2011年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案2011年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案(快速阅读部分

第一篇：2011年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案2011年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案(快速阅读部分

2011年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案（快速阅读部分）

快速阅读：

Why Integrity Matters

为什么正直很重要

What is Integrity?

正直是什么？

“Integrity” is defined as “adherence to moral and ethical principles； honesty．” The key to integrity is consistency－－not only setting high personal standards for oneself（honesty，responsibility，respect for others，fairness）but also living up to those standards each day． One who has integrity is bound by and follows moral and ethical standards even when making life's hard choices，choices which may be clouded by stress，pressure to succeed，or temptation．对于“integrity”（正直）这个词的定义是“坚守道德伦理原则，诚实”，达到正直的关键是一致性：不仅给自己树立高标准（诚实守信、有责任感、尊重他人、公平公正），更要坚持不懈遵守这些标准。正直的人即使在面对人生中艰难的选择时，比如饱受精神压力、不许失败的外部压力或者充满诱惑的选择，他也能感到道德伦理的约束并遵守准则。

What happens if we lie，cheat，steal，or violate other ethical standards? We feel disappointed in ourselves and ashamed． But a lapse of integrity also affects our relationships with others． Trust is essential in any important relationship，whether personal or professional． Who can trust someone who is dishonest or unfair? Thus，integrity must be one of our most important goals．

如果我们说谎了、骗人了、偷盗了、违背其他伦理准则了会如何？我们会对自己感到失望、感到羞愧。正直的缺失对人际关系也会产生影响。在任何重要的人际关系中，不论是私人关系还是职业关系，信任都是必不可少的。可是谁能去相信一个不诚实、不公正的人呢？所以说，正直绝对是我们最重要的目标之一。

Risky Business

风险那些事

We are each responsible for our own decisions，even if the decision－making process has been undermined by stress or peer pressure． The real test of character is whether we can learn from our mistake，by understanding why we acted as we did，and then exploring ways to avoid similar problems in the future．

我们每个人都需要对自己的决定负责，即便在做决定的过程中受到了精神压力或同事施加的压力的影响。对于性格的真正考验是看我们能否从过错中吸取经验，解析自己为什么会犯下过错，从而去探索方法，在将来避免类似问题。

Making ethical decisions is a critical part of avoiding future problems． We must learn to recognize risks，because if we can't see the risks we're taking，we can't make responsible choices． To identify risks，we need to know the rules and be aware of the facts． For example，one who doesn't know the rules about plagiarism may accidentally use words or ideas without giving proper credit，or one who fails to keep careful research notes may unintentionally fail to quote and cite sources as required． But the fact that such a violation is “unintentional” does not excuse the misconduct． Ignorance is not a defense．

想要避免将来犯错，做出合乎道德的决定至关重要。我们必须学会认识风险，因为看不到自己承担的风险就做不出负责的决定。想要认识风险，我们需要知道事情的规则，并对实际情况有所察觉。比方说，一个不清楚剽窃规则的人可能不经意间没有向作者守信便用了他的话或观点，一个在研究过程中没有仔细记录资料来源的人可能无意中忘了将资料标注为引用而直接使用。这样的违规虽然不是有意为之，但“无意”并不能作为行为不端的借口，无知不能作为辩护。

“But Everybody Does It”

别说“每个人都这么干”

Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts，but manage to fool themselves about the risks they're taking by using excuses： “Everyone else does it，” “I'm not hurting anyone，” or “I really need this grade．” Excuses can get very elaborate： “I know I'm looking at another's exam，even though I'm supposed to keep my eyes on my own paper，but that's not cheating because I'm just checking my answers，not copying．” We must be honest about our actions，and avoid excuses． If we fool ourselves into believing we're not doing anything wrong，we can't see the real choice we're making－－and that leads to bad decisions．

