第一篇：高三英语阅读专题语义理解题教案
湖南省长沙县实验中学 高三英语阅读专题：语义理解题教案
这类考题包括对生词生义的推测、熟词生义的推测。提问的方式主要有：
1．What does the underlined word “...” in the first paragraph mean? 2．Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the underlined word? 3．The underlined word “...” most probably means ________.4．The underlined word “...” could best be replaced by________.5．According to the passage，the underlined word “...” is the closest in meaning to “________”． 解题技巧：
1.构词法猜词(阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词。掌握构词法对猜测词义很有帮助。如：unforeseeable.这个词，可以根据构词法把它拆成un, fore, see , able；其中 see 是词根，fore是“先，前，预”的含义，un是否定，able是“能……的，可……的”，因此unforeseeable是“未能预见到的”意思。)例题1：（2008年全国高考—重庆卷D篇）
…
The reasons for a visit to a lighthouse are not all so backward-looking in time.It is true that lighthouses were built in out-of-the-way places.But on a pleasant sunny summer day, this very isolation has a natural beauty that many people will love to experience.…
68.The underlined phrase “out-of-the-way” in Paragraph 4 means ____________.A.far-away B.dangerous C.ancient D.secret 例题2：（2004年全国高考—重庆卷D篇）
…
Baker concludes that people do not have the ability to sense when they’re being stared at.If people doubt the outcome of his two experiments, said Baker, “I suggest they repeat the experiments and see for themselves.”
70.The underlined word “outcome” in the last paragraph most probably means.A.value B.result C.performance D.connection 2．利用同义近义词猜词(在生词所出现的上下文中，有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，这时可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的含义。统称在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，这些词语或短语在句中作相同的成分，并且and或or连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，甚至推出它的大致词义。)例题1：Animals have different living habits.Some like to look for food at daytime and sleep at night, but some like to sleep at daytime and prowl at night.“Prowl” refer to 例题2：(2003全国卷C篇)…Fermat’s Last Theorem（定理）, first put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Fermat in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientists who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique.…
65.Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word “baffle” as it is used in the text? A.To encourage people to raise questions.B.To cause difficulty in understanding.C.To provide a person with an explanation.D.To limit people’s imagination.3．利用反义词猜词(对比是描述，说明事物的常用方式。在对比中，对比的事物是互为相反的，因此根据反义或对比关系可从已知推出未知。利用反义词来说明生词的意义，如反义词hot and cold, perfect and imperfect，甚至前、后句为肯定与否定或是与不是等，在句内词与词之间，在段内句与句之间的关系上起着互为线索的作用。)例题1：Unlike her gregarious sister, Jane is shy, unsociable person who does not like to go to parties or to make new friends.“gregarious” means。例题2：In many nations there are two financial extremes(极端), from penury to great wealth.“penury”means 例题3：(2002全国高考卷E篇)A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle;it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anaclerio, an Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months.…
74.What does the underlined word “hassle” probably mean? A.A party designed by specialists.B.A plan requiring careful thought.C.A situation causing difficulty or trouble.D.A demand made by guests.4．利用上下文语境猜词(任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，这也是近年来高考考查的热点。)例题1：（2008年全国高考—湖南卷B篇）
…Charlotte’s tale was inspired by the girls’ coin collection.“We’ve collected foreign coins for years – since our families went on holiday to Tenerife.” she explains.“That was before the Euro, so we put pesetas in.…
60.The underlined word ”pesetas“ in Paragraph 2 is a kind of _____.A.story B.collection C.inspiration D.foreign coin 例题2：（2008年全国高考—江西卷D篇）
…The plants are about one meter apart.The plant is often pruned so that it remains only 60 to 90 centimeters high.Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots, or young leaves.It is from these shoots that the best tea is got.68．In the first paragraph ,the word “pruning” means.A．regular cutting of the plants B．frequent watering C．regular use of chemicals D．growing the plants high in the mountain 例题3：（2008年全国高考—上海卷B篇）
…
“But,” said Kim, “I feel that since you are my superior, it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do.”
…
70.The word “presumptuous” in the middle of the passage is closest in meaning to “_____”.A.full of respect B.too confident and rude C.lacking in experience D.too shy and quiet 例题4：（2008年全国高考—山东卷A篇）
…
“No crime whatsoever?” comments Mahoney today.“ I just don’t buy it.” Nor should he: in 1999 the U.S.Department of education had reports of nearly 400,000 serious crimes on or around our campuses.…
58.The underlined word “buy” in the third paragraph means _______ A.mind B.admit C.believe D.expect
5．利用定义和解释猜词(有些文章，特别是科技文章，通常会对一些关键词给予定义，我们可以利用定义来猜测这些词的意思。释义法就是根据文章中的字里行间，对生词以定语（从句）、表语甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明的方式。)例题1：Wrestling is the game which is played by two strong people;one player tried to get the other down on the floor.“wrestling” means 例题2：Scientists grow large quantities of common mould so that they can get penicillin from it in order to make antibiotics, that is, substances that kill germs.“antibiotic” means 例题3：(2002年全国高考卷B篇)“Organic produce is always better, ” Gold said.“The food is free of pesticides(农药), and you are generally supporting family farms instead of large farms.And more often than not it is locally(本地)grown and seasonal, so it is more tasty.” Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend, and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business.62.What is the meaning of “the organic trend” as the words are used in the text? A.Growing interest in organic food.B.Better quality of organic food.C.Rising market for organic food.D.Higher prices of organic food.6．利用例证，复述或同等关系猜词(为了说明或证实，文章中经常会举例，往往用来列举说明前面较难理解的词，这些例子可帮助我们猜测生词。举例时，常常会用一些连接性的词，如：such as, like, for example, for instance等。
为了强调某个观点或把某事叙述得更明白，作者有时运用不同语句来复述同一概念，这时可以利用这些重复和表达形式的变化来猜测词义。虽然复述不如定义那样严谨、详细，但是提供的信息足以使阅读者猜出生词词义。复述部分可以适当词、短语或是从句。
同等关系是指一个词、一个词组或短语在句中作同一成分，而且他们的词义属于同一范畴。只要我们认出其中一个或几个词或短语，即可以确定同等关系中生词的词性，作用和大概的意思。)例题1：I have found Lucy is quite generous, for example, whenever she meets a beggar, she gives some coins to him.“Generous” means 例题2：You can take any of the periodicals：The World Of English, Foreign Language Teaching In School, or English Learning.“periodicals” refers to 例题3：（2008年全国高考—江苏卷E篇）
William Shakespeare said, “The web of our life is of a mingled yarn(纱线), good and ill together.’’ 74.The underlined word ”mingled“ in the last paragraph most probably means________.A.simple B.mixed C.sad D.happy 例题4：Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently.“semantics” means。
7．根据语义转折猜词(有时文章的作者为了增强表达效果，会用一些含有表示意思转折的连词，副词或短语。如：though, although, still, but, yet, instead, instead of, however, while, on the contrary, on the other hand, unlike, rather than, for one thing, for another等，我们可以根据转折意思猜测词义。)例题1（2008年全国高考—广东卷B篇）
…Unlike vitamin C, leadership skills can’t be easily swallowed down.They must be carefully cultivated.Different from popular belief, most good leaders are made, not born.They learn their skills in their everyday lives.But which do they develop? How do they(and how can you)get others to follow? …
60.The underlined word ”cultivated“(paragraph 1)roughly means _______.A.encouraged B.compared C.examined D.developed 例题2：（2008年全国高考—北京卷D篇）
…
However obvious these facts may appear at first glance, they are actually not so obvious as they seem except when we take special pains to think about the subject.…
71.In Paragraph 3, “take special pains” probably means “_____”.A.try very hard B.take our time C.are very unhappy D.feel especially painful
8．利用经验和常识猜词
例题1：Young Hoover died.Over a thousand people attended his funeral.“funeral” means.例题2：All the houses in the city collapsed during the strong earthquake.“collapsed” means。例题3：（2004年全国高考—北京卷C篇）
…
“I was on the way to a personal-injury accident in West Nashville.As I got onto Highway 40, blue lights and sirens(警笛)going, I fell in behind a gold Pontiac Firebird that suddenly seemed to take off quickly down the highway.The driver somehow panicked at the sight of me.He was going more than a hundred miles an hour and began passing cars on the shoulder.”
