第一篇：八年级下学期英语新课标GO FOR IT Unit5知识要点
八年级下Unit5 复习要点
1.have a great/ good / nice time==have fun==enjoy oneself
过得很愉快
(+doing sth)2.wear jeans to the party 穿牛仔裤参加聚会
3.let sb.in / out / by 让某人进来/出去/过去
let sb do sth 4.half(of)the class 半班
5.organize a party/ picnic 组织一次聚会、野餐
organize the party games组织聚会活动 6.take away… 把…拿走、没收
take it/them away代词放中间
bring sth.to …
把某物带到某处来…
take sth.from … 从某处把某物带走
7.a good time to do sth 做某事的好时候
8.the rules for the school parties 学校聚会的规定
9.become a professional athlete 职业运动员
become a lawyer成为一名律 become famous(for…)(因…而)出名
be famous as…
作为…而出名
10.get injured(in the accident)
(在事故中)受伤 11.a great chance（to do sth）
一次（做某事的）好机会
12.get an education受教育
13.complain about sth.抱怨某事
complain that +从句 14.decide to do sth.= make a decision to do 决定做某事
15.in order to do sth.以便、为了
in order that + 目的状语从句 = so that
in order 整齐、有条理、正常
in the order of …以。。的顺序 16.talk on the phone 讲电话
go to the party参加聚会
17.travel around the world
环球旅行
people all over the world 全世界的人 18.school clean-up学校的扫除
19.be against(doing sth)反对（做某事）be against the law违反法律
20.mobile phone移动电话 serious consequence严重的后果
21.improve my English 提高我的英语
keep sb.out不让某人进入
22.want you to remember the rules for the party想让你记住聚会的规则
23.bring friends from other schools 带其他学校的朋友来
20.ask them to leave叫他们 离开
ask / tell sb(not)to do 21.during the party 在聚会期间
at the party 在聚会上 22.go to college 上大学
go to the university 23.make a living(by)doing sth.做某事谋生
24.make a lot of money挣许多钱
give money to charities 捐款给慈善机构 25.make life difficult给生活带来麻烦
26.seem likea dream job似乎像是个理想职业
27.will be able to do 将能够做
28.follow sb.everywhere到处追随着你
29.all the time一直
30.play sports for a living = play sports to make a living = make a living by playing sports靠体育运动来谋生
31.have a difficult time(in)doing
做某事很费力、很难
32.in fact事实上
33.get enough exercise进行足够的锻炼
34.begin…with….以….开始…..三.重点句子
1.I think I’ll ride my bike.If you do, you’ll be late.2.I think I’m going to stay at home.If you do, you’ll be sorry.3.When is a good time to have the party? If they have the party today, half the class won’t come.4.I want you to remember the rules for school parties.5.For many young people, becoming a professional athlete might seem like a dream job.6.If you become a professional athlete, you’ll be able to make a living doing something you love.7.If you are famous, people will watch you all the time and follow you everywhere.8.If you become rich, you’ll have a difficult time knowing who your real friends are.9.In fact, many famous people complain that they are not happy.四.重点语法: 由if引导的条件状语从句
if用做连词时，可以表示“如果；假如”，用来引导一个条件状语从句。
在主句和条件状语从句中的动词都表示将来的动作时，主句中常用一般将来时，但从句中常用一般现在时,即主将从现。（时间状语从句也有此规则）eg.(1)We will come to see you if we have time.(2)He won’t be able to pass the exam if he doesn’t work hard.(3)Please ask him to come to me if you see him.（主祈从现句）(4)You can call me if you are in trouble.(主情从现句)比较if 引导宾语从句的用法：表示”是否”的意思
Eg: I don’t know if Mr Smith will come to our school.(是否)
---I’m not sure if he will come to my party.(是否)---If he comes, so will his wife.(如果)有时可使用并列的祈使句来表达条件句
Eg: Hurry up, and you will arrive on time.= If you hurry up, you’ll arrive on time.Hurry up, or you’ll be late.= If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late.五.知识点讲解
1.If you wear jeans, we won’t let you in.如果你穿牛仔装，我们将不让你进去。
1）jeans“牛仔裤”，总是复数名词，表示一条牛仔裤时用a piece of jeans.类似的词还有：shorts, pants, trousers, glasses等。（2）let表示让某人做某事，让某事发生时，后面跟省略“to”的动词不定式或某些副词。
eg.Let him in at once.Her father won’t let her go out at night.You’d better open the windows and let some flesh air in.2.If you become a professional soccer player, you’ll never go to college.如果你成为一名职业球员，你将永远不能上大学。
go to college意思是“上大学” go to the college意思是“去那个大学”
类似的词组有go to school / go to the school；go to church/ go to the church
3.If you do, the teacher will ask them to leave.如果你这么做，老师会叫他们离开。
ask sb.to do请求某人做某事 eg.He asked us to clean the room quickly.The students asked the teacher to tell the story again.ask sb.for sth.向某人要某物 eg.It’s not good to ask parents for money.I If you want more food, you can ask the waiter for more.4.（1）make a lot of money意为“赚很多钱”（2）make a living意为“谋生”
（3）make life difficult使生活很困难 make....+ adj结构意为“使……怎么样” make the room clean.（4）make sb do sth使某人做某事
eg.He made us finish the job in two hours.（5）make it＋形容词＋to do sth.eg.We will make it easier to do this in this way.5.I’ll be able to help people.我将会帮助人们。be able to与can作为情态动词，两者都可表示能力，意为“会，能够” be able to与can的主要区别是：
（1）can侧重表示“客观的可能性，请求或许可” eg.Can I help you? We can eat fruit to keep healthy.（2）be able to强调靠聪明、才干、奋斗等把过去某项困难克服或完成。
eg.We’ll be able to make money when we grow up.He wasn’t able to walk until he was seven.“be able to”的时态要比“can”的时态多，并且be able to可用于不定式或动名词短语中，can不能。
eg.I hope I will be able to write a story.He enjoyed being able to swim in the river.6.and do a lot of work to help people.做大量的工作帮助人们。work为“工作”之意时，是不可数名词，请区分work与job。eg.he has many part-time jobs.I’m sorry that I have too much work to do.7.And if you become rich, you’ll have a difficult time knowing who your real friends are.如果你变得有钱了，你将很难知道谁是你真正的朋友。
have a difficult time（in）doing sth.做……很难
对比have a hard time with sth在……方面感到困难
eg.I had a difficult time in dealing with the matter.He had a hard time with computer.
