第一篇:系动词的分类及用法大全
新概念英语:系动词的分类及用法大全
系动词
系动词亦称联系动词(Link Verb),作为系动词,它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语(亦称补语),构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。说明:
有些系动词又是实义动词,该动词表达实义时,有词义,可单独作谓语,例如: He fell ill yesterday.他昨天病了。(fell是系动词,后跟补足语,说明主语情况。)He fell off the ladder.他从梯子上摔下来。fell是实义动词,单独作谓语。1)状态系动词
用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,例如: He is a teacher.他是一名教师。(is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。)2)持续系动词
用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如:
He always kept silent at meeting.他开会时总保持沉默。This matter rests a mystery.此事仍是一个谜。3)表像系动词
用来表示“看起来像”这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look, 例如: He looks tired.他看起来很累。
He seems(to be)very sad.他看起来很伤心。4)感官系动词
感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如: This kind of cloth feels very soft.这种布手感很软。
This flower smells very sweet.这朵花闻起来很香。5)变化系动词
这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.例如:
He became mad after that.自那之后,他疯了。
She grew rich within a short time.她没多长时间就富了。6)终止系动词
表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, trun out, 表达“证实”,“变成”之意,例如: The rumor proved false.这谣言证实有假。The search proved difficult.搜查证实很难。
His plan turned out a success.他的计划终于成功了。(turn out表终止性结果)英语系动词的功能主要是把表语(名词、形容词、某些副词、非谓词、介词短语、从句)和它的主语联系在一起,说明主语的属性、特征或状态。它有自己的但不完全的词义,不能在句中独立作谓语,必须和后面的表语一起构成句子的谓语。它虽是虚词,但是其用法是复杂的,而且不可忽视。许多英语初学者会因此出现这样那样的错误,然而许多语法书却没作专门系统的介绍。因此,我们有必要小结一下英语系动词用法,以便大家参考。我想从以下四个方面归纳一下英语系动词的用法:I、常见系动词错误及其成因;II、系动词分类;III、系动词用法应注意的8个问题;IV、系动词与高考及其练习。I、常见系动词错误及其成因:
学英语的中国学生在使用系动词时会碰到以下两个问题:一是有漏掉系动词的倾向性,因为汉语中无系动词,如:
I afraid he won’t come tomorrow(am)二是误用系动词,如:
His hair changed grey.(混淆了change 与turn,grow)His hands feel coldly.(feel本身作系动词与实义动词的差别不清)这主要是因为学生没有把英语中的系动词与实义动词的用法区分开来。二者结构区别如下表,其后所接词性不尽相同,成份也不同。II.系动词分类:
一、根据系动词后所跟结构,我们可以把英语系动词分为两大类:完全系动词(其后只能跟表语的动词,如be, seem)和半系动词(其后既可跟表语作系动词用法,也可跟宾语或状语作实义动词用,如look)He looked sad at the news.(“看起来”,系动词用法)例如:1)
He looked sadly at the boy.(“看着”,实义动词用法)He looks a clever boy.(“看起来”,系动词用法)2)
He looks at a clever boy.(“看着”,实义动词用法)
在英语中,某一动词是多义词,既有实义动词用法,又有系动词用法。学生务必弄清其二者区别。切忌把二者混为一谈,这也是会考、高考常见考点。此类常见易混词有: change listen look touch ① turn ② hear ③ see ④ become sound seem feel eat continue last remain ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ continue ⑧ stay taste keep remain leave
二、根据系动词的意义,我们把英语系动词分为四类: A.五大感官系动词 B.状态系动词 C.动态系动词 D.双谓语系动词
A.五大感官系动词,描述一种感官性质。由实义感官动词变化而来,都是半系动词。1.look“看起来像是”,后接adj.、n.、分词、介词短语、不定式等。The girl bit her lips and looked thoughtful.这位女孩咬着嘴唇,看上去若有所思。2.smell“闻起来”,后接adj.分词。The flowers smell sweet.这些花气味真香。3.sound“听起来”,后接adj.分词。The music sounds sweet.这首诗听起来真悦耳。4.taste“尝起来”,后接adj.分词。The apples taste very good.这些苹果很好吃。
5.feel①“摸起来,给„„感觉”;②“觉得”,后接adj./p.p.The silk feels very soft.丝绸摸起来很滑。
You will feel better after a night’s sleep.睡上一晚,你会觉得好些。B.状态系动词: 1.be,“是”,属完全系动词。I am a student.我是一个学生。
2.seem,“似乎,好像”,完全系动词。They seem quite happy.他们似乎很快乐。
3.appear,“显得,看起来好像”,半系动词。He appeared tired and sleepy.他显得疲倦而且好像要睡觉了。It appeared(to be)a true story.看来这是一个真实的故事。
The river appears as if enveloped in smog.这条河好像笼罩在烟雾之中。
Now it appears to me that he may play an important part in settling the problem.在我看来,他可能在解决这个问题中起着重要作用。4.keep, “保持„„的状态”,半系动词,后接adj或介词短语。You’d better go to bed and keep warm.你最好躺在床上去暖和一下。5.remain,“仍是”,半系动词。I remained silent.我仍然缄默。
6.stay“保持(某种状态)”,半系动词,后接adj.、过去分词。The window stayed open all the night.7.prove “证明是”,半系动词,后接adj.n.The treatment proved to be successful.这种疗法证明是成功的。
