第一篇:My First Job 文档教案
My First Job Four types of the text
• Description(描述)is painting a picture in words of a person, place, object, or scene.• Narration(记叙)writing includes stories , real or imaginary, biographies, histories, new items, and narrative poems.• Exposition(说明)is perhaps the type of writing that is more frequently used by a student, a scientist, or a professional, exposition means expounding or explaining.• Argumentation(议论)essay tries to make the reader agree with its point of view and support it, to persuade him to change his mind or behavior, and to approve a policy or a course of action that it proposes.Time Before entering the university Place The school in Croydon Characters Author and the headmaster Cause Being very short of money and wanting to do something useful plot
The whole experiences of interviewing End This was the last straw Point of view In the third person
Para.1 the reason why the young man wanted to find a job Para2 8 his disappointing experience to find the job Para.9 the most important reason why he refused the job
The story can be divided into three parts: a.The first part(Line1-5)is about the reason for applying for a job.b.The second part(Line6-38)is about the whole process of the interview.c.The third part(Line39-40)is the ending of the story.the main idea of each paragraph the main idea of each paragraph advertisement and application on the way to the interview the school the headmaster the room and the interview subjects taught the teaching set-up the last blow of the day
Discuss the writing techniques in the text •--narration(the process of job hunting)
– his application for the job – a mind full of misgivings: no teaching experience, no degree
• • • • • • the job interview: this is probably the most important aspect of the job-seeking process and the crucial factor as to whether one will be employed.--description(of the school and of the headmaster)the school: dreary, gabled Victoria house, red brick, big staring
sash windows, front garden, gravel square, evergreen shrubs, dust and fumes, busy main road.The headmaster: short and rotund, a sandy-colored moustache,a freckled forehead and hardly any hair, a tweed suit, ample stomach, silver watch-chain
the development of the theme
school being a long way from his home inconvenient transportation—an awkward journey hot weather poor surroundings: outside the school building—busy main road, dusty and full of fumes;inside the school building—dirty and untidy Unfavorable impression of the headmaster—his untidy study and suit, his strange, distasteful appearance terrible teaching set-up—a class of 24 boys from 7 to 13, three different levels;compelled to teach two subject the writer was not good at;required to take the pupils to the Park a mile away to play cricket on Saturday afternoons.meager salary working under a woman
--narration(the process of job hunting)
his application for the job a mind full of misgivings: no teaching experience, no degree the job interview: this is probably the most important aspect of the job-seeking process and the crucial factor as to whether one will be employed.Writing style and structure of the text • My First Job is a piece of Narration.Told in the first person, the text gives a vivid and detailed account of the author’s applying for a job before going to college.Analyze the characteristics and personalities of the headmaster and the young man.• • • • • •
the headmaster
1)short, stout, freckled forehead, a bald man with a pot belly
2)not neatly dressed(having always worn the same suit)
3)not so kind to the young man
4)great demanding and henpecked
5)know little about teaching
the young man •
1)a school leaver
• • • • • • • •
2)was badly in need of money
3)full of vitality and energy
4)inexperienced in both life and teaching
5)look very bashful and diffident
--description(of the school and of the headmaster)
the school: dreary, gabled Victoria house, red brick, big staring
sash windows, front garden, gravel square, evergreen shrubs, dust and fumes, busy main road.the headmaster: short and rotund, a sandy-colored moustache,a freckled forehead and hardly any hair, a tweed suit, ample stomach, silver watch-chain
Language Points 1.I saw in a local newspaper a teaching post advertised at a school in a suburb of London about ten miles from where I lived.Postponement(后置)Paraphrase
In a local newspaper I saw an advertisement for a teaching job/position at a school in a suburb of London ten miles away from the place I lived.Postponement(后置)–Emphasis End focus;end weight;balance
I saw in a local newspaper a teaching post advertised at a school in a suburb of London about ten miles from where I lived.End focus;end weight: She visited him that day.She visited her best friend that day.She visited that day an elderly and much beloved friend.2.Being very short of money and wanting to do something useful, I applied, fearing as I did so, that without a degree and with no experience of teaching my chances of landing the job were slim.-ing participle as an adverbial denoting cause or reason Because I need money and the sense of usefulness
fearing……….-ing participle as an adverbial denoting accompanying circumstances as I did so complement to “fear”
that without a degree and with no experience of teaching my chances of landing the job were slim Object clause of “fear” Revised: my chances of landing the job were slim without a degree and with no experience of teaching Being very short of money and wanting to do something useful, I applied, fearing as I did so, that
without a degree and with no experience of teaching my chances of landing the job were slim.Paraphrase
Because/As/Since I was in bad need of money and was eager to do something of use, I applied for the job.But at the same time that I did so, I was afraid that the possibility for me to get the job was very small because I didn’t have a university degree, nor did I have any teaching experience.As I had little money and wanted to do some useful thing, I applied for the job and at the same time I was afraid that the possibility of getting the job was small for I had no academic degree or teaching experience.Translation
1.他们都认为他成功的可能性很小.They all think that he had a slim chance of success.They all think that his chance of success is slim.They all believed that he had little chance of success.3.three days later a letter arrived, summoning me to Croydon for an interview Summon: to order to come;send for summon the witness 传证人
快去叫警察!
Summon the police quickly!
