第一篇：大学英语精读第三册
Passage One A couple of years ago I spent the day at an elementary school in New Jersey.It was a nice average school, a square and solid building, full of reasonably well-behaved kids from middle-class families.I handled three classes, and by the time I staggered out the door I wanted to lie down for the rest of the day.Teaching's the toughest job there is.In his new memoir, “Teacher Man,” Frank McCourt recalls telling his students, “Teaching is harder than working on docks and warehouses.” Not to mention writing a column.I can stare off into the middle distance with my chin(下巴)in my hand any time.But you go mentally south for five minutes in front of a class of fifth graders, and you are sunk.The average new teacher today makes just under $30,000 a year, which may not look too bad for a twenty-something with no mortgage(抵押贷款)and no kids.But soon enough the new teachers realize that they can make more money and not work anywhere near as hard elsewhere.After a lifetime of hearing the old legends about cushy(舒适安逸的)hours and summer vacations, they figure out that early mornings are for students who need extra help, evenings are for test corrections and lesson plans, and weekends and summers are for second and even third jobs to try to pay the bills.According to the Department of Education, one in every five teachers leaves after the first year, and almost twice as many leave within three.If any business had that rate of turnover, someone would do something smart and strategic to fix it.This isn't any business.It's the most important business around, the gardeners of the landscape of the human race.Unfortunately, the current way of dealing with problems in education is taken directly from business practice, and it's a terrible fit.Instead of simply acknowledging that starting salaries are woefully low and committing to increasing them and finding the money for reasonable recurring raises, politicians have wasted decades talking about something called merit pay(奖励工资).It's a concept that works fine if you're making toys, but kids aren't toys, and good teaching isn't an assembly line.26.What can we infer from the first paragraph about teachers? 1“>They have to teach three classes at a time.2”>They have a very rewarding job.3“>They prefer to teach children from middle-class families.4”>They have a very hard job to do.27.Why does the author say teaching is tougher than writing a column? 1“>Teaching is like working on docks and warehouses.2”>Teaching demands full attention.3“>Teachers have to work with children.4”>Teachers have no chance to go traveling.28.What do new teachers find out after some practice? 1“>Their starting salary is lower than offered by other occupations.2”>They have to work during vacations to make ends meet.3“>They have to plan their time well to get everything done.4”>They can take a second or even a third job besides teaching.29.We can infer from the fourth paragraph that the author thinks __________.1“>measures should be taken to keep teachers in their jobs 2”>the rate of turnover in teaching is low compared to other occupations 3“>it's natural for a number of teachers to quit in three to five years 4”>it's fair to call teachers the gardeners of the landscape of the human race 30.What does the author think of merit pay? 1“>It will make up for teachers' low starting salaries.2”>It will bring down the turnover rate of teachers.3“>It is a good fix for current educational problems.4”>It is not suitable for the teaching profession.几年前,我花了一整天在新泽西的一所小学。这是一个很好的学校,平均一个正方形和坚实的建筑,充满了合理行为端正的来自中产阶级家庭的孩子。我处理了三个类,我交错的时候出了门我想躺下休息的一天。教学是最艰难的工作。在他新出版的回忆录中写道,“老师的人,”弗兰克•麦考特回忆说告诉他的学生,“教学是比在码头和仓库工作。“更不用说写一个专栏。我可以用我的下巴凝视到中间的距离(下巴)在我的手。但你精神上南走五分钟前的五年级学生,你沉没了。新老师今天让平均每年不到30000美元,这可能不是太糟糕了寻找一个二十来岁,没有抵押贷款(抵押贷款),也没有孩子。但很快新教师意识到他们可以赚更多的钱,而不是工作接近其他地方一样硬。一生的听证会后老传说轻松(舒适安逸的)时间和暑假,他们指出,早期的早晨是学生需要额外的帮助,晚上为测试修正和教案,周末和暑假是第二个,甚至第三个工作来支付账单。根据教育部,每五个老师离开后第一年,几乎两倍在三个之内离开。如果任何业务,周转率,有人会做一些聪明的和战略来解决它。这不是任何业务。这是最重要的业务,人类的景观的园丁。不幸的是,当前的处理问题方式在教育是直接取自商业实践,这是一个可怕的健康。而不是简单地承认,可悲的是起薪低且致力于增加他们,找到钱合理的重复提出,政客们已经浪费了几十年谈论所谓绩效工资(奖励工资)。这是一个概念,如果你制作玩具没问题,但是孩子不是玩具,良好的教学并不是一个生产线。
26岁。第一段,我们能从中推断出什么老师? 1 “ >他们教三个类。” >他们有一个很有成就感的工作。3 >他们喜欢教来自中产阶级家庭的孩子。4 “ >他们有一个非常困难的工作要做。27。为什么作者说教学是比写专栏吗? 1 ” >教学是在码头和仓库工作。2 “ >教学要求充分重视。3 >老师和孩子们工作。4 ” >教师没有机会去旅行。28。新教师一些练习后发现什么? 1 “ >他们的起薪低于其他职业提供的。2 ” >他们必须工作在假期来维持生计。3 >他们必须计划时间完成一切。“ >他们可以接受第二个甚至第三个工作除了教学。29。我们可以推断出从第四段作者认为__________。1 ” >应采取措施使教师在他们的工作 2 “ >教学周转率低比其他职业 ” >很自然的教师在三到五年内辞职 4 “ >公平打电话给老师的园丁的人类 30。作者认为绩效工资什么? 1 ” >将弥补教师低起薪。2 “ >会降低教师的流动率。” >这是一个很好的解决当前教育问题。4 “ >它是不适合教学工作。
Passage Two Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage: I was born with a disability that affects my sense of balance, causing me to walk with a limp.Not only does it affect the function of the legs, but it also has an impact on the kidneys.The disability has had its ups and downs.As a young child, I can remember the way other children would stare at me because of the way that I walked.There were many times that my schoolmates would laugh at me and call me names simply because of their lack of understanding, especially back in the mid 70s and early 80s.Children then were just unwilling to take the time to learn why one of their classmates might walk, speak or seem noticeably different from themselves.Now that I am an adult, I have noticed that the stares and names have begun to fade, and judgments that once were negative have begun to turn toward acceptance.The signing of the Americans with Disabilities Act(ADA)has played a great part in breaking down some of those barriers(障碍)that, as a child, left me to fight a war that seemed to have no end.Now I look beyond what I can't do and focus on what I can.I have learned that limitations open doors that have been closed, showing other ways to meet our needs.I have always looked at life as a challenge, grasping each obstacle with open arms.There is nothing in this world that comes easy.I must stand tall and look forward, to be ever so ready for what still lies ahead.People often feel sorry for those who were born with some type of disability.But their compassion(怜悯)is misplaced.Yes, I may not be able to run as fast or perform certain tasks, but my disability gives me a better look at life and all that's around me.I want to be seen not as a disability but as a person who has, and will continue to, bloom(成长).So I decided to become an advocate(倡导者)on behalf of disabled Americans, to fight for our rights that for so long have been ignored.I feel that it only takes one powerful voice to change the minds of many nations, and as long as I have a mouth to use and a mind to think I will continue to work to bring peace upon the disabled community.31.Why did children stare at the author when he was young? 