C.动态系动词:都属于半系动词,描述状态变化过程。1.get“变成,变得„„起来”,后可接形容词、分词、介词短语。The days are getting longer and longer.白天变得越来越长了。
The train didn’t get going again.火车还没重新启动。
It’s nothing to get excited about.没啥可因此而激动的。
My watch gets out of order.我的表出毛病了。2.fall“进入(某种状态),成为”,后常接以下形容词: asleep, lame, silent, ill, sick, flat.The old men, unable to express himself, fell silent.那位老人说不清自己的意思,就不做声了。My father fell ill and died.我的父亲生病死了。
3.grow“渐渐变得„„起来,长得” You will grow used to it.你逐渐会习惯的。It’s growing warm.天气渐渐暖和起来了。
4.turn“转变成(新的与原来完全不同的色彩或性质),变质(色)”。Maple trees turn red in autumn.枫叶在秋天变红了。
It was cloudy this morning, but fortunately it has turned fine.今天早上是阴天,幸好已经转晴了。He has turned writer.他已成为一个作家。
(注意:此时writer之前无冠词a.)5.go,“变成(某种坏的状态)” The telephone has gone dead.电话不通了。
The tire went flat.轮胎瘪了。
The material has gone a funny colour.这料子的颜色变得奇怪了。
The thieves must not go unpunished.决不能让这些盗贼逍遥法外。go之后常接的adj.还有:bad, blind, wild, wrong, sour, hard, hungry, mad, red, with, anger, white, pale, blue, grey, naked等。.6.become“变成,成为(好坏均可的情况)” He became angry with me.他对我生气了。
It became dark.天气晚了。They became good friends.他们成了好朋友。
I became interested in drawing.我开始对素描感兴趣了。7.come,“变成为(已知的状态),证实为”,后常接形容词或前缀un-的过去分词作表语,表示状态或情况的变化。
His wish to become a pilot has come true.他想当飞行员的愿望实现了。
If you look into the matter, everything will come clear.如果你调查一下这事,一切都会清楚。My shoelaces have come undone.我的鞋带松了。
后面常接的形容词还有:apart, dear(昂贵),natural, open, short, right(好了),unstuck(没有粘住),untied(松开)。8.run,“变成”,后接adj.The well has run dry.这井已经变干了。The price ran high.价格上升了。9.make,“达到某种状态[后接形容词],如sure, certain, merry, bold, free We must make certain of facts.我们一定要弄清事实。
The Children make free with the apples.孩子们随便吃苹果。D.双谓语系动词
此类系动词既有系动词的功能,后接表语,又保留原实义动词本身的含义。例如: The run rose red.太阳升起红艳艳。
She stopped and stood quite still.她停下来然后一丝不动地站着。The book lay open on the table.那书在桌子上打开着。
The snow lay thick on the ground.雪厚厚地堆积在地上。He married young.他结婚很早。
The window blew open.窗户吹开了。
The dog has broken loose.豿挣脱锁链了。
She blushed as red as a peony.她的脸红得像一朵牡丹花。Lei Feng died young.雷锋早逝。
The material has worn thin.这种布料已穿薄了。
The weather continued calm.天气仍然平静。
He continued silent.他继续沉默不语。
III.系动词用法应注意的八个问题 1.系动词的进行时态应分情况讨论。
一般地说,状态系动词无进行时态,而动态系动词有进行时态,而动态系动词有进行时态。但是在某些情况下,状态系动词也有进行时态,表示两个用途:一是表示一种短暂的、反常的状态。如:
He is being kind.他装出和蔼可亲的样子(一时而不能持久的性质)
二是表示一种探询口气,使语言客气、生动、亲切。例如: I hope you are keeping well.(语气委婉)我希望你保持健康。
Are you feeling any better?(语气亲切)你感觉好了些吗? 试比较:
Your hand feels cold.(无意识的静态性质。)你的手摸起来冰凉。不可以说:
Your hand is feeling cold.(×)但可以说:
The doctor is feeling her pulse.(有意识的动态动作)医生正在给她拿脉。
The soup tastes good.(静态性质,无进行时)这汤的味道不错。
The cook is tasting the soup.(动态动作,有进行时)厨师在尝汤的味道。
总之,系动词有无进行时态应随系动词的意义或其语境变化而变化。我们在概述某一动词的进行时态时,不能笼统地说feel,smell无进行时,应指出其意义及其语用环境。例如smell的用法可见一斑。
①smell作“嗅觉”的能力时,虽是实义动词,但指的是一种性质的存在状态不能用于进行时态,常与can, could, be able to连用。The camels can smell the water a mile off.骆驼能嗅出一英里外有水。
②指“嗅、闻”的动作时,实义动词,可用于进行时态。The girl is smelling the flower.这姑娘正在闻那朵花。③smell指“含有„„气味”,“发出„„气味”等事物性质时,半系动词,无进行时态。The dinner smells good.这饭菜闻起来真香。
2.系动词的时态与形容词的比较级连用的问题。
某些含有变化意义的动态系动词如get, become, grow, turn等的进行时态可与形容词的比较级连用,表示渐进过程,其意思是“越来越„„”。例如: He is growing taller and taller.他长得越来越高了。
Our life is getting better and better.我们的生活是越来越好了。
The things are getting worse.情况是越来越糟了。
3.所有半系动词的被动语态要分情况讨论。英语中某动词在作系动词用时,无被动语态,而作实义动词用时,才有被动语态,二者不可混为一谈。例如: 不能说:
The apple is tasted good.(因为taste此时是系动词,“尝起来”之意,指的是苹果的性质,无被动语态)但我们可以说:
The apple is tasted by me.这苹果被我尝了一下。
(taste此时指“尝一尝”这一动作,有被动语态)因此,在平时的英语教学和学习之,要有意注意半系动词在具体的语言环境中到底是系动词用法还是实义动词用法,要注意区分、识别。4.瞬间动态系动词能否与时间段连用的问题
英语中某些表示瞬间意义的系动词不能与“for+时间段,since+时间点,how long until+时间,by + 时间,so far”等直接连用。例如: ①不能说:He has become a teacher for 2 years.应改为:He has been a teacher for 2 years.②不能说:He has turned writer since 3 years ago.应改为:He has been a write since 3 years ago.或It is two years since he turned writer.③不能说:He got angry until his child came back home.应改为:He didn’t get angry until his child came back home.5.系动词能接几种表语(从句)
系动词除了接adj.n.prep.短语,某些adv.以外,还可接以下几种表语形式: ①能接as if/as though表语从句的系动词有:look(看起来),smell(闻起来),sound(听起来),feel(觉得);appear(显得),seem(似乎)。例如: It looks as if we are going to have snow.看样子天要下雪了。
He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairy tales.他看来好像刚从我的童话故事中走出来似的。
She seemed as if(though)she couldn’t understand why Laura was there.看来她好像不能理解为什么劳拉呆在那儿。
It sounds to me as though there’s a tap running somewhere.我好像听到某处水龙头流水的声音。
She felt as if her head were splitting.她仿佛觉得她的头要裂开了。
The river appeared as if enveloped in smog.那条河好像笼罩在烟雾之中。
It seems as if it were spring already.好像已是春天了。
②可用于“It+系动词+that从句”结构的有:seem, appear, 不可用be, look。如: It seemed that he had made some serious mistakes in his work.好像他在工作中犯了严重错误。
It appeared that he was talking to himself.好像他在自言自语。③能用不定式作表语的系动词有:be, seem, get, look, appear, prove, grow.Her job is to look after the children.她的工作是照料孩子们。
He seems not to look after the children.他好像不是她的父亲。
He looks to be a young girl of twenty.他看起来像是一个20岁的年轻姑娘。He didn’t appear to dislike it.看不出他憎恨此事。
My advice proved to be wrong.我的建议证明是错误的。
He will grow to like this work gradually.他会逐渐喜欢这个工作的。
④能与there连用的系动词有:be, appear, seem.There appeared to be only one room.那儿好像只有一个房间。
There seems(to be)no need to go.似乎没有必要走。
6.能用两种否定形式的系动词有两个:seem, appear.举例说明:
It doesn’t seem that we can get our money back.= It seems that we can’t get our money back.He seems not to be her father.= He doesn’t seem to be her father.The baby doesn’t appear to be awake.= The baby appears not to be awake.7.后接作表语的过去分词可构成系表结构
能构成系表结构的系动词通常有两个:第一个是常见的be(is, am, was等);第二个是get,口语中常用。当二者作系动词用时,它们均表示一种存在状态,而不表示被动动作;当二者作助动词用时,后接作谓语的过去分词构成被动语态。
Be + P.P常可以用get + P.P.来代替,但是并不是be系动词总是可以用get来代替。Get + P.P.系表结构常用于以下两种情况:
1)表示偶然的、突发性的、意想不到的被动动作的结果或状态。Last night I got caught in the downpour.昨夜我被雨淋了(表示意想不到)The new car got scratched.新车给刮坏了。(表突发性)
2)表示对自身所作的事。如get dressed, get lost等。John got wounded while playing football last Saturday.约翰上周星期六踢足球时受了伤。They got married last month.他们上个月结婚了。
另外,要注意区分系表结构与被动语态结构的用法。8.几组易混系动词的区别 系动词的区别主要从两个方面作比较,一是其意义,二是其结构。1)get, become, go, turn, grow“变成”;
get: “变得”口语。后接形容词、现在分词、过去分词、介词短语、不定式作表语,但不能与名词直接连用。become:“变成,成为(好坏情况均可)。”后接形容词、名词、过去分词作表语,不能与不定式连用。
go: “变成(某种由好到坏的情况)”,后接形容词、过去分词、名词作表语。
Turn: “转变成”强调与原来不同的、新的变化,如变质、变色等。后接形容词、不带冠词的名词作表语,后不接不定式。grow: “逐渐变得„„”,强调其变化过程。后接形容词、分词、不定式,不可直接跟名词。以上词的例子见前面相关词例。2)look, seem, appear“好像” ①三者作系动词时在意义上的区别: look:“好像,看起来”,一般用于非正式场合,侧重指从本身外表特征上由视觉得到的印象。seem :“似乎,好像”,指说话人内心的估计与判断,有一定依据,接近于实际情况。Appear:“显得,好像”,常用于正式文体中,指某事物或人给他人的表面印象,有时含有实质上并非如此之意。例如:
He looks like his father.(指其长相看起来相像)
He seems like his father.(指说话人从个性方面得到的判断)He appears like his father.(指他的外貌、衣着给他人的印象)②三者作系动词时在结构上的区别:
现列表分析三者之后所接成份(可带者打“√”,不可接者打“×”)。例句见前面相关词例。
3)keep, remain, stay“保持„„状态” ①keep系动词用时“保持„„状态”,后接adj.或介词短语其后常见:alive,awake,cheerful,silent,dry,well,fit,fine,close,clean,happy,firm in one’s stand等。
Have you kept well all these years? 这些年来你身体好么?
I hope it will keep fine.我希望天气继续好下去。
In order to keep fit, all students go in for sports.为了保持健康,所有学生都参加体育运动。We’d better keep in touch.我们最好保持联系。
②remain,系动词“仍然存在„„状态”,后接adj.、过去分词、名词或介词短语,强调某种状态前后无变化。
The door remained closed.门仍然关着。
Kosovo intensity remained high.科索沃局势仍然高度紧张。
Peter became a judge but John remained a fisherman.彼得当了法官,而约翰依旧是渔民。Your room remains like this.你的房间依旧是这样子。
③stay,作系动词用时“保持„„状态”,后接形容词、分词。That fellow stayed single.那个小伙子仍保持单身。The door stayed closed.门一直关着(无比较的持续状态)It’s easy to stay hidden.躲起来很容易。
Please stay seated.请继续坐着。
后常接的形容词有:calm, clean, fresh, healthy, tight, young, open, awake, still, warm, fine, as high as„,常可与keep互换。如:
Stay/keep calm(clean, fine, healthy, awake等)IV.系动词与高考及其练习1.系动词出现于单项选择题中
①The story sounds_________________(MET 89)A.to be true B.as true C.being true D.true ②Those oranges taste__________(MET 91)A.good B.well C.to be good D.to be well ③---Are you feeling___________?---Yes, I’m fine now/(NMET92)A.any well B.any better C.quite good D.quite better ④----Can I join the club, Dad.----You can when you _________a bit older.(NMET 94)A.get B.will get C.get D.will have got ⑤---Do you like the material?----Yes, it _______very soft.(NMET 94)A.is feeling B.felt C.feels D.is felt ⑥I love to go to the seaside on Summer.It_____ good to lie in the sun or swim in the cool sea.(NMET 96)A.does B.feels C.gets D.makes ⑦Cleaning women in big cities usually get _______by the hour.(NMET 98)A.pay B.paying C.paid D.to pay ⑧Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge? It will _____ for several days.(NMET2003)A.be stayed B.stay C.be staying D.have stayed(以上七题答案分别如下:1.D, 2.A, 3.B, 4.A, 5.C, 6.B, 7.C, 8.B)2.系动词与短文改错(NMET 96)
They eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of questions.(were)(NMET 97)I’d like to your pen friend, and get to know more about your country.(be)3.系动词巩固练习选择填空:请在A、B、C、D四个选基中选出正确答案。①What you have said_______.A.is sounded interesting B.sounds interesting C.sound interested D.listens interested ②The class begins.Please keep________.A.silent B.silence C.the silence D.silently ③Look!Several people in the crowd seemed_______.A.to be fighting B.to have fought C.being fought D.having fought ④How _____the song she sings sounds!I have never ______a better voice.A.beautifully, sounded B.beautiful, sounded C.sweet, listened to D.sweet, heard ⑤Her feeling about the marriage ______rather strange.A.is looked B.is seemed C.seems D.is appeared ⑥The new shirt______ right.A.doesn’t feel B.isn’t felt C.isn’t feeling D.doesn’t touch ⑦How happy it_______ for me to be home again after twenty years abroad!A.gives B.feels C.is felt D.is given ⑧John _____driver since two months ago.A.became a B.has become a C.has turned D.has been a ⑨He _____he felt very _______over the death of the boy.A.seemed that, sad B.seemed as if, sadly C.looked as though, sad D.looked that, sadness ⑩The ice_____ thick on the river.A.is lain B.lay C.laid D.lie ________________________________________ 以下内容只有回复后才可以浏览
________________________________________
专项训练
1.—What is Mr Wang like?
—____。
A.He is a teacher
B.He is old and kind
C.He looks like a balloon
D.He likes English
2.What Mr White said sounds____。
A.friendly B.wonderfully C.pleasantly D.nicely
3.The poor boy ____ blind at the age of three。
A.turned B.goes C.became D.went
4.When he was a child he____。
A.grew patience B.was alive C.ran wild D.came true
5.His voice____ as if he has a cold。
A.sounds B.listens C.hears D.seems
6.This shirt___ as if it is made of cotton。
A.is B.looks C.feels D.seems
7.He looks ___ he hadn’t had a good meal for a month
A.that B.as if C.when D.so far
8.It ____that he was late for the train。
A.looks B.turns C.gets D.seems
9.These apples taste_____。
A.to he good B.to be well C.well D.good
10.—Do you like the shirt?
—Yes, it ____ very soft。
A.feels B.felt C.is feeling D.is felt
11.The moment Mr Zhang went to bed, he____ asleep
A.kept B.got C.fell D.fall
12.When I went home yesterday, it was ____ dark。
A.going B.getting C.running D.coming
13.Their plan ____ to be a perfect one。
A.proved B.was proved C.is proving D.proving
14.The flowers in the garden ____ sweet。
A.sound B.taste C.become D.smell
15.She____ like her mother in character。
A.looks B.seems C.is D.feels
16.It____ another fine day tomorrow。
A.seems B.promises C.appears D.looks
17.He ____ much younger than he really is。
A.appears B.grows C.becomes D.turns
18.You____ very pale.Do you feel sick?
A.looked B.are looking C.looking D.are looked
19.His wish to become a driver has ____true。
A.turned B.realized C.come D.grown
20.Her father ____a writer。
A.turned B.grew C.has turned D.has become
答案与分析
以下内容只有回复后才可以浏览
1.B What’s...like?是询问人或事物的性质特征情况的交际用语,答语中常含有说明性质特征情况的形容词。
2.A sound表示“听起来”,后面接形容词作表语,答案B、C、D均为副词。
3.D若人或事物的情况变化是永久性的或难以扭转的坏变化时,用系动词go表示。
4.C run wild是固定搭配,表示“放荡不羁”。
5.A sound表示“听起来”,后面接as if 引导的表语从句,表示对主语所表示的特征、状态或性质作出的反应及判断。
6.C feel作系动词用时,表示“(东西)摸上去令人有某种感觉”。
7.B as if引导表语从句时,从句谓语动作发生在主句谓语动作之前,从句谓语用过去完成式。
8.D “ It seems that„” 表示“看起来„„”。是固定句型,强调根据一定的事实所得出的一种接近于实际情况的判断。
9.D taste表示“尝起来”时,是系动词,后面接形容词作表语。
10.A feel表示“(某物)摸上去(令人)有某种感觉”时,是系动词,用于一般现在时。
11.C fall asleep表示“入睡”,是固定搭配,根据题意,应用过去时。
12.B get表示“逐渐„„起来”、“开始„„起来”时,是系动词,多用于进行时。
13.A prove表示“证明是”时,是系动词。
14.D smell表示“有„„的气味”、“散发气味”时,是系动词,后面接形容词。
15.C belike表示“看起来像”时,既可指外貌,又可指品质和特征,侧重于特征。
16.B promise表示“有„„的可能”、“给人以„„的指望”时,是系动词,后面接名词作表语。
17.A appear表示“看起来”时,是系动词。侧重于在外表给人某种印象,常为“假象”。
18.B look表示“显得”、“看起来”时,是系动词,后面接形容词作表语,用进行时态,常带有感情色彩。
19.C come true是固定搭配,表示“实现”,其中come是系动词,表示“成为”、“变得”。
20.D become表示“变成”,作系动词用,在后面作表语的名词前要加a或an。turn后跟可数名词单数要去掉a(n)。
第二篇:日语动词分类及用法小结
日語動詞分類及用法小結
一、动词的分类:(四大类)
1、カ变动词:来る(只有这一个)
2、サ变动词
a、する(实义动词)b、词干+する:勉强する
3、一段动词:词尾是る、倒数第二个假名在い段或え段。起きる、食べる
4、五段动词:
a、词尾是る、倒数第二个假名不在い段或え段。始まる b、词尾在う段(除上述情况外)。行く
注:还有一种特殊五段动词的情况,不过按如下方法分辨的话将十分简单。例:起きる(おきる),词尾是る,倒数第二个假名是き(属于え段),那这个词就是一段动词;不过,请看这个词:焦る(あせる),词尾是る,倒数第二个假名是せ(属于え段),如果按上面的规则,焦る应该归为一段的是吧,可是这个词却是五段的。这类满足一段动词要求却归为五段的就叫特殊五段动词。
分辨方法也相当简单:起きるVS焦る,大家注意到没有,这二个动词,虽然都是る结尾,但它们倒数第二个假名一个是送出来的(起きる),一个是不送出来的(焦る),而绝大部份满足一段动词的要求但倒数第二个假名是不送出来的情况,多半就是特殊五段动词了。
二、动词的各种活动形式
(一)、动词活用分:
1、第一连用形:ます
2、第二连用形:て
3、未然形:ない
4、可能形:れる/られる
5、被动形:れる/られる
6、意志形:う/よう
7、假定形:ば
8、使役形:せる/させる
9、被动使役:させられる
10、命令形:(?)
(二)、カ变动词的活用:
1、第一连用形ます: き ます
2、第二连用形て: きて
3、未然形ない: こない
4、可能形れる/られる: こられる
5、被动形れる/られる: こられる
6、意志形う/よう: こよう
7、假定形ば:くれば
8、使役形せる/させる:こさせる
9、被动使役させられる:こさせられる
10、命令形:こい
(三)、サ变动词的活用:
1、第一连用形ます:し ます
2、第二连用形て:して
3、未然形ない:しない
4、可能形れる/られる:できる(?)
5、被动形れる/られる:される
6、意志形う/よう:しよう
7、假定形ば:すれば
8、使役形せる/させる:させる
9、被动使役させられる:させられる
10、命令形:しろ
(四)、一段动词的活用:
1、第一连用形ます:词干+ます
2、第二连用形て:词干+て
3、未然形ない:词干+ない
4、可能形れる/られる:词干+られる
5、被动形れる/られる:词干+られる
6、意志形う/よう:词干+よう
7、假定形ば:词干+れば
8、使役形せる/させる:词干+させる
9、被动使役させられる:词干+させられる
10、命令形:词干+ろ
(五)、五段动词的活用:
1、第一连用形ます:词尾变为同行い段+ます
2、第二连用形て:
a、词尾是く结尾的,变为いて b、词尾是ぐ结尾的,变为いで c、词尾是す结尾的,变为して
d、词尾是う、つ、る结尾的,变为って e、词尾是ぬ、ぶ、む结尾的,变为んで f、行く变为行って
3、未然形ない:词尾变为同行あ段+ない
4、可能形れる/られる:词尾变为同行え段+る
5、被动形れる/られる:词尾变为同行あ段+れる
6、意志形う/よう:词尾变为同行お段+う
7、假定形ば:词尾变为同行え段+ば
8、使役形せる/させる:词尾变为同行あ段+せる
9、被动使役させられる:词尾变为同行あ段+せられる
10、命令形:词尾变为同行え段
(六):特殊的五段动词
嘲(あざけ)る 焦(あせ)る 要(い)る 煎(い)る 返(かえ)る 帰(かえ)る 限(かぎ)る 切(き)る
覆(くつがえ)る 蹴(け)る
遮(さえぎ)る 茂(しげ)る 湿(しめ)る 知(し)る 滑(すべ)る 散(ち)る 照(て)る 握(にぎ)る 练(ね)る
骂(ののし)る 入(はい)る 走(はし)る 减(へ)る 参(まい)る
混(ま)じる(只有這個不符合前面說的分辨方式,倒數第二個假名送出來了。)涨(みなぎ)る
第三篇:常见系动词的分类及使用特点
常见系动词的分类及使用特点
系动词词义不完整,在句中不能单独使用(除省略句外),后面必须接有表语,系动词和表语一起构成合成谓语。常见的系动词大致可分为三类。
第一类:表示特征或状态的,有 be, look, feel, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, turn out(结果是、证明是)等。
You'll be all right soon.You don't look very well.I feel rather cold.He seems to be ill.It appears that he is unhappy.The roses smell sweet.The mixture tasted horrible.How sweet the music sounds!
The day turned out(to be)a fine one.第二类:表示从一种状态到另一种状态的变化,有become, get, grow, turn, fall, go, come, run 等。
He became a world-famous scientist.It is getting warmer and warmer.It grew dark.The food has turned bad.Yesterday he suddenly fell ill.Mary's face went red.His dream has come true.The boy's blood ran cold.第三类:表示保持状态的,有keep, remain, continue 等。
Keep quiet, children!
The weather continued fine for a long time.It remains to be proved
系动词后的表语可以是名词、代词、数词、形容词、分词、动名词、不定式、副词、介词短语、词组、从句,系动词 be 可用于上述所有情况。如: The people are the real heroes.(名词)
That's something we have always to keep in mind.(代词)She is often the first to come here.(数词)
She is pretty and wise.(形容词).The news was surprising.(分词)
His job is teaching English.(动名词)
The only method is to give the child more help.(不定式)
I must be off now.(副词)
The bridge is under construction.(介词短语)That would be a great weight off my mind.(词组)This is why he was late.(从句)系动词的使用特点:
1、所有的系动词都可接形容词作表语,此处略举数例。
Our future will be beautiful.She looks unhappy today.Do you feel cold? You seem / appear ill.The food tastes delicious.The weather is turning / growing / becoming / getting cold.He often went hungry.2、能用名词作表语的系动词有:be, become, turn, sound, remain, seem 等。He was a postman six years ago.He has become a famous doctor.He turned traitor to his country.That sounds a good idea.He remains an ordinary worker.He seems a stranger to me.3、能用不定式作表语的系动词有:appear, seem, get, prove, remain 等。She appears / seems to be very young.He appears / seems to have caught cold.They got to be friends.The theory proved to be right.Much remains to be done.4、能接从句的有:be, seem, appear, sound, look 等。
That's why he fell ill.My idea is that we should help him.It seems / appears to me that something is wrong.It sounds to me as if someone were trying to get into the house.Your voice sounds as if you had a cold.It looks as if it is going to rain.5、能接介词短语的有:be, feel, look, sound, taste, remain 等。be 是特别活跃的系动词,其后可接很多介词短语作表语。
He is at home / in the library / on the way home / on holiday.The police are after him.He is at work on a new invention.He found the girl was in tears.They are on duty / on strike / on leave.The road is under repair.其它系动词能和介词搭配的范围很小,如: It feels like a rain.It looks like a rain.It sounds like a train going under my room.It tastes of apples.这有苹果的味道。
The concert remains in my memory.6、能接分词的系动词有:be, become, get, grow, seem, appear.His report was surpring / disappointing / delighting / moving / astonishing …
The boy was moved / delighted / surprised / disappointed / astonished.He has become / got / grown / interested in modern physics.He seems / appears drunk.系动词后接的其它东西,如代词、数词、动名词、副词、词组,基本都是 be 的用法,其它系动词几乎不能这样用或用法很少,这里就不再多讲了。
She appears/ seems to be very young.He appears/ seems to have caught cold.They got to be friends。
The meeting turned out to be successful.The theory proved to be right.Much remains to be done.
第四篇:be动词用法及相关练习题
Be动词的用法:
现在时 I am, you are, he is, we are, you are, they are(缩略式 I'm, you're, he's, we're, you're, they're),(否定缩略式 I'm not, isn't, aren't), 过去时 I was, you were, he was, we were, you were, they were(过去时否定缩略式 wasn't, weren't), 过去分词 been, 现在分词 being
1)be +现在分词,构成进行时态,例如:
They are having a meeting.他们正在开会。
2)be + 过去分词,构成被动语态,例如:
The window was broken by Tom..窗户是汤姆打碎的。
3)be + 动词不定式,可表示下列内容:
a.表示最近、未来的计划或安排,例如:
He is to go to New York next week..他下周要去纽约。
说明: 这种用法也可以说成是一种将来时态表达法。
b.表示命令,例如:
You are to explain this.对此你要做出解释。
c.征求意见,例如:
How am I to answer him? 我该怎样答复他?
d.表示相约、商定,例如:
We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning.我们明天早晨7点在校门口集合。
现在进行时:
构成:主语+be+动词ing〔现在分词〕形式
第一人称+am+v-ing
第二人称+are+v-ing
第三人称+is+v-ing
定义:现在进行时表示现在或当前一般时间正在进行的动作。
可以表示有计划的未来。也是一般现在时表将来。
现在进行时的基本用法:
a.表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。
We are waiting for you.b.习惯进行:表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行。
Mr.Green is writing another novel.(说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态。)
She is learning piano under Mr.Smith.c.已经确定或安排好的将来活动
I'm leaving for a trek in Nepal next week.(已经安排了)
we're flying to Paris tomorrow.(票已经拿到了)
d.有些动词(状态动词不用于进行时态)
1.表示知道或了解的动词:believe,doubt,forget,imagine,know, remember,realize,suppose,understand
2.表示“看起来”“看上去“appear,resemble,seem
3表示喜爱或不喜爱hate,like.lover.prefer
4表示构成或来源的动词 be come from.contain,include
5表示感官的动词 hear see smell sound taste
6表示拥有的动词belong to.need.own.possess.want wish
【No.1】现在进行时的构成
现在进行时由”be+v-ing"构成。be应为助动词,初学者最容易漏掉,它应与主语的人称和数保持一致。
【No.2】现在进行时的应用
在实际运用时,现在进行时常用以下几种情况:
(1)当句子中有now时,常表示动作正在进行,这时要用现在进行时。如:
They are playing basketball now.现在他们正在打篮球。
(2)以look, listen开头的句子,提示我们动作正进行,这时要用现在进行时。如:
Listen!She is singing an English song.听,她正在唱英语歌。
(3)表示当前一段时间或现阶段正在进行的动作,且此时有this week, these days等时间状语,这时常用现在进行时。如:
We are making model planes these days.这些天我们在做飞机模型。
(4)描述图片中的人物的动作,也为了表达更生动。此时也常用现在进行时。如:
Look at the picture.The children are flying kites in the park.看这幅图,那些孩子正在公园放风筝。
【No.3】现在进行时的变化
肯定句式:主语+be(am, is, are)+现在分词+其它.否定句式:主语+be(am, is, are)+not +现在分词+其它.一般疑问句:Be(am, is, are)+主语+现在分词+其它?
特殊疑问句:疑问词+be(am, is, are)+主语+现在分词+其它?
对现在进行时的特殊疑问句的回答,它不可以用Yes或No直接作答,要根据实际情况回答。
c.表示渐变的动词有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
The leaves are turning red.It's getting warmer and warmer.d.与always, constantly, forever 等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
You are always changing your mind.典型例题
My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.A.has lost, don't find B.is missing, don't find C.has lost, haven't found D.is missing, haven't found.答案D.前句是一个仍在持续的状态,应用进行时,由于没有找到,其影响仍然存在,应用完成时,瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
e:现在进行时有时可以用来表示赞叹或厌烦的感情.例如:
He is always causing trouble.他总是惹麻烦.=====================================
The Present Continuous Tense 现在进行时
现在进行时最容易出现错误的地方在动词的现在分词形式,我们在复习的时候要特别注意不规则动词的变化形式。
例如:
taking,taking是take的ing形式,以e结尾要去e加ing;
swimming,beginning,putting,要双写最后一个字母,之后加ing;
buying,playing,teaching,等大部分单词直接加ing.有一些特殊变化(或者说以Ie为结尾的重读闭音节的动词)的现在分词〔有3个〕,:lying—lie, dying ―die tying―tie 这些以ie结尾要去e再把I变y再加ing.
1.The Present Continuous Tense 现在进行时
2.现在进行时最容易出现错误的地方在动词的现在分词形式,我们在复习的时候要特别注意不规则动词的变化形式。
3.例如:
4.swimming,beginning,putting,taking,buying。
has和have的用法
has和have都表示有,但用法不同。
has用在第三人称单数形式(能转换成it的人称形式)中;have用在第一人称和第二人称中;如果一个句子中有does(或did)的话,has变为have,does就相当于一个还原器。
例句:
has:He has a bag.他有一个书包。
have:I have a pen.我有一知钢笔。
Do you have a book?你有一本书吗?
关于does的:Does he have a notebook?他有一个笔记本吗?
She doesn't have a computer.她没有一个电脑。
练习题
(Be动词)
一、在下面的短文中填上恰当be动词。
I ______ a girl.My name _______ Mary.I ______ in Class 2, Grade 7.I ______ 12 years old.Here ______ my family photo.Look!These ______ my parents and those _______ my grandparents.This boy ______ my brother.He ________ 15 years old now.That ______ my cat, Mimi.It ______ very lovely.二、在下面的题目中填上恰当的Be动词。(注意Be动词的时态)1.I ________from Australia.2.She _______ a student.3.Jane and Tom _________my friends.4.My parents _______very busy every day.5._______ there a Chinese school in New York? 6.There _____ some glasses on it.7.There ________many monkeys in the mountain.8.There_________ a beautiful garden in our school.9.I _______ at school just now.10.He ________ at the camp last week.11.We ________ students two years ago.12.They ________ on the farm a moment ago.13.Yang Ling ________ eleven years old last year.14.There ________ an apple on the plate yesterday.15.There ________ some milk in the fridge on Sunday.16.The mobile phone _______ on the sofa yesterday evening.17.There _________some water in the glass.18.There __________ some bread on the table.19.Where ________ your friends yesterday? 20.How old __________ you last year? 21.Which dog ________ yours? 22.Ten and two ________ twelve.、。
一、用am, is, are 填空 1)I _____ a student.2)You ____ a doctor.3)____she from Jinan?
4)_____you American? 5)He _____ in Class 4, Grade 1.6)It_____ a car.7)They ____ cars
8)____ your mother in China? 9)_____your friends in New York? 10)What ____her name?
11)These _____ buses.12)Those _____oranges.13)Where _____ her mother? 14)How old _____your teacher? 15)What class _____ you in? 1.I ______ a boy.______ you a boy? No, I _____ not.2.The girl______ Jack’s sister.3.The dog _______ tall and fat.4.The man with big eyes _______ a teacher.5.______ your brother in the classroom?
6.Where _____ your mother? She ______ at home.7.How _______ your father?
8.Mike and Liu Tao ______ at school.9.Whose dress ______ this? 10.Whose socks ______ they? 11.That ______ my red skirt.12.Who ______ I?
13.The jeans ______ on the desk.14.Here ______ a scarf for you.15.Here ______ some sweaters for you.16.The black gloves ______ for Su Yang.17.This pair of gloves ______ for Yang Ling....
第五篇:系动词be(am,is,are)用法练习题
一、用am,is,are填空 1.The girl______Jack’s sister.2.The dog_______tall and fat.3.The man with big eyes ______a teacher.4.How _______is your father? 5.Mike and Liu Tao _________at school.6.Whose dress________this? 7.Whose socks________they? 8.That_______my red skirt.9._______your brother in the classroom? 10.-------I _____a boy._______you a boy?------No, I _____not.二、用be的正确形式填空 1.I _____at school just now(刚才).2.He _______at the hotel last week.3.We_______students two years ago.4.They_______on the farm a moment ago(刚才).5.Yang Ling_______eleven years old last year.6.I _____an English teacher now.7.She _____happy yesterday.8.Helen and Nancy _______good friends.9.Look,there ______lots of grapes here.10.There ______some milk in the fridge now.11.There ______an apple on the plate yesterday.12.Here _____some sweaters for you.14.The jeans ______on the desk.15.Today _____the second of June.Yesterday _____the first of June.It _____Children’s Day.All the students ______very excited.