第二篇：新目标英语八年级上下册知识要点
[人教版]新目标英语八年级上册知识要点
Unit 1
How often do you exercise? 重点语法：频率副词
询问别人做某事的频繁程度
提问用 How often 引导特殊疑问句
回答用 always, sometimes, twice a day 等频率副词。
例句：A: How often do you watch TV?(你多长时间看一次电视？)
B: I watch TV every day.(我每天都看电视。)
A: What's your favorite program?(你最喜欢的节目是什么？)
B: It's Animal World.(是《动物世界》。)
A: How often do you watch it?(你多长时间看一次这个节目？)主要频率副词的等级排序：
always(总是)> usually(通常)> often(经常)> sometimes(有时)> hardly ever(很少)> never(从不)隔一段时间做某事数次用 数词 + 时间间隔 的结构构成。如：
once a week 一周一次(“一次”用特殊词 once)
twice a day 一天两次(“两次”用特殊词 twice)
three times a month 一个月三次(三次或三次以上用 基数词 + times 的结构构成)
four times a year 一年四次 重点短语：how often 多久一次
be good for 对……有益
as for 至于；关于
be good for one's health 有益健康
how many 多少（针对可数名词）
try to do sth.尝试做某事
how much 多少（针对不可数名词）
get good grades 取得好成绩
of course = sure 当然；确信
help sb.[to] do sth.帮助某人做某事
look after = take care of = care for 照顾；照看
kind of 有点
a lot of = lots of = plenty of 许多；大量
want [sb.] to do sth.想要（某人）做某事
every day 每一天
keep in good health 保持健康
every night 每晚
No two men think alike.人心各异。
hardly ever 几乎不 Unit 2
What's the matter? 重点语法：询问别人如何感觉
了解人体器官和部位的英文名称
了解一些常见病的英文名称
告诉别人应该怎样做和不应该怎样做
例句：A: What's the matter?(怎么了？)
B: I'm not feeling well.(我感觉不舒服。)I have a cold.(我感冒了。)
A: When did it start?(什么时候开始的？)B: About two days ago.(大约两天前开始的。)
A: Oh, that's too bad.(哦，这很糟糕。)You should lie down and rest.(你应该躺下休息。)
B: Yes, I think so.(是的，我是这么认为的。)
A: I hope you feel better soon.(祝你早日康复。)重点短语： have a cold 患感冒
shouldn't = should not
be stressed out 紧张的；有压力的a few 有些；几个（针对可数名词）
a little [bit] 有些；几个（针对不可数名词）
at the moment 此刻；现在
What's the matter? = What's wrong? = What's
the problem? 怎么了？
lie down and rest 躺下休息
see a doctor 看病
hope to do sth.希望做某事
listen to 听
for example 举个例子
be good for 对……有益
it's + adj.+ [for sb.] + to do sth.做某事（对某人来
说）……（加形容词）
get tired 感到疲倦
stay healthy 保持健康
give sb.sth.= give sth.to sb.把某物给某人
need to do sth.需要做某事
Unit 3
What are you doing for vacation? 重点语法：用现在进行时态表示一般将来时态
强调某个动作已经计划好即将按照计划去执行
例句：A: What are you doing for vacation, Lin Hui?(林辉，放假准备干什么呢？)
B: I'm going to Tibet for a week.(我要去西藏旅游一周。)
A: That sounds interesting!(这听起来很有趣。)What are you doing there?(你去那里准备干些什么事？)
B: I'm going hiking in the mountains.(我准备上山徒步旅行。)How about you, Tony?(你呢，托尼？)What are you doing for vacation?(你放假准备干些什么呢？)
A: I'm visiting my friend in Hong Kong.(我要去拜访我在香港的朋友。)
B: Oh yeah?(是吗？)How long are you staying?(你要去多久啊？)
A: Just for four days.(只去四天。)I don't like going away for too long.(我不想远走太长时间。)
B: Well, have a good time!(祝你旅途愉快！)Send me a postcard from Hong Kong!(记得从香港寄一张明信片回来！)
A: Sure.Show me your photos when we get back to school.(当然。当我们再回学校的时候，再看看你的照片。)重点短语：how long 多久
get back = come back 回来
take a vacation = have a vacation 去度假
a lot = very much 很；非常
be going to do sth.将要去做某事
sound + adj.听起来……（加形容词）
sound like + n.听起来像……（加名词）
have a good time = have fun = enjoy oneself 玩得愉快
show sb.sth.= show sth.to sb.把某物给某人看
want to do sth.= would like to do sth.想要做某事
plan to do sth.计划做某事
spend sometime [in] doing sth.花时间做某事
need to do sth.需要做某事
ask sb.about sth.询问某人某方面的事情
go shopping 去购物
leave for 离开去某地
Unit 4
How do you get to school? 重点语法：询问别人做某事的方式
用 How 引导特殊疑问句
其回答有多种方式，其中一种结构是 by doing sth.或 by sth.的结构。
询问两地的距离用 how far 引导特殊疑问句
回答用 be +(distance)+ [away] + from 的结构。
例句：A: How do you get to school?(你如何去上学？)
B: I take the subway.(我乘地铁去上学。)
A: How far is it from your home to school?(从家到学校多远？)
B: It's three miles.(有三英里远。)
A: How long does it take you to get from home to school?(从家到学校需要花多长时间？)
B: It takes 25 minutes.(要花 25 分钟。)重点短语：by bus = take the bus 乘公共汽车
how far 多远
depend on 依赖于
by boat = take the boat 乘船
look at 看
by train = take the train 乘火车
by bike = ride one's bike 骑车
by subway =take the subway 乘地铁
by plane = take the plane 乘飞机
on foot 走路
get up 起床
have breakfast 吃早饭
leave for somewhere 离开去某地
take sb.to somewhere 带某人去某地
half an hour = thirty minutes 半小时（三十分钟）
around the world = all over the world 全世界
get to school 到学校
think of 认为
on weekend 在周末
Unit 5
Can you come to my party? 重点语法：询问并请求某人做某事
例句：A: Hey, Dave.(你好，戴夫。)Can you go to the movies on Saturday?(周六你能去看电影吗？)
B: I'm sorry, I can't.(对不起，我不能去。)I have too much homework this weekend.(这个周末我有太多作业要做。)
A: That's too bad.(这太糟了。)Maybe another time.(只好等下一次了。)
B: Sure, Joe.(当然，乔。)Thanks for asking.(谢谢你的邀请。)重点短语：the day after tomorrow 后天
the day before yesterday 前天
come over 来访
study for a test 复习迎考
go to the doctor = see the doctor 看病
have to 不得不；必须（强调客观上）
must 不得不；必须（强调主观上）
help sb.with sth.= help sb.[to] do sth.帮助某人做某事
Unit 6
I'm more outgoing than my sister.重点语法：在两件或多件事物中进行比较
使用形容词的比较级和最高级
通常形容词的比较级是在形容词后加-er(以e结尾的单词直接加r，闭音节辅音字母结尾双写辅音字母加-er)的结构构成，最高级是在形容词前加 the，形容词后加-est(以e结尾的单词直接加st，闭音节辅音字母结尾双写辅音字母加-est)的结构构成。(eg/ big → bigger → the biggest 形容词 big 的原级、比较级和最高级；small → smaller → the smallest 形容词 small 的原级、比较级和最高级)
当一个单词有3个或以上音节时，其比较级是在形容词前加 more 的结构，其最高级是在形容词前加 the most 的结构构成。(eg/ expensive → more expensive → the most expensive 形容词 expensive 的原级、比较级和最高级；outgoing → more outgoing → the most outgoing 形容词 outgoing 的原级、比较级和最高级)例句：A: Lin Ping is my friend.(Lin Ping 是我的朋友。)She's a little more outgoing than me.(她比我性格要活泼开朗一些。)
B: My friend is the same as me.(我的朋友跟我一样。)We are both quiet.(我们都很静。)
A: Do you look the same?(你们长相相像吗？)
B: No, I'm a little taller than her.(不，我比她高一点。)重点短语：more than 超出……
in common 共同的
be good at = do well in 在某方面做得好
most of 大多数
in some ways 在某些方面
the same as 与……一样
make sb.+ adj.让某人（感觉）……（加形容词）
stop doing sth.停止做某事
too much + n.太多（针对不可数名词）
too many + n.太多（针对可数名词）
much too + adj.太……（加形容词）
go to the movies 看电影
practice doing sth.练习做某事
thanks for [doing] sth.为（做）某事而感谢
go to the dentist 看牙医
be going to do sth.将要做某事（该事已计划好）
will do sth.将要做某事（该事尚未计划）
keep quiet 保持安静
stop to do sth.停止当前做的事去做另一件事
begin with 以……开始
each other 互相
enjoy oneself = have fun = have a good time 玩得高兴
spend sometime [in] doing sth.= spend
sometime on sth.花时间做某事
plan to do sth.计划做某事
on a farm 在农场
Unit 7
How do you make a banana milk shake? 重点语法：描述一个过程
服从别人的指令
询问做某事的过程用 how 引导特殊疑问句
分步回答用 first(首先), next(接着), then(然后), finally(最后)等时间副词引导从句。例句：A: How do you make fruit salad?(如何做水果沙拉？)
B: First cut up three bananas, three apples and a watermelon.(首先切三个香蕉、三个苹果和一个西瓜。)Next put the fruit in a bowl.(接下来把水果放到一个碗里。)Then put in two teaspoons of honey and a cup of yogurt.(然后放入两勺蜂蜜和一杯酸奶。)Finally mix it all up.(最后将它们放在一起搅拌。)重点短语：turn on 打开（电器）[闭合开关]
turn off 关闭（电器）[断开开关]
cut up 切碎
mix up 混合
add...to...把……加到……上
pour...into...把……浇到……里面
put...in...把……放到……里面
put...on...把……放到……上面
a cup of 一杯
a teaspoon of 一勺
Unit 8
How was your school trip? 重点语法：一般过去时态
结构：主语 + 谓语动词的过去式 + 宾语
谈论过去发生的事情用一般过去时态
do/does 的一般过去时态形式：did 例句：Last week I visited my aunt's house.(上个星期我去我姑姑家玩了。)She lives in California.(她住在加利福尼亚州。)The weather was beautiful.(那儿的天气很好。)I went swimming.(我去游泳了。)重点短语：hang out 闲逛
a day off 一整天
sleep late 睡过头
go for a drive 开车兜风
take photos = take pictures 照相
have fun doing sth.做某事很愉快
have a great time = have fun = enjoy oneself 玩得高兴
a bowl of 一碗
at the end of 在……的尽头
help sb.[to] do sth.帮助某人做某事
the class monitor 班长
一些不规则动词的原形和过去式：hang → hung
buy → bought
sleep → slept
read/ri:d/ → read/red/