惹祸上身的人中绝大多数都知道规则和事实，但是他们总能找借口来忽悠自己，抹去所承担的风险，比如“人人都这么干”、“我又没害谁”、“我真的需要这个分数”。有些理由还很复杂：“我知道自己有偷看其他人的试卷，虽然我应该只把目光放在自己的卷子上。但那不是作弊，我不过是核对一下答案，没有抄袭。”我们的行为必须诚实，不要给自己找借口。如果我们自欺欺人地让自己相信没有做错事，那么我们将无法看清自己真正的选择，而这会让我们做出糟糕的决定。

To avoid fooling yourself，watch out for excuses and try this test： Ask how you would feel if your actions were public，and anyone could be watching over your shoulder． Would you feel proud or ashamed of your actions? If you'd rather hide your actions，that's a good indication that you're taking a risk and rationalizing it to yourself．

想要避免自欺欺人，小心不要找借口，另外可以尝试做这个测试：扪心自问，如果你的行为是公开的，每个人都可能在监视你的一举一动，你是会感到骄傲呢还是羞愧呢？如果你想隐瞒自己的行为，那就明确意味着你是在冒风险并给自己找借口。

Evaluating Risks

评估风险

To decide whether a risk is worth taking，you must examine the consequences，in the future as well as right now，negative as well as positive，and to others as well as to yourself． Those who take risks they later regret usually focus on immediate benefits（“what's in it for me”），and simply haven't considered what might go wrong． The consequences of getting caught are serious，and may include a “0” on a test or assignment； an “F” in the class； Suspension or Dismissal from school； transcript notation； and a tarnished reputation． In fact，when you break a rule or law，you lose control over your life，and give others the power to impose punishment： you have no control over what that punishment might be． This is an extremely precarious and vulnerable position． There may be some matters of life and death，or highest principle，which might justify such a risk，but there aren't many things that fall in this category．要判断一件事是否值得冒风险，你必须考虑各种后果：现在的将来的，积极的消极的，对己的对人的。那些冒了风险又后悔的人往往是只关注眼前利益（我有什么好处），却没有考虑会造成什么影响。行为被发现的后果非常严重：考试和作业得零分，这门课不及格，被学校停课或开除，被记过，名誉从此有污点。事实上，一旦你违反了规则或法律，你就失去了对自己生活的控制权，同时给了别人惩罚你的权利，而你连对是何种惩罚也没有掌控，这是极度危险脆弱的处境。也许有些理由可以为这一冒险辩护，什么事关生死、什么原则问题，但是没有多少理由可以把你逼入这一境地。

Getting Away With It－－Or Not

侥幸逃脱了？不可能！

Those who don't get caught pay an even higher price． A cheater doesn't learn from the test，depriving him/herself of an education． Cheating undermines confidence and independence： the cheater is a fraud，and knows that without dishonesty，he/she would have failed． Cheating destroys self－esteem and integrity，leaving the cheater ashamed，guilty，and afraid of getting caught． Worst of all，a cheater who doesn't get caught the first time usually cheats again，not only because he/she is farther behind，but also because it seems “easier．” This slippery slope of eroding ethics and bigger risks leads only to disaster． Eventually，the cheater gets caught，and the later he/she gets caught，the worse the consequences． Students have been dismissed from school because they didn't get this simple message： Honesty is the ONLY policy that works．那些没被发现的人付出的代价其实更大。作弊者没有通过考试学到东西，他们剥夺了自己受教育的意义。作弊会瓦解人的自信心和独立性：作弊者是个骗子，他/她知道如果不是通过不诚实的手段，自己已经失败了。作弊摧毁了自尊和正直，让作弊者陷入愧疚、罪恶感和害怕被发现的不安中。最糟糕的是，第一次作弊没被发现的人往往还会进行第二次，不仅因为他/她在学习上更加落后了，也因为作弊看上去更容易。道德的侵蚀、风险的扩大只会导致灾难，最终作弊者会被抓住，而且被抓得越晚，后果越糟。学生会被学校开除是因为不懂这个简单的道理：诚实是唯一政策。

