【同济】大学英语实用写作理论考总结

第一篇：【同济】大学英语实用写作理论考总结

英语实用写作理论考总结

Principles of business communication:

“4 Cs”: conciseness 简洁, clarity清晰 correctness , courtesy 礼貌

Writing Memos

memo writing 定义：a memo

1.is used only for communication within a company

2.may be distributed top-down(from superiors to subordinates)or bottom-up(from

subordinates to superiors)

3.deals with a single topic

4.names its senders and recipients clearly

5.has short, easily readable paragraphs

6.may have sub-headings and numbered sub-sections

7.may be distributed electronically or in hard copy

Memo 开头部分需要4部分：

1、TO2、From3、Date4、Subject

Writing Letters of Request

The letters are written in block format, which is now the most common format for such letters.The main feature of this format is that everything(WITH THE POSSIBLE EXCEPTION OF THE COMPANY’S LETTERHEAD AND LOGO)is blocked or justified to the left side of the page.With this style, it is not necessary to use commas or full stops in the date, address, salutation, or close.Writing letters of complaint and adjustment

Letters of complaint normally include the following information:

1.an explanation of the problem

2.the consequences of the problem for both parties

3.a request to solve the problem

Letters of adjustment is a response to a letter of complaint.A letter of adjustment will normally include the following information in the given order.1.an offer of apologies

2.a summary of action taken to rectify the problems

3.an assurance of goodwill including the offer of compensation, if appropriate

Applying for jobs

TONE, STYLE AND ACCURACY IN JOB APPLICATION LETTERS

It is very important, but also quite difficult, to get the tone and style right in job application letters.Tone relates to whether the letter is polite/ not polite, boastful/ not boastful etc.Achieving an appropriately polite and non-boastful tone is essential for making the right impression on a prospective employer.Style relates to the level of formality and choice of words in a letter.A job application letter is a formal piece of writing and your choice of words will need to reflect this.Accuracy is vital in creating the best possible impression on an employer.Mailing a letter which contains errors of grammar, punctuation or spelling is completely unacceptable.A letter which contains such errors is not a mailable document and must be revised before it is read by an influential person who will evaluate you initially by your written communication skills.文章末尾Encl代表：One resume is enclosed 附带文件或简历

THE FUNCTIONS OF A RESUME

A resume always contains particular information in sequence and under certain headings:

1.Personal data

2.Education and qualifications

3.Extracurricular activities and awards(for fresh graduate job-seekers)

4.Special skills(e.g.languages and computer skills)

5.Hobbies and sports

6.Referees(normally two respected people who know you well as a student and/or employee)

LANGUAGE FEATURES OF RESUMES

The most important language feature of a resume is its simplicity-------it isunusual to use whole paragraphs or even whole sentences in writing a resume.This is because a resume needs to give accurate information as concisely and clearly as possible.The tone of the resume may appear to be abrupt but in fact a more accurate description is economical and reader-friendly.Key information can be very quickly found by the reader if the resume is written in a concise way.So, the language of resumes is very simple.The main feature appears under the heading Part-time Employment Record, that is, the use of action verbs in the simple past tense.These verbs placed at the beginning of a phrase help your writing to be dynamic and engaging for your readers.Writing the minutes of meetings

Minutes of a meeting are written for two main purposes:

1.to create a record of what took place in the meeting

2.to remind those at the meeting of the actions they need to take after the meeting

The language of minutes

When writing minutes, we need to use reported speech.Writing Persuasively(令人信服的)

3个APPEAL TO

1.appeal to reason

2.appeal to emotions

3.appeal to trust by emphasizing the status of the company and individuals within the company

Writing business proposals

FIVE AREAS IN WHICH AN IDEA NEEDS TO WORK:

1.THE TECHNICAL

2.THE RESOURCE-RELATED

3.THE FINANCIAL

4.THE SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL

Promoting products and services

The content of any promotional material must:

1.Arouse interest

2.Stress benefits

3.Be truthful

4.Be specific

Developing company profiles

A company profile provides prospective clients and customers with what the company considers to be key information about the organization.This will normally include:

1.Facts and figures about its major products and services

2.The history and development of the company

3.Its mission and philosophy

4.A statement of identity

5.a projection of its preferred image(including a logo)

第二篇：考博英语写作

考博英语写作模板、绝招

开头万能公式

1． 开头万能公式一：名人名言

有人问了，“我没有记住名言，怎么办？尤其是英语名言？”，很好办：编！

原理：我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的，包括我们欣赏的文章也是，所以尽管编，但是一定要听起来很有道理呦！而且没准将来我们就是名人呢！对吧？

经典句型：

A proberb says, “ You are only young once.”（适用于已记住的名言）

It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever.（适用于自编名言）

更多经典句型：

As everyone knows, No one can deny that… 2． 开头万能公式二：数字统计

原理：要想更有说服力，就应该用实际的数字来说明。

原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的，可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一，但编无妨，只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以不妨试用下面的句型：

According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation.看起来这个数字文邹邹的，其实都是编造出来的，下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造：

Honesty：根据最近的一项统计调查显示，大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。

Travel by Bike：根据最近的一项统计调查显示，85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。

Youth：根据最近的一项统计调查显示，在某个大学，学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。

Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work?：根据最近的一项统计调查显示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。

更多句型：

A recent statistics shows that …

结尾万能公式

1． 结尾万能公式一：如此结论

说完了，毕竟要归纳一番，相信各位都有这样的经历，领导长篇大论，到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话，我们马上停止开小差，等待领导说结束语。也就是说，开头很好，也必然要有一个精彩的结尾，让读者眼前一亮，这样，你就可以拿高分了！比如下面的例子：

Obviously, we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others.如果读者很难“显而见之”，但说无妨，就当读者的眼光太浅罢了！

更多过渡短语：

to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus

更多句型：

Thus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that… 2． 结尾万能公式二：如此建议

如果说“如此结论”是结尾最没用的废话，那么“如此建议”应该是最有价值的废话了，因为这里虽然也是废话，但是却用了一个很经典的虚拟语气的句型。拽！

Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.这里的虚拟语气用得很经典，因为考官本来经常考这个句型，而如果我们自己写出来，你说考官会怎么想呢？

更多句型：

Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken.Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken.（1）不同观点列举型（选择型）

There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文题目_____.But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.A majority of people think that _ 观点一________.In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____.So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter.Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______.In their point of view, on the one hand，___原因一_______.On the other hand, ____原因二_____.Therefore, there is no doubt that ___观点二______.As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______.It is not only because ________, but also because _________.The more _______, the more ________.（2）利弊型的议论文

Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)___作文题目______.In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____.Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows.Firstly, ___优点一______.And secondly ___优点二_____.Just As a popular saying goes, “every coin has two sides”, __讨论议题______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects.To begin with, ___缺点一______.In addition, ____缺点二______.To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.（3）答题性议论文

Currently, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)__作文题目_______.It is really an important concern to every one of us.As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem.First of all, __途径一______.In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文题目______, we should find a number of various ways.But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.（4）谚语警句性议论文