63.The meaning of “panicked” in Paragraph 2 is related to ___________.A.shame B.hate C.anger D.fear 4 课后巩固练习
(2010年·浙江卷)I looked across at the others：shelves of similar cameras placed along the wall，offering a wide range of slightly different prices and discounts，with each company selling a range of models based around the same basic box.With so many models to choose from，it seemed that I would have to spend hours weighing X against Y，always trying to take Z and possibly H into account at the same time.But when I had finished，I would still have only the same two certainties that I had entered the store with：first，soon after I carried my new camera out of the shop，it would be worth half what I paid for it；and second，my wonderful camera would very quickly be replaced by a new model.58．What does the writer mean by “it would be worth half what I paid for it ”(paragraph 2)?
A．He should get a 50% discount.B．The price of the camera was unreasonably high.C．The quality of the camera was not good.D．The camera would soon fall in value.(2010年·湖北卷)Both sides want peace，but neither feels it has any power to stop the conflict.In part，this is because neither is willing to admit any responsibility for starting it.From the parents ’ point of view，the only cause of their fight is their adolescents’ complete unreasonableness.And of course，the teens see it in exactly the same way，except oppositely.Both feel trapped.56．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 mean? A．The teens blame their parents for starting the conflict.B．The teens agree with their parents on the cause of the conflict.C．The teens accuse their parents of misleading them.D．The teens tend to have a full understanding of their parents.(2010年·四川卷)Every writer starts off knowing that he has something to say, but being unable to find the right ways to say it.He has to find his own voice by reading widely and discovering which parts of the writers he agrees or disagrees with, or agrees with so strongly that it reshapes his own world.42．The underlined word “voice” in the second paragraph most probably means “________”．
A．an idea B．a sound quality C．a way of writing D．a world to write about
(2010年·北京卷)When she was evaluated at the end of the year, she was told to take a training course because of her inability to speak up.That’s why slight differences in conversational style—tiny little things like microseconds of pause—can have a great effect on one’s life.The result in this case was a judgment of psychological problems—even in the mind of the woman herself，who really wondered what was wrong with her and registered for assertiveness training.67．The underlined word “assertiveness” in the last paragraph probably means 5 ________.A．being willing to speak one’s mind B．being able to increase one’s power C．being ready to make one’s own judgment
D.being quick to express one’s ideas confidently
(2010年·广东卷)When something goes wrong，it can be very satisfying to say，“Well，it’s soandso’s fault.”or “I know I’m late，but it’s not my fault；the car broke down.”It is probably not your fault，but once you form the habit of blaming somebody or something else for a bad situation，you are a loser.You have no power and could do nothing that helps change the situation.However，you can have great power over what happens to you if you stop focusing on whom to blame and start focusing on how to remedy the situation.This is the winner’s key to success.47．The underlined word remedy in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ________.A．avoid B．accept C．improve D．consider
(2010年·北京卷)There are pressing calls on the resources(资源)of the government.Using taxpayers’ money to help a small number of people to earn high incomes in the future is not one of them.68．The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refers to ________.A．taxpayers B．pressing calls C．college graduates D．government resources
(2010年·湖南卷)The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of expressive faces...It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than Westerners did.“The cultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection of cultural difference in facial expressions，” Jack said.“Our data suggest that whereas Westerners use the whole face to convey emotion, Easterners use the eyes more and mouth less.” 68．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 6 refer to?
A．The participants in the study.B．The researchers of the study.C．The errors made during the study.D.The data collected from the study.语义理解题答案及解析： 1．构词法猜词
例题1：（2008年全国高考—重庆卷D篇）
68.The underlined phrase “out-of-the-way” in Paragraph 4 means ____________.A.far-away B.dangerous C.ancient D.secret 分析：选A。由合成词out-of-the-way的原意以及下句中的isolation一词，可知灯塔在一个“孤零零”的地方。
例题2：（2004年全国高考—重庆卷D篇）70.The underlined word “outcome” in the last paragraph most probably means.A.value B.result C.performance D.connection 分析：选B。运用“构词法”进行猜测。动词词组come out 的意义为“露出、出现、显露出”。再根据句子的语境，可猜测出其意义是：(实验的)结果。2．利用同义近义词猜词
例题1：分析：通过这些并列句可以看出prowl与look for food 是同义近义词，词义也应该是“寻找食物”。
例题2：(2003全国卷C篇)65.Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word “baffle” as it is used in the text? A.To encourage people to raise questions.B.To cause difficulty in understanding.C.To provide a person with an explanation.D.To limit people’s imagination.答案与解析： 由句中不难看出Fermat的定理使得最具数学头脑的科学家绞尽脑汁（beat），并且在句中beaten和baffled处于同等的并列关系，根据这一信息可以推出baffle表示“使困惑、难倒、难以理解”的意思。3．利用反义词猜词