Cheating Hurts Others，Too

作弊也伤及他人

Cheaters often feel invisible，as if their actions “don't count” and don't really hurt anyone． But individual choices have a profound cumulative effect． Cheating can spread like a disease，and a cheater can encourage others just by being seen from across the room． Recent statistics suggest 30% or more of college students cheat． If a class is graded on a curve，cheating hurts others' grades． Even if there is no curve，cheating “poisons” the classroom，and others may feel pressured to join in．（“If I don't cheat，I can't compete with those who do．”）Cheating also has a destructive impact on teachers． The real reward of good teaching is seeing students learn，but a cheater says，“I'm not interested in what you're trying to teach； all I care about is stealing a grade，regardless of the effect on others．” The end result is a blatant and destructive attack on the quality of your education． Finally，cheating can hurt the reputation of the University，and harm those who worked hard for their degree．

作弊者常认为自己的行为是无形的，对别人没有什么意义，不会伤及他人。但其实个人的行为可以日积月累、产生深远影响。作弊可以像疾病一样传播开来，其他人在教室另一边看到了作弊者的行为，就可能受到鼓动而去作弊。最近的数据显示有30%或以上的大学生都有作弊行为。如果一门课是采取曲线评分的方式（比如分数在前10%的同学得A，接下来的20%得B，剩余70%得C），那么作弊就会影响到其他同学的成绩。即便不是曲线评分，作弊也会毒害班级，让其他同学感到压力而加入其中（那些同学会想“如果我不作弊，我就无法与那些作弊的人竞争取得好成绩”）。作弊对老师也有毁灭性的作用。老师用心教书的真正回报就是看到学生收获知识，但是作弊者却表示：“我对你教什么没有兴趣，我只想作弊得个好分数，不管对别人有什么影响。”最终的结果就是教育质量收到摧毁而显著下滑。到了最后，作弊甚至影响一所学院的声誉，影响那些为自己学业努力奋斗的人。

Why Integrity Matters

为什么正直很重要

If cheating becomes the norm，then we are in big trouble． We must rely on the honesty and

good faith of others every day． If not，we couldn't put money in the bank，buy food，clothing，or medicine from others，drive across a bridge，get on a plane，go to the dentist－－the list is endless． There are many examples of the vast harm that is caused when individuals forget or ignore the effect their dishonesty can have． The savings and loan scandal，the stock market and junk bond swindles，and，of course，Watergate，have undermined the faith of many Americans in the integrity of political and economic leaders and society as a whole． Such incidents take a tremendous toll on our nation's economy and our individual well－being． For example，but for the savings and loan debacle，there might be funds available to reduce the national debt and pay for education．

如果欺骗成为了规范，那我们就麻烦大了。我们必须每天依赖别人的诚实和善意来生活，如果不是这样，我们不敢将钱存入银行，不敢从别人那里买食品、衣物或药品，不敢开车过桥，不敢做飞机，不敢看牙医……各种“不敢”数不胜数。生活中有很多实例，体现了个人忘记或无视自己不诚实行为后果所造成的巨大伤害。存贷款丑闻、股票和垃圾债券诈骗、当然还有水门事件，如此种种削弱了众多美国公民对于政治领袖、经济高层的信任，乃至对于整个社会的信任。这些事件对美国的国家经济和个人福利都造成了巨大损害。比方说，倘若没有存贷款丑闻，那国家就可能有资金缓解国债，满足教育开支。

In sum，we all have a common stake in our school，our community，and our society． Our actions do matter． It is essential that we act with integrity in order to build the kind of world in which we want to live．

总而言之，在学校、在社区、在社会，我们都有着共同的利害关系，我们的行为会产生影响。为了构建一个我们想要的世界，正直行事至关重要。

Part II Reading Comprehension（Skimming and Scanning）1． A person of integrity not only sets high moral and ethical standards but also _______． A）sticks to them in their daily life B）makes them known to others

C）understands their true values

D）sees that others also follow them

2． What role does integrity play in personal and professional relationships?

