商英1102 十一月工作总结

第一篇：商英1102 十一月工作总结

商英1102 十一月工作总结

一 思想道德表现：、1请假 无 2旷到 无

3提交入党申请书：敖巧林、樊楚云、胡蕾、胡洁、黄倩倩、汪霞、彭青、周亚丽、蔡聪聪、谢荣丽、陈娜、刘伟 4上党校：陈娜、谢荣丽

5寝室受表扬：132寝室在第3、4、5、6、7受表扬 二 文体活动：

1“中国近代史”竞赛：黄倩倩、周亚丽、余津晶、陈思、刘爽、李仪、刘秦、刘伟

2相声小品大赛：李茗、余焱、郑丽、李仪

3湖北师范学院“营销实践大赛”：王兰芳、陈娜、敖巧林 4阳新扫墓：谢荣丽、周飘

5学习部“129征文”刘伟、陈娜、杜小芳、刘秦 6男生节节徽设计：刘爽、阮新月、陆宏伟 7手工艺品：周飘、刘爽、阮新月、陆宏伟 校团体辅导：（一次）刘爽、阮新月、（二次）樊容 9心理游园会：刘爽、阮新月 文明寝室节徽设计：陆宏伟、刘爽、阮新月 11 手语舞：阮新月 12 三字一话 钢笔字（初赛）：杜小芳、李蒙、李茗、郑莉、陈宁 普通话（初赛）：李仪、郑莉（复赛）：李仪 毛笔字（初赛）：郑莉 翻译大赛：余焱、余津晶、敖巧林、郑莉、樊楚云、刘爽、樊容、周飘、李仪、王兰芳、刘秦、彭青、张璇、胡雨轩、陆宏伟、李欢、黄倩倩、胡倩文、钱双燕、李婷婷、马缓、李茗、谢荣丽、胡洁、周亚丽、陈娜、沈啦啦、刘晓君 14 十佳歌手：

选手： 袁丹 组织人：胡雨轩

2012年 12月3日 监委:蔡聪聪

第二篇：商英Q1031十一月团组织生活总结

商英Q1031十一月团组织生活总结——Hold住你的大学

大学丰富多彩，充满了活力和生机，每个人都有不同的大学生活，抑或平凡，抑或浓墨重彩，抑或光环四射······在大学的校园里，我们欣赏着这美丽的风景，享受着我们身边的人和事带给我们的快乐。我们携手走过这美好的大学时光，我们注定在这里相遇，注定要相识、相遇、相知，然后，再到永远······

大学如一个万花筒，放眼望去，一片花海，让人眼花缭乱，作为大学生的我们，你真的hold住了吗？既有学习又有玩乐和生活？

高中时，老师给我们画了一副美好的蓝图，那就是我们的大学，我们向往的天堂。不过我们来了这天堂后，我们有没有hold住啊？hold住你的学习和生活。

学习还是我们的任务，不要抛弃了。作为学生，我们还是要尽力完成我们的学业，这是为我们自己也是为了我们国家的发展。大学就是给我们提供继续深造的机会的，所以我不要浪费，好好珍惜。

大学有很好的学习环境，有宏大的图书馆，有先进的教室，有优秀的教师，所以，我们的任务就是要hold住！

大学犹如一副山水画，持笔人就是你自己，你想怎么过你的生活就掌握在你的手里。你可以把你的画画的美如仙境，也可以一笔败笔让它丧失了所有的价值。所以，下笔要慎重，每一笔

都要恰到好处，让它美到及至，无与伦比。

不过，眼看我们美好的大学就过了一半了，回首过去的一年半，不知我们每个人过的怎样。着眼未来，我们现在的任务就是武装自己，为以后在社会上的发展储备能量。

现在的我们或多或少的都对社会有了一定的了解，因为我们的大学也是半个小社会，我们大概也体验到了吧！我们不仅要hold住我们的大学，更要hold住我们的将来。因为大学和将来有着密切的关联。所以，我们现在有必要为我们的将来考虑一下了。