It is well know to us that the proverb: “ ___谚语_______” has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study.It means ____谚语的含义_______.The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows.(also theoretically)

A case in point is ___例子一______.Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语_____.The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.（5）图表作文的框架

As is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the

table(graph/picture/pie/chart), ___作文题目的议题_____ has been on rise/ decrease(goesup/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____.From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______.On the one hand, ________.On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________.In addition, ________ is responsible for _______.Maybe there are some other reasons to show ________.But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that _______.I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.（6）实用性写作（申请信)

Your address

Month, Date, year

Receiver's address Dear...，I am extremely pleased to hear from you./ to see your advertisement for the position in....And I would like to write a letter to tell you that.../ I am confident that I am suitable for the kind of the job you are advertising..../ I feel I am competent to meet the requirements you have listed.On the one hand,....On the other hand,....I am enclosing my resume for your kind consideration and reference.I shall be much obliged if you will offer me a precious opportunity to an interview.I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience/ I am looking forward to your replies at your earliest convenience.Best regards for your health and success.Sincerely yours，X X X 写作的“七项基本原则”

一、长短句原则

工作还得一张一驰呢，老让读者读长句，累死人！写一个短小精辟的句子，相反，却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末，也可以揭示主题：

As a creature, I eat;as a man, I read.Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar.如此可见，长短句结合，抑扬顿挫，岂不爽哉？牢记！

强烈建议：在文章第一段（开头）用一长一短，且先长后短；在文章主体部分，要先用一个短句解释主要意思，然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式，定会让主体部分妙笔生辉！文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。

二、主题句原则

国有其君，家有其主，文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成“群龙无首”之感！相信各位读过一些破烂文学，故意把主体隐藏在文章之内，结果造成我们稀里糊涂！不知所云！所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句，放在文章的开头（保险型）或者结尾，让读者一目了然，必会平安无事！

特别提示：隐藏主体句可是要冒险的！

To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam（主题句）.Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.三、一二三原则

领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点… 如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚，条理自然。破解方法很简单，只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。

1）first, second, third, last（不推荐，原因：俗）

2）firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally（不推荐，原因：俗）

3）the first, the second, the third, the last（不推荐，原因：俗）

4）in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly（不推荐，原因：俗）

5）to begin with, then, furthermore, finally（强烈推荐）

6）to start with, next, in addition, finally（强烈推荐）

7）first and foremost, besides, last but not least（强烈推荐）

8）most important of all, moreover, finally

9）on the one hand, on the other hand（适用于两点的情况）

10）for one thing, for another thing（适用于两点的情况）

建议：不仅仅在写作中注意，平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚！

四、短语优先原则

写作时，尤其是在考试时，如果使用短语，有两个好处：其

一、用短语会使文章增加亮点，如果老师们看到你的文章太简单，看不到一个自己不认识的短语，必然会看你低一等。相反，如果发现亮点—精彩的短语，那么你的文章定会得高分了。其

二、关键时刻思维短路，只有凑字数，怎么办？用短语是一个办法！比如：

I cannot bear it.可以用短语表达：I cannot put up with it.I want it.可以用短语表达：I am looking forward to it.这样字数明显增加，表达也更准确。

五、多实少虚原则

原因很简单，写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西，不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词，少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的时候，不应该之说nice这样空洞的词，应该使用一些诸如generous, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital 之类的形象词。再比如：

走出房间，general的词是：walk out of the room

但是小偷走出房间应该说：slip out of the room

小姐走出房间应该说：sail out of the room

小孩走出房间应该说：dance out of the room

老人走出房间应该说：stagger out of the room

所以多用实词，少用虚词，文章将会大放异彩！

六、多变句式原则

1）加法（串联）

都希望写下很长的句子，像个老外似的，可就是怕写错，怎么办，最保险的写长句的方法就是这些，可以在任何句子之间加and, 但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说：

I enjoy music and he is fond of playing guitar.如果是二者并列的，我们可以用一个超级句式：

Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm.其它的短语可以用：

besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover

2）转折（拐弯抹角）

批评某人缺点的时候，我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点，然后转入正题，再说缺点，这种方式虽然阴险了点，可毕竟还比较容易让人接受。所以呢，我们说话的时候，只要在要点之前先来点废话，注意二者之间用个专这次就够了。

The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition.The coat was thin, but it was warm.更多的短语：

despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, notwithstanding

3）因果（so, so, so）

昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩，然后我主动搭讪，然后我们去咖啡厅，然后我们认识了，然后我们成为了朋友…可见，讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序，先什么，后什么，所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系！

The snow began to fall, so we went home.更多短语：

then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, for this reason, so that

4）失衡句（头重脚轻，或者头轻脚重）

有些人脑袋大，身体小，或者有些人脑袋小，身体大，虽然我们不希望长成这个样子，可如果真的是这样了，也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。文章中如果出现这样的句子，就更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句的变形。

举例：This is what I can do.Whether he can go with us or not is not sure.同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分：

When to go, Why he goes away…

5）附加（多此一举）

如果有了老婆，总会遇到这样的情况，当你再讲某个人的时候，她会插一句说，我昨天见过他；或者说，就是某某某，如果把老婆的话插入到我们的话里面，那就是定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语。

The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine.I don’t enjoy that book you are reading.Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going.其实很简单，同位语--要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成；定语从句—借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中，但是whom or that 关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前。

6）排比（排山倒海句）

文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此，如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话，那么我希望你引用一个个的排比句，一个个得对偶句，一个个的不定式，一个个地词，一个个的短语，如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势！

Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated or simple, there is plenty in London for you.Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides.We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our potentials and to pay for our life.（气势恢宏）

要想写出如此气势恢宏的句子非用排比不可！

七、挑战极限原则

既然是挑战极限，必然是比较难的，但是并非不可攀！

原理：在学生的文章中，很少发现诸如独立主格的句子，其实也很简单，只要花上5分钟的时间看看就可以领会，它就是分词的一种特殊形式，分词要求主语一致，而独立主格则不然。比如：

The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills.Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China.如果您可一些出这样的句子，不得高分才怪！

文章主体段落三大杀手锏

一、举实例

思维短路，举实例！提出一个观点，举实例！提出一个方案，举实例！而且者也是我们揭示一个观点最好的方式，任何情况下，只要我们无法继续文章，不管三七二十一，尽管举例子！

In order to attract more customers, advertisers have adopted every possible stimulative factor in making ads, such as sound, light, colors, cartoon films and human performance.For instance, to advertise a certain food, advertisers will ask an actor or actress to sit at a table and devour the seemingly delicious food while they find him or her.更多句型：

To take … as an example, One example is…, Another example is…, for example

二、做比较

方法：写完一个要点，比较与之相似的；又写完一个要点，再比较与之相反的；

世界上没有同样的指纹，没有相同的树叶，文章亦同，只有通过比较，你才会发现二者的相同点（through comparison）和不同点（through contrast）。下面是一些短语：

相似的比较：

in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner

相反的比较：

on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with …, …

三、换言之

没话说了，可以换一句话再说，让你的文章在多一些字，或者文邹邹地说，是让读者更充分的理解你的观点。

实际就是重复重复再重复！下面的句子实际上就三个字 I love you!