例题1：分析：此句是把Jane与她姐妹对比。Jane生性腼腆，不爱交际，而她姐姐却与之相反，那就是“爱交际的”了，这也就猜出gregarious的词义了。
例题2：分析：penury: the state of being very poor;poverty(贫穷;贫困)例题3：(2002全国高考卷E篇)74.What does the underlined word “hassle” probably mean? A.A party designed by specialists.B.A plan requiring careful thought.C.A situation causing difficulty or trouble.D.A demand made by guests.答案与解析：根据前句的否定doesn’t与后句的肯定can be这一对比关系，可以判断出，为了庆祝孩子的生日，又不至于麻烦，可以买一个生日开心包。Hassle的意思应该与fun相反，而与difficulty, trouble相近。答案为C。4．利用上下文语境猜词
例题1：（2008年全国高考—湖南卷B篇）
…60.The underlined word ”pesetas“ in Paragraph 2 is a kind of _____.A.story B.collection C.inspiration D.foreign coin 答案与解析：选D。由原文中的Euro(欧元，欧洲统一货币)可推知该词是一种在欧元发行前使用的钱币。
例题2：（2008年全国高考—江西卷D篇）
68．In the first paragraph ,the word “pruning” means.A．regular cutting of the plants B．frequent watering
C．regular use of chemicals D．growing the plants high in the mountain 答案与解析：选A。由此段中的 ① The plant is often pruned so that it remains only 60 to 90 centimeters high.②Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots, or young leaves.便可猜出Pruning的词义为“剪枝．修剪”。例题3：（2008年全国高考—上海卷B篇）
70.The word “presumptuous” in the middle of the passage is closest in meaning to “_____”.A.full of respect B.too confident and rude C.lacking in experience D.too shy and quiet 答案与解析：选B。有时可以通过因果关系的语境来判断，因果关系的语境，通常由 because, so, therefore, so/such…that…等连词来体现。本文中，在Kim看来．因为对方（Williams）是自己的上司，告诉上司去做什么，会显得不礼貌(rude)、自负（too confident）。
例题4：（2008年全国高考—山东卷A篇）
58.The underlined word “buy” in the third paragraph means _______ A.mind B.admit C.believe D.expect 答案与解析：选C。buy原意为“买，购买”，在此处根据语境可知意为“相信”。从本段第一句话可知，Mahoney持怀疑态度。后面列举的。400,000这个数字也表示出他的不相信。
特别提醒：在做英语阅读理解题时，一定要注意熟词生义！这类猜词题也常见于各年高考题当中。熟词生义比生词本身的障碍要大得多。原因有三：其一，高考对生词的数量有数量的规定，不得超过3％；其二，熟词生义很容易引起考生的误解；其三，熟词生义的数量没有限制。如果这种现象在一篇文章中出现得多，那就更难理解了。5．利用定义和解释猜词
例题1：分析：通过后面的定义解释：Wrestling 是“两人进行的，彼此尽力把对方弄倒在地的比赛”，可以猜出wrestling是“摔跤；摔角”。例题2：分析：antibiotic: a medical substance, such as penicillin produced by living things and able to stop the growth of, or destroy, harmful bacteria that have entered the body(抗生素;抗生菌)例题3：(2002年全国高考卷B篇)62.What is the meaning of “the organic trend” as the words are used in the text? A.Growing interest in organic food.B.Better quality of organic food.C.Rising market for organic food.D.Higher prices of organic food.答案与解析：由Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying something可以推断出，越来越多的顾客像Gold一样开始购买有机食物，其实也就是对这类食物产生了越来越浓厚的兴趣。答案为A。6．利用例证，复述或同等关系猜词
例题1：分析：通过例句“每次遇到乞丐，她都会给一些硬币”可以猜测出“Generous”的词义应该是“慷慨的”。
例题2： 分析：通过后面的举例：《英语世界》，《中小学外语教学》，《英语学习》，说明periodicals为“期刊杂志”。
例题3：（2008年全国高考—江苏卷E篇）74.The underlined word ”mingled“ in the last paragraph most probably means________.A.simple B.mixed C.sad D.happy 答案与解析：选B。由“a mingled yarn”后文的“good and ill together”重复说明可以
知道mingled含义和mixed（混合的）最接近。
例题4： 分析：此例逗号中短语意为“对词意义进行研究的学科”。该短语与前面生词semantics是同位关系，因此我们不难猜出semantics指“语义学”。
在复述中构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号，冒号，分 号，引号，和括号等。7．根据语义转折猜词 例题1（2008年全国高考—广东卷B篇）
60.The underlined word ”cultivated"(paragraph 1)roughly means _______.A.encouraged B.compared C.examined D.developed 答案与解析：选D。从上句的对比可知，领导能力不是“swallowed down”，而是慢慢培养的。从第二段第一句“Different from popular belief, most good leaders are made, not born.They learn their skills in their everyday lives.But which do they develop?”也可以得到启发。
例题2：（2008年全国高考—北京卷D篇）
71.In Paragraph 3, “take special pains” probably means “_____”.A.try very hard B.take our time C.are very unhappy D.feel especially painful 答案与解析：选A。由However从句当中的at first glance（乍一眼看上去），与下文中的take special pains进行对比，既然不是一眼就看出那么简单，那么自然要费力去想了。由此可以推断出A项为最佳选项。8．利用经验和常识猜词
例题1：分析：通过“年轻的Hoover去世了”，根据我们的常识猜测出一千多人参加的应该是他的“葬礼”。例题2：分析：凭经验我们知道：强烈地震会使房子倒塌。据此很容易猜出collapsed是“倒塌”的意思了。
例题3：（2004年全国高考—北京卷C篇）
63.The meaning of “panicked” in Paragraph 2 is related to ___________.A.shame B.hate C.anger D.fear 答案与解析：根据本段内容描述，可以知道panicked 意思是“惊慌”，相当于fear。最后提醒考生，掌握了一定的生词推测技巧后，也不要去“死抠”个别词，除了人名、地名等一些专有名词不必去细究每一处，那些一时难以断定其意思却又不妨碍理解或答题的生词，大可不必理会。
当然，做完题之后，可以查阅字典，一方面可以检测自己的推断是否正确，另外，可把一些单词、短语记在专门的本子上，以后经常积累并复习这些词汇（注：最好连同文章中的句子一起摘抄下来）。这样对今后的阅读将会有一定的帮助。因为考试没有很多时间去推测大量的单词，平时一定要尽可能地去积累并熟背大量的单词、短语，经典句子甚至文章。
课后巩固练习
(2010年·浙江卷)58．What does the writer mean by “it would be worth half what I paid for it ”(paragraph 2)?
A．He should get a 50% discount.B．The price of the camera was unreasonably high.C．The quality of the camera was not good.D．The camera would soon fall in value.D 解析 第二段开头，作者分析了在卖场，自己将会被各种照相机的种类弄的不知如何选择。但是“But when I had finished, I would still have only the same two certainties that I had entered the store with”，最终我还是必须选择一款，但是无论选择哪一款都会有两个必定的结果：(1)会立刻贬值。(2)会很快有新的产品。所以选择D。(2010年·湖北卷)56．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 mean? A．The teens blame their parents for starting the conflict.B．The teens agree with their parents on the cause of the conflict.C．The teens accuse their parents of misleading them.D．The teens tend to have a full understanding of their parents.A 解析 “In part, this is because neither is willing to admit any responsibility for starting it.From the parents’ point of view, the only cause of their fight is their adolescents’ complete unreasonableness.”和 “except oppositely”暗示了答案。
(2010年·四川卷)42．The underlined word “voice” in the second paragraph most probably means “________”．