在丰富的娱乐生活之余，时适的时候多想想自己的将来，多为自己的将来筹划一下。大学或许是我们人生的一个转折点，所以我们要慎重对待，hold住我们的大学，那么我们的未来也有了希望。

大学，很多人也有迷茫的时期，关键是看我们的态度，要有一颗积极向上的心态来面对挫折。当对一个问题找不到答案时，最好的方法就是去图书馆，那里会有你想要的答案。

大学，其实也不是那么轻松的，每个人都要过好你自己。所以，大家千万要hold住啊，hold住生活的方方面面！！

第三篇：商英演讲稿

开场白

Good morning everyone，Thank you for giving me the opportunity to present you the latest model product.First let me introduce ourteam’ members 介绍人~~~Well I will not tell you what products we want to introduce，But I will play a video then you can guess what product we want to introduceOK?（视频放完后，提问）The video is over ,according the video, can you get the answer about what product we want to introduce ?(答对)You can see the clothes swim in the water as the fish,that has proved our company ’ slatest model of washer HWF5300AW can make the clothes more supple and it ‘s always the best seller of this kind.（错）It doesn’t matter,just have a try.Yeah Washing machine.More accurately，This is our latest model of the washer Haier Front –Load Washer.HWF5300AW and it ‘s always the best seller of this kind.As we all know , Washing machines play an important role in our daily life ,especially for the lazy.As for me,I hate washing clothes very much,so washing machine become a good helper for me.Moreover With the help of the washer , we do not spend too much time on washing ,and we can protect our hands from being hurt.In a word，washing machine is very useful.介绍主要的内容

This is a catalog.You can see that my presentation will be divided into six parts.Including Introduction，Why Haier，Energy star，Front-Load，Product Details，Technology.Next , I will explain to you one by one.OKLet’s begin.介绍产品

Firstly , let’s watch a video to know more about the latest model of washer HWF5300AW.Well , the video is over ,and I am sure you have a clear understanding of the product.Now let’s into the next phase. Maybe you will ask Why Haier, well , on the one hand Haier is the number one laundry brand in the world..On the other

hand we are committed to providing customers with sensible options that empower them to live a modern and affordable lifestyle.however, Haier focuses on making the laundry experience better than ever before.That’s why Haier offers more options to meet individual laundry needs. Do you know why the Haier Front –Load Washer HWF5300AW is called Energy Star ?

If you don’t know, never mind, let me tell you.Now please listen to me carefully ,there are five reasons

1.Energy Saver(At Haier , we are dedicated to meeting customer needs through practical innovation for a smarter life and a

better planet)

2.Eco-Friendly(Haier laundry systems are developed with the environment in mind.From water use energy saving

options，we look to reduce water cousumption and energy use，which cuts down on utility bills

3.Green Wash Cycle(Designed to save up to 80﹪ more energy over standard washers without sacrificing

cleaning performance)

4.Energy Star @ Qualified(Energy star qualified clothes washers use over 50﹪ less water and about 37

﹪ less energy than standard top-load washers.5.High Efficiency(HE)(HE detergents are formulate to create less suds and disperse quickly in the rinse

cycle，so they word best with the front load′s dynamic wash action.The 1300 RPM spin speed extracts more water than traditional washers and reduces time in the dryer.Next Front-Load is one of the features ofthe Haier Front –Load Washer HWF5300AW

Compared with others ,Front-Load High-Efficiency washers use less water and energy than traditional Top-Load models.Multiple settings make it so younever waste water or energy on smaller loads.And This is one of the keys for its1

popularity(这就是它这么受欢迎的关键之一)

 If you look at the screen behind me showing a picture of the HWF5300AW and the animation of the

functions , you will see that the washer is white and It ‘ s Width is 125 cm , it ‘ s length 132 cm , and it ‘ s depth is 174cm.OK, now let me move to the next point , the Product Detials（产品具体情况）

