北京大学版博士生综合英语词汇教案unit6

第一篇：北京大学版博士生综合英语词汇教案unit6

Unit Six Death and Justice

New Words and Expressions:

1.clemency: n [U](fml 文)1 mildness(esp of weather)温和（尤指天气）.2 mercy(esp when punishing sb)仁慈（尤指惩罚某人时）: He appealed to the judge for clemency.他乞求法官开恩.2.aggravate: v [Tn] 1 make(a disease, a situation, an offence, etc)worse or more serious 使（疾病, 情况, 罪过等）恶化, 更坏, 加重, 加剧: He aggravated his condition by leaving hospital too soon.他因过早出院而使病情恶化.2(infml 口)irritate(sb);annoy 激怒;惹恼: He aggravates her just by looking at her.他只是看著她就把她惹恼了.3.mutilate: v [Tn] injure, damage or disfigure(sb/sth)by breaking, tearing or cutting off a necessary part（折断、撕去、割掉某部分）使（某人[某事物]）损伤, 残缺, 外形损毁: The invaders cut off their prisoners' arms and legs and threw their mutilated bodies into the ditch.侵略者把俘虏的四肢砍掉, 然後把残缺不全的躯体扔进沟里.* A madman mutilated the painting by cutting holes in it.有个疯子破坏了那幅画, 在上面捅了许多窟窿.*(fig 比喻)The editor mutilated my text by removing whole paragraphs from it.那编辑把我的文稿整段整段删掉, 弄得面目全非.4.reverence: n 1 [U] ~(for sb/sth)feeling of deep respect or(esp religious)veneration尊敬;（尤指宗教的）崇敬: He removed his hat as a sign of reverence.他脱下帽子表示敬意.* He felt/had/showed great reverence for Leonardo.他非常崇拜列奥纳多.5.heinous: adj very wicked 极凶恶的:a heinous crime, criminal 十恶不赦的罪行、罪犯.6.reprehensible：adj(fml 文)deserving to be reprehended 应受指责的: Your conduct/attitude is most reprehensible.你的行为[态度]的确应该受到批评. reprehend: v [Tn](fml 文)criticize or rebuke(sb or sb's behaviour)批评或指责（某人或某人的行为）.7.barbaric: adj(often derog 常作贬义)of or like

barbarians;extremely wild, rough, cruel or rude 野蛮人的;野蛮的;极其粗野、粗鲁、残忍或残暴的: barbaric splendour, cruelty, taste 野蛮人的奇观、残忍、趣味.8.gallows:(also the gallows)n(pl unchanged;usu sing

with sing v 复数不变, 通常作单数,与单数动词连用)wooden framework on which criminals are put to death by hanging 绞架: to send a man to the gallows, ie condemn him to death 把一男子送上绞架（处死）.9.hygienic: adj free from germs that cause disease;clean

卫生的;清洁的: hygienic conditions 卫生的环境.> hygiene: n [U] study and practice of cleanliness as a way of maintaining good health and preventing disease 卫生（学）: Wash regularly to ensure personal hygiene.要经常洗澡以保证个人卫生.* In the interests of hygiene, please do not smoke in this shop.请勿在本店吸烟以利健康.10.chemotherapy: n [U] treatment of disease by drugs and

other chemical substances 化学疗法.11.flagrant: adj(usu of an aciton)particularly bad，shocking and obvious（通常指行为）极坏的, 骇人听闻的, 公然的: a flagrant breach of justice 公然违反公正原则 * flagrant violations of human rights 对人权的粗暴践踏.12.homicide: n 1 [U] killing of one person by another 杀人:

be accused of homicide 被控犯有杀人罪.2 [C] person who kills another 杀人者.13.implacable: adj that cannot be changed or satisfied 不

能变动的;无法平息或安抚的: implacable hatred, fury, opposition 无法消解的仇恨、愤怒、对立 * an implacable enemy, rival, etc 势不两立的敌人、竞争对手等.14.foe: n(fml or dated 文或旧)enemy 敌人