A．an idea B．a sound quality C．a way of writing D．a world to write about C 解析 根据文中 “...but being unable to find the right ways to say it.He has to find his own...”可以推断出voice所表达的意思是“写作方式”。(2010年·北京卷)67．The underlined word “assertiveness” in the last paragraph probably means ________.A．being willing to speak one’s mind B．being able to increase one’s power C．being ready to make one’s own judgment D.being quick to express one’s ideas confidently D 解析 此题的难点在于A选项的干扰作用。第三段说那位妇女不健谈(实际是说话时停顿的时间过长)而被告知去参加培训，由此可知她参加的是能够让她自信的表达自我的培训而不是说她不愿意表达。此处用反义对比方法。(2010年·广东卷)47．The underlined word remedy in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ________.A．avoid B．accept C．improve D．consider C 解析 remedy与上文的change应是同义词。(2010年·北京卷)68．The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refers to ________.A．taxpayers B．pressing calls C．college graduates D．government resources 解析 往前推断，them应该指代pressing calls这一复数名词。(2010年·湖南卷)68．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 6 refer to? A．The participants in the study.B．The researchers of the study.C．The errors made during the study.D.The data collected from the study.解析 根据定语从句 “that they show”修饰先行词eye movements，这些活动在研究中应该为the participants所做所展现，由上文的the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people”可判断选A。
第二篇：高考英语阅读理解题顶级精品教案
高考英语阅读理解题技巧
一、进行快速阅读的必要条件
进行英语快速阅读的必要条件是：基本知识、语言基础、阅读技能、快速阅读不是一种孤立的能力，它必须以了解一
定的基本知识为先决条件，以具备一定的词汇和基本语法为基础，还要掌握一些重要的阅读技能。如果没有语言基础，阅读材料通篇都是生词，语法难点很多，即使掌握了一些快速阅读的技能，要快也快不了。反之，如果只有语言基础知识，而没有阅读技能，要想读得快，读得多，也是不可能的。但是，如果对材料的内容缺乏基本常识，即使语言基础好，并具备阅读技能，也不可能“快读”，只能“慢读”。
基本知识主要是指的是所涉及英语的专业知识，没有一定的专业知识，要想把内容理解透是有相当大的难度的。
语言基础知识主要指词汇量和句型结构。要有一定的词汇量。这包括两部分，一是公共部分，二是专业部分。我认为公共英语部分至少要达到4，000个单词量，而专业部分最好要有1，500个词汇量。要有一定的句型分析能力。英语文章最大的语法难点是句型，句型中的难点是定语从句。一个句子很长，往往是由于定语从句连环套在作怪，定语中套着定语。这样的连环从句表达专业概念非常严谨，却给我们阅读带来困难。因此，我们要能够进行层次分析，准确把握各从句之间的关系，才能提高阅读速度。同时，要了解词性的变化，名词的动用和动词的名用。至于时态等其它的语法现象对我们具备一定语法知识的参试人员来说，基本上构不成多大障碍。
二、快速阅读的重要性
所谓的阅读能力主要是指精读和泛读能力。然而，英语阅读中，速度是人们最普遍关心的问题之一。在实际工作和生活中，百分之八十至百分之九十的阅读一般都是快速阅读、通过快速阅读，我们可以更广泛、更大量地阅读资料，猎取知识，增长见识，开阔眼界。通过大量阅读，频繁地接触语言材料，可以自觉或不自觉地学到或掌握大量的词汇和语汇，进一步熟练阅读技术，提高阅读能力，培养阅读兴趣和习惯。
三、快速阅读的速度与理解的关系
现在许多参试人员平时学习中对英语快速阅读的认识不足，他们无论看什么英文材料，都只注重理解而不注意阅读速度，因而阅读的效率、水平都难以提高。这样一来，处理好阅 1 读速度和理解之间的平衡关系是我们值得认真对待的一个实际问题。速度太快，理解上往往出现很大的困难；速度太慢，又浪费很多的时间和精力。
在处理这两者之间的关系中，我认为要分为三个阶段。第一个阶段是筛选阶段。在我们阅读文章的过程中，首先筛选出对我们有利用价值的。每分钟的阅读速度可达800个字符，重点放在文章的标题和每段的第一句和最后一句上，基本上可对文章的中心、作者的意图有个20-30%的了解。在此基础上，进入第二阶段，也就是快速阅读阶段。就是说对我们已筛选出的信息作进一步的遴选，每分钟的阅读速度可保持在500个左右字符，达到70%的理解，再从中挑选出对我们有重要参考价值的内容来，然后进入第三阶段，也就是精研阶段。这一阶段，要达到90%以上的理解，力求准确把握作者的观点，融会贯通，根据其利用价值进行取舍。本文主要讨论第二阶段，限于篇幅，对其它两个阶段不作过多陈述，但也可参照本文的观点。
在提高阅读速度的初期，理解的降低是正常的，不必大惊小怪，只要继续以此速度读下去，就会发现理解会渐渐回升上来，达到原来速度时的理解水平。这里有一点必须注意，在理解水平还没有恢复到正常水平（至少要达到70%的理解）时，不要继续加快阅读速度。这二者的平衡在快速阅读的过程中是很重要的，不能过多的注意其中一项。我们应该明白，一分钟读400字符且达到了70%的理解比一分钟读200字符而达到90%的理解率效率高得多。理解了这一点，我们在阅读的过程中，就可以减少一些不必的担心，从而更好地提高自己的快速阅读的能力。
四、阅读过程中的障碍
1.阅读行为习惯的影响
在阅读过程中，我们要有意识地克服行为上某些不良的阅读习惯。
（1）出声读。因为眼睛的移动速度比舌头动作快。出声读不但影响速度，而且会分散一部分精力去注意自己的发音。
（2）逐字读。许多常见词，如功能词，不需停顿单独理解。
（3）默读。虽然没有大声读出来，但在脑中一字字读，也会影响速度，分散精力。
（4）指读。以手指挨个指着读，有碍理解和速度。除非手指飞速移动，引导眼睛快看。
（5）回读。眼睛回向移动，寻找先前读过的信息，而不是继续读下去以获取完整的概念。
2.阅读中心理因素的影响
阅读时，除了克服不良的阅读习惯外，还要注意克服一些影响阅读和理解程度的不良心理因素：
（1）期望值过高
希望一次阅读就掌握所读材料。这种急于求成的心理状态，不仅影响阅读时的心境，也使得视觉器官和大脑都不能集中于阅读过程本身，阅读的效果自然不好。
（2）过度重视阅读方法和技巧
由于阅读过程中过多思考阅读的方法、技巧等因素，而忽视了阅读材料及阅读本身的过程。从某种程度上讲，这会使我们注意力分散，阅读的兴趣自然大大减弱。
（3）思想开小差
对文字视而不见，翻了许多页，但脑子里仍一片空白。这样就降低了我们的注意力，影响了正常思维。
五、快速阅读的方法
面对繁杂的英语，要提高效率，就要有一定的方法。我认为唯有以泛读为基础，进行快速阅读的培养，才是一个行之有效的好方法。具体说来，要发现对自己有利用价值的信息，需要掌握如下方法：
1.推测（prediction）
阅读正文前，就标题（如果有标题的话）来合理推测资料的大概内容，也可在读了二、三段之后预测下段内容。这对快速理解和整体把握文章内容以及推测出生词的词义范围有积极的意义。因为英语单词一词多义现象太普遍了，一个单词在不同的专业领域往往含有不同的意思，甚至有的单词在同一专业领域在其意义的具体把握上也有细微的差别。
2.关键词句（key•word•andtopic•sentences）
在对文章的整体内容有了基本认识的基础上，我们学会抓主要的词句，找出段落中的主题句，从而正确领会文章的主要内容，并注意到是否对自己有利用价值。
3.略读或浏览或跳读（Skimming）
Skim有掠过的意思，又有从牛奶等液体上撇去的意思，转意为“快速掠过，从中提取最容易取得的精华”。用于阅读，或译为略读，或译为泛读，似乎都未把其细微的意思译出。而这种读法却包含有原词的所有意思——快速读过去，取出读物中关键性的东西。因此，我们可以把这种读法理解为快速浏览课文，领会文章大意。一般而言，通过标题可知道文章的主题。对文章的首段和末段要多加注意，以便发现作者的观点。
4.查阅（Scanning）
Scaning的意思是扫读或查阅，是快读或速读的一种。Scan就是通常所说的“扫描”。其特点是快，但又要全部扫及。Scan这个词的词义似乎矛盾，它既可以理解为“仔细地审视”，也可以理解为“粗略地浏览”。这种情况倒成了扫读的绝好证明。从形式上看，扫读是粗粗地一扫而过，一目十行，但从读者的注意方面来看，却又是高度的集中，在快速阅读中仔细挑出重要的信息。因此，查阅可以理解为迅速找出文章中的有关事实细节或某一具体信息；有时要找出某一个单词或词组，如人名、地名、日期、价格等；有时要找出文中所述的某一特殊事件，而这一事件可能是由一个词或短语交代的。若不具备一定的能力，这样的细节恐不易发现。
5.速度变换（Readingrate）
我们要意识到阅读的速度是不均匀的。也就是说，即使同一个人阅读同一份材料，但由于阅读是一种有相当心理负荷的脑力劳动，因此在开始、中途和结束时的速度不可能一样。读物的体裁和难度不一样，阅读的速度也不同。我们不要过分焦虑自己的阅读速度，以免造成不必要的心理压力。随着速度的提高，理解的程度都有所降低，所以我们应认识到阅读文章时的速度是可以调节的，只有合适的速度才可能获得快速准确的阅读效率。
6.阅读习惯（ReadingHabit）
从主观上要能克服注意力容易分散即所谓“思想开小差”的毛病，高度集中自己的注意力；从客观上克服各种无意中形成或由来以久的坏习惯，如摇头晃脑，抖动双腿，玩弄纸笔，念念有词等。这些“小动作”，也会分散注意力、影响思考，降低阅读速度。
六、怎样培养快速阅读的技巧
读外文书籍要做到“一目十行”。
1.视幅要宽
意思是每一眼看的词要尽量的多。我们阅读表面是用眼睛看，实际是用脑子读，眼睛只是起了照相机镜头的作用。努力使自己的眼睛变成“广角镜”，把尽可能多的词能一眼“尽收眼底”。
2.视时要短
意思是第一眼和第二眼之间停顿的间隙要尽量短。我们阅读时，若视幅相同，谁的停顿时间短，谁就能读得快。
3.意群要长
即在每个视幅中不是让你把很多的单词都收进脑子，而是要善于从中摄取有意义的词组，这个有意义的词组就是意群。极慢的读者是一个字一个字地读，视幅就很窄，句子中间 的停顿就多，而频繁的停顿必然妨碍正常的理解。快速阅读者是半句或一句句地读。视幅大大加宽，停顿的间隙少而短，获取的都是有意义的词组，因而理解全句或全段就能做到水到渠成。
4.利用上下文猜生词
充分利用上下文给出的线索，有些生词的意思是可以猜出来的。下面介绍一些基本方法：
（1）利用定义的线索
在生词出现的上文或下文，有时能找到对它所下的定义或解释，由此可判断其定义。
（2）利用同义的线索
一个生词出现的上下文中有时会出现与之同义或近义的词，它往往揭示或解释了生词的词义。
（3）利用反义的线索
在某一生词的前面或后面有时会出现它的反义词或常用来对比的词语，由它可以推测生词词义。
（4）利用常识猜测词义
有时一句话中尽管有生词，但我们可以利用已有的知识去判断生词的意思。
（5）利用等式或符号猜测生词
一段话后面有时会给出一些等式或符号，如前面的话中有生词，由后面的等式或符号可疑猜出生词的词义。
总之，利用多种方法猜测生词词义，有助于提高阅读速度和学习兴趣，是英语学习者应当掌握的好方法。
七、结束语
英语快速阅读的培养不可能一天就学会和掌握，必须有一个循序渐进的过程。本文的出发点在于平时学习过程中的培养和训练，才能在考试过程中发挥得淋漓尽致，达到满意的效果。因此，在日常学习中，要有意识地按照精英特快速阅读的要求进行大量的训练，制定出计划和严格的要求，一步一个脚印地进行。只要持之以恒，必然会见效。
第三篇：英语阅读理解题专项练习
佰瑞恩个性化辅导教案
教师：孙小娟 学生：彭思澳 日常练习题
初中阅读理解题专练 一．