The corrosion（腐蚀，铁锈）resistant（抵抗，防腐剂）stainless（不锈的）steel（钢铁）washtub（洗衣盆）uses a tumbling（滚筒）action that is gentler（温和）on your clothes and requires far less water than traditional top-loading agitator（搅拌器）washers.An electronic touch sensitive（灵敏的）control pad makes for incredible（难以置信）ease（舒适）of use and style.Haier’s 5300 series Front-Load Washer is the end to your search for an efficient and eco-friendly washer. Finally , I want to talk about the Technology of the Haier Front –Load Washer HWF5300AW

There are seven points of advantages in the Technology

1.More Options(Haier′s Front-load washer can handle any load from delicate to heavily-stained clothes.The washer is custom programmable for up to 10 combinations of cycles , settings , and options for easy access to your favorite wash programs.2.AutomaticTemperature control(Measures and releases the prefect proportion of hot and cold water

achieve the ideal temperature for any cycle you choose , from extra hot sanitizing wash to energy saving tap cold.3.Sanitary cycle(The internal water heater revs up to this extra hot wash for disinfecting items you

need as germ-free as possible.4.Easy touch controls(Selection are clearly displayed in LED indicator lights on a touch-sensitive

control pad

5.Stainless steel drums(A corrosion-resistant , stainless steel wash basket provides a durable

surface that won′t chip from dropped coins or keys and extra gentle on delicate fabrics.6.Suspension system(The counteractive force ofHaier ′s extra strong suspension design keeps heavy loads

balanced to prevent the wash drum from hitting the inside of unit.It works as a shock absorber , controls tension , and lessens vibration for a quieter wash.7.5 compartment dispenser(Choose from liquid or powder detergent for pre-wash and main , as well

as liquid bleach or liquid optimum wash.That is all.And I hope you can have a clearer picture of the new model---.Haier Front –Load Washer HWF5300AW I am also sure that you now share my enthusiasm for the product and hopefully you will be 100% behind this model.Thank you for your time and attention..

第四篇：商英信函范本

商务英语感谢信如何书写？

感谢信是商务信函中经常出现的题材。商务交往中的应酬较多，受到了邀请，得到了对方热情的款待，或得到了他人的帮助、推荐、介绍，这些情境都需要写感谢信表达真诚的谢意。感谢信应注意一事一谢，篇幅要简短，措辞要自然，语气要诚恳。

写感谢信的自我检查注意点：

1．开头：简述写此信的目的是为了感谢某事（如感谢热心的款待、活动的精心组织或推荐起到了很关键的作用等）；

2．主要部分：特别指出由于对方的帮助，使自己所受到益处； 3．

结尾：表达希望继续合作、保持联络的愿望或有机会报答对方的承诺等。

英语感谢信范文一(Salutation)

Despite our pressing need for delivery and a lot of troubles caused to your loading work, at the last minute the ____(product's name)has been dispatched successfully.We appreciate so much your intense devotion to work and the firm stance of bearing clients' interest in mind and will understand if you would ask for some compensation accordingly.We are very grateful for all you have done for us and would like to recommend you to other companies.(Complimentary Close)英语感谢信范文二

（称谓）

我再次感谢您在此次法律纠纷中的支持和投入的精力。

我几乎无法表达这次胜诉我有多高兴。正如您所知，当时我的前途受到威胁。

我肯定会向我的熟人和朋友广泛地推荐您。

（结尾敬辞）

(Salutation)

I wish to express my gratitude once again to you for your generous support and great effort exerted in this legal dispute.I could hardly express my joyfulness about the victory of the lawsuit, which you are quite aware of, otherwise, would have caused great danger to my future.I will certainly recommend you widely to my acquaintances and friends.(Complimentary Close)如何书写一封英语邀请信？