I am enthusiastic about you.That is to say, I love you.I am wild about you.In other words, I have fallen in love with you.或者上面我们举过的例子：

I cannot bear it.可以用短语表达：I cannot put up with it.因此可以这样说：I cannot bear it.That is to say, I cannot put up with it or I am fed up with it.更多短语：

in more difficult language, in simpler words, put it more simply

第三篇：驾照理论考总结

道路交通标线

(一)车行道中心线 车行道中心线用来分隔对向行驶的交通流 中心虚线 表示在保证安全的原则下，车辆在超车和向左转弯时，可以越线行驶。白色或黄色虚线

中心单实线 表示不准车辆线行跨线超车，或压驶。白色或黄色虚线

中心双实线表示严格禁止车辆行跨线超车，或压驶。黄色或白色双实线 中心虚实线表示实线一侧禁止车辆越线超车或向左转弯，虚线一侧准许车辆越线超车或向左转弯，白色或黄色虚实线

(二)车道分界线用来分隔同向行驶的交通流1车道分界线 表示在保证安全的原则下，准许车辆跨线超车或变更车道行驶。白色虚线。

2导向车道线 表示不准车辆变更车道行驶。白色或黄色单实线。

(三)车行道边缘线 表示车行道的边线。白色实线或虚线

(四)停止线 表示车辆等候放行信号的停车位置。线为白色

(五)停车让行线 表示停车让行的停车位置。线为白色。

一.吊销驾驶证(罚款200~2000): 1.驾驶拼装报废车 2.违法逾期不接受处理 3.超速50% 4.把车交由 未取得驾照(无照)/驾照暂扣期间/驾照被吊销期间 的人驾驶

二.扣留机动车(200~2000):1.伪变造或使用伪变造机动车(驾驶证行驶证登记证保险标志检验合格标志)2.使用其它车辆的(行驶证登记证保险标志检验合格标志号牌)3.车上道行驶(未放置保险标志未放置检验合格标志未挂车号牌未随车带行驶证)

三.15日以下拘留:1.未取得驾照的人驾车 2.驾照暂扣期间驾车 3.被吊销期间驾车 4.肇事逃逸,尚不构成犯罪 5.醉酒后驾车

四.警告(20~200):1故意遮挡污损车号牌 2.不按规定安装车牌

五.酒后驾车:1饮酒后驾车,处暂扣驾照(1~3个月),罚款200~500 2.醉酒后驾车,由公安交管约束至酒醒,处(15日以下拘留)和暂扣3~6个月驾照,罚500~2000

六.以下全为自动挡车: 1.“D2挡”在(坡路行驶)2.“2挡”在(缓坡行驶)3.“P挡”驻车使用 4.在陡坡行驶,使用“L挡”(正确)5.起步时,(踏下制动踏板),从P挡换入其他挡 6.停放时,变速器操纵杆在(P挡)拔下钥匙 7.起动发动机时,变速器操纵杆放在(P挡)位置

七.高速同方向车道: 1.二 条车道 左:100~120 右:60~100 2.三条车道 左:110~120 中:90~110 右:60~80

3.三条以上/四车道 最左:110~120 中间二条:90~110 最右:60~80 4.进入高速加速车道,尽快提到(60公里)以上

八.肇事判刑: 1.交通肇事(逃逸致人死亡的),7~~15年有期 2.肇事逃逸或有其它恶劣情节,(3~~7年)有期 3.发生重大事故,致人重伤,死亡,使公私财产有重大损失构成交通肇事罪的,(3年以下)有期 <注意:是3年以下！！！有道判断题写的是以上一定要看清题目>

九.机动车<驶入 驶出 非机动车道/通过铁路道口急转弯 转弯 窄路 窄桥 掉头 下陡坡 牵引故障机动车 > 最高时速不准超过(30公里)

十.<不是高速>车遇<雨雾 沙尘 冰雹>天气,能见度在50米以内,最高时速不超过(30公里)

十一.1.小型.微型非营运客车,从注册日起,(6年)以内每2年检1次 2.小型.微型非营运客车,从注册日起,超过6年不满15年,每(1年)检1次

十二.<高速公路遇到 雨 雾 沙尘 冰雹！！>

（一）能见度小于200米时，开启雾灯、近光灯、示廓灯和前后位灯，车速不得超过每小时60公里，与同车道前车保持100米以上的距离；

（二）能见度小于100米时，开启雾灯、近光灯、示廓灯、前后位灯和危险报警闪光灯，车速不得超过每小时40公里，与同车道前车保持50米以上的距离；

（三）能见度小于50米时，开启雾灯、近光灯、示廓灯、前后位灯和危险报警闪光灯，车速不得超过每小时20公里，并从最近的出口尽快驶离高速公路。对于这三种情况，自己记忆为：261，145，520（首尾相连式）。

十三.吊二撤三醉五逃终身。也说是说：吊销是两年，撤销是三年，因为醉酒而吊销的是五年，因为逃跑而吊销的是终身。转自本论坛某贴！！！！！!

十四.一:机动车在没有限速标志.标线的情况下.没有道路中心线的城市道路规定最高时速为30公里.二:机动车在没有限速标志.标线的情况下.没有道路中心线的公路规定最高时速为40公里.三:机动车在没有限速标志.标线的情况下.如果同方向只有一条机动车道的城市道路规定.最高时速为50公里.四:机动车在没有限速标志.标线的情况下.如果同方向只有一条机动车道的公路规定.最高时速为70公里.十五.罚款选择项中有20--200 或200--2000的 选这两个 十六.关于日子的题，只有一个学习交法的是7天，其他警察办事的是10天，还有24小时，三个月啥题的不容易混。

十七.1 车在<公交站/急救站/加油站/消防队 站栓>(30米)以内,不得停车.2.车在<距交叉路口/隧道/陡坡/弯路/窄路>(50米)以内不得停车

十八.1.<不是高速> 车在 白天/夜间 在路上发生故障,难以移动,开危险报警闪光灯,在车后(50~100米)处设警告标志 2.<高速>上在车后150米处设警告标志 <高速大雾天就不要设了有道判断题>

十九.1.正常道路坡路会车,(下坡让上坡).2.冰雪路面坡路会车(上坡让下坡)(备:1.有三道过立交桥转弯题我也不太明白 2.发生交通事故都是民事责任,出现行事的都不对 3.公安交管部门都是吊销,撤销.交警是扣留 4.有三道交叉路口没灯没人的题,不太明白 例:右转弯让左转 转弯让直行 让右车道 自己死记吧 5.有横/侧风的就紧握方向盘吧 6.不是马上要正面相撞的就不要紧急制动了)

年龄在60周岁以上或者持有大型客车、牵引车、城市公交车、中型客车、大型货车、无轨电车、有轨电车准驾车型的机动车驾驶人，应当每年进行一次身体检查，在记分周期结束后十五日内，提交县级或者部队团级以上医疗机构出具的有关身体条件的证明。