Unit 9
When was he born? 重点语法：一般过去时态
谈论著名人物 例句：A: How long did Charles Smith hiccup?(查理斯·史密斯打嗝了多长时间？)
B: He hiccupped for 69 years and 5 months.(他打嗝了 69 年零 5 个月。)
A: When did he start hiccupping?(他什么时候开始打嗝的？)
B: He started in 1922.(他从 1922 年就开始打嗝了。)
A: When did he stop hiccupping?(他什么时候停止打嗝的？)
B: He stopped in 1990.(他到 1990 年才停止打嗝。)重点短语：too...to...太……以致不能……
take part in = join 参加
because of 因为……
major in 主修；专研
start doing sth.开始做某事（该事已计划好）
start to do sth.开始做某事（该事尚未计划）
spend sometime with sb.花时间和某人在一起
spend sometime [in] doing sth.= spend sometime on sth.花时间做某事
see sb.do sth.看见某人做某事（强调全局）
see sb.doing sth.看见某人做某事（强调偶然性）
Unit 10
I'm going to be a basketball player.重点语法：一般将来时态
do/does 的两种一般将来时态形式：will do；be going to do
两种形式的区别：will do 强调事情尚未计划好而即将做
be going to do 强调事情已计划好并将按照计划来做
本单元重点强调 be going to do 的形式。
例句：A: What are you going to do next year?(明年你准备干些什么？)
B: Well, I'm going to take guitar lessons.(我明年要上吉他音乐课。)I really love music.(我很喜欢音乐。)
A: Sounds interesting.(听起来很有趣。)I'm going to learn a foreign language.(我明年要学一门外语。)重点短语：grow up 成长；长大
at the same time 同时
all over 遍及
all over the world = around the world 全世界
be going to do sth.将要做某事
practice doing sth.练习做某事
study hard 努力学习
take lessons 上课
sound + adj.听起来……（加形容词）
sound like + n.听起来像……（加名词）
save money 存钱
buy sb.sth.= by sth.for sb.给某人买某物
buy sth.with the money 用钱买某物
write articles 写文章
learn to do sth.学习做某事
get good grades 取得好成绩
play sports 运动
keep fit 保持健康
write to sb.给某人写信
enjoy doing sth.享受做某事
Unit 11
Could you please clean your room? 重点语法：委婉请求别人做某事
引导词用 can, shall, will 等情态动词的过去时态
例句：A: Could I please use your computer?(我能用一下你的电脑吗？)
B: Sorry.I'm going to work on it now.(对不起，我正在忙着用电脑。)
A: Well, could I watch TV?(那么，我能看电视吗？)
B: Yes, you can.(是，你可以看电视。)But you have to clean your room.(但是是在你打扫完房间之后。)重点短语：do the dishes = wash the dishes 洗碗
go to a meeting 开会
take out 取出
hate(to do/doing)sth.讨厌做某事
make one's bed 整理床铺
like(to do/doing)sth.喜欢做某事
work on 从事；忙于
invite sb.to somewhere 邀请某人去某地
do chores = do housework 干家务
go to the store = go shopping 购物
do the laundry = wash the clothes 洗衣服
forget to do sth.忘记做某事（该事尚未做）
take care of = care for = look after 照看；照顾
forget doing sth.忘记做某事（该事已做过）
sweep the floor 扫地
give sb.sth.= give sth.to sb.把某物给某人
fold one's clothes 叠衣服
buy sb.sth.= buy sth.for sb.买某物给某人
go to the movies 看电影
on vacation 度假
get a ride 骑车
Unit 12
What's the best radio station? 重点语法：在各事物间进行比较
用形容词的原形、比较级和最高级
例句：A: Hello!I'm a reporter.(你好，我是记者。)Can I ask you some questions?(我能问你一些问题吗？)
B: Sure.(当然可以。)
A: What's the best clothing store in town?(城里最好的服装店是哪一家？)
B: I think Jason's is the best.(我认为杰森服装店是最好的。)
A: Why do you think so?(为什么这样认为呢？)
B: Jason's has the best quality clothes.(杰森服装店有质量最好的服装。)重点短语：close to = near 靠近；接近
inexpensive = cheap 便宜的 clothing store 服装店
radio station 广播站
talent show 业余歌手演唱会
it is adj.[for sb.] to do sth.做某事（对某人来
说）感觉……（加形容词）
cut the price 打折
not...at all = not...in the slightest 一点也不
in fact 实际上
pay for 为……而付款
sth.cost sb.(money)某人花钱买了某物
good/well → better → the best 形容词 good /副词 well 的原级、比较级和最高级
bad/badly → worse → the worst 形容词 bad /副词 badly 的原级、比较级和最高级
八年级下册重点语法和短语
Unit 1 Will people have robots? 重点语法：一般将来时态的应用
do/does 的一般将来时态形式：(shall/will)do do/does 的一般将来时态的被动语态：(shall/will)be done 一般将来时态的肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式： 肯定句例句：People will have robots in a few years.否定句例句：People(will not/won't)have robots in a few years.一般疑问句例句：Will people have robots in a few years? 特殊疑问句例句：What will people have in a few years? 重点短语：won't = will not come true 实现
they'll = they will in the future 未来
she'll = she will hundreds of 数以百计的he'll = he will thousands of 数以千计的I'll = I will look for(sb./sth.)寻找（某人/某物）
fall in love with(sb./sth.)爱上（某人/某物）
will → would 情态动词 will 的原形和过去式
be able to do sth.能够做某事
may → might 情态动词 may 的原形和过去式Reading Strategy(阅读方法)Look at the title and picture, and predict what you will read about.(看着标题和图片，预知你要阅读那些方面的内容。)This helps you get ready to acquire new information.(这样可以帮助你获得一些新的信息。)
Unit 2 What should I do? 重点语法：过去将来时态（将来时态的委婉说法）
do/does 的过去将来时态形式：(should/would)do do/does 的过去将来时态的被动语态：(should/would)be done 过去将来时态的肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式： 肯定句例句：You should write a letter to him.否定句例句：You shouldn't write a letter to him.一般疑问句例句：Should I write a letter to him? 特殊疑问句例句：What should I do? 重点短语：keep sb.out 不让某人进入
What's wrong? = What's the matter? = What's the problem? 怎么了？
out of style 不时髦的；过时的call sb.up 给某人打电话
pay for sth.为某事付款
part-time job 兼职工作
the same as = be same(to/with)与……同样
in style 时髦的；流行的
get on [well] with sb.= get along [well] with sb.与某人相处（好）
didn't = did not couldn't = could not as...as possible 尽可能……(eg/ as soon as possible 尽快)all kinds of 各种；许多
on the one hand 一方面
on the other hand 另一方面
ask sb.for sth.= ask sb.to do sth.请求某人做某事
ask sb.not to do sth.请求某人不要做某事
spend(money)on sth.= spend(money)[in] doing sth.花钱做某事
sth.cost sb.(money)某人花钱为了某事
take sb.sometime to do sth.花某人时间做某事
find out 查明
find sb.doing sth.发现某人做某事
be angry with sb.生某人的气
be angry at sth.生某事的气
the same age as = as old as 与某人年龄一样
have fight with sb.与某人打架
learn to do sth.学会做某事
not...until...直到……才……
compare sth.(A)with sth.(B)把某事(A)与某事(B)作比较
it's time for sth.= it's time to do sth.到该做某事的时间了
maybe adv.或许
may be（情态动词 + 动词原形）可能是
shall → should 情态动词 shall 的原形和过去式
pay → paid → paid 动词 pay 的原形、过去式和过去分词 Reading Strategy(阅读方法)You will learn to use new words better if you use a learner's dictionary.(时刻学着应用新单词来学习比时刻使用字典这种途径方法更好。)A bilingual dictionary sometimes gives the wrong meaning for the situation you want.(在某些你需要的场合下，一本双语字典有时会给你错误的解释。)
Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived? 重点语法：过去进行时态
do/does 的过去进行时态形式：(was/were)doing do/does 的过去进行时态的被动语态：(was/were)being done 过去将来时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式：
肯定句例句：I was walking down the street when a UFO landed.否定句例句：I wasn't walking down the street when a UFO landed.一般疑问句例句：Were you walking down the street when a UFO landed? 特殊疑问句例句：What were you doing when a UFO landed? 动词 when 和 while 的选择：when 后加瞬间动词，while 后加延续性动词。例句：The boy was walking down the street when the UFO landed.=While the boy was walking down the street, the UFO landed.感叹句
结构：(1)How + adj.+ the + 主语 + 谓语动词
=(2)What +(a/an)+ [adj.] + n.+ 主语 + 谓语动词
例句：What a beautiful flower [it is]!=How beautiful the flower is!What beautiful flowers [they are]!=How beautiful the flowers are!重点短语：get out 出去；离开
get up = get out of the bed 起床
take off 起飞
at the doctor's 在诊所
run away 逃跑；跑掉
every day 每一天
come in 进来
everyday adj.日常的hear about = hear of 听说
most adj.大部分
take place 发生
the most 最多的as...as 像……一样(eg/ as old as him 像他一样老)in space 在太空中
anywhere = everywhere = here and there 任何地方
national hero 民族英雄
think about 考虑
all over the world = in the world 全世界 think of 认为
Reading Strategy(阅读方法)The title can be helpful for you to understand a text.(一篇文章的标题可以帮助你理解整篇文章。)It's also a good idea to read the first sentence of each paragraph before you read.(在阅读整篇文章之前，阅读每段的第一句话也是一个很有效的方法。)Unit 4 He said I was hard-working.重点语法：宾语从句