邀请信可分为正式邀请信与非正式邀请信。通常应根据被邀请人的身份、亲疏关系来决定邀请信的语气和措辞。

写邀请信的自我检查注意点：

1．开头：简述将要举办的活动（如午餐会、晚宴、聚会、婚礼、生日庆祝，会议等）,点明举办此次活动的原由；

2．主要部分：邀请对方参加此次活动；详细说明活动的时间、地点、程序，如还有重要人物出席，可在邀请信中提及； 3．

结尾：表达希望被邀请人届时出席的愿望。

英语邀请信范文一

(Salutation)

Today we take as a special pleasure to have your company at our celebration for the opening of ____(place)branch shop.We hope that we could share this celebration with you and invite you to visit our shop to taste some delicious wine.You are warmly welcomed to visit us on ____(date), from ____(time A)to ____(time B).If your friends and acquaintances also take interest in our products, all of them are welcome.Looking forward to your visit.(Complimentary Close)英语邀请信范文二

(Salutation)

____(Date A)is my ____(figure)birthday, for which I would like to have a celebration and invite you and your wife to attend.Small cookies will be served on ____(date B)at ____(time A)and “real party” starts from ____(time)at restaurant ____.I would appreciate it if you could let me know of your decision before ____(date).(Complimentary Close)英语邀请信范文三

（称谓）

节日的氛围和令人愉悦的环境正适合专业人士聚会。我们十分重视如您一般的专业人士来访。我们的合作公司——这次展示的举办者十分高兴邀请您来参加于____（日期）____（时间）的聚会。

这个夜晚信息将非常丰富，您将经历一次简短的____（产品名称）演示，然后品评试用，并由我们的客服小组讲解全部的销售支持。您来吗？我们期待您能度过一个美好的晚上。

（结尾敬辞）(Salutation)

Festival moods and pleasant surroundings are just the best for professionals gathering.We always value so much a visit by professionals like you.The host for this show, our partner as well is very glad to have your company at the reception on ____(date)at ____(time).This night will be filled with an abundance of information.After watching a new-product, ____(product's name)presentation, you may have a trial taste and be briefed on the whole sales assistances by our Service Team.Will you be able to come? We look forward to spending a wonderful night with you.(Complimentary Close)

怎样写一封英语产品推介信？

推介信是产品推广的一种方式，推介信分三类：直销信、零售信和促销信。邮递是推介信传统的投递方式；传真则费用低，效率高；随着互联网的迅速发展，电子邮件也被广泛采用。

在写英文推介信时除了注意英文语言语法方面的问题外，还应自我检查以下几点：

1． 开头：引起阅件人注意； 2．

主要部分：唤起阅件人的兴趣；指出所推销的产品或服务；介绍产品或服务的优点；展示能使阅件人信服的推荐材料、媒体报导或资质证明等；

3．结尾：提供其他信息；指明进一步的联系的方式；利用附言重复重要内容。

英语产品推介信范文一

范文摘要：圣诞节来临之际向客户推荐产品。(Salutation)

We are marching with big steps towards the best time of the year: Christmas with surprises and the New Year's Eve with candle lights and sweet cookies.Are you racking your brain to find a special gift for yourself or for your best friend? We give ourselves this opportunity to recommend to you a special ____(product's name)for the occasion.Originating from ____(area), ____(product's name)has received market recognition based on its elegant design and confirmed high quality.Wish you enjoy the preparation time and gifts of the celebration!

(Complimentary Close)

英语产品推介信范文二

范文摘要：主动介绍新产品，报价，寄样品。(Salutation)

May we offer you a new type of ____(product's name)we have recently developed?