1、机动车驾驶人在一个记分周期内累计记分达到12分的，接受教育后，车辆管理所应当在20日内对其进行科目一考试

2、机动车驾驶人在一个 记分周期内两次以上达到12分的，车辆管理所还应当在科目一考试合格后十日以内对其进行科目三考试。

公路70，城市50，没中心线：公路40，城市30 口5，站3，吊2，撤3，醉5，逃逸终生 口就是什么路口，隧道口50米 驾照吊销是2年

处以暂扣、吊销、扣车、拘留的行为

一、暂扣驾照

饮酒后驾驶机动车的，处暂扣一个月以上三个月以下机动车驾驶证；醉酒后驾驶机动车的暂扣三个月以上六个月以下机动车驾驶证。

饮酒后驾驶营运机动车的，处暂扣三个月机动车驾驶证；醉酒后驾驶营运机动车的，暂扣六个月机动车驾驶证。

二、吊销动车驾驶证

一年内有前两款规定醉酒后驾驶机动车的行为，被处罚两次以上的；

将机动车交由未取得机动车驾驶证或者机动车驾驶证被吊销、暂扣的人驾驶的； 机动车行驶超过规定时速百分之五十的；

驾驶拼装的机动车或者已达到报废标准的机动车上道路行驶的；

违反道路交通安全法律、法规的规定，发生重大交通事故，构成犯罪的； 造成交通事故后逃逸的;

道路交通违法行为人应当在十五日内到公安机关交通管理部门接受处理。无正当理由逾期未接受处理的，吊销机动车驾驶证；

三、扣留车辆

交通警察因收集证据的需要，可以扣留事故车辆，但是应当妥善保管，以备核查。公路客运车辆载客超过额定乘员的，货运机动车超过核定载质量的，由公安机关交通管理部门扣留机动车至违法状态消除。

上道路行驶的机动车未悬挂机动车号牌，未放置检验合格标志、保险标志，或者未随车携带行驶证、驾驶证的，公安机关交通管理部门应当扣留机动车，伪造、变造或者使用伪造、变造的机动车登记证书、号牌、行驶证、检验合格标志、保险标志、驾驶证；

使用其他车辆的机动车登记证书、号牌、行驶证、检验合格标志、保险标志的，由公安机关交通管理部门予以收缴；

机动车所有人、管理人未按照国家规定投保机动车第三者责任强制保险的，由公安机关交通管理部门扣留车辆 四、十五日以下拘留 醉酒后驾驶机动车的;醉酒后驾驶营运机动车的;未取得机动车驾驶证;

机动车驾驶证被吊销期间驾驶机动车的； 者机动车驾驶证被暂扣期间驾驶机动车的 造成交通事故后逃逸，尚不构成犯罪的；

强迫机动车驾驶人违反道路交通安全法律、法规和机动车安全驾驶要求驾驶机动车，造成交通事故，尚不构成犯罪的； 非法拦截、扣留机动车辆，不听劝阻，造成交通严重阻塞或者较大财产损失的;交警手势如下:这个绝对要记住,一定有考试题目！！！！！

1、直行、直行辅助很好记不用说了

【直行】

【直行辅助】

2、停止也很明显，手举过头顶，手掌向前（就是阻止的意思）。

【停止】

停止系列就停止和停止辅助（靠边停车）2个动作，所以只要有那个手举过头顶的，但不是停止的手势，一定是停止辅助（靠边停车）。

【停止辅助（靠边停车）】

3、转弯。只要交警的手是向上竖起弯曲的（转弯嘛），一定是转弯手势！

这时交警伸出的手臂指向哪就是往哪个方向转弯（很好理解吧）。

【左大转弯】 右转弯就一个手势，只要是弯曲手的手臂指向右方（不用管另只手什么样），就是

右转弯。

【右转弯】

左转弯待转是个特例，（左转弯待转看动作也好理解，让你停车，在那等会）不过很容易和责令违章车停车弄混，这里只要记住责令违章车停车是右手，记住：交警抬右手指地是让违章车停车！以后上路看到交警伸右手指地，你就小心了，哈哈

【左转弯待转】

【责令违章车停车】

这样记住了右手停车是责令停车，那么左手停车就是左转弯待转。

4、减速慢行，就是直行+停车，（又让你走又让你停，那不就是慢行吗？）

【减速慢行】

第四篇：考研英语写作怎么考高分

考研英语备考攻略：写作高分秘籍

考研英语写作怎么考高分?又是一个炎热的暑假，考研英语复习已经进入强化提高阶段。尽管天气炎热，容易浮躁，但为了实现自己的梦想，老师还是希望各位小伙伴可以沉下心来认真复习。在考研英语满分100分中，写作部分就占了30分，可见写作不容忽视。下面由太奇教育考研组老师将对试卷中的写作专项给大家从题型、复习方法等方面作出详细的讲解。

(一)题型介绍

写作是英语试卷中的第三部分，主要考查考生的书面表达能力，该部分由A、B30分。

A部分要求考生根据情景写出一篇约100分;B部分要求考生根据提示信息写出一篇160-200定情景、图、表等，满分20分。

鉴于B

(二)复习方法

1.精读提高实力

考研英语真题中的文章都是出题人从等杂志中选择的，文章地道，题材多样，2.3.默写

背完之后，不少小伙伴都反映记不住，老爱忘。根据艾宾浩斯的遗忘曲线来看，我们记住的事物具有容易遗忘的特点。因此必须调动多种感官同时记忆，并多次记忆，这样才能记的更长久。因此，太奇教育考研组老师建议小伙伴们在背诵完经典范文后再进行默写，并仔细对比原文，发现不足之处，包括在单词、标点等方面的不足，并在今后的背诵学习中多加注意。

4.仿写

有了前面的积累之后，相信你们肚子里已经有很多料了，太奇教育考研组老师希望此时小伙伴们能够模仿之前背诵的文章，写出新的文章。作文一定要多写多练，每次都找到自己的有点与不足，优点继续保持，不足之处要不断改进。

5.掌握技巧

有了前面的四步积累，太奇教育考研组老师相信小伙伴们已经掌握了写作技巧。但由于考场上时间有限，太奇教育考研组老师建议小伙伴们根据之前的积累形成自己的万能框架，运用于考场写作中，这可达到事半功倍的效果。但值得注意的是，框架最多只能占作文总字数的一半，剩下的一半要根据实际考题现场发挥。不然一味的死搬硬套，不灵活运用，会出现“下笔千言，离题万里”的结果。

考研英语写作怎么考高分?总的来说，写作方面的讲解多多练习，不断进步，最终实现自己的梦想，考入理想中的学校。

第五篇：《大学英语B》网考写作

英语作文：

1)Why I Like Learning English(我为什么喜欢学英语)

Why I like learning English? Firstly, English is very useful.English is the most widely used language in the world.If we make a visit to foreign countries or do business with foreigners, we need to communicate with them in English.Secondly, with China becoming stronger and stronger, we have more chances to go abroad.We can know the English-speaking countries much deeper if we know English.Both China and English-speaking countries have realized the importance of the culture exchanging.Above all, English is 5)My Study Plan（我的学习计划）

