book 1 unit4 教案（精选合集）

第一篇：book 1 unit4 教案

Book1Unit Four

Text A I New Words 1 wrinkled having or showing small folds or lines in the skin 有皱纹的

Wrinkled is chiefly used of a person or a person's skin, but it may also apply to certain objects that have raised folds or lines on them.Examples: a very old woman with a wrinkled face wrinkled socks She looked over her shoulders to make sure her dress wasn't wrinkled at the back.2sickly often ill 常病的

A sickly person is weak, unhealthy, and often ill over a long period of time, while a sick person is one who has become ill for the moment.3possess own, have 拥有，具有

Possess means “own” or “have”, but possess is preferred to “own” or “have” in law as implying one's having full right to something;thus, a husband and wife might say that they “own” a house when legally only the husband possesses it.Besides, a person possesses, not “owns”, a characteristic, a quality, a power, etc.Examples: He never possessed much money, but he always possessed good health.She possesses the qualities of a wise leader.4generation a single stage or step in family descent 代，一代

Apart from being used of people, generation applies also to a stage of development in the design and manufacture of machines or equipment.Examples: This photo shows three generations: my parents, my grandparents and myself.When a new generation of computers comes out, the price of older ones drops dramatically.5forbear(usu.pl.)祖先 6bundle(of)a number of articles tied, fastened or held together, usu.across the middle 捆，束，包 Examples: a bundle of sticks(that are tied together)a bundle of clothes(that are wrapped up in a cloth or sheet)He had a bundle of newspapers under his arm.The books were tied in bundles of twenty.7laundry 1.clothes, sheets, etc., that need to be washed or have just been washed 付洗衣物；已洗好的衣物

Examples: There's not much laundry this week.Do you do laundry today? 2.a place or business where clothes, etc., are washed and ironed 洗衣房，洗衣店 Examples: There's a self-service laundry on the street corner.He works at the hospital laundry.8accumulate gradually increase in numbers or amount until there is a large quantity in one place 积累，积聚

When you accumulate things or when they accumulate, you collect or gather them, or they increase in number or amount, over a period of time.Examples: He has accumulated a large collection of books over the last thirty years.Snow soon accumulated on the road, and the traffic was slowing down.9launder wash and iron clothes, sheets, etc.洗烫衣物 Examples: Send these shirts to be laundered.Washing machines have made laundering much easier.10endure suffer, undergo（pain, hardship, etc.）忍受(痛苦、困难等)，耐住

Endure usually refers to long-continued sufferings and suggests strength and firmness of mind.Examples: It's hard to endure a toothache.I cannot endure to see children suffer.11bless(with)使具有，使有权得到

If someone is blessed with a particular quality or skill, they have this quality or skill which is admired or which is an advantage to them.Examples: I have always been blessed with a good appetite.He is blessed with a good ear for languages;he speaks three fluently.12bear take(responsibility, etc.)on oneself 承担(责任等)Examples: The President has to bear the blame.Do the bride's parents have to bear the cost of the wedding? 13wedding a marriage ceremony, esp.with a party or meal after a church service 婚礼 14bride新娘

Other related words: bridegroom 新郎/bridesmaid 女傧相/best man 男傧相 15stubbornness

stubborn(the noun form of stubborn)倔强；顽强

1.顽固的，倔强的 2.顽强的，坚持的

When used of people and their actions or behavior, stubborn often shows disapproval.Someone who is stubborn is determined to do what they want and very unwilling to change their mind.Examples: He's too stubborn to apologize.She's as stubborn as a mule--never will she compromise.The reform policy met some stubborn resistance.Stubborn stains(污迹)can be removed using a small amount of this soap powder.16stagger have trouble standing or walking;move unsteadily on one's feet, esp.because one is injured, tired or drunk 摇晃；蹒跚

an unsteady movement of a person having trouble walking or standing 摇晃；蹒跚 Examples: He staggered to the door, bleeding from his wounds.He picked up the heavy suitcase and started off with a stagger.17catastrophe a sudden, unexpected, and terrible event that causes great suffering, misfortune, or ruin

灾难，灾祸，大祸

Catastrophe is often used of an event or a situation that brings with it a violent social or political upheaval(动荡);it emphasizes the idea of an end.Examples: The flood last summer was a catastrophe.In the Greek mythology, Cassandra was a princess of Troy who could predict catastrophes.The captain's folly hastened the catastrophe.18collapse(健康等)垮掉；倒坍

Collapse literally means suddenly fall down or fall inwards.When a person collapses, he suddenly falls down because he feels tired, weak or ill, or because he becomes unconscious.Examples: The roof collapsed under the weight of snow.He collapsed in the street and died on the way to hospital.19premonition预感

A premonition is a feeling that something is about to happen, often something unpleasant, even though one does not have a rational reason for believing it.Examples: My premonition was right.As we approached the house, I had a premonition that something terrible had happened.20mourn(for, over)feel and/or show grief, esp.for the death of someone;be sorrowful(对某人的亡故)感到悲痛；表示哀悼

If you mourn someone, mourn for(or over)someone, or mourn someone's death, you are very sad because they have died and you show how sad you are in the way that you behave.Examples: She mourned(for or over)her child for many years.The time to mourn my father's death is near.Mourn is also used of something that you like but you no longer have or you can no longer hope to have.Examples: I mourned for the loss of my precious youth.We all mourned the destruction of the well-loved building.21faithfully(the adverb form of faithful)1.with faith 忠实地

2.exactly 如实地；确切地

22faithful 1.loyal and true(to someone, to a cause, etc.)忠实的，忠诚的2.true to the facts or to an original 如实的 Examples: He is faithful in word and deed.I am a faithful listener to your program.a faithful report a faithful translation 23puff a sudden short rush of air, smoke, etc.一阵，一股(空气、烟雾等)Examples: a puff of breeze a puff of smoke 24totter walk with weak unsteady steps 蹒跚，踉跄

Totter usually suggests great physical weakness as that associates with infancy, extremely old age, or disease.Examples: The child tottered across the room.The old lady tottered down the stairs.25linen 亚麻(布)的

亚麻布(或线)；亚麻织品（床单、被单、桌布等）

Linen is often used to refer to tablecloths, napkins, sheets, pillowcases and similar things made of cloth that are used in the house.Examples: a white linen towel/bed linen/table linen Don't wash your dirty linen in public.(Proverb, meaning “Don't discuss or argue about unpleasant personal or private things in front of other people.)26utter make a(sound);say 发出(声音);说，讲

Utter stresses the use of the voice and the act of putting into spoken words with no emphasis on why something is said or what is said.Examples: The first sound a child utters is usually “ ma”.He uttered her name in his dream.27unload 1.have(a load)removed 卸(货)2.remove a load from(something)

从...卸下货物,卸货 Examples: Have you unloaded the parcel from the car? The plane unloaded the passengers at the terminal.Their business is to load and unload aircraft.Let's unload the mule.The ship will unload tomorrow.28mumble speak(words)unclearly in a quiet voice, without opening the mouth wide enough 含糊地说，咕哝 Examples: He mumbled a few words and went off.Don't mumble;I can't understand what you're saying.29sunken sunk 下陷的；凹陷的