1”>He walked in an uneven way.2“>He often lost his balance and fell to the ground.3”>He had an appearance quite different from others.4“>He spoke in a different way from others.32.It can be inferred from the passage that in the 1970s, disabled children ________.1”>were not accepted by their peers 2“>received different treatment at school 3”>had frequent fights with their classmates 4“>had ups and downs in their life 33.Being disabled, the author ________.1”>has lost many a battle in his life 2“>looks at life as a challenge 3”>focuses on the limitations he has to suffer 4“>is angry for the many opportunities he has lost 34.According to the author, his disability ________.1”>has given him a better understanding of life 2“>aroused sympathy from people around him 3”>is a constant barrier between him and the community 4“>has prevented him from growing up to a full person 35.Why did the author decide to become an advocate for the disabled? 1”>He still has a mouth to use and a mind to think.2“>He has got a powerful voice to change people's minds.3”>The signing of the ADA has failed to change a thing in their life.4“>Their rights are still being ignored.我出生与一个残疾,影响我的平衡感,让我走路一瘸一拐。它不仅影响腿的功能,但它也有一个对肾脏的影响。残疾人都有其跌宕起伏。作为一个年轻的孩子,我记得别的孩子会盯着我,因为我走的方式。有很多次,我的同学们会嘲笑我,说我的名字只是因为缺乏了解,尤其是在70年代中期和80年代早期。孩子只是不愿意花时间去学习他们的一个同学为什么会走路,说话或看起来明显不同于自己。现在,我是一个成年人,我已经注意到,凝视着,名字已经开始褪色,和判断,一旦被负已经开始转向接受。签署《美国残疾人法案》(ADA)发挥了很大一部分在打破这些障碍(障碍),作为一个孩子,让我打一场战争,似乎没有尽头。现在我超越我不能做什么,关注什么。我知道限制打开大门已经关闭,显示其他方法来满足我们的需求。我一直看着的生活挑战,把握每个障碍张开双臂。在这个世界上没有什么是容易的。我必须忍受高和向前看,所以准备过的日子还在前头。人们常常感到抱歉对于那些天生就有某种类型的残疾。但是他们的同情心(怜悯)是错误的。是的,我可能无法或执行某些任务跑得一样快,但我的残疾使我的生活变得更好看,我周围的所有。我想被视为一种残疾,但作为一个人,并将继续,布鲁姆(成长)。所以我决定成为一个倡导者(倡导者)代表残疾人的美国人来说,争取我们的权利,长久以来被忽视了。我觉得只需要一个强有力的声音改变许多国家的想法,只要我有一个口使用和心灵思考我将继续工作在残疾人社区带来和平。31日。为什么孩子盯着作者年轻时? 1 ” >他走以不均匀的方式。“ >他经常失去平衡,摔倒在地。3 ” >他出现完全不同于其他人。4 “ >他说别人的方式不同。
32。从文章中可以推断,在1970年代,残疾儿童________。1 ” >没有同龄人所接受 2 “ >在学校接受不同的治疗 3“>经常与同学打架 ” >在他们的生活跌宕起伏 33。被禁用,作者________。“ >已经失去了很多在他的生活中 2 ” >看着生活的挑战 3 >关注他遭受的局限性 “ >愤怒的他已经失去了很多机会 34。根据作者,他的残疾________。1 ” >给了他一个更好的理解生活 2 “ >引起了周围人的同情 ” >是一个常数他和社区之间的障碍 4 “ >已经阻止了他成长为一个完整的人 35。为什么作者决定成为一个倡导残疾人? 1 ” >他仍然有一个口使用和思维去思考。2 “ >他有一个强大的声音,改变人们的想法。>签署《美国残疾人法》未能改变生活中的一件事。4 ” >他们的权利仍然被忽视。
Passage Three Questions 36-40 are based on the following passage: I'm coming off this plane, and landing at London airport.I'm looking around for a middle-aged woman, my Aunt Penn, who I've seen in pictures.The photographs are out of date, but she looked like the type who would wear a big necklace(项链)and flat shoes, and maybe some kind of narrow dress in black or gray.But I'm just guessing since the pictures only showed her face.Anyway, I'm looking and looking and everyone's leaving and there's no signal on my phone and I'm thinking, “Oh great, I'm going to be abandoned at the airport so that's two countries they don't want me in,” when I notice everyone's gone except this kid who comes up to me and says, “You must be Daisy.” And when I look relieved he does too and says, “I'm Edmond.” “Hello Edmond,” I say, “nice to meet you.” I look at him hard to try to get a feel for what my new life with my cousins might be like.Now let me tell you what he looks like before I forget because it's not exactly what you'd expect from your average fourteen-year-old what with the cigarette and hair that looked like he cut it himself with a knife in the dead of night, but aside from that he's exactly like some kind of mutt, you know the ones you see at the dog shelter who are kind of hopeful and sweet and put their nose straight into your hand when they meet you with a certain kind of dignity and you know from that second that you're going to take him home? Well that's him.Only he took me home.I'll take your bag, he said, and even though he's about half a mile shorter than me and has arms about as thick as a dog leg, he grabs my bag, and I grab it back and say “Where's your mom, is she in the car?” And he smiles and takes a drag on his cigarette, which, even though I know smoking kills and all that, I think is a little bit cool, but maybe all the kids in England smoke cigarettes? I don't say anything in case it's a well-known fact that the smoking age in England is something like twelve and by making a big thing about it I'll end up looking like an idiot when I've barely been here five minutes.Anyway, he says,“ Mum couldn't come to the airport because she's working, and everyone else seemed to be somewhere else, so I drove here myself.” 36.Daisy flew to London to ________.1“>see England 2”>live with her aunt 3“>meet Edmond 4”>visit a friend 37.Before Edmond greeted her, Daisy felt ________.1“>anxious 2”>curious 3“>relieved 4”>excited 38.Edmond waited till everyone was gone before greeting Daisy because _______.1“>he did not want to talk to a girl before others 2”>he did not get Daisy's phone call 3“>he had never seen Daisy before 4”>he was looking for a middle-aged woman 39.What did Edmond look like in Daisy's eyes? 1“>An average 14-year-old.2”>A lost dog.3“>An old friend.4”>A man with dignity.40.Daisy did not make any comment about Edmond smoking because _______.1“>she knew all children in England smoke cigarettes 2”>she thought smoking did harm to one's health 3“>the smoking age in England is about twelve 4”>she did not want to make a fool of herself