A new semester is coming, in order to study English well, I make a study plan.First, try to remember 20 words from dictionary everyday.Second, go over grammar points I have learnt in English class regularly.Third, form a habit of reading an English article in China Daily every day.Fourth, write an English composition every week and ask teacher to revise that for me to improve the writing level.Fifth, listen to English radio as often as possible to improve my listening.useful and important, we must master English.2)About Self-study（关于自学）

As adult students in Shanghai TV University, self-study becomes very important.According to me, there are several pieces of tips of self-study.First, I always make a study plan in the beginning of a new semester.Second, preview every unit before the lesson.Third, try to finish the homework after class.Fourth, go over what I have learnt in class regularly at home.Without review, you will absolutely forget what you’ve learnt as quickly as possible.So reviewing is helpful in understanding and memorizing what you’ve learnt.3)My English Study / About English study（我的学习计划）

English is always my favorite subject and I am good at English.I would like to share 4 good studying habits with you.First, remember 20 new words, and never give up.Second, go over grammar points I have learnt in English class regularly.Third, read an English article in China Daily every day.Fourth, write an English composition every week and ask teacher to revise that for me to improve the writing level.If you do things above, I am sure your English will also be improved.4)How to Overcome Difficulties in My English Studies（如何克服英语学习中的困难）

I have made a lot of improvements in English.The following is my way to overcome the difficulties.Everyday, I do half an hour’s morning reading to try to pronounce every word out.And I will then spend half an hour listening to English radios like BBC to correct my pronunciation.Because I have trouble in English grammar, I attend a full-time English class of STVU to study grammar.The teacher recommends me to buy a grammar book—《Advanced English Grammar》.It helps me with my English study a lot.These above are what I have done to overcome my difficulties.人物：

6)My Classmates（我的同学）

Liu Kai is my classmate.He is a good student and always ready to help others.One day on his way to school, he saw a little girl crossing the road when a car nearly hit her.Just then Liu Kai rushed up to her and caught her by the arm.The little girl was saved.She told him where she lived, and he took her home.When Liu Kai hurried into the classroom, the teacher had already begun lesson.He told the teacher why he was late.He was then praised for what he had done.7)My Best / Closed Friend(我最好的朋友)

Linda is my best friend.She is 15 years old pretty girl with a round face and two big black eyes.She always has a smile on her face.Every morning, we go to school together.She studies quite well and she's one of the top students in our class.When I have difficulty in English, I always ask her for help.We are both interested in music.At weekends, we join the same hobby group and play the violin together.We like each other and enjoy staying together.8)My Teacher/ A Teacher to Remember(难忘的老师)

My English teacher is Miss Huang.She is a beautiful lady.There is always a smile on her face.Miss Huang likes singing.She is good at playing the piano.In the evening, she always sits in front of the piano and plays nice music.She is a good dancer, too.Sometimes she teaches us dancing.Miss Huang likes dogs very much because the dog is very friendly and cute.Her favorite color is blue, because blue is the color of the sky and the sea.She is my favorite teacher.Our classmates all like her very much.活动安排

9)My Plan for the Spring Festival（春节计划）

Spring festival is the most important festival for Chinese people.Many people will prepare many things for the spring festival.Now this is my plan for the spring festival.The first, I will visit my friends and my relatives.The second, I will make a big snow man with my daughter and my wife.The third, I will stay with my parents, because I have no more time to stay with them at peacetime.This is my plan for the spring festival.I hope all of you have a good time in the spring festival.10)My Plan for the National Day Holiday（国庆节安排）

National Holiday is coming.There are altogether 7 days, so I need to plan it in advance.Firstly, I plan to have a good rest for the first 2 days when I can have a good sleep and don’t worry to get up late, and then do a good cleaning of the home.Secondly, I would go to Zhouzhuang, a traditional southern town with my husband for a 2 days’ trip.I hope I like it.Thirdly, I would fly to Beijing to attend my classmate’s wedding.These above are my plans for the National Holiday.11)A Day to Remember（难忘的一天）

It was Sunday.Our teacher Mr.Zhu led us to a park nearby.Usually we go to the park to spend our holiday.But today we went there to take part in voluntary labor.We got there at nine o’clock.Mr.Zhu divided us into three groups and then we began working.Group One was responsible to plant trees and water flowers.Group Two were busy collecting litter left by the tourists.I was in Group Three.We went to the children’s playground and cleaned all the equipment there.We worked very hard.At about eleven we finished work.We all were tired but very happy.I will never forget the day in my memory.12)My Plan for the Summer Vacation（我的暑期计划）

The longing summer vacation is approaching, it is the best part of the school year for me.I cannot let the holidays elapse(逝去)meaninglessly, my vacation should be a phase(时期、阶段)of harvest.The events in my plan should give me a sense of infinite potential.The following plan may reveal the intensity of my desire to travel, work and study in this vacation.In the first few days I want to climb Mount Hua Shan with several friends to refresh ourselves.Then I tend to visit relatives, senior school teachers and former classmates(老同学).Besides, to find out the best ways to cultivate my abilities, I will find a part time job and conduct some social investigation.In short, I want to do interesting things in the summer vacation.Whatever I do, the goal is the same: to get necessary experience, acquire knowledge and broaden my horizons.Though the six week vacation will pass away at lightning speed, its influence is bound to last long.13）．The Experience I will not Forget/ An Unforgettable Experience(难忘的经历)

I used to be absent-minded.The first time I went to a concert with my girlfriend, I left the tickets at home.So I had to go bank for the tickets.On the we were one hour late for the concert.You can sorry I felt.But since then I have never been absentminded again.So my girlfriend said an event which seemed bad might turn out to be good.14)

The Chinese New Year（中国新年）

“New Year” is a time for good cheer.In China men and women, boys and girls, all look forward to a happy year.It is time for rest and refreshment.Business is suspended for a time.Young fellows lay aside their school work and give themselves up to merriment and joy.Each family has its members together for reunion.Friends call on one another.Public places are filled with all kinds of cheerful people.Children with lucky money in their new clothes have a delightful time playing games.The Chinese New Year lasts about a fortnight.It gives sufficient recreation to people.喜好：

15)The Job I Like（我喜欢的工作）

I like to be a teacher.Three reasons have led me to choose this occupation.First, teaching is learning.To make my lectures more constructive and stimulating, I have to read more books, explore new knowledge and gain a better understanding of the world, which is the very thing I enjoy in my life.Second, teaching means freedom and independence.As a teacher, I’m free to use my own ideas and make my own decisions.Finally, I like teaching because it offers certain peace of mind.All in all, the reasons above make me like teaching best.16)My Favorite TV program(我最喜欢的电视节目)

The News Report has always been my favorite TV program.The News Report contains a large amount of information ranging from the international political situation to the latest football game.And the most important character is its fast pace.Because of this fast pace, news programs can contain much information in a short time.In my opinion, the News Report is more than a TV program.It is a way of communication.From this program, people can know and understand world affairs.I especially appreciate this benefit of watching the news.18)My Favorite Book