A person's face or body that is sunken seems to curve inwards, especially because of illness or old age.Examples: His cheeks are sunken.sunken eyes 30recover(from)return to the usual state of health, strength, ability, etc.痊愈，复原； 恢复 Examples: She's gradually recovering from her illness.He had not yet recovered from the shock.31somewhat by some degree or amount;a little 稍微，有点 Examples: I was somewhat annoyed by his words.My feelings towards my hometown have changed somewhat.32inform(of, about)tell, give information to 告诉，通知 Examples: If you saw the accident please inform the police.I was informed about this meeting only an hour ago.I informed her that I was unwell and could not come to her party.33contribute join with others in giving(money, help, etc.)捐(款)，贡献，提供（帮助）Examples: We contributed clothing for the flood victims.Everyone is called on to contribute ideas.The new policy greatly contributed to the economic development in this region.34resume begin(something, or doing something)again after a pause(中断后)重新开始，继续

Examples: We resumed our discussions after a short rest.Please don't resume reading the text until I tell you to.35mutter 轻声含糊地说

Compare mutter and murmur: To mutter means you say something quietly especailly when you are annoyed about something.When you murmur something you say it very quietly, so that not many people can hear what you are saying.Examples: The customer muttered his dissatisfaction.She muttered a few words to me.”I love you,“ he murmured as their lips met.36load 一包(洗的衣服)；负荷，负载

装(货或人)；把货物(或人)装上(车、船、飞机等)Load is used either as a noun or a verb.Examples: Your words took a load off my mind.As the eldest son of the family, he is ready to bear a heavy load of responsibility.These trucks are loaded with coal.Have you loaded the camera(with film)? If you refer to a load of something, you are referring to a large amount of it and emphasizing that it is large.Examples: We've talked about a load of things.He has a load of friends.37property财产；所有物 Examples: His property will be divided equally among his children.This machine is a government property.Note that property is often used to refer to a house and its garden, or to a piece of land owned by a person or an institution, and the building or buildings that are on it.Examples: He's got his own property.(= his own house)There was a dam at one edge of the property.(= the piece of land)38fulfil do or perform(a duty, task, etc.)履行，完成

Fulfil implies a full realization of what is until now a concept, a plan, etc.or what exists potentially.Examples: The law has fulfilled its intended end.A nurse has many duties to fulfil in caring for the sick.They failed to fulfil their promise to revive the economy.39 undertake accept responsibility for(a piece of work)and start to do it 承担 Examples: I want you to undertake all the arrangements.We could undertake the work for the time being.II Phrases 1 lean on(or against)rest in a sloping position on for support靠在…上，倚在…上 Examples The old man stopped and leaned on his stick for a moment to recover.We have to lean heavily on our parents for financial support.2count out count one by one 逐一数出 Examples The old lady counted out thirty pence and gave it to the shop assistant.3be blessed with be fortunate in having 有幸得到，具有

(Refer to bless in New Words)4take place 举行，进行 Examples When does the ceremony take place? We have never discovered what took place between them that night.5a good /great deal of quite a lot of 大量

Note that the phrase is only used of uncountable or abstract nouns.Examples The government has spent a great deal of money on housing.We spent a good deal of time practicing.There is a great deal of concern over this issue.6speak of suggest the idea of;show clearly that something happened or that it exists 显示；证明 When used in this metaphysical sense, speak of takes things, rather than people, as its subject and has nothing to do with the use of words.Examples The woman never mentioned the tragic death of her child, but her eyes spoke of suffering.Everything in the room speaks of the graceful taste of its owner.7at the most not more than(the stated amount)至多，不超过 Examples He had been gone fifteen minutes at the most.There was only room for one more person at most in the boat.8hear of

receive news about(someone or something)获知...的消息，听到...的消息 Examples I had never heard of Singer until he won the Nobel prize in 1991.I gave the taxi-driver the name of the hotel, but he said he had never heard of it.9stand/be on one’s feet

站了起来；(病后)恢复健康 Examples I have been on my feet all day.She stood on her feet and demanded that everyone listen to her.10with the help of 在...的帮助下 Examples With the help of the classmates, he soon managed to catch up after his recovery.We got the tin open with the help of a knife.11god forbid

may it not happen 但愿上帝不让这样的事情发生

If you say ”God forbid!“ or ”Heaven forbid!“ that a particular thing should happen or be done, you mean that you think it would be a very bad thing and you hope that it will not happen.Examples God forbid that anything should happen to that poor man.I hope we don't have any trouble with the car – God forbid!III Sentences 1 She was a real find.--We were lucky to have found such an exceptionally good washwoman.find--n.a person or place that is very suitable for a particular purpose and that has been discovered by chance;something valuable, interesting or useful which has been discovered after a search or an investigation Examples: They've got this new singer, and she's a real find.This actor was the theatrical find of the year.This rare edition of Dreams in the Red Mansions was a great find I made in a second-hand bookstore.2 And the drying!= And just think of all the drying she had to do!(which was not easy for her either)3 Only God knows what the old woman had to endure...--The old woman had to endure a great deal of hardships.If you say ”God knows“, ”God only knows“, or ”only God knows“ you are emphasizing that you don't know something or that you find a fact or event very surprising.Examples: God knows where they have gone!The rain will stop God knows when.God knows what mixture he had drunk the night before.4a certain pride and love of labor with which many members of the labor force have been blessed--(she was)proud and loved to work hard as many people of the working class do.5Nor did he ever give her money.= And he never gave her any money either.Nor is a negative word often used after a negative statement to introduce another negative statement.When it occurs at the beginning of a sentence, the predicate(谓语)of the sentence should be arranged in a partially inverted(部分倒装)order.Examples: I couldn't understand a word they said, nor could they understand me.He can't see, nor could he hear until a month ago.6The old woman told this without bitterness.--The old woman talked about that calmly without showing any hatred or disappointment.7These hands spoke of the stubbornness of mankind, of the will to work not only as one's strength permits but beyond the limits of one's power.--The(trembling)hands of the washwoman suggested the determination and will in human nature to work not only as one is physically able to but even more than what one's physical strength permits.8Under the bundle tottered the old woman, her face as white as a linen sheet.= The old woman walked unsteadily while holding up the bundle, and her face was as white as a linen sheet.The first part of this sentence is in the inverted order(倒装)for the purpose of a closer connection to the previous sentence, while the second part is an absolute clause that describes an accompanying circumstance(伴随状况), which could easily be replaced by a clause introduced by and.Absolute clauses can also be used to describe a causal(原因的), temporal(时间的)connection.Examples: All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs.The whole meeting in an uproar(吵闹), the chairman gave up the attempt to take a vote.9But God had not yet wanted to take this poor soul to Himself.--But this time the poor woman did not die.Christians believe that when people die their souls go to Heaven and join God.The pronoun(代词)Himself in the sentence when referring to God is always capitalized(大写)to show reverence(尊敬).10 I could not rest easy...= I could not relax and be comfortable...The word rest here is used as a link verb.The adjectives that often appear after the link verb rest include easy and assured.Examples: Never shall we rest easy with the honors we have won.You can rest assured that nothing like this will happen again.11What good would such a long life be? = What's the use of such a long life? / What's the purpose of such a long life? good--n.benefit;profit;advantage Examples: What good will it do to fuss over(对…大惊小怪)such a small thing? I'm giving you this advice for your own good.12crossed oneself--made a hand movement down and across one's upper body as a religious act 13be driven by a strong will--be motivated by a strong will or personal desire drive--vt.push with force, motivate Examples: The play Othello is about how a man driven by suspicion and jealousy kills his innocent wife.He was driven to steal by extreme hunger.IV Grammar 1 ”as“ used to mean ”although“ to emphasize a contrast In a formal style, as can be used, with a special word order, to mean ”although“, and the construction suggests a very emphatic(显著的)contrast.Examples: Black and blind and poor as Stevie was, he had a happy childhood.Tall as he was, he was by no means a good basketball player.2 the ”could have done“ pattern The pattern ”could have done something“ is usually used to express regret, dissatisfaction, or reproach(责备)on the part of the speaker for something that the subject of the pattern had not been able to or had neglected to do.Examples: We could have paid more attention to the pollution from cars earlier.You could have finished this assignment during the weekend.Text B I Phrases 1 on one’s mind

troubling one's thoughts 压在心头；有心事

When you have something on your mind, you feel worried about it, but when you have something in mind(not in your mind), you are considering it as suitable for some purpose.Examples: My assistant resigned, so I've got a lot on my mind right now.With that on his mind, he is unable to sleep well.Who do you have in mind for the job? 2be good for(of a person or his credit)such that he will be able to repay(a sum lent)(指人或其信贷)有偿还(借款)能力的

Examples: He(or His credit)is good for $5000.3on credit用赊欠的方法；凭信用 4open a door to make possible;create an opportunity for 导致；为…创造机会 Examples: This agreement opens the door to advances in technology.Smiles can open the door to a friendship.5keep one’s word

keep one's promise 遵守诺言 Examples: He is a man who never keeps his word.I promised her.I must keep my word.The opposite of keep one's word is break one's word(违背诺言).6do wrong commit sin;do evil 犯罪；干坏事

Wrong in the expression is a noun.A wrong is an immoral or unjust action or situation, especially one that causes pain or worry to people.Examples: You didn't do wrong by refusing him.He remembered the wrong done to him.7have a stake in 与...有利害关系 利害关系；赌注

A stake is the amount of money which a gambler bets on a horse in a race, on a throw of a dice(骰子), etc.In extended use, if you have a stake in something such as a business, property, or idea, you have a share or an interest in it, usually of a financial kind.Examples: We must give young people a stake in the country's future.He has a deep stake in this business.I have no stake in how the trial comes out.He lost his stakes when the horse finished last.8out of habit出于习惯 Examples: He smokes out of habit, not for pleasure.I only do it out of habit.9think of as regard...as 把...看作 Examples: I didn't expect that my innocent remark would be thought of as an intentional insult.He thought of himself as a hero.10the reverse side of the coin the opposite argument, point of view, situation, etc.(论点、看法、事物等的另一方面)The reverse side of a coin is the back side of it.If you say that something is the reverse side of a coin, you mean it is the opposite way of looking at the situation you have been discussing.Examples: The English ￡1 coin has a royal coat of arms on the reverse side.Let us look at the reverse side of the coin.11out of wedlock婚外

the state of being married 婚姻，已婚状态

Wedlock is a word of old use.The expression out of wedlock refers to parents who are not married.A child born out of wedlock is an illegitimate child(非婚生子).12attribute to believe(something)to be the result of(something)

把...归因于

(to)consider as being the result of, as coming from 把...归因于，把...归咎于

Examples: He attributed his success to intelligence.Lung cancer has been attributed partially to smoking.13be committed to

be morally dedicated to;be bound as by a promise to 对…承担义务；承诺做… Examples: Everyone must be committed to the job or the project will fail.He was thoroughly committed to achieving equal rights for women workers.(Also refer to commit in New Words)14think twice think very carefully before deciding to do something 再想一想，重新考虑 Example: You should think twice about traveling with someone you are not very familiar with.15care about mind, be worried or concerned about 对...关心；注意 Examples: It's good to know that you care about us.All she cares about is her social life.16pass on give or leave to people who are younger or come later 传给(后代)If you pass something on to someone, you give it to them, for example after you have used it or after someone else has given it to you.Examples: Mother said she would pass on the ring to me.He handed a typewritten sheet to John to pass on to Henry.17to this day until now 到现在，至今 Examples: To this day I can't forget her facial expression at that moment.To this day I still don't know why he did it.18know of have heard of 听说，了解

Examples: I know of the town, but I've never been there.Do you know of any way to remove an ink stain? 19 pave the way for(为)...铺路，为...做好准备

If one thing paves the way for another, it creates a situation in which the other thing is more likely to happen or can happen more easily.Examples: The agreement paves the way for a lasting peace.This meeting paves the way for further cooperation between China and Europe.II Difficult sentences 1 At 16, I liked nothing better than getting behind the wheel of our family pickup, but this time there was something on my mind.--When I was 16, I was usually very excited to have a chance to drive our small family truck, but this time I was worrying about something.2whether they are ”good for it"--whether they could be trusted to buy things on credit 3cash was short--we didn't have enough money at hand 4Those three words had opened a door to an adult's respect and trust.--Simply because he learned I was James Williams' son, the farmer showed respect and trust for me.5We children...could enjoy that good name, unearned, unless and until we did something to lose it.--We children...were free to benefit from the respect for our family which had been earned by my parents.However, we might lose this respect if we ever did anything unworthy.6 We had a stake in one another--and in ourselves.--Every member of our family had a shared interest in the good name of the whole family.7 A good name, and the responsibility that came with it, forced us children to be better than we otherwise might be.--Because of our responsibility to keep our family's good reputation, we children always behaved ourselves.But for this good name, we might not have behaved as well as we did.8If pride in a good name keeps families and neighborhoods straight, a sense of shame is the reverse side of that coin.--Just as pride in a good name encourages people to act well at home and in public, the sense of shame when they do something bad will lead them to avoid any bad behavior.9none of these wrong things are the deep embarrassment they should be.--people are not embarrassed by any of these wrong things which should be embarrassing.10kids don't think twice about bad language--young people do not hesitate to use bad language；it just seems normal to them.Text C 1This is why Jordan is Jordan.This is the reason why Jordan is such a great and respected figure.to build people up to incredible heights, then happily knock them down to praise people very highly first in order to viciously criticize them later The first journalist to really rip into Jordan is sure to make a national name for himself.A journalist who takes the lead in attacking Jordan will certainly become known nationwide.the day after the column ran

the day after the column was published in the newspaper Here it comes.The writer thinks that a criticism will now follow.6alerted me to this called my attention to this

第二篇：教案

第9课 诗歌与小说

教 案

课标要求

知道诗经、楚辞、汉赋、唐诗、宋词、元曲、明清小说等文学成就，了解中国古代不同时期的文学特色。

教学目标

知识与能力：了解《诗经》反映的社会状况及楚辞、汉赋的形成特点；了解唐朝诗歌繁荣的条件、著名诗人和作品；了解宋词与元散曲发展的社会条件和名家名篇；让学生知道明清小说的文学成就，了解中国古代小说的发展脉络及其流变原因。