51.Large-scale studies are needed to ________ the encouraging results we have obtained so far.1“>conduct 2”>confirm 3“>contract 4”>commit 52.Dr.Smith is starting the first training program himself, and his methods of teaching will be used in all ________ training programs.1“>subsequent 2”>temporary 3“>fruitful 4”>energetic 53.Whoever disobeys the company's safety regulations shall be ________ on the spot.1“>dismissed 2”>switched 3“>interrupted 4”>revealed 54.This is a very formal occasion.It is not appropriate to wear ________ pants or skirts.1“>messy 2”>frantic 3“>casual 4”>jealous 55.All the questions the police asked ________ what she had been doing on the night of the robbery.1“>brought up 2”>revolved around 3“>built on 4”>singled out 56.The noise ________ to be just the dogs fighting for a bone in the courtyard.1“>made out 2”>worked out 3“>rang out 4”>turned out 57.Our system has been designed to give the user quick and easy ________ to the required information.1“>accent 2”>access 3“>response 4”>approach 58.So far only a dozen people who had direct contact with live chickens have ________ the bird flu.1“>distributed 2”>displayed 3“>contracted 4”>constituted 59.Many young women do aerobics(增氧健美操)every day in their ________ to achieve the perfect body.1“>quest 2”>strain 3“>temptation 4”>campaign 60.The official ________ of the events is that the police were attacked and were just trying to defend themselves.1“>issue 2”>illusion 3“>version 4”>perspective 61.________ the warning that smoking kills, the number of smokers does not seem to drop in our country.1“>With 2”>For 3“>As 4”>Despite 62.Why did you have to ________ the subject of religion since you know the guests are sharply divided on it? 1“>bring up 2”>leave out 3“>turn against 4”>call up 63.If schoolchildren are allowed to work at their own ________, their performance will generally improve.1“>version 2”>pace 3“>evolution 4”>system 64.Clara was ________ to sell her late husband's paintings to pay her debts.1“>qualified 2”>assumed 3“>compelled 4”>racked 65.To attract foreign investors, you have to ________ them that their investment will have profitable returns.1“>confirm 2”>stimulate 3“>grab 4”>convince 66.I don't think I can ever ________ my teachers for their devoted work, but I can in my turn do my best for my students.1“>repay 2”>interrupt 3“>respond 4”>witness 67.The conference was an attempt to ________ discussion of the problem of widening gaps between the rich and the poor.1“>stimulate 2”>conduct 3“>intend 4”>uncover 68.The lawyer outlined the case to him, being careful not to ________ anything important.1“>save up 2”>cut through 3“>leave out 4”>take out 69.The clerk held my passport four inches from his face and ________ to read it.1“>affected 2”>flipped 3“>strained 4”>giggled 70.The wounded woman got to her feet and made a ________ at the kitchen knife at the sink.1“>grab 2”>click 3“>comment 4”>pat 71.The designers made the most ________ water gardens to match the houses, with canals, fountains and cascades(小瀑布).1“>casual 2”>elaborate 3“>fruitful 4”>frantic 72.Suggesting something which he or she can do ________ the child's sense of achievement.1“>makes up 2”>pass on 3“>brings up 4”>adds to 73.If these problems are not ________ early in their training, they can be a real danger to themselves and to their instructors.1“>skipped 2”>contracted 3“>spotted 4”>responded 74.In order to reach ________ physical fitness for the coming match, he cut out all social activities and concentrated on his training.1“>maximum 2”>temporary 3“>extensive 4”>detached 75.We can't ________ the suspects to be guilty simply because they've decided to remain silent.1“>interpret 2”>assume 3“>grant 4”>arrest 76.The professor ________ the whole chapter, saying it was not difficult for us to study it by ourselves.1“>dismissed 2”>covered 3“>skipped 4”>explored 77.Tourism authorities ________ quickly to reports of the attack, claiming that it was accidental and that crime against tourists was quite rare in the scenic areas.1“>added 2”>fastened 3“>skipped 4”>responded 78.It is rarely useful to try and adjust fully to the time-zone transition(转变)before the journey, since this will ________ your life-style too much.1“>interrupt 2”>flip 3“>renovate 4”>decay 79.To ________ for the position, applicants would need to have a PhD degree and 3 years' working experience.1“>strain 2”>qualify 3“>register 4”>campaign 80.We must come to a decision and take action quickly, for time is ________ faster than we think.1“>catching on 2”>running out 3“>stepping up 4”>revolving around
我从这架飞机,降落在伦敦机场。我找了一位中年妇女,我姑姑潘,我看过照片。照片是过时了,但她看起来像谁会穿一个大类型的项链(项链),平底鞋,也许一些狭窄的穿黑色或灰色。但我只是猜测因为图片只显示了她的脸。不管怎样,我想,和每个人的离开,我的电话没有信号,我想,“哦,太好了,我要放弃在机场这是两国在,他们不希望我”当我注意到每个人都去除了这孩子过来对我说,“你一定是黛西。“当我看他做太松了一口气说,“我是爱德蒙。”“你好,爱德蒙,”我说,“很高兴见到你。“我看着他努力尝试了解我和我的表亲们可能会喜欢的新生活。现在让我告诉你他是什么样子在我忘记之前,因为它不是你希望从你的平均14岁的香烟和头发的样子他自己切了用刀在夜深人静的时候,但是除了他就像某种杂种狗,你知道的你看到狗庇护所的希望和甜,把他们的鼻子直接进入你的手当他们见到你的某种尊严和你知道,第二,你要带他回家?这就是他。只有他带我回家。我接受你的包,他说,尽管他的大约半英里比我短,手臂一样粗的狗腿,他抓住我的包,我抓住它,说:“你的妈妈,她在车里吗?”,他笑着将拖累他的香烟,即使我知道因吸烟而死亡,我觉得有点凉,但也许在英国所有的孩子抽烟吗?我不会说任何情况下这是一个众所周知的事实是英国吸烟年龄之类的十二个,通过做一件大事,我看起来像个白痴当我几乎在这里五分钟。不管怎样,他说,“妈妈不能来机场,因为她的工作,而其他人似乎在别的地方,所以我开车我自己。” 36。黛西飞往伦敦________。1 “ >看到英格兰 2 ” >姑姑住在一起 3 >满足爱德蒙 4 “ >拜访一位朋友
37岁。爱德蒙前迎接她,黛西感到________。1 ” >焦虑 2 “ >好奇 >松了一口气 4 ” >兴奋
38。爱德蒙等到所有人都走了之前问候黛西因为_________。1 “ >他不想跟一个女孩在别人 2 ” >他没有得到黛西的电话 3 >他从来没有见过黛西 4“>他寻找一位中年妇女
39岁。爱德蒙在黛西的眼睛看起来像什么? 1 “ >平均14岁。2 ” >一个走失的狗。3 >一个老朋友。“ >一个有尊严的人。
40。黛西并没有做出任何评论爱德蒙吸烟因为_________。1 ” >她知道在英国所有的孩子抽烟 2 “ >她认为吸烟危害健康 3 ” >英国吸烟年龄大约是十二 4 “ >她不想欺骗自己
51。大规模研究需要________迄今为止我们取得的令人鼓舞的结果。1 ” >行为 2 “ >确认 3 >合同 4 ” >提交
52岁。史密斯博士开始第一个培训计划,和他的教学方法将用于所有培训项目。1 “ >后续 2 ” >临时 3 >富有成果 4 “ >精力充沛
53岁。谁不服从公司的安全条例应当______。1 ” >了 2 “ >切换 3 >打断 4 ” >透露
54。这是一个非常正式的场合。不适合穿在裤子或裙子。1 “ >混乱 2 ” >疯狂 3 >休闲 4 “ >嫉妒
55。警察问的所有问题——她一直做什么晚上的抢劫。1 ” >长大 2 “ >围绕 3 ” >建立在 4 “ >挑出
56。噪声在只是骨头在院子里的狗打架。1 ” >了 2 “ > 3 ” >响起 4 “ > 57。我们的系统被设计给用户快速和容易________到所需的信息。1 ” >口音 2 “ >访问 3 ” >响应 4“>的方法 58岁。到目前为止,只有十几个人活着的鸡有直接接触禽流感。1 “ >分布式 2 ” >显示 3 >合同 4 “ >构成
59。许多年轻女性做有氧运动(增氧健美操)每天________来达到完美的身体。1 ” >追求 2 “ >应变 3 >诱惑 4 ” >活动
60。官方在警察遭到袭击的事件,只是想保护自己。1 >问题 2 “ >错觉 3 ” >版本 “ >的角度来看
61年。________因吸烟而死亡的警告,吸烟者的数量似乎并没有下降。1 ” > 2 “ > 3 ” > 4 “ >尽管
62年。你为什么要从宗教的主题因为你知道客人是严重分歧吗? 1 ” >弹出 2 “ > 3 ” >反对 4 “ >打电话
63年。如果学生被允许在自己的工作______,他们通常会提高性能。1 ” >版本 2 “ >速度 3 >进化 4 ” >系统
64年。克拉拉是________出售她已故丈夫的作品支付债务。1 “ >合格 2 ” >假定 3 >强迫 4 “ >折磨
65年。吸引外国投资者,你必须立刻停止他们的投资会有丰厚的回报。1 ” >确认 2 “ >刺激 3 >抓住 4 ” >说服
66年。我不认为我能______老师对他们的投入工作,但我可以在我将为我的学生做我最好的。1 “ >偿还 2 ” >中断 3 >回应 4 “ >见证
67年。会议是企图在讨论问题的富人和穷人之间的差距不断扩大。1 ” >刺激 2 “ >行为 3“>意愿 4 ” >发现
68年。列出的律师对他而言,小心不要在什么重要。1 “ >保存 2 ” >穿过 3 >离开 4 “ >取出
69年。店员举行我的护照4英寸从他的脸,在阅读它。1 ” >的影响 2 “ >翻 3“>紧张 ” >咯咯直笑
70年。受伤的女人有她的脚,________在水槽的菜刀。1 “ >抓住 2 ” >点击 3“>评论 4 “ >帕特
71年。设计师作出了最______的水花园与房屋、运河、喷泉和瀑布(小瀑布)。1 ” >休闲 “ >精心制作的 3 >富有成果 4 ” >疯狂
72年。表明他或她可以做的事情在孩子的成就感。1 “ >组成 2 ” >转嫁 3 “ >提出 4 ” >增加了
73年。如果这些问题不从早在他们的训练,他们可以是一个真正的危险,自己和他们的教练。1 “ >跳过 2 ” >合同 3 >发现 4 “ >回应
74年。以达到______身体健康为即将到来的比赛,他把所有的社会活动和集中培训。1 ” >最大 2 “ >临时 3 >广泛 4 ” >分离
75年。我们不能从嫌疑人有罪,因为他们已经决定保持沉默。1 “ >解读 2 ” >假设 3 >格兰特 4 “ >逮捕
76年。教授在整个一章,说对我们来说并不难自己研究。1 ” >了 2 “ >覆盖 3 >跳过 4 ” >探索
77年。旅游部门______迅速袭击的报道,声称这是偶然的,犯罪对游客在风景区是相当罕见的。1 >说: 2 “ >系 3 >跳过 4 ” >回应
78年。很少有用的尝试和调整充分的时区转换(转变)在旅程之前,因为这将在你的生活太多。1 “ >中断 2 ” >翻转 3 >更新 4 “ >衰变