The unit price is USD___(figure)and the minimum order is ____(quantity A).You will be allowed a ____% discount for an order of ____(quantity B)or more.A sample is coming to you separately by air mail.We hope you will kindly examine the sample and put in an order soon.(Complimentary Close)问：我进公司两个多月了,起码也发了一百封开发信,可是几乎都象石沉大海一样,我很困惑,不知道是不是自己的开发信定得不好,不够吸引人,引不起人阅读的兴趣来?措辞方面一定也有不当.我很想请各位过来人指点一下,一般第一次写给客户的开发信，应该如何措辞? 要写得详细些好还是简单明了些好?标题应该用什么才不致于被人当作垃圾邮件删掉呢?

回答1：

Dear Mr.Jones:

We understand from your information posted on Alibaba.com that you are in the market

for textiles.We would like to take this opportunity to introduce our company and products，with the hope that we may work with Bright Ideas Imports in the future.We are a joint venture specializing in the manufacture and export of textiles.We have

enclosed our catalog, which introduces our company in detail and covers the main products

we supply at present.You may also visit our online company introduction

at Http://xxxxxxxxxx.alibaba.com which includes our latest product line.Should any of these items be of interest to you, please let us know.We will be

happy to give

you a quotation upon receipt of your detailed requirements.We look forward to receiving your enquires soon.Sincerely，John Roberts

回答2：商务信函写作要点

写作商务信函并不要求您使用华丽优美的词句。所有您需要做的就是，用简单朴实的语言，准确的表达自己的意思，让对方可以非常清楚的了解您想说什么。围绕这一点，我们总结了几方面的内容，希望对您写作商务信函有借鉴作用。

每一封信函的往来，都是您跟收信人彼此之间的一次交流。人都是感性的，所以您需要在您的信函里体现感性的一面。然而很多人都有一种误解，以为写作商务信函就应该用一种特殊的“生意腔”，于是把一封本来应该是热情而友好的信函写得呆板而死气沉沉。他们宁愿写“Your letter has been received”，“Your complaint is being looked into”而不是“I have received your letter”或者“We are looking into your complaint”。其实我们简单的来理解一下，每次信函的往来不就是跟对方进行了一次交谈吗？只不过是把交谈的内容写到了纸上而已。多用一些简单明了的语句，用我/我们做主语，这样才能让我们的信函读起来热情，友好，就象两个朋友之间的谈话那样简单，自然，人性化。

想象一下，如果您由于无法准时交货而在电话上跟您的合作伙伴表示歉意时，您会怎么说？我想您会说“I am sorry we cannot deliver the goods today”。既然在电话中您会这样说，为什么在信件中要改成“It is regretted that goods cannot be delivered today”？放弃这种所谓的“生意腔”吧，让您的信也象谈话那样简单，自然，人性化。

由于您写的信函都是有其目的性的，所以您信函里所采用的语气语调也应该符合您的目的。在写之前先不妨仔细考虑一下，您写这封信函是想达到一个什么样的目的，您希望对收信人产生一种怎样的影响呢？是歉意的，劝说性的，还是坚决的，要求性的。这完全可以通过信函中的语气语调来表现。

不管是生活中的交往还是生意上的合作，真诚是最重要也是最基础的，所以您的信函也必须能够充分体现您的真诚。不管说什么，都要带着您的诚意去说。把写好的信函拿起来读一遍，确保如果此时对方正在电话中与您通话，他一定能够感受到您的自然和真诚。

跟您一样，您的合作伙伴们每天都要阅读大量信函文件。所以，信函一定要写得简明扼要，短小精悍，切中要点。如果是不符合主题或者对信函的目的不能产生利益的内容，请毫不留情的舍弃它们。因为这些内容不仅不能使交流通畅，反而会混淆视听，非但不能让读者感兴趣，反而会让他们恼火，产生反感。

我们这里所说的礼貌，并不是简单用一些礼貌用语比如your kind inquiry, your esteemed order等就可以的。而是要体现一种为他人考虑，多体谅对方心情和处境的态度。如果本着这样的态度去跟别人交流，那么就算您这次拒绝了对方的要求，也不会因此失去这个朋友，不会影响今后合作的机会。