A）It helps to create team spirit

B）It facilitates communication

C）It is the basis of mutual trust

D）It inspires mutual respect

3． why must we learn to identify the risks we are going to take？

A． To ensure we make responsible choices．

B． To avoid being overwhelmed by stress．

C． so that we don’t break any rules．

D． so that we don’t run into trouble．

4． Violation of a rule is misconduct even if _______?

A． it has caused no harm．

B． it is claimed to be unintentional．

C． it has gone unnoticed．

D． it is committed with good intentions．

5． What should one do if he doesn’t wish to fool himself?

A． Avoid making excuses．

B． Listen to other people’s advice．

C． Make his intensions public． D． Have others watch over his shoulder． 6． Those who take risks they regret later on _______． A． will often become more cautious

B． are usually very aggressive

C． value immediate benefits most．

D． may lose everything in the end

7． According to the author，a cheater who doesn’t get caught right away will _______．

A）pay more dearly

B）become more confident

C）be widely admired

D）feel somewhat lucky

8． Cheaters at exam don’t care about their education，all they care about is how to steal a grade

9． Integrity matters in that all social activities rely on people’s honesty and good faith．

10． Many Americans lost faith in the integrity of their political leaders as a result of the Watergate scandal．

解析：

今年这次的四级内容很有人文气息，作文刚刚考了“坚持才会有成功”，快速阅读就来了“考试诚信不作弊”。通篇来看，文章难度不太大，通读小标题以后，带着题干的关键词就能定位到原文。

1． 答案： A）sticks to them in their daily life

第一题的答案就在全文第一句。

关键词：not only…． But also…．

关键句： The key to integrity is consistency－－not only setting high personal standards for oneself（honesty，responsibility，respect for others，fairness）but also living up to those standards each day．

这里的live up to 和 选项里的 stick to 属于同义替换。

2． 答案：C）It is the basis of mutual trust

关键词：personal and professional

定位句： Trust is essential in any important relationship，whether personal or professional． Who can trust someone who is dishonest or unfair? Thus，integrity must be one of our most important goals．

结合紧接着的问句，我们很容易锁定trust这个选项。

3． 关键词：identify the risks

关键句：Making ethical decisions is a critical part of avoiding future problems． We must learn to recognize risks，because if we can't see the risks we're taking，we can't make responsible choices．

答案很明显：make responsible choices

4． 关键词：misconduct

关键句：But the fact that such a violation is “unintentional” does not excuse the misconduct．和原文意义高度一致的，就是这个unintentional。

因此答案是：B． it is claimed to be unintentional．

5． 关键词：fool oneself

关键句：To avoid fooling yourself，watch out for excuses and try this test 这里的watch out for 和 选项里的avoid属于同义替换 答案：A 6． 关键词：regret later

关键句：Those who take risks they later regret usually focus on immediate benefits（“what's in it for me”）

很明显，选项 value immediate benefits most 是正确答案。这里的value 和 focus on 属于同义替换

7． 关键词：get caught

关键句：Those who don't get caught pay an even higher price．

这里的higher price 和选项里的more dearly 属于同义替换

答案：A

8． 关键词：care about

关键句：I'm not interested in what you're trying to teach； all I care about is stealing a grade，regardless of the effect on others．"

9． 关键词：rely on

关键句：We must rely on the honesty and good faith of others every day．

10． 关键词：political and economic leaders

关键句：Watergate，have undermined the faith of many Americans in the integrity of political and economic leaders and society as a whole．

第8、9和10只要找到定位词，然后就能找到相关信息。

第二篇：2013年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案

2013年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案：翻译(茶和咖啡)

【翻译原文】“你要茶还是咖啡?”是用餐人常被问到的问题，许多西方人会选咖啡，而中国人则会选茶，相传，中国的一位帝王于五千年前发现了茶，并用来治病，在明清(the qing dynasties)期间，茶馆遍布全国，饮茶在六世纪传到日本，但直到18世纪才传到欧美，如今，茶是世界上最流行的饮料(beverage)之一，茶是中国的瑰宝。也是中国传统和文化的重要组成部分。