过程与方法：结合《硕鼠》、《关雎》等研究《诗经》的特点；结合宋词、元散曲名篇的内容和背景研究宋元文人情怀。

情感态度与价值观：感悟《诗经》中对美的憧憬和追求，认识屈原的爱国主义：感悟唐诗反映的唐朝历史的兴衰与沧桑；体会宋元文人在作品中表达出的忧国忧民的情愫；激发学生阅读中国古典小说的兴趣，增强他们对中国古典文学的热爱之情。

教学重点

明清小说繁荣的背景、文学成就及其特色。教学难点

明清小说繁荣的背景以及通过明清小说认识其反映的社会现实。课时：本节教材用二课时。板书设计：

第9课 诗歌与小说

一、《诗经》、楚辞与汉赋 1．《诗经》：305篇，从西周初期到春秋中期，风、雅、颂，赋、比、兴 2．楚辞：屈原，楚国方言，特点 3．“风骚”——源头

4．汉赋：产生背景，带韵的散文，特点

二、唐诗、宋词与元曲

1．唐诗：背景；三大诗人：李白、杜甫、白居易 2．宋词：豪放派：苏辛；婉约派：柳永、李清照 3．元曲：含义

三、明清小说 教学过程

导入新课：请同学们阅读引言：诗歌是人类心灵的窗口，时代精神的火花在这里凝结、积淀，人们的思想、情感在这里郁积、释放。让我们一起走进诗歌的海洋，体验古人的喜怒哀乐，感悟不同时代风情的多姿多彩！明清小说则将日常生活和普通市民都纳入创作视野，不仅真实地反映了当时社会的全景，还蕴涵着作者对现实的敏锐洞察和犀利批判。

一、《诗经》、楚辞与汉赋 我们先来看《诗经》，请同学们阅读本目教材的前两个自然段，了解一下关于《诗经》的基本情况，然后我们来通过提问来检验同学们的阅读理解能力。

板书：1．《诗经》

《诗经》又被称为“诗三百”，你知道为什么吗？因为《诗经》共包括305篇诗歌。板书：1．《诗经》：305篇

这305篇诗歌从出现的年代来看，是从西周初期到春秋中期大约500年。板书：1．《诗经》：305篇，从西周初期到春秋中期

《诗经》中的风、雅、颂指的是什么？赋、比、兴指的是什么？ 板书：1．《诗经》：305篇，从西周初期到春秋中期，风、雅、颂，赋、比、兴

风、雅、颂是按诗歌的来源分成三个部分。风是周朝时各诸侯国的民歌，统称“国风”；雅是西周的宫廷乐曲歌词；颂是为宗庙祭祀配以舞曲的歌词。其中风的部分最具意义及历史影响，请看教材是如何评价的？风的内容丰富，有的揭露讽刺统治者的剥削和压迫，有的颂扬劳动人民的反抗精神和对美好生活的向往，真实而深刻地反映了当时的社会生活。

赋、比、兴是《诗经》的艺术手法，请看教材P37《赋、比、兴》的文字阅读框。同学们学过《诗经》中的哪些篇目？

教材的小字部分摘录了《诗经》中的《硕鼠》、《关雎》中的一些诗句，请同学们阅读欣赏。

下面我们来看楚辞，楚辞的名称是怎么来的？ 板书：2．楚辞

楚辞是战国时期屈原等人吸收南方民歌精华，采用楚国方言，创造出的一种新体诗歌。板书：2．楚辞：屈原，楚国方言

屈原：本是楚国的大夫，热爱祖国，后因小人诬陷离间而被流放，他把满腔悲愤化为诗歌，“长太息以掩涕兮，哀民生之多艰”。楚国都城郢被秦攻陷后，屈原百感交集，以极其沉痛的心情写下《哀郢》：“鸟飞返故乡兮，狐死必首丘。信非吾罪而弃逐兮，何日夜而忘之!”抒发了自己忧国忧民的情感。《离骚》是我国古代最长的一首抒情诗。

教材中哪些语句可以作为楚辞的特点？ 板书：2．楚辞：屈原，楚国方言，特点

特点：自由灵活的句式，瑰丽华美、想像奇特。至此，教材上将中国古代诗歌两大源头都介绍给了大家。也就是：“骚体”（楚辞）与“风”（《诗经》）合称“风骚”，成为中国古代诗歌的两大源头。

板书：3．“风骚”——源头

请同学们看教材P37最后一个小字自然段。板书：4．汉赋

司马相如是汉赋名家，汉赋这种文学体裁的产生与时代密切相关。板书：4．汉赋：产生背景

请看教材：汉朝政治统一，经济发展。与其相适应的汉赋被称为带韵的散文。板书：4．汉赋：产生背景，带韵的散文 其特点是：专重铺陈排比、文采华丽。

板书：4．汉赋：产生背景，带韵的散文，特点

二、唐诗、宋词与元曲

汉赋的产生与时代密切相关，唐诗、宋词、元曲这样的时代文学也与其时代有着紧密的联系。我们先来看唐诗。

板书：1．唐诗：背景

请同学们阅读本目第一自然段，唐诗产生的时代背景可以归纳为几点。一是繁荣、开放和文化多元的大唐帝国的诞生给中国文学带来了新生命。二是科举取士制度的确立使得许多来自中下层的文人有机会施展抱负，他们把丰富的生活体验、自信乐观和昂扬进取的精神融人诗歌。三是汉代以来五言诗、七言诗的发展，也为唐诗在格律形式等艺术创作方面提供了借鉴，韵律更加工整、回还有致。

唐诗的繁荣从一个数字上可以得到印证，据记载，唐朝流传下来的有两千多位诗人创作的近五万首诗歌。教材上主要介绍了唐朝的三大诗人：李白、杜甫、白居易的诗歌成就。

板书：1．唐诗：背景；三大诗人：李白、杜甫、白居易 李白，人称“诗仙”，有人这样概括他：傲世独立，洒脱不羁，风驰电掣，雄浑壮阔。李白生活在盛唐时期，所以其诗风体现了盛唐张扬个性、蓬勃向上的时代精神。教材上对他的诗歌成就给予了极高的评价：在他充满浪漫主义奇特想象的诗篇中，蕴涵着深刻的现实意义和对人世的深挚关爱。同学们都知道他的哪些作品呢？

将进酒

君不见，黄河之水天上来，奔流到海不复回。

君不见，高堂明镜悲白发，朝如青丝暮成雪。人生得意须尽欢，莫使金樽空对月，天生我才必有用，千金散尽还复来，„„

五花马，千金裘，呼儿将出换美酒，与尔同销万古愁。

杜甫有两个称呼：“诗圣”、“诗史”。“诗圣”指的是他成熟的写作技巧，凝重的诗风。“诗史”指的是他的诗作内容就是一幅历史的风情图。

杜甫曾经经历过八年的安史之乱（755——763），其作品中的苦涩与艰辛更显其对国与家的热爱。教材的小字摘录了杜甫的《春望》，请同学们阅读。

同学们还知道杜甫的哪些作品呢？

茅屋为秋风所破歌

„„

安得广厦千万间，大庇天下寒士俱欢颜，风雨不动安如山？

呜呼！

何时眼前突兀见此屋，吾庐独破受冻死亦足。

白居易，生活在中唐时期，主张“文章合为时而著，歌诗合为事而作”，倡导诗歌沿着“补察时政、泄导人情”的现实主义方向发展，在艺术上追求浅显平易的诗风。代表作有《卖炭翁》、《杜陵叟》、《琵琶行》、《长恨歌》。

卖 炭 翁 白居易 卖炭翁，伐薪烧炭南山中。满面尘灰烟火色，两鬓苍苍十指黑。卖炭得钱何所营？ 身上衣裳口中食。可怜身上衣正单，心忧炭贱愿天寒。

唐诗之后的时代文学就是宋词。板书：2．宋词

宋词又被为“长短句”，与诗相比，其优点是：便于更加灵活地表达情感，并可配乐演唱，按特定的乐调曲谱“填词”。

宋词主要有豪放派和婉约派两种风格，豪放派的风格豪放激愤，气势雄伟，内容以记事、说理为主，表达内心感慨；婉约派风格委婉含蓄，细腻感人，内容以咏叹个人身世、写景抒情为主。这里需要特别指出的是，两种风格并不截然分开，许多词人的作品往往兼具豪放和婉约两种风格。

教材上分别列举的代表人物是：豪放派的“苏辛”，即苏轼、辛弃疾；婉约派的柳永，小字还介绍了婉约派的另一位代表人物李清照。

板书：2．宋词：豪放派：苏辛；婉约派：柳永、李清照

北宋词人苏轼：词风意境开阔，雄浑壮观，代表作品是《念奴娇·赤壁怀古》、《水调歌头·明月几时有》。请看教材P39《念奴娇·赤壁怀古》节选。

水调歌头·明月几时有

明月几时有？把酒问青天。不知天上宫阙，今夕是何年？我欲乘风归去，又恐琼楼玉宇，高处不胜寒。起舞弄清影，何似在人间。

转朱阁，低绮户，照无眠。不应有恨，何事长向别时圆？人有悲欢离合，月有阴晴圆缺，此事古难全。但愿人长久，千里共婵娟。南宋词人辛弃疾：词风慷慨激昂、沉郁悲凉，有《稼轩长短句》等作品传世。

醉里挑灯看剑，梦回吹角连营。八百里分麾下炙，五十弦翻塞外声，沙场秋点兵。马作的卢飞快，弓如霹雳弦惊。了却君王天下事，赢得生前身后名。可怜白发生！

——《破阵子·为陈同甫赋壮语以寄之》

楚天千里清秋，水随天去秋无际。遥岑远目，献愁供恨，玉簪螺髻。落日楼头，断鸿声里，江南游子。把吴钩看了，阑干拍遍，无人会、登临意。

休说鲈鱼堪脍kuài，尽西风、季鹰归来？求田问舍，怕应羞见，刘郎才气。可惜流年，忧愁风雨，树犹如此！倩何人，唤取红巾翠袖，揾wèn英雄泪？

——《水龙吟·登建康赏心亭》

辛弃疾词《菩萨蛮·书江西造口壁》 此词全文为：“郁孤台下清江水，中间多少行人泪。西北望长安，可怜无数山。青山遮不住，毕竟东流去。江晚正愁余，山深闻鹧鸪。”这首词回忆了金兵南下烧杀抢掠的罪行，表达了作者渴望祖国统一的爱国主义思想情感。

北宋柳永的词作体现市民情趣，委婉含蓄、回还往复，成为婉约派的代表。他在代表作《雨霖铃》中，把依依惜别的离情和肃杀冷落的秋景融合在一起，有很高的艺术感染力。

柳永和《雨霖铃》

柳永(约984—1053)，字耆卿，崇安(今福建崇安)人。政治上不得志，怀才不遇，放荡不羁，喜欢和民间艺人、歌女交往。他对词的发展也作出重大贡献，形式上由字数较少的小令发展为字数较多的慢词；语言上突破文人雅词，吸收了民间俚俗语言；表现手法上形成婉约风格。代表作如《雨霖铃》：“寒蝉凄切，对长亭晚，骤雨初歇。都门帐饮无绪，留恋处，兰舟催发。执手相看泪眼，竟无语凝噎。念去去、千里烟波，暮霭沉沉楚天阔。多情自古伤离别，更那堪、冷落清秋节!今宵酒醒何处?杨柳岸、晓风残月。此去经年，应是良辰好景虚设。便纵有千种风情，更与何人说?”词中，作者把依依惜别的离情和肃杀冷落的秋景融合在一起，有很高的艺术感染力。

李清照也是婉约派的一位代表人物，你知道她的哪些作品呢？

如梦令

昨夜雨疏风骤，浓睡不消残酒。试问卷帘人，却道海棠依旧。知否？知否？ 应是绿肥红瘦。

声声慢

寻寻觅觅，冷冷清清，凄凄惨惨戚戚。乍暖还寒时候，最难将息。三杯两盏淡酒，怎敌他、晚来风急。雁过也，正伤心，却是旧时相识。

满地黄花堆积，憔悴损，而今有谁堪摘？守着窗儿，独自怎生得黑？梧桐更兼细雨，到黄昏、点点滴滴。这次第，怎一个、愁字了得。

相比较唐诗、宋词而言，元曲可能对同学们来说有些陌生，请看教材是如何对元曲定义的？

板书：3．元曲：含义 元曲是在宋词、金元俚曲俗谣基础上经文人重新制作而形成的新诗体，虽然也有格律曲牌限制，但大量使用白话、方言、衬字，是与音乐、戏曲结合比较紧密的诗歌形式。

为什么教材中会说“汉族文人在元朝进取无望”？①元代推行民族分化政策，阶级矛盾尖锐。②科举取士制度被废除。

正因为汉族文人无法实现人生抱负，他们才会用可俗可雅的元曲来抒发愁闷的情怀或是表达人生的失意和理想的幻灭。请看教材上摘录的相关诗句。

同学们知道元曲名家有哪些？马致远、张养浩。

天净沙·秋思

马致远

枯藤老树昏鸦，小桥流水人家，古道西风瘦马。夕阳西下，断肠人在天涯。山坡羊（潼关怀古）

张养浩

峰峦如聚，波涛如怒，山河表里潼关路。望西都，意踟蹰，伤心秦汉经行处。宫阙万间都做了土。

兴，百姓苦。亡，百姓苦。

与唐诗、宋词、元曲齐名的时代文学是明清小说。

三、明清小说

在第8课《笔墨丹青》的“民间风情”一目中，提到了木刻版画，那时的木刻版画是出现在什么文学作品中的？明清小说。

是作为明清小说的插图而出现的，反映了世俗的审美情趣。明代书法的特点是什么？明代书法随着社会进一步平民化、世俗化，更加强调个性化的创造。

书法也好，绘画也罢，它们在明清时期的特点均体现了明清时期经济繁荣而导致的市民阶层队伍的扩大，因而文化上越来越体现出市民化的特征。而明清小说的繁荣就是应市民阶层的文化需求而出现的。请同学们阅读本目内容，然后我们通过一些关键词来明确本目知识。

明代“四大奇书”：罗贯中《三国演义》，施耐庵《水浒传》，吴承恩《西游记》，兰陵笑笑生《金瓶梅》。

“三言”：《警世通言》《喻世明言》《醒世恒言》。“二拍”：《初刻拍案惊奇》《续刻拍案惊奇》。“三言”“二拍”是晚明的短篇小说集。

反映现实的百科全书式巨著：曹雪芹《红楼梦》 “孤愤之书”：蒲松龄《聊斋志异》 长篇讽刺小说的开山之作：《儒林外史》

明清时期产生了这么多传世之作，我们来做一道探究题。教材P40“自我测评”2．概述明清小说的特色，指出这些特色与明清社会变迁的联系。

提示：①明清小说的特色：通过文学手段重树商人等这些原来受歧视的角色的形象，对现实提出深刻批判；②与明清历史的联系：其一，明清时期，社会上弥漫着拜金逐利的风气，传统的轻商观念开始淡化。这种风气深深浸染了小说的创作，“三言”、“二拍”等作品中，商人第一次作为被歌颂的对象进入文学世界；其二，明清社会繁荣的背后也蕴藏着深刻危机，政治黑暗、官场腐败，各种社会矛盾逐渐加深，一些文人对现实社会日益不满，写出了一批批判现实的力作。

小结：文学作品与书法、绘画一样都是中国文化的组成部分，“李杜文章在，光焰万丈长”。

作业：教材P40“自我测评”2．概述明清小说的特色，指出这些特色与明清社会变迁的联系。

提示：①明清小说的特色：通过文学手段重树商人等这些原来受歧视的角色的形象，对现实提出深刻批判；②与明清历史的联系：其一，明清时期，社会上弥漫着拜金逐利的风气，传统的轻商观念开始淡化。这种风气深深浸染了小说的创作，“三言”、“二拍”等作品中，商人第一次作为被歌颂的对象进入文学世界；其二，明清社会繁荣的背后也蕴藏着深刻危机，政治黑暗、官场腐败，各种社会矛盾逐渐加深，一些文人对现实社会日益不满，写出了一批批判现实的力作。

第三篇：there be教案

There be 句型教案

一、学科： 英语

二、课例名称： “There be”句型

三、课型：新授课

四、：年级： 六年级

五、教学设计

（一）、教学目标

1、知识目标

能理解并灵活掌握句型“There be”的一般疑问句、否定句及其肯定与否定回答。2）技能目标：

学会利用身边的人会或物用”There be”句型来询问叙述。

3）情感目标：培养学生与他人合作的精神以及用应做事情的基本技能，要求学生能够在小组中于他人交流。

（二）内容分析

1.本节课的目的实使学生学会使用句型”There be”和它的肯定句、疑问句及其肯定与否定回答。再结合所学过的单词，学会利用身边的人或物用”There be’句型来问答。把所学的知识运用到实际生活中去。2.教学重难点

教学重点：能理解并掌握句型”there be”

教学难点：理解并灵活使用”There be”句型的一般疑问句、否定句及其肯定与否定回答。

（四）教学方法

1，自然法：让学生根据自己对已学知识的熟练程度来参加活动。

2，合作学习法：让学生通过小组合作完成课文朗读，使学生学会使用句型”there be”

板书设计： “There be句型

* There is +可数名词单数或不可数名词 There are +可数名词复数

“There be”句型的否定句和一般疑问句口诀：”There be’ 句型有特点，主语放在be后边,变否定，很简单，be后要把not 添，变疑问，也不难，把be 提到there 前.肯定句中有some 否定、疑问把any的 用法

（五）教学过程 Step1 Have a dictation Diagnose test 1)There---------some rice in the bowl.2)There-------some chairs in the room.3)There------an apple on the floor.4)There--------a teacher and some students in the classroom.5)There-------a pencil and two rules in the box.Step2 Teaching “There be” 句型

a)“There be”句型的一般疑问句和否定句的口诀 b)Give Ss there minutes to master.Eg:There is a book on the floor.(边一般疑问句、否定句及其肯定与否定回答)There is not/isn’t a book on the floor.Is there a book on the floor? Yes, There is/Not There isn’t.There are some chairs in the room（.同上）There are not/aren’t any chairs in the room.Are there any chairs in the room? Yes, there are./No,there aren’t.Step3 The different of “There be” and have/has

“There be” 表示在某处有某物或某人，表述某物或某人存在于某个地方，而have/has表示某人拥有某一样东西。Eg: I have a book.You have some pencils.He has a lot of pens.There is a book on the desk.There are some students in the classroom.*注： 而者有时也可以通用，表示“某物本身拥有。。” Eg: The classroom has forty-eight desks.=There are forty-eight desks in the classroom.Step4 Form test 1)There is a Chinatown in New York.(变否定句)------------------------------Chinatown in New York.2)-Are there any pens on the table?(作否定回答)--------，----------------。

3）There is some meat on the plate.（一般疑问句并做肯定回答）------------------------meat on the plate.---------,----------------.4)are there lots bicycles China in of(连词成句)----------------。

（六）Homework 背诵”There be “句型的一般疑问句和否定句的口诀，做活动用书第二模块。

第四篇：教案

教学目标：

1、通过量一量、比一比等活动,初步学会选择适当的测量标准,用不同的方式表示物体的长度或高度。

2、通过测量和比较等活动,积累测量经验,初步培养学生的估测能力、长度观念和数感。

3、能体会合作交流和成功的乐趣,数学与生活的联系,增强用所学的知识解决实际问题的意识。

教学重点:选择适当的测量标准,用不同的方式表示物体的长度或高度。教学难点:选择适当的测量标准,对各种物体的长度的感知。教学过程

回顾旧知、揭示课题：

1、比:你学习了哪些长度单位?(1cm 1m)你能比划一下1厘米、1米的长度吗?(抽生比划后都试一试。)50厘米呢?

2、估:你能估一估铅笔长度吗? 你是怎样估的?(学生演示“指宽”估量法)

3、导:怎样知道自己估计的对不对呢?(板书:量一量)。在测量长度时要用到哪些测量工具?(学生汇报后,教师借助课件1和实物展示:各种不同的尺子。)测量时要注意什么?(学生汇报:O刻度与物体一端对齐、尺子要拉直、放平。课件2)合作交流、探究新知 ： 说一说

我们可以用“手指的宽”作为测量标准去估量铅笔的长度,我们还能利用身体哪些部位的长度、身边哪些物体的长度作为测量标准去估量其他物体的长度呢? 学生汇报(若有难度,教师稍加提醒:肩宽、一庹长、一拃长等。)(板书:肩宽、一庹长、一拃长、黑板长、课桌高、、、、、)明确:像肩宽、一扎长等这种肢体长度,还有像课桌高、黑板长等物体的长度都可以作为测量标准去测量其他物体的长度。(板书:测量标准)

2、量一量

活动1:要想估量物体的长度,先要知道测量标准的长度,下面我们就来先估一估,再量一量我们的肩宽有多长?课件3 1)学生演示合作:量一量肩宽(教师做好分工,让学生学会合作)2)学生汇报。

活动2:你能像刚才一样,每组选择2个以上的测量标准,小组合作先估一估、再选用合适的尺子量一量其他测量标准的长度吗?小组长做好分工,把测量的数据填在表格中。课件3(1)提出要求:活动时要细声细语、轻拿轻放,在测量黑板时,为了避免拥挤,请各小组有序上台测量。

(2)学生小组合作动手实践,教师巡视指导。(3)学生分组汇报展示。

活动3:静下心,闭眼想肩宽有多长?课桌有多高?用手比一比。活动4:请你用“一拃长”作为测量标准,量一量课本有几拃?