特别要注意，当双方观点不能统一时，我们首先要理解并尊重对方的观点。如果对方的建议不合理或者对您的指责不公平时，请表现一下您的高姿态，您可以据理力争，说明您的观点，但注意要讲究礼节礼貌，避免用冒犯性的语言。

还要提醒一点，中国人有句话叫做“过犹不及”。任何事情，一旦过了头，效果反而不好。礼貌过了头，可能会变成阿谀奉承，真诚过了头，也会变成天真幼稚。所以最关键的还是要把握好“度”，才能达到预期的效果。

就象前面提到的，要用简洁朴实的语言来写信函，让您的信函读起来简单，清楚，容易理解。用常见的单词，避免生僻或者拼写复杂的单词。一个单词可以表达，就不要用词组。多用短句，因为短句更容易理解。少用“and”，“but”，“however”，“consequently”这些让句子变得冗长的连词。在同一封信函里，不要使用多个相同含义的单词。比如，您前面写了“goods have been sent”，那后面再提到这件事时就不要再用其他单词如“forward”“dispatch”等。因为这样写会误导您的读者无谓地去考虑这些词之间是否另有含义。

当涉及到数据或者具体的信息时，比如时间，地点，价格，货号等等，尽可能做到精确。这样会使交流的内容更加清楚，更有助于加快事务的进程。

请在邮件中写上对方公司的名称，或者在信头直接称呼收件人的名字。这样会让对方知道这封邮件是专门给他的，而不是那种群发的通函，从而表示对此的重视。当然，如果您无法确定收信人的名字，那就在称呼一栏里写“Dear Sirs” or “Dear Sir or Madam”。

前面我们说过，商务信函不需要用华丽的词句。根据西方的语言习惯，他们更愿意使用简练而朴实的语言。所以当我们跟西方人进行商务沟通时，也要尽量避免华丽复杂的词句。比如“We look forward to a bright and glorious future of cooperation”，就不如直接写成“We hope to have the opportunity to work together with you in the future.”，这样才更加符合西方人的语言习惯。

给买家的回复，千万要迅速及时。因为买家通常只看最先收到的几封回复，从中去选择合适的供应商。如果您的回复不够及时，就可能因为抢不到先机而失去商机。

这一点是特别针对写电子邮件的。也许很多人都没有意识到，事实上，E-mail的标题是很重要的一个部分，您的邮件给对方的第一个印象就是通过标题来完成的。如果标题没有内容，看起来象群发的垃圾邮件的话，很多买家就会直接删除。比如这样的标题“How are you?”，“Can we work together?”，建议您改成“Proposal: Bright Ideas Imports--Zhejiang Textile’s Partnership Opportunity”或者“Introduction: Our Product Offerings for Bright Ideas Imports.”这样您的邮件会显得更加专业。

写完之后，一定要检查。最基本是要确保拼写和语法正确，然后检查一下您所提供的事实，数据等是否有错。我们都会犯错，但即使在您的信函里有一个极小的失误，也可能会破坏您在沟通方面的可信度，并使人对您表达的其他信息投下怀疑的阴影。

回答3：

可能你的prospects都不感兴趣吧，这种情况好多人都遇到的。第一次给人家写信，正规的格式还是应该有的，尤其是英国的客人。首先要说明来意，包括你通过什么途径知道他们公司和地址的,这一点很重要，不要让人家觉得你来路不明，否则第一印象就大打折扣了。其次，突出重点，简单介绍你的公司，不要罗里罗嗦的，如果你们有自己的网站，告诉他网址，他可以仔细看。最后注意一下信尾的敬语，虽然外国人对中国人的英语要求不会高，但是写得地道一点印象也自然会好一点。

除了上面的写信技巧外，我想发出去的信没有回头也可能有网络的原因，因为国外好多国家都对中国的IP地址发过去的邮件全都当垃圾邮件处理，你的邮件对方可能根本没收到就被对方的服务器删掉了，这个你就要查查你的网络服务商的邮箱系统是否是可靠的。

