.He was intelligent and hard-working and before long he took over the editing of the magazine.4.Don’t you hate it when someone hangs up on you before you finish speaking? 5.To their horror, the roof of their house caught fire.Unit 8 Passage A 1.In pursuit of a healthier diet, people are eating more fish than they used to.2.We need to have the roof repaired before the bad weather sets in.3.The disease is spreading, and all young children are at risk.4.The information is transmitted from one computer to another through a telephone line.5.Jack is a fairly good runner.He wins more often than not.Passage B 1.If you delete 50 words, we can put the whole story on one page.2.On display were boxing gloves which bore the famous boxer’s signature.3.We can’t figure out why he did such a dumb thing.4.The Johnsons were very kind to me.They make me feel like one of the family.5.They say they want to talk to you in connection with the details of the contract.

第四篇：大学体验英语综合教程2 第三版 Unit 4 电子教案

Unit 4

Calamities and Rescues Objectives:

★ first listen, and then talk about traffic accidents ★ read about calamities and rescues

★ write to describe how an airplane crash takes place ★ practice the use of subject clauses ★ write to apply for holiday insurance ★ visit Culture Salon for an introduction to the Red Cross

I Passage A

Death of a Dream

1.Summary

In 1961 the 18 members of the US figure skating team boarded a plane to travel to Belgium on their way to the world championships in Czechoslovakia.As the plane approached Brussels, the weather was good, but something was wrong with the plane.Twice it descended as if to land but pulled up and ascended again.The second time it exploded and crashed to the ground.All 72 people on the plane were killed and there were ten families that had lost at least two dear members.The crash site was a scene of total destruction.Later three pairs of melted skates were found dangling from one of the wings.The competition in Prague was canceled to honor the dead.Never before had such a terrible tragedy occurred in the sport of skating.2.Language Points 1.championship: a competition held to determine the champion;position of a champion Examples:

An American team won the pairs championships.They won the men’s and women’s singles championships respectively.2.beam: smile brightly and happily Examples:

He is beaming with delight.He beamed inside.3.dazzling: showing skill, qualities or beauty Examples:

She gave him a dazzling smile.She has a dazzling diamond.4.senior: older in years;higher in rank, authority, etc.Examples:

Mr.Gray is a senior officer in this bank.He is too senior to try for a young man’s job.5.bound: ready to start, having started(for)Examples:

They were on the New York express, bound for Maine.That ship is bound for South America.6.distress: a state of danger or great difficulty Examples:

If the storm continues on the mountain, the climber will be in distress by morning.The lifeboat went out to rescue a ship in distress.7.signal:

(n.)something intended to warn, command, or give a message Examples:

A red light is often used as a danger signal.American Indians used to occasionally send smoke signals.(v.)send a signal or signals to Examples:

The general signaled to his officers for the attack to begin.She was signaling wildly, waving her arms.8.contact: get in touch with somebody Examples:

I shall contact you by telephone.I must contact my lawyer before I make my fi nal decisions.9.lower: move or let down in height Examples:

Lowering the window shade will keep out the sun.He sat quite still, with his gaze lowered to the carpet.10.approach:(n.)movement towards or near to something Examples:

Our approach drove away the wild animals.With the approach of the Spring Festival the weather turned cold.(v.)come near or nearer Examples:

Walk softly as you approach the bed.I saw a figure approaching towards me.11.collision: an accident in which two or more people or vehicles hit each other while moving in different directions Examples:

The liner is reported to have had a collision with an oil tanker.The two cars were broken into pieces in the collision.12.in any case: whatever happens Examples:

In any case, I shall return in a day or two.In any case, I would insist upon your being paid.13.crash:

(n.)a violent vehicle accident Examples:

There have been a lot of crashes lately.All the passengers were killed in the plane crash.(v.)fall or strike suddenly, violently and noisily Examples:

I heard the dinner tray crash to the floor.Standing on the beach, I could hear the waves crashing against the rocks.14.rear: raise;lift up Examples:

A lion suddenly reared its head from among the tall grass.The skyscraper rears above the neighboring buildings.15.explode: burst or cause to burst violently and noisily Examples:

The boiler exploded and many people were injured by the hot steam.He pumped the ball up too much and it exploded.16.scatter: separate or cause to separate widely Examples:

A flock of birds scattered when the shot was fired.The government scattered the factories instead of concentrating them in a single area.17.stun: shock into helplessness Examples:

He was stunned by the unfairness of their judgment.She was stunned by the news of her father’s death 18.tragic: very sad;unfortunate Examples:

The tragic accident took eight lives.The driver of the car made a tragic mistake.19.comb through: search something thoroughly Examples:

The students spent many hours in the library, combing through old books looking for facts they wanted.He combed through the files searching for evidence of fraud.20.wreckage: the broken parts of a destroyed thing Examples:

After the accident, the wreckage of the cars was removed from the highway.The shore was covered with the wreckage of the destroyed ship

1.championship: a competition held to determine the champion;position of a champion Examples: