新标准大学英语视听说教程第一册第二单元教案

第一篇：新标准大学英语视听说教程第一册第二单元教案

Unit 2 Food, glorious food!

I.II.Time Allotment Teaching Objectives and Requirements 1.Develop the Ss’ awareness of involving of talking about Western-style cuisine and their table manners;2.Ask Ss to remember useful words and expressions;3.Strengthen Ss’ ability to listen for the specific information;4.Provide Ss some information about how to hold an informal discussion.6 periods III.Teaching Procedures i.Starting points Teaching tips

The activity can be done very quickly if the steps are explained to Ss clearly and the T gives them time limit to do the steps.ii.Inside View Conversation 1 Activity 2 Alternative activity 1.Play Conversation 1 for Ss to familiarize themselves with it.2.Choose several Ss to describe the restaurant briefly, for example, the room of the other diners.3.Put Ss in groups of three and give each student a task: Student A reports the names of t he dishes mentioned;Student B reports the ingredients of each named dish;and Student C reports what dishes Janet has asked about.4.Play Conversation 1 again.5.Ask Ss to discuss and answer the questions together.Activity 3 Teaching tips Encourage Ss to answer the questions in full sentences first and then fill in the blanks.Additional activity 1.Ask S to form groups of four and do a role-play using the completed table;Student A is the interviewer, Student B is Janet, Student C is Kate and Student D is Mark.2.Student A asks the Qs and Student B, C and D explain the dishes.3.Choose one group to perform their role-play in front of the class.Conversation 2 Activity 6 Additional activity 1.Put Ss back in to their groups of four.2.Ask Ss to read through the conversation, aiming for greater fluency.3.Student A is Janet, Student B is Mark, Student C is Kate and Student D is the waitress.Talking points Additional activity

Challenge Ss to summarize the contrasts between Britain and China without looking at their notes.iii.Outside view Language and culture A Creole is someone with European and African ancestors who live in the West Indies.The term also refers to someone with Spanish ancestors who live in the Caribbean, Central America or South America.Creole is also the name of a language that is mixture of a European language and one or more other languages.It is spoken as the first language of a people.The specific example in the video is the French Creole people of Louisiana who are generally descended from three heritages: early French settlers, African Americans and Native Americans.Many Creoles speak a variety of French, besides English.iv.Listening in

Passage 1 Activity 3 Teaching tips Ask Ss to check their answers by reading the complete transcripts to each other.Encourage fluent and meaningful reading.Passage 2 Activity 6 Teaching tips

Ask Ss to pay attention to the details while listening.The most important information is spoken with stress..Activity 8 Teaching tips

For Q1, ask Ss to work in pairs: Student A expresses opinions which agree with the questions, while Student B disagrees.Encourage Ss to use the content of the unit and their own experiences.Ask Ss to switch roles for the question.v.Presentation skills Language support Some basic English terms for some Chinese dishes which would be known by westerners: Chinese fried rice（炒饭）；stir-fried vegetables（炒青菜）;fried noodles（炒面）;hand-pulled / hand-stretched noodles（拉面）;vermicelli（粉丝）;dim sum（点心）;spring rolls（春卷）;steamed meat / vegetable buns（肉、菜包）;fried / steamed dumplings（煎饺、蒸饺）;spare ribs（排骨）;bean curd(toufu)（豆腐）;hotpot（火锅）;Peking duck（北京烤鸭）;won ton soup（馄饨）;hot and sour soup（酸辣汤）;soup noodles（汤面）;beef / fish balls（牛肉丸、鱼丸）.Ways of cooking in Chinese cuisine: food can be steamed, stir-fried（炒）, deep-fried（炸）, shallow-fried（煎）, braised（炖），roasted（烤）, pan-grilled（平底锅煎烤）, boiled（煮）, baked（烘烤）, stewed（炖烧）, sautéed（爆炒）, and barbecued（烧烤）.Meat and vegetables can be cut into cubes（方块，丁）, small pieces（小片）, strips（丝、条）, and segments（片、节）.They can be sliced（切片）, diced（切块）, shredded（刨丝）, and minced（绞碎）.You can add seasoning（调味料）, herbs（香草料）, onion（洋葱）, spring onions（小葱）, garlic（蒜头）, ginger（姜）, black pepper（黑胡椒）, salt, red / green pepper, chili, paprika（辣椒粉）, oyster sauce（耗油）, soy sauce（酱油）, sweet and sour sauce（甜酸酱、糖醋酱）, and barbecue sauce（烧烤酱）.vi.Pronunciation Teaching tips 1.Choose a sentence or two to read aloud by using a wrong stress pattern and ask Ss to interpret meanings from the wrong stress pattern.2.Read aloud with a correct stress pattern and explain how meanings are expressed with correct stress pattern.vii.Unit tasks

第二篇：新标准大学英语视听说教程4 unittest 答案

U1

DBACA BCDADB

U2

CADBB DAACAB

U3

DAACB BCDDBC

U4

BADAB CABCBA

U5

CBACD DABCBC

U9

DABCB DDBCCC

第三篇：新标准大学英语_视听说教程3原文及翻译

Unit 1 Inside View Conversation 1 Janet: Hi, it’s me again, Janet Li.I’m still a student at the University of Oxford in England.But I’m not in Oxford right now.And I haven’t gone back home to China either.It’s the long vacation now, and believe it or not, it’s the middle of summer.I’m spending my summer in one of the world’s greatest cities.I’m in London, home to the Houses of Parliament, Big Ben, Tower Bridge…and the double-decker bus.I want to find out what it’s like to live in this busy, lively city.So I’m working for London Time Off, a website about what’s on in London.This is Joe…, he’s my boss, and this is Andy, who is a reporter.And what’s my job? Well, I don’t know yet, because it’s my first day.But I’m meant to be shadowing Andy, oh, what I mean is, I’m going to be helping him.So can you tell me something about London, Andy? Andy: It’s the greatest city in the world..Joe: Except for New York!Andy: New York? Don’t make me laugh!Joe: And your point is…? Andy: Look, if you want my opinion, London is greater than New York… Joe: No, I don’t want your opinion, thank you very much.It’s a fact.Andy: A fact!Are you serious? Janet: And here we are in London, probably the greatest city in the world.Andy: What? Probably? Excuse me, I prefer to deal with this myself… Joe: Ah, dream on, Andy………

珍妮特：嗨，又是我，珍妮特.李。我目前还是一位英国牛津大学的学生，但我现在不在牛津，也还没有回中国的家。现在在放长假，而且不管你信不信，现在是夏天的中期。我现在正在世界上最棒的城市之一里度过我的夏天。我在伦敦，它是英国国会大厦、大本钟、塔桥…和双层巴士的故乡。我想知道住在如此热闹和生气勃勃的城市里是什么感觉。所以，我现在在为伦敦下班网效劳。它是一个报道伦敦时事的网站。这是乔，他是我的老板，而他是安迪，一位记者。我的工作是什么呢？这个我也不知道，因为今天是我的第一天，但我会注定跟随着安迪。喔，我的意思是，我将会协助他。那么安迪，你能告诉我一些关于伦敦的事情吗？ 安 迪： 伦敦是世界上最棒的城市。乔 ： 除了纽约以外！安 迪： 纽约？别逗我笑了！乔 ： 那你的观点是… ? 安 迪： 注意，如果你真的需要我的观点，伦敦确实比纽约棒… 乔 ： 不，我不需要你的观点，非常感谢！这是事实！安 迪： 事实！你是当真的吗？

珍妮特：我们现在在伦敦，或许是世界上最棒的城市。安 迪： 什么？或许？对不起，我宁可自己处理这个…

乔 ： 啊，安迪，继续做你的美梦吧...Conversation 2 Janet：So when did you start working at London Time Off?

Andy: About a year ago.Janet: And I hope you don’t mind my asking ,but do you like working here? Andy: Yes, I love it.I mean, Joe and I get along quite well.He drives me crazy sometimes, because he’s my boss, and I wish I earned a bit more money, but…I think my job is really cool, because I get to see everything that’s happening in London.And I didn’t want to join the rat race.Janet: What do you mean by the rat race? Andy: You know, doing the same thing day in day out, and not doing anything creative, or having any time to enjoy life.It’s the last thing I want to do.Janet: So do you mind telling me what you do exactly? Andy: Basically, we check out new events on the London music scene, you know, new clubs, the latest plays and films, as well as exhibitions in galleries and museums.Then we go and film interviews with the musicians or the actors, or anyone who has anything to do with the event.Janet: Ok, then what happens? Andy: We edit the interviews, and then we upload it all onto the website.We get 200,000 hits a week.We’re London’s biggest listings site.Janet: Can I ask you something else? Andy: Fire away.Janet: What are we going to do now? Andy: I need to go back to my flat, and get my research.Then we’ve got an interview to do.Let’s get the tube back to my place.Janet: And what about Joe? Andy: Well, he’s supposed to be on his way to the National Theatre, to do an interview with the director of a new play.But I kind of hope he gets lost on the way.Then he’ll discover what a great place London is.Janet: I don’t understand.Andy: I’m joking!Come on, let’s go!

珍妮特：那么你是什么开始在伦敦下班网上班的呢？ 安 迪： 大约一年前。

珍妮特：我希望你不要介意我的发问，你喜欢在这里工作吗？

安 迪： 是，我非常喜欢。我的意思是，乔跟我相处得挺好的。虽然有时我快被他搞疯了，因为他是我的老板，而且我又希望能多赚点钱，但…我认为我的工作是十分有趣的，因为我能够看到伦敦正在发生的事情。再说，我不愿意自己处在商业中无意义的竞争里。珍妮特：你说的商业中无意义的竞争是什么意思？

安 迪： 你知道，日复一日地做着同样的事情并且不做任何有创意的事或拥有任何可以享受生活的时间。这是我最不想做的事情。

珍妮特：那你介意告诉我你具体都做些什么吗？

安 迪： 基本上，除了新的俱乐部、最新的戏剧和电影，还有美术馆和博物馆里的展览，你知道，我们会关注伦敦乐坛的新动向。然后，我们去采访音乐家或演员或任何与此事件有关的人并将此采访的内容录下来。

珍妮特：好的，那接下来呢？

安 迪： 我们编辑这些采访然后将它们全部都上传到网站上。我们一周就取得了二十万个网路点击数。我们是伦敦最大的数据站点。珍妮特：我能问你其他事情吗？ 安 迪： 尽管问吧。

珍妮特：我们现在要做什么？

安 迪： 我需要回到我的公寓去拿我的研究调查。然后，我们得去做个采访。让我们乘地铁到我家去吧。珍妮特：那乔怎么办？

安 迪： 他现在应该在去国家剧院的路上。他要去给一位新戏剧的导演做个采访。但我有点儿希望他在途中迷路。然后，他将会发现伦敦是多么棒的一个地方。珍妮特：我不明白。

安 迪： 我是在开玩笑！快点，我们走吧！

Outside view Happiness is not what most students have in mind when they think of school.Yet a school in Germany has developed a novel way to raise the morale of its students, by teaching happiness in classes.Students at Heidelberg’s Willy Hellpach School of Economics are learning how to achieve happiness as an official subject, alongside mathematics and languages.This is the first school in Germany to develop a happiness course, intended for 17-to 19-year-olds preparing for university entrance exams.Ernst Fritz-Schubert, the school’s principal, is on a mission to change things.Ernst Fritz-Schubert: It was my idea-I’ve been at this school for 31 years, and I feel that school and happiness have to be reunited.These are two terms which are not considered together, because one does not connect school with happiness.In some cases school comes behind the dentists on the popularity scale and we should try to push schools’ popularity a bit.It has been proved by science that a happy student can learn more than an unhappy one, Unhappy students can concentrate for a while but do not use all their potential.The happiness classes are intended to help students fulfill their potential.They will help the students live happy and prosperous lives.The classes aim to help students in achieving a positive state of mind, by using all their own resources and boosting their self-esteem.In addition, they hope classes will increase self-awareness and physical comfort.Happiness classes are also intended to make students more aware about their environment and society as a whole.During classes students are encouraged to express themselves and observe their peers’ behavior.The classes are taught by Bjoern Bonn, an actor and visiting lecturer.Bjoern Bonn: One of the exercises I do is to have one of the students walk across the classroom, with the others copying his walk.Through this exercise, I hope they learn something about themselves.Why do I move like this? How do others see my way of walking? I hope that with a higher body awareness they ideally –of course it will take time-achieve a higher self-consciousness which could lead to happiness.Wolfgang Lang: We give these classes to students to help them find happiness.Now the question is: How do I define happiness? Happiness is for example a strengthening of the personality.We are providing helpful suggestions to make stronger people.People that ask‚Who am I as a person? Am I really happy?‛

Pascal Gemble: It takes time and everybody has to find happiness for themselves.You cannot go into a coaching lesson and say teach me happiness.One can only get indications from teachers or the visiting lecturers.There are also happiness scientists, if we could talk to one of those, I am sure he would have some hints.Yosma Pinar Cetinkaya: You would think that the teachers are writing definitions on the board.Not true.Those who want happiness have to find it for themselves, you cannot really learn that.So what does it take to be happy and can you learn it at school?

当学生想起学校，快乐不是多数人想到的。目前，德国一所学校已经创造了一种新颖的通过在课堂上教授快乐的方法来提升其学生们的精神面貌。Heidelberg ‘s Willy Hellpach School of Economics 正在研究怎样将快乐实现为与数学和语言一样的官方课程。这是德国第一家开设快乐课程的学校，意欲为17至19岁的学生作高考的准备。

Ernst Fritz-Schubert,学校的校长，肩负着变革的使命。

Ernst Fritz-Schubert：‚这是我的想法—我已经在这所学校呆了31年，我认为学校和快乐必须被重组，这是不被认为该在一起的两部分，因为学生不把学校与快乐联系起来。在某些情况下，学校在受欢迎程度上落后于牙医，我们应该努力推动学校的受欢迎度。

科学已经证明一个快乐的学生能比一个不快乐的学生学到更多。不快乐的学生能在一段时间内集中注意力，但不能发挥他们所有的潜力，这些快乐课程致力于帮助学生发挥他们的潜能，能帮学生生活在快乐繁荣的生活中。‛

这种课程旨在帮助学生们通过用他们自己的特长和激励他们的自尊来达到思想的积极状态。另外，他们希望课程会增加自觉意识和身体素质，快乐课程还致力于让学生意识到环境与社会是作为一个整体存在。课堂期间学生被鼓励表达自我和关注同伴的行为，课程由演员和客座讲师 Bjoern Bonn讲授。Bjoern Bonn：‚我做的其中一个练习是让学生走过教室，其他学生模仿他的步伐。通过这个练习，我希望他们从自己身上学得一些东西‘为什么我像这样行动？其他人怎样评价我走路的方式？’我希望伴随着更高的身体意识他们原则上——当然这需要时间——实现更高的抵达快乐的自我意识。‛ Wolfgang Lang：‚我们为学生们开设这些课程来帮助他们找寻快乐，现在问题是：我该如何给快乐下定义？比如快乐是个性的加强。我们正提供有帮助的建议来使学生更强健，学生会问：我是一个怎样的人？我真的高兴吗？‛

Pascal Gembe：‚这需要花时间，每个人必须为自己找寻快乐，你不可能去一个训练课说：‘教给我快乐’。一个学生只能从教师或客座讲师那得到暗示，另外也有研究快乐的科学家，如果我们能与他们之一交流，我确信他能给一些暗示。‛

Yosma Pinar Cetinkaya：‚你会认为老师在黑板上写下快乐的定义，那不正确。哪些想得到快乐的学生必须为他们自己寻找，你不能真正通过学习得到。‛

既然如此，得到快乐的代价是什么？你能在学校学到它吗？

Listening in Passage one Interviewer: Can you tell me…how do you think you have changed as you have matured?What things have had a major influence on you? Speaker 1 : Well, let me think…I suppose going to university had a big impact on my life.It made me much more open-minded.I met so many different types of people there with weird and wonderful ideas and it changed the way I see the world.I’m much more tolerant now… It made me a more rounded person.Interviewer: Great, and had any particular person had a central role in forming your character? Speaker 1: I guess that’d have to be my grandfather.I was very close to him, and he taught me to stand up for my beliefs.He was always telling me about this… Interviewer: So what people or events have had an impact on your life? Speaker 2: I think that traveling my gap year made me grow up and see both the beauty of the world and, well…just the generosity of ordinary people.I traveled a lot around Asia and you know, I found that in some of the poorest countries, like Cambodia and Laos, people share whatever little they have, and they possess a real joy for life.It’s probably made me a less selfish person.Interviewer: Interesting…so you would recommend that young people take a gap year to discover themselves and the world? Speaker 2: Definitely.It gives you an opportunity o learn about the world beyond the one you grew up in and I found it really…

Interviewer: Could you tell me what things in your life have had the greatest influence in forming your personality? Speaker 3: Well…a couple of years ago I was on a reality TV show where a group of young people all lived in a house together.Each week some one was voted off by the audience.I got down to the final three!I suppose being on the show and seeing how the other contestants behaved made me realize how selfish and spiteful some people can be just to get what they want.I also realized it’s best to just be yourself in life.If you pretend to be someone different people will eventually see through the lies.Interviewer: Right…And how did you feel when you were eventually voted off? Speaker 3: Relieved, to be honest with you.But you know, a slight regret that I didn’t win because I kind of…

Interviewer: So you can tell me, what one thing do you think that has had the biggest impact on your life? Speaker 4: Hmm, that’s a difficult question.But I think helping victims of the tsunami in 2004 had a very great impact on me.I’m half Thai and I’d just arrived in Thailand for a family Christmas holiday.When I heard the news I knew I had to help-you couldn’t not.I ended up acting as an interpreter for a group of volunteer doctors.It was an incredibly difficult time but you know, even in the middle of such a horrific tragedy there is still a huge amount of genuine human kindness.Interviewer: That’s amazing!And has it changed the way you view your future…

采访者 你能不能告诉我…你认为在你渐渐成熟的过程中产生了怎样的变化呢？什么事情对你产生了主要的影响？

发言人1 嗯，让我想想… 我认为上大学对我的生活产生了重大的影响。大学生活让我的思想更加开明。我在那遇到了太多不同类型的人，他们有着奇特而又令人称赞的想法。这让我改变了我看世界的方式。我现在宽容多了… 上大学让我成为了一个更加全面的人。

采访者 太棒了…那有没有一些特殊的人在你的性格塑造上产生主要影响呢？

受访者1 我觉得这个人应该是我的祖父。我和他非常亲近，是他教会了我要坚持自己的信仰。他总是这么和我说…

采访者 那什么人或事对你的生活产生了重要的影响呢？

受访者2 我认为在我的空档年旅行让我逐渐成长，让我同时看见了世界的美丽和…单单是普通人的慷慨。我去亚洲游玩了很多地方，你知道的，我发现在一些最贫困的国家，像柬埔寨和老挝，人们会分享

他们所拥有的一切，无论多少。因此他们拥有对生活最真的快乐。这很可能让我成为一个不那么自私的人。

采访者：很有趣。所以你建议年轻人在大学前的那一年里去发现自己和整个世界么？

受访者2:：当然了，它能够给你一个机会去了解你生活环境之外的世界，而且我觉得它很…… 采访者：你介意告诉我，在你的生活中，什么事情对你的人格的形成起了最重要的影响么？

受访者3：恩，几年前，我参加一个电视真人秀的时候，年轻人都住在同一个房子里。每一个星期，都会有人根据观众的投票而离开。我坚持到了最后三名！我想通过参加这次活动，以及观察其他参赛者的行为，让我认识到了一个人为了达到他的目的，可以多么的自私与居心叵测。同时我也认识到了在生活中，最好做自己。如果你试图去做其他不同于自己的人，别人最终会看穿这个谎言。采访者：那么，当你最后被投票要离开的时候，你是什么感觉？

受访者3：说实话，我感觉如释重负。但是你知道，还会有一点儿遗憾，我有些…… 采访者：那么你可以告诉我，在你的生活中，什么事情对你起到了最大的影响么？

受访者4：恩，这是个很难回答的问题。但是我想在2004年的时候帮助海啸受难者给我了巨大的影响。我有一半的泰国血统，那时我刚刚到达泰国去参加家庭的圣诞聚会。当我听到这个消息的时候，我知道我必须去帮助他们——你不可能什么都不做。我最终成为一名医生小组的口译员。那是一个十分艰难的时期，但是你知道，即使是在这样巨大的灾难之中，仍然会有很多人性的善良。采访者：真的很震惊！那么它改变了你对未来的想法么？

Passage two Tony: Talking to us today in our Life Choices series is Joan Robinson, an academic counselor at Manchester University.She gives advice to school students on choosing the right subject to study at university.Joan, welcome to the show.Joan: Thanks Tony.Tony: So Joan, what do our listeners need to think about when choosing a course? It’s a huge, potentially life-changing decision, isn’t it?

Joan: Yes.I generally give students advice in two areas.Firstly, know yourself, and secondly, think to the future.Tony: When you say ‚know yourself‛ what do you mean?

Joan: Basically, I mean evaluate your own personal strengths and weaknesses, your personality traits and the things you like.Tony: I see…So how can our listeners do this?

Joan: Well, start by asking yourself questions to help reflect on your life so far.For example, what subjects are you good at? Are you an organized and self-disciplined person? Are you confident and outgoing? Do you like working with others in a team or do you prefer working alone? These kinds of questions will help you discover more about yourself.Tony: Sounds like good advice.How about your second point regarding the future? Joan: Well, your choice of major subject is likely to have a significant impact on your future career so it’s important to look into this carefully.I recommend you check not only which academic subjects will help you get into a particular area of work, but also look carefully at what universities offer.Each university has its strengths so try to choose one that is the best in your chosen field.Find out what links the department has to related industries and leading companies in it.Tony: Good point.Now I’d like to take some calls from our listeners.First up we have James on the line.Hi, James!How can we help?

James: Hi.I’m interested in career in IT and I’d like to ask Joan whether she thinks it’s better to go to a highly respected university, like Oxford, or to study somewhere that has more of a vocational focus? Joan: Well, James, you know it really depends on what you expect to get out of a university and how you see your future.Basically a handful of the brightest graduates are picked from the top universities around the world to join the leading IT companies.So I’d say if you’re a high-flyer then this is the route that might be for you.But if you are looking for a more mainstream career then you should consider a course that helps you acquire practical, transferable skills that you can use in the workplace…and look at which universities have the best levels of graduate recruitment for the kind of job you are aiming for.James: I see!Thanks a lot.That really helps me out…

Tony：今天我们生活选择栏目的嘉宾是曼彻斯特大学的学校顾问乔恩·罗宾逊。她将会给学生们一些在大学里如何去选择正确的学科的建议。乔恩,欢迎来到我们的节目。Joan: 谢谢，托尼。

Tony：那么乔恩，我们的听众在选择课程时需要考虑些什么？这是一个重大的，可能改变生活的选择，对吗？

Joan：是的。我一般给学生们两个方面的建议。第一，要了解自己；第二，要对未来持有看法。Tony：你说的‚了解自己‛，具体是什么意思？

Joan：基本上，我的意思是要评价自己的优缺点、性格特征和兴趣。Tony：明白。那么我们的听众要怎么做到这一点呢？

Joan：目前，要从自我反思开始。例如，你擅长哪一科？你是不是一个有条理的，能自律的人？你是不是自信的，开朗的？你喜欢在一个团队中与别人合作还是孤军奋战？这些问题能帮助你更多地了解自己。

Tony：听起来就是个好建议。那你的第二个关于未来的建议呢？

Joan：你选择的主修课程很有可能对你以后的工作有重大的影响，所以，仔细地对专业进行调查是很重要的。我要求的不仅仅是调查哪一个专业能让你找到好工作，而且要仔细地查阅一下学校提供的资源。每一所大学都有自己的特色，所以要试着选择在你选择范围内的最好的一所。并且要找到那一所大学与相关工厂和首席公司之间的关系。

Tony：好主意。现在我们进入到听众热线的环节。第一个连接上的听众是詹姆斯。詹姆斯你好！我们有什么能帮助你的？

James：你好。我对IT行业很感兴趣，我想问一下乔恩，她认为进入一所受到尊重的学校，例如牛津大学好，还是选择一所更加注重技术实践的学校好？

Joan：很好，詹姆斯，你知道这完全决定于你想要从大学里得到什么还有你对未来的看法。基本上，大把的精英都是从世界顶尖高校中被挑选出来进入到领先世界的IT公司工作。我想说，如果你是一个有野心的人，这可能是一条属于你的路。但是，如果你正在寻找主流行业，那么你应该考虑一门能帮助你锻炼在工作中有用处的实践能力与可传递能力的课程，和比较一下在哪一间大学里，你的目标专业的就业率最高。

James：明白了！非常感谢，这些建议真的让我豁然开朗。

Unit 2 Inside view Conversion 1 Janet Hey, look at that!It’s just like I’ve seen it in the films!Andy Welcome to London, my hometown.We are in Shoutwark, south of the river.there’s London bridge off to your left, and there’s Tower Bridge.Janet I’m really impressed.How old is it? Andy It’s only about 120 years old.Janet well, that’s quite old.Andy the London Docks used to be around this area.What happened was that about three or four times a day, they raised Tower Bridge, so the bigger ships could come right into London.But because they couldn’t go under London bridge, they had to stop and unload here.Janet Does Tower Bridge still open? Andy well, not so often.When I was a kid, I think I saw tower bridge go up fairy often, all the traffic had to wait for the ships to pass through the bridge.Anyway, just this side of London bridge were lots of warehouses, where they kept their cargo.But during the second world war, there was lots of bombing over London… Janet yes, I read about that…the Blitz? Andy that’s right.And even when I was a kid, I remember that many of the buildings were still damaged.But in the late 1980s and 90s, this whole area was redeveloped, you can see for yourself, it’s a trendy place to live now.Janet is the river thames still polluted? Andy well, it certainly used to be polluted.I remember it had a very distinctive smell, if you fell in, they used to take you to hospital.Janet that’s sounds revolting!Andy yes, but in the 1960s, they cleaned it up, and in fact it’s now one of the cleanest city rivers in the world.翻译：

珍妮特 嘿，看那！和我在电影里看到的一样啊！

安迪 欢迎来到我的故乡伦敦。我们现在是在河的南边---southwark,在你的左边是伦敦大桥，那边是

伦敦塔桥。

珍妮特 真让人叹为观止啊！他有多长的历史了? 安迪 只有大概120年吧。珍妮特 已经很久了。

安迪 轮的码头以前就在这附近，他们以前每天都会吧塔桥升起来三四次，以便让大船进入伦敦，但船又不能通过伦敦大桥，所以只能在这停下来下货了。珍妮特 塔桥现在还会开放吗？

安迪 嗯，偶尔吧。我小的时候经常看到塔桥升起来，当时所有的车都会停下来等桥下的船通过。伦敦桥这边还有许多他们用来存放货物的仓库，但伦敦在二战期间遭到了许多轰炸。珍妮特 是的，我在书上看到过，德国空袭，对吧？

安迪 没错，甚至在我小的时候，还有许多遗留下来的被毁建筑，但在80年代后期到90年代，这边整个区域都重建了。你看，现在这已经是一个很时髦的居住地了！珍妮特 泰晤士河现在还是污染的吗？

安迪 以前是，记得以前这有股很特别的味道，你一旦掉下去，就会被送去医院。珍妮特 听起来有点恶心。

安迪 是的，但60年代已经被清理干净了，实际上它现在已经是世界上最干净的河流之一了。

Conversion 2 Janet It is very different from the parts of London I know.Andy The thing about Southwark is that it’s a typical suburb of London, full of old buildings and shops.And this is where I grew up.I used to live in that building there.Janet It’s amazing.It looks very old.Andy Yes, it’s about 80 years old Janet And where did you go to school? Andy Let me see.Yes , it was about a mile away from here.From about the age of eight, I used to go by bike.We all made our way to school on our own, meeting up with friends along the way until there was a large gang of us kids as we got closer to school.These days parents are much more protective and take their kids to school by car.It’s safer, but it’s not as much fun.Anyway …where was I? Janet You were telling me about your schooldays.Andy That’s right.Anyway, I stayed at school until I was 16,and then I went to a college of further education, and did my A levels.And after that, I decided to go to university.Janet Your parents must have been proud of you.Andy Yes, I think so.I was the first person in my family to go to uni.Janet That’s fascinating.Andy And what about you? Janet Oh, it was a typical childhood in Anshan, nothing much to tell.Andy But I have no idea what a typical childhood is like in China.Janet OK, I will tell you.Let me think…

Andy Oh, hang on!Do you mind waiting here for a minute? Let me go up to my flat and get my research, and then you can tell me about it while we’re on our way back to the studio.Janet OK Andy Back in a minute…

珍妮特 这和我看到的伦敦的其他地方很不一样啊。

安迪 守特瓦是一个很典型的伦敦郊区，这有许多古老的建筑和商场。这是我长大的地方，我以前就住在那栋楼里。

珍妮特 哇！看起来很古老。安迪 是的，有大概80年了吧。珍妮特 对了，你去哪上学的？

安迪 让我想想… 对了，离这大概一里远。八岁起我就开始骑车上学，我们都是自己去的。一路上我们会碰到很多同学，到学校的时候已经是一大帮人了。而现在的父母过度的保护自己的孩子，每天送他们上学，这当然安全些，不过没有趣。而且……我说道哪了？ 珍妮特 你在讲你的学生时代。

安迪 对了，而且我在学校呆到16岁后又进了进修学校，并且参加了大学入学考试。后来我又决定上大学了。

珍妮特 你父母一定为你感到骄傲吧！

安迪 我想是吧，在家里我是第一个上大学的。珍妮特 你太棒了。安迪 你呢？你怎么样？

珍妮特 噢，那是在鞍山一个很典型的童年，没什么太多可讲。安迪 但还不知道在中国典型的童年是什么样的啊！珍妮特 好吧，我来告诉你，让我想想……

安迪 噢，你先停下，在这等我一下好吗？我先回宿舍拿下调研资料，然后在回录音室的路上你再慢慢讲给我听。珍妮特 好吧。安迪 我马上回来。

Outside view HELP THE CHILDREN Around the world,many children are living in poverty.Many children live in countries where there's war.Many children do not get enough to eat.Some of these children are suffering from malnutrition.Many children in the world can’t go to school.One agency that is helping these children is UNICEF.UNICEF means the United Nations Children's Fund.UNICEF has more than seven thousand people working and one hundred and fifty_seven countries around the world to help children.One country where they are doing a great deal of work is Afghanistan.A whole generation of children in Afghanistan has never known peace,until recently.Now UNICEF is bringing food for malnourished children.They're bringing medicine.Here A medical team travels on horseback to bring medicine to a remote mountain village.And UNICEF is helping the children get an education.“During the time of Taliban ,we have made a survey among 40000 kids.And ,they all say that the first thing they want is peace,and the second thing that they want is ,was education.”The Taliban destroyed almost 2000 schools.Under the Taliban ,girls weren't allowed to attend school at all.“Well,over 50 percent of the school has been destroyed completely,in the rest of the 50 percent schools which,eh,eh,needs repair.We are trying to accommodate all the children in the schools.”Some of these schools are in people's home.This is a home school in Kabul.The teacher,Habiba Kilwati,has been running the school for 12 years.She supervises 26 other schools like it.“We want to learn,so wo can become teachers,doctors,or engineers,and be like normal students.”It was dangerous

for children to go to school.Under the Taliban,police punished families whose children went to school.Today,children are happy to be in school.“This morning I had some tea and an egg,and came to school.I have notebooks ,pencils,erasers,and friends,and fun here.‚UNICEF is helping rebuild the educational system in Afghanistan in many ways.UNICEF is helping to train teachers.They're rebuilding schools,they're printing textbooks,and delivering books and other supplies to schools.This girls school was closed under the Taliban.Now,it's opening again.It has room for 960 students.These girls are happy to be back to school.”I'm very disappointed and sad that I wasted six years.There was no education then.I tried to study then with my parents,but it's not the same.It wasn't so bad,but now I'm much happier because the schools are reopening.“"We plan to open the schools,and get these children enrolled,and back in school,and to give them back their education so they can read and write.”“When the Taliban came to power and closed the schools,girls stayed at home.Now there's an oppotunity for them to continue their education.We are very happy about this.We can be proud of our girls,our young people.They can go back to school.UNICEF is working on its mission to bring food,medinine and education to the children of Afganistan.In the process,they're also bringing hope.帮助儿童

当今世界，很多儿童生活在贫困中。他们生存在充满战争的国家。很多孩子食不果腹。他们中的一些人甚至营养不良。他们不能上学。UNICEF是一个帮助这些孩子们的组织，是各个国家联合帮助儿童的机构。现有700人在这里工作，157个国家联合帮助这些儿童。其中需要做最多工作的国家是阿富汗。这里的孩子们甚至从不了解和平，直到不久前。现在UNICEF为营养不良的儿童们带来了食物和药。医疗队骑马为遥远山村里的人们送去药物。并且，他们还帮助孩子们重获教育。‚在塔利班时期，我们在40000孩子中做了调查。他们都说最渴望的事情是和平，然后是教育。‛塔利班摧毁了将近2000个校园。在这形式下，女孩们根本不允许上学。‚多于一半的学校被完全摧毁，另一半的，则需要重修。我们正努力使孩子们都能上学。‛一些学校设在人们家里。这是一个在喀布尔的家庭学校。这位教师Habiba Kilwati，已经管理这家学校12年了。她像这样同时主管其他26所学校。‚我们想学习，这样我们可以成为教师，医生，或者工程师，就像其他正常的学生一样。‛孩子们上学其实是很危险的。在塔利班控制下，警方会惩罚那些有孩子上学的家庭。现在，孩子们因为能上学而高兴。

‛今天早上我喝了一些茶吃了一个鸡蛋，然后来上学。我有笔记本，铅笔，橡皮和伙伴们，而且还有快乐！‛在阿富汗UNICEF正通过许多方式来帮助重建教育系统，并培养教师。他们重修校园，印刷教材，并给学校发书和其他所需物品。这是一所因塔利班而被迫关闭的女生学校。现在，它又开放了。它可容纳960个学生。女孩们因可以重返校园而开心。‚我因浪费了6年时光而感到沮丧和伤心。那时没有教育，我只能向我父母学习，但现在不一样。虽然跟父母学习不是非常糟糕，因为现在学校重新开放我非常开心。‛‚我们打算开放校园，让孩子们入学，重返校园，并给他们教育使他们可以读书和写字。‛当塔利班执政并关闭学校时，女孩们只能呆在家里。现在这是他们的机会去继续学业。我们因此而非常欣慰。我为我们年经的女孩，年轻的孩子们感到骄傲，他们可以重返学校。UNICEF不断尽职负责的工作，给阿富汗的孩子们带来食物，药物和教育。在这过程中，他们不断给予了希望。

Listening in Passage1 One of the strangest feelings I’ve ever had was when I returned by chance to a place where I’d

been happy as a child.My husband and I were visiting some friends for the weekend-----they lived about 200 kilometers away.We were driving along when I suddenly saw a church in the distance that I recognized.My favorite aunt had lived very near it on a farm that my brother and I used to visit once a year with our parents.We were city kids, brought up in the middle of London, and this was a working farm-----the real thing-----with cows in cowsheds, fields with ponds and a muddy yard full of smelly pigs-----we had the run of the whole place-----it was just paradise for us.And then-----there was the food-----home-made jam and bread and cakes, milk fresh from the cow.And my aunt Lottie-----a farmer’s wife-----and her husband, uncle George and their kids, Katie and Ben, our two cousins who my brother and I really got on with.It was heaven that week we used to spend there.They moved from the farm when I was… how old?-----about 14.So I’d never been back or seen it again.Anyway, there we were, and I’d just seen the church-----, so we turned off and drove down this really narrow lane.And before I knew it we were in front of Aunt Lottie’s farm.The extraordinary thing was that it hadn’t changed------not one tiny bit.It was a lovely old place with a typical country cottage garden, full of flowers.There were lots of barns and sheds-----they were next to-----next to the farm.And you know, I can’t even begin to describe the feeling I had standing there.It was-----oh, what was it? an incredibly powerful feeling of longing-----nostalgia for the past-----for times I’d been very very happy.But it was the past.I hadn’t been there for 20 years and I couldn’t go back, so also I had a feeling of huge sadness, that I couldn’t have those times again.And-----at the same time-----great sweetness, because those times had been so happy, so innocent-----because I was a child.So there was this extraordinary mix-----of longing, sadness and sweetness, all at the same time.It was the strangest feeling I’ve ever had.译文：

我曾经有过的最奇怪感觉就是当我偶然间来到我童年时十分快乐的地方。当时我和丈夫在周末去看望朋友们，他们都住在200公里外的地方。就在我们沿路开车的时候，我突然看见了在远处有个熟悉的教堂，我最爱的婶婶曾经住在附近的农场，爸妈每年都带我和哥哥去那里。

我们我无法再拥有曾经的那段时光。但同时，我心中又如此甜蜜，只因那时的我是那样开在伦敦市中心长大，是城里的孩子，而这个农场又是一个真正的劳作的农场，那里有住着奶牛的牛舍，带池塘的耕地，满是臭猪的泥院子。我们在整个农场里疯跑，那里就像是我们的天堂。

然后，就是吃的，有自制的果酱、面包、蛋糕和刚挤出的新鲜的牛奶。我的婶婶Lottie和她的丈夫，也就是我的叔叔，以及他们的孩子-----我们的两个侄子Katie和Ben，我和哥哥跟他们都相处很好。那里是我们曾经渡过每一天的天堂。但是，他们从农场搬走了，当我，呃，多大的时候？呃….大概是14岁的时候吧。所以我再也没回去过或是看见过。

无论怎样，我们来了，我又看见了那个教堂，于是我们转弯开进这条很窄的小道。但我们不知道的是我们到了Lottie的农场前面，更加奇妙的是它没有变，一点儿也没有。

那是一个可爱的有着满是鲜花的旧式传统乡村别墅花园。很多很多的仓库和小屋，一个一个的在农场附近。你要知道，我甚至不知如何描述我站在那里的心情。那种心情，哦，是什么心情？一种难以置信的强烈的留恋-----对过去的留恋------对曾经美好时光的留恋。然而，那已成为过往，我已经离开那里20年了，我之后也从没回去过，所以我仍有一种很强的失落感，因为心，那样天真，只因我那时是个孩子。所以我心中同时拥有了一种及其奇妙的情感的混合，留恋，失落，甜蜜。那是我所拥有的最奇怪的感觉了。

Passage2 Script Interviewer: So what's your first memory of school, Kevin? Kevin: I was really looking forward to school, I remember that, I just couldn't wait.Yeah, Johnny, my brother, was a year older than me and he seemed so grown-up, with his red blazer and smart shoes.And I wanted to go to school and be grown-up too.I don't remember much of the first day actually, apart from this little boy lying on the floor and screaming and screaming and me thinking what a baby he was.Interviewer: Right!What about you, Eva? Eva: I just have this one memory of this coat rack with all our coats.And I was looking for my peg which had a little picture of an elephant next to it.I remember I was crying because I wanted to go home and I couldn't get my coat on.I was crying so much and then the teacher came and helped me.Interviewer: OK, so what about your first best friend at school? Kevin: Oh, yeah, well, Steve, I remember him, because he's still my best friend!Interviewer: Still your best friend!Eva: That's so great!Kevin: Yeah, we didn't know each other before we started school but we became really good friends and so did our mums.Our families ended up going on holiday together and that kind of thing.But we used to fight a lot, Steve and I, and the teachers used to get very cross with us.But we were just having fun.Interviewer: Cool!And what about you, Eva? Eva: My best friend was a girl called Robina.She had short blond hair, I remember I thought she looks like an angel.We sat next to each other and held hands and played fairies in the playground.She left in Year 3 and I cried for days.Interviewer: Oh, how sad!So what about the day you left school? How was that? Eva: I had a lot of mixed feelings, I remember walking home with this amazing feeling of freedom, you know, no more rules, no more bossy teachers.But I also felt pretty sad, because I'd had some good times.I was in a group of girls who were so supportive of each other.Kevin: I couldn't wait to leave, I was counting the days.I just wanted to get a job, get a life, earn some cash.The day I left, I went out to celebrate with a couple of my mates and--had a very good time!翻译

采访人：那么你对学校的第一印象是什么呢，凯文？

凯文：我真的很期待去学校，我记得当时我都等不及了。是的，我哥哥强尼只比我大一岁，但他穿上他的红色夹克衫和时髦的鞋子，看上去那么成熟。于是我也想去学校，然后变得成熟起来。事实上我对开学第一天的印象不是很深，只记得有个小男孩躺在地板上不停地哭闹，我觉得他真像个小宝宝。采访人：是呀！那你呢，伊娃？

伊娃：我只对那个挂满我们外套的外衣架有记忆。那时我一直在找我的桩，它的旁边有一张大象的小图片。我记得当时我因为想回家却穿不上外套而哭的很厉害，以至于后来引来了老师帮我。采访人：好吧，那你们上学后第一个好朋友怎么样了？

凯文：嗯，史蒂夫，我记得他，因为他到现在还是我最好的朋友！

采访人；还是你最好的朋友！伊娃：那太好了！

凯文：是呀！我们在开学前并不认识，但无论我们俩还是我们的妈妈都成了好朋友。我们两家常常一起度假什么的。但以前史蒂夫和我两个人经常打架，老师也经常对我们发脾气。但我们还是觉得很开心。采访人：真酷！你呢，伊娃？

伊娃：我最好的朋友是一个叫罗比娜的女孩。她有一头金黄色短发。我记得当时我觉得她看上去像一个天使。我们坐在一起，一起举手回答老师的问题，一起在操场上玩耍。可是她在3年级的时候离开了，我为此哭了很多天。

采访人：噢，太令人伤心了！那么你们离开学校那天怎么样？是什么情况？

伊娃：我当时百感交集。我记得我走在回家路上时有一种惊人的自由感。你知道的，再也没有规矩，再也没有专横的老师们。但我还是非常难过，因为我也有过非常开心的时刻，我在一个互相支援的女孩群体之内。

凯文：那时候我等不及的要离开，甚至在数日子。我只想找到一份工作，好好生活，赚点钱。在我离开学校的那天，我和我的一群伙伴到外面去庆祝，并且玩得很开心！

UNIT3 Inside view conversation1 Janet: So where are we now? Andy: This is the West End.It’s famous for cinemas and theatres.I used to work in a theatre near here.Janet: Really? What did you do? Andy: I moved the scenery between acts in the play.If I’m not mistaken, I worked on Pygmalion by George Bernard Shaw Janet: If I remember correctly.That was made into a musical film, wasn’t it? My Fair Lady? I remember seeing it on TV.(Phone ringing)Andy: Oh, oh, it’s Joe.(Andy picked up the phone)Andy: Hey!...Yes, we’re on our way…I don’t think we’re that late.Chill out Joe, we’ll be there.(Andy hung up the phone)Andy: Anyway, come on, we’d better get a move on.Janet: How far is it from here?

Andy: It’s not far.Maybe five minutes’ walk.Joe gets cross if I’m late.Joe: Hello Janet, hello Andy.Late as usual.Andy: Actually, by my watch, I’m bang on time.Joe: Well let’s get on with it.This is Toby Jenkins, the theatre critic.Toby: Nice to meet you, are you ready to start? Andy: Hang on a minute!Janet, can you check the sound level? Can you hear me ok ,Janet？Janet? Janet: Hi Andy, I can’t hear you.What’s up? Andy: Can you hear me now? Janet: Ouch!Yes, that’s much louder.Joe: Let’s stop wasting time please.Just get on with the interview, will you? Janet: 那么，我们现在在哪？

Andy: 这是伦敦西区, 他因影院、戏院而出名.。我曾在这附近的一家戏院里工作过。.Janet: 真的？你当时做什么？

Andy: 我在一出剧中的幕间移动布景，如果我没搞错的话，我参与的是皮革马利翁这出戏的工作，剧本是由萧伯纳写的。

Janet: 如果我没记错的话。它被改编成了一部歌舞片，不是吗？——《窈窕淑女》,我记得在电视上看过这片。（电话响了）

Andy: 噢，Joe打来的。(Andy 接起电话)Andy: 嗨…对，我们已经在路上了。我不觉得我们真的像你说的那么晚.。别紧张Joe, 我们会到那的。（Andy挂了电话）

Andy: 不管怎样，快点把，我们最好动身了。Janet: 这里离目的地多远？

Andy: 不远，可能走五分钟就到了，我们迟到的话，Joe会生气的。Joe: Janet、Andy你们好啊，你们还是像往常一样迟到了。Andy: 事实上，照我的表来看，我们到的正准时。

Joe: 算了，我们别说这个了。这位是剧评家Toby Jenkin Toby: 很高兴见到你，你准备好开始采访了吗？

Andy: 等一下，Janet，你能检查一下音量吗？你听得请我说话吗Janet？Janet? Janet: 嗨Andy, 我听不见你说话，怎么回事？ Andy: 现在听得见吗？

Janet: 哎呀…听见了，清楚多了

Joe: 拜托，咱们别浪费时间了。快点开始采访，行不？

Conversation2 Andy: And we’ve got Toby Jenkins here with us today, who has just been to see the latest show at The Hippodrome La Clique.So La Clique is slightly different from the usual shows we see here in the West End these days.Can you tell me something about it, Toby? Toby: Yes, It’s a kind of cabaret, with a series of variety acts set in a kind of circus, but it’s very contemporary, extremely well produced and huge fun..Andy: Tell me more about the acts.Toby: Well, there are stunts performed on a high wire, and puppets.There’s a sword swallower and juggler, and a rubber man who manages to pass his whole body through a tennis racquet.Andy: It sounds very unusual.Toby: Yes, for the West End today, but not so unusual for 30 or more years ago.Andy: So, It’s family entertainment then? Toby: Ah, no.I’m afraid it’s pretty adult, but very funny and stylish.Andy: Did you get that ok, Janet? Joe: Let me have a listen…

Janet: Oh no, did I do some thing wrong? Joe: Well, It’s just that I can’t hear anything.Let’s try again…

Andy: Did you remember to keep an eye on the sound levels? That meter, there!.Janet: Oh no, I clean forgot.Andy: It’s Ok.We’ll just do another take.Joe: Come on you two.Hurry up!Janet: I’m so sorry.It slipped my mind.Joe: You’ll forget your own head one day.Sorry about this, Toby.From the top, please.Andy: And we’ve got Toby Jenkins here with us today…

Andy: 今天我们很荣幸地邀请到Toby Jenkins接受我们的采访, 他刚刚在The Hippodrome剧院看了最新公演的La Clique。那么，La Clique和我们近期在伦敦西区看的表演略微有点不同，能就这一点和我们谈谈吗？

Toby: 好的，这算是一种余兴节目,在某种马戏表演中穿插一系列演出,但这些演出都是非常有时代性的，制作精良，而且很有趣。.Andy: 能更多地谈谈那些演出吗？

Toby: 好的，其中有杂耍演员在高空钢丝上的表演、有木偶表演、吞剑表演、魔术表演、还有个柔韧性很好的人从一个网球拍中成功地钻了过去。Andy: 听起来确实很特别。

Toby: 是的，对于现在的伦敦西区来说是很特别, 但对于三十多年前来说，就没那么特别了。Andy: 所以说，这是老少咸宜的娱乐形式喽？

Toby: 不，恐怕这更适合成年人，但确实很流行、也很有趣。.Andy: Janet，这些你都录好了吗? Joe: 让我听听看

Janet: 哦不，我做错什么了吗？

Joe: 问题是，我什么都听不见啊。我们再试一次.Andy: 你有留心音量控制器吗? 就是那个表。Janet: 哦不，我忘得一干二净 Andy: 没事，我们再录一次就行了 Joe: 快呀你们两个！快点！Janet: 太抱歉了，我一不小心忘了.Joe: 没准哪天你连自己的脑袋都忘了。Toby,我们对此感到很抱歉，请从头开始。.Andy: 今天我们很荣幸地邀请到Toby Jenkins接受我们的采访……

Outside View The Mona Lisa, the most famous painting in the world, was trully revolutionary even in its time.While he was painting the Mona Lisa, Leonardo da Vinci broke all the rules, even his own.In spite of the fact that Leonardo and other aritists believed that women should only be portrayed with eyes gazing slightly down.Leonodo painted the Mona Lisa looking directly

at the viewer.The positon of her body is another innovation.While her face looks straight ahead, her body is slight turned, a pose that creates a sense of movement and tension.In another break from tradition, the Mona Lisa is not wearing any jewellery or adorments.Finally, backgrounds in portraits usually indicated a real place but the landscape in Leonardo’s portrait seems almost imaginary.A:One of the things I like to do is, um, think about her face and why, what is she trying, why, what is she trying to say with her face and I used to think that her face told more than one story.For instance, if I covered up one side of her face, it seemed like she might be a little sad or resevered, almost secretive.S:Her eyes are, they’re kind of looking at us or around us, through us perhaps.I think with that painting she is the viewer and we are the subject in a way.And she has this look that she knows somehting that we don’t know.A:And then when I coverd up that side and looked at the other side, she seemed happier, um, more satisfied.And togher, it created sort of the mystery about her that, um, made interpreting her face very enigmatic.S:There’s speculation that the Mona Lisa is a self-portrait of Leonardo and I, I believe that it is, there, there, the features do line up between the Mona Lisa and sketches of Leonardo.Scott McMahon and Anne Pfaff are both portrait artists.They believe that portraits can tell a story and make people think, just as the Mona Lisa has done for so many years.A:When I was young, um, I was always interested in, um, reading books about people and, and the dynamics, different kinds of relationships they had and so when I became a painter it was natural for me to be interested in painting poeple and looking for similar kinds of stories to tell about them that you might read in a book.S:Uh, most of my work consists of photographic self-portraiture.Um, I’m interested in using myself as th subject, um, not only as the creator of the image but as the, the character, or the performer of, of the images.So in my portraits I’m trying to capture, um, a deeper essence of a person, um, more or less.This work here is done with a pinhole camera, which requires a very long exposure so, with a portrait you can get this feeling of time passed.It’s not a, it’s not an instant, per se, it could be five minutes of exposure.A:So this is another project I’m working on.I’m almost finished with it but I still need to work on the reflections in the wather, um, and the face of the boy before it’s finished.S:I often work with multiples and, you know, using a mirror or the same image twice and what I wanted to do was link the two portraits together with the string.It’s kind of the string of thought or this idea of remembering or the resilience of memory.A:I don’t just paint from photographs.I try to make a work of art.Um, I try to make a painting that goes beyond a mere photographic image.I try to capture something about the soul of the, or the essence of this person.S:This piece here is, uh, it’s called The Measure of Decay and behind the piece there are portraits, again, of me I have this clay covering on that has cracked and so it’s, it’s kind of like the process of decay.So as each portrait goes around you can, you can see the image in a different focus.I love painting portraits.A:I love painting but portraits are very special because they’re about people.S:I’m fascinated by portraiture in general, and the human body and how the image lives over time.I like to capture what is unique and special about an individual in paint.蒙娜丽莎，作为世界上做最著名的画，在当时的时代是完完全全颠覆性的。列奥纳多·达·芬奇在创作这幅画的时候突破了一切的规则限制，甚至是他自己的。在达芬奇创作的这幅画中，尽管他其他广大艺术家都认在画像中妇女只能以眼睛微向下看的姿态出现，可是他仍然将蒙娜丽莎画为直视着看画者。她的身体则是另外一个突破。当她的脸是对着正前方的时候，她的身体略微转过一个角度，这个姿势将一种动感和张力结合到了一起。另外一个突破传统的就是蒙娜丽莎没有佩戴任何的珠宝或者是装饰品。最后一点，肖像画的背景通常指向一个真实的地点，而列奥纳多的肖像画的背景看起来都是梦幻一般的。

安普法夫：我喜欢做的一件事情是，恩，思考她的脸还有为什么她是这样的姿态，她想通过她的脸传达什么，我曾认为她的脸告诉我们不止一个故事。比如说，如果我遮起她的脸的一边儿，她看起来会有些悲伤或者说是沉默寡言的，几乎是遮遮掩掩的。

斯科特麦克马洪：她的眼睛是那种像看着我们，又像看着我们周围，或许还是穿过了我们。在一定程度上，我想在这幅画中，她是旁观者，而我们却成了画的主题。她的这种表情仿佛表示出她知道某些我们不知道的事情。

安普法夫：而后当我遮起她的另一边脸看刚才一边的时候，她看起来快乐一些，恩，或者说更满足的。整体一起看的时候，它又有一种关于她的神秘感，恩，让理解她的脸变的难以捉摸。

斯科特麦克马洪：有一种猜测说蒙娜丽莎这幅画是达芬奇的自画像，而我认为，这些特点是集合了蒙娜丽莎还有达芬奇的素描。

斯科特麦克马洪和安普法夫都是肖像画艺术家。他们认为肖像画可以讲述一个故事而且令人深思，就像多年前蒙娜丽莎这幅画的作用一样。

安普法夫：当我年轻的时候，恩，我喜欢，恩，读关于人的书，还有关于人的相互关系的，他们之间各种各样的关系，所以当我成为一个画家的时候，很自然地我会去关注画人还有在书中找寻相似的故事去讲述它们。

斯科特麦克马洪：恩，我的大部分工作由摄影自画像组成。恩，我很乐意将自己作为主题，恩，不仅仅是画的创作者，而且是画的主角或者是表演者。所以在我的肖像画作品中，我试图去抓住，恩，或多或少一个人的更深层的本质。这儿的这个工作需要借助针孔摄像机完成，它需要很长的曝光时间，所以你可以在这个肖像画的过程中感受到时间的流逝。它并不是，并不是一个瞬间的，它本身可以是五分钟的曝光时间。

安普法夫：这是我正在进行的另一个作品。我几乎快要完成了，可是在真正完成之前仍然有一些工作，比如说水的反射，恩，还有这男孩儿的脸。

斯科特麦克马洪：你知道的，我工作的时候经常和倍数打交道，还有用镜子或者相同的东西两次，我所想要做的是将两幅肖像用一根线联系起来。那是一种思想的线，或者说是记忆，还有记忆的重现。安普法夫：我不仅仅是按照图片作画。我试图做关于艺术的工作。恩，我试着画一种超越了仅仅是图片的画。我试着捕捉一些关于人的灵魂或者是关于人的本质的东西。

斯科特麦克马洪：这里的东西，恩，叫做衰退的测量，在这张陶土的后面是一些肖像，再一次，我将陶土中间弄碎，所以它是，它像是一种衰退的过程。所以，当每一幅肖像转动的时候，你可以，你可以在不同的焦点上看这些画。

安普法夫：我喜爱画肖像画。我喜欢画画但是肖像画是非常特殊的，因为它们是关于人的。

斯科特麦克马洪：我通常被肖像艺术所吸引，还有人的躯体和这些画是如何在岁月中存活下来。我喜欢在画中捕捉一些独特的东西还有有关个体的一些特质。

Listening in conversation 1 Lily: So what was the highlight of your trip to(South)Korea? Hugh: Well that's…let me see...it's got to be going to see Nanta.Lily： What on earth is Nanta?

Hugh：It's this amazing live show-part theater-part dance-part music.Lily: Sounds really interesting.But why’s it so brilliant? Hugh: I think it's the energy of the performers.Also it has a unique concept.It's a mixture of traditional Korean music, percussion and drums, into a western style performance Lily: I've never heard of it.Has it ever been performed in the West? Hugh: Yeah, it's been a sell-out.They've toured in over 30 countries since the show began in 1997.It's a non-verbal performance so there are no language barriers.That's what's made it an international success.Lily: What else makes it so special then? Hugh: Well...the other thing is that all the action takes place in the kitchen.You see these four chefs preparing the food for a wedding reception.The performers use knives, dustbin lids and various other kitchen utensils to create a hypnotic soundtrack.The food literally flies everywhere!It's hilarious.Lily: That sounds quite funny I must admit.Is there an actual story though? Hugh: Oh yes, there is a story.The four chefs have to prepare the meal by 6 o'clock and they also have to give the manager's nephew cooking lessons too, which adds to the fun.There’s loads of audience participation and despite there being no language involved you get completely engrossed.It's really quite wacky!Lily: And what about the audience? I suppose they start throwing food around…? Hugh: Not quite!But they are totally involved in what's going on-everyone loves it.It's a really great family show.In fact it's one of the best shows I've ever seen.Jim, my friend, says he takes all his visitors.He's seen it about eight times and still loves it.Lily: I bet it's popular with tourists then.Hugh: Well apparently over a million foreign tourists in(South)Korea have seen the show and it's had a run on Broadway too.It first got popular after they appeared at the Edinburgh Festival.Now they are planning to tour more cities in Asia where(South)Korean popular culture is becoming incredibly trendy.Lily： By the way what does‚Nanta‛ mean?

Hugh：It means random drumming in Korean.The English name for the show is Cookin’, which gives you a clearer idea of what it's all about.Lily： You've got me interested now.I'll have to check it out on the internet.丽莉：这次你的韩国之行有什么让你难忘的事情么？ 休： 额。。让我想想。。应该是去看Nanta这件事吧。丽莉：到底什么是Nanta? 休： 他是个很精彩的舞台剧，应该说是戏剧，舞蹈以及音乐的大综合吧。丽莉：那听起来挺有意思啊。不过它为什么那么精彩？

休： 我想应该是因为演员们的活力吧。还有就是这个舞台剧本身包含一个很独特的概念。它是一种将传统朝鲜音乐，打击乐器和鼓融合进西方风格的表演 丽莉：我从来没有听说过她，这个节目在西方国家上映过么？

休： 当然，而且场场爆满。自1997年这个节目正式开始表演以来，Nanta的表演团队已经游遍了三十多个国家。Nanta是一个非语言类的表演，因此演员与观众之间不存在语言交流的障碍，而这恰恰就是让它在全球范围内取得成功的原因。丽莉：它还有什么让它变得如此特别的亮点？

休： 额。。说道其他的特点的话，应该就是表演中所有的事情都发生在厨房。你会看到4个主厨在厨房

中为准备婚宴餐点而忙碌。演员们用刀具，垃圾箱的盖子以及其他各式各样的厨具来制造出令人着迷的音效。舞台上的各种食物简直就是在飞来飞去，这很有意思的。丽莉：我承认，这听起来很有趣。但是表演内容中有没有一个完整的故事？

休： 有啊，那四个主厨必须在6点之前准备好婚宴晚餐，同时又要给经理的侄子上烹饪课，这些元素都使整部节目充满笑点。节目中还包含大量观众参与互动的环节，尽管节目与语言毫不相关，但每个人都全神贯注于其中。这真的有点古怪，不是么？

丽莉：来谈一谈观众们的反应吧，我猜他们一定开始四处仍食物了吧？

休： 并非完全如此。但他们确实全都沉浸在整部节目中，毕竟每个观众都喜爱它。这是一部非常适合家庭成员一起观看的表演。说实话，他是我所看过的节目中最好的节目之一。我的一个朋友Jim说，他会带他所有的客户来看这节目。他已经看过约8次了，却仍不厌烦。丽莉：我打赌它肯定很受旅客们的喜爱

休： 恩。。显然，成百上千到韩国旅游的游客都看过这部节目，而且nanta也在百老汇上演过。当初，Nanta在爱丁堡的庆典上开始受到世人的瞩目。而现在，Nanta节目组正准备在更多的亚洲城市进行巡演，韩国的流行文化显然在这些地方十分地受欢迎。丽莉：顺便问一下，Nanta是什么意思？

休： 在韩国，它是胡乱击鼓的意思。他的英文名是Cookin’s,英文名可以让你更好地理解这个节目的主题。

丽莉：好吧，你的话激起了我对他的兴趣。我要上网查一查它了

Listening in Conversation 2 Interviewer: Kathy Richards is a specialist art tour guide.Kathy-can you tell us what trends you've noticed in recent years? Kathy: Well, one of the biggest phenomena I've noticed is a huge increase in visitors to galleries-and a growing interest in modern art in general.Interviewer: What do you think the reason is for that? Kathy: Well, there are several reasons, I think.The most important ones are firstly, that some new contemporary art galleries have opened which have had a lot of publicity, and secondly the younger generation feel more comfortable with modern art so the kind of people visiting galleries is changing.Finally, the new generation of galleries have become destinations in themselves...they tend to be housed in amazing buildings.Interviewer: So which are the most popular new galleries? Kathy: Well, the Tate Modern in London has had over 30 million visitors since it opened in 2000.The annual average is now over 4.5 million.The Museum of Modern Art, or MoMA in New York is an older gallery, it was founded in 1929 but has been recently renovated and expanded.This work was finished in 2006 and it had over 2.5 million visitors in the first year after reopening.Another very successful new gallery is the Guggenheim in Bilbao in Spain.It opened in 1997 and now gets about a million visitors a year.Interviewer: Those are pretty impressive figures.Maybe the fact that the Tate Modern is free to visit might have something to do with it? Kathy: It's true that entrance to the permanent collection is free but the numbers of people visiting the temporary exhibition are also high-and the entrance fee is usually about ten pounds.Interviewer: Do you have to pay to get into the other galleries you mentioned?

Kathy: Oh yes.You do.Admission to MoMA is 20 US dollars and the Guggenheim in Bilbao costs eight euros.Interviewer: Do people mind paying, do you think? Kathy: No, I don't think they do mind.Most people feel the fees are reasonable considering the outstanding collections of priceless works of art that they get to see.Interviewer: You mentioned that the buildings that art galleries are in can be an attraction themselves these days...Kathy: Well, yes, the Guggenheim has literally revitalized the whole city and put Bilbao on the tourist map.It's got a futuristic, curvy metallic structure and people love it.The Tate Modern has helped redevelop an old industrial area beside the River Thames.The gallery itself is actually inside a huge , old, brick power station.And MoMA is interesting as it's in downtown New York.Interviewer: And who visits these galleries? What's the profile of the average art lover? Kathy: Well, in the past museums and galleries were seen as appealing to the older generation.But in fact, 48 percent of visitors to the Tate Modern are under 35...采访者：凯西·理查是专业的艺术导游。凯西，你能告诉我们你所注意到的这方面近几年来的趋势吗？ 凯西： 好的，我所观察到的最重要的现象之一是：到美术馆参观的人数剧增，公众对现代艺术的兴趣更浓厚了。

采访者：你认为产生这种现象的原因是什么呢？

凯西： 我认为，有以下几点原因。最重要的是，首先，一些当代开放的新型美术馆宣传有力；其次，参观人员逐渐年轻化——新一代更能接受现代艺术；最后，新的美术馆本身也成为了参观者的目的地之一，因为画作大都被陈列于令人惊叹的建筑物中。采访者：那么，哪些新型美术馆是最受欢迎的呢？

凯西： 伦敦的泰特现代美术馆自从2000年开放以来已经拥有超过3000万的访客总数，而它现在每年的平均参观人数超过450万。纽约的现代艺术博物馆，或者我们叫它MoMA，是一所历史悠久的美术馆。它于1929年建立，但是最近进行了修葺和扩建。其整修于2006年完工。自它重新对公众开放后，第一年就有超过250万的参观者。还有一所非常成功的新型美术馆，它就是坐落在西班牙毕尔巴鄂市的古根海姆博物馆。它于1997年建成，并拥有每年100万的游客量。

采访者：真是些令人咋舌的数字。泰特现代美术馆所拥有的惊人访客量与它的免费开放有什么关联吗？ 凯西： 去参观长期的馆藏画作的确是免费的，但是参观临时展品的游客依然众多，虽然票价通常在10英镑左右。

采访者：那么，人们去刚才你所提到的另两所美术馆需要门票吗？

凯西： 噢，是的，当然需要。MoMA需要20美元，而古根海姆博物馆需要8欧元。采访者：你认为参观者们在乎这样高昂的票价吗？

凯西： 不，我不认为他们介意。大多数人们认为，考虑到那些他们即将看到的优秀而无价的收藏品与艺术品，这样的价格是合理的。

采访者：你刚才的话中提到，那些保存有杰出画作的建筑，在现在同样具有吸引力。

凯西： 是的，像古根海姆博物馆，它在毕尔巴鄂的出现简直赋予整座城市以新的活力，并且令这座城市出现在了旅游地图上。人们喜欢它那充满未来主义气息的曲线型金属结构。泰特美术馆则帮助泰晤士河畔的老工业区重获生机，其本身，便是由一个有一定历史的大型砖石结构发电厂改建而成。至于MoMA则很有趣，因为它坐落于纽约的市中心。

采访者：那么来美术馆参观的一般是些什么人呢？这些艺术爱好者们大致上的分布情况又是怎样呢？ 凯西： 在过去，博物馆和美术馆被认为是老一代的‚专利‛，但事实上，泰特美术馆48%的参观者年龄都在35岁以下……

Unit4 Inside view Conversation 1 Joe: So, you’re all set for the interview with Janet’s Chinese friend? Andy: Sure, we’re meeting him tomorrow at midday.Joe: And Janet, you’re OK to give Andy a hand?

Janet: Yes.Thank you very much for giving me another chance after last week.Joe: Just remind me...why are we interviewing this guy? Andy: It’s part of our background series to ethnic restaurants in London.We did Indian last month.Joe: OK, well, just remember that there’s no such thing as a free lunch!Now, anything else we need to do for next week’s guide?

Andy: We’ve got the upcoming London Video Games Festival in Trafalgar Square.Joe: Video games? In Trafalgar Square? Andy: Yes, about 100,000 people attended last year.Janet: But how did they do that outdoors? Andy: Well, they put up a huge tent ,and there were demos of the latest game software to try out.Janet: Is that the kind of event that we usually cover on London Time off? Andy: Sure, why not? It’s very popular!Remember our slogan: the essential guide to going out and staying in.Joe: Let’s plan something for that...Can we try to think about something which will go with it? You know，something along the lines of how ways of getting music and TV into our homes have changed.Andy: You mean people download music instead of buying CDs? Joe: Yes, or on how many people check out the music on You Tube first.That all sounds very promising.Maybe we can run a feature on traditional entertainment and new technology.Look, I’ll let you get on with the rest of the planning and we’ll speak after lunch.Joe: 那么，你们都要前往采访Janet的中国朋友？ Andy: 当然，我们约好明天中午见面。Joe: Janet,你能做好Andy的助手吧?

Janet: 嗯，经历上周那件事后，很感谢你还能再给我一次机会.Joe: 这正好提醒了我，为什么我们要采访这个家伙? Andy: 这是伦敦源民俗餐馆系列的一部分，我们上个月完成了印度那部分。

Joe: 好的，不过记住‚天下没有免费的午餐‛！现在，对于下周的导航节目我们还有什么事要做吗？ Andy: 我们打算做关于即将在特拉法尔加广场举行的伦敦节的内容。Joe: 电子游戏? 在特拉法尔加广场? Andy: 是的，去年将近100，000人参加了呢。Janet: 但是他们是怎么在户外举办这次这场活动的呢？

Andy: 他们搭建大的帐篷，那里有许多最新的游戏软件的示范产品可供试玩。Janet: 它就是那种我们经常在伦敦假日上报道的事吗？

Andy: 当然，可不就是嘛。它非常流行，记住我们的口号：出门或居家，我们都不可或缺。

Joe: 让我们计划一下。尝试想一下什么东西可以与之相匹配。你知道的，现在获取音乐和电视节目的方式已经改变了。

Andy: 你的意思是说人们通过下载音乐而不是购买CD来获取音乐？

Joe: 是的，或者说关于现在有多少人在You Tube试听音乐。这些听起来都很不错。或许我们可以做一个关于传统娱乐方式和现代科技的特别报道。我会让你们跟进剩余的计划。我们吃完饭再谈

Conversation 2 Janet: Going back to technology and tradition...why not we do something on the rise of e-book readers? Andy: That’s a good idea.They’re not like books.They’re more like hand-held computers.Janet: But the trouble is, every time I read a book on-screen, it hurts my eyes.Andy: Yes, but the great thing about them is you’ll never run out of things to read!Janet: But there is nothing quite like a good old-fashioned book.Andy: Maybe, but don’t you read more words online than on paper? I’m sure I do.Janet: Excuse me.I’d better check this.Andy: And you read more text messages than anyone else!Joe: Is someone using mobile in here? Can’t you understand the sign? I’m doing a recording in the other studio, and I’m picking up the electronic signal.Janet: Oh, it’s my fault.I should have realized...Andy: That serves you right!Janet: Oh no, I keep making such a mess of things!Andy: Just ignore him!It’s no big deal!

Janet: But what you’re saying about e-readers, that’s a good lead-in to a report on how new technology is changing so fast.Andy: It’s good, smart thinking, Janet!Janet: And I also messed up the recording with Toby Jenkins.Andy: Forget about it, Janet!Everyone could have done that.Joe started the recording before I had time to adjust the level.It wasn’t your fault.Anyway, somebody once said, technology doesn’t run an enterprise, relationships do.Don’t beat yourself up about it.Janet: I suppose that’s true.Well, I’ll make sure I get it right next time.Janet: 回到科技与传统这个话题，我们何不在电子阅读器的增长这方面做些研究。Andy: 好主意，它们看起来并不像书，而更像是掌上电脑。

Janet: 但是缺点是，每当我在电子屏幕前看书，眼睛就会觉得刺痛。

Andy: 是的。但是他们也有个突出的优点，你永远不用为没有阅读材料而发愁。Janet: 但是他们始终比不上传统的好书。

Andy: 或许吧。但难道你不觉得你在网络上的阅读量远大于在纸上的吗？我觉得是这样的。Janet: 不好意思，我最好还是看一下。Andy: 而且你能比其他人阅读更多的文本信息。

Joe: 有人在使用移动电话吗？拿到你看不懂这个标志？我正在工作室录音，需要接收电子信号呢。Janet: 噢，都是我的错。我本应该意识到的。。Andy: 这是你应得的待遇！

Janet: 唉，我为什么总是把事情弄的一团糟。Andy: 忽略他吧，这没什么大不了的。

Janet: 你刚说电子阅读器什么的。那是一个关于现代科技快速改变的报告的很好的引入。Andy: 非常好，你的思维很敏捷，Janet.Janet: 但是我同时也搞砸了Toby Jenkins的节目录制.Andy: 别把它放心上，Janet.每个人曾经都犯过这样的错误。在我还没来得及调整音量的时候Joe就已经开始录制节目了。这不是你的错。无论如何，曾有人说过，科技不能创造成功，而关系可以。所以不要过分自责。

Janet: 我希望如此。我下次会小心，不再犯这样的错误。

Outside view To fly like a bird.It’s a desire that captures the human imagination.The Greeks told stories of Daedalus, an inventor who created wings made of wax and feathers and flew.The first person who seriously tried to fly like a bird was an Italian artist and inventor, Leonardo da Vinci.Da Vinci designed complex and wondrous flying machines, but his designs never got off the ground.Early inventors, like da vinci, tried to fly by flapping, just like birds.Here is what happens when a bird flaps: When a bird flaps, thrust and lift and control are created at the same time.Lift is the force that keeps the bird elevated.Lift is generated by the air under the bird’s wings.Thrust is the force that keeps the bird moving forward.Thrust is generated by powerful muscles in the bird’s chest and wings.The bird maintains control by constantly adjusting its flapping.Much of a bird’s control is generated by its tail.A successful flying machine needed to provide the same forces that a bird used, A successful flying machine needed to provide lift to overcome gravity, control to let the driver change direction.And thrust to make it move forward.And it needed to be light enough to stay in the air.Once inventors understood these three challenges separately, and stopped trying to flap,they made progress.One inventor was the Brazilian pilot and aviator Alberto Santos-Dumont.Santos-Dumont experimented with balloons.He flew his lighter-than-air flying machines in France.In 1901, Santos-Dumont was the first to fly from Sant Cloud to the Eiffel Tower and back in a given time.Meanwhile other inventors were working on heavier-than-air flying machines.With these aircraft, lift was a big problem.German flyer, Otto Lilienthal, tackled the problem of lift.He built many large gliders, constantly refining their design.Lilienthal made thousands of flights from the top of a hill.Some that lasted as long as five hours.But he eventually died in a tragic crash.Lilienthal successfully mastered the challenge of lift, but he did not master the challenge of control.The Wright Brothers were inspired by Lilienthal’s inventions.The Wright Brothers started

to develop and test their own flying machines.In their Ohio workshop, they built a wind tunnel and study aerodynamics.Through trial and error, they discovered how the shapes of different wings affected lift.They added a tail that moved, a stabilizer that made the front steady, and wings that were more flexible.Their 1902 glider was the first aircraft that was completely controllable.The next year they added a customed-built engine that provided thrust.The engine powered them forward and increased distance and duration.On December 17th, 1903, after about 1000 text flights, the Wright Brothers flew the first powered airplane over the sand dunes of North Carolina.Santos-Dumont invented heavier-than-air planes, too.In 1909, he developed a monoplane called Demoiselle, or the Grass Hopper.It was the first modern aircraft.After that, advances in aircraft design came quickly.More powerful engines were invented.New lightweight materials were developed so aircraft could go higher and faster.By World War Two, strong metal replaced the canvas and wood of earlier planes.In 1947, text pilot Chuck Yeager went faster than the speed of sound in a rocket-powered plane that looked like a bullet with wings.The invention of the jet engine made even higher speeds possible and pushed aircraft design in new directions.But technology doesn’t always push to go faster.With new ultra-light materials, the human-powered gossamer makes it almost possible for people to fulfill the age-old desire and fly like a bird.像鸟一样飞。这种渴望激发了人类的想象力。希腊人讲述了有关代达拉斯的故事，他发明了用蜡和皮毛制作的翅膀并且飞了起来。第一个认真地尝试像鸟一样飞起来的人是意大利的艺术家、发明家李奥纳多达芬奇。达芬奇设计了一种复杂奇妙的飞行机器，但是他的设计从未实现。像达芬奇一样早期的发明家，试着通过鼓翼而飞，就像鸟一样。以下是当鸟拍打翅膀时发生的事：

当一只鸟拍打翅膀时，推力和升力以及对飞行的控制都在同时间产生。升力是保持鸟上升的力。它通过鸟翅膀下的空气流动产生。推力是保持鸟向前运动的力，它由在鸟胸部和翅膀上强有力的肌肉产生。鸟通过持续不断地调整摆翅从而维持对飞行的控制。一只鸟的飞行控制大部分是由它的尾巴实现的。一个成功的飞行机器需要上述要素。一个成功的飞行机器需要提供升力来克服重力，还能够操控好让驾驶员改变方向，并且要有推力使其前进。同时它还需要足够轻才能待在空中。一旦发明家们了解了这三个难题，并且停止继续尝试鼓翼的方法，他们就能够取得进步。有位发明家叫作Alberto Santos-Dumont，他是巴西的飞行员。他用气球做实验，在法国起飞他的轻飞行器。1901年，Santos-Dumont是第一个在规定时间内往返飞行于圣克劳德和埃菲尔铁塔的人。其间，其他的发明家也在努力研发着重飞行器。对于这些飞行器，升力是个巨大的问题。德国飞行家Otto Lilienthal克服了这个问题。他建造了许多大型的滑翔机，并且不断地改良着设计方案，在一山丘的顶上进行了成千上万次飞行实验，有些持续飞行了5小时之久。但是他最终在一次悲惨的撞击中去世了。Lilienthal 成功解决了升力的难题，可惜却没能掌握机身的控制。莱特兄弟被Lilienthal的发明所鼓舞，开始改进并测试他们自己的飞行器。在他们俄亥俄州的车间，他们建造了一个风洞和机翼模型，帮助他们了解学习空气动力学。通过无数的试验和错误，他们终于探索出不同形状的机翼是如何影响升力的。莱特兄弟们在飞机上增加了机尾，以及使前端更加稳定的稳定装置，并且使用了更加灵活柔韧的机翼。他们1902年发明的滑翔机是第一个能够完全可控的飞行器。次年他们添加了一个定制的引擎来提供推力。这个引擎为他们前进、增加飞行距离和飞行持续时间提供了动力。1903年12月17日，在将近1000次的试飞后，莱特兄弟在北卡罗纳州的沙丘上飞起了第一假机动飞机。Santos-Dumont也发明了重飞行器。1909年，他改进了单翼机，命名为Demoiselle或者叫Grass Hopper。它是第一架现代飞行器。在那以后，飞机的设计飞快地进步着。更多强劲的引擎被发明出来。新型轻型材料也改进了，以至于飞机能飞得更高更快。二战前，坚固的金属取代了早期飞机的帆布和木头。1947年，试飞员Chuck Yeager在一假长得像带翅膀的子弹的火箭推进动力飞机里飞得

比声音还快。喷气式引擎的发明使得更快的速度成为可能，同时促使飞机向新的方向设计。但是技术并不总是向更快迈进，借着超轻型材料的出现，如薄纱做的人力驱动飞机使得满足人们像鸟一样飞翔的夙愿成为可能。

Listening in Passage1 Traditional jobs like the chimney sweeps and coal miners from our history lessons don't really exist anymore.During the 20th century the number of people working in agriculture and manufacturing decreased significantly.In contrast, the number of people doing office-based jobs has more than doubled from 18 percent of the working population in 1901, to over 40 percent by the end of the 20th century.Modern society has changed the way we work but these changes are not always positive.They can also create problems we may not be aware of.What does the modern office mean for the nation's health, for example? Well，firstly, office jobs are sedentary.We're sitting at our desks all day working on computers.And this means we're not exercising our bodies in the way people used to when they did more traditional jobs.It's not surprising then that we're all putting on weight.In fact, a fifth of adults over 16 were classified as over weight in 2001.But there are other less obvious dangers connected with office work.Repetitive strain injury, or RSI, another disorders like muscle strain, neck and backache are a growing problem.It's estimated that in 2002, over a million people suffered from these kinds of health problems.As a result, 123 million working days were lost.The cause is simple: long periods spent sitting at the computer typing and using a mouse.Many companies now employ ergonomic experts to ensure staff are sitting correctly at their computers and take frequent breaks from typing to try and prevent injury.Another problem of the modern office is the building itself.People tend to feel tired and irritable after a day stuck inside a modern office and often get colds and flu.This phenomenon is known as ‚sick building syndrome” and it's caused by several factors.First of all, in many offices there is a lack of natural air and light.Secondly, within the enclosed space of an office environment, there is a high concentration of electronic devices.And as well as this, air-conditioning systems in large buildings recirculate the air around the office, carrying germs from workstation to workstation.Research suggests sick buildings syndrome can be found in roughly 30 percent of new or refurbished buildings.But there is some good news for office workers.A lot of companies are making efforts to improve office workplaces.They're installing better lighting and ventilation.They're increasing the number of plants.And they're encouraging employees to take regular breaks from their computers.So if anyone listening is in an office, take this simple advice: get up, have a stretch, open a window-if you can-and think of ways you can stay healthy in this most unnatural environment.类似打扫烟囱和挖掘煤矿这类出现在我们历史课本上的传统工作将不会继续存在下去。20世纪，从事农业和工业劳动的人数急剧减少。与之相反的是，在办公室里办公的人员人数从1901年仅占劳动力总数的18%增长到20世纪末的40%，翻了一倍。现代化的社会改变了我们的工作方式，但这些改变并不总是积极的。它们也可能产生一些我们意料之外的问题。

例如，现代化的办公对于国民的健康意味着什么呢？首先，办公室的工作往往缺少身体活动。我们常常坐在电脑前工作一整天。这就意味着我们没能像过去从事传统劳动人们那样在工作中锻炼我们的身体。

这样一来我们体重增加就没什么值得吃惊的了。事实上，在2001年16岁以上的成年人中有五分之一属于超重人群。

另外，还有一些由办公室工作带来的并不太明显的危险。例如重复性的肌肉拉伤和紧张劳损，还有一些其他的身体混乱症状例如肌肉拉伤，颈部以及背部的疼痛问题越来越多。据预计，在2002年，超过100万人将会遭受上述的健康问题，这将导致1230万个工作日的损失。造成这种现象的原因很简单：长期坐在电脑前打字和使用鼠标。

现在许多公司雇佣人类工程学专家来确保员工在电脑前坐姿正确并且在操作电脑中足够频繁地得到休息，以此避免长时间工作带来的伤痛。

在现代办公室中存在的另一个问题是办公室这个建筑物本身。人们常常在现代办公室里呆上一整天后感觉到疲劳和急躁，并且常常患感冒和流感。这个现象被称为‚室内空气综合症‛，它是由多种因素引发的。首先，在许多办公室中缺少自然的空气和阳光。其次，在办公室的封闭环境中聚集着大量电子设备。另外，在大型建筑中的空调系统使办公室中的空气不断循环，将病菌从一个工作区带到另一个工作区。研究指出，在大概30%的新建或翻新的办公室中存在室内空气综合症患者。

但这里也有一些关于办公室共工作人员的好消息。许多公司都在努力提升室内工作环境。他们正在提供更好的的照明和通风系统，增加室内植物的数量，并且鼓励员工在使用电脑的过程中有规律地休息。如果有人正在办公室里收听该文的话，请听从下述简单建议：站起来，伸展一下四肢，打开窗户（如果你做得到的话），然后想想你该怎么样在一个很不自然的环境下保持健康。

Passage 2 Karen: Jim, you’ve been a farmer for a long time.Can you explain how farming methods have changed? Jim: Well, in the past, most agriculture was small-scale and labour-intensive, and on the whole worked in harmony with nature.But in the last 50 years, things have changed dramatically, particularly in the industrialized world.Now 41 percent of the world’s farmland is managed intensively.Karen: And what does this mean in practice? Jim: You see, nowadays, most farms have high productivity which，in one sense, is a good thing.However, it can mean that vast areas are the farmed with the same crop.Hedgerows are removed and chemical pesticides and fertilizers used.This has a negative effect on the ecosystem and destroys other forms of natural vegetation and local wildlife.Karen: So do you think we are interfering too much with nature? Jim: Obviously farmers these days need to produce enough food at a reasonable price.But I think the problem is that modern agriculture encourages the use of a unlimited numbers of species of each crop.Some traditional varieties of apples or grains, for example, are becoming extinct.The new varieties of seed they sell need pesticides and fertilizers and aren’t as resilient to pests as many tradition varieties.And they don’t always produce higher yields for farmers.Karen: And how about wild life? Jim: Well, modern agriculture sometimes kills off wildlife which it also needs for its own survival.In order to bear fruit, 75 percent of flowering plants need to be pollinated.This is traditionally done by bees, butterflies and birds whose populations are actually declining Honey bees are essential for more than 90 commercially grown crops.Farmers in California, for example, now have to release millions of bees to pollinate their almond trees.Karen: So what in your opinion is the answer?

Jim: Going back to more traditional ways of farming.Small-scales farms are producing a variety of crops and working with nature.Farmers can leave some land uncultivated to create ‚wildlife corridors‛.This will provide a habitat for a variety of traditional plants as well as for the bees and insects needed to pollinate them.Another solution is planting indigenous，or local species.For example, in Africa researchers are encouraging farmers to plant a local wild species of mango that actually produces fruit in four years.Most cultivated varieties take 12 years.People are also starting seed banks to conserve local varieties of plants for the future.Karen: And is there anything ordinary people can do to help? Jim: Well, there are several practical things we can all do that will help, for example… 凯伦：吉姆，你当农民已经很久了。你能解释一下耕作方式是如何改变的吗？

吉姆：嗯，在过去，大多数农业是小规模的和劳动集约化的，且从世界范围看是于自然和谐共处的。但在过去的五十年间，事情已经发生了巨大变化，特别是在工业世界中。现在世界上的百分之四十一的耕地是集中管理的。

凯伦：那么这在实际耕作中代表着什么呢？

吉姆：你看，现在大部分农场有较高的生产力，在某种意义上是一件好事。然而，这也意味着在大片土地上种植着同种作物。不使用篱笆却使用化学杀虫剂和化肥。这对生态系统造成了负面的影响，破坏了自然植被和当地的野生动物。

凯伦：那你觉得我们是不是对自然的干扰过多了？

吉姆：显然，目前农民需要生产足够的食物并在合理的价格内出售。但我认为问题是，现代农业鼓励对各种作物品种的无限量使用。一些传统的粮食品种，例如苹果或谷物，正处于灭绝的过程中。他们出售的新品种的种子需要杀虫剂和化肥，抗虫性不如传统品种强，并且它们通常不是高产作物。凯伦：那么野生动物的情况又是怎样的？

吉姆：嗯，现代农业有时杀死那些和自身发展有关的野生动物。为了结果，百分之七十五的开花植物需要授粉。这通常都是通过蜜蜂，蝴蝶和鸟类来完成的，但是实际上它们的数量正在减少中。蜜蜂对超过九十种经济作物都是至关重要的。例如在加利福尼亚州的农民，现在不得不放养上万只的蜜蜂来保证他们杏树的收成。凯伦：那么您认为答案是什么？

吉姆：回到更传统的农耕方式。小规模的农场能生产出多种作物并促成与自然的和谐共处。农民可以少开垦一些土地，为野生生物提供住所。这将为传统植物以及需要用来授粉的蜜蜂和昆虫提供栖息地。另一种解决方法是种植具有代表性的或是本地的物种。例如，在非洲，研究人员鼓励农民种植当地的一种野生芒果，这种芒果实际需要四年来结果。而现在大多数种的芒果需要经过十二年结果。人们也开始使用种子银行来为未来保存自己本地的植物。凯伦：那么普通人可以做些什么呢？

吉姆：嗯，有许多我们可以帮得上的，例如……

UNIT5 INSIDE VIEW Conversaion1 A:I love Chinese,but is the food around here typical? J:Well,it depends what you mean by typical.This is mostly Cantonese food from the south,excepet for the roast duck,which is from Beijing.But it is different from the food where I come from in the northeast.A:And which is better? J:Er,well,in my opinion,I think~ Oh,look,here he comes.Hi,Tony.T:Hi,Li Hui,ni hao.J:Ni hao.Tony,this is Andy,my colleage.A/T:Hi.J:We were wondering if we could ask you some questions about life in Chinatown.A:I don’t know if Janet’s told you,but we are doing a series of reviews on ethnic restaurants here in London for London Time Off.T:Ok,I see.A:And the thing is,everyone eats Chinese and Indian food,but we want to put a bit of background and history on the website.Are you up for this? T:Ok,fire away.A:What I suggest is,if you’ve got time,we will do some filming around here,and then we will put the research together back at thestudio.A:Janet,are you ready with the sound this time? J:Ok.A:Just remember to keep the needle out of the red zone.And don’t forget to stop us if there’s too much background noise.J:Ok,thanks.A:Tony,you work here in Chinatown.Do you live here as well? T:No,in fact,very few Chinese actually live in Chinatown.A:And in comparison with Chinatown in say,San Francisco or Sydney,is it larger or smaller? T:I would say it’s much smaller.Really.It’s only three or four streets.A:And the business here,is it mostly restaurant trade? T:Yes,as well as the supermarkets,which stock produce from China.A:我喜欢中国菜，但这附近有代表性的食物吗？

J:嗯，这取决于你说的典型是什么意思。除了北京烤鸭，这里大多是中国南方的广东菜。但这里的广东菜和我家乡的东北菜不同。A:你认为哪里的更好吃呢？

J:嗯，我认为~ 喔，你看，他来了。嗨，Tony!T:嗨！李慧，你好！

J:你好，Tony！他是我的同事Andy.A/T:嗨。

J:我们在想你是否可以回答我们一些关于唐人街生活的问题。

A:我不知道Janet是否告诉你了，但我们是在为London Time Off做一系列的有关伦敦异国风味餐厅的评论文章。T：好的，我明白了。

A:话说，每个人都吃中国菜和印度菜，但我们想在网上放一些有关的文化背景和历史知识。你能帮助我们吗？

T:没问题，你问吧。

A：如果你有时间的话，我建议我们在这附近来录一段短片，等回工作室后将调查材料整合在一起。A:Janet,这一次调好声音了吗？ J:好了。

A:记得把图标移开红色区域。如果背景噪音太大，记得叫停。J:好的，谢谢你的提醒。

A:Tony,你在唐人街工作，那你也在这住吗？ T：不住这，事实上，很少中国人真正住在这。

A:和旧金山或悉尼的唐人街相比，伦敦的唐人街更大还是更小呢？ T:更小，真的，这里只有三四条街。A:这里的商业活动大多是餐厅生意吗？ T:是的，还有卖中国货的超市。

Conversation2 A:So where do you call home? T:Like lots of people,my grandparents came from Hong Kong in the 1950’s.But I’m a British-born Chinese.So I guess this is home now.A:So how long has here been a Chinese community in London? T:For 200 years.When the Chinese first came to London,they arrived as sailors,so they lived in the East End by the Docks.A:And how did they make their living? T:restaurants mostly,but they were also famous for running laundries.A:And why did Chinesetown move over here? T:At the start of the 20th century,some of them move to the West End,which is the entertainment district to open Chinese restaurants.And gradually,the Chinese from all over the London met friends and did business here.A:And does it still feel like a traditional Chinese community? T:Oh,sure.You saw the Chinese gateway and we celebrate Chinese New Year along with the Chinese all over the world.A:Thanks.T:You are welcome.A:How is it going,Janet? J:It’s fine,that’s about three minutes of material.A:Ok.Let’s wind it up.Tony,thank you very much,that was really interesting.Very grateful.T:No problem.Now,are you hungry?How about some dimsum and crispy roast duck? J:Sounds great.I’m starving,thanks.T:Don’t mention it.Let’s go back to my restaurant.A:Sure,I’m starving too.All this talk about food,thanks,Tony!T:You’re welcome!A:那你认为哪里才是你真正的家？

T:嗯，像很多人一样，我的祖父母在二十世纪五十年代从香港来到这里。但我是一个在英国出生的中国人，所以我现在把这里看成是我的家。A:华人聚集在伦敦有多久了呀？

T:两百年了。中国人第一次来到这里是以海员的身份来的，所以他们住在东区码头。A:那他们是如何谋生的？

T:大多是靠开饭店，但他们也以经营干洗店出名。A:那为什么唐人街搬到这里？

T:二十世纪初，他们中的一些人搬到了西区，到那片娱乐区开中餐馆。渐渐地，来自伦敦各地的中国人在这里约朋友，做生意。

A:现在的唐人街感觉还是个传统的中国社区吗？

T:当然是，你可以看到中国式大门，我们也会和来之世界各地的中国人一起来庆祝中国新年。A：谢谢你的回答。T:不客气。A:怎么样呀,Janet? J:很好，录了大约三分钟。

A:好，可以结束了。Tony,太感谢你了，你讲得非常有趣，非常感谢！T:这没什么。你们现在饿了吗？吃些中式点心和香脆烤鸭怎么样？ J:听上去不错，我现在饿坏了，谢谢你。T：别客气，走吧，到我的餐厅去！

A:好的，我也好饿啊。关于所有的有关食物的谈话，真的很感谢你，Tony！T:不用谢啦。

Outside view Part 1 We're taking a walk along this peaceful, quiet beach.Just the place to relax.But out there, at other beaches around the world, that's another story.Let's take a look.These sea lions fight to defend their territory.During the mating season, these elephant seals show aggression to establish dominance.People fight to defend their territory.In some situations, we’re used to it.We even expect it.When you’re on a crowded street, or trying to get into a crowded bus, other people are going to start shoving.It’s not always pleasant, but it’s not surprising when it happens.But what about here, on this lovely beach? There’s plenty of room for everyone to sit comfortably, enjoy the sun, and look at the ocean.Let’s say you’re sitting on the beach, it’s not too crowded, and someone comes up and put their stuff right in front of you.What would you do? A:‛I’d be very angry and go over to them and tell them to move.‛

B:‛ Maybe throw a little sand in their face and make them to move, I don’t know.‛ C:‛ If someone came and sat down in front of me on the beach, I would probably move my towel next to them and start a conversation.‛

Now that’s take Jack out to the street.This is South beach in Miami.Getting a parking place in this neighbourhood can be really difficult.That’s because there’re too many cars and not enough space.And when space is limited, people can get a lot more aggressive.Our

producer is parked here in this very desirable parking spot.She’s going to wait until someone wants her parking space.There’s a lot of traffic, so she won’t have to wait too long.Yes!There’s someone now.我们正沿着这安宁平静的海滩漫步。这里正是放松的好地方。但除这以外，在世界各地其他的海滩上，上演的是另一个不同的故事。让我们好好看一看。

这些海狮们为了保卫它们的领地而战斗。交配期间，这些象海豹展开激烈攻势来确立自己的统治地位。人类也为了保卫领地而战。在某些情况下，我们习以为常。我们甚至期望它。当你在一个拥挤的街上或费力挤上一辆已无立足之地的公交车，其他人就开始你推我挤。发生如此情况总让人感到不愉快，但并不吃惊。然而，在如此宜人的海滩上，又是什么情况呢？这里有充足的空间让每个人舒适地坐着尽情享受阳光和大海。假如当你正享受日光的沐浴时，这本不拥挤的海滩上却出现了某些讨厌的人，把他们的一堆物品就堆在你的面前。你会怎么做？ A:‚我会非常生气，走过去，告诉他们把东西拿开。‚