15.chaplain: n clergyman attached to the chapel of a school，prison, etc, or serving in the armed forces（学校、监狱、军队等的）教士: an army chaplain 随军教士.16.strangle: v 1 [Tn] kill(sb)by squeezing or gripping the

throat tightly;throttle 扼死, 勒死, 绞死, 掐死（某人）;使窒息: He strangled her with her own scarf.他用她的围巾把她勒死了.*(infml 口)I could cheerfully strangle you for getting me into this mess!你让我这样难堪, 我恨不得掐死你!*(fig 比喻)This stiff collar is strangling me, ie making it difficult for me tobreathe.这硬领把我的脖子卡得喘不过气来.2(a)[Tn]restrict or prevent the proper growth, operation or development of(sth)限制或阻止（某事物）的正常生长、操作或发展: She felt her creativity was being strangled.她觉得她的创造力难以发挥.(b)[Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] restrict the utterance of(sth)限制（某事物）的发声: a strangled(ie partly suppressed)cry 哽咽.17.penitentiary: n(US)federalor state prison for people who have committed serious crimes（联邦或州的）监狱

18.median: adj(mathematics 数)situated in or passing through the middle 在中间的;通过中点的: a median point, line, value 中点、中线、中值.19.sophistic: adj of or relating to sophists or sophistry;consisting of sophisms or sophistry;specious诡辩的，巧辩的  sophism: n [C, U](fml 文)(use of)such arguments 诡辩;诡辩之辞

20.proscribe: v [Tn](fml 文)1 state officially that(sth)is dangerous or forbidden 正式宣布（某事物）有危险或被禁止: The sale of narcotics is proscribed by law.法律禁止贩卖毒品.2(formerly)place(sb)outside the protection of the law;outlaw（旧时）剥夺对（某人）的法律保护, 使失去法律保障.21.biblical: adj of or in the Bible 圣经的;圣经中的: a biblical theme, expression 有关圣经的题目、言辞 * biblical times, language 圣经的时代、语言

22.vindicate: v [Tn](fml 文)1 clear(sb/sth)of blame or suspicion 澄清（某人[某事物]）受到的责难或嫌疑: The report fully vindicated the unions.这份报告充分说明工会是正确的.* I consider that I've been completely vindicated.我认为已经证实了我完全无辜.2 show or prove the truth, justice, validity, etc(of sth that has been disputed)表明或证明（所争辩的事物）属实、正当、有效等: Subsequent events vindicated his suspicions.後来的事实表明他的怀疑有道理.* Her claim to the title was vindicated by historians.她说她有权得到这一头衔, 历史学家证明此事属实.23.ambivalent: adj having or showing mixed feelings about a certain object, person or situation 对某物, 某人或某境况具有或显示矛盾情感的: an ambivalent attitude towards one's best friend's wife 对至友的妻子有矛盾的心态

24.endorse: v [Tn] 1 write one's name on the back of(esp a

cheque)在（尤指支票）的背面签字;背书.2(a)write comments, etc in or on the back of(a document)在（文件）的背面写评论;批注（公文）.(b)(Brit)record details of a motoring offence in(a driving licence)在（驾驶执照上）记录违章事项: He's had his licence

endorsed for dangerous driving.他的驾驶执照上载有危险驾驶记录.3 give one's(official)approval or

support to(a claim, statement, etc)（正式）赞同或支持（某要求、言论等）: I am afraid I can't endorse your opinion of the government's record.很抱歉, 你对政府功过的看法本人不敢苟同.4 say in an advertisement

that one uses and approves of(a product)在广告上说本人使用并赞许（某产品）: Well-known sportsmen can

earn large sums of money from manufacturers by endorsing clothes and equipment.著名运动员在广告

中替厂家宣传运动服装和器械, 可获得巨额报酬.25.state-sanctioned: 政府或国家批准的

 sanction: n 1 [U] permission or approval for an action, a change, etc（对某种行动、变化等的）认可, 批准: The book was translated without the

sanction of the author.这本书未经作者许可就给翻译了.* The government gave its sanction to what the Minister had done.政府对这位部长的做法均已认可.* These measures have the sanction of

tradition, ie seem justified because they have often been taken before.这些措施已约定俗成.2 [C]

reason that stops people disobeying laws, rules, etc 使人们不违背法律、规定等的因素或约束力: Is

prison the best sanction against a crime like this? 为遏止这类罪行, 监禁手段是否是上策? * The fear of ridicule is a very effective sanction.人们不