79年。________的位置,申请者需要有一个博士学位,3年的工作经验。1 ” >应变 2 “ >资格 3 >注册 4 ” >活动
80年。我们必须作出决定和采取行动迅速,时间是在比我们想象的更快。1 “ > 2 ” >耗尽 3 “ >加大 4 ” >围绕
81．不打算努力工作的人就没有可能取得成功。
No one who does not intend to work hard stands a chance of success.82．看来你从因特网上下载的这个故事是原文的简写本。
It seems the story you downloaded from the Internet is a simplified version of the original.83．我相信如果财富以更为合理的方式分配，世界上就没有人会挨冻受饿。
I am convinced that if wealth is distributed in a more reasonable manner, no one will suffer from cold and hunger in the world.84．玛丽加到她网站上的图片确实吸引一些访客的注意。
The pictures Mary added to her website did catch the eye of a number of visitors.85．萨拉没有让她身体的残疾挡住她想当棒球评论作家的路。
Sarah did not allow her physical disability to stand in her way to becoming a baseball editorialist.Passage One Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage: I don't know why we are here.Ever since we came here, we have been treated very badly, and all I have heard since we have been here are people yelling in a language I don't understand, or people screaming as they were separated from loved ones.I have been made to lie on this hard, cold table, while strange men have taken away my crutches(拐杖).When I don't come when they call, they beat me repeatedly with a thick stick, and they laugh when I cry out for help.On bare skin it hurts so horribly, and I am so covered with bruises(瘀伤)and cuts it's a wonder I have any skin left!They call me an “undesirable”, and they keep telling me that they have “plans” for me.Whenever I ask what they are going to do, they just laugh and tell me to shut up and to mind my own business.I have had to have my hair shaved off, and I wear ill-fitting clothes;and I also have had to go around naked;and with other people looking at me, it makes me very unhappy.It is very cold here in these camps, and people have gotten sick;and disease has run rampant(猖獗).There is typhus about, and I am scared that I will get it next!I have eaten but very little, and what I ate tasted nasty.Life has been very hard for all of us, and every day, I see more and more bodies piling up.It is during these times when I wish I could see my mama or papa again, and I wish I were still at home in Warsaw!I wish I were still at home in my little bed or safe in mama's arms;I still can remember her telling me that she loved me so much, and that I was her angel(天使)!I also remember papa's strong arms and his big, booming laugh;but then the War came, and it changed everything;and now I am here, and I don't know what I may have done to deserve being here at Auschwitz!I am only a little boy who can't walk, and I didn't ask to be captured by the Germans or taken to this awful place!I didn't ask to be born a Jew, and I certainly didn't ask to be born handicapped!Now it seems that is exactly why I am here at this camp, and I am so scared！26．We can learn from the first two paragraphs that the author of this passage was ________.1“>an unpleasant person 2”>an intelligent child 3“>a disabled person 4”>a German citizen 27.The author was scared because ________.1“>he had little to eat and might be starved to death 2”>he didn't know the language used in the place 3“>he had to walk around naked before others 4”>he was afraid of catching typhus 28.According to the author, at Auschwitz ________.1“>children were taken care of by their parents 2”>death was a daily occurrence 3“>children were treated like angels 4”>people laughed at the Germans 29.The author thought he was taken to Auschwitz because ________.1“>he was a handicapped Jew 2”>his parents no longer cared for him 3“>he had said something that annoyed the Germans 4”>his home in Warsaw had been destroyed by the war 30.It can be inferred from the passage that ________.1“>anyone who dared to cry in Auschwitz would be beaten up by the Germans 2”>many children were left without a family after the war in Warsaw 3“>members of a family were separated from each other at Auschwitz 4”>Auschwitz was only one of the many camps where the Germans tortured the Jews 我不知道为什么我们在这里。自从我们来到这里,我们一直非常糟糕,我们一直以来我听到这里有人们叫喊的语言我不懂,或者人们尖叫当他们与所爱的人分离。我已经躺在这,冷表,而陌生男人已经拿走了我的拐杖(拐杖)。当我不他们叫的时候,他们打我反复用杠子,笑当我哭出来帮忙。在裸露的皮肤疼得这么惨,我满伤痕(瘀伤)和削减怀疑我有任何皮肤了!他们叫我“不良”,他们告诉我,他们对我有“计划”。每当我问他们要做什么,他们只是笑,告诉我闭嘴,管好我自己的事。我不得不把头发剃掉,我穿不合身的衣服,我也不得不去裸体;和别人看着我,这让我很不高兴。在这些营地,这里很冷,人生病了,和疾病已泛滥成灾(猖獗)。有斑疹伤寒,我害怕我接下来会得到它!我吃过但很少,我吃的味道的。我们所有人的生活非常艰难,每一天,我看到越来越多的尸体堆积如山。正是在这些时候,我希望我能再次见到我的妈妈或爸爸,和我希望我仍在华沙在家!我希望我仍在家里在我的小床或安全在妈妈的怀里,我还能记得她告诉我,她非常爱我,我是她的天使(天使)!我还记得爸爸的胳膊和他的大强,蓬勃发展的笑,但战争来了,它改变了一切,现在我在这里,我不知道我可能做的应该是在奥斯维辛集中营!我只是一个小男孩不能走路,我不要求被德国人或被这个可怕的地方!我没有问出生一个犹太人,我当然没有问出生残疾!现在看来,就是为什么我在这里在这个营地,和我很害怕！26.我们可以借鉴前两个段落,这篇文章的作者是________。1 “ >一个不愉快的人 2 ” >一个聪明的孩子 3 “ >一个残疾人 4 ” >德国公民
27。作者很害怕因为________。1 “ >他几乎没有吃会饿死 2 ” >他不知道所使用的语言 3 >他不得不在别人面前裸体走动 4 “ >他怕感染斑疹伤寒
28。根据作者在奥斯维辛________。1“>的孩子被他们的父母照顾 2 ” >死亡是家常便饭 >孩子们像天使一样对待 4 >人嘲笑德国
29。作者认为他被送往奥斯维辛集中营,因为________。1 “ >他是一个残疾人犹太人 2 ” >他的父母不再照顾他 >他说的话惹恼了德国人的东西 4 “ >在华沙被战争摧毁了
30。从文章中可以推断出来,________。1 ” >谁敢哭在奥斯维辛集中营被德国人 “ >后,许多孩子都没有一个家庭战争在华沙 3”>的家人分开在奥斯维辛 ” >奥斯维辛集中营的只有一个营的德国人虐待犹太人
Passage Two Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage: One of the first productive daydreamers may have been Archimedes.In the third century BC, the Greek scientist and inventor was taking a bath when he suddenly grasped a method for determining whether a gold crown was mixed with a cheaper metal.More recently, Sigmund Freud wrote extensively about the psychological importance of dreams, including daydreams.Scientists began investigating daydreaming as an invention and problem-solving tool about 40 years ago after they noticed famous inventors often reported making key discoveries while their minds wandered in relaxed states.Daydreaming is appreciated as a valuable tool in other areas as well.Visualization, for instance, in which athletes essentially daydream their own top performances, is widely used by athletes before important contests.Despite its history, however, daydreaming is in poor reputation today.They are often seen by many as a waste of time.Yet many of us daydream, and productively, too.A lot of people say they have their best ideas at night, when they get up in the morning, or during a long taxi ride.Basically when people are in a semi-trance(半催眠)state, their mind is free to wander and come up with new ideas.You can also daydream successfully while exercising, walking or bathing.In fact, it's a good idea to occupy at least part of your mind with something else while