【参考译文一】“Would you like tea or coffee?” Meals are frequently asked questions，many westerners will choose coffee，and the Chinese will choose tea，according to legend，a Chinese emperor discovered tea in five thousand years ago，and used to heal，in the Ming and qing dynasties，tea houses all over the country，tea drinking spread to Japan in the 6th century and spread to Europe and the United States，but it was not until the 18th century today，tea is one of the most popular beverage in the world，tea is the treasure of China.Is also an important part of Chinese tradition and culture.【参考译文二】

“Would you like tea or coffee?” This is a question which the dining people are frequently asked.Some westerners tend to choose coffee，while the Chinese usually choose tea.There is a legend that one Chinese emperor found tea 5，000 years ago and used it to cure illnesses.During the Ming and Q ing Dynasties，tea houses were widespread throughout China.Tea-drinking was spread to Japan in the 6th century but to Europe and America until the 18th century.Nowadays，tea is one of the most popular beverages in the world.Tea is the treasure of China，and it is also an important part of the Chinese tradition and culture.【参考译文三】As for the dinning people，”Tea or Coffee?” is a question frequently asked.Coffee is usually the Westerns’ first choice，while tea is the preferment of Chinese.Tradition has it that tea is found by one Chinese Emperor，who lived in 5000 years ago.At that time，tea is used to heal sickness.During Ming-Qing dynasties，teahouses are across the country.Tea drinking spread into Japanese as early as in the 6th century，yet it did not spread into Europe and Amer

ica until the 18th century.Nowadays，tea is one of the most popular beverages all over the world.Tea is the treasure of China and the important component of Chinese tradition and culture.【参考译文四】

“Tea or coffee?”, diners are frequently asked this question.Western people may choose coffee, while Chinese may prefer tea.It is said that 5,000 years ago, an emperor in China discovered tea and used it to cure disease.In the Ming and Qing Dynasty, tea houses could be found all over the country.Tea-drinking was introduced to Japan in the sixth century, but was not introduced to Europe and America until the 17th and 18th century.Up to now, tea has become one of the most popular beverages in the world.It is the national drink of China and an important part of Chinese traditional culture.2013年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案：翻译(信息技术)

【翻译原文】

信息技术(Information Technology)，正在飞速的发展，中国公民也越来越重视信息技术，有些学校甚至将信息技术作为必修课程，对这一现象大家持不同观点。一部分人认为这是没有必要的，学生就应该学习传统的课程。另一部分人认为这是应该的，中国就应该与时俱进。不管怎样，信息技术引起广大人民的重视是一件好事。

【参考译文一】

Nowadays，Information Technology is developing rapidly，and Chinese Citizens are putting more emphasis on it.Some schools and universities even make Information Technology one of the compulsory courses.People hold different views on this phenomenon.Some people deem that it is unnecessary to make Information Technology a required course in schools.Students should learn traditional curriculum.While other people think that it should be so，and they hold the attitude that China should keep pace with the times.Anyway，it is a good thing that Information Technology has drawn people’s attention.【参考译文二】

With full speed development of the information technology，Chinese citizens pay more and more attention to it.Some schools even take the information technology as a required course.For this phenomenon，different people have different opinion.Some people argue that it is not necessary to do this since the traditional courses are supposed to be learned.While some others hold the opposite view，they believe that China should keep pace with the times.No matter how，it is a good thing that information technology has drawn attention of the people.【参考译文三】

“As China citizens attaching great importance to the rapidly development of Information Technology，some college even set it as a compulsory course.Regarding to this phenomenon，people hold different views.Some people think it is not necessary，for students should learn the traditional curriculum.Another part of people think it is a need，because China should keep pace with the times.Anyway，it is a good thing that Information Technology aroused public concern