B：‚我不知道，也许会朝他们的脸洒一点沙子迫使他们挪开。‚

C：‚如果这海滩上有人走过来，在我面前坐下，我也许会把自己的毛巾移到他们旁边，开始和他们聊天。‚

现在，让我们带JACK到街区去转转。这里是迈阿密的南海滩。在附近找一个停车的地方是件非常困难的事。因为这边没有足够的地方容纳这么多车。当停车空间有限，人们会变得更加挑衅。我们的制片人已经停在了这非常称心的停靠点。她正等着下一个需要她的停车点的人。这里车很多，所以她不需长久等待。是的！有人来了。

Part B A:‛ Leaving?‛

B:‛ Yeah, I’m leaving.‛ A:‛ Oh, great!‛

She pulls out, and the minute she pulls out, Jack pulls in.What do you think the driver will do? Drive away? Or stop and confront Jack? C:‛ Hey!Hey!Come on, pal!That’s my spot, my parking spot!‛

B:‛ Oh yeah? I didn’t see you in it.Well, looks like it’s my space now!Sorry!‛ C:‛ What’re you talking about , man ?You saw me, I was right there!‛ B:‛ You know, have you considered anger management counselling?‛ C:‛I was right there!What’re you talking about?‛

B:‛ Ah, it’s now time for the sunny tunes of South Florida.‛ C:‛I was right there.You saw me!‛

B:‛ What? I’m sorry I can’t hear what you’re saying.‛

C:‛ You saw me, come on!Do you like it when people do that crap to you?‛

B:‛ Great song, isn’t it？ I love this song.Do you have a hearing problem? You scream a lot.‛

C:‛ No!You have… problem!‛ B:‛ Yeah.Whew!‛

If you’re waiting to pull into a parking space and someone else sneaks right into it, what would you do? D:‛I would beep my horn, I would roll down the window, and I would shout very rude things at them.‛

E:‛ I would yell out the window and tell them to move!‛

Aggression, it’s part of survival.Animals and humans need to be aggressive in order to survive.But how aggressive do we need to be? When do we fight? When do we give up and walk away? Those are the decisions that we all make everyday.A 要走？

B 对，我马上离开。A 啊太好了

她驱车离开。她一走，JACK 停进来。你认为司机会怎么做？开走？或停下来和JACK对峙？ C 喂！喂！快点，讨厌鬼，这是我的地方，我的停车点！

B 真的？我没见你停在里面。嗯，现在看起来这好像是我的停车点了！对不起！C 你在说什么，年轻人？你看到我了，我就在那边！B 听我说，你有没有考虑要接受愤怒情绪的控制服务？ C 我刚在那！你在说什么呀！

B 嗯，现在该欣赏佛罗里达州南部的阳光曲调。C 我刚就在那。你看到我了！

B 什么？对不起，我听不见你在说什么。

C 算了吧，你看到我了！你难道喜欢别人对你做那垃圾控制服务？ B 真好听的歌，不是吗？我喜欢这首。你听力有问题吗？你一直在尖叫。C 不！你才有……毛病！B 是。呸！

如果你长时间等待的停车点被其他人偷占了，你会怎么做？ D 我会按喇叭，摇下窗，对他们骂脏话。E 我会喊叫让他们离开！

攻击，是生存技能的一部分。动物和人类为了生存都需要具有攻击性。但是我们该如何把握进退呢？我们该什么时候打斗？我们该什么时候放弃离开？那些是我们每天都在做的决定。

Listening in 1 Today we’ll focus on two aspects of group behaviour.Firstly,how groups develop,and secondly,the roles individuals play within a group.It’s widely acknowledged that the performance of effective groups is often greater than the sum of the individuals in the group.This is due to what we call synergy-in other words,the extra energy and effevtiveness that people create when they work together.Early research in this field carried out in the 1930s by Elton Mayo discovered something that he called the ‚Hawthorne effect‛.The idea is that when individual know they are part of a study,their productivity automatically increases regardless of other factors,such as how much time or money they are given,for example.The research suggests that things like personal identity,self-esteem and the social context in which a group is working are really very important factors in improving the performance of individuals.If we move on to look at the nature of groups more closely,we find that groups have natural phasese that can help us understand their effectiveness.You have probably all had experience of working with other people in a group that,at firsl,wasn,t very productive.This phenomenon was studied by Tuckman in the 1960s,and he created a model to describe the stages of a group.The first stage is known as‛Forming‛which is when individual members get to know each other.This is followed by‛Storming‛when individual start to share their ideas and creative energy.The third phase is‛Norming‛where a group identity begins to form.The final stage

is‛Performing‛when individuals within the group work together.And it is at this stage that the group achieves results.Understanding these phases can help us ensure that members of a group work together to overcome early loner.The‛Resource investigator‛is the group member who is always curious and explores new ideas and the‛Monitorevaluator‛is calm and serous and makes good,balanced decisions.The‛Team worker‛in contrast is a socially orientated and sensitive member of the team who is able to encourage a team spirit.And the‛Comleter-finisher‛is a conscientious perfectionist who follows through on the details and ties up and loose ends.To be effective,a team needs to have a variety of members who can fulfill all these different roles.今天，我们将关注团队合作的两个方面。首先，团队是怎样发展形成的，再者，是每个个体在团队中扮演的角色。人们普遍承认，有效率的团队合作通常比组内个人工作成果的总和要好得多。这是由于一种被我们称为协作的东西——即是当他们一起工作时产生的额外的能量和效率。

Elton Mayo在20世纪30年代在这个领域进行过早期的研究，他曾经发现了霍索恩效应。这个观点是指当个体知道他们是研究小组的一部分时，他们的生产率不受比如他们被给定的时间或金钱其他因素影响，自动地提高了。这个调查表明着比如个性特征，自尊和一个团队所工作的社会环境是提高个人工作表现非常重要的因素。

如果我们继续进一步地去看团队的本质，我们会发现团队其自身的阶段来帮我们了解它们的效率。大家或许都有过在一个团队里和其他人一起工作的经验，刚开始，不是很高效的。Tuckman曾在20世纪60年代研究过这个现象，他创造了一个模型来描述一个团队的不同阶段。

第一个阶段被称为‚组建期‛。这个时期中，单个的成员开始互相认识。紧随其后的第二个阶段是‚激荡期‛，个体开始分享他们的想法和创造力。第三个阶段是‚规范期‛，一个团队的特性开始形成。最后一个阶段是‚执行期‛，团队内的个体开始一起工作。团队正是在这个阶段取得成果。明白这些阶段能帮助我们确保团队的成员一起工作，防止出现早期的独行者。

外交家是团队内总是有好奇心并且探索新设想的人，监督员冷静严肃，是能做出较为平衡的决策的人。相形之下，凝聚者是一个能鼓动士气，目标明确且敏感的团队成员。完成者是一个尽责的完美主义者，关注细节，整合资源，完善成果。想要成为一个有效率的团队，需要有各种各样能胜任所有这些不同角色的成员。

Listening in 2 Today I'm reporting from Phuket in Southern Thailand.Parts of the island were devastated by the tsunami in 2004,and over 250 people lost their lives here.I've come back to see how one community has recovered.Here in the village of The Chat Chai,the rebuilding of the destroyed homes has been led by the international organazition Habitat for Humanity.About a year after the tsunami occurred,volunteers began building 36 new homes for local families.One villager,Somwang,is certainly very happy with the results.He used to live in a small hut on his two square metre plot of land near the sea.The local community wanted him to have a bigger home and despite the small size of his plot of land,they built him a three-storey house,which is now the tallest in the village.A happy ending to such a horrific tragedy.The rebuilding here has also had a positive effect on the local economy,because the earth bricks that were used to build the homes were produced in Khao Lak,another tsunami hit island——all part of a post-tsunami livelihood development project.Talking to people here,I've discovered that the project not only provided them with much needed shelter,but also the process has helped rebuild a spirit of community amongst them.A host

of foreign as well as local volunteers joined together to work in rebuilding the villagers' homes and lives,and even an American TV celebrity volunteered.The project has also been visited by former US president Jimmy Carter,who is an active supporter of Habitat for Humanity.He and his wife offer one week of their time every year to volunteer on construction projects around the world.It's certainly encouraging to see the strength of the human spirit and generosity of people who help others in times of need.Habitat for Humanity is continuing their work in the south of Thailand,helping poor local families and communities to improve their lives.Their “Save&Bulid” scheme encourages families to save 30 per cent of the cost of building or rebuilding their home.The charity then lends the family the rest of the money they need,and helps in the building of their new home.It's then paid for in monthly repayments of under ＄30,which supports those who want to build a better life for themselves.This is Marianne Harper reporting from Southern Thailand...我在泰国南部的普及岛为大家做出今天的报道。在2004年，该岛的部分遭受了海啸的严重破坏，有250多人罹难。让我们再回到这里，见证一个社区的重建。

这里是Chat Chai村庄，在‚仁爱之家‛国际组织的带领下，人们重建了家园。在海啸袭击的一年之后，志愿者们开始为当地居民兴建36所新房子。

一个叫Somwang的村民，对目前的生活非常地满意。过去，他住在海边的一个两平方米的小陋屋。当地的社区想让他有一个更大的家，尽管他所拥有的土地面积很小，他们还是为他建了一座三层的房子，现在这幢房子成为了全村最高的建筑。最终，一个可怕的灾难迎来了一个完美的结局。

重建对当地的经济也有积极的影响，因为用来修建房子的土砖产自另一个被海啸袭击过的小岛寇立——以上所述都是海啸后恢复生计发展计划的一部分。

在和当地人交谈中，我发现开发项目不仅为灾民们提供了必要的避难所，而且重建的过程也让他们重拾了团体精神。很多外国人和当地的志愿者们一起工作着，为重建村民的家园而努力。甚至一个美国电视名人也参与了志愿行动，美国前总统吉米卡特也参观了开发项目，他是支持‚仁爱之家‛的积极分子。每年卡特夫妇都会花一周的时间在世界各地参与建设项目的志愿者服务工作。

令人深受鼓舞的是看到人类精神的力量和那些在他人需要帮助的时刻伸出援助之手的人们的慷慨无私。‚仁爱之家‛继续着他们在泰国南部的工作，帮助当地贫穷的家庭和社区改善他们的生活。‚储蓄和建设‛计划鼓励灾灾民们储蓄下修建或重修房屋的支出的百分之三十。然后慈善组织将会借给他们需要的款项，并且帮助他们重建家园。每月的还款不到３０美元，这将有利于人们追求更好的生活。这是玛丽哈珀从泰国南部发回的报导…

Unit 6 Inside View Conversation1 Janet:So tell me about Shakespeare's Gboble Theatre,Joe.It looks really old.Joe:In fact,it was only built in 1997,which was the home of Shakespeare's theatre company when he came to London in 1599.Janet:So what's the Globle made of? Joe:Well.the walls are made of wood,and it's got a thatched roof.Janet:Is that the kind of dried grass instead of tiles? Joe:That's right.In fact it's the first thatched building in London since the Great Fire of London in 1966.Janet:That's amazing.Joe:And inside it's just like the original stage.The audience stands in front of the stage.Janet:Are you serious?Aren't there any seats? Joe:Yes,there are some seats.but most people stand while they watch the play.So they get soaking wet when it rains.Actually the strangest thing is when you're watching Romeo and Juliet in 16th century Verona,and suddenly there's a plane passing over.Janet:that's extraoridnary!Joe:Yes,blows me away.Janet:And Andy tells me we've got a report to do on the summer season.Joe:Yes,that's right.During the winter,it's closed but in may the season starts again.Janet:When I think of Shakespeare.I usually think of Stratford-upon-Avon.Where is Stratford-upon-Avon? Joe:It's about 130 kilometres from London.Yes that's where he was born,and it's still the home of Royal Shakespeare Company.But I kind of see him as a London hero,because it's here that he became the greatest playwriter the world has ever known.Janet:You really think that? Joe:I sure do.Let's get back to the studio and edit this.Janet:Joe告诉我一些关于莎士比亚Gbloble剧院的事，它看起来真的非常的古老。Joe:事实上，它只是建于1997。当莎士比亚于1599年来到伦敦时它是莎士比亚剧团的家。Janet:那Gboble剧院是由什么建成的？ Joe:它的墙是由木头建的，它有个茅草屋顶。Janet：是那种干草而不是瓷砖么? Joe:是的。事实上，自从1966年伦敦大火以来它是在伦敦的第一个茅草建筑物。Janet:太惊人了。

Joe：它的内部就像是原始的舞台。观众们站立在舞台的前面。Janet:你是开玩笑的么？那儿没有座位么？

Joe：有。那里有一些座位，但大多数的人都站着看戏剧。所以当下雨的时候他们都全身湿透了的。事实上最最奇怪的是：当你在19世纪的维罗纳剧院看罗密欧与朱丽叶时飞机呼啸而过。Janet:太神奇了！

Joe:是啊。太不可思议了。

Janet:Andy告诉我说我们在夏季有报导要做。

Joe:是的。在冬季剧院是关闭的但是五月时它再次开放。

Janet：当我想到莎士比亚时我通常想到斯特拉特福。斯特拉特福在哪里呢？

Joe:它距伦敦大约130公里。莎士比亚就出生在那里，同时它也是皇家莎士比亚剧团的诞生地。我总是把他看成是伦敦的英雄，因为他正是在伦敦成了世界所熟知的伟大的戏剧家。Janet：你真那么想么？

Joe：那是当然。我们回到工作室去编辑吧。

Conversation2 Janet:So when was Shakespeare born? Joe:In 1564.Janet:And when did he die? Joe:In 1616.Janet:And when did he come to London? Joe:We don't know exactly,but some time between 1585 and 1592.Janet:And what did he do in London? Joe:He joined a group of actors,and wrote some of his most famous plays.such as Hamlet,The Merchant of Venice.and Romeo and Juliet.Janet:So what happend to him later in his life? Joe:Well,in 1603.Queen Elizabeth died,and theatre became less popular.And then the Globe Theatre burned down Janet:And what was the last play he wrote? Joe:It was The Tempest-it's often thought that the character of Prospero.the magician,was based on himself.Janet:And does the Royal Shakespeare Company still perform plays in London.Joe:Both in Straford and London,and they also tour all over the country.I reckon there are about seven or eight Shakespeare plays on in the West End at the moment Janet:Why do you think he's still so popular? Joe:What I think is great about Shakespeare is that the plays make audiences think.And that makes the audience feel good.Janet:And is it the same in the States? Joe:Maybe not so much.But there's huge respect for Shakespeare's plays on Broadway.I suppose it's because he's still very relevant to audiences today.Janet:Joe,you know so much about Shakespeare!I'm really stunned!Well,I guess I've seen most of them at one time or another.Andy:Sorry I'm late.Joe:Better once than never,for never too late.Andy:What? Joe:Taming of the Shrew.Act 5 Scene1.Better late than never.Andy:Have you finished the edit?Let's upload it onto the website.Janet：莎士比亚什么时候出生的？ Joe:1564年。

Janet：他什么时候死的？ Joe：在1616年。

Janet：那他什么时候来到伦敦？

Joe：我们无法确切的知道，但应该是在1585到

1592之间的某个时间。Janet:他在伦敦干什么？

Joe:他加入一个表演队，写了部分他最出名的戏剧，如：哈姆雷特、威尼斯商人、罗密欧与朱丽叶。Janet：那在莎士比亚生活的后期发生了什么呢？

Joe：在1603年，伊丽莎白女王去世后戏院最得不那么流行了。接着Globe剧院也被烧毁了。Janet:莎士比亚最后写的戏剧是什么? Joe:是暴风雨。人们经常认为其中魔术普洛斯彼罗这个角色就是以莎士比亚自已塑造的。Janet:那皇家莎士比亚剧团在伦敦还继续表演戏剧么？

Joe：斯特拉福德和伦敦都有，他们也演出遍全国。我估计此刻在West End剧院大约有七到八个莎士比亚戏剧正在上演。

Janet：你认为为什么他那么的出名？

Joe：我认为莎士比亚的伟大之处在于他的戏剧让观众们得到思考，这使得观众们感到很好。Janet:这在美国也一样么？

Joe：也许不全都吧。但是在百老汇有一批对莎士比亚戏剧抱有敬意的人。我猜那是因为他现在还跟观众紧密相连。

Janet：Joe你对莎士比亚懂得真多。我真是惊呆了。好吧，我猜我在某时曾看到他们在的大多数。Andy：对不起。我迟到了。

Joe：晚来总比不来的好，永远没有为时已晚。Andy：什么？

Joe：驯悍记第5章第1幕。晚总比从不来得好。Andy：你们完成编辑了么？让我们上传到互联网吧。

Outside View Host: Three American cyclists who only have three real legs between them are cycling through Oxford on a trek from Scotland to Greece.The trio sponsored by Otto Bock USA all have prosthetic limbs and are hoping the challenge will raise awareness of the diversity of designs available.Six TV caught up with Mick Wright, Sedan Sherret and Brad Kennedy earlier on today.Cyclist: Yeah it's a little tough, I don’t like cycling.But you know, if we can, you know help somebody, motivate somebody to get back to an active lifestyle and put their mind to something good, it’s all worth it.Reporter: And so what's really the point of this trip? Cyclist: To raise awareness of the abilities of those with disabilities.If you’ve lost a limb doesn't mean you sit on a couch.You can still be active;you can lead a healthy lifestyle.And you can do challenges that you may have always wanted to do when you were fully healthy and with two legs.Reporter: And the trip is 2500 miles from Glasgow to Athens.How are you guys coping? Cycling: Oh, I think we're doing really well.We’re still in the, this is the first week of riding.We’re conditioning, we're getting used to the--，we've had spectacular weather, it’s been, I mean ,we got sunburnt in Scotland.It’s, we’re, we’re getting accustomed to life on the road and every day our pace is increasing and we're getting stronger.So I think it’s, it’s marvelous.Reporter: And will you, when you get to Athens, what’s your plan there?