letting your daydreams spin(旋转).A typical exercise of the daydreamer is to imagine he or she is in various settings such as a tropical beach or preparing to dive into a pool of water.The idea is to provide the daydreamer with an experience that will help his or her real-world performance.For example, if a salesman has been rejected 20 times and is afraid of cold-calling(向素不相识的人打电话或上门推销商品), he can use daydreaming to help himself relax, so that he will experience a call with less stress and become open to learning new skills.Writing down or otherwise recording a dream session is vital.One of the problems is that you have a great idea and it pops out of your head before you can record it.You also must carefully evaluate the real value of your ideas.At some point, you have to step back from the daydream and figure out what's reality.Daydreams aren't going to show you what's practical.That's not their job.Daydreams can even be dangerous if you fail to distinguish fantasy from reality.The risk is expecting too much and taking your daydreams too seriously.31.According to the author, Archimedes was the first man in history ________.1“>to appreciate daydreaming as a problem-solving tool 2”>to make a gold crown mixed with a cheaper metal 3“>to study the role of daydreaming in solving problems 4”>to solve a scientific problem while daydreaming 32.According to some scientists, many discoveries were made when the inventors ________.1“>worked at night 2”>dreamed a lot 3“>concentrated their attention on their work 4”>were in a relaxed state of mind 33.According to the passage, daydreaming is viewed by many today as ________.1“>dangerous to a driver's safety 2”>a waste of time 3“>an athlete's way to top performance 4”>valuable to success 34.To benefit from daydreaming, the most important thing is ________.1“>to take daydreams seriously 2”>to imagine oneself in various beautiful settings 3“>to be open to learning new techniques and skills 4”>to write down the ideas that pop up in your mind 35.Daydreams can be dangerous if __________.1“>you can't tell what is practical and what is not 2”>you step back and try to figure out what is reality 3“>you let them spin during a long drive 4”>you let them pop out of your mind Passage Three Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage: We live in an era when modern technology has relieved us of almost every task our grandparents once performed – from chopping wood to carrying water.Technology is not the only reason for this, however: attitudes to children and work have changed dramatically in the last hundred years, and to many children physical work is a wholly foreign idea.In many homes, parents simply do not expect their children to work, even to make their own beds, wash the dishes, or mow the lawn.A friend recently wrote to me: I'm not sure my generation ever really grew up.We don't know what it is to make sacrifices, to give unselfishly in ways that won't ever be recognized.Many of us are still seeking the perfect partner, the perfect car, or some other kind of elusive(难以捉摸的)happiness.While no one in his right mind could desire a return to the days of child labor, sometimes it seems that the pendulum(钟摆)has swung too far the other way, that we have forgotten the value of work as an important tool of education.Physical work will not harm children;in fact, it usually does wonders for them.When you give a child a chore to do, you develop his or her ability to follow instructions.In helping to see it through to completion, you help the child build initiative and perseverance.Afterwards, you can praise him or her and instill(灌输)pride in a job well done.Where I grew up, hard physical work was part of daily life.I used to complain about the never-ending work, but my parents had no pity: “Good, hard work makes a man,” they always said.On looking back, I am grateful for every chore I did.I see now how work taught me self-discipline and concentration and prepared me for the responsibilities of fatherhood.Learning to work hard means far more than learning to sweat: it means building character.Our children need to grow up loving work, not avoiding it.Let us teach them to find inspiration in the face of challenges and difficulties, not frustration.And let us instill in them the desire to carry out everything they do with joy.36．By saying “to many children physical work is a wholly foreign idea”, the author means ________.1“>physical work is often assigned to children 2”>many children do not like physical work at all 3“>physical work is too hard for many children 4”>many children are not familiar with physical work 37.What does the author's friend mean by saying “I'm not sure my generation ever really grew up”? 1“>The younger generation wants everything perfect.2”>The younger generation does not know what happiness is.3“>The younger generation grew up quite selfish.4”>The younger generation is idealistic about life.38.What does the author mean by saying “the pendulum has swung too far the other way”? 1“>Too many children today find physical work boring.2”>Physical work has gained importance as a tool of education.3“>Children do too little physical work nowadays.4”>Too little physical work is now needed in our daily lives.39.How did the author's parents react to his complaints about never-ending work? 1“>They disciplined him.2”>They showed sympathy for him.3“>They said it could not be helped.4”>They took no pity on him.40.What does the author think of children doing physical work? 1“>It helps children build up their character.2”>It is becoming unnecessary as technology develops.3“>It is too great a challenge for children growing up today.4”>It means nothing but sweat and brings back memories of child labor.第一批生产的空想家可能是阿基米德。在公元前三世纪,希腊科学家和发明家正在洗澡时,他突然抓住一个方法判断一个金冠和更便宜的金属。最近,西格蒙德·弗洛伊德写了大量有关心理的梦想的重要性,包括白日梦。科学家开始调查白日梦作为一项发明和解决问题的工具后约40年前他们注意到著名的发明家通常报道做出关键发现虽然他们的思想在放松状态。白日做梦是欣赏作为一个有价值的工具在其他领域。可视化,例如,运动员基本上遐想自己的表演,被广泛使用之前,运动员重要的比赛。然而,尽管其历史白日做梦是当今声誉不佳。他们通常被视为浪费时间。然而,许多人遐想,也有效。很多人说他们晚上最好的想法,早晨起床时,或在长时间乘坐出租车。基本上是当人们semi-trance(半催眠)状态,他们的思想是自由漫步,想出新点子。你也可以做白日梦成功运动时,走路或洗澡。事实上,它是一个好主意至少占据你的大脑的一部分与其他东西而让你的白日梦旋转(旋转)。空想家的典型运动想象他或她是在各种设置如热带海滩或准备跳进一个水池。这个想法是提供的空想家经验会帮助他或她的真实性能。例如,如果一个推销员已经拒绝了20倍,害怕不请自来的(向素不相识的人打电话或上门推销商品),他可以用白日梦来帮助自己放松,所以,他将经历一个电话更少的压力,成为学习新技能。写下或记录一个梦想会话是至关重要的。其中一个问题是,你有一个伟大的想法,你的头,你可以记录它。你也必须仔细评估你的想法的真正价值。在某种程度上,你必须退一步从白日梦和算出的现实。白日梦不会告诉你什么是实用。这不是他们的工作。白日梦甚至可以是危险的,如果你不能区分幻想与现实。风险是期待太多,认真对待你的白日梦。