summon(up)one's courage for a task [to do sth.] 鼓起勇气干工作[做某事] Summoning……….As a relative clause equivalent.(Which summoned……)
three days later a letter arrived, summoning me to Croydon for an interview Paraphrase
Three days later, I received a letter asking me to go to Croydon to have an interview.4.It proved an awkward journey.Prove: to be found or shown(to be);turn out He proved to be invaluable.The conclusion prove true.Awkward: difficult, unsmooth an awkward question 一个棘手的问题
A difficult, awkward climb.艰苦的、笨拙的攀登
As a result I arrived on a hot June morning too depressed to feel nervous.Depressed: low in spirits;downcast HAPPY IS UP;SAD IS DOWN I'm feeling up.That boosted my spirits.My spirits rose.You're in high spirits.Thinking about her always gives me a lift.As a result I arrived on a hot June morning too depressed to feel nervous.I'm feeling down.I'm depressed.He's really low these days.I fell into a depression.My spirits sank.As a result I arrived on a hot June morning too depressed to feel nervous.5.The school was a dreary, gabled Victorian house of red brick and with big staring sash-windows.1.Victorian house
2.The House of the Seven Gables, Salem, Massachusetts, showing four gables in this view.3.The Saitta House, Dyker Heights, Brooklyn, New York built in 1899 has many prominent gables.A Georgian house in England with sash windows Why big staring sash-windows? Large, so large they look like people’s wide open eyes
four evergreen shrubs stood at each corner, where they struggled to survive the dust and fumes from a busy main road.they struggled to survive the dust and fumes from a busy main road.Implies:
They did their best to remain alive in the surroundings of the dust and smoke from a main road with heavy traffic.6.It was clearly the headmaster himself that opened the door.The Emphatic Pattern
It is(was)+被强调部分(主语、宾语或状语)+that...It was in that very room____ the Republicans held the important meeting.It was not until he entered the classroom____ he realized that he had forgotten to do the homework.More often it is the President,____ appeal and not the members of his cabinet, to the populace.7.He was wearing a tweed suit — one felt somehow he had always worn it — and across his ample stomach was looped a silver watch-chain.Full Inversion a silver watch-chain was looped across his ample stomach
8.He looked at me with an air of surprised disapproval, as a colonel might look at a private whose bootlaces were undone.air
a concerned air 关切的神情
He has an air of mystery.他态度神秘。give oneself airs 摆架子 put on airs 装腔作势
He put on high airs with his learning.他以饱学而自傲。
He looked at me with an air of surprised disapproval, as a colonel might look at a private whose bootlaces were undone.Paraphrase
He cast a look at me with the same surprise and dislike as a colonel would look at a soldier when his bootlaces came loose.Translation
2.我不知道她为何总带有一种闷闷不乐的神情.I don’t know why she has an air of sadness all the time.His study, judging by the crumbs on the carpet, was also his dining room.See Note 7 Paraphrase
Seeing the small fragments of bread on the rug, I concluded that the study was also his dining room.9.proceeded to ask me a number of questions Proceed to advance or carry on, esp after stopping;to undertake and continue(something or to do something)Proceed with your story.继续讲你的故事。
The trial may proceed.审判可开始进行。
To advance or proceed.前进,行进
proceeded to ask me a number of questions Translation
3.等到所有同学就座后, 学生会主席才开始宣布野营的日程安排(itinerary).It was after all the students had taken their seats that the president of the Students’ Union proceeded to announce the camping itinerary.10.Fixing me suddenly with his bloodshot eyes, he asked me whether I thought games were a vital part of a boy's education.Fixing me……..-ing participle as an adverbial denoting accompanying circumstances fix one‘s eyes on 注意,注视 he fixed his gaze on the woman bloodshot eyes Fixing me suddenly with his bloodshot eyes, he asked me whether I thought games were a vital part of a boy's education.Vital Translation
胃是人体至关重要的器官, 请善待之.The stomach is a vital organ of the human body, please take good care of it.11.I mumbled something about not attaching too much importance to them Mumble
to utter indistinctly, as with the mouth partly closed;mutter
I wish you wouldn't mumble--I can't hear what you're saying.我希望你说话不要含含糊糊我听不清你在讲什么。
I mumbled something about not attaching too much importance to them
attach importance to Translation
5.他认为总经理如此重视那些日常琐事是荒唐的.He considered it ridiculous for the general manager to attach so much importance to those routine trifles.12.The headmaster and I obviously had singularly little in common.Paraphrase
Apparently the head master and I had no similar interests.The headmaster did not see eye to eye with me as to many aspects.13.The school, he said, consisted of one class of twenty-four boys, ranging in age from seven to thirteen.consist of Substances consist of small particles called molecules.物质是由叫做分子的微粒组成的。
Ranging As a relative clause equivalent.(Which ranged……)a range of buildings 一排楼房
a range of pictures 一系列画片
a large range of motors for sale
一长排待售的汽车
the annual range of temperature 每年的温度变化范围
a wide range of knowledge 广博的知识
the range of one's voice 音 域
Translation 6.她的研究涉及到多种语言和文化, 富有挑战性.Her study, which covered/ranged over many languages and cultures, was full of challenge.Her study, covering/ranging over many languages and cultures, was rather challenging.14.The teaching set-up appalled me.set up a school 开办一所学校
set up business relation建立贸易关系
set up a city 设计一个城市的布局。
I set up a meeting.我安排会议。
Paraphrase
The way teaching was organized filled me with terror.I was shocked at the teaching arrangements.15.I should have to split the class up into three groups and teach them in turn at three different levels.Paraphrase
I should have to divide the class into three groups of three different levels and teach them on after another.Translation 7.根据安排, 所有工作人员依次值晚班.As is scheduled, all the staff take turns to work on night shift.All the members of the staff take night duty in turn according to the itinerary.16.I was dismayed at the thought of teaching algebra and geometry — two subjects at which I had been completely incompetent at school.Dismay: to fill with alarm;to fill with depression or discouragement He was dismayed at the size of his adversary.对手的魁伟身材使他丧失了勇气。
Paraphrase
When thinking of teaching algebra and geometry, two subjects which I was not good at, I felt very depressed.I was dismayed at the thought of teaching algebra and geometry — two subjects at which I had been completely incompetent at school.Translation
8.想到远离父母独自生活, 她深感不安.She was greatly upset/extremely nervous at the thought of leaving her parents and living on her own in a remote area.17.It was not so much having to tramp a mile along the dusty streets of Croydon, followed by a crocodile of small boys that I minded, but the fact that most of my friends would be enjoying leisure at that time.It was not„..but„..“不是„而是„”
It was not so much that he dislikes the book but that he just doesn’t understand it.“It was not having to tramp…… that I minded, but the fact that ……..(that I minded)” “What I minded was not having to tramp…..but the fact that……”
Paraphrase
I didn’t mind going a long and dusty way of Croydon to teach a team of boys cricket.What I minded was being busy working while my friends were enjoying their free time.I felt troubled not because I had to walk for a mile along the dusty streets Croydon, followed by a group of school boys, but because at that time most of my friends were having a good time and relaxing.It was not so much having to tramp a mile along the dusty streets of Croydon, followed by a crocodile of small boys that I minded, but the fact that most of my friends would be enjoying leisure at that time.Translation 9.对于她是否胜任这项工作我们不甚担心, 我们所担忧的确是她的健康状况.We do not worry so much about her qualifications for the job as about her health.It is not so much her competence for the job that we worry, but her health.18.I said diffidently Diffident
Diffidence
confident I was diffident about saying so.我不好意思这麽说。
Don't be so diffident about your talents.别对自己的才能如此缺乏信心.He is diffident about expressing his opinions.他对于表达自己的意见感到胆怯。
19.This was the last straw.It is the last straw that breaks the camel’s back.Paraphrase This was the most unbearable thing for me.20.I was very young: the prospect of working under a woman constituted the ultimate indignity.Paraphrase The fact that I would have to work under a woman in future made me feel totally humiliated.Translation 10.想到要做一次环球航海旅行, 他为之激动不已.He was thrilled/greatly excited about the prospect of having a cruise around the world.Text II The Interview
Language points for Text II 1.prompt sb.to do sth or prompt sth: urge or cause E.g.His action was prompted by fear.Hunger prompted him to steal.2.Feeling anything but well feeling far from being well anything but(恰恰不,才不)nothing/nobody but(正是,只是)all but(几乎,差一点)E.g.She looks anything but well.(She looks ill.)
You have nobody but yourself to blame.The thief has all but succeeded in escaping.3.be set on/upon(doing)sth: be determined to do, make up one’s mind
4.get round to doing sth.: find time to do sth.at last E.g.After a long delay, he got around to writing the letter.5.instill sth.in/into sb instill: to put(ideas feelings, etc.)gradually but firmly into someone’s mind by a continuous effort E.g.instill the idea of discipline and obedience into new soldiers
6.It was more a cross-examination than an interview.It was more a cross-examination than an interview More A than B
与其说是B, 不如说是A 比较
not so much A as B:表示“与其„A„不如„B„”
E.g.He is not so much a writer as a reporter.他与其说是个作家,不如说是个记者。
E.g..Your explanation does not so much enlighten us as confuse us.你的解释没有起到启发作用,反而把我们弄糊涂了。
E.g..Oceans don't so much divide the world as unite it.与其说海洋分隔了世界,不如说海洋联结了世界。
7.In due course, you will hear from us.Due: right and proper
E.g.He has his due reward.8.on a note of : the sign of a particular quality or emotion: e.g.ended his plea on a note of despair;
a note of exciting in her manner premonition: a feeling that sth unpleasant will happen in the future;a foreboding.e.g.The day before her accident, she had a premonition of something horrible.sombre = somber sad, dreary, gloomy grant a giving of funds for a specific purpose allowance津贴, pension养老金, subsidy补助金
e.g.maintenance grant(学生)生活补助金;助学金
练习册中海伦凯勒的著作节选部分的译文 《我的生活》第四章 节选
我们走在通往大房子的路上,金银花的芬芳令人心旷神怡。有人开始压水,我的老师则把我的手放在了水管边上。当一股清冽的水流喷涌到我的一只手上时,她就在我的另一只手上拼写“water”这个词,起初是慢慢地,后来变得飞快。蓦然间,我感觉到一种被遗忘了的朦胧意识——或者说,一种沉睡意识的回归和觉醒;神秘的语言世界展现在我面前。于是我知道了“w-a-t-e-r”的意思是奇妙而凉爽的东西从我的手上流过。这个具有生命力的词语唤醒了我的灵魂,它带给了我光明、希望、欢乐,将我置于一个无限自由的空间!虽然感官的藩篱依然存在,但是藩篱必将会被及时地清理干净。
我离开了大房子,极其渴望了解更广阔的世界。对我而言,每一样东西都有一个名字,每一个名字都是一种新思想的诞生。当我们回到家里,我碰到的每一件物体似乎都对我的生命产生了触动。这是因为我以一种陌生而新奇的眼光来看待这些东西。进门的时候,我想起了那个被我摔坏的洋娃娃。我摸索着走到壁炉前,蹲在地上捡起了娃娃的碎片。我徒劳地想把它们拼凑在一起,我的眼里噙满了泪水,因为我意识到了自己的所作所为,有生以来第一次,我感到既懊悔又伤心。
第二篇:教案
第9课 诗歌与小说
教 案
课标要求
知道诗经、楚辞、汉赋、唐诗、宋词、元曲、明清小说等文学成就,了解中国古代不同时期的文学特色。
教学目标
知识与能力:了解《诗经》反映的社会状况及楚辞、汉赋的形成特点;了解唐朝诗歌繁荣的条件、著名诗人和作品;了解宋词与元散曲发展的社会条件和名家名篇;让学生知道明清小说的文学成就,了解中国古代小说的发展脉络及其流变原因。
过程与方法:结合《硕鼠》、《关雎》等研究《诗经》的特点;结合宋词、元散曲名篇的内容和背景研究宋元文人情怀。
情感态度与价值观:感悟《诗经》中对美的憧憬和追求,认识屈原的爱国主义:感悟唐诗反映的唐朝历史的兴衰与沧桑;体会宋元文人在作品中表达出的忧国忧民的情愫;激发学生阅读中国古典小说的兴趣,增强他们对中国古典文学的热爱之情。
教学重点
明清小说繁荣的背景、文学成就及其特色。教学难点
明清小说繁荣的背景以及通过明清小说认识其反映的社会现实。课时:本节教材用二课时。板书设计:
第9课 诗歌与小说
一、《诗经》、楚辞与汉赋 1.《诗经》:305篇,从西周初期到春秋中期,风、雅、颂,赋、比、兴 2.楚辞:屈原,楚国方言,特点 3.“风骚”——源头
4.汉赋:产生背景,带韵的散文,特点
二、唐诗、宋词与元曲
1.唐诗:背景;三大诗人:李白、杜甫、白居易 2.宋词:豪放派:苏辛;婉约派:柳永、李清照 3.元曲:含义
三、明清小说 教学过程
导入新课:请同学们阅读引言:诗歌是人类心灵的窗口,时代精神的火花在这里凝结、积淀,人们的思想、情感在这里郁积、释放。让我们一起走进诗歌的海洋,体验古人的喜怒哀乐,感悟不同时代风情的多姿多彩!明清小说则将日常生活和普通市民都纳入创作视野,不仅真实地反映了当时社会的全景,还蕴涵着作者对现实的敏锐洞察和犀利批判。
一、《诗经》、楚辞与汉赋 我们先来看《诗经》,请同学们阅读本目教材的前两个自然段,了解一下关于《诗经》的基本情况,然后我们来通过提问来检验同学们的阅读理解能力。
板书:1.《诗经》
《诗经》又被称为“诗三百”,你知道为什么吗?因为《诗经》共包括305篇诗歌。板书:1.《诗经》:305篇
这305篇诗歌从出现的年代来看,是从西周初期到春秋中期大约500年。板书:1.《诗经》:305篇,从西周初期到春秋中期
《诗经》中的风、雅、颂指的是什么?赋、比、兴指的是什么? 板书:1.《诗经》:305篇,从西周初期到春秋中期,风、雅、颂,赋、比、兴
风、雅、颂是按诗歌的来源分成三个部分。风是周朝时各诸侯国的民歌,统称“国风”;雅是西周的宫廷乐曲歌词;颂是为宗庙祭祀配以舞曲的歌词。其中风的部分最具意义及历史影响,请看教材是如何评价的?风的内容丰富,有的揭露讽刺统治者的剥削和压迫,有的颂扬劳动人民的反抗精神和对美好生活的向往,真实而深刻地反映了当时的社会生活。
赋、比、兴是《诗经》的艺术手法,请看教材P37《赋、比、兴》的文字阅读框。同学们学过《诗经》中的哪些篇目?
教材的小字部分摘录了《诗经》中的《硕鼠》、《关雎》中的一些诗句,请同学们阅读欣赏。
下面我们来看楚辞,楚辞的名称是怎么来的? 板书:2.楚辞
楚辞是战国时期屈原等人吸收南方民歌精华,采用楚国方言,创造出的一种新体诗歌。板书:2.楚辞:屈原,楚国方言
屈原:本是楚国的大夫,热爱祖国,后因小人诬陷离间而被流放,他把满腔悲愤化为诗歌,“长太息以掩涕兮,哀民生之多艰”。楚国都城郢被秦攻陷后,屈原百感交集,以极其沉痛的心情写下《哀郢》:“鸟飞返故乡兮,狐死必首丘。信非吾罪而弃逐兮,何日夜而忘之!”抒发了自己忧国忧民的情感。《离骚》是我国古代最长的一首抒情诗。
教材中哪些语句可以作为楚辞的特点? 板书:2.楚辞:屈原,楚国方言,特点
特点:自由灵活的句式,瑰丽华美、想像奇特。至此,教材上将中国古代诗歌两大源头都介绍给了大家。也就是:“骚体”(楚辞)与“风”(《诗经》)合称“风骚”,成为中国古代诗歌的两大源头。
板书:3.“风骚”——源头
请同学们看教材P37最后一个小字自然段。板书:4.汉赋
司马相如是汉赋名家,汉赋这种文学体裁的产生与时代密切相关。板书:4.汉赋:产生背景
请看教材:汉朝政治统一,经济发展。与其相适应的汉赋被称为带韵的散文。板书:4.汉赋:产生背景,带韵的散文 其特点是:专重铺陈排比、文采华丽。
板书:4.汉赋:产生背景,带韵的散文,特点
二、唐诗、宋词与元曲
汉赋的产生与时代密切相关,唐诗、宋词、元曲这样的时代文学也与其时代有着紧密的联系。我们先来看唐诗。
板书:1.唐诗:背景
请同学们阅读本目第一自然段,唐诗产生的时代背景可以归纳为几点。一是繁荣、开放和文化多元的大唐帝国的诞生给中国文学带来了新生命。二是科举取士制度的确立使得许多来自中下层的文人有机会施展抱负,他们把丰富的生活体验、自信乐观和昂扬进取的精神融人诗歌。三是汉代以来五言诗、七言诗的发展,也为唐诗在格律形式等艺术创作方面提供了借鉴,韵律更加工整、回还有致。
唐诗的繁荣从一个数字上可以得到印证,据记载,唐朝流传下来的有两千多位诗人创作的近五万首诗歌。教材上主要介绍了唐朝的三大诗人:李白、杜甫、白居易的诗歌成就。
板书:1.唐诗:背景;三大诗人:李白、杜甫、白居易 李白,人称“诗仙”,有人这样概括他:傲世独立,洒脱不羁,风驰电掣,雄浑壮阔。李白生活在盛唐时期,所以其诗风体现了盛唐张扬个性、蓬勃向上的时代精神。教材上对他的诗歌成就给予了极高的评价:在他充满浪漫主义奇特想象的诗篇中,蕴涵着深刻的现实意义和对人世的深挚关爱。同学们都知道他的哪些作品呢?
将进酒
君不见,黄河之水天上来,奔流到海不复回。
君不见,高堂明镜悲白发,朝如青丝暮成雪。人生得意须尽欢,莫使金樽空对月,天生我才必有用,千金散尽还复来,„„
五花马,千金裘,呼儿将出换美酒,与尔同销万古愁。
杜甫有两个称呼:“诗圣”、“诗史”。“诗圣”指的是他成熟的写作技巧,凝重的诗风。“诗史”指的是他的诗作内容就是一幅历史的风情图。
杜甫曾经经历过八年的安史之乱(755——763),其作品中的苦涩与艰辛更显其对国与家的热爱。教材的小字摘录了杜甫的《春望》,请同学们阅读。
同学们还知道杜甫的哪些作品呢?
茅屋为秋风所破歌
„„
安得广厦千万间,大庇天下寒士俱欢颜,风雨不动安如山?
呜呼!
何时眼前突兀见此屋,吾庐独破受冻死亦足。
白居易,生活在中唐时期,主张“文章合为时而著,歌诗合为事而作”,倡导诗歌沿着“补察时政、泄导人情”的现实主义方向发展,在艺术上追求浅显平易的诗风。代表作有《卖炭翁》、《杜陵叟》、《琵琶行》、《长恨歌》。
卖 炭 翁 白居易 卖炭翁,伐薪烧炭南山中。满面尘灰烟火色,两鬓苍苍十指黑。卖炭得钱何所营? 身上衣裳口中食。可怜身上衣正单,心忧炭贱愿天寒。
唐诗之后的时代文学就是宋词。板书:2.宋词
宋词又被为“长短句”,与诗相比,其优点是:便于更加灵活地表达情感,并可配乐演唱,按特定的乐调曲谱“填词”。
宋词主要有豪放派和婉约派两种风格,豪放派的风格豪放激愤,气势雄伟,内容以记事、说理为主,表达内心感慨;婉约派风格委婉含蓄,细腻感人,内容以咏叹个人身世、写景抒情为主。这里需要特别指出的是,两种风格并不截然分开,许多词人的作品往往兼具豪放和婉约两种风格。
教材上分别列举的代表人物是:豪放派的“苏辛”,即苏轼、辛弃疾;婉约派的柳永,小字还介绍了婉约派的另一位代表人物李清照。
板书:2.宋词:豪放派:苏辛;婉约派:柳永、李清照
北宋词人苏轼:词风意境开阔,雄浑壮观,代表作品是《念奴娇·赤壁怀古》、《水调歌头·明月几时有》。请看教材P39《念奴娇·赤壁怀古》节选。
水调歌头·明月几时有
明月几时有?把酒问青天。不知天上宫阙,今夕是何年?我欲乘风归去,又恐琼楼玉宇,高处不胜寒。起舞弄清影,何似在人间。
转朱阁,低绮户,照无眠。不应有恨,何事长向别时圆?人有悲欢离合,月有阴晴圆缺,此事古难全。但愿人长久,千里共婵娟。南宋词人辛弃疾:词风慷慨激昂、沉郁悲凉,有《稼轩长短句》等作品传世。
醉里挑灯看剑,梦回吹角连营。八百里分麾下炙,五十弦翻塞外声,沙场秋点兵。马作的卢飞快,弓如霹雳弦惊。了却君王天下事,赢得生前身后名。可怜白发生!
——《破阵子·为陈同甫赋壮语以寄之》
楚天千里清秋,水随天去秋无际。遥岑远目,献愁供恨,玉簪螺髻。落日楼头,断鸿声里,江南游子。把吴钩看了,阑干拍遍,无人会、登临意。
休说鲈鱼堪脍kuài,尽西风、季鹰归来?求田问舍,怕应羞见,刘郎才气。可惜流年,忧愁风雨,树犹如此!倩何人,唤取红巾翠袖,揾wèn英雄泪?
——《水龙吟·登建康赏心亭》
辛弃疾词《菩萨蛮·书江西造口壁》 此词全文为:“郁孤台下清江水,中间多少行人泪。西北望长安,可怜无数山。青山遮不住,毕竟东流去。江晚正愁余,山深闻鹧鸪。”这首词回忆了金兵南下烧杀抢掠的罪行,表达了作者渴望祖国统一的爱国主义思想情感。
北宋柳永的词作体现市民情趣,委婉含蓄、回还往复,成为婉约派的代表。他在代表作《雨霖铃》中,把依依惜别的离情和肃杀冷落的秋景融合在一起,有很高的艺术感染力。
柳永和《雨霖铃》
柳永(约984—1053),字耆卿,崇安(今福建崇安)人。政治上不得志,怀才不遇,放荡不羁,喜欢和民间艺人、歌女交往。他对词的发展也作出重大贡献,形式上由字数较少的小令发展为字数较多的慢词;语言上突破文人雅词,吸收了民间俚俗语言;表现手法上形成婉约风格。代表作如《雨霖铃》:“寒蝉凄切,对长亭晚,骤雨初歇。都门帐饮无绪,留恋处,兰舟催发。执手相看泪眼,竟无语凝噎。念去去、千里烟波,暮霭沉沉楚天阔。多情自古伤离别,更那堪、冷落清秋节!今宵酒醒何处?杨柳岸、晓风残月。此去经年,应是良辰好景虚设。便纵有千种风情,更与何人说?”词中,作者把依依惜别的离情和肃杀冷落的秋景融合在一起,有很高的艺术感染力。
李清照也是婉约派的一位代表人物,你知道她的哪些作品呢?
如梦令
昨夜雨疏风骤,浓睡不消残酒。试问卷帘人,却道海棠依旧。知否?知否? 应是绿肥红瘦。
声声慢
寻寻觅觅,冷冷清清,凄凄惨惨戚戚。乍暖还寒时候,最难将息。三杯两盏淡酒,怎敌他、晚来风急。雁过也,正伤心,却是旧时相识。
满地黄花堆积,憔悴损,而今有谁堪摘?守着窗儿,独自怎生得黑?梧桐更兼细雨,到黄昏、点点滴滴。这次第,怎一个、愁字了得。
相比较唐诗、宋词而言,元曲可能对同学们来说有些陌生,请看教材是如何对元曲定义的?
板书:3.元曲:含义 元曲是在宋词、金元俚曲俗谣基础上经文人重新制作而形成的新诗体,虽然也有格律曲牌限制,但大量使用白话、方言、衬字,是与音乐、戏曲结合比较紧密的诗歌形式。
为什么教材中会说“汉族文人在元朝进取无望”?①元代推行民族分化政策,阶级矛盾尖锐。②科举取士制度被废除。
正因为汉族文人无法实现人生抱负,他们才会用可俗可雅的元曲来抒发愁闷的情怀或是表达人生的失意和理想的幻灭。请看教材上摘录的相关诗句。
同学们知道元曲名家有哪些?马致远、张养浩。
天净沙·秋思
马致远
枯藤老树昏鸦,小桥流水人家,古道西风瘦马。夕阳西下,断肠人在天涯。山坡羊(潼关怀古)
张养浩
峰峦如聚,波涛如怒,山河表里潼关路。望西都,意踟蹰,伤心秦汉经行处。宫阙万间都做了土。
兴,百姓苦。亡,百姓苦。
与唐诗、宋词、元曲齐名的时代文学是明清小说。
三、明清小说
在第8课《笔墨丹青》的“民间风情”一目中,提到了木刻版画,那时的木刻版画是出现在什么文学作品中的?明清小说。
是作为明清小说的插图而出现的,反映了世俗的审美情趣。明代书法的特点是什么?明代书法随着社会进一步平民化、世俗化,更加强调个性化的创造。
书法也好,绘画也罢,它们在明清时期的特点均体现了明清时期经济繁荣而导致的市民阶层队伍的扩大,因而文化上越来越体现出市民化的特征。而明清小说的繁荣就是应市民阶层的文化需求而出现的。请同学们阅读本目内容,然后我们通过一些关键词来明确本目知识。
明代“四大奇书”:罗贯中《三国演义》,施耐庵《水浒传》,吴承恩《西游记》,兰陵笑笑生《金瓶梅》。
“三言”:《警世通言》《喻世明言》《醒世恒言》。“二拍”:《初刻拍案惊奇》《续刻拍案惊奇》。“三言”“二拍”是晚明的短篇小说集。
反映现实的百科全书式巨著:曹雪芹《红楼梦》 “孤愤之书”:蒲松龄《聊斋志异》 长篇讽刺小说的开山之作:《儒林外史》
明清时期产生了这么多传世之作,我们来做一道探究题。教材P40“自我测评”2.概述明清小说的特色,指出这些特色与明清社会变迁的联系。
提示:①明清小说的特色:通过文学手段重树商人等这些原来受歧视的角色的形象,对现实提出深刻批判;②与明清历史的联系:其一,明清时期,社会上弥漫着拜金逐利的风气,传统的轻商观念开始淡化。这种风气深深浸染了小说的创作,“三言”、“二拍”等作品中,商人第一次作为被歌颂的对象进入文学世界;其二,明清社会繁荣的背后也蕴藏着深刻危机,政治黑暗、官场腐败,各种社会矛盾逐渐加深,一些文人对现实社会日益不满,写出了一批批判现实的力作。
小结:文学作品与书法、绘画一样都是中国文化的组成部分,“李杜文章在,光焰万丈长”。
作业:教材P40“自我测评”2.概述明清小说的特色,指出这些特色与明清社会变迁的联系。
提示:①明清小说的特色:通过文学手段重树商人等这些原来受歧视的角色的形象,对现实提出深刻批判;②与明清历史的联系:其一,明清时期,社会上弥漫着拜金逐利的风气,传统的轻商观念开始淡化。这种风气深深浸染了小说的创作,“三言”、“二拍”等作品中,商人第一次作为被歌颂的对象进入文学世界;其二,明清社会繁荣的背后也蕴藏着深刻危机,政治黑暗、官场腐败,各种社会矛盾逐渐加深,一些文人对现实社会日益不满,写出了一批批判现实的力作。
第三篇:there be教案
There be 句型教案
一、学科: 英语
二、课例名称: “There be”句型
三、课型:新授课
四、:年级: 六年级
五、教学设计
(一)、教学目标
1、知识目标
能理解并灵活掌握句型“There be”的一般疑问句、否定句及其肯定与否定回答。2)技能目标:
学会利用身边的人会或物用”There be”句型来询问叙述。
3)情感目标:培养学生与他人合作的精神以及用应做事情的基本技能,要求学生能够在小组中于他人交流。
(二)内容分析
1.本节课的目的实使学生学会使用句型”There be”和它的肯定句、疑问句及其肯定与否定回答。再结合所学过的单词,学会利用身边的人或物用”There be’句型来问答。把所学的知识运用到实际生活中去。2.教学重难点
教学重点:能理解并掌握句型”there be”
教学难点:理解并灵活使用”There be”句型的一般疑问句、否定句及其肯定与否定回答。
(四)教学方法
1,自然法:让学生根据自己对已学知识的熟练程度来参加活动。
2,合作学习法:让学生通过小组合作完成课文朗读,使学生学会使用句型”there be”
板书设计: “There be句型
* There is +可数名词单数或不可数名词 There are +可数名词复数
“There be”句型的否定句和一般疑问句口诀:”There be’ 句型有特点,主语放在be后边,变否定,很简单,be后要把not 添,变疑问,也不难,把be 提到there 前.肯定句中有some 否定、疑问把any的 用法
(五)教学过程 Step1 Have a dictation Diagnose test 1)There---------some rice in the bowl.2)There-------some chairs in the room.3)There------an apple on the floor.4)There--------a teacher and some students in the classroom.5)There-------a pencil and two rules in the box.Step2 Teaching “There be” 句型
a)“There be”句型的一般疑问句和否定句的口诀 b)Give Ss there minutes to master.Eg:There is a book on the floor.(边一般疑问句、否定句及其肯定与否定回答)There is not/isn’t a book on the floor.Is there a book on the floor? Yes, There is/Not There isn’t.There are some chairs in the room(.同上)There are not/aren’t any chairs in the room.Are there any chairs in the room? Yes, there are./No,there aren’t.Step3 The different of “There be” and have/has
“There be” 表示在某处有某物或某人,表述某物或某人存在于某个地方,而have/has表示某人拥有某一样东西。Eg: I have a book.You have some pencils.He has a lot of pens.There is a book on the desk.There are some students in the classroom.*注: 而者有时也可以通用,表示“某物本身拥有。。” Eg: The classroom has forty-eight desks.=There are forty-eight desks in the classroom.Step4 Form test 1)There is a Chinatown in New York.(变否定句)------------------------------Chinatown in New York.2)-Are there any pens on the table?(作否定回答)--------,----------------。
3)There is some meat on the plate.(一般疑问句并做肯定回答)------------------------meat on the plate.---------,----------------.4)are there lots bicycles China in of(连词成句)----------------。
(六)Homework 背诵”There be “句型的一般疑问句和否定句的口诀,做活动用书第二模块。
第四篇:教案
教学目标:
1、通过量一量、比一比等活动,初步学会选择适当的测量标准,用不同的方式表示物体的长度或高度。
2、通过测量和比较等活动,积累测量经验,初步培养学生的估测能力、长度观念和数感。
3、能体会合作交流和成功的乐趣,数学与生活的联系,增强用所学的知识解决实际问题的意识。
教学重点:选择适当的测量标准,用不同的方式表示物体的长度或高度。教学难点:选择适当的测量标准,对各种物体的长度的感知。教学过程
回顾旧知、揭示课题:
1、比:你学习了哪些长度单位?(1cm 1m)你能比划一下1厘米、1米的长度吗?(抽生比划后都试一试。)50厘米呢?
2、估:你能估一估铅笔长度吗? 你是怎样估的?(学生演示“指宽”估量法)
3、导:怎样知道自己估计的对不对呢?(板书:量一量)。在测量长度时要用到哪些测量工具?(学生汇报后,教师借助课件1和实物展示:各种不同的尺子。)测量时要注意什么?(学生汇报:O刻度与物体一端对齐、尺子要拉直、放平。课件2)合作交流、探究新知 : 说一说
我们可以用“手指的宽”作为测量标准去估量铅笔的长度,我们还能利用身体哪些部位的长度、身边哪些物体的长度作为测量标准去估量其他物体的长度呢? 学生汇报(若有难度,教师稍加提醒:肩宽、一庹长、一拃长等。)(板书:肩宽、一庹长、一拃长、黑板长、课桌高、、、、、)明确:像肩宽、一扎长等这种肢体长度,还有像课桌高、黑板长等物体的长度都可以作为测量标准去测量其他物体的长度。(板书:测量标准)
2、量一量
活动1:要想估量物体的长度,先要知道测量标准的长度,下面我们就来先估一估,再量一量我们的肩宽有多长?课件3 1)学生演示合作:量一量肩宽(教师做好分工,让学生学会合作)2)学生汇报。
活动2:你能像刚才一样,每组选择2个以上的测量标准,小组合作先估一估、再选用合适的尺子量一量其他测量标准的长度吗?小组长做好分工,把测量的数据填在表格中。课件3(1)提出要求:活动时要细声细语、轻拿轻放,在测量黑板时,为了避免拥挤,请各小组有序上台测量。
(2)学生小组合作动手实践,教师巡视指导。(3)学生分组汇报展示。
活动3:静下心,闭眼想肩宽有多长?课桌有多高?用手比一比。活动4:请你用“一拃长”作为测量标准,量一量课本有几拃?
3、比一比
活动5:你能利用“肢体长度”“物体的长度”作为测量标准去比一比其他物体的长度吗?(板书:比一比)下面我们就来试一试!(课件3出示:鳄鱼图)1)想-----闭上眼睛想一想:6米有多长? 2)比-----选用不同的测量标准比一比:6米有多长? 学生汇报演示:以“一庹长”作为标准,6个小朋友手拉手的长度大约是6米长。)3)多样化:鳄鱼有这么长,你还可以选用哪种测量标准去描述6米的长度?(若有难度,教师适时引导。)学生讨论后汇报:肩宽、课桌高等。课件4(教师都要加以肯定。)4)优化:鳄鱼这么长呀,相当于6个小朋友手拉手、20个孩子肩并肩站一排、10张桌子叠起来,你认为以什么的长度作为测量标准去描述6米的长度最合适呢?(两臂长、课桌高等)
4、小结: 像这样,量一量、比一比比较长的物体的长度时,可以选用比较长的测量标准,量一量、比一比比较短的物体的长度时,例如铅笔,就可以选用比较短的测量标准,实践运用 :
1、课件6动物是人类的好朋友!你能选用合适的测量标准比一比他们的长度吗?请选择自己喜欢的一种动物比一比,在小组里交流一下看测量结果是怎样的? 学生小组内交流后汇报。(根据时间需要,适当选择1-2种动物.。)
2、我们经常课间在操场上锻炼身体,你能选用合适的工具和测量标准量一量、比一比操场跑道的长度吗?课件5(学生汇报,教师提示:卷尺、步长、)全课小结:
同学们,今天我们进行了一些有趣的测量活动,学会了用自己身边熟悉的事物的长度或高度来描述新鲜事物的长度或高度,说一说你有哪些收获,印象最深是什么?
第五篇:教案
《藤野先生》教学设计
主备人:顾海芳
【教学目标】
1.熟读课文,简要复述故事情节。
2.分析人物形象及学习刻画人物的多种描写方法。
3.结合时代背景,感悟藤野先生的人格魅力,体会作者的思想感情。理解鲁迅青年时代的心路历程,树立忧患意识。
【教学重难点】
2、3 【课时安排】两课时
第一课时
一、导入新课
有首歌这样唱:“相逢是首歌。”每个人一生中都会遇到难以忘怀的良师益友,鲁迅一生中最难忘的有童年时代的可亲可敬的长妈妈,少年时代的农家英雄小闰土,还有一个就是他在东京留学时结识的老师藤野先生。今天我们就来学习他回忆藤野先生的一篇散文。
二、小组交流讨论自主学习卡上的内容。
樱(yīnɡ)花
颇(pō)冷 解剖(pōu)抑扬顿挫(cuò)
诘(jié)责
绯(fēi)红
宛(wǎn)如
陌(mò)生
畸(jī)形
不逊(xùn)
匿(nì)名
杳(yǎo)
瞥(piē)见
喝(hè)采
发髻(jì)荟(huì)
裹脚(ɡuǒ)
枪毙(bì)
三、点拨提升
1.以地点的转移为线索,划分文章段落。
1—3段
在东京
4—35段
在仙台
36—38段
离仙台
2.找出藤野先生与我直接交往的四件事情,口头复述:
先生其行:添改讲义——纠正解剖图——关心实验——了解裹脚。3.圈画出相关语句,并说出藤野先生的性格特征。
先生其貌:黑瘦的先生,八字须,戴着眼镜,挟着一叠大大小小的书。(认真,朴素)
先生其言:“我就是叫做藤野严九郎的„„”(认真、迂阔)
“我的讲义,你能抄下来么?”(关心学生)
“你看,你将这条血管移了一点位置了。——自然,这样一移,的确比较的好看些,然而解剖图不是美术,实物是那么样的,我们没法改变它。现在我给你改好了,以后你要全照着黑板上那样的画。”(治学严谨)
“我因为听说中国人是很敬重鬼的,所以很担心,怕你不肯解剖尸体。现在总算放心了,没有这回事。”(尊重科学)
“总是要看一看才知道,究竟是怎么一回事呢?”(务实精神)
4.总结刻画人物的方法:外貌描写、语言描写、动作描写。通过典型事件来表现人物性格。
先生其人:正直热忱、治学严谨、关心热爱学生、公平无私,具有真正的教师风范。5.一别20年后,“我”仍然把藤野先生的照片挂在书桌对面,“我”对一个接触并不多的日本先生的感情是否有些让人费解?(为什么作者对藤野先生的感情这么深?)
第一,有高深的学问,态度严谨认真。“我”虽然不再学医,但先生高尚的品格,一直影响着“我”。第二,关心异国青年。“我”那一代人从懂事时起,就经历了甲午和庚子两次奇耻大辱,为了救国救民,远到异国寻求救国之路。藤野先生没有民族偏见,友好公正地对待弱国的学子“我”。一个普通的知识分子,在民族冲突的大背景下,以自己的良知兢兢业业地教诲中国学生,这种精神是伟大的。
第三,藤野先生的平等意识、尊重他人的观念给鲁迅巨大影响,使得“我”一直能够保持对中国底层百姓和大众疾苦的关注与同情。
第四,藤野先生的出现恰恰在作者思想转型的重要时期,看到他的照片,就会想起日本留学的经历,就会想起自己弃医从文的原因,想起自己身上肩负的责任,更好地以笔为武器,进行战斗。
四、小结本课
通过这一节课的学习,我们知道了为什么藤野先生在鲁迅心目中留下了如此深刻的印象,我们也要学习藤野先生正直、热情、治学严谨的高尚品质和重视中日友情、毫无民族偏见的精神。
第二课时
一、导入新课
上一节课,我们理清了《藤野先生》这篇文章的情节结构,并且分析了藤野先生的人物形象。他是一位正直热忱、治学严谨、关心热爱学生、公平无私,具有真正的教师风范的人,值得我们欣赏和学习。在鲁迅的心目中,藤野先生也是一个伟大的人,他们之间建立了深厚的师生情谊。那是什么导致他们面临分别的呢?今天我们继续来学习本课。
二、小组交流学习卡上的内容。
三、合作探究,点拨提升。
1.找出导致“我”离开仙台的两个事件,揣摩作者的思想感情并有感情朗读。
匿名信事件
看电影事件
读出愤慨和伤感,“我”看出了中国人的麻木不仁、人民不觉醒是民族落后的根本原因。“我”去日本学医,本来抱着美好愿望,希望治疗国民的体魄,这两件事使“我”看到了比体魄更需要治疗的是人的灵魂。要治疗的人的灵魂,必须唤醒民众,不是学医就能完成的,所以“我”毅然决定弃医从文。
这两件事对探索救国救民之道的作者刺激很大。匿名信事件既用写匿名信者的卑劣行为来反衬藤野先生的高尚品格,又使作者深感弱国弱民倍受歧视的悲哀,激发了作者强烈的民族自尊心和为拯救民族、富国强民的斗争精神。“终于这流言消灭了”,作者的正义斗争终于取得了胜利。“看电影事件”更深深地刺激了作者。他极为沉痛而愤慨地写道:“中国是弱国„„也无怪他们疑惑。”用这样的反语来表达作者的自尊心所受到的挫伤,思想上所受到的极大的震动,以及改变志向,弃医学文的决心。结合课文注释,我们可以更清楚地了解作者这样做的原因:中国民众的愚昧、麻木,使他深感医学只能解救病人肉体上的苦痛,要真正解救自己的民族首先要救治人的精神,唤醒民众的觉悟。作者的这种将个人的志愿与祖国的前途命运紧密的结合在一起的精神,是强烈的爱国主义精神的充发体现。2.藤野先生听说“我”不学医,并要离开仙台,他是什么反应呢? 藤野先生听说“我”不学医,并要离开仙台,甚感“悲哀”、“凄然”,他“叹息”,并赠照题辞“惜别”,还希望“我”回赠照片,并常来信告诉他状况。这些记叙和描写将“我”与藤野先生依依惜别的深情生动具体地反映出来。先生对“我”这种毫无民族偏见的深情,“我”是终生难忘的。3.写“我”没有给藤野先生寄照片和通信的原因。
对“又因为状况也无聊,说起来也无非使他失望,便连信也怕敢写了”这句话怎么理解作者对中国辛亥革命后,依然是黑暗混乱的局面感到失望和不满,而又不愿意将这种情绪带给他敬爱的老师,对良师的期望无以告慰,用一个“竟”字将自己的这种无限遗憾和内疚之情表达出来。文字的笔调是十分含蓄压抑的。尽管如此,作者对藤野先生的真挚、深沉的怀念之情还是充分地显示出来。4尽管我们之间没有联系,但我一直没有忘记藤野先生,从哪些语句可以看出? a作者为什么说藤野先生是“最使我感激,给我鼓励”的教师之一?
因为藤野先生品格高尚,尤其是他毫无民族偏见——他对“我”的热心期望,“小而言之,是为中国„„;大而言之,是为学术„„”这种精神与品格,在“我”的“眼里和心里”怎能不感到伟大呢?怎能不感激他呢?又怎能不从中受到鼓舞、激励呢?一个“最”字分量极重,真挚地表达了作者的崇敬、感激和怀念之情。
b对藤野先生的崇敬和怀念化作斗争的勇气和力量。(如何化怀念为力量?)作者为了怀念藤野先生,一是装订收藏他改正的讲义(即讲稿)来作为“永久的纪念”,但因丢失,非常惋惜;二是把藤野先生的赠照挂在书桌对面的东墙上,时时可以看到,以此来激励自己,增强自己的斗争勇气和力量,用自己战斗的笔“继续写些为‘正人君子’之流所深恶痛疾的文字”。这里的“正人君子”是反语,意在讽刺那些为军阀政客张目而自命为“正人君子”的反动御用文人。作者用这种“韧”的战斗精神和坚持继续战斗的行动,来表达自己对藤野先生的仰慕、怀念之情。
小结:时隔20年,作者仍“时时记起他”,足见藤野先生对他人生的影响之大。一位优秀的教师,就像一盏不灭的灯,会长久地照耀着人们,给人以精神和力量!
5.文章以怀念藤野先生为记叙中心,为什么要写东京留学生的情况呢?主要抓住留学生的什么特征写的? A抓住清国留学生的主要特征——将长辫子盘在头顶,来描写他们的不男不女、不伦不类的丑陋形象。B用两个贴切的比喻,“形成一座富士山”和“宛如小姑娘的发髻”,加上“油光可鉴”,生动形象地描绘与讽刺了清国留学生的奇特打扮。“还要将脖子扭几扭。实在标致极了。”“实在”是“的确”的意思,“标致”是“漂亮”的意思,用“实在”修饰“标致”,说思想腐朽的清国留学生“的确漂亮”,这是反语,强有力地讽刺了这些顽固维护清王朝统治的“遗少”,强烈表达了作者对他们的极端憎恶之情。同时,还以“上野烂漫的樱花”之美来反衬这群清国留学生之丑。
C结合背景资料分析。鲁迅那一代人从懂事起,就经历了甲午和庚子两次奇耻大辱,有志之士怀着寻求救国之路的愿望到异国去留学。鲁迅深感在东京的留学生学风不正,所以想找到真正可以学得救国救民知识的清净之处,决心舍弃繁华都会来到仙台小镇。为下文见到藤野先生作好了铺垫。6.题目为《藤野先生》,第三部分并不是直接写藤野先生的,是否离题?
第一部分内容看似与写藤野先生无关,实际上从侧面反映了鲁迅不愿与清国留学生同流合污的爱国主义思想。他离开了东京,前往仙台,这为与藤野先生的相识埋下了伏笔。第三部分写自己回国之后的经历,着重表现藤野先生对自己思想上的深刻影响,表达了对他的景仰。7.文章的线索是什么?
明线是作者与藤野先生的交往;暗线是作者的爱国情感和弃医从文的心路历程。8.结合具体语境,品赏作者在语言中深寓的思想感情。
请同学们自选一句或一段,抓关键词,谈出自己对课文的独特理解,老师适当点拨。例:文章第一段,“无非”表现了作者怀着寻求救国之路的愿望到异国去留学,但那里的留学生不学无术的状况让人失望。看似淡然,实际上强烈不满。“标致”实际上是反语,表现了作者对不知羞辱的留学生的讽刺。朗读时语气要愤慨、失望,“无非”、“高高耸起”、“扭几扭”、“标致”这几个词要重音轻读,读出讽刺与夸张的意味。
“他们也何尝不酒醉似的喝采”,“何尝”与“不”连用,以反诘的语气来加强肯定,说明“他们”无一例外地是这样的幸灾乐祸,麻木不仁,强烈地表达了作者对反动派长期统治下的人们精神麻木的痛恨。
四、畅所欲言
国家兴亡,匹夫有责。鲁迅认识到要想改变中国的面貌,就要改变国民的精神,他一直谨记国耻与历史重任,笔耕不辍,用笔做武器,像尖刀,像匕首,刺向敌人心脏。他用笔墨唤醒了一代又一代中国人。他的小说揭露了中国国民的劣根性,其实在现在,中国人也有劣根性,你能说出“丑陋的中国人”的表现吗?
诸如:中庸之道、自私、大男子主义、农民的计划生育不能落实、不孝敬父母、男人酗酒、闭门造车等,这些都是影响文明进步的消极因素。