做违法乱纪的事, 其中一个重要因素就是怕人耻笑.3 measure taken to force a country to obey international law（迫使某国服从国际法的）处罚措施, 制裁: apply economic sanctions against a repressive regime 对一压制人民的政体实行经济制裁.26.extortion: n 1 [U] action of extorting 强夺;强抢;勒索;敲诈: obtain money by extortion 勒索金钱.2 [C] instance of this 强夺;强抢;勒索;敲诈. extort: v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth(from sb)obtain sth by violence, threats, etc 强夺;强抢;勒索;敲诈:

extort money from sb 勒索某人的金钱 * The

police used torture to extort a confession from him.警方对他严刑逼供.27.cowardice: n [U](derog 贬)feelings or behaviour of a coward;fearfulness 胆小;怯懦: a battle lost owing to the troops' cowardice 由於部队畏缩不前而招致的战斗失利 * abject cowardice 可鄙的怯懦行为. coward: n(derog 贬)person who lacks courage;person who runs away from danger 胆小鬼;懦夫: You miserable coward!你这可怜的胆小鬼!* I'm a terrible coward when it comes to dealing with sick people, ie It scares me and I avoid it.我一和病人打交道就提心吊胆. cowardly: adj(derog 贬)lacking courage;of or like a coward 胆小的;怯懦的;（似）胆小鬼的: cowardly lies, behaviour, actions 怯懦的谎言、行为、举动 * It was cowardly of you not to admit your mistake.你不承认错误就不是好样儿的.28.equate: v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth(to/with sth)consider sth as equal or equivalent(to sth else)认为某事物（与另一事物）相等或相仿: You can't equate the education system of Britain to that of Germany.不能把英国教育制度与德国教育制度等同起来.* He equates poverty with misery.他认为贫穷就是不幸.29.paramount: adj(fml 文)having the greatest importance or significance;supreme最重要的;最重大的;至上的: This matter is of paramountimportance.此事至关重大.* The reduction of unemployment should be paramount in the government's economic policy.降低失业率应是政府经济政策的头等大事.

第二篇：Unit6教案

Period Three(Section A 3a---3c)Knowledge and skill：

1.Master the key words and expression:

object, magic, stick, hide, tail, turn…into, excite, western

2.Learn to tell stories.3.Develop students’ reading and comprehensive skills.Processes and method: Employ task-based teaching mode,and get the students to learn language points by reading drilling.Emotion ,attitude and value：

Arise students’ interest in legends.Difficulties and focus: Master the key words and expressions.Learn how to tell stories

Develop students’ comprehensive skills.Step 1 Revision Let some Ss tell the story of Yu Gong moves a mountain.Step 2 New words 1.Look at the pictures and learn about the new words.1.object n.物体 2.tail n.尾巴 3.stick n.棍；条 4.excite v.使激动；使兴奋 5.western adj.西方的

Step 3 Warming-up 1.Look at the pictures and answer the questions.1.Who are they? 2.In which book are they the main characters? 3.Which character do you like best? Keys: 1.They’re Zhu Bajie, Su Wukong, Sha Heshang and Tang Seng.2.Journey to the West.3.I like Monkey King best.4 Watch a video about the Monkey King.Step 4 Reading Work on 3a: 1.Tell Ss to read the article in 3a quickly and try to find the answers to the questions: ① Which book is talked about? ② Who is the main character? ③ What is he like? Ss read the article quickly and try to answer the questions: 2.The Monkey King.3.He is not just any normal monkey.In fact, he sometimes does not even look like a monkey!Work on 3b: What he can do: ① He can make 72 changes to his shape and size, turning himself into different animals and objects ② He can make his magic stick small or large.What he can’t do:

Unless he can hide his tail, he can’t turn himself into a person.Step 5 Careful Reading 1.Read the passage again and judge the sentences below True or False.1.Most pupils in England watch the TV program called Monkey in 1979 for the first time.2.Journey to the West is a new Chinese book.It’s new to Chinese children 3.Monkey King is just a normal monkey.4.Monkey King can make 72 changes to his shape and size.5.If the Monkey King can hide his tail, he can turn himself into a person.6.The Monkey King uses a magic stick to fight the bad people.7.The Monkey King’s magic stick is so long that he can’t hide it in his ear.8.Western children like to read this book because the Monkey King keeps fighting to help the weak and never give up.Keys: 1: T 2: F 3: F 4: T 5: T 6: T 7: F 8: T Work on 3c Let students complete the sentences with phrases from the passage.Check the answers。