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第五篇：商英问答

U5

1.Four criteria for making investment decisions income growthsafetyliquidity

2.Structure of Financial Markets Primary MarketSecondary Market Organized Securities Exchanges

Over-the-Counter Markets

3.The Investment Portfolio

A major concern is diversification.One way to diversify is by investing in securities from

unrelated industriesAnother way is by investing in securities from other

．

countrieswith higher returns from faster，which can balance lower returns in one country

—growing areas． Unit6

1.what are the relationship between the world and the volume of international tradeSlower world economic output slows the volume of？

international trade2.why international trade take place?，and higher output spurs greater trade.（trade?Why it is costly for a country to engage in international Competition from abroad）

Asset movement

Exchange rate fluctuation

Risks(Political, economic, …)3.please illustrate the economic benefits that international

trade brings to people.to engage in international trade?（Why it is beneficial for a country Opens doors to new entrepreneurial opportunity）

Provides a greater choice of goods andAn important engine for job creation 4.how does Ricardo

services differ from the theory of absolute advantage?

’s theory of comparative advantage A person has an absolute advantage over another if that person

A person has a comparative advantage over another if that personthan the other person’5.why certain nations specialize in producing products or ’s opportunity cost（比较机会成本）commodities?

6.why were Leontief paradoxical?

‘s empirical results considered to be Factor proportion theory considers a countryfactors to be homogeneous 7.will you name some international business methods? –particularly labor.’s production What are their main advantages?

International trade(a relatively conservative approach to penetrate markets, or to obtain supplies at a low cost.minimal risk), licensing(Helps the home firm since it does not have to set up

a complete production and distribution network.), franchising ,joint ventures(Can improve the image, risks.Access to important local information without the costshare costs and of buying a company), acquisitions of existing operation, establishing new foreign

subsidiaries.8.How did countries implement mercantilism?  It asserts that it is in a country’s best

interest to maintain a trade surplus, to  export more than it imports.It advocates government intervention to

achieve a surplus in the balance of trade.Tariffs It acquired less-developed territories to

Quotas

serve as sources of inexpensive raw

materials and as market for higher—

finished goods

priced 9.Factor proportions can be impacted by

1.2.3.trade barriershuman resource natural resources

10.Licensing costs much lesser in terms of the initial investment and ongoing charges.A franchising business may require you to pay royalty every time a profit is made, a licensing opportunity does not demand such an expense.11.Joint Ventures Can improve the image,and risks

share costs

 Access to important local information

without the cost of buying a company

 Need to share control with the local

12.Acquisitions of Existing Operations partners

 full control over their foreign businesses

and to quickly obtain a large portion offoreign market share



investment and operation risks partial international acquisitions are13.Establishing New Foreign Subsidiaries safer than full international acquisitions

 Operations can be adjusted exactly to

 satisfy the firm’s needs

Less investment amount reap the rewards after a comparatively

long time

Unit7

1.what are the arguments of the governments to intervene international trade?

Protecting jobs, preserving national security, responding to other nationInfant industry argument, protection of national identity.s’ unfair trade practice.2.what are the government policies that may enhance trade?

Subsidies 3.what are the major methods used by the governments to,exporting financing , foreign trade zones.restrict international trade?

Tariff content requirements, currency controls.non-tariff barriers such as quotas, embargoes, local 4.what are purpose of the governments to levy tariffs upon goods imported or exported?