31日。根据作者,阿基米德在历史上是第一个男人________。1”>欣赏白日梦作为一个解决问题的工具 2 “ >金冠和更便宜的金属 >研究白日梦在解决问题中的作用 4 ” >解决一个科学问题,做白日梦
32。一些科学家表示,许多发明家________时发现的。1 “ >晚上工作 2 >梦想很多 >集中注意力集中在他们的工作 4 ” >是一个放松的心态
33。根据短文,白日做梦是今天被很多________。1 “ >危险驾驶安全 2 ” >浪费时间 “ >一个运动员的最高性能的方法 4 ” >有价值的成功
34。受益于白日梦,最重要的是________。1 “ >认真对待白日梦 ” >想象自己在各种美丽的设置 3 >开放学习新技术和技能 4 “ >写下的想法出现在脑海中
35。如果__________白日梦可能是危险的。1 ” >你不能告诉什么是实用的,什么不是 2 “ >你退后一步,试图找出什么是现实 3 ” >你让他们自旋在长期开车 4 “ >你让他们从你的头脑
我们生活在一个时代,现代技术缓解我们几乎每个任务的执行我们的祖父母一次——从劈柴携带水。技术并不是唯一的原因,但是对孩子的态度和工作有了显著的变化在过去的几百年里,和许多孩子体力劳动是一个外商的主意。在许多家庭,父母不希望他们的孩子工作,甚至自己铺床、洗盘子,或者割草坪。一个朋友最近写信给我:我不确定我这一代真的长大了。我们不知道它是什么做出牺牲,给无私的方式不会被认出来。我们中的许多人仍在寻找完美的伴侣、实现完美的汽车,或其他类型的难以捉摸(难以捉摸的)幸福。虽然没有人就想要回到过去的童工,有时似乎摆(钟摆)摇摆得太远了,我们忘记了工作的价值教育的一个重要工具。物理工作不会伤害孩子;事实上,它通常是奇迹。当你给一个孩子一件苦差事,您开发遵循指示他或她的能力。在帮助将它完成,帮助孩子建立计划和毅力。之后,你可以赞美他或她和灌输(灌输)骄傲的工作做得很好。我长大的地方,重体力工作是日常生活的一部分。我曾经抱怨永无止境的工作,但是我的父母没有遗憾:“好,努力工作使人,”他们总是说。回首过去,我感激每一个苦差事。我现在看到的工作教会了我如何自律、浓度和准备我做父亲的责任。学习努力工作意味着远远超过学习汗:这意味着建筑性格。我们的孩子需要爱成长的工作,而不是避开它。让我们教他们面对挑战和困难的找到灵感,而不是沮丧。让我们灌输他们的欲望进行他们所做的一切快乐。
36.说“许多孩子体力劳动是外商的主意”,作者指的是________。1 ” >体力劳动通常是分配给孩子 2 “ >很多孩子不喜欢体力劳动 3 >体力劳动为许多孩子太硬 4 ” >很多孩子不熟悉体力劳动
37岁。作者的朋友是什么意思,说“我不确定我这一代真的长大了”? 1 “ >年轻一代希望一切完美。2 ” >年轻一代不知道什么是幸福。3 “ >年轻一代长大很自私。” >年轻一代对生活是理想主义的。38。作者是什么意思,说“钟摆转到另一个极端”? 1 “ >太多孩子今天在物理工作很无聊。” >体力劳动获得了教育的重要性作为一种工具。3“>孩子做体力劳动太少了。“ >太少现在需要体力劳动在我们的日常生活中。39岁。作者的父母怎么对他无休止的抱怨工作吗? 1 ” >他们处罚他。“ >他们显示同情他。3 >他们说它不能帮助。4 ” >他们不同情他。
40。作者认为孩子做什么体力劳动吗? 1 “ >它帮助孩子建立他们的个性。2 ” >它变得不必要的随着科技的发展。3 “ >它是太大的挑战今天对孩子成长。4 ” >这意味着除了汗水和带回童工的记忆。
101.如果我们将这些奇妙的主意付诸实施，我们就会在工作中取得给人以深刻印象的进步。
If we put these fantastic ideas to work, we will make impressive progress in our work.102．如果你作此让步，你不久就会为此付出代价。
If you make the concession, you'll soon have to pay for it.103．他视力不好，致使他没有能看到远处的小孩。His poor vision contributed to his failure to spot the child in the distance.104．我们正在设法想出解决这些紧迫问题的办法。
We are trying to figure out a solution to these urgent problems.105．政府正在采取这些措施，希望将飞涨的房价降下来。
The government is taking these measures in hopes of bringing down the soaring price of houses.
第二篇：大学英语精读第三册第一篇课文总结
Human can’t against the natural It has since the earth was born.the natural disaster was occurred.the drought and the flood and the earthquake and the volcanic eruption and so on.At the long ago.human and natural get together harmony.so the life become better and better.But at present.As the development of human.more and more natural resources was developed.and human don’t protect the natural.the natural began to revenge.the snowstorms drought.the big earthquake and the water was pollution and so on.when the earthquake was happened.human have no way to stop the earthquake.only chance to escape.when the drought was coming.human is also can’t let it down.they only saw the particles no change.when the flood was occurred.human saw the house was down by the water.but they can’t do anything.the natural power is very stronger.it very difficult to fight against.as the film(the day after tomorrow)when the big storm was coming.human only stay in the door make fire to against the big storm.The natural power is stronger.with human current ability can’t against the natural.so we must stay harmony with the natural.don’t against the natural rule.
第三篇：大学英语精读第三册Unit1-3课后翻译答案
1.发言人(spokesman)明确表示总统在任何情况下都不会取消这次旅行(under any circumstances).The spokesman made it clear that the President would not cancel the trip under any circumstances.2.我们相信他所说的,因为他受过良好的教育,出生于受人尊敬的家庭,更重要的是他为人可靠.We believe what he has said, because he is well-educated, comes from a respectable family, and what's more, he is realiable.3.随后发生的那些事件再次证明了我的猜疑(suspicions)是对的(confirm).The subsequent events confirmed my suspicions once again.4.在赛后举行的记者招待会上,这位足球教练(coach)因该队表现不佳(poor performance)而向球迷们致歉(apologize to sb.For sth.).At the press conference held after the game, the football coach apologized to the fans for his team's poor performance.5.令我们吃惊的是这位常被赞为十分正直的州长(governor)竟然是个贪官(corrupt official)(turn out to be)To our surprise, the governor who had often been praised for his honesty turned out to be a corrupt official
6.只有少数工作得到提升(be promoted),在这同时却有数百名工人被解雇(be dismissed).A few workers were promoted, but meanwhile hundreds of workers were dismissed.7.如果有机会,约翰也许已成为一位杰出的画家了(given).Given the chance, John might have become an outstanding painter.8.起初我以为是开玩笑,可后来我知道他是当真的.At first I thought he was joking, but then I realized he was serious.1.在医院的急诊室（emergency room）里常常听到痛苦的呻吟声。
Groans of pain can often be heard in a hospital emergency room.2.这位美国前国务卿（Secretary of State）已重新回到公众生活（public life）中来，担任了驻外大使（ambassador to a foreign country）
The former U.S.Secretary of State has returned to public life as a ambassador to a foreign country.3.兑现支票（cash a check）时大多数银行要求提供身份证明
Proof of identity is required for cashing a check at mose banks.4.这位通俗歌星（pop star）在舞台上的引起了全场观众（audience）起立鼓掌（presence）
The pop star’s presence on the stage brought the audience to its/their feet in applause.5.她惊异地发现许多人仍然不办保险（without insurance）就冒险旅行（risk doing）
She was amazed to learn that many people still risk traveling without insurance.6.请务必做到不让孩子们来探身窗外（see to it that,lean）
Will you see to it that no children should lean out of the windows.7.他在战争中被俘，不论敌人如何残酷的折磨（torture）他，他从不屈服（give in）
He was captured/taken prisoner in the war, but never gave in no matter how cruelly the enemy tortured him.8.亨利比德尔虽然伤热严重但贝蒂在医生的帮助下终于使他转危为安（bring through）
Henry Bedell was seriously wounded,but Bettie,with the help of the doctor,finally brought him through.1.许多美国大学生申请政府贷款交付学费.Many American students apply for government loans to pay for their education /tuition.2.除阅读材料外,使用电影和录像(videotapes)会激发学生的学习兴趣(stimulate).Besides reading materials,the use of films and videotapes can stimulate students' interest in a subject.3.这位律师试图说服陪审团(jury)他的当事人(client)是无辜的(convince sb.of).The attorney/lawyer tried to convince the jury of his client's innocence.4.自20世纪80年代初以来医学方面的科学家们一直在努力寻找治疗艾滋病(AIDS)的方法(work on finding..)Medical scientists have been working on/at finding a cure for AIDS since the early 1980s.5.我已经把我的简历(resume)寄往几家公司,但尚未收到回复(send off).I have sent off my resume to several corporations, but haven't yet received a reply.6.不少人希望有机会去国外学习,然而仅有少数人有此可能.Many people wish for an opportunity to study abroad;only a few, however, have this chance.7.我们满怀期望地来参加会议,离开时却大失所望.We came to the meeting full of expectations, yet we left very disappointed.8.尽管这位教授详细地讲解了这一点,但许多学生仍然不理解.Although the professor(had)explained this in great detail, many students still failed to understand.