Keys: 1.traditional 2.came out, became interested in 3.make 72 changes, turn himself into 4.is able to Step 6 Language points 1.…turning himself into different animals and objects.turn…into… 变成

e.g.I have a dream that I've turned into an elephant.我梦见自己变成了大象。2.But unless he can hide his tail, he cannot turn himself into a person.unless conj.如果不；除非。引导条件状语从句，=if…not。e.g.Unless I do, we’ll be lost.如果我不这样做, 我们会迷路的。hide v.隐藏；隐蔽。(hide-hid-hidden)e.g.Where did you hide the money? 你把钱藏哪里了？

I hid the broken plate behind the table.我把打碎的盘子藏在餐桌后面了。3.…the Monkey King uses a magic stick.magic adj.有魔力的；有神奇力量的

e.g.All the people heard of the magic carpet.所有人听说过魔毯的故事。Step7 Exercises Ⅰ.Choose the correct words.magic, birth, hide, tail, turn…into, western 1.Four years later, Laura gave _____ to a son.2.They want to _____ the old house into a hotel.3.England lies to the _______ part of Europe.4.She broke her _______ mirror into pieces.5.Dogs wag their_____ when they’re pleased.6.Don’t ______behind the door.It’s not safe.Keys: birth, turn, western, magic, tails, hide Ⅱ.Fill in the blanks.1.A neighbor ______(call)Tony, helped me repair my fence yesterday.2.The Monkey King can make 72________(change)to his shape and size.3.His uncle isn’t interested in _________(play)chess at all.4.The two boys kept ________(skate)for one hour.5.No one _______(be)able to answer him at that time.Keys: called, changes, playing, skating, was Homework Make sentences with these words.be able to;make 72 changes, turn…into;so…that;came out;become interested in;keep doing sth.Board Design

Which book is talked about? Who is the main character/ What is he like?

Step8教学反思

本课时是阅读课，旨在通读文本阅读，教学生学会讲故事，在了解中国传统神话故事的同时，提高阅读领悟能力。由于话题是学生熟悉且喜欢的孙悟空，所以同学们表现了极高的学习热情，都能积极地发言，踊跃参与活动，很好地完成本节课的任务，达到了预期的教学目标，并且培养学生阅读的习惯。

第三篇：北京大学2001年博士生入学考试试题全

北京大学2001年博士生入学考试试题

2001年博士研究生入学考试试题

考试科目：科学哲学（含技术哲学）

招生专业：科学技术哲学

研究方向：科学哲学与技术哲学

指导教师：吴国盛

如下3题任选2题（每题25分）：

1，试论波普科学哲学与逻辑经验主义科学哲学的联系和分歧。

2，试论库恩的常规科学。

3，拉卡托斯（I.Lakatos）如何批评并且维护波普（Karl R.Popper）？

如下3题任选2题（每题25分）：

1，按照海德格尔，笛卡儿的“我思”与近代科学的数学化之间有一种什么样的内在联系？ 2，胡塞尔认为科学的危机表现为科学丧失生活意义。在他看来，近代科学是怎样丧失生活意义的？

3，谈谈“兴趣”如何制约“认识”。

考试科目：科学思想史（含自然哲学）

招生专业：科学技术哲学

研究方向：自然哲学与科学思想史

指导教师：吴国盛

如下4题任选3题（每题25分）：

1，试论机械自然观与近代心物二元论的关系。

2，柏拉图在《蒂迈欧篇》中如何论证宇宙是一个球体？给出你的评论。3，试评述亚里士多德关于宇宙有限性的论证。

4，伯特如何说明认识问题会成为近代哲学的核心问题？试作评论。

如下2题任选1题（每题25分）：

1，I.B.科恩在《牛顿革命》一书中提出，构成牛顿革命之基本特征的是“牛顿风格”。请阐明科恩所谓的“牛顿风格”，并以科学史上的一个案例来说明“牛顿风格”对后世科学发展的巨大影响。