结构：主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语从句(主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语/表语)例句：----I'm good at English.He says.(改为加宾语从句的复合句)----He says I'm good at English.注意：①主句是一般现在时态，宾语从句的时态不受其影响。
例句：He says I'm good at English now.He says I was good at mathematics when I was young.②主句是过去时态，宾语从句也要用过去时态。
例句：He said I was good at mathematics when I was young yesterday.He said I was good at English now yesterday.③宾语从句是客观真理时永远用一般现在时态。
例句：Our teacher says 24 hours make a day.Our teacher said the sun gives us so many energy yesterday.④动词原形不能作主语，必须用其-ing 形式。
例句：She said helping others changed her life.重点短语：direct speech 直接引语
reported speech = indirect speech 间接引语
first of all = at first 首先
pass on 传递
be supposed to do sth.应该做某事
be good at = do well in 在某方面做得好
in good health 身体健康
get over 克服
open up 打开
care for = take care of = look after 照料；照顾
not any more = not any longer = no longer 不再
have a cold 感冒
end-of-year exam 年终考试
get nervous 变得紧张
forget to do sth.忘记做某事（该事未做）
forget doing sth.忘记做某事（该事已做）
it's + adj.+ [for sb.] + to do sth.做某事[对某人来说]……（加形容词）
context 上下文
Reading Strategy(阅读方法)First read for meaning, not for detail.(首先理解文段的大致意思，不在于文段的细节部分。)You can understand the meaning of a word you don't know from the context.(至于不懂的单词，你可以通过上下文来寻找它的正确释义。)
Unit 5 If you go to the party, you'll have a great time!重点语法：if 引导的条件状语从句 结构：主句 + if + 条件状语从句
if + 条件状语从句 + [(comma)] + 主句
注意：在 if 引导的条件状语从句中，主句应用将来时态，状语从句用一般现在时态。例句：You'll have a great time if you go to the party.=If you go to the party, you'll have a great time.重点短语：take away 拿走
around the world = all over the world 在世界各地
make a living 谋生
all the time = always 一直
What's the problem? = What's the matter? = What's wrong? 怎么了？
in order to do sth.为了做某事
make sb.do sth.使得某人做某事（to 省略，该结构是一个不带 to 的不定式。）
make sb.adj.使得某人……（加形容词）
make sb.done 使得某人被做
be famous for 为……而出名
be famous as 作为……而出名
in class 在课堂上
spend...(time/money)on sth.= spend...(time/money)in doing sth.花……（时间/钱）用于做某事
see sb.do sth.看见某人做某事（强调整个过程）
see sb.doing sth.看见某人做某事（强调偶然性）
say → said → said 动词 say 的原形、过去式和过去分词
tell → told → told 动词 tell 的原形、过去式和过去分词
eat → ate → eaten 动词 eat 的原形、过去式和过去分词
speak → spoke → spoken 动词 speak 的原形、过去式和过去分词
Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells? 重点语法：现在完成进行时态
do/does 的现在完成进行时态形式：have/has been doing do/does 的现在完成进行时态的被动语态：have/has been being done 现在完成进行时态所应用的场合：
①某事从过去发生一直持续到现在都在做 ②过去发生的动作对现在造成影响 例：我已上了三年初中。
I have been in Junior School for 3 years.自从那次他与我谈过心后，我天天都在进步。
I have been making progress since he talked with me that time.现在完成进行时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式： 肯定句例句：I have been skating for five hours.否定句例句：I haven't been skating for five hours.一般疑问句例句：Have you been skating for five hours? 特殊疑问句例句：How long have you been skating? 注意：瞬间动词不能和一段时间连用。例句：你借这本书已经多长时间了？
How long have you been keeping this book? 重点短语：run out of 用完；用尽
by the way 顺便说说
be interested in doing sth.对某事感兴趣
more than 比……多
far away 在远处
would like to do sth.= want to do sth.= feel like doing sth.想要做某事
send sb.sth.= send sth.to sb.把某物赠送给某人
in fact 实际上
room 房间（用于可数名词）；空间（用于不可数名词）
common → more common → the most common 形容词 common 的原级、比较级和最高级
Reading Strategy(阅读方法)Let your eyes “scan” the text quickly to find details that you're looking for.(在阅读文章之前，用眼睛“横扫”整篇文章，快速寻找你需要的文章要点。)You can find information quickly without reading the whole text.(这样你就不用细读整篇文章，就能寻找到你需要的一些信息。)
Unit 7 Would you mind turning down the music?
重点语法：mind [one's] doing sth.介意（某人）做某事 重点短语：not at all 一点也不
turn down 调节使音量变小
right away = in a minute = at once 立刻；马上
wait in line 排队等候
cut in line 插队等候
hasn't = has not keep...down 压低声音；使缓和
at first = first of all 首先
take care 当心；小心
take care of = care about = look after 关心；照顾
break the rule 违规
obey the rule 遵守规定
put out 熄灭
pick sth.up 捡起某物
wait for sb.等候某人
depend on 依赖；依靠
get back = return 要回
mean → meant → meant 动词 mean 的原形、过去式和过去分词
Reading Strategy(阅读方法)As we read, we need to find “topic sentences”.(在我们阅读的时候，我们需要寻找“主题语句”，也就是和文章中心最相关的语句。)These sentences usually gives us a “summary”, or overall meaning of each paragraph and help us understand what the paragraph is about.(这些语句通常会给我们一些文章的“概要”，或者每个文段的全部意思，来帮助我们理解段落大意。)After the topic sentence comes more detail and explanation.(当“主题语句”出现后，该段的一些解释和细节也就会随之出现。)
Unit 8 Why don't you get her a scarf?
重点语法：询问别人为什么要做或者不做某事
why don't you do sth.= why not do sth.例句：Why don't you get her a camera? = Why not get her a camera? what about = how about 例句：How about some tennis balls? = What about some tennis balls? 重点短语：fall asleep 入睡
give away 赠送；分发
hear of = hear about 听说
take an interest in = be interested in 对……感兴趣
make friends with 与……交友
make progress 取得进步
keep → kept → kept 动词 keep 的原形、过去式和过去分词
feed → fed → fed 动词 feed 的原形、过去式和过去分词
fall → fell → fallen 动词 fall 的原形、过去式和过去分词
hear → heard → heard 动词 hear 的原形、过去式和过去分词
Reading Strategy(阅读方法)To understand the important ideas from the text, we must “summarize”.(为了了解文段最主要的意图，我们必须要进行总结。)Do this by answering “who, what, where, why” questions as you read.(在阅读时，常注意回答时间、地点、人物这些基本要素问题，达到总结的目的。)
Unit 9 Have you ever been to an amusement? 重点语法：现在完成时态
do/does 的现在完成时态形式：(have/has)done do/does 的现在完成时态的被动语态：(have/has)been done 现在完成时态主要强调过去发生的事情对现在的影响。例句：我去年去过美国，那是我第一次出国。
I have ever been to America.It's the first time for me to go abroad.重点短语：have a great time = have a good time = have fun = enjoy oneself 玩得高兴
on board 在船上
end up doing sth.结束做某事
all year round = all over the year 终年
understand → understood → understood 动词 understand 的原形、过去式和过去分词
Reading Strategy(阅读方法)After reading, write down three or more things you have learned.(在阅读整篇文章之后，把你学到的三样或更多事物写下来。)We always remember things better if we take time to reflect.(如果我们花时间去思考一些问题的话，那么我们就能更容易地记住一些事情。)
Unit 10 It's a nice day, isn't it? 重点语法：反意疑问句
反意疑问句由肯定陈述句加否定问句构成，或者由否定陈述句加肯定问句构成。例句：He's a student, isn't he? She's not his mother, is she? 回答反意疑问句时，要根据事实来回答。若事实是肯定的，则必须用 yes 回答。若事实是否定的，则必须用 no 回答。
例句：你还没有准备好，对吧？
You're not ready, are you? 是的，我没有准备好。
No, I'm not.不，我准备好了。
Yes, I am.重点短语：look through 浏览
come along 出现；发生
get along 相处
at least 至少
at most 至多
a thank-you note 感谢信
forget → forgot → forgotten 动词 forget 的原形、过去式和过去分词
little → less → least 形容词 little 的原级、比较级和最高级
many/much → more → most 形容词 many/much 的原级、比较级和最高级 八年级下册重点语法和短语 Unit 1 Will people have robots? 重点语法：一般将来时态的应用
do/does 的一般将来时态形式：(shall/will)do do/does 的一般将来时态的被动语态：(shall/will)be done 一般将来时态的肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式： 肯定句例句：People will have robots in a few years.否定句例句：People(will not/won't)have robots in a few years.一般疑问句例句：Will people have robots in a few years? 特殊疑问句例句：What will people have in a few years? 重点短语：won't = will not they'll = they will
she'll = she will he'll = he will I'll = I will fall in love with(sb./sth.)爱上（某人/某物）
be able to do sth.能够做某事
come true 实现
in the future 未来
hundreds of 数以百计的thousands of 数以千计的
look for(sb./sth.)寻找（某人/某物）
will → would 情态动词 will 的原形和过去式
may → might 情态动词 may 的原形和过去式
Reading Strategy(阅读方法)Look at the title and picture, and predict what you will read about.(看着标题和图片，预知你要阅读那些方面的内容。)This helps you get ready to acquire new information.(这样可以帮助你获得一些新的信息。)
Unit 2 What should I do?
重点语法：过去将来时态（将来时态的委婉说法）
do/does 的过去将来时态形式：(should/would)do do/does 的过去将来时态的被动语态：(should/would)be done 过去将来时态的肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式： 肯定句例句：You should write a letter to him.否定句例句：You shouldn't write a letter to him.一般疑问句例句：Should I write a letter to him? 特殊疑问句例句：What should I do? 重点短语：keep sb.out 不让某人进入
What's wrong? = What's the matter? = What's the problem? 怎么了？
out of style 不时髦的；过时的call sb.up 给某人打电话
pay for sth.为某事付款
part-time job 兼职工作
the same as = be same(to/with)与……同样
in style 时髦的；流行的
get on [well] with sb.= get along [well] with sb.与某人相处（好）
didn't = did not couldn't = could not as...as possible 尽可能……(eg/ as soon as possible 尽快)all kinds of 各种；许多
on the one hand 一方面
on the other hand 另一方面
ask sb.for sth.= ask sb.to do sth.请求某人做某事
ask sb.not to do sth.请求某人不要做某事
spend(money)on sth.= spend(money)[in] doing sth.花钱做某事
sth.cost sb.(money)某人花钱为了某事
take sb.sometime to do sth.花某人时间做某事
find out 查明
find sb.doing sth.发现某人做某事
be angry with sb.生某人的气
be angry at sth.生某事的气
the same age as = as old as 与某人年龄一样
have fight with sb.与某人打架
learn to do sth.学会做某事
not...until...直到……才……
compare sth.(A)with sth.(B)把某事(A)与某事(B)作比较
it's time for sth.= it's time to do sth.到该做某事的时间了
maybe adv.或许
may be（情态动词 + 动词原形）可能是
shall → should 情态动词 shall 的原形和过去式
pay → paid → paid 动词 pay 的原形、过去式和过去分词
Reading Strategy(阅读方法)You will learn to use new words better if you use a learner's dictionary.(时刻学着应用新单词来学习比时刻使用字典这种途径方法更好。)A bilingual dictionary sometimes gives the wrong meaning for the situation you want.(在某些你需要的场合下，一本双语字典有时会给你错误的解释。)
Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived? 重点语法：过去进行时态
do/does 的过去进行时态形式：(was/were)doing do/does 的过去进行时态的被动语态：(was/were)being done 过去将来时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式：
肯定句例句：I was walking down the street when a UFO landed.否定句例句：I wasn't walking down the street when a UFO landed.一般疑问句例句：Were you walking down the street when a UFO landed? 特殊疑问句例句：What were you doing when a UFO landed?
动词 when 和 while 的选择：when 后加瞬间动词，while 后加延续性动词。例句：The boy was walking down the street when the UFO landed.=While the boy was walking down the street, the UFO landed.感叹句
结构：(1)How + adj.+ the + 主语 + 谓语动词
=(2)What +(a/an)+ [adj.] + n.+ 主语 + 谓语动词 例句：What a beautiful flower [it is]!=How beautiful the flower is!What beautiful flowers [they are]!=How beautiful the flowers are!
重点短语：get out 出去；离开
take off 起飞
run away 逃跑；跑掉
come in 进来
hear about = hear of 听说
take place 发生
as...as 像……一样(eg/ as old as him 像他一样老)anywhere = everywhere = here and there 任何地方
think about 考虑
think of 认为
get up = get out of the bed 起床
at the doctor's 在诊所
every day 每一天
everyday adj.日常的most adj.大部分
the most 最多的in space 在太空中
national hero 民族英雄
all over the world = in the world 全世界
Reading Strategy(阅读方法)The title can be helpful for you to understand a text.(一篇文章的标题可以帮助你理解整篇文章。)It's also a good idea to read the first sentence of each paragraph before you read.(在阅读整篇文章之前，阅读每段的第一句话也是一个很有效的方法。)
Unit 4 He said I was hard-working.重点语法：宾语从句
结构：主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语从句(主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语/表语)例句：----I'm good at English.He says.(改为加宾语从句的复合句)----He says I'm good at English.注意：①主句是一般现在时态，宾语从句的时态不受其影响。
例句：He says I'm good at English now.He says I was good at mathematics when I was young.②主句是过去时态，宾语从句也要用过去时态。
例句：He said I was good at mathematics when I was young yesterday.He said I was good at English now yesterday.③宾语从句是客观真理时永远用一般现在时态。
例句：Our teacher says 24 hours make a day.Our teacher said the sun gives us so many energy yesterday.④动词原形不能作主语，必须用其-ing 形式。
例句：She said helping others changed her life.重点短语：direct speech 直接引语
reported speech = indirect speech 间接引语
first of all = at first 首先
pass on 传递
be supposed to do sth.应该做某事
be good at = do well in 在某方面做得好
in good health 身体健康
get over 克服
open up 打开
care for = take care of = look after 照料；照顾
not any more = not any longer = no longer 不再
have a cold 感冒
end-of-year exam 年终考试
get nervous 变得紧张
forget to do sth.忘记做某事（该事未做）
forget doing sth.忘记做某事（该事已做）
it's + adj.+ [for sb.] + to do sth.做某事[对某人来说]……（加形容词）
context 上下文
Reading Strategy(阅读方法)First read for meaning, not for detail.(首先理解文段的大致意思，不在于文段的细节部分。)You can understand the meaning of a word you don't know from the context.(至于不懂的单词，你可以通过上下文来寻找它的正确释义。)
Unit 5 If you go to the party, you'll have a great time!重点语法：if 引导的条件状语从句 结构：主句 + if + 条件状语从句
if + 条件状语从句 + [(comma)] + 主句
注意：在 if 引导的条件状语从句中，主句应用将来时态，状语从句用一般现在时态。例句：You'll have a great time if you go to the party.=If you go to the party, you'll have a great time.重点短语：take away 拿走
around the world = all over the world 在世界各地
make a living 谋生
all the time = always 一直
What's the problem? = What's the matter? = What's wrong? 怎么了？
in order to do sth.为了做某事
make sb.do sth.使得某人做某事（to 省略，该结构是一个不带 to 的不定式。）
make sb.adj.使得某人……（加形容词）
make sb.done 使得某人被做
be famous for 为……而出名
be famous as 作为……而出名
in class 在课堂上
spend...(time/money)on sth.= spend...(time/money)in doing sth.花……（时间/钱）用于做某事
see sb.do sth.看见某人做某事（强调整个过程）
see sb.doing sth.看见某人做某事（强调偶然性）
say → said → said 动词 say 的原形、过去式和过去分词
tell → told → told 动词 tell 的原形、过去式和过去分词
eat → ate → eaten 动词 eat 的原形、过去式和过去分词
speak → spoke → spoken 动词 speak 的原形、过去式和过去分词
Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells? 重点语法：现在完成进行时态
do/does 的现在完成进行时态形式：have/has been doing do/does 的现在完成进行时态的被动语态：have/has been being done 现在完成进行时态所应用的场合：
①某事从过去发生一直持续到现在都在做 ②过去发生的动作对现在造成影响 例：我已上了三年初中。
I have been in Junior School for 3 years.自从那次他与我谈过心后，我天天都在进步。
I have been making progress since he talked with me that time.现在完成进行时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式： 肯定句例句：I have been skating for five hours.否定句例句：I haven't been skating for five hours.一般疑问句例句：Have you been skating for five hours? 特殊疑问句例句：How long have you been skating? 注意：瞬间动词不能和一段时间连用。例句：你借这本书已经多长时间了？
How long have you been keeping this book? 重点短语：run out of 用完；用尽
by the way 顺便说说
be interested in doing sth.对某事感兴趣
more than 比……多
far away 在远处
would like to do sth.= want to do sth.= feel like doing sth.想要做某事
send sb.sth.= send sth.to sb.把某物赠送给某人
in fact 实际上
room 房间（用于可数名词）；空间（用于不可数名词）
common → more common → the most common 形容词 common 的原级、比较级和最高级
Reading Strategy(阅读方法)Let your eyes “scan” the text quickly to find details that you're looking for.(在阅读文章之前，用眼睛“横扫”整篇文章，快速寻找你需要的文章要点。)You can find information quickly without reading the whole text.(这样你就不用细读整篇文章，就能寻找到你需要的一些信息。)
Unit 7 Would you mind turning down the music?