Clay is 13 years old, and he lives in Miami, the United States.On the morning of Feb.23, when Clay is waiting for school bus, a man kidnaps（绑架）him.The man takes him to a tree.He puts a stock in Clay’s mouth.Then he asks for money from Clay’s family.Clay is very scared（害怕）.But he remembers there is a safety pin（安全别针）in his pocket.He takes out the pin and cuts through the rope（绳子）.Finally he gets free.Clay calls his mother with a farmer’s cell phone.Soon the police comes and Clay is safe.The police thinks highly of（高度评价）Clay.“This man kidnaps the wrong boy,” Charly Wells, a policeman says.“This boy notices things.And he’s very brave（勇敢）.” 1.The man kidnaps Clay ___.A.on Clay’s way home B.on Clay’s way to school C.when Clay is shopping D.in a park 2.After taking Clay to a tree, the man ___.A.kills（杀死）the boy B.hurts the boy C.asks for money from his family D.calls the police 3.Clay uses___ to help him run away.A.a rope B.a safety pin C.a gun D.a knife 4.We can tell from the story that Clay is ___.A.brave B.smart C.both A and B D.hard-working 5.Why does the police say “This man kidnaps the wrong boy” Because Clay is _____ A.a foreign boy B.brave C.too young D.a policeman’s son 二．
There is an old tiger in the forest.He doesn’t want to look for food now.He often asks other animals to get him something to eat.One day, he sees a monkey and says, “I am hungry, monkey.Go to the village and get me something to eat.” “ I can’t do that now, tiger,” the monkey says, “There is another tiger over there.He will not let me get anything for you to eat.I am afraid of him.” “What?” cries the old tiger.“Take me to that tiger.I will talk to him.” The monkey and the tiger get to the bridge over the river.“Now look down at the water.” Says the monkey.“Do you see the tiger?” “Yes, I do,” cries the old tiger.“I will eat him.” With these words, the tiger jumps into the river.()1 An old tiger lives ____.A.in the zoo B.in the garden C.in the forest D.on the farm()2 How many tigers and monkeys are there in the story? A.Two tigers and two monkeys.B.Two tigers and one monkey.C.One tiger and two monkeys.D.One tiger and one monkey.佰瑞恩个性化辅导教案
()3 Why does the tiger ask the other animals to get him food?Because____.A.they are afraid of him B.only they can look for some food C.they are his friends D.they like to do so()4 The monkey ____.A.goes to get something to eat B.gets to the bridge with the tiger C.knows there is another tiger D.tells the tiger to jump into the water()5 Which of the following is right? A.The tiger is very clever.B.The monkey eats the tiger.C.The tiger eats another tiger.D.The tiger jumps into the water.三、吉姆正在和莎莉聊天。请根据聊天内容判断所给句子的对（T）错（F）Jim: How many days are there in a week? Sally: Why, seven, of course.Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, and Saturday? Jim: Well, Sally, can you speak out(说出)the five days of a week and not say Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday and Saturday? Sally: Let me see.I’m sorry I can’t.Can you? Jim: Of course I can.They are today, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, yesterday, the day before yesterday.()6 There are seven days in a week.()7 Sally can speak out five days of the week and not say Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday and Saturday.()8 Jim thinks there are five days in a week.()9 It’s Saturday today, so tomorrow is Sunday.()10 Tomorrow is the day before today.四。
Most people who work in the office have a boss(老板).So do I(我也是).But my boss is a little unusual.What's unusual about him? It's a big dog.Many men have dogs, but few men bring their dogs to the office every day.My boss's dog.Robinson, is big and brown.My boss brings him to work every day.He takes the dog to meetings and he takes the dog to lunch.When there is telephone call for my boss, I always know if he is in the office.I only look under his desk.If I see something brown and hairy(毛绒绒的)under it, I know my boss is somewhere in the office.If there is no dog , I know my boss is out.（）6.People _________bring dogs to the office.A.usually B.often C.seldom(几乎不)D.sometimes（）7.My boss is Robinson's ________.A.boss B.master C.classmate D.teacher
佰瑞恩个性化辅导教案
（）8.Robinson goes to meetings _________ my boss.A.for B.without C.instead of(代替)D.with
（）9.Robinson is always under the desk if the boss is _________.A.in the office B.at meetings C.out of the office D.out of work（）10.The passage tells us the boss _________ the dog very much.A.looks like B.hates(恨)C.likes D.trust(信任)
五、请根据聊天内容判断所给句子的对（T）错（F）
Can You Tell Me? A father asks him son “How many letters are there in the Alphabet(字母表)?”“I don't know,”says his son.His father says, “You don't know? You are in school for many years and you don't know how many letters are there in the Alphabet?”He is very angry(生气).His son says, “No.But let me ask you a question(问题), Dad.You often go to the post office(邮局), please tell me how many letters are there in the post office?”
()1.From the story, we know the son is good at(擅长)English.()2.The son studies at school over(超过)one year.()3.The father gets angry because his son is not polite(有礼貌)to him.()4.The father knows how many letters there are in the post office.()5.There are twenty-six letters in the Alphabet.六、请根据聊天内容判断所给句子的对（T）错（F）Too Polite(礼貌过头了)There are many people in the bus.Some have seats, but some have to(不得不)stand.At a bus stop, a woman gets on the bus.An old man hears the door and tries(试着)to stand up.“Oh, no, thank you,” the woman forces(强迫)him back to the seat.“Please don't do that.I can stand.”