2，达尔文的理论提出后，面临的主要科学难题是什么，这些难题后来是怎么解决的？

考试科目：中国哲学史

招生专业：非中哲专业

（共四题，每题25分）

一、孟子人性论及其论证

二、张载的气一元论

三、罗钦顺的心性论

四、方以智哲学中的辨证思想

考试科目：西方哲学史

招生专业：非西哲专业

一、名词解释（每个词5分，共20分）：

1、灵魂助产术；

3、（斯宾诺莎讲的）实体；

2、唯名论；

4、休谟讲的两种知识。

二、阐述题（任选4题，每题20分，共80分）：

1、举例说明毕达哥拉斯关于“数”的学说如何体现出“对立”与“和谐”的原则。

2、芝诺反对运动的论证是否合理？为什么？

3、亚里士多德如何看待德性？分析他的德性观与他的自然观的关系。

4、介绍并讨论笛卡儿的“我思故我在”。

5、黑格尔如何批判地吸收康德的思想？

考试科目：伦理学原理

招生专业：伦理学

指导教师：何怀宏

1、试述元伦理学、规范伦理学与德性伦理学的区别与联系（40分）

2、试论道德判断的根据以及义务论与目的论的分野（60分）

考试科目：宗教学原理

招生专业：宗教学

指导教师：张志刚

研究方向：宗教学原理和宗教哲学

论述题（每题25分，共100分）

1、试述宗教学创始人的方法论观念。

2、试评康德对“宗教的本质”的看法。

3、试评希克的宗教多元论观点。

4、结合某种有影响的理论，谈谈你对宗教与文化关系问题的见解。

考试科目：佛教哲学

招生专业：宗教学（姚卫群）

研究方向：佛教哲学与印度宗教哲学

试题（在以下论述题中任选其中五题，每题20分，共100分）：

一、原始佛教对人生现象的基本分析。

二、早期大乘经的主要种类和基本思想。

三、中观派与瑜伽行派在“空”观念上的同与异。

四、僧肇对般若思想在中国传播所起的作用。

五、道生的佛性观念。

六、禅宗基本思想与印度佛典的关联。

考试科目：西方哲学

招生专业：外国哲学

回答下列问题（每题20分，总分100分）

一、亚里士多德的形而上学与逻辑学有何联系？

二、试以奥古斯丁或以安瑟尔谟或以托马斯的有关论述（三者选一即可）为例，说明信仰与理性关系问题在中世纪哲学中的地位。

三、翻译下面一段话，并说明它在西方形而上学史上的意义。

“Being” is obviously not a real predicate;that is, it is not a concept of something which could be added to the concept of a thing.It is merely the positing of a thing, or of certain determinations, as existing in themselves.Logically, it is merely the copula of a judgment.The proposition, “God is omnipotent,” contains two cconcepts, each of which has its object-God and omnipotence.The small word “is” adds no new predicate, but only serves to posit the predicate in its relation to the subject.If, now, we take the subject(God)with all its predicates(among which is omnipotence), and say “God is,” or “There is a God,” We attach no new predicate to the concept of God, but only posit the subject in itself with all its predicates, and indeed posit it as being an object that stands in relation to my concept.四、奎因是如何批评逻辑经验主义的？

五、试从本体论、意识观和伦理观等角度综合论述萨特的自由理论。

考试科目：中国哲学和中国美学（大陆）

招生专业：中国美学史

第5题必做，其他4题任选3题，每题25分

1、试析儒家美学的现代价值。

2、试析《乐记》“和”的美学思想。

3、从美学的角度分析禅宗顿悟学说的理论价值。

4、宗白华意境论述评。

5、阐述下面这段文字的美学内涵：

圣人含道应物，贤者澄怀味像。至于山水，质有而趣灵。是以轩辕、尧、孔、广成、大隗、许由、孤竹之流，必有崆峒、具茨、藐姑、箕、首、大蒙之游焉，又称仁智之乐焉。夫圣人以神法道而贤者通，山水以形媚道而仁者乐，不亦几乎！