3、比一比

活动5:你能利用“肢体长度”“物体的长度”作为测量标准去比一比其他物体的长度吗?(板书:比一比)下面我们就来试一试!(课件3出示:鳄鱼图)1)想-----闭上眼睛想一想:6米有多长? 2)比-----选用不同的测量标准比一比:6米有多长? 学生汇报演示:以“一庹长”作为标准,6个小朋友手拉手的长度大约是6米长。)3)多样化:鳄鱼有这么长,你还可以选用哪种测量标准去描述6米的长度?(若有难度,教师适时引导。)学生讨论后汇报:肩宽、课桌高等。课件4(教师都要加以肯定。)4)优化:鳄鱼这么长呀,相当于6个小朋友手拉手、20个孩子肩并肩站一排、10张桌子叠起来,你认为以什么的长度作为测量标准去描述6米的长度最合适呢?(两臂长、课桌高等)

4、小结: 像这样,量一量、比一比比较长的物体的长度时,可以选用比较长的测量标准,量一量、比一比比较短的物体的长度时,例如铅笔,就可以选用比较短的测量标准,实践运用 ：

1、课件6动物是人类的好朋友!你能选用合适的测量标准比一比他们的长度吗?请选择自己喜欢的一种动物比一比,在小组里交流一下看测量结果是怎样的? 学生小组内交流后汇报。(根据时间需要,适当选择1-2种动物.。)

2、我们经常课间在操场上锻炼身体,你能选用合适的工具和测量标准量一量、比一比操场跑道的长度吗?课件5(学生汇报,教师提示:卷尺、步长、)全课小结：

同学们,今天我们进行了一些有趣的测量活动,学会了用自己身边熟悉的事物的长度或高度来描述新鲜事物的长度或高度,说一说你有哪些收获,印象最深是什么?

第五篇：教案

《藤野先生》教学设计

主备人：顾海芳

【教学目标】

1.熟读课文，简要复述故事情节。

2.分析人物形象及学习刻画人物的多种描写方法。

3.结合时代背景，感悟藤野先生的人格魅力,体会作者的思想感情。理解鲁迅青年时代的心路历程，树立忧患意识。

【教学重难点】

2、3 【课时安排】两课时

第一课时

一、导入新课

有首歌这样唱：“相逢是首歌。”每个人一生中都会遇到难以忘怀的良师益友，鲁迅一生中最难忘的有童年时代的可亲可敬的长妈妈，少年时代的农家英雄小闰土，还有一个就是他在东京留学时结识的老师藤野先生。今天我们就来学习他回忆藤野先生的一篇散文。

二、小组交流讨论自主学习卡上的内容。

樱（yīnɡ）花

颇（pō）冷 解剖(pōu)抑扬顿挫（cuò）

诘（jié）责

绯（ｆēｉ）红

宛(wǎn)如

陌（ｍò）生

畸（ｊī）形

不逊（ｘùｎ）

匿（ｎì）名

杳（ｙǎｏ）

瞥（ｐｉē）见

喝（ｈè）采

发髻（ｊì）荟（huì）

裹脚（ɡuǒ）

枪毙（bì）

三、点拨提升

1.以地点的转移为线索，划分文章段落。

1—3段

在东京

4—35段

在仙台

36—38段

离仙台

2.找出藤野先生与我直接交往的四件事情，口头复述：

先生其行：添改讲义——纠正解剖图——关心实验——了解裹脚。3.圈画出相关语句，并说出藤野先生的性格特征。

先生其貌：黑瘦的先生，八字须，戴着眼镜，挟着一叠大大小小的书。（认真，朴素）

先生其言:“我就是叫做藤野严九郎的„„”（认真、迂阔）

“我的讲义，你能抄下来么？”（关心学生）

“你看，你将这条血管移了一点位置了。——自然，这样一移，的确比较的好看些，然而解剖图不是美术，实物是那么样的，我们没法改变它。现在我给你改好了，以后你要全照着黑板上那样的画。”（治学严谨）

“我因为听说中国人是很敬重鬼的，所以很担心，怕你不肯解剖尸体。现在总算放心了，没有这回事。”（尊重科学）

“总是要看一看才知道，究竟是怎么一回事呢？”（务实精神）

4.总结刻画人物的方法：外貌描写、语言描写、动作描写。通过典型事件来表现人物性格。

先生其人：正直热忱、治学严谨、关心热爱学生、公平无私，具有真正的教师风范。5.一别20年后，“我”仍然把藤野先生的照片挂在书桌对面，“我”对一个接触并不多的日本先生的感情是否有些让人费解？（为什么作者对藤野先生的感情这么深？）

第一，有高深的学问，态度严谨认真。“我”虽然不再学医，但先生高尚的品格，一直影响着“我”。第二，关心异国青年。“我”那一代人从懂事时起，就经历了甲午和庚子两次奇耻大辱，为了救国救民，远到异国寻求救国之路。藤野先生没有民族偏见，友好公正地对待弱国的学子“我”。一个普通的知识分子，在民族冲突的大背景下，以自己的良知兢兢业业地教诲中国学生，这种精神是伟大的。

第三，藤野先生的平等意识、尊重他人的观念给鲁迅巨大影响，使得“我”一直能够保持对中国底层百姓和大众疾苦的关注与同情。

第四，藤野先生的出现恰恰在作者思想转型的重要时期，看到他的照片，就会想起日本留学的经历，就会想起自己弃医从文的原因，想起自己身上肩负的责任，更好地以笔为武器，进行战斗。

四、小结本课

通过这一节课的学习，我们知道了为什么藤野先生在鲁迅心目中留下了如此深刻的印象，我们也要学习藤野先生正直、热情、治学严谨的高尚品质和重视中日友情、毫无民族偏见的精神。

第二课时

一、导入新课

上一节课，我们理清了《藤野先生》这篇文章的情节结构，并且分析了藤野先生的人物形象。他是一位正直热忱、治学严谨、关心热爱学生、公平无私，具有真正的教师风范的人，值得我们欣赏和学习。在鲁迅的心目中，藤野先生也是一个伟大的人，他们之间建立了深厚的师生情谊。那是什么导致他们面临分别的呢？今天我们继续来学习本课。