【点评】

今年的大学英语六级考试题型改革后，翻译题从之前的单句汉译英“换装”为段落汉译英，这对于考生来说，无疑是一个更大的挑战。很多考生一看到整段的汉译英题目就头疼，因为他们对于这个题目太陌生了。从单句到段落的翻译，标志着国家对于考生英语水平的要求已经提高到了一个全新的层面。段落翻译考查的是考生的英语综合水平。

但从真题的出题角度来看，这次考试还是对考生相当得仁慈，考题要比考试样章中的题目来得简单得多。整篇翻译题就像是一篇四级作文，属于观点对立型的。主要是针对学校是否应该将信息技术这门课作为学生的必修课。其中阐述了两类人群的不同观点，这像极了我们四级考试作文题。比作文题还要简单的是，段落翻译已经给出了考生写作的思想，考生只需将其翻译成英文即可。

从真题的出题内容来看，这次的翻译题也没有考那些考生不熟悉的话题，而是对考生特别熟悉的信息技术进行了考查。而且，整篇翻译原文中并没有特别长的句子和特别难的表达。相信考生肯定可以从容应对的。

2013年12月14日大学英语四级考试真题及答案：翻译(中餐)

【翻译原文】

很多人喜欢中餐，在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一种艺术。精心准备的中餐既可口又好看。烹饪技术和配料在中国各地差别很大。但好的烹饪都有一个共同点，总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养(nutrition)。由于食物对健康至关重要，好的厨师总是努力在谷物，肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡。所以中餐美味又健康。

【参考译文】Many people like Chinese food.In China，cooking is not only regarded as a skill but also an art.The well/carefully-prepared Chinese food is tasty and good-looking.The way of cooking and ingredients selectionvary greatly across China.However，good cooking has one thing in common，that is，to always concern colors，smell，tastes and nutrition.As food is vital for man’s health，good cooks are always making efforts to maintain balance between grains meats and vegetables.Thus，Chinese food is delicious and healthy。

【考点】

被动态;

单复数混用;

逻辑连词，例如并列以及转折;

复合式形容结构，比如：精心准备的carefully-prepared。

2013年12月英语四级真题及参考译文：翻译(中国结)

【翻译原文】

中国结最初是由手工艺人发明的，经过数百年不断的改进，已经成为一种优雅多彩的艺术和工艺。在古代，人们用它来记录事件，但现在主要是用于装饰的目的。“结”在中文

里意味这爱情丶婚姻和团聚，中国结常常作为礼物交换或作用饰品祈求好运和辟邪。这种形式的手工艺代代相传，现在已经在中国和世界各地越来越受欢迎。

【参考译文】

"The Chinese knot was originally invented by the craftsmen.After hundreds of years of continuous improvement，has become a kind of elegant and colorful arts and crafts.In ancient times，people use it to record the event，but now used mainly for decorative purposes.The knot means love，marriage and reunion in Chinese，knot is often used for jewelry as a gift exchange or pray for good luck and ward off evil spirits，This form of handicrafts from generation to generation，it has become increasingly popular in China and around the world。

第三篇：2009年大学英语四级真题答案

2009年大学俄语四级考试真题答案

ЧАСТЬ Ⅱ 21.А.22.Б.23.Б.24.В.25.Б.26.Б.27.Б.28.В.29.А.30.Б.31.Б.32.А.33.Б.34.В.35.А.36.Б.37.А.38.Б.39.В.40.Б.ЧАСТЬ Ⅲ

41.现在40%的美国人是从互联网上了解大部分国内外新闻的。答案：A

узнать кого-что表示①认出，指认出原来曾经认识、熟悉的人或物，或指根据某些共同特点，判断出人、物属于哪类；②主动询问、打听、力求获知的行为③认清、了解、体验到。指对人、人的特点、事物等获得本质的、真实的、深入的认识；或对不熟悉的人或物有所了解；指亲身经历、体验到贫困、痛苦、欢乐等。

познать кого-что意为“认识”，指人的头脑等对客观世界、规律本质的反映。该词还有“认清、了解、看出”的意思，指对人或对事知道的清清楚楚，带有书面语的色彩。