Tariffs are a way of protecting domestic producers of a product.Tariffs are a source of government revenue.5.what round of negotiation?

achievements did GATT make in the Uruguay Further reduce barriers to merchandise trade, the negotiations modified the original GATT treaty in several important ways.Agreements on services, intellectual property , and agricultural subsidies were achieved.6.what are the main goals of To help the free flow of trade , to help negotiate furtherWTO?

opening of markets, and to settle trade disputes between its members.7.Methods of Promoting Trade

Subsidies

Export FinancingForeign Trade Zones Unit 8

1.What information can we get from a country's balance of payments?

imports, tourist expenditures, purchases and sales of shippingThese transactions include merchandise exports and

and insurance services, interest and dividends received or paid abroad, purchases and sales of financial or real assets aboard, and so on.2.In what circumstances does a country have a balance of payments deficit,and balance of payments surplus?

a trade deficit.If the debits exceed the credits,then the country is runninga trade surplus.If the credits exceed the debits,then the country is running 3.How can a large balance-of-payments surplus contribute to the country's inflation rate?

4.What are factors that may affect the balance of trade?international trade imbalances;it is possible a country'sIt is possible to a floating exchange rate could correct any currency will remain stable or appreciate even when it has a balance of trade deficit.5.Is weak home currency a perfect solution to its balance of trade?

foreign competition in response to exchange rate

No.Because: 1 the possibility of a revised pricing policy by movements,2 currency of some other countries may have also weakened,3 international trade transactions are prearranged and cannot be immediately adjusted.6.Why a Weak Home Currency Is Not a Perfect Solution?

 The possibility of a revised pricing policy

by foreign competition in response to exchange rate movements．

 Currencies of some other countries may

have also weakened. International trade transactions are

prearranged and cannot be immediately adjusted．

7.A credit records a transaction reducing assets or increasing liabilities.贷方记录资产的减少，负债的增加。

A credit arises from the sale of goods, or reserve assets and reflects inflows of funds.A debit records a transaction increasing assets or reducing liabilities.A debit arises from the purchase of goods, or reserve assets and reflects outflows of funds.8.Correcting a Balance of Trade Deficit

A deficit in a country’s balance of wade suggests that the country is spending a greater amount of funds on foreign products than it is receiving from exports to foreign countries

U9.Under a floating rate system

 Appreciation Depreciation

Under a fixed rate system

Revaluation

Devaluation

2.The importer can reduce the exchange rate risk in many

ways:

 The importer might choose to buy the

 foreign currency on the transaction day.The importer simply wait until the funds

are needed and then purchase them in  the spot marketThe importer buy the foreign currency

．

forward for delivery on the Value Day．

3.The Monetary Approach

• A loose monetary policy : high domestic

inflation and an depreciating currency

• A tight monetary policy : low domestic

inflation and an appreciating currency

u10.1.It is important to identify the major problems that exporters often face: ．

develop a master international marketing plan before Failure to obtain qualified export counseling and to starting an export business

． ．overcome the initial difficulties and financial

Insufficient commitment by top management to requirements of exportingselecting overseas agents or distributors．3．Insufficient care in

．market booms ．Neglecting the export business when the domestic

．basis with their domestic counterparts.．Failure to treat international distributors on an equalcountries．Unwillingness to modify products to meet other

’regulations or cultural preferencesin locally understood languages．Failure to print service，sales

．，and warranty messagescompany or other marketing intermediary when the．Failure to consider using of all export management company does not have the personnel to handle specialized export functions.2.To establish a successful export strategymust，management  ： Assess the companyexamining its opportunities and resources’s export potential by

． Obtain expert counseling on exporting．

 3.E-commerceSelect a market or marketsFormulate and implement an export strategy． ． is easy to start

it provides faster and cheaper delivery of，informationit provides quick feedback on new products，it helps to improve customer service，it is available to a global audience，it helps establish electronic data interchange，(EDI)with both suppliers and customers．

3..There are two basic types of imports:

(1)those that provide industrial and consumer goods and services to individuals and companies that are not related to the foreign experter,and(2)those that provide intermidiate goods and services to companies that are part of the firm’s global supply chain.4..those documents are of two different types :

(1)those that determine whether customs will release the shipment ,and(2)those that contain information for duty assessment and statistical purposes.