19)The Book I Like Best（我最喜欢的书）

My favorite book is “Dream of The Red Chamber”.The book tries to tell us that there are different kinds of love, only one kind which should be considered as True Love.In our life, we should marry the true love instead of wealth and good looks.From this book, we also get to know a part of the noble people’s life in Qing Dynasty and find some life philosophies from it.So this book is very instructive to people.We should learn more from this book as well as other books

20)My Favorite Food（我最喜欢的食物）

I like many different kinds of foods, among them, egg is my favorite.Egg contains a lot of essential nutrients needed by the human body.Eggs are oval shaped spheres with a light brown color.Egg is the basic ingredient to many dishes, like omelet and French toast.You can easily get eggs at any supermarket, and they are sold for a very cheap price too.Besides the cheap price, egg contains lots of nutrients and is a very good source of energy.In conclusion, egg is my favorite food.21)My Hobbies（我的爱好）

I have many hobbies, such as sports, singing, playing the violin and keeping a diary.I like sports very much.I go running at five o'clock in the morning.After classes in the afternoon, I play table-tennis with my friends.These sports have kept me healthy.At home, I like to sing and play the violin.I practice singing and playing the violin every day.Busy as I am, I am quite happy.Of all my hobbies I like reading books best.In my bedroom there are nearly six hundred books.There are story books, textbooks, magazines, and others.All these books have enriched my knowledge.22）How I Spend My Spare Time（我是如何度过闲暇时间的）

The most important duties of college students are studying.But besides studying, we should also enjoy a good life in our leisure time.There are many ways of spending the spare time.My ways are as follows.First of all, I spend about half of my leisure time is listening to music.In this way, I can thoroughly relax myself both physically and mentally;thus, I am able to study well in the future.Secondly, I consume part of my spare time by doing some exercises.Basketball is my favorite sports game.Jogging will keep me fit.Finally, reading is necessary.A good book can take me to a mysterious place where I have never been to.These are the major ways I spend my spare time.Of course, I won't forget “Time is money”.After my spare time, I will come to study at once.23）My favorite Sport（我最喜欢的运动）

My favorite sport is basketball.It looks so cool on TV.I have been crazy about those basketball stars, especially Yao Ming, ever since I was a child.Basketball requires speed, height and skills.All parts of my body are exercised in this sport.Furthermore, basketball is a sport more than just exercising.It is teamwork.No one can play himself.A team should work together.So I learn to cooperate with others in this game.I play basketball twice a week.I make many friends through this sport.家庭、家乡、友谊：

24)My Family（我的家庭）

There are seven people in my family.They're my grandfather, grandmother, father, mother, my two younger brothers and I.My father is a businessman.He's busy working everyday.My mother is a housewife.She cooks meals, washes clothes, and teaches us lessons everyday.One of my younger brothers is a junior high school student, and we go to the same school.My grandparents help my parents look after the youngest brother every day.We go to the movies every Sunday.How's your family?

25）My Family Life（我的家庭生活）

Like most ordinary Chinese families, my family life is busy and meaningful.My family members often get up at about 6:30am.I drive my daughter to her school, then I go to my work.My wife takes subway to her company.Around 4:30 p.m., I pick up my daughter and do some grocery shopping.My wife is good at cooking.So when we arrive home, a delicious meal is waiting for us.During the eating, we chat about the interesting things in the daytime.After the supper, we watch TV program a while and go to bed at 10 p.m.26)Living in a Big Family（生活在大家庭中）

I live in a big family with 4 generations together.There are 5 people in my family.We share a 3-bedroom flat with each other.My grandparents have got retired and enjoy the love from the grandchild-me.My parents both work in a bank.I study in Fudan University and like the college life very much.Every weekday, we are busy with our own business.But on weekends, our whole family will gather together with Mum cooking delicious food.I love my family and enjoy living in a big family.27)My Hometown（我的家乡）

My hometown is Haimen, which is not far from Shanghai.Haimen is a modern city.There are lots of high buildings in it.Most of us live in flats because we can be close to our friends.My hometown is a beautiful city.On either side of the roads, there are some big trees and nice flowers.The roads are also very clean, which makes people happy and comfortable.The weather here is very nice.I like autumn best, for it’s neither hot nor cold but very cool.I love Haimen.Welcome to my hometown.28）Living in a big city（生活在大城市）

In the eyes of many people, city life is attractive with all its advantages and conveniences.People can buy almost all kinds of things at supermarkets or shopping malls, dine out in good restaurants;and more important, they can have more educational opportunities.However, with the expansion of the city, more and more people are flowing into the big city.Now the traffic is heavier and heavier.The pollution problem is getting more and more serious.The living condition is worse and worse.Most people love the advantages of city life, but a big city also has its disadvantages.29)About Friendship（关于友谊）

Friendship is a kind of human relations.It is a human instinct to make friends.When in trouble, we need friends to offer us help, support and encouragement.With success achieved, we also need friends to share our joys.Friendship is one of the greatest pleasures that we can enjoy.It implies loyalty, cordiality, sympathy, affection, and readiness to help.In short, when we have established friendship, we ought to cherish and treasure it.Only thus, can we develop real friendship and keep the sacred lamp of friendship burning all our life.健身：

30)How to Keep Healthy

31)How to Keep Healthy 32）Ways to Keep Fit（保持身体健康）

Nowadays more and more people are concerned about their health, but how to keep healthy?

First, it is necessary to take some exercise every day.Research shows that getting plenty of exercise makes the heart beat faster and the lungs work harder.Second, eat more fruits, vegetables and less meat.Third, getting rid of bad habits like smoking and drinking is also an important way to keep healthy.Smoking and alcohol drinking injure one's health a great deal, and therefore should be given up.If people follow these three ways of keeping fit, they’ll greatly improve their health.31）Health and Wealth（健康和财富）

Health and wealth, which one is more important? Different people

have different opinions about it.Some think that wealth means everything.With a lot of money, they can buy a big house, an expensive car, beautiful clothes, and so on.On the other hand, some other people believe that health is more important than wealth.A healthy body is the foundation for a successful career and the base for getting wealth.For me, I think health is much more important than wealth;it is

unwise to spend one’s health buying his wealth.32）.Health and Eating Habit（健康和饮食习惯）

Eating habit is closely related to health.In order to keep fit, we should pay more attention to our eating habits.My tips on good eating habits are as follows:

First, don’t eat too much or too little for each meal.Eating too much will cause overweight and eating too little is bad for health too.Second, don’t eat between meals.Sometimes we like eating a little before the mealtime;as a result, we lose our appetite for lunch or dinner.Third, eat more vegetables and fruit every day.As the saying goes, “An apple a day makes the doctor away.” In my opinion, a good eating habit leads to a healthy life.利弊：