二、小组交流学习卡上的内容。

三、合作探究，点拨提升。

1.找出导致“我”离开仙台的两个事件，揣摩作者的思想感情并有感情朗读。

匿名信事件

看电影事件

读出愤慨和伤感，“我”看出了中国人的麻木不仁、人民不觉醒是民族落后的根本原因。“我”去日本学医，本来抱着美好愿望，希望治疗国民的体魄，这两件事使“我”看到了比体魄更需要治疗的是人的灵魂。要治疗的人的灵魂，必须唤醒民众，不是学医就能完成的，所以“我”毅然决定弃医从文。

这两件事对探索救国救民之道的作者刺激很大。匿名信事件既用写匿名信者的卑劣行为来反衬藤野先生的高尚品格，又使作者深感弱国弱民倍受歧视的悲哀，激发了作者强烈的民族自尊心和为拯救民族、富国强民的斗争精神。“终于这流言消灭了”，作者的正义斗争终于取得了胜利。“看电影事件”更深深地刺激了作者。他极为沉痛而愤慨地写道：“中国是弱国„„也无怪他们疑惑。”用这样的反语来表达作者的自尊心所受到的挫伤，思想上所受到的极大的震动，以及改变志向，弃医学文的决心。结合课文注释，我们可以更清楚地了解作者这样做的原因：中国民众的愚昧、麻木，使他深感医学只能解救病人肉体上的苦痛，要真正解救自己的民族首先要救治人的精神，唤醒民众的觉悟。作者的这种将个人的志愿与祖国的前途命运紧密的结合在一起的精神，是强烈的爱国主义精神的充发体现。2.藤野先生听说“我”不学医，并要离开仙台，他是什么反应呢？ 藤野先生听说“我”不学医，并要离开仙台，甚感“悲哀”、“凄然”，他“叹息”，并赠照题辞“惜别”，还希望“我”回赠照片，并常来信告诉他状况。这些记叙和描写将“我”与藤野先生依依惜别的深情生动具体地反映出来。先生对“我”这种毫无民族偏见的深情，“我”是终生难忘的。3.写“我”没有给藤野先生寄照片和通信的原因。

对“又因为状况也无聊，说起来也无非使他失望，便连信也怕敢写了”这句话怎么理解作者对中国辛亥革命后，依然是黑暗混乱的局面感到失望和不满，而又不愿意将这种情绪带给他敬爱的老师，对良师的期望无以告慰，用一个“竟”字将自己的这种无限遗憾和内疚之情表达出来。文字的笔调是十分含蓄压抑的。尽管如此，作者对藤野先生的真挚、深沉的怀念之情还是充分地显示出来。4尽管我们之间没有联系，但我一直没有忘记藤野先生，从哪些语句可以看出？ a作者为什么说藤野先生是“最使我感激，给我鼓励”的教师之一？

因为藤野先生品格高尚，尤其是他毫无民族偏见——他对“我”的热心期望，“小而言之，是为中国„„；大而言之，是为学术„„”这种精神与品格，在“我”的“眼里和心里”怎能不感到伟大呢？怎能不感激他呢？又怎能不从中受到鼓舞、激励呢？一个“最”字分量极重，真挚地表达了作者的崇敬、感激和怀念之情。

b对藤野先生的崇敬和怀念化作斗争的勇气和力量。(如何化怀念为力量？)作者为了怀念藤野先生，一是装订收藏他改正的讲义（即讲稿）来作为“永久的纪念”，但因丢失，非常惋惜；二是把藤野先生的赠照挂在书桌对面的东墙上，时时可以看到，以此来激励自己，增强自己的斗争勇气和力量，用自己战斗的笔“继续写些为‘正人君子’之流所深恶痛疾的文字”。这里的“正人君子”是反语，意在讽刺那些为军阀政客张目而自命为“正人君子”的反动御用文人。作者用这种“韧”的战斗精神和坚持继续战斗的行动，来表达自己对藤野先生的仰慕、怀念之情。

小结：时隔20年，作者仍“时时记起他”，足见藤野先生对他人生的影响之大。一位优秀的教师，就像一盏不灭的灯，会长久地照耀着人们，给人以精神和力量！

5.文章以怀念藤野先生为记叙中心，为什么要写东京留学生的情况呢？主要抓住留学生的什么特征写的？ A抓住清国留学生的主要特征——将长辫子盘在头顶，来描写他们的不男不女、不伦不类的丑陋形象。B用两个贴切的比喻，“形成一座富士山”和“宛如小姑娘的发髻”，加上“油光可鉴”，生动形象地描绘与讽刺了清国留学生的奇特打扮。“还要将脖子扭几扭。实在标致极了。”“实在”是“的确”的意思，“标致”是“漂亮”的意思，用“实在”修饰“标致”，说思想腐朽的清国留学生“的确漂亮”，这是反语，强有力地讽刺了这些顽固维护清王朝统治的“遗少”，强烈表达了作者对他们的极端憎恶之情。同时，还以“上野烂漫的樱花”之美来反衬这群清国留学生之丑。

C结合背景资料分析。鲁迅那一代人从懂事起，就经历了甲午和庚子两次奇耻大辱，有志之士怀着寻求救国之路的愿望到异国去留学。鲁迅深感在东京的留学生学风不正，所以想找到真正可以学得救国救民知识的清净之处，决心舍弃繁华都会来到仙台小镇。为下文见到藤野先生作好了铺垫。6.题目为《藤野先生》，第三部分并不是直接写藤野先生的，是否离题？

第一部分内容看似与写藤野先生无关，实际上从侧面反映了鲁迅不愿与清国留学生同流合污的爱国主义思想。他离开了东京，前往仙台，这为与藤野先生的相识埋下了伏笔。第三部分写自己回国之后的经历，着重表现藤野先生对自己思想上的深刻影响，表达了对他的景仰。7．文章的线索是什么？

明线是作者与藤野先生的交往；暗线是作者的爱国情感和弃医从文的心路历程。8.结合具体语境，品赏作者在语言中深寓的思想感情。

请同学们自选一句或一段，抓关键词，谈出自己对课文的独特理解，老师适当点拨。例：文章第一段，“无非”表现了作者怀着寻求救国之路的愿望到异国去留学，但那里的留学生不学无术的状况让人失望。看似淡然，实际上强烈不满。“标致”实际上是反语，表现了作者对不知羞辱的留学生的讽刺。朗读时语气要愤慨、失望，“无非”、“高高耸起”、“扭几扭”、“标致”这几个词要重音轻读，读出讽刺与夸张的意味。

“他们也何尝不酒醉似的喝采”，“何尝”与“不”连用，以反诘的语气来加强肯定，说明“他们”无一例外地是这样的幸灾乐祸，麻木不仁，强烈地表达了作者对反动派长期统治下的人们精神麻木的痛恨。

四、畅所欲言

国家兴亡，匹夫有责。鲁迅认识到要想改变中国的面貌，就要改变国民的精神，他一直谨记国耻与历史重任，笔耕不辍，用笔做武器，像尖刀，像匕首，刺向敌人心脏。他用笔墨唤醒了一代又一代中国人。他的小说揭露了中国国民的劣根性，其实在现在，中国人也有劣根性，你能说出“丑陋的中国人”的表现吗？

诸如：中庸之道、自私、大男子主义、农民的计划生育不能落实、不孝敬父母、男人酗酒、闭门造车等，这些都是影响文明进步的消极因素。