Cyclist: Hopefully take a little time to rest, relax vacation a little bit, and maybe throw the bike in the ocean, just the good things in life.Reporter: And what's been the worst, most difficult thing you've come acrossed so far? Cyclist: We've had some very challenging weather and some challenging hills.But We’ve actually enjoyed all of it.It’s been difficult but I think all of the Riding has been good.Reporter: And how are the legs holding up? Cyclist: Oh great!Now we always say that our prosthetic limbs are the ones that are doing fabulous.It’s, it’s the, it’s the, as we refer to, the meat leg that, that might, might be a little weaker.But everybody's riding really strongly and they're just, just performing

marvelously.主持人：三名只有三条腿的自行车爱好者正在进行一个从苏格兰到希腊的艰苦骑行。这个被OttoBock 赞助的三人组都装有假肢，他们希望通过这个挑战可以提高对多种才能的意识。六套记者在今天早些时候采访了Mick Wright, Sedan Sherret和 Brad Kennedy 骑行者：是的，它确实有点艰难，我不喜欢骑车。但是你要知道，如果我们可以帮助一些人，刺激一些人回到原来的有活力的生活方式中，并且将他们的思想集中在积极的事情上。所有的这些都是值得的。记者：那么你们此行的真正目的是什么? 骑行者： 提高残疾人对自身能力的认识。失去了一只胳膊并不意味这你只能坐在长椅上。你依然可以是活跃的，你可以拥有一个健康的生活方式。你可以做一些当你在完全健康时候一直就想接受的挑战。记者：从格拉斯哥到雅典的旅途一共要2500英里，你们要怎么应付这么长的行程？

骑行者：哦，我觉得我们状态很好。我们正在进行第一周的骑行。我们正在进行调整，逐渐习惯这种惊人的天气，就像在苏格兰，我们都被晒伤了。我们逐渐习惯这种在路上的生活，我们的速度每天都在提高，每天都在变强。所以我想这很了不起。记者：那么当你们到雅典后，你们有什么计划吗？

骑行者：希望可以花一点时间休息，放松，度假，也许会把自行车扔到大海里。就做一些生活中比较美好的事情。

记者：至今为止，你们面对的最坏的最困难的事情是什么？

骑行者：我们遇到了非常有挑战性的天气和山脉。但是，我们很享受这个过程。虽然骑行很困难但是我感觉很好。

记者：那你们的腿还适应吗？

骑行者：当然。我们现在可以说我们的假肢感觉很棒。虽然比真的腿要弱，但是我们每个人都骑得很有力，这些假肢真的很不可思议。

Listening in Passage1 A US Airways jet landed in the icy Hudson River in New York this afternoon after apparently hitting a flock of geese.Miraculously,no one was killed and there were few injuries.James Moore,our correspondent at the scene,has more.An Airbus 330 took off from La Guardia Airport.New York,at 3:26pm this afternoon,bound for Charlotte Airport in North Carolina.It had 155 people aboard.Thirty to 45 seconds after take-off,a flock of geese apparently flew into the plane,causing it to lose power in both engines and one engine to catch fire.Without power the plane was unable to return to La Guardia Airport and the pilot decided to land in the Hudson River in order to avoid crashing in a populated area.Two minutes later the plane made a successful landing in the Hudson and passengers were able to climb out through the emergency exits.The plane immediately started taking in water but fortunately water taxis and boats that had seen the crash were waiting by the aircraft.Passengers and crew stood on the wings of the plane in the icy cold water and were helped into the boats.Over the next hour,as New York watched the event on television,everyone on the plane,including a baby,were taken to hospitals for treatment,mostly because of the extreme cold,Their injuries are not reported to be serious.One of the passengers,Alberto Panero,said people had bugun praying as the plane approached the river but that everyone had stayed clam.The pilot of the plane has been named as Chesley Sullenberger.Aged 57,he has 29 years experience

of flying and at one time had been a US fighter pilot.Sullenberger was the last to leave the plane and walked up and down it twice to make sure it was empty before climbing out.He has already been described as a hero.The Governer of New York,David patersm,said at a news conference this afternoon,‚I believe now we've had a miracle on the Hudson.This pilot,somehow without any engines,was somehaw able to land this plane and perhaps without any injuris to the passengers.‛

It is thought that the survival of all on board is because the plane did not break up when it hit water and because of the immediately arrival of the water taxis and boats.今天下午，一架美国航线喷射机在碰撞上了一群鹅后迫降在冰冷的哈德孙河上，但奇迹般的没有一个丧生只有少数人受伤。我们在现场的记者詹姆斯穆尔将会做更详尽的报道。

这架空客330在纽约时间下午3点26分从拉瓜地亚机场出发飞往北卡罗莱纳州的夏洛特机场，机上共有155人，起飞30到45秒后，一群鹅撞上了飞机，导致飞机的两个引擎都熄火了，其中一个着火。没有了动力飞机无法返回拉瓜地亚机场因此为了使飞机不坠毁在有人居住的地区飞行员决定降落在哈德孙河上。两分钟以后，飞机成功地降落，乘客们能够从紧急出口爬出飞机。尽管飞机很快进了水，但幸运的是，许多目睹了撞击的水上巴士和船都在飞机旁边等候。机上乘客和工作人员站在机翼上浸在冰冷的河水里然后被救上船。一个小时以后，当纽约人民在电视里看到这场事故时，主要是极度寒冷的关系。机上的每一个人，包括一个小婴儿都被送到医院接受治疗，他们的伤势据说并不严重。其中一个乘客阿尔贝托，帕内罗说，当飞机接近河的时候人们都开始祈祷但是所有的人都保持了镇静。

这架飞机的飞行员名叫切斯里，撒伦伯格尔，今年57岁，有着29年的飞行经验而且曾一度担任过美国战斗机飞行员，撒伦伯格尔是最后一个离开飞机的，而且在爬出去以前他从上上下下下在机舱内走了两遍以确保机舱空无一人，他现在已经称为英雄。纽约市长大卫，佩特森在今天下午的新闻发布会上说：‚我相信现在我们有了一个哈德孙河上的奇迹，无论怎样，这位飞行员在没有任何发动机的情况下，能够使飞机安全降落而且几乎没有乘客伤亡。

现在普遍认为由于飞机碰撞到河水时没有裂开而且水上巴士和船只及时赶到，才有了机上乘客全部生还的奇迹。

Passage 2 Streets Full of Heroes A:Hi,we are asking people who their personal hero is.Someone they really admire and who’s inspired them in some way.B:Oh,right.Interesting.A:Can you tell us a bit about yourself? B:Sure.My name is Paul Smith.I worked at London zoo.A:London zoo? Really? B:Yes,I’m a zoo keeper.I look after the elephants.A:Elephants?what a great job!So who is your hero, Paul? B:I’ve got quite a few heroes.But I guess my biggest hero is Al Gore.A:The American politician.So why him? B:Well,he is the guy who made people take climate change seriously.A:You are referring to the film An Inconvenient Truth, I take it? B:That’s right.That film proved to people with statistics and graphs, that kind of thing---that climate change was happening and that it’s man-made.Before that ,most people believed it was just a few crazy scientists who thought it was happening.A:You work with animals.Do you worry about the effect of the climate on animals? B：Sure，I do.All these species are going to become extinct.It’s terrible.A：It is.Would you say Al Gore’s been an inspiration to you? B:Yes,I would.He’s taught me about importance of taking action when you see something that needs to be done.I do volunteer work for Greenpeace---quite a lot actually.That’s the way I do my bit.A:Greenpeace?Excellent.Thanks,Paul.Hi,what’s your name? C:Clare hope.A:What do you do? C:Well,I’m a mum with two young kids and I work part-time as an accountant for the Red Cross.A:We’re asking people who their personal hero is and if they’ve inspired them in any way.C:That’s an easy one.Melinda Gates, she’s my hero.A:Why is that? C:Well,she is Bill Gates’ wife, one of the richest people in the world.You know ,she could so easily do nothing, just enjoy her money.And instead she co-founded the um… Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and I think that it’s called---and it is one of the biggest private charity organization in the world.It’s donated more than 280 million dollars to various good causes.A:More than 280 million dollars? Now that’s a lot of money.She is very active in it, isn't she? C:Oh yeah, she is a director.Flies all over the world.A:Do you do any work for charity? C:I make phone calls for Save the Children, asking people to donate.She is a real inspiration, Melinda gates。

A:你好，我们正在调查人们心目中的英雄都是谁。某个他们真的敬仰的以及已经在某些方面上鼓舞他们的人。

B:哦很好，很有趣。

A:你能告诉我们一点关于你自己的情况吗？ B:当然，我叫保罗史密斯。我在伦敦动物园工作。A:伦敦动物园？真的吗？

B:是，我是一名动物园饲养员。我照顾大象。

A:大象？多伟大的一份工作啊。谁是你心中的英雄，保罗？

B:我心里拥有相当多的英雄，但是我想最大的英雄应该是艾尔戈尔。A:那个美国政治家，那么为什么是他呢？ B:恩，他是那个使人们严肃对待气候变化的人。A:你参考了那部电影，难以忽视的真相，我说的对吧？

B:是的。那部电影用统计的数据和图表等这类的资料向人们证明了气温变化正在发生而且那是人类造成的。在这之前，大多数人们认为这仅是一些疯狂的科学家认为它在发生而已。A:你从事动物工作。那你会担心气候对动物的影响吗？

B:当然，我会的。所有的这些都物种即将会灭绝了。这很糟糕。A:的确是这样。你会说艾尔已经对你来说成为一名鼓舞人心的人了吗？

B:是的，我会。他教会我当你看到一些事情需要被做的时候就要采取行动的重要性。事实上，我为绿色和平组织做了很多的志愿工作。这是我尽我一点贡献的方式。A:绿色和平组织？非常好。谢谢你保罗。你好，你叫什么名字？

C:克莱尔贺普 A:您是做什么的？

C:恩，我是一个有两个小孩子的妈妈。而且我兼职为红十字会做会计。

A:我们正在调查人们心目中的英雄都是谁而且他们是否已经以任何一种方式鼓舞到人们。C:这很简单。梅琳达盖茨，她是我心中的英雄。A:为什么呢？

C:她是世界首富之一的比尔盖茨的夫人。你知道，她什么都不用做就能简单地享受她的钱财。然而她合创了Bill 和Melinda gates基金会，我认为是这么这样称呼的。而且这是世界最大的私人慈善组织之一。它已经捐献了超过280,000,000美元为各种各样的慈善的原因。

A:超过280，000,000美元？现在这是很大一笔钱啊。她非常的积极投身于慈善事业，不是吗？ C:哦，是的。她是一名主管。会飞往全球各个地方。A:你为慈善做过什么工作吗？

C:我在救助儿童会中负责打电话，号召人们捐献。梅琳达盖茨真的是一个鼓舞人心的人。

Unit 7 Inside View Conversation 1 Andy:Oh,there you are.Right,Are you ready? Janet:I'm ready.Where are we going? Andy:First of all,we need to go back to the studio and collect the equipment.Then we're off to one of my favorite places as a kid.Janet:Where is that? Andy:The Science Museum.I used to spend nearly all of my school holidays there.Janet:But why today? Andy:Tonight ,actually,there's a Science Night.Janet:Science Night? What's that? Andy:Science activities for kids.They spend the evening exploring

the museum and doing scientific experiments.And then they get their sleeping bags and camp there for the night.Janet:Sounds like a lot of fun.What else did they do? Andy:The following morning,they have breakfast and then they visit the rest of the museum before it opens to the public.Janet:Oh.I’d love to go.How did you find out about that? Andy:It's advertised on their website.I thought we could do a feature on it for our website.Janet:Sounds like a great way to get kids interested in science.Where exactly is it? Andy:It's a couple of miles away from here.In fact,there are quiet a lot of museum around there.There’s the Victory and Albert Museum for design and fashion,the Nature History Museum,where they have this huge dinosaur...Janet:I'd love to see that!Andy:OK,tonight the wonders of science!And tomorrow morning we'll go hunting dinosaurs.Janet:OK,let's go.Andy:There's no hurry.There’s plenty of time to finish your drink....Andy:Was that long enough? 安迪:噢,你在这啊。对了,你准备好了吗 珍妮:我准备好了。我们要去哪儿

珍尼特:那是哪儿

安迪:科学博物馆。我几乎把所有的学校假期都花在那儿了。珍尼特:但是为什么是今天呢

安迪:实际上,今天那儿有一个科学之夜。珍尼特:科学之夜 那是什么

安迪:孩子们的科学活动。他们晚上在那儿探索博物馆，做科学实验。然后他们拿着睡袋在那里露营过夜。珍妮特:听起来好象很有趣。他们还做些什么呢

安迪:第二天早上。吃完早餐，他们就在博物馆向公众开放之前，观看博物馆其它的部分。珍尼特:哦。我很想去。您是如何了解到有关事情的

安迪:它就发布在他们网站上。我想我们可以在我们网站上为它做一个专题。珍尼特:听起来像是个让孩子们对科学感兴趣的好方法。那么博物馆到底在哪里

安迪:它距这儿几英里远,事实上，许多博物馆都在那里。有展示设计和时尚的维多利亚和阿尔伯特博物馆，还有有着巨大恐龙的自然历史博物馆,…… 珍妮:我很想去看看!安迪:好吧,今晚见识下科学的神奇明天，早上我们就去寻找恐龙。珍尼特:好吧,咱们走吧。

安迪:别着急。我们有充裕的时间让你喝完你的饮料。

……

安迪:时间足够了吗? 安迪:首先,我们需要回到工作室去拿设备。然后我们去一个我小时候最喜欢的地方。

Conversation 2 Janet:So tell me more about the Science Museum.Why is it so special ? Andy:Well,have a look.It’s got everything to do with science,from steam engines to space capsules.It has a number of halls,which focus on different aspects of science.Janet:What's this one? Andy:That's the Energy Hall,which explains the history of power,from engines,to steam power,to electricity...Janet:And I suppose this is the Space Hall? Andy:That's right.There’s a collection of early rockets,all the way to present-day space rockets,and satellites and telescopes.Janet:Sounds fascinating.Andy:Then there are sections on agriculture,computing,the history of flight...Janet:And they have exhibitions for kids? Andy:Yes,absolutely!In the basement,there are lots of scientific.experiments for them to try out.Janet:Wow, I'm not surprised you enjoy it so much.When do you want to leave ? Andy:The first you have to do is go home and get your sleeping bag.Janet:So we're really gonna stay the night with the children ? Andy:You got it!It's gonna be great fun.While you're getting your sleeping bag,I'll just go and get some sandwiches to take with us.Joe:Hi there,where are you two off to? Janet:We're going to spend the night together.Joe:You're what? Andy:It's OK,Joe.We’re spending the night together at the Science Museum.Anyway, got to dash.Janet:It's Science Night tonight.Joe:Science Night? Andy:Must rush,Joe,speak soon , bye!珍尼特:那么多告诉我一些关于科学博物馆的事。为何它如此特别呢

安迪:嗯,你看看。它的一切都与科学相关，从蒸汽引擎到空太空密封仓。它有很多关于科学不同方面的展厅。

珍尼特:这是什么？

安迪:那是能源展厅,它解释了能源的历史,从简单工具到蒸汽动力，再到电力… 珍妮:我想这是太空馆

安迪:没错。这儿收藏着一些早期的火箭,一直到现今的太空火箭，人造卫星和太空望 远镜。珍尼特:听起来令人着迷。

安迪:那些是关于农业，计算机使用，飞行历史的部分。珍尼特:他们有为小孩子开办的展览吗？

安迪:当然!在地下室里,有许多科学实验可以让他们试做。

珍尼特:天啊,我现在一点都不吃惊你乐在其中.你想什么时候离开 安迪:首先，你所要做的就是回家,把你的睡袋拿来。珍尼特:,我们真的要与孩子们在这里过夜吗

安迪:答对了!这肯定会很有趣。当你去拿你的睡袋的时候,我就去买一些三明治带着。乔:喂,你们两个去哪

珍尼特:我们打算一起过夜。乔:你们做什么

安迪:没什么,乔。我们晚上一起待在科学博物馆。好了，该走了。珍尼特:这是科学之夜。乔:科学之夜

安迪:必须走了,乔。再见!

Outside View Computers are a very important part of our lives.They tell us about delays to transport.They drives trains ,analyze evidence and control buildings.Did you know that 60 per cent of homes in Britain have got a PC(a personal computer)?For many young people,playing computer games is their favourite way of spending their spare time.Computers are a very important part of most areas of life in Britain-libraries,the police and in school.But they are becoming more important in our homes as well.They’ll even control the way we live-in‛smart homes‛or computer-controlled houses.The smart home is now a real possibility.It will become very common.A centrol computer will adjust the temperature,act as a burglar alarm and switch on lights,ready for you to come back home.And of course you will be able to give new instructions to the computers from your mobile phone.So if your plans change,you home will react to match.Many homes have got a lots of televisions and several computers.The smart home will provide TV and Internet sockets in every room,so you’ll be able to do what you want wherever you want.If the temperature outside changes,the smart home will adjust the temperature levels inside.The computer will also close the blinds when it get dark or to stop too much sun entering a room.And if you want to eat when you get home,the computer will turn the oven on for you!Are computers taking over our lives?In a survey,44 per cent of young people between 11 and 16 said their PC was a trusted friend.Twenty per cent said they were happier at their computer than spending time with family or friends.Another survey found that people in Britain spend so much time on the phone,texting and reading emails that they no longer have time for conversation.What do you think about that? 电脑是我们生活的一个非常重要的组成部分。它们告诉我们交通的晚点，它们驾驶火车，分析案件的证据还有控制建筑。你知道吗？，在英国百分之60的家庭拥有个人电脑。对于很多年轻人来说，玩电子游戏是他们最喜欢来消遣空闲的方式。在大多数地区的英国图书馆，警署和学校，电脑是日常工作和生活的很重要的一部分。然而，电脑对于家庭来说也正在变得越来越重要。它甚至会控制我们在‚智能房子‛或者说是电脑操控的房子的生活方式。智能房子现在真的很有可能。这将会变得很常见。一台中央计算机将会调控温度，充当自动报警铃和控制灯的开关，准备迎接你的回家。当然你可以通过你的手机向计算机发出新的指示。所以如果你的计划改变了，家里面的电脑会自动调节去配合变化。很多家庭都有很多电视机和几台电脑，智能房子在每个房间里都会配有电视和网路插口，这样的话你就可以在你喜欢的地方做你想做的事了。如果外面 的温度有变化了，智能房子将会调节内部的温度。当天暗下来或者为了减少进入房间的阳光的时候，计算机也会拉下百叶窗。还有如果当你回到家的时候想吃点什么，计算机会为你打开微波炉！

是电脑接管我们的生活了吗?在一个调查中在11到16岁的年轻人中，百分之44 的说他们的个人电脑是一个忠实的朋友。百分之20的说相比于和家人朋友一起，和他们的电脑在一起更快乐。另一个调查显示在英国人们花费太多的时间在电话，测试，读电子邮件上以至于他们没有时间来聊天。你对于这些怎么认为呢？

Listening In Part I When you have a biscuit with your cup of tea do you dunk it?And if so what is the perfect way to do it?That's the subject of today's Science in Action Report.It may be hard to believe,but scientists at the University of Bristol have been analyzing this question.And after a two-month study,they devised a mathematical formula for dunking biscuits.So no more melting chocolate,or biscuit crumbs in the bottom of your cup,which is the fate of one in four biscuits that are dunked in tea,according to research by a biscuit manufacturer.Doughnut bunkers don't face the same problems because doughnuts are held together with an elastic net of protein gluten.This substance allows the doughnut to absorb liquid without breaking down its structure.The structure of a biscuit,however,is held together by sugar which melts when placed in hot tea or coffee.So what is the answer?The researchers,led by Dr Len Fisher, discovered that holding the biscuit in a horizontal position-or“flat-on”-has a significant effect on the amount on the time of a biscuit can stay in hot liquid before falling apart.In fact this horizontal dunking results in a dunking time up to four times longer than traditional vertical dunking.What's the reason for this?It seems that the answer is related to diffusion,in other words,the length of time it takes for the liquid to penetrate the structure of the biscuit.Basically it takes longer for the liquid to travel through the channels of a biscuit when it is laid flat on the surface of liquid.Also the fact that when a biscuit is dunked horizontally,with the biscuit submerged in the liquid ,and the chocolate coating staying out of the liquid,the chocolate helps hold the biscuit together.Another factor influencing the equation is the temperature of the tea-the hotter the tea,the faster the sugar melts.The researchers also found that by dunking a biscuit into tea or coffee,up to ten times more flavor is released than if the biscuit is eaten dry.So it's worth experimenting yourself.If you are wondering how you can perfect the horizontal dunk,the researchers have come up with an idea for a biscuit-holding device to make dunking biscuits easier.They are even now working on producing a table giving guidelines on dunking times for different types of biscuits.On that note,I think it's time to go off to the canteen for a tea break!