“But, madam(夫人), let me„,”says the man.“I ask you to keep your seat(坐在你的座位上)，” the woman says.She puts(放)her hands on the old man's shoulder(肩膀).But the man still(仍然)tries to stand up,“Madam, will you please let me„?”“Oh, no,”says the woman.She again(又)forces the man back.At last(最后)the old man shouts(大声喊), “I wants to get off(下车)the bus!”
()1.All the people have seats in the bus.()2.An old man gets on the bus at a bus stop.()3.The old man wants to give his seat to he woman.()4.The woman sits the old man's seat.佰瑞恩个性化辅导教案
()5.The old man wants to get off the bus.七、根据短文内容，判断以下句子的正误。对的在括号内填“ T ”, 错的填“ F ”。Jim is an English boy.He comes to China with his father and mother.They come here to work.Jim comes here to study.He is in No.5 Middle School.He gets up early every day.He isn’t late for school.He studies hard.He can read and write English well.He often helps us with our English, and we often help him with his Chinese.After class he likes playing football, swimming, running, jumping and riding.He makes many friends here.We are glad to stay with him.On Sunday he often helps his mother clean the house, mend something or do the shopping.He likes Chinese food very much.He likes living here.He likes Chinese students very much.We all like him , too.()1.He gets up late every day.()2.He often teaches us English.()3.After class , he likes singing and playing basketball.()4.On Sunday he often helps his mother clean the house.()5.He doesn’t like Chinese food.八、根据短文内容回答句子正(T)误(F)In the summer time,when there are many flowers,a beehive(蜂窝)is a very busy place.Bees fly from flower to flower.Flowers have a juice called nectar(花蜜).Bees take the nectar that they like and make it into honey(蜂蜜).When a bee finds some good nectar,it hurries home.It wants to tell the other bees where the nectar comes from.And it does!It tells how far to go.The bees go bake together for more nectar.Every bee in the beehive is busy.That is why we say that someone who works hard is “as busy as bee”
()1.Bees can make honey.()2.The whole passage is about how bees fly.()3.A bee's dance only tells other bees where to go.()4.In the summer time bees are very busy.()5.We say someone who works in summer is“as busy as bee”
佰瑞恩个性化辅导教案
九、A Ten-Year-Old Teacher A teacher can be any age.Just like Chrissie McKenney, she was only ten when she started teaching.How did Chrissie get the job? It was not easy.Chrissie wanted to help children who cannot hear.But the school had never had such a young helper.Could Chrissie do it? First,Chrissie learned to sign.Signing is a way of talking with your hands.Soon it was easy for Chrissie to talk to the children.So the school let her help.Now Chrissie visits the school almost every day.The children love their young teacher.She is tired friend.()1.Chrissie wanted to help children who cannot ____.A.hear B.see C.play()2.This passage tells about a ________.A.special class B.young teacher C.sill person()3.In the third paragraph of the passage,what does the word“learned” mean? It means “_____”.A.forgot B.found C.stopped()4.The school let Chrissie help because she ______.A.was too old B.could sign C.could not hear()5.You can guess from the passage that most teachers_______.A.are older than Chrissie B.do not like C.are just like
第四篇：英语阅读理解题答题口诀
外教一对一
http://www.xiexiebang.com
英语阅读理解题答题口诀
阅读理解题量多，分值大，是高考的重要部分。想要得高分，一定要做好“ 猜词义、巧推理”
一、猜词义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中常用的题型，这不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的阅读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词、语法、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、上下文等线索确定词义。
1.定义法
如：Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly.句子给予annealing 以明确的定义，即“退火”。
It will be very hard but also very brittle — that is, it will break easily.从后面的解释中我们可以了解到brittle是“脆”的意思。
The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.定语从句中looks after sheep 就表明了herdsman 的词义为“牧人”。
2.对比法
如：She is usually prompt, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.but一词表转折，因此but 前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是“她今天第一节课都上了一半才来”，因此反向推理，可得出她平时一向“准时
”的结论。
3.因果法
如：The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken.Sometimes the weakness was permanent.So the player could never play
the sport again.从后面的结果“永远不能再运动”中，可以推测 permanent 的意思为“永远的，永久的”。
二、巧推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。这就是通常所说的深层理解。深层理解主要包括归纳概括题(中心思想、归纳标题等)和推理判断题。深层理解是一种创造性的思维活动，既要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，立足已知推断未知，不能凭空想象，随意揣测，又要读者对文字的表面
文章来源：www.xiexiebang.com 外教一对一有：infer, imply,suggest, indicate等。如：
http://www.xiexiebang.com
信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。只有吃透文章的字面意思，推理才有前提和基础。推理题在提问中常用的词
Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly.If metal is heated and then cooled very quickly, for example, by dipping(浸)it in water, it will be very hard but also very brittle — that is, it will break easily.Metal that has been annealed is soft but does not break as easily.It is possible to make metal as hard or as soft as it is wished by annealing it.The metal is heated and allowed to cool slowly for a certain length of time.The longer the heated metal takes to cool slowly, the softer it becomes.Annealing can also be used on other material, such as
glass.1.Why do people put hot metal in water?
A.To make it hard.B.To make it soft.C.To make it cool.D.To make it brittle.2.In annealing, the required hardness of metal depends on ______.A.the quantity of water used
B.the temperature of the metal
C.the softness of the metal
D.the timing of the operation
3.As suggested by the passage, how can glass be made less brittle?
A.It can be heated and then cooled quickly.B.It can be cooled and then heated slowly.C.It can be heated and then cooled slowly.D.It can be cooled and then heated quickly.1.A。推断归纳题。文中第二句说如果把金属加热，然后迅速放到水里冷却，也就会变得非常硬，但也变得脆。hard 是工艺的主观目的。
文章来源：www.xiexiebang.com 外教一对一
brittle是伴随的客观结果，故选A而不选D。
http://www.xiexiebang.com
2.D。概括归纳题。timing 是时间的选择。本题的依据是The metal is heated...length of time.The longer...the softer it
becomes.冷却的时间是可以控制的，时间越长, 金属的硬度就越低。由此我们可得出结论：在退火过程中，金属的硬度是受到冷却的时间长短
影响的。
3.C。推理判断题。最后一句说退火工艺同样可用于像玻璃一类的其他材料。文中我们已知annealing就是先加热后慢慢冷却。由此推断C是正确的。
除此以外，考生还要养成良好的阅读习惯。
1.养成默读习惯，使注意力集中在文字符号上，纠正唇读、心读、喉读等做法，以免分散精力，影响阅读速度。
2.克服指读、回视、重读等不良习惯，因为这样容易使理解只停留在某个词或句子上，使获得的信息支离破碎。要善于抓住句子中的核心词，从一个句子快速地扫视到另一个句子，进行连贯性理解。如：
“Would you like to do some shopping together with me? If you are free, please ring me back to tell me about it.”
这个句子，只要扫视划线的核心词，其语义就基本上清楚了。
英语阅读能力的培养是一个渐进的复杂过程，要养成每天阅读英语的习惯，循序渐进、持之以恒、精泛结合、广泛猎奇。
文章来源：www.xiexiebang.com
第五篇：阅读理解题
血的故事 林海音
南腔北调的夏夜乘凉会，一直聊到月上中天，还没有散去的意思。
大家被彭先生的故事迷住了。
彭先生是张医师的朋友。张医师最近常鼓励大家去验血型。大家都没有动过大手术，对于血的一切不够亲切。
今晚又谈到了血型。这位彭先生说，作为现代的国民，血型不可不验，而且它或许还有意想不到的妙用呢!