余眷恋庐、衡，契阔荆、巫，不知老之将至，愧不能凝气怡身，伤跕石门之流，于是画象布色，构兹云岭。

夫理绝于中古之上者，可意求于千载之下，旨微于言象之外者，可心取于书策之内，况乎身所盘桓，目所绸缪，以形写形，以色貌色也。

且夫昆仑山之大，瞳子之小，迫目以寸，则其形莫睹；迥以数里，则可围于寸眸。诚由去之稍阔，则其见弥小。今张绡素以远映，则昆、阆之形，可围于方寸之内。竖划三寸，当千仞之高，横墨数尺，体百里之远。是以观画图者，徒患类之不巧，不以制小而累其似，此自然之势。如是，则嵩华之秀，玄牝之灵，皆可得之于一图矣。

夫以应目会心为理者，类之成巧，则目亦同应，心亦俱会，应会感神，神超理得，虽复虚求

幽岩，何以加焉？又神本亡端，栖形感类，理入影迹，诚能妙写，亦诚尽矣。

于是闲居理气，拂觞鸣琴，披图幽对，坐究四荒，不违天励之丛，独应无人之野，峰岫峣嶷，云林森眇，圣贤映于绝代，万趣融其神思，余复何为哉？畅神而已。神之所畅，孰有先焉！（南朝宋宗炳《画山水序》）

附注：

1、跕（tīē）：小步走。

2、峣嶷（yāo yí）：形容山势险峻的样子。

考试科目：西方哲学和西方美学试题（大陆）

招生专业：中国美学史

一、请概述古希腊摹仿说的发展。

二、简述法国新古典主义的美学思想。

三、“崇高”作为一个美学范畴在西方经历怎样的发展过程？

四、简论康德对席勒美育思想的影响。

五、简要评述克罗齐的美学思想体系。

以上五题选做四题，每题25分

考试科目：中国哲学史

招生专业：中哲（国内）

导师；李中华

一、简论《易传》与《老子》思想之异同（30分）

二、试论支遁与郭象对庄子逍遥义的不同解释（30分）

三、简述先秦时期儒、道、法三家对春秋以来“百家争鸣”的评论与总结（40分）

考试科目：中国哲学史

招生专业：中国哲学（国内）

导师：陈来

（共五题，任选四题每题25分）

一、荀子对先秦诸子的评论

二、张载的心性论

三、程颢的生之谓性说

四、王畿的良知异见说

五、康有为与谭嗣同“仁”思想之异同

考试科目：中国哲学史

招生专业：中哲

导师：魏常海

一、分析并比较《老子》与《庄子》对道、有、无的论述（25分）

二、解释分析《坛经》中的“三科法门”（25分）

三、论述并比较《大乘起信论》和《成唯识论》中的阿赖耶识（阿黎耶识）概念（25分）

四、论述分析《传习录》中的“四句”教说（25分）

考试科目：现代中国哲学史

招生专业：中哲（胡军）

研究方向：现代中国哲学

（共五题，每题20分）

一、评述胡适的实验主义方法论

二、谈谈你对梁漱溟前期文化理论的看法

三、金岳霖共相理论的意义及评价

四、贺麟知行观的内容及意义

五、冯友兰在中国哲学史研究方面的贡献是什么

考试科目：马克思主义哲学

招生专业：马克思主义哲学

导师：王东、丰子义

一、结合我国学术界讨论的情况，谈谈你对马克思主义哲学实质的理解。（25分）

二、试论马克思交往理论的主要内容及其现实意义。（25分）

三、试述历史唯物主义关于历史决定论与主题选择的相互关系。（25分）

四、试析“实事求是”与实用主义。（25分）

考试科目：一阶逻辑

招生专业：逻辑学

研究方向：逻辑哲学

导师：陈波

一、（10分）求以下公式的合取范式和析取范式，并用合取范式判别其是否是重言式。

（1）（p→q）﹤─﹥(q→p).(2)(p→q∨r)→（p∧﹁q→r）

二、（20分）一个命题演算系统的公理是：

(1)A→A

(2)A→(B→A)

(3)(A→(B→C))→((A→B)→(A→C))

(4)(A→B)∧(A→C)→(A→B∧C)