第四篇：大学英语精读第三版第三册unit1-unit3课文翻译
unit 1 一个年轻人发现，漫无目的地在街上闲逛也会带来涉及法律问题的麻烦。一种误解导致另一种误解，直到最终他必须在法庭上接受审判。法律小冲突
我生平只有一次陷入与法律的冲突。被捕与被带上法庭的整个经过在当时是一种令人极不愉快的经历，但现在这却成为一个好故事的素材。尤其令我恼怒的是我被捕及随后在法庭上受审时的种种武断情形。
事情大约发生在十二年前的二月，那是我中学毕业已经几个月了，但要等到十月份才能上大学，所以当时我仍在家中。一天上午，我来到离我住地不远的、位于伦敦郊区的里士满。那是我正在找一份临时的工作，以便赚点钱去旅游。由于天气晴朗，又没什么急事，我便悠然自得得看着商店橱窗，逛逛公园，有时干脆停下来四处观望，一定是这种无所事事的样子使我倒了霉。
事情发生在十一点半左右，我在当地图书馆谋职未成，刚从那出发，就看到一个人从马路对面走过来，显然是想跟我说话。我原以为他要问我时间，想不到，他说他是警官，要逮捕我，开始我还以为这是个玩笑，但接着又来了身穿警服的警察，这下我无可置疑了。“为什么要抓我？”我问。“四处游荡，有作案嫌疑。”他说。“做什么案？”我又问。“偷东西。”他说。“偷什么？”我追问。“牛奶瓶。”他说，表情十分严肃。“哦。”我说。
事情后来是这样的，这一带经常发生小偷小摸案件，尤其是从门前台阶上偷走牛奶瓶。接着，我犯了个大错。那时我才十九岁，留着一头凌乱的长发，自认为是六十年代“青年反主流文化”的一员。因此，我想对此表现出一种冷漠，满不在乎的态度，于是用一种很随便无所谓的腔调说：“你们跟踪我多久了？”这样一来，在他们眼里，我是惯于此种情形的，这又使他们确信我是一个彻头彻尾的坏蛋。几分钟后，来了一辆警车。“坐到后面去，”他们说，“把手放在前排的座椅上，不许乱动。” 他俩分坐在我的左右，这下了不是闹着玩的了。
在警察局，他们审问了我好几个小时。我继续装作老于世故，对此事习以为常的样子。当他们问我一直在干什么时，我告诉他们在找工作。“啊哈！”这下我可看到他们在想，“无业游民”。
最后，我被正式指控，并得到通知下周一到里士满地方法院受审。他们这才让我走。
我本想在法庭上作自我辩护。但父亲一弄清事情的原委后，就为我请了一位很不错的律师。就在那个星期一，我们带着各种证人出庭了，其中包括我中学的英语老师作为我品行的见证人，但法庭并没有传话他作证。对我的“审判”也并没有进行到那一步，开庭才十五分钟，法官就驳回了此案，我被无罪释放。可怜的警察毫无胜诉的机会。我的律师甚至成功地使警察承担了诉讼费。
这样，我没有留下犯罪记录。但当时，最令人震惊的是我被无罪释放所明显依赖的证据。我有标准的口音，有受人尊敬的中产阶级的父母来到法庭，有可靠的证人，还有，很明显我请得起很好的律师。想到这次指控含混不清的特点，我敢断定，如果我出生在一个不同背景的家庭，并真失了业，则完全可能被判为有罪。当我的律师要求赔偿诉讼费时，他的辩词很明显地围绕着我“学习成绩优秀”这一事实。与此同时，在法庭外面，曾经逮捕我的警察中的一个正沮丧地像我母亲抱怨说，又有一个小伙子要与警察做对了。他以责备的口气对我说：“我们抓你的时候，你本来可以帮帮忙的。” 他这话是什么意思？也许是说我应该做出大发雷霆的样子，并说：“喂，你知道是在和谁说话吗？我是品学兼优的高材生。你们怎敢抓我？”那样的话，他们也许会向我道歉，可能还会脱帽致意，让我扬长而去。
Unit 2
获益匪浅的问题
詹姆斯·索利斯克描述了他是如何受他的孩子们能用新方法看待事物的影响而认清创造性思维的本质的。
不久前的一个晚上，在餐桌旁，我的三个孩子——年龄分别为9岁、6岁和4岁——停止了争抢食物，教我关于范式变换、线性思考的局限以及如何重新看待相关的各种因素的知识。
事情是这样的：当时我们在玩自己那套口头儿的“哪个不是同一类？”的芝麻街头游戏。玩这游戏时，孩子们要看三张画并挑出那张不属同一类的。我说：“来吧，哪个不是同一类，橘子，西红柿，还是草莓？”
老大很快就说出了自以为非常得意的答案：“西红柿，因为另外两种都是水果。”我承认这是正确答案，尽管有些纯粹主义者坚持认为西红柿是一种水果。对我们这些从小就不得不吃拌在色拉里的西红柿的人来说，西红柿永远是蔬菜。正当我准备再出别外一组三个东西时，我4岁的孩子说：“正确答案是草莓，因为别外两种都是圆的，草莓却不是。”我怎么能驳斥他的观点呢？
接着，我6岁的孩子说：“是橘子，因为别外两种都是红色的。”9岁的孩子不想让弟弟妹妹占上风，说道：“是橘子因为其他两种都长在藤上。”
毫无疑问，这里正发生着什么事儿。这事儿比争抢食物还乱，比西红柿是水果还是蔬菜还要重要。哥白尼把太阳视为宇宙中心，重新调整了地心说这一长达数世纪的范式，我的孩子们正做着哥白尼当年所做的事。鲁宾·马修斯把他的布朗克斯冰激凌改名为哈根达斯，在不变换产品的情况下提高了价格，我的孩子们正在做着鲁宾·马修斯所做过的事。爱德华·詹纳放弃了寻找治疗天花的特效药，从而发现了能预防这一疾病的疫苗，我的孩子们正做着爱德华·詹纳所做过的事。
他不去研究得了天花的患者，而是去研究接触天花却从未染上此病的人。他发现他们都患了一种类似天花但比较轻微的疾病：牛痘；这使得他们对致命的天花得以免疫。
他们在重新审视相关的各种因素。他们在重新界定他们的问题。他们在重新表述他们的问题。总之，他们正做着每位历史上做出过重大发现的科学家所做的事，依据托马斯·库恩在他的《科学革命的结构》一书中所说：他们在改变旧的范式。但倘若这是学校里练习册上的一个练习，那么没有把西红柿圈出来的孩子全都会被批为答错。凡没有把问题都解读为“哪个不是水果”的孩子都是错误的。也许这就说明的为什么世界上最杰出的科学家和发明家中有那么多的人读书时不及格，其中最显著的是职权尔伯特·爱因斯坦，他也许是本世纪最有影响的范式改变者。
这样说，并非是想对学校评头论足。天知道那有多容易。这样说，不过是想提醒大家信息的价值实在是有限的。我提出这一点，是因为我们的社会似乎发展到了这样一个阶段，人们都大声嚷嚷着要求得到更多的技术，要求即刻享用不断膨胀的信息。
学生们必须上网。你们家必须用数码与环球信息网联通。企业必须能即时下载大量资料。但是，除非我们改变范式、重新审视相关的各种因素，否则，信息高速公路就不会给我们带来什么结果。
无论是现在还是最近，我们都不缺乏信息。试想我们拥有的信息比四面年前的哥白尼多了多少。但他作出了足以震撼全球的（权作双关语）惊人之举，完全改变了人们对宇宙的看法。他作出此举不是靠发现更多的信息，而是靠用不同的眼光看大家都看到过的信息。爱德华·詹纳不是靠积累信息发明了预防药物，而是靠重新表述问题。
当我们开始驶入信息高速公路时，我们所需要的不是更多的信息，而是看等信息的新方法。我们应该像我的孩子所做的那样，去发现有不止一个的正确答案、有不止一个的正确问题、有不止一个的看大量信息的方法。我们需要记住：当你只有一把锤子时，你往往把每一个问题都看做钉子。
Unit 3
我为什么当老师
你为什么要教书呢？当我告诉一位朋友我不想谋求行政职务时，他便向我提出这一问题。所有美国人受的教育是长大成人后应该追求金钱和权力，而我却偏偏不选择明明是朝这个目标“迈进”的工作，他们对此感到迷惑不解。
当然，我之所以教书并不是因为我觉得教书轻松。我做过各种各样的工作借以谋生：机修工、木工、作家，教书可是其中最难的一行。对我来说，教书是个会令人熬红眼睛、掌心出汗、精神沮丧的职业。说熬红眼睛,这是因为我晚上不管备课到多晚,总觉得准备得还不充分。说掌心出汗，是因为我跨进教室之前总是非常紧张，自信学生一定会发觉我其实是个傻瓜笨蛋。说精神沮丧，这是因为我1小时后走出教室时，确信这堂课上得比平常还要平淡无味。
我之所以教书，也不是因为我认为自己能够解答问题，或者因为我有满腹学问，非与别人分享不可。有时我感到很吃惊，学生竟真的把我课上讲的东西做了笔记！
这样说来，我为什么还要教书呢？
我教书，是因为我喜爱校历的步调。6月、7月和8月提供了一个供思考、研究和创作的机会。
我教书，是因为教学是建立在“变化”这一基础上的职业。教材还是原来的教材，但我自身却变了——更重要的是，我的学生变了。
我教书，是因为我喜欢有让自己犯错误的自由，有自己吸取教训的自由，有激励自己和激励学生的自由。作为教师，我可以自行做主。如果我想要求一年级的学生通过自行编写课本的办法来学习写作，谁能说我不可以那样做呢？这样的课程也许会彻底失败，但我们都可以从失败的尝试中获得教益。
我教书，是因为我喜欢学生提出必须绞尽脑汁才能回答的问题。我们这个世界有无穷无尽的正确答案来对付拙劣的问题。何况我在教学过程有时也会想到一些出色的问题。
我教书，是因为我喜欢想方设法使自己和我的学生从象牙塔里走出来，进入现实世界。我曾经开过一门叫做“在工业技术社会里如何自力更生”的课程。我教的15位学生读了爱默生、梭罗和赫胥黎的作品，记了日记，还写了学期论文。
但除此之外，我们还办起一个公司，借钱买下一所破旧的房屋，通过整修翻新这一建筑物，我们就自力更生对这一课题进行了一次实践活动。学期结束时我们把房子卖掉，还清贷款，缴了税，余下的收益分给了参加实践的学生。
所以说，教学使我的工作进程有了规律，使我的生活变得丰富多彩，教学向我提出了挑战，也给了我不断学习的机会。
不过，我漏下了我要教书的最重要的几个原因。
其中一个原因与维基有关。维基是我的第一个博士生。她精力旺盛，孜孜不倦地撰写她那篇论述14世纪一位不知名诗人的学术论文。她写了一些文章寄给学术刊物。这一切都由她独立完成，我偶尔从旁略加指点。我亲眼看到了她完成论文，看到她得知自己的文章被采用，亲眼目睹她找到了工作并获得了在哈佛大学当研究员的职位，并著书论述她在做我学生时萌发的思想。
再一个原因与乔治有关。他开始学的是工程学，后来他深信自己爱人胜过爱物，所以改学英语。
还有珍妮。她中途辍学，但是她的同学把她拉了回来，因为他们想让她看自力更生整修旧房这一项目的结果。我亲眼看到她回来了。我亲耳听到她对我说，她后来对城市贫民产生了兴趣，继而成了捍卫分民权的律师。
还要谈一谈清洁女工杰基。她凭直觉了解的事情比我们多数人通过分析弄清的东西还要多。杰基已经决定读完中学，然后还要上大学。
这些在我眼前成长、变化的人，便是我要当教师的真正原因。当一名教师意味着做创造的见证人，他目睹人体开始呼吸，开始了生命。，不再教书，获得“提升”，也许会给我带来金钱和权力。可是我现在也有钱。我拿了薪金去做自己乐意做的事：读书、交谈、提问，妣如问：“做个富翁有什么意思呢？”
我现在也有了权力。我有权力启迪，有权激发才智，有权开出书目，有权指点迷津。还有其他什么权力比这更值得考虑呢？
但教书还会带来金钱和权力以外的东西：那就是爱。不仅是爱学习、爱书本、爱思想，而且还有老师对出类拔萃的学生的爱。这样的学生走进了老师的生活，他们自己也开始成长了。爱这个字也许用得不恰当：说是方魔力可能更合适些。
我教书，是因为与开始成长的学生朝夕相处，我有时感到自己也和他们一起开始成长了。
第五篇：大学英语精读第三册 Unit 5 The Day Mother Cried
A mother and her son learn more form a moment of defeat than they ever could from a victory.Her example of never giving up gives him courage for the rest of his life.UNIT 5 The Day Mother Cried
Coming home from school that dark winter's day so long ago, I was filled with anticipation.I had a new issue of my favorite sports magazine tucked under my arm, and the house to myself.Dad was at work, my sister was away, and Mother wouldn't be home from her new job for an hour.I bounded up the steps, burst into the living room and flipped on a light.I was shocked into stillness by what I saw.Mother, pulled into a tight ball with her face in her hands, sat at the far end of the couch.She was crying.I had never seen her cry.I approached cautiously and touched her shoulder.“Mother?” I said “What's happened?”