这时，钱太太开腔了：“干脆说罢，我就怕验出是AB型的!”
钱太太所以这么说，实在也怪张医师，他曾说AB型是不祥之兆。
“我丈母娘就是AB型的。”这时，彭先生忽然冒出来这么一句话。钱太太“咯”地笑了：“还管丈母娘的血型呢!”
张医师紧接着说：“提到彭先生的丈母娘，你们别笑，这里还有段恋爱悲喜剧呢!倒是可以请彭先生讲给你们听。”
“谈起来，是五年前的事了，”彭先生躺在藤椅上，仰着头，喷着烟，微笑着，他倒真是在做甜蜜的回忆呢!“那时秀鸾在秘书室做打字员，天天从我办公桌的窗前经过。”
“你就拿眼盯着看!”有人插嘴。
“不错，我盯着她那会说话的眼睛，淘气的鼻子，甜蜜的小嘴儿„„”
“结果认识了没有?”
“我们当然有机会认识啦!日子一久，我们就坠入情网了，互订终身。热带的小姐，实在另有她们可爱之处。”
“台湾小姐?”到这时大家才知道是位台湾小姐。
“糟糕的就在秀鸾是台湾小姐。”彭先生接着说。
“我知道，一定是聘金的问题。”有人说。
彭先生悠然地吸着烟，摇摇头：“是我那位老丈人的问题!”
“我那老丈人真是铁打的心肠，任凭秀鸾怎么哀求，就是不许她嫁给我。”
“他认准了‘外省郎’没好的。秀鸾跟她爸说，如果不答应，她宁可去死。老头子也说，你要嫁给那小子，我只当你死了。结果，秀鸾还是投进了我的怀抱。”
“但是关于你丈母娘的AB型呢?”这时钱太太又想起了这件事。
大家笑起来了，彭先生接着讲：
“我是很乐观的，我总以为我们结婚以后，一定会把我们翁婿之间的关系慢慢调整过来。可是一年下来，我的愿望始终就没实现，有时看着秀鸾挺着大肚子进去，就让我风里雨里站在门口，我真想冲进去。可是我心疼秀鸾，到底还是忍住了。”
“真惨!”林太太不胜唏嘘。
“倒是我那丈母娘会偷偷出来塞给我点心什么的。”
“有一天我独个儿上了老丈人家的门儿喽!”
“好大胆子!”有位先生插嘴。
“你以为我上门找打架哪，我是报告秀鸾入院待产的消息去了。大胖儿子生下了，算是又见了一代，可是我们的情形并未见好转，老丈人在他女儿面前连半个字都没问过我。”
“迭格【注】老泰山凶得来!”
“硬是要不得!”
“有一天，”这段回忆大概很有趣，彭先生自己也未语先笑了，“秀鸾匆匆忙忙回来了，慌慌张张地说：‘爸爸病了！’‘什么病呀？’‘肠子！肠子要剪断！快走。！唉！我那铁石心肠的老丈人呀！也有一天柔肠寸断了！”
大家听到这里哄然大笑。林太太说：“彭先生，你解恨了，是不是？”
“不敢！”彭先生虽然这么说，可是仍然可以看出他的轻松。“秀鸾说爸爸需要输血，但秀鸾是A型，小舅子是B型，丈母娘是AB型……”
“他们都不能给病人输血，买血要五百块钱100CC，共需300CC一千五，秀鸾母女在着急。我对秀鸾说：‘这样说来，你爸爸是O血型的喽？’秀鸾点点头。我说：‘你何必着急呢！现成的大血人在这儿哪！我也是O型的呀！’
“第二天，我那干巴巴的老丈人，一把拉住我的手，‘你金家伙！你金家伙，’……” “你金家伙？是日本话，还是骂人的话？”
“‘你金家伙’，台湾话‘你真正好’也！我们爷儿俩的手紧紧地握着，两股热血交流，一切嫌隙都被血般的事实给溶化了！”彭先生说到这里，向张医师挤了一下眼，微笑着，“所以，我要奉劝诸位，血型不可不验，它实在有意想不到的妙用！”
故事讲完了，大家觉得非常有趣，林先生首先说：“血型不可不验，明天就去验。张医师，先给我挂个号。”
“对！对！血型不可不验。”大家同声地说。
（有删改）【注】迭格：吴方言，意为“这个”。
(1)下列对小说有关内容的分析和概括，最恰当的两项是(5分)A．张医师紧接过彭先生的话，让彭先生讲述自己的恋爱悲喜剧，因为他事先知道彭先生的爱情故事很是生动曲折。
B.台湾姑娘秀鸾与彭先生相爱，却遭到了她父亲的反对。为了捍卫爱情，她不惜牺牲亲情，以至于以死抗争。
C“铁石心肠”的老丈人有一天“柔肠寸断”，这是他改变对女婿态度的起因，而这一情节设计是作者的匠心所在。
D．这篇小说借助人物之间的对话，讲述了一个与血型有些关系的婚恋故事；巧妙地传达了作品的内在意蕴。
E．这篇小说的内容是关于南腔北调的外省人在台湾的爱情故事。小说带有浓郁的台湾风情，文笔诙谐而又细腻。
(2)小说一开始就写乘凉会上“南腔北调”，这样写有什么作用?请简要分析。(6分)3）“外省郎”彭先生有哪些性格特点？请简要分析。（6分）
（4）小说的题目是“血的故事”，但主要内容是围绕血型而展开的，如果以“血型的故事”为题，你认为是否合适？请谈谈你的观点和具体理由。（8分）
面包
沃尔夫冈·博歇尔特
她突然醒来。两点半。她寻思，为什么会突然醒了。哦，原来是这样！厨房里有人碰了一下椅子。她仔细地听着厨房里的声音。寂静无声。太安静了，她用手摸了一下身边的床，发现是空的。这就是为什么如此特别安静的原因了——没有他的呼吸声。她起床，摸索着经过漆黑的房间来到厨房。在厨房两人相遇了。表针指着两点半。她看到橱柜边上有个白的东西。她打开灯。两人各穿衬衣相对而立。深夜。两点半。在厨房里。
在厨房餐桌上是一个盛面包的盘子。她知道，他切过了面包。小刀还放在盘子旁边。桌布上留下了面包屑。每晚他们就寝时，她总把桌布弄干净的。每天晚上如此。然而现在桌布上有面包屑，而且小刀还在那里。她感到地上的凉气慢慢地传到她身上。她转过头来不再看盘子了。
①“我还以为这里出什么事了。”他说，并环视一下厨房四周。
“我也听到了什么。”她回答，这时她发现，他夜晚穿着衬衣看起来这是老了。跟他年龄一样老了，六十三岁。白天他看起来还年轻些。他看起来已经老了，他在想，穿着衬衣的她看起来相当老了。不过也许是头发的原因。夜里女人显老总是表现在头发上。头发使人一下变老了。
“你应该穿上鞋子的。这样光着脚在冷地上你会着凉的。”
她没有注视他，因为她不愿意忍受他在撒谎。他们结婚三十九年之后他现在撒谎了。②“我原以为这里有什么事。”他又说了一遍，又推动了自制，把视线从一个角落移到另一个角落。
“我也听到了什么。于是我想，这里出了什么事了。” “我也听见了。不过，大概什么事也没有。” 她从桌上拿起盘子，并用手指弹去桌布上的面包屑。“没有。大概没什么事。”听到他不安地在说。她赶紧帮他说：“过来，大概是外面有什么事。” “走，睡觉去。站在冷地上你会着凉的。”