推演规则是：

（1）从{A，A→B}推出B

（2）从{A，B}推出A∧B

证明：

（1）├ A→A∧（B→A）。

（3）如果Γ∪{A}├ B，则Γ├ A→B。

三、（10分）用谓词逻辑的公式表达以下命题，联结词只允许用﹁和→，量词只允许用∨。

（1）有学生喜欢所有的教师或每个教师都被某个学生不喜欢。

（2）任给实数x，y，如果x小于y，则存在有理数z，使得x 小于Z且Z小于y.四、（10分）用结构归纳法构造函数F，使得任给公式A，都有F(A)=A中联结词和量词的集合。

五、（10分）讨论以下公式中y，z对x是否代入自由，如果代入自由，请写出代入后的公

式。

（1）∀xP(x)→∀y(P(y)→P(x)

(2)∀z(R(x,y)∨P(y))→R(y,x)

六、（10分）证明：

∀x(P(x)∨Q(x))→﹁(∃x﹁P(x)∧∃x﹁Q(x))

是可满足的但不是普遍有效的。

七、（10分）证明：如果∃xA是普遍有效的，则A也是普遍有效的。

八、（20分）Γ是公式集，如果从Γ├A得到A∈Γ，则称Γ是推演封闭集。证明：如果Γ是推演封闭集，则以下两条件等价：

（1）Γ是极大和谐集。

（2）任给公式A，﹁A∈Γ当且仅当AΓ。

第四篇：2015北京大学光学前沿博士生学术论坛征稿启事

2015北京大学光学前沿博士生学术论坛征稿启事

Posted by on 2015-05-25 17:52:56: 以光学学科研究培养为出发点，为了培养和造就一批适应当代光学和 光子学发展需求的高级人才，引导学生以更广泛的学术视野开展研究，适应学术交流氛围，提高创新能力和学术交流能力，将在北京 大学举办“光学前沿博士生学术论坛”。

论坛将于2015年7月26日至7月29日在北京召开，王家骐院士将出席开营仪式并做报告 “敏捷对地观察技术”。

论坛拟设定6个光学前沿讨论方向： 超 快/非线性光学，纳 米光子学，光 电功能材料和器件，分 子原子强场光物理，量 子光学以及生物光子学。

论坛学术活动主要以 口头学术报告和墙报为主要形式，按上述拟定的6个前沿方向开展学术讨论。并拟安排在每个子论坛方向邀请领域内知名学者进行一次前沿报告。

鼓励论坛期间参加 者访问光学学科相关实验室，与老师和同学充分交流。

光学前沿博士生学 术论坛将由会议由北京大学主办，北京大学物理学院介观物理国家重点实验室光学学科承办。我们热忱欢迎光学及相关专业博士生参加。

（1）征 稿要求：

本次论坛投稿时间即日起到2015年7月6日，请各位申请者将摘要和报名表以word文档格式，在投稿截止时间之前发送到邮箱optics_summerPHD@163.com，邮件主题为“光学暑期_姓名_学校”。(具 体要求请参见http://www.xiexiebang.com 微信公共号：pku_optics_PhD

第五篇：Unit6 Me教案

Unit6 Me Teaching aim: 1.To learn the letters and the story.2.The pupils can act out the story.3.Never give up and love our families.Teaching important: 1.Master the sentences.Teaching difficult: How to act out the story.Teaching tools: Multi-media, PPT ,cards and stickers.Teaching steps Step 1 Warm-up 1.Greetings.2.Sing an English song.3.Free talk.(Introduce themselves)Step 2 Presentation 1.Show them a cat Mimi, then ask “Mimi is not happy, why?” 2.Show them a video and lead them to answer “He can’t see his mum.”

3.‘Who does he see in the story?’Lead them answer ‘rabbit, dog, mouse and a cat.’ Then teach the sentences one by one by listen and repeat.4.Show them pictures ,then ask them to circle and say, lead them to fill in the blank.5.Show them videos of kangaroo and lion.Then lead them to make new stories.6.Listen and have a look , Mimi find his mum.Then lead them to say out the sentences “My „Your„,too.” Step 3 Practice 1.Let’s chant.2.Listen and read follow the video.3.Say and act.4.Group work.Choose and act.5.Sing a song.(Mummy, Daddy)6.Read the sentence patterns on the blackboard.Step 4 Homework 1.Listen to and read unit 6.2.Act out the story.Unit 6 Me Are you my mum? Yes.No.My„is„/My„are„

Shen Xiaoyan