She took a long breath and managed a weak smile.“It's nothing, really.Nothing important.Just than I'm going to lose this new job.I can't type fast enough.”
“But you've only been there three days,” I said.“You'll catch on.” I was repeating a line she had spoken to me a hundred times when I was having trouble learning or doing something important to me.“No.” she said sadly.“I always said I could do anything I set my mind to, and I still think I can in most things.But I can't do this.”
I felt helpless and out of place.At age 16 I still assumed Mother could do anything.Some years before, when we sold our ranch and moved to town, Mother had decided to open a day nursery.She had had no training, but that didn't stand in her way.She sent away for correspondence courses in child care, did the lessons and in six months formally qualified herself for the task.It wasn't long before she had a full enrollment and a waiting list.I accepted all this as a perfectly normal instance of Mother's ability.But neither the nursery nor the motel my parents bought later had provided enough income to send my sister and me to college.In two years I would be ready for college.In three more my sister would want to go.Time was running out, and Mother was frantic for ways to save money.It was clear that Dad could do no more than he was doing already——farming 80 acres in addition to holding a fulltime job.A few months after we'd sold the motel, Mother arrived home with a use typewriter.It skipped between certain letters and the keyboard was soft.At dinner that night I pronounced the machine a “piece of junk.”
“That's all we can afford,” mother said.“It's good enough to learn on.” And from that day on, as soon as the table was cleared and the dishes were done, Mother would disappear into her sewing room to practice.The slow tap, tap, tap went on some nights until midnight.It was nearly Christmas when I heard Mother got a job at the radio station.I was not the least bit surprised, or impressed.But she was ecstatic.Monday, after her first day at work, I could see that the excitement was gone.Mother looked tired and drawn.I responded by ignoring her.Tuesday, Dad made dinner and cleaned the kitchen.Mother stayed in her sewing room, practicing.“Is Mother all right?” I asked Dad.“She's having a little trouble with her typing,” he said.“She needs to practice.I think she'd appreciate it if we all helped out a bit more.”
“I already do a lot,” I said, immediately on guard.“I know you do,” Dad said evenly.“And you may have to do more.You might just remember
that she is working primarily so you can go to college.”
I honestly didn't care.I wished she would just forget the whole thing.My shock and embarrassment at finding Mother in tears on Wednesday was a perfect index of how little I understood the pressures on her.Sitting beside her on the couch, I began very slowly to understand.“I guess we al have to fail sometime,” Mother said quietly.I could sense her pain and the tension of holding back the strong emotions that were interrupted by my arrival.Suddenly, something inside me turned.I reached out and put my arms around her.She broke then.She put her face against my shoulder and sobbed.I help her close and didn't try to talk.I knew I was doing what I should, what I could, and that it was enough.In that moment, feeling Mother's back racked with emotion, I understood for the first time her vulnerability.She was still my mother, but she was something more: a person like me, capable of fear and hurt and failure.I could feel her pain as she must have felt mine on a thousand occasions when I had sought comfort in her arms.A week later Mother took a job selling dry goods at half the salary the radio station had offered.“It's a job I can do,” she said simply.But the evening practice sessions on the old green typewriter continued.I had a very different feeling now when I passed her door at night and heard her tapping away.I knew there was something more going on in there than a woman learning to type.When I left for college two years later, Mother had an office job with better pay and more responsibility.I have to believe that in some strange way she learned as much from her moment of defeat as I did, because several years later, when I had finished school and proudly accepted a job as a newspaper reporter, she had already been a journalist with our hometown paper for six months.The old green typewriter sits in my office now, unrepaired.It is a memento, but what it recalls for me is not quite what if recalled for Mother.When I'm having trouble with a story and think about giving up or when I start to feel sorry for myself and think things should be easier for me, I roll a piece of paper into that cranky old machine and type, word by painful word, just the way mother did.What I remember then is not her failure, but her courage, the courage to go ahead.It's the best memento anyone ever gave me.
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