重点语法：mind [one's] doing sth.介意（某人）做某事 重点短语：not at all 一点也不
turn down 调节使音量变小
right away = in a minute = at once 立刻；马上
wait in line 排队等候
cut in line 插队等候
hasn't = has not keep...down 压低声音；使缓和
at first = first of all 首先
take care 当心；小心
take care of = care about = look after 关心；照顾
break the rule 违规
obey the rule 遵守规定
put out 熄灭
pick sth.up 捡起某物
wait for sb.等候某人
depend on 依赖；依靠
get back = return 要回
mean → meant → meant 动词 mean 的原形、过去式和过去分词
Reading Strategy(阅读方法)As we read, we need to find “topic sentences”.(在我们阅读的时候，我们需要寻找“主题语句”，也就是和文章中心最相关的语句。)These sentences usually gives us a “summary”, or overall meaning of each paragraph and help us understand what the paragraph is about.(这些语句通常会给我们一些文章的“概要”，或者每个文段的全部意思，来帮助我们理解段落大意。)After the topic sentence comes more detail and explanation.(当“主题语句”出现后，该段的一些解释和细节也就会随之出现。)
Unit 8 Why don't you get her a scarf?
重点语法：询问别人为什么要做或者不做某事
why don't you do sth.= why not do sth.例句：Why don't you get her a camera? = Why not get her a camera? what about = how about 例句：How about some tennis balls? = What about some tennis balls? 重点短语：fall asleep 入睡
give away 赠送；分发
hear of = hear about 听说
take an interest in = be interested in 对……感兴趣
make friends with 与……交友
make progress 取得进步
keep → kept → kept 动词 keep 的原形、过去式和过去分词
feed → fed → fed 动词 feed 的原形、过去式和过去分词
fall → fell → fallen 动词 fall 的原形、过去式和过去分词
hear → heard → heard 动词 hear 的原形、过去式和过去分词
Reading Strategy(阅读方法)To understand the important ideas from the text, we must “summarize”.(为了了解文段最主要的意图，我们必须要进行总结。)Do this by answering “who, what, where, why” questions as you read.(在阅读时，常注意回答时间、地点、人物这些基本要素问题，达到总结的目的。)
Unit 9 Have you ever been to an amusement? 重点语法：现在完成时态
do/does 的现在完成时态形式：(have/has)done do/does 的现在完成时态的被动语态：(have/has)been done 现在完成时态主要强调过去发生的事情对现在的影响。例句：我去年去过美国，那是我第一次出国。
I have ever been to America.It's the first time for me to go abroad.重点短语：have a great time = have a good time = have fun = enjoy oneself 玩得高兴
on board 在船上
end up doing sth.结束做某事
all year round = all over the year 终年
understand → understood → understood 动词 understand 的原形、过去式和过去分词
第三篇：2014新目标八年级英语下学期Unit 4知识归纳
2014新目标八年级英语下学期Unit 4知识归纳
一、重要单词和短语
1.get on with “与某人相处”，= _______________ eg.__________________________.2.instead “代替”，adv.常位于句首或句末
instead of “代替”，后接n, pron, v-ing.eg.He played games ___________ doing homework last noght.=
He didn’t do homework yesterday, he played games _________.3.offer “提供”offer sb sth = _____________为某人提供某物 offer to do sth 主动提出做某事eg.______________________.4.help lower your stress 帮助你减压
(1)help(to)do sth
(2)lower, vt, “降低、减少” eg, 降低你的嗓音 _________________
(3)stress “压力”=__________ 不可数名词
5.have a fight with sb =______________________ =______________ 和某人吵、打架
6.so many +_______so much+__________“如此多”
too many+_______too much+_________“太多”
7.compete with sb ___________ compete for _____________ compete in _____________
8.talk with sb =__________________=___________________________和某人交流、交谈 eg.让我们经常与父母交流。_________________________________________________.9.explain _______________向某人解释某事
eg.谁能把这个单词给我解释一下？___________________________________________?
10.mind _______________介意某人做某事
eg.我不介意你把门打开。_____________________________________.11.feel good about sth 对„„感觉良好
eg.我对物理感觉良好。________________________________.12.allow __________________ 允许某人做某事
__________________允许做某事
13.refuse _________________拒绝做某事
14.so + _______ +a/an+neg._________________________________=
such+a/an +_____+n_________________________________.15.compare A ________ B 把A与B作比较
compare A ________ B把A比喻成B
eg.你不应该把自己与比尔作比较。_______________________________________________.16.cut__________ 删除
17.in one’s opinion 在某人看来
18.perhaps=_________ 可能、大概、也许
19.argue____________ =_____________________________和某人争吵
20.cause a lot of pressure for children 为孩子制造太多的压力
cause sth for/to sb=cause sb sth为„„制造„„
eg.是什么导致这棵树死了？____________________________________?
21.continue______________/____________ 继续做某事
22.on the phone 通过电话、在通话中
23.write sb a letter =_____________________________
24.return sth to sb =___________________归还 return=___________ 回来、返回
25.a big deal 一件大事、一件重要的事
26.The +姓（复数）„„一家 谓语动词使用复数形式
eg.格林一家正在互相交谈。____________________________________________________.27.处于太多的压力之下。_________________________________
28.look through 浏览
29.发现某人正在做某事find sb ___________ sth
30.对„„疯狂、狂热_____________________
31.get into=________=_________ a good university
32.leave sth +地点把某物遗忘在某地 forgrt sth 后能接地点
33.-It’s time ________ sth
________ do sth
34.让某人做某事____________________ _____________________________
35.not...anymore 不再
36.各种各样的_______________ 一种__________________
37.下次_____________
二、语法
1.表示建议的句式
（1）Why don’t you=_____________? 后接V原形
(2)What/how about...?后接V-ing
(3)You’dbetter(not)....后接V原形
(4)You should/could(not)...后接V原形
(5)Let’s(not)....后接V原形
2.until 引导时间状语从句 so that引导目的状语从句 although引导让步状语从句
三、练习
1.In their ________(opinion),which is more interesting, art or music?
2.I don’t have enough free time _____________(relax).3.__________(hang)out with friends is important.4.You should’t _________(compete)with your classmates _______(get)better grades.5.It’s even______________(important)to have happy children.6.When I have problems,he offers ________(help)me.7.Every morning I find many people _______(eat)at Tom’s Dumpling House.8.Why don’t you _______(talk)about these feelings with your family?