признать кого-что是“承认”的意思。

42.根据阿什哈巴德的报道，土库曼斯坦要实行对外开放和广泛的国际合作政策。答案：В

переводить, приводить, проводить这是一组近形词，其中：

переводить-перевести кого-что表示 ①领，带领，领某人到某地方②迁到，安置到，调到，拨到③调任，调转④翻译⑤汇寄等意义。приводить-привести кого-что表示①引领，带领②[只用于第三人称]通往，开到③[只用于第三人称]使得出，做出（结论，决定等）

④使处于某种状态，使陷入某种心境，使„„发生作用

проводить-провести кого-что表示①引领，领„„通过②敷设，修筑③实现，实行，实施，使„通过④进行，举行⑤度过，住，待（若干时间）

43.大学生们没有忘记提醒老师应该在明天举行的会议。答案：Б

запомнить表示“记住，记牢”的意思；напомнить表示“提醒，使„„想起，使„„记起”的意思；вспомнить表示“记起，想起，回忆起”。

44.每一位住在俄罗斯的公民和拥有俄罗斯护照的公民都应该知道国家的国歌。

此题考察形动词和副动词的用法和意义，题目中很明显需要一个修饰паспорт的形容词，又由于这是个主动行为所以只能选Б.45.在这项工作中奠定了地质物理学研究新方式的理论基础。答案：A

заложить кого-что表示把„„放在„„，把„„放在„„的后面；放满，堆满，堵住；打下、奠定„„的基础；存储等意义。

вложить кого-что во что表示“把„„放入，装入„„的里面；投资，投入”的意义。

положить(клать)кого-что表示①平放，放置，安置，放入，存入②盛放

46.这个论题太重要，应该将其从中学大纲中删除。答案：Б

这里考察的是形容词长短尾的意义的区别：长尾表示长期的，相对稳定的特征；短尾则表示暂时的特征。

47.中华人民共和国主席胡锦涛和俄联邦总统普京共同宣布2007年为俄罗斯中国年。答案：В宣布„„为„„：要用结构объявить кого-что кем-чем

48.列宁格勒以其在卫国战争中的英勇表现而获得了英雄城市的称号。答案：Б。动词достичь+кого-чего.49.俄联邦和美国在2009年就肉类贸易上签署了新的协议。表示“关于„„，在„„方面”时要借助于前置词по

51.中国在北京奥运会上获得了金牌总数第一名。答案：Б.52.桥梁的设计方案在开工前一个月被提案通过。答案：Б。记住结构：за сколько времени до кого-чего

53.2008年美国作为国际信息的主要源泉的互联网登上了榜首位置。答案：Б

54.尽管在农业方面我国取得了很大的成就，但在很多方面仍需完善。答案：В

55.要是人们都能很好地了解我国的宪法的话，有很多的问题就可以避免。答案：В

56.我完全赞同这个申请中的所有内容，没有什么可以补充的。答案：Б.57.这个资料你既可以通过互联网获得，也可以在老师的帮助下获得。答案：В.58.在美国的一个州内由于石油价格的下降从而使得石油的储存量在某地方增多。答案：В

59.有人给被普京在2008年12月4日邀请到枞树晚会上的那个女孩买了飞机票。答案：А.60.在那个传出歌声的那个学校的大礼堂里正在举行俄罗斯文化晚会。答案：В

61.Б 62.А 63.В 64.А 65.В.66.А.67.Б 68.В 69.Б.70.Б.ЧАСТЬ ⅣПЕРЕВОД(10 баллов, 15 минут)