33)Advantages and Disadvantages of the Mobile Phone（手机的利弊）

Like everything else, mobile phones have both favorable and unfavorable aspects.First, it's useful.As a wireless mobile telephone, it's easy and handy to call wherever one goes and call the one however far away he is.Second, it's convenient.Whenever one meets trouble or something urgent, one can make a call immediately.However, the mobile phone also has many disadvantages.First, it's expensive to buy and costly to pay the bills.Second, it's also easy to lose and costly to get it repaired.Third, it's alleged the microwaves in it might do harm to people's health.I believe its advantages will far outweigh disadvantages soon.34）The Advantages of Hosting the Olympic Games（召开奥运会的好处）

There are many advantages of hosting the Olympic Games.First, it has a major effect on the economy.It will create many opportunities come to the games and the host city will quicken is construction of infrastructure.Third, it can arouse common people’s interest in English.As a result, it is good for our fellow-citizens to improve their English.We will hold 29th Olympic Games in Beijing.The great changes have been amazing in the city.Therefore, I think hosting the Olympic Games is rewarding.关于自己：

35)My Dream（我的梦想）

I have a dream from the first time I sit in a car—I want to drive.Driving is the most meaningful way to meet human being’s desire of “faster”.What’s more, driving a car can take me to any place I want whether it rains, snows, blows or not.A smooth ride in a good car is enjoyable.With rows of trees moving backward rapidly, music played, breeze blowing, my soul flies in the air.I love this feeling very much.36）Talking about myself（谈论自己）

My name is Holly.I am 37 years old.I am from Beijing.I am a maths teacher in a primary school.My school is far away from my home, so I usually drive to work.There are three people in my family.They are my wife, my daughter and I.my wife is a doctor in a big hospital and my daughter is a ten-year-old pupil.In my spare time, I like reading books, watching TV playing table tennis and so on.I hope we can be friends.37)Happy Things in My Childhood（童年趣事）

It is impossible to recall all the past, but I can assure you that my childhood is a pleasant one to me.When I was in kindergarten, I was very popular with my playmates because of my naughtiness.Once I made an arrow, with which I hurt one of my playmates and received scolding from my mother afterwards.When I grew up, my father and mother dare not allow me to play outside.But sometimes when we had time they would bring me to the parks, movies and went swimming.I liked swimming very much.Thank them for teaching me swimming.I liked to play with my play games because I was only a boy.My mother often scolded me when I didn't get home after school but never too severely.I love my parents.I do think it is one of the best years in my whole life.38)My First Year at college（我大学第一年的生活）

I have been in the college for one year.My college life here is pretty.The teachers in my college are very knowledge.They not only teach me what’s on the textbooks, but also show me how to be a good person.The major courses as well as optional courses enhance my knowledge and broaden my views.Besides, the library of our university provides me with books and resources so that I can read extensively.Besides getting good education here, I also take part in many after-school activities.For example, I am a player on the university football team, and I also do some volunteer work at weekends.Sports are my favorite, such as jogging, basketball, swimming, tennis, table tennis, soccer, badminton and so on.They help me relax after class and build a strong body.I like making friends with all my classmates, my roommates and others.I love learning from my friends.I enjoy my college life and I am very glad and proud to learn and live on our beautiful campus.议论：

39)The Computer(电脑)

Nowadays, computers are becoming more and more popular.Computers can help different people in different ways.They can help children with lessons and homework, help students and scholars do calculations, analyze data and present the latest achievements.Furthermore, they can assist engineers and experts in the design of a mold, a bridge or a spaceship.Besides, computers can offer fun and entertainment to us with the internet games, movies, and etc.Indeed, computers have become a good companion of man.40）Private cars（私家车）

In recent years, with the improvement of life condition, more and

more families have private cars.As the saying goes, “A coin has two sides.” On the one hand, the

private cars provide convenience for our lives.People can drive the cars getting around the city easily.On the other hand, with the sharp increase of private cars, the air pollution becomes worse;the traffic jam is more serious;the road accidents more frequently occur.Moreover, it is hard to find a place to park the car and it is costly too.So, if possible, take a walk instead of a drive.41）High School Life and College Life（高中生活和大学生活）

High School Life is quite different from college life.In high school, students have to wear school uniform.Teachers always ask students to do many tasks in the classroom.In a college, students have to be responsible for themselves.They have more freedom than those in high school.For example, they put on the casual clothes instead of uniform.Tutors give them lectures and assignments, and they must spend more time studying by themselves in the library.That means students must manage themselves very well.45）Water and Life（水和生命）

While we are enjoying the rich fruits of modern industrialization, we are losing something precious on this planet.Fresh water, among others, is dwindling down day by day, owing to the large-scale industrialization everywhere in the world.Just as sunshine is a necessity to life, so is fresh water.Without fresh water, our human society would come to a stop.As fresh water is such an important resource to the human society, we Although I often recall my high school life, I like college life more.42）Water Pollution（水污染）

Everybody knows that there is serious problem of water pollution on the earth.Yes, water pollution is increasing.Look!The water in the river is getting dirtier and dirtier.Most of fish in the water have died, and we can’t swim in the water.My grandfather says, when he was very little, the water in the river was very clean.He often swam in the river with his friends.That was before, but now we can’t see such clean rivers.Let’s protect the water from pollution, because we can’t live without water.The water is really important to us all.43）On Money（关于金钱）

Money is considered by many people as the most important thing in life.With money, they can go wherever they please and do whatever they want.With money, they can buy a fine house, fashionable clothes and so on.In a word, money can make people comfortable and bring them happiness.However, money is also the source of all crimes and brings them misery.Since money is so tempting, quite a few people are attracted by it and begin to go astray.To get more money, they gamble, steal, rob or do many other evil things, for “money makes the mare go”.As a result, money leads them to jail.Of course money is useful and desirable, yet we should make money in proper way and spend our money on proper things.44）Bad manner in public（公共场合的不礼貌行为）

Although we consider ourselves as highly advanced beings living in a civilized society, bad manners can still be found here and there.For example, some cyclists run the red traffic lights, many passengers litter waste papers and plastic bags in the public places, and some tourists scrabble in tourist attractions, let alone spit on the street.In the cinema, some audience talk loudly on cell phones in front of others.I’m strongly against talking loudly in the cinema, for this behavior shows no respect at all to others;what’s more, it upsets the audience who are in the mood of having fun.need to treasure is as we treasure our life, but how?