他向窗户望去。“是的，一定是外面出了点什么事。我还以为是在这里。”
她把手伸向电灯开关。我必须现在就关灯，否则我必定还会去瞧盘子的，她想。我不能再去瞧那个盘子。“过来，”她说，同时把灯关灭。“这大概是外面有什么事，刮风时檐槽常常碰墙壁。这肯定是檐槽之故。刮风时它总是哗哗乱响。”
两个摸着走过黑黢黢的过道来到卧室。两双光脚在地板上拍击作响。
“是有风，”他说，“已经刮了一整夜了。”当她睡在床上时，她说“是的，刮了一夜的风。刚才大概就是檐槽在响。”
“是呀，我刚才还以为是在厨房里。大概就是檐槽吧。”他说着话，仿佛已沉入半睡中。她注意到，当他撒谎时，声音多假。
“真冷，”她说，并轻声地打着哈欠。“我可钻被窝了，晚安。” “晚安。”他回答，又说了一句，“是呀，可真冷啊。”
随后就是寂静无声。许多分钟后她听到，他在小心、轻声咀嚼。她故意深沉又均匀地呼吸，使他不致发觉，她尚未入睡。然而他的咀嚼节奏均匀，倒使她慢慢进入了梦乡了。
当他第二天晚上回家时，她分给他四片面包；平时他只有三片。
“你可以慢慢吃，吃四片。”她说着离开了餐桌。“我吃这面包消化不了。你多吃一片吧。我消化不好。”
她注意到，③他把头深深埋在盘子上。他没有摔跟头。就在此刻她对他非常同情。“你可不能只吃两片面包。”他对着盘子在说。“够了。晚上我吃面包消化不好。你多吃吧，吃吧！” 过了一会儿，她才又坐在桌旁的灯下。
（选自《外国短篇小说百年精华》，包智星译）
[注]①活尔夫冈·博歇尔特：西德废墟文学的先驱和重要代表作家。小说《面包》写的是一战后人们在饥荒处境中的生活。
16.请概括小说的主要情节。（4分）
17.文中的画线部分分别现了丈夫怎样的心理？(5分)18.小说的主题是什么？请结合全文分析。（6分）
严冬海猎 陈秉汗
①风静了，天空像硕大无朋的冰块银晃晃闪着寒光。沿海的海面弥漫着乳白色的雾气。海肚天脚一片胭红。怕冷的夕阳像喝醉了酒，醉醺醺地没入暮霭中。这是霜冻的征兆。几十年未遇的寒流袭来，往日闹市般的海湾冷冷清清。
“海龙——”海滩那边传来渺远的呼唤声。
“哎——”礁石上赤条条地爬上一个十四五岁的少年。他迅速穿上一件赤褐色的渔民衣服。衣服又宽又长，过了膝盖，袖口也卷了几卷，分明是他爸爸穿过的。
一年四季，海龙喜欢在这里洗澡、潜水，即使这样的鬼天气也不例外。现在正是尖头鱼最肥最值钱的季节，海龙的爸爸有一种祖传捕鱼绝招，越是天寒地冻效果越好；深夜走到沙滩，仰头喝下一瓶酒，脱下衣服，跳进海里。尖头鱼便迎着热气游过来……可是爸爸出海妈妈就心跳。所以爸爸不让海龙学这种原始的捕鱼法。但海龙觉得有趣，几次要跟着下海，被爸爸骂回来。最近爸爸连续几个晚上下海捕鱼，风寒侵入肌体，生起病来，家里仅有的一点钱在药煲里化作一缕缕轻烟。欠下一屁股债。年关在即，爸爸躺在床上发愁。
听到妈妈的喊声，海龙跳下礁石，赤着脚板，沿着沙滩走回来。
一家人正围着低矮的桌子吃晚饭。爸爸舀了一碗粥汤，弓着腰，埋头就着番薯连皮带根艰难地咀嚼吞咽，不时停下来咳嗽。有时咳嗽得喘不过气来，妹妹便给他捶捶腰背。
海风穿过破屋石缝，像吹箫一样呜呜响。爸爸头也不抬地说：“阿龙，天气这么冷，你
别去耍海水了，弄出病来怎么办！”
“浸浸海水少生病，邻居老叔说的。”海龙抓了一个番薯端着碗到屋外吃，看看海边的天色变化。
天黑下来，爸爸咳嗽着躺下，妈妈和妹妹也上床睡觉了。海龙装作睡着的样子，爸爸的咳嗽声和呻吟声渐渐静了，才蹑手蹑角溜下床，溜到门外。
大海一片漆黑。墨兰的苍穹缀满星星，洒下淡淡的星光。海滩像一片蒙蒙轻雾。海龙全副武装，用尖担挑着鱼篓、干柴困，快步向海滩走去。她那稚嫩的脸蛋此刻十分凝重暗淡，和夜色融成一体。他不会喝酒，掏出两个还有些烫手的番薯，拍掉草木灰。连皮吞进肚里。他把尖担插在湖水线上，爬上礁屿，解开柴困，划了几根火柴。柴枝熊熊燃烧起来，照的海面红光闪烁。他脱下衣服，迅速留下海里。深夜是海水不同白天，像冰一样。海龙感受到裂肌贬骨的寒冷。他没有反悔，没有退缩——爸爸忍受得了，自己为什么忍受不了。他咬咬牙，挥动双臂，捞水擦擦身体。敏感的尖头鱼已经感受到一团热气，它们笨拙地迎着热气游过来。海龙激动得心怦怦跳，忘记了寒冷，牙齿叼着鱼篓，双手左右开弓，左一条右一条，像捞漂浮在水里的萝卜，一一把它们丢进篓里。
海潮不断上涨。海龙随海水不断上浮，到插尖担的地方，鱼篓满了。要是爸爸便立即上岸小跑回家，钻进孩子们用体温焐热的被窝……不！此刻礁屿附近的尖头鱼还很多，他太舍不得离开了。可是鱼篓满了，没地方放呀！他爬上礁石，添了柴火，拿过裤子，用石头把裤带砸成两段，一段把裤角扎牢，把娄里的鱼倒进去，再用另一段扎了口，海龙带着鱼篓又一次溜下海里，身子接触到密密麻麻的尖头鱼，他激动的热血沸腾，忘记了寒冷，忘记了饥饿，忘记了困乏，抓鱼的动作越来越快……他干狂了，干傻了，恨不得把海里的尖头鱼都抓进自己的鱼篓里。
后半夜，爸爸醒来发现海龙不见了，赶紧和妈妈向海滩寻来，一脚深一脚浅，跌跌撞撞呼唤着儿子的名字。妈妈一个踉跄，脚下好像绊着什么，软绵绵的，只见海龙光着屁股，倒在地上，旁边的胆子一头是鱼篓一头是用裤子改装的袋子，都盛满银晃晃的尖头鱼。妈妈搀扶着海龙，爸爸挑起担子，一步一步走回家里。
海龙清醒过来，喝下一碗热水，钻进妈妈妹妹的暖被窝。冰冷的身子接触到妹妹，妹妹惊醒了，“哇”的一声大哭起来。妈妈说：“哥哥捡回来好多好多的鱼哩。”妹妹揉揉惺忪睡眼，见地上许多尖头鱼，不禁破涕为笑。刺骨的寒风发出尖厉的哨音，穿过小屋的石缝溜走了，②黎明前的大海静了，静的像守着摇篮的母亲……
（选自《2004年广东散文精选》，有删改）
16.阅读文中两处划线部分的景物描写，请分别说明作者的描写意图。（4分）17.文中海龙的父亲是一个什么样的人物形象？（4分）
18.海龙捕鱼时经受了考验，使他坚持下去的原因有哪些？（3分）请结合全文分析其中的两个原因。（4分）
点击咨询 