当你边喝茶边吃饼干的时候,你会不会把饼干放到茶水中浸一浸?如果你会浸一浸的话，你知道浸饼干最好的方法吗?这是今天《科学在线》报告的主题。你可能很难相信，但是布里斯托尔大学的科学家们一直在研究分析这个问题。在经过了两个月的研究之后，他们总结出了一个浸泡饼干的数学公式。根据饼干制作者的研究，那些被泡在茶水里的饼干，有四分之一不会在杯底残留融化的巧克力和饼干碎屑。

浸泡炸面圈的人就不会面临这样的问题，因为炸面圈由有弹性的蛋白质面筋网结合而成，这些物质可以让炸面圈吸收水分却不破坏自身结构，然而饼干的结构却是由糖分结合而成，糖分被放在热咖啡或热茶中是会融化的。

那么两者不同的原因是什么呢,由莱思 费希尔博士带领的研究者们发现把饼干放在一个水平的位置或者平放，对饼干可以存在于热水中不破碎的时间有重要影响。事实上，这种水平浸泡饼干的方法导致饼干的浸泡时间是传统的垂直浸泡的时间的五倍。

产生这种现象的原因是什么？答案似乎与渗透有关系，换句话说，就是与液体渗入饼干结构当中所需要的时间有关。一般来说，当饼干平放在液体表面时，液体需要更多的时间进入饼干的机构当中。另外事实是当饼干水平浸入液体当中，并被浸没而巧克力外衣却在液体之外的时候，巧克力可以帮助维持饼干的结构。另一个影响这个反应式的因素就是茶水的温度，温度越高，糖分融化越快。研究者还发现，与干吃饼干相比，将饼干浸泡在茶或咖啡当中，有十倍多的味道会被释放出来。所以值得你亲身体验一下。如果你想知道怎样才能完美地水平浸泡你的饼干，研究着们已经产生一个想法去研究一种可以存放饼干的机器，使浸泡饼干更加容易。他们甚至正致力于研究出一种桌子，可以针对不同类型饼干的浸泡时间给出相应的指导.说到这,我认为是时候去餐厅喝茶休息一会了.Part II A: Hey, Louise!Look at this book about crop circles.Some of the photos are absolutely unbelievable.B: You don’t believe in all that stuff, do you, Peter?

A: I’m not saying I believe in UFOs and things.But some of the formations are fascinating.They’re made up of lots of the interconnected circles and geometrical shapes.You know, in the past few years, there have been more reports of then.The circles are getting larger and designs are getting more intricate…I’m sure that they can’t all be man-made.Think about it-they’re so complicated, and they appear night in the middle of fields of wheat, barley or corn.It’s definitely pretty weird.B: I know, but I saw a TV documentary about it.And they showed how a group of hoaxers made an elaborate crop circle in the field at night.Using wooden planks, ropes, plastic tubes, and a garden roller.They even fooled some of the people who believe in the paranormal.Aliens coming down in UFOs and creating them and so on.A: I’m sure lots of them are created by people just to get publicity but look here-it says ‛The first records of crop circles get back as far as the 17th century.Since the 1917s, there have been of 12000 reports from countries all around the world, including Italy, America, South Africa, Australia and Brazil.Most reports are from here in England though.B: But surely that’s just because they get so much media coverage these days? So more people are making them.A: Perhaps.But how do you explain the fact that the actual chemical composition of the grains of crops inside the circles changes? Scientific tests have found they have a higher protein level.The stems of the grains have often been exposed to high temperatures.And they found that the soil outside.So far, the hoaxers haven’t been able to copy all these features.B: Well, I’m not a scientist but I’m pretty sceptical about all these so-called paranormal explanations.I remember in the programme I watched, the researchers found signs of human interference, such as holes in the earth and footprints.A: Come on…you must admit, that still leaves a lot which is unexplained!B: There’s lots of things that are hard to explain but this really.A：嗨，露易丝！看看这本关于麦田怪圈的书。其中的一些图片真的是完全难以置信。B：你不会相信所有这样的材料吧，彼得？

A：我不是说我相信UFO之类的事。但是一些阵型很迷人。他们是由大量的互联圈和几何形状组成的。你知道,在过去的几年中,已经有越来越多的报道。这些怪圈正在变得更大，这些设计也在变得更错综复杂。。我确信他们不可能全部是人为的。你想想---他们是这么复杂，而且他们又在晚上出现在种

着小麦、大麦、玉米的田野的中央。这绝对是非常奇怪的事。

B：我知道。但是我看了一个关于这个的电视纪录片。他展示了一群骗子是怎样在晚上用木板、绳子、塑料管和花园辊子在田野里制造一个煞费苦心的麦田怪圈。他们甚至愚弄一些相信超自然的人们，说是外星人从UFO上下来制造了怪圈之类的谎言。

A：我相信他们其中的一些是为了引起公众注意而被人造的。但是看这里---它说‚最早关于麦田怪圈的记录可以追溯回十七世纪。从1917年，已经有来自全世界各地关于它的报道12000多次，包括意大利、美国、南非、澳大利亚和巴西，尽管更多的记录是来自英国。

B：但是这正是因为最近他们得到如此多的媒体报道。所以更多的人们去制造怪圈。

A：或许吧。但是你怎么解释在圈内的谷物的化学性质被改变这一事实呢？科学家们实验发现这些谷物有更高级的蛋白质。谷物的茎经常被暴露在高温下。同时他们还发现土壤外翻。截止现在，那些骗子们还不能复制所有的这些特点。

B：好吧，我不是科学家但是我对这些所谓的超自然解释非常持怀疑态度。我记得我曾经看过的一个节目，调查者发现人类干扰的迹象，像地上的洞和脚印。A：拜托。你必须承认，它还有许多事情是无法解释的！B：有很多事情是很难解释的但是这个真的。。

Unit 8 Inside view Part 1 Janet:So do you come here often,Joe? Joe:Yes,most weekends.It’s the kind of thing a lot of Londoners do when they’ve got some time off.Janet:So do you feel like a Londoner,Joe? Joe:Yes,I think so.You don’t have to be born a Londoner to feel like one.Janet:Is it only open on Saturday? Andy:It’s open all week,but there are a lot more stalls open from Friday to Sunday.Janet:What time does it open? Joe:It’s open between 10 a.m.and 6 p.m.Janet:6 o’clock.That’s quite early!Joe:Well,after six,everyone goes out to the pubs and restaurants and the clubs.So it gets pretty lively in the evening.It’s a very trendy kind of place.Janet:And it’s got clothes and jewelley and… Andy:They sell pretty well everything here.Janet:It’s very colourful.Is it a special occasion? Joe:No,just an ordinary weekend.But it’s true that on holiday weekends,it gets very busy.Andy:And all around here there are movie houses and clubs,and all sorts of cool places to hang out.That’s the Electric Ballroom down there… Janet:What’s that? Andy:It’s one of the great clubs in London,all sorts of bands have played there.Janet:I’ve never been to a club.It must be fun.Andy:OK,are you busy tonight? Janet:Er,why do you ask? Andy:Maybe we could go there?Have you any plans? Janet:I’d love to,but I’m afraid I… Andy:OK,no problem.Maybe some other time.珍妮：那么乔你经常来这里吗？

乔：是的，大多数周末我都来。来这里是许多伦敦人一有时间就会做得事情。珍妮：那你觉得自己像个伦敦人吗，乔？

乔：是的，我是这样觉得。你并不一定得在伦敦出生才能觉得自己像伦敦人。珍妮：市场只在周六开吗？

安迪：市场每天都开，但更多的货摊在周五到周日营业。珍妮：它什么时间开始营业呢？

乔：它的营业时间是上午十点到下午六点。珍妮：下午六点就关门了。真早啊！

乔：那是，六点之后，所有人都去酒吧或者饭店和俱乐部。所以傍晚会显得很生气勃勃。那是个非常吸引人的地方。珍妮：而且那里还有衣服和珠宝… 安迪：他们这里销售几乎所有的东西。

珍妮：这里看起来五彩缤纷。这是个特殊的时节么？

乔：不是的，仅仅是个普通的周末。但一到假日这里的确变得非常热闹。

安迪：而且在这周围有电影院和俱乐部，以及各种可以闲逛的地方。那边就是电子舞厅… 珍妮：那是什么？

安迪：那是伦敦很棒的俱乐部中之一，各种各样的的乐队都曾在那里表演。珍妮：我从来没有去过俱乐部。那一定很有趣吧。安迪：好的，那你今晚忙吗？ 珍妮：嗯，为什么这样问啊？

安迪：也许我们可以去那里啊？你有什么计划吗？ 珍妮：我想去，但我担心我… 安迪：那好，没关系。也许下次吧。

Part 2 Janet:People always seem to be having fun in London!Camden Mrket was great!Joe:Great for shopping!Andy:Well,there are lots and lots of festivals of film and music.And there are also quite a few street festivals,lik the Notting Hill Carnival.Janet:OK,and what happens? Andy:I’ll show you some footage from last year.Notting Hill is a district of London,and it has a large West Indian community.So at Carnival,the kids and adults go on a parade through th streets,wearing these amazing costumes and dancing to llive Caribbean music.Joe:And there’s lots of street food,and music and parties going on along the Carnival route.Yes,it

is great fun.Janet:And does everyone in London go to watch ? Joe: Well,it attracts about two million people a year.Janet:Wow!And when does it happen? Andy:It takes place at the end of August,although the usual time fo Carnival for the rest of the world is February.Janet:What does Carnival mean? Joe:It’s a festival which takes place in many Catholic countries 40 days before Easter,after which everyone is meant to eat and drink only mederately.And the Carnival in Rio de Janeiro in Brazil is probably the best-known,but ther are also carnivals in other cities.Janet:But then why is the Notting Hill Carnival in August? Joe:Beacause for the rest of the year, the whether is awful.Anyway,we’d better be going now,Janet.Janet:Oh,yes.Andy:Go where? Joe:I invited Janet to a jazz concert this evening.It starts in half an hour.Janet: Bye Andy.Take care!Andy:Bye Janet,look after yourself.珍妮：伦敦大概是人们常来玩的地方。肯顿市场真棒！乔：购物的好地方！

安迪：这里有许许多多的电影节和音乐节。这里还有相当多的街道节日像诺丁山狂欢节。珍妮：那会发生什么呢？0 安迪：我会向你展示一些去年的镜头。诺丁山是伦敦的一个地区，这里有一个很大的西印第安社区。所以在狂欢节期间，孩子和成年人们会身着奇装艳服，在街头伴着加勒比风格的音乐载歌载舞。乔：在狂欢节进行的过程中有许多街道特有的食物、音乐和聚会。的确十分有趣。珍妮：那是不是所有在伦敦的人都会去观看呢？ 乔：它每年吸引了将近两百万的人。珍妮：哇！那狂欢节什么时候开始呢？

安迪：虽然其他地方的狂欢节都是在二月举行的，但这里的狂欢节在八月底举行。珍妮：狂欢节有什么涵义呢？

乔：那是复活节四十天之前在信奉天主教的国度里进行的节日，节日后人们只能有节制地吃喝。在巴西里约热内卢举行的狂欢节或许是最出名的，但在其它城市也有狂欢节。珍妮：但为什么诺丁山狂欢节在八月举行呢？

乔：因为每年的其他时间天气都很糟糕。不管怎样，我们最好现在就走吧，珍妮。珍妮：嗯，好。安迪：去哪？

乔：我邀请了珍妮今晚去参加一个爵士音乐会。再过半个小时就开始了。珍妮：再见，安迪。小心！安迪：再见，珍妮。照顾好自己。

Cross-cultural Awareness Holidays and Customs This week ,on Cross-cultural Awarenes ,Holidays and Customs in Asia we meet some international students who are attending school in California.Many students here are Asian.Asian celebrate a lunar New Year ,so the exact date changes every year.New Year is the biggest holiday in Asia cultures.The holidays lasts for 15 days and ends with a lantern

第四篇：新标准大学英语视听说教程4答案Book 4Unit 10

Book 4Unit 10

CAAAADCCDB

DDCBDBDBBBC

CCCCDADCAAAD

expected

tackling

low-carbon

promote

newly-formed

benefit

coopetaring

mining

But during the process of digging for coal, it is very easy to trigger mine gas explosions

But sister cities' bonding is more than business.And the cooperation can cross all kinds of fields The areas of cooperation include politics, economy and trade, culture, education, environmental protection and city construction

absorbed

exposure

survival

institutions

admitted

deficiency

compared

slightly

The analysis confirmed that the difference in mortality rates between the two groups was very unlikely to be due to chance

Sunlight is the main source of vitamin D, so it tends to be a winter problem when people spend much time indoors

There is accumulating evidence that we need vitamin D to help fight infections, as well as improve bone health

（两篇being都有，终于结束了！！）

（97）

第五篇：新视野大学英语视听说教程3第二版答案

都是截图的答案 Unit1 Basic listening bdacd Listening in Tesk1

Task 2

Task 3 Bcdad

Further listening and speaking Further listening Task1

Task 2

Task 3 Bacdd Viewing and speaking > Task 1

Unit1 test Abdbd

Cabda Caadcbacbc

-------------------------Unit2 Lead in Task1

Basic listening practice Bdaac Listening in > Task 1

Task2 Dabcd Task3 Ddabc Let's talk > Task 1

Further listening and speaking > Further listening > Task 1

Task2 dbacc task3

Viewing and speaking > Task 1

Unit2 test ccbcd

Bcdcb Bcdccaddbc

--------

Unit3 Lead in > Task 1

Basic listening Cadba Listening in Task1 Cacbd Tast2

Tast3 Dadac Let's talk > Task 1

Further listening and speaking > Further listening > Task 1 Cbacd Task2 Ababb Task3 : The Russian hurled the half-full bottle of vodka out of the open window.He answered, “Vodka is plentiful in my country.In fact, we have thousands and thousands of liters of it—far more than we need.” The businessman said, “I thought the Cuban economy was not good this year.Yet you threw that perfectly good cigar away.I find your actions quite puzzling.” He replied, “Cigars are a dime a dozen in Cuba.We have more of them than we know what to do with.” The American businessman sat in silence for a moment.Then he got up, grabbed the lawyer, and threw him out of the window.He did that probably because he thought there were too many lawyers in the United States.Further listening and speaking > Viewing and speaking > Task 1

Unit 3 test Bcbbd

Cabdd Dbaddcabba

---------------

Unit4 Lead in Task1

Basic listening practice Cabcd Listening in  Task 1 

 Task2  Baaba  Task3  Aaadc Let's talk > Task 1

 Further listening and speaking  > Further listening > 

Task 1

 Task2  Bcadc  Task3

Further listening and speaking > Viewing and speaking > Task 1

 Unit4 test  Dadcc

    Cabda Adbcadabcd Unit5 Lead in

        Basic listening practice Cabcc Listening in Task1 Dcdab Task2 Ababa Task3

 Let's talk >  Task 1

 Further listening and speaking >  Further listening > 

Task 1  Adcbc  Task2

 Tast3 1

Further listening and speaking > Viewing and speaking > Task 1

Unit5 test Cacdd

Dabcd Cabccabdac------ Unit6  Basic listening  Cdacb Listening in > Task 1  Abaabaa  Task2  Bccad  Task3  Caacb  Let's talk >  Task 1

 Task2

Further listening and speaking

Further listening > Task 1

Task2  Baaba  Task3  Ccbad Further listening and speaking  Viewing and speaking >  Task 1

 Unit6 test  Cbcdc

 Cbacd  Dabcbcaadc ----------------------- Unit7  Basic listening practice  Bcabc Listening in > Task 1

Task2  Cbbad  Task3

 Let's talk > 

Task 1

              Further listening and speaking > Further listening > Task 1 Dccac Task2 Babba Task3 Cbdca Further listening and speaking > Viewing and speaking > Task 1 268(不确定哈)Unit7 test Addcd

           Cbdac Bdbcabdcdd Unit8 Basic listening practice Ccbad Listening in > Task 1 Baccd Task2 Cdcbc Task3

 Let’s talk  Task1

    Further listening and speaking > Further listening > Task 1 Bacbc  Task2

Task3     Cdaba Further listening and speaking > Viewing and speaking > Task 1

 Unit8 test  Cbadd

       Abcbd Cbacbabcdc-------------------Unit9 Lead in Plane

bike

truck/lorry

ship

bus

motorcycle

subway/underground Basic listening  Cbcda  Listening in > Task 1

      Task2 Accdd Task3 Abdda Let's talk > Task 1

Further listening and speaking > Further listening > Task 1

Task2 Dcdab Task3

Further listening and speaking > Viewing and speaking > Task 1

Unit9 test 跳过了，看不到答案了。。。。。

---Unit10最后一单元了

呼呼 Lead in > Task 1 Aaabaabaaa Basic listening practice Cdabc Listening in Task1 Bcdca Task2 Abbab Task3

Let's talk > Task 1

Further listening and speaking > Further listening > Task 1 Abddc Task2

Task3

Viewing and speaking > Task 1

Unit10 test Bcbcd

Bcbad bcacdcbabd