First, our government should have a good plan for the use of fresh water and develop industries that consume less water.Second, waste water must be recycled.Finally everyone of us should do his bit to save water.46）My Opinion on Cell Phones（我对手机的看法）

Cell phones do play an important role in people’s daily life, but every coin has its two sides.To start with, as a wireless mobile phone, it’s convenient for the user at any time to contact others.Secondly, it’s a helpful companion.With a multifunctional cell phone in hand, one can easily surf the net, downloading what he needs.However, the cell phone has many disadvantages.For one thing, the machine itself is very expensive and its local service is very costly, not to mention its global service.For another, the radiation from the mobile phones might do harm to the user’s health.In my opinion, with its expenses being reduced sharply after China’s entry into the WTO, its development will have a brighter future.Therefore its advantages will far outweigh its disadvantages.47）.About Newspaper（报纸）

I like newspapers.I read newspapers every day.We can learn not only international and national events but also many other things in the newspapers.For example, we can learn what is on TV or in the cinema.We can learn how to invest.We can learn how to save money by shopping in cheap places.We can learn where to travel.We can enjoy wonderful literature.We can learn how to cook delicious food.Newspapers have become part of our life.应用文：

48)你的一位外国朋友给你来信，打算到中国旅游。你给他回信，提出旅游建议。你的回信应包括下列内容： 1.接到朋友的来信； 2.你对旅游的安排计划及理由； 3.表达你希望见到朋友的心愿。Dear Sam: I have just received your letter and know that you are going to come to China to see me.I am really excited by it.You know I miss you so much.In your letter, you mentioned your travel plan.I advise you to go to Beijing and Xi’an.There are many royal buildings in Beijing like Palace Museum, Summer Palace.Xi’an is typical of old China.There are lots of historical buildings there, especially those of Qin Dynasty.I hope you enjoy your stay in China.I am looking forward to your coming.Yours ever

John

49)选择一个你想旅游的地点，并安排旅行计划。你应包括下列内容： 1.说明你想旅游的地点； 2.说明你为什么选择这个地点； 3.描述你的旅行计划。Dear Amy, I plan to make a journey to Jiuzhaigou in Si Chuan province.It’s a beautiful place with fresh air, beautiful natural scenery like waterfall, lake and high mountains.Because many films and TV series have been made here, it is very famous.What’s more, I am very busy and exhausted this year, so I want to go for a relaxation.I plan to stay there for a week and travel with a tour group.I believe I will enjoy myself there.Regards

Yours ever

Tim

50)你的朋友邀请你参加他/她的生日聚会，告诉对方你不能接受他/她的邀请。你应包括下列内容： 1.告诉对方你不能接受他/她的邀请； 2.对对方的邀请表示感谢； 3.说明无法接受邀请的原因。Dear Lisa: Congratulations on your coming birthday.Thanks for your invitation, but I am sorry that I am afraid I am not able to attend your birthday party.You know, our company will hold an important meeting in our Paris branch to talk about the recent trouble appearing in business.I am the one who needs to make a presentation.I am terribly sorry for that.Anyway, I hope everything goes well in your birthday party.Remember to show me the pictures taken in the party when I come back from business trip.Best regards!

Yours ever

Susan

51)假如你是李明，遗失了一本书。你应包括下列内容： 1.书在哪里遗失的； 2.这本书对你很重要； 3.拾到者应该如何和你联系。

Dear All:

I lost a book at 5 pm on December 29th in room 210 of Wenxin Building.The title of the book is 《Advanced English Grammar》.This book is very important and helpful to me, for I am bad at grammar.The final examination is getting nearer and nearer and I am worried about my English exam very much.Anyone who finds the book please contact Li Ming on ***.I will be very grateful to you and your kindness.I am looking forward to your calls.Li Ming

Dec.30th 52)你应邀到一位好友家吃晚饭。事后给朋友写信表示谢意。你的信应包括下列内容： 1.表达谢意； 2.表达想回请的意愿； 3.期待朋友的光临。Dear Amy:

Thanks for your invitation to your home last night.I enjoy the food very much.I will hold a small party to celebrate my birthday on November 12th, and I will invite a lot of friends to have dinner at my home, would you like to join us? Oh, there will also be a band to perform live music.I think it will be exciting to dance with the live music.Please be sure to come.I am looking forward to your coming.Yours

Cynthia 53）

1.了解对方毕业后的情况。2.你的近况。

3.邀请对方方便时来访。

Dear Robert:

Haven’t seen you for a long time since we graduated.I’m told that you are in Beijing now.What have you been doing these years? Do you keep in touch with other classmates?

I have been working in SHTVU since my graduation and now I’m engaged in the distance education, which is quite new to me, but I enjoy it very much because it involves a lot of multimedia in my teaching.I’m greatly moved by my students who are adults and study very hard in their spare time.I miss you very much.I would be very pleased if you pay a visit to Shanghai and I believe that we’ll certainly have a good time then.Looking forward to hearing from you.Best regards Jean

54）

1.告诉对方你最近将出去旅游。2.了解对方所在地的旅游点。3.请对方给予帮忙安排。Dear Robert: How is everything going with you these days? I’d like to let you know that I’m going to Hainan to have a holiday next Saturday and stay there for about ten days.Hainan is the place that I’ve been wanting to visit most.Since it is your hometown, could you give me a very brief introduction about where to stay, where to eat and what to see? I’m told that Sanya is really very beautiful and there are many different interesting activities that people can enjoy very much.Would you please book a hotel for me in the center of Sanya if it is convenient? Well, I feel very excited that we’ll see each other very soon.Looking forward to hearing from you.Much love!Jean 55）

1、了解对方近来的情况。

2、通知对方同学将在元旦举行聚会。

3、请对方参加。Dear Robert: Haven’t got your email for a long time.Are you still working for that IT company? How about your work? I’m writing to you to tell you that the English Department of Shanghai University takes pleasure in inviting the graduates to its New Year’s Evening, which will be held at the Assembly Hall on Saturday evening, December 31st, 2005.The party begins at 7 p.m.I think it’s a good chance for us to get together, would you please email me whether you will go to the party?

Looking forward to hearing from you.Best wishes Jean

56）

了解对方最近的学习情况。你的学习情况。

请对方说说提高英语水平的经验。

Dear Robert:

Very pleased to get your email and know that you are now studying in Qinghua University, which is well known in the world.How about your study and life there?

Since I am now working in an American company and my English is poor, you know, I have to use English every day, I began studying English in SHTVU this summer.But it’s really very hard for adults to work in the day and study in the evening and on weekends.And the most difficult for me is how to memorize all these English words.I know that you are good at English.Would you tell me your own experience in English study and give me some good tips? Well, take care of yourself!Looking forward to hearing from you.Best wishes Jean 57）1.你的近况。

2.请对方帮你购买英语语法书。3.邀请对方方便时来访。

Dear Robert:

Haven’t got your email for some time and how about you? I am worried about my English study very much since the final examination is getting nearer and nearer.I’ve got some problems in my study, especially in grammar.Sometimes, I’m quite confused with different tenses.So my teacher recommended me a grammar book, 《Advanced English Grammar》, which can be bought in Beijing.Could I trouble you to buy one for me?

We haven’t seen each other since we parted.I hope you will take a vocation to Shanghai

and I have a lot to tell you.How great we will be together!Looking forward to hearing from you.Good luck!Jean

58）

1．告诉对方你将参加英语四级考试。2．询问对方如何做准备。3．请对方建议一些参考书。Dear Robert: I’d like to tell you that your tips for study are really very helpful to me and now I have confidence in myself and take every chance to communicate with others in English.With my great efforts I have now made rapid progress in my English study.So I’m going to take CET-4 next term.I know that you passed it last year.Would you tell me how I can get prepared for it and what should I pay attention to? I don’t want to fail it.It’s said that if you want to succeed in passing it, you should do a lot of tests.I think you must have much experience in it, could you recommend me some books for practice? Looking forward to hearing from you.Best wishes Jean 9