9.My elder brother often refuses ________(share)the chores with me.10.Stop ___________(argue), it’s time for class.11.It’s not easy for me _________(get)on well with my schoolmates.12.I want to have a happy kid instead of a ____________(success)kid.13.You make your kid ________(take)so many after-school classes.14.Now, it’s time for us _________(have)dinner.15.They don’t allow their daughter ________(hang)out with friends after school.四、作文
假如你是心理医生Dr Clark,你收到学生Lucy的来信。她在信中说，自己很喜欢看电视，但父母担心影响她学习，不让她看，她有时和父母争吵，很烦恼，不知道怎么办。请你给她回信给出解决办法。
第四篇：音乐新课标2011版 知识要点
一、本标准的制定，以坚持社会主义核心价值体系为导向，为培养学生良好的审美情趣和人文素养发挥重要作用。
二、音乐课程性质主要体现在以下三个方面：
（一）人文性：音乐是文化的重要组成部分，是人类宝贵的精神文化遗产和智慧结晶。
（二）审美性：通过音乐教育培养和提高学生感受美、表现美、鉴赏美、创造美的能力，陶冶情操，发展个性，启迪智慧，丰富和发展形象思维，激发创新意识和创造能力，全面提升学生的素质。
（三）实践性：音乐课程各领域的教学只有通过聆听、演唱、探究、综合性艺术表演和音乐编创等多种实践形式才能得以实施。
三、课程基本理念
（一）以音乐审美为核心，以兴趣爱好为动力：音乐审美指的是对音乐艺术美感的体验、感悟、沟通、交流以及对不同音乐文化语境和人文内涵的认知。
（二）强调音乐实践，鼓励音乐创造：音乐教学是音乐艺术的实践过程。音乐创造，目的在于通过音乐丰富学生的形象思维，开发学生的创造性潜质。
（三）突出音乐特点，关注学科综合
（四）弘扬民族音乐，理解音乐文化多样性
（五）面向全体学生，注重个性发展
四、课程设计思路
（一）凸显音乐课程的美育功能，以音乐活动方式划分教学领域
（二）设计丰富的音乐实践活动，引导学生主动参与
（三）正确处理音乐知识、技能的学习与审美体验和文化认知的关系
（四）根据学生不同年龄段的心理发展水平和音乐认知特点，分学段设计梯度渐进的课程学段目标及相应的操程内容
（五）课程内容的设计，在明确的规定性和适度的弹性之间寻求平衡，培教师教学和地方音乐课程资源开发留有创造和选择运用的空间
五、音乐课程总目标
学生通过音乐课程学习和参与丰富多样的艺术实践活动，探究、发现、领略音乐的艺术魅力，培养学生对音乐的持久兴趣，涵养美感，和谐身心，陶冶情操，健全人格。学习并掌握必要的音乐基础知识和基本技能，拓展文化视野，发展音乐听觉与欣赏能力、表现能力和创造船力，形成基本的音乐素养。丰富情感体验，培养良好的审美情趣和积极乐观的生活态度，促进身心的健康发展。上述课程目标以下列三个维度表述。
（一）情感一态度一价值观
1．丰富情感体验，培养对生活的积极乐观态度 2．培养音乐兴趣，树立终身学习的愿望 3．提高音乐审美能力，陶冶高尚情操 4．培养爱国主义情感，增强集体主义精神 5．尊重艺术，理解世界文化的多样性
（二）过程与方法1．体验2．模仿3．探究4．合作5．综合（三）知识与技能
1．音乐基础知识：学习并掌握音乐基本要素（如力度、速度、音色、节奏、节拍、旋律、调式、和声等）、常见结构、体裁形式、风格流派和演唱、演奏、识谱、编创等基础知识。
2．音乐基本技能：学习演唱、演奏、创作的初步技能，能够自信、自然、有表情地演唱歌曲和演奏课堂乐器，了解音乐创作的基本方法。在音乐听觉感知基础上识读乐谱，在音乐实践活动中运用乐谱。3．音乐历史与相关文化知识
了解中外音乐发展的简要历史和有代表性的音乐家，初步识别不同时代、不同民族的音乐。认识音乐与姊妹艺术的联系，感知不同艺术门类的主要表现手段和艺术形式特征。了解音乐与艺术之外其他学科的联系，扩展音乐文化视野。根据自己的生活经验和已学过的知识，认识音乐的社会功能，理解音乐与社会生活的关系。
六、学段目标（7、9年级）
∮增进对音乐的兴趣。
∮提高音乐感受与评价欣赏的能力，养成良好的音乐欣赏习惯。
∮能自信地、有感情地演唱，积极参与演奏及创造活动，发展表现音乐的能力。
∮丰富和提高艺术想象力和创造力。
∮培养丰富的生活情趣和乐观的态度，增强集体意识，锻炼合作与协调能力。
七、课程内容：教学领域以（音乐活动方式）划分
1、感受与欣赏：注意以音乐为本，从音响出发，以听赏为主。
（一）音乐表现要素【7～9】年级
∮探索自然界和生活中的各种音响，能够用不同方式模仿不同的声音。
∮加深对人声、乐器声的了解和体验。能够说出各类人声和常见乐器的音色特点。
∮能够在感知力度、速度、音色、节奏、节拍、旋律、调式、和声等音乐表现要素的过程中，根据自己的体验说出音乐要素的表现作用。
∮感知音乐的结构，能够简单表述所听音乐不同段落的对比与变化。
（二）音乐情绪与情感【7～9年级】
∮能够有意识地体验音乐所表达的各种情感，并能运用音乐术语进行描述。
∮能够体验音乐情感的发展变化，并能简要描述或通过多种形式表现出来。
（三）音乐体裁与形式【7～9年级】
∮聆听大合唱、组歌、室内乐、协奏曲、交响曲、歌剧、音乐剧、舞剧音乐及其他体裁的歌曲和乐曲，能够随着乐声哼唱音乐主题，并能运用适当的形式对所听音乐做出反应。
∮通过欣赏音乐分辨不同的体裁与形式。聆听音乐主题并说出曲名和作者。
∮结合所听音乐，了解音乐体裁与形式在音乐表现中的作用。
（四）音乐风格与流派【7～9年级】
∮聆听中华民族民间音乐，简单描述其不同的地域特点或民族风格，能够说出戏曲、曲艺的主要种类和代表人物。
∮聆听世界部分国家的民族民间音乐，能够对其风格特点进行简单描述。
∮聆听世界不同国家的优秀音乐作品，能够说出主要音乐流派的代表人物。
2、表现
（一）演唱【7～9年级】
∮能够主动地参与各种演唱活动，养成良好的唱歌习惯。
∮能够自信地、有感情地请唱歌曲。在合唱中积累演唱经验，进一步感受合唱的艺术魅力。学习基本的指挥图示，能对指挥的起、止、表情等做出正确的反应。
∮学习变声期噪音保护的知识，懂得噪音保护的方法。
∮能够简单分析歌曲的特点与风格，表现歌曲的音乐情绪与意境。能够对自己、他人或集体的演唱作简单评价。
∮每学年能够背唱歌曲2～4首（其中中国民歌1首），学唱京剧或地方戏曲唱腔1段。
（二）演奏【7～9年级】
∮能够主动地参与各种演奏活动，养成良好的演奏习惯。
∮能够选择某种乐器，运用适当的演奏方法表现乐曲的情绪，力求用优美的音色进行演奏。
∮能够对自己、他人或集体的演奏作简单评价。
∮,每学年能够演奏乐曲2～3首。
（三）综合性艺术表演【7～9年级】
∮能够自信地、有表情地参与综合性艺术表演活动。
∮能够结合所学的歌曲、乐曲创设简单的表演情境或做形体动作。
∮学习表演简单的歌剧、音乐剧、京剧或其他戏曲、曲艺片段，并能对自己与他人表演做出评价。
（四）识读乐潜【7～9年级】
∮能够跟随琴声或录音视唱乐谱。
∮具备识谱能力，能够比较顺畅地识读乐谱。
3、创造
（一）探索音响与音乐【7～9年级】
∮能够运用人声、乐器声或其他声音材料表现一定的情境。
∮能够对自己或他人的声音探索活动作出评价。
（二）即兴编创【7～9年级】
∮能够即兴编唱生活短语或诗词短句。
∮能够依据歌曲、乐曲的内容及情绪，进行即兴编创表演活动。
（三）创作实践【7～9年级】
∮能够利用教师或教材提供的材料和方法，独立地或与他人合作绾创4～8小节的旋律短句或短曲，并能用乐谱记录下来。
4、音乐与相关文化
（一）音乐与社会生活【7～9年级】
∮养成关注音乐的习惯，能够用实例说明音乐在社会生活中的作用。
∮喜欢并能够从传播媒体或现场演出中聆听音乐，能够搜集和积累音乐信息，愿与同学交换所搜集到的音乐材料，交流音乐感受。
∮乐于参加社区或乡村的音乐活动，并能作出自己的评价。
（二）音乐与姊妹艺术【7～9年级】
∮通过艺术作品，能够简单比较听觉艺术与视觉艺术在表现材料和表现特点方面的相同与不同。
∮能够结合所熟悉的影视片，表述对某些背景音乐或主题音乐的认识。
∮能够运用综合艺术表现手段，与他人合作进行班级文艺活动的创意与设计。
（三）音乐与艺术之外的其他学科【7～9年级】
∮能够简单表述音乐对于情绪的影响，并能运用合适的音乐进行自我调节。
∮理解声音艺术与语言艺术的关系，能够恰当地选用音乐，烘托诗词、散文的意境。
∮加深对音乐作品的理解，说出中国和世界部分国家的代表性歌曲或乐曲及相关的风土人情。
八、教学实施建议
为保证本标准的实施，教师要深入领会课程的基本理念，以音乐为本，以学生为本，全面实现课程价值和课程目标。1．遵循听觉艺术的感知规律，突出音乐学科的特点
2．重视教学目标的设计与整合：音乐教学目标的设计应体现三个维度的整合及有机联系，重视情感、态度与价值观的正确导向，注意过程与方法的教学体现，同时应明确知识与技能的目标达成。3．注意音乐教学各领域之间的有机联系 4．正确处理教学中的各种关系 5．积极引导学生进行音乐实践活动 6．合理运用现代教育技术手段 7．因地制宜地实施本标准
九、评价建议
音乐课程评价应充分体现全面推进素质教育的精神，贯彻本标准所阐述的课程理念，着眼于评价的诊断、激励与改善的功能。通过科学的课程评价，有利于学生了解自己的进步，增强学习的信心和动力，促进课程教学质量的不断提高。
（一）评价内容
对学生的评价是课程评价的主要方面，应以本标准中各教学领域的课程内容为基本依据，全面考查课程内容所涉及的情感态度与价值观、过程与方法、知识与技能方面的要求。如学生对音乐的兴趣爱好与情感反应，学生在音乐实践活动中的参与态度、参与程度、合作愿望及协调能力，音乐学习的方法与成效，音乐的体验与感受能力，音乐的表现与编创能力，对音乐与相关文化的认识、理解，审美情趣的形成以及掌握知识、技能的实际水平等。
（二）评价的方式与方法
1．形成性评价与终结性评价相结合 2．定性述评与定量涮评相结合
3．自评、互评及他评相结合
十、教材编写原则
1．学生为本原则 2．教育性原则 3．科学性原则 4．实践性原则 5．综合性原则 6．开放性原则
十一、音乐教育的基本方式：以情感人 以美育人
第五篇：八年级下学期英语课件
八年级下学期的英语教学要面向全体学生，关注每个学生的情感思想，尊重个体差异，不歧视，鼓励不同个性的学习见解,帮助学生建立自信.以下是小编整理的八年级下学期英语课件，欢迎阅读。
Ⅰ.Teaching Aims:
1.Knowledge Aims:
1).Learn some new words and phrases: warn, motorcycle, light-colored, obey, fine
2).Go on learning the usages of adverbial clauses of condition:
If we ride at night, we should have lights on the bicycle or wear light-colored clothes.If we break the traffic rules, we will get a fine and even be in danger.2.Ability Aims:
Enable students to talk about traffic rules, signs and warnings.Learn to express remindings and warnings:(1)People should obey the traffic lights.(2)Don’t rush when you corss the street!(3)Don’t forget to pay attention to the rules.3.Emotion Aims:
学会遵守交通规则，树立安全意识。使学生识别交通标志，掌握交通规则，在现实生活中遵守交通规则。培养守纪守法的道德品质。
Ⅱ.Difficult and key points:
1.Get students to learn some new words and phrases: warn, motorcycle, light-colored, obey, fine
2.Enable students to talk about traffic rules, signs and warnings.3.Enable students to master the usages of adverbial clauses of condition.Ⅲ.Teaching methods:
listening, reading;summing-up, competition, speaking, etc.Ⅳ.Teaching tools: slides;tape, etc Ⅴ.Teaching procedure：
Step 1 Review
复习Section A的重点话题，并导入1a。
1.(复习Section A中呈现的骑自行车的好处。)
T: We’ve learnt lots of advantages in riding bicycles in Section A.Let’s review it.1)It's faster than walking.2)It can save energy.3)It doesn't cause air pollution.4)It's easy to park bikes.5)……
2.Have a competition.The main words and phrases in 2a Section A..听mp3_________________________________.数米远处_________________________________
向左的急转弯________________________________.减速_________________________________
从对面开来_________________________________
避免撞上卡车________________________________.撞上_________________________________.严重地撞伤了他的胳膊________________________.把他送到医院______________________________
受伤_________________________________.失去生命____________________________
Step 2 Presentation
呈现1a并讲解。
1.(教师利用实物或图片引出要求学生理解的单词。)
T:(出示头盔的实物或图片。)What’s this? Ss: It’s a helmet.(教师适当帮助说出。)T: What do we use it for?
Ss: We use it to…(老师说出protect our heads。)(用同样的方法学习light-colored clothes。)
T: Traffic accidents are really terrible.We should also know more about the traffic rules.If we don’t obey them, what will happen? Can you guess? S1: Cause traffic accidents.S2: Lose our lives.S3: Get hurt.…
(学生可能会用中文说出要被罚款，教师及时教学fine。)T: Yes.We’ll also get a fine.(板书并教学生词，要求学生理解。)
helmet, light-colored, fine
2.(教师布置并板书听力任务，让学生带着任务听录音，降低听力难度并使其注意力高度集中。)
T: Now, boys and girls, please look at the blackboard.Listen to 1a carefully and find the answers to the questions.Are you ready? Let’s begin.Why did the bike accident happen? What’s Kangkang’s suggestion? Does Michael agree with Kangkang?
(师生一起核对答案。)
3.(让学生读1a，找出条件状语从句并标出疑难点。)
T: Now let’s read 1a and find out the adverbial clauses of condition and difficulties.(教师鼓励学生读出所找的条件状语从句和疑难点，然后加以解释。)
Step 3 Explanation
1)the young man on the bicycle 骑自行车的年轻人 介词短语作后置定语 the young man on the motorcycle 骑摩托车的年轻人 2)in fact 事实上
3)We can wear bicycle helmets when riding.骑自行车的时候我们应该戴头盔。
4)If we ride at night, we should have lights on the bicycle or wear light-colored clothes.if 引导的条件状语从句，如果主句是情态动词或一般将来时时，从句常用一般现在时表将来。如果明天不下雨，我们就去郊游。If it doesn't rain, we will go on a field trip.5)If we break the traffic rules, we may get a fine and even be in danger.break the traffic rules 违反交通规则
get a fine 受到处罚 他受到严重处罚。He got a heavy fine.be in danger 处在危险中
6)warn sb.to do sth.警告/提醒某人做某事
warn sb.not to do sth.警告/提醒某人不要做某事
Step 4 Consolidation
巩固1a，完成1b。
1.(教师放1a的录音，让学生跟读。)T: Listen and follow the tape.T: Work in pairs, look at the key words on the blackboard and practice the dialog.(教师时刻关注学生动态，及时帮助有困难的同学，保证每位同学积极参与。)(板书)bicycle accident—terrible—careless—bike lights—light-colored clothes—break—traffic rules—fine(几分钟后，选几组学生看关键词, 自由表演对话。)
T: Time is up.Come to the front and act out the dialog.Be brave!Don’t be shy.Which pair wants to have a try? …
T: Well done!You did a very good job!(对学生给予鼓励和肯定。)
2.(让学生出示他们在上节课所讨论交流的交通图标，复习其含义，然后独立完成1b，核对答案。掌握单词warn；理解crossing。)
Step 5 Practice
完成2和4，并讨论3。
1.(教师组织课堂活动，引导学生独立完成2。)
T: Now you know so many traffic signs, and will you follow them when you see them? I hope all of you will obey the traffic rules.If everyone obeys the traffic rules, the road will be safer.Do you think so?
S1: Yes, of course.T: If you ride at night, what should you do?
S1: I should have lights on the bicycle or wear light-colored clothes.T: If you ride on the street, what should you wear?
S2: If I ride on the street, I should wear a bicycle helmet.2.(教师指导学生讨论，要求学生掌握trouble。完成3。)
T: Please look at these pictures, discuss the results of breaking the traffic rules using “if” in groups and then I’ll choose some students to report.3.(放4的录音，完成4。)
T: Today many people like riding bicycles in the world.Why? Please listen to 4 and fill in the blanks.Step 6 Project
综合探究本课重点话题。
1.(复习所学的交通规则，并将其准确归类，看哪些行为是可行的，哪些是不可行的，列成表格。)
What we should do obey the traffic lights obey the traffic signs drive/walk…on the right-hand side of the road … What we shouldn’t do rush on the street park in the wrong places … …
2.(教师将学生分成小组，每组4人，各小组推选一名组长，组长负责监督各组员完成调查表，并核对大家在平常的生活中是否遵守交通规则。)
T: Work in groups of four.Look at the chart and check if you obey the traffic rules in your daily life.(教师让组长向全班汇报各组员遵守交通规则的情况，并作示范。)Example:
S1: Always obey the traffic rules.S2: Sometimes obey the traffic rules.S3: Never obey the traffic rules.…
3.Homework:
(写出不少于5个由if引导的条件状语从句。)
(1)Please make at least five sentences using “if”.Pay attention to the tense.(2)Look up the words in the box in 1a on P.45 and find out their meanings.(为新课做准备。)
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