71.但是无论我们每个人多么自诩自己是这方面的专家，而关于爱情的定义却像世人一样是千变万化、多种多样的。

72.很多人认为如果家庭成员能履行自己的家庭责任的话，即使没有爱现代家庭也是很完美的。

73.实际上爱是人所体会到并传递给别人的一种快乐。

74.母亲和孩子的情感联系表现在母亲爱自己的孩子。这种情感是平等的，是培养爱的能力大的基本训练

75.爱的能力，这不是天生的，而是家庭对孩子培养的结果。

第四篇：英语四级真题及答案

1991年6月大学英语四级真题及答案

41.We had a party last month, and it was a lot of fun, so let's have ______ one this month.(A)another(C)the other

(B)more(D)other

42.It was difficult to guess what her _____ to the news would be.(A)impression(C)comment

(B)reaction(D)opinion

43.I decided to go to the library as soon as I _____.(A)finish what I did(C)would finish what I was doing

(B)finished what I did(D)finished what I was doing

44.There were some ______ flowers on the table.(A)benefits(C)false

(B)unnatural(D)unreal

45.We are interested in the weather because it _____ us so directly----what we wear, what we do, and even how we feel.(A)benefits(C)guides

(B)affects(D)effects

46.Will all those _____ the proposal raise their hands?

(A)in relation to(C)in excess of

(B)in contrast to(D)in favor of

47.Children are very curious ______.(A)at heart(C)on purpose

(B)in person(D)by nature

48.The match was cancelled because most of the members _____ a match without a standard court.(A)objected to having(C)objected to have

(B)were objected to have(D)were objected to having

49.The teacher doesn't permit _____ in class.(A)smoke(C)smoking

(B)to smoke(D)to have a smoke

50.I like watching TV _____ to the cinema.(A)more than to go(C)more than going

(B)than going(D)rather than to go

51.I appreciate ______ to your home.(A)to be invited(C)having invited

(B)to have invited(D)being invited

52.I hope my teacher will take my recent illness into _____ when judging my examination.(A)regard(C)account

(B)counting(D)observation

53.You _____ all those calculations!We have a computer to do that sort of thing.(A)needn't have done(C)shouldn't have done

(B)must not have done(D)can not have done

54.Important people don't often have much free time as their work _____ all their time.(A)takes away(C)takes up

(B)takes over(D)takes in

55.When I was very young, I was terribly frightened of school, but I soon ____ it.(A)got off(C)got away

(B)got across(D)got over

56.Many people complain of the rapid ____ of modern life.(A)rate(C)pace

(B)speed(D)growth

57.San Francisco is usually cool in the summer, but Los Angeles _____.(A)is rarely(C)hardly is

(B)rarely is(D)is scarcely

58.The speaker, _____ for her splendid speeches, was warmly received by the audience.(A)having known(C)knowing

(B)being known(D)known

59.American women were _____ the right to vote until 1920 after many years of hard struggle.(A)ignored(C)refused

(B)neglected(D)denied

60.I couldn't find _____, and so I took this one.(A)a large enough coat(C)a large coat enough

(B)an enough large coat(D)a coat enough large

61.I always _____ what I have said.(A)get to(C)lead to

(B)hold to(D)see to

62.No sooner had we reached the top of the hill _____ we all sat down to rest.(A)when(C)than

(B)then(D)until

63.Evidence came up _____ specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old.(A)what(C)that

(B)which(D)whose

64.He moved away from his parents, and missed them ______ enjoy the exciting life in New York.(A)too much to(C)very much to

(B)enough to(D)much so as to

65.He was _____ of having asked such a silly question.(A)sorry(C)ashamed

(B)guilty(D)miserable

66.The last time we had a family reunion was ______ my brother's wedding ceremony four years ago.(A)in(C)during

(B)at(D)over

67.What _____ would happen if the director knew you felt that way?

(A)do you suppose(C)will you suppose

(B)you suppose(D)you would suppose

68._____ the advances of science, the discomforts of old age will no doubt always be with us.(A)As for(C)Except

(B)Besides(D)Despite

69.How close parents are to their children _____ a strong influence on the character of the children.(A)have(C)having

(B)has(D)to have

70.He _____ when the bus came to a sudden stop.(A)was almost hurt(C)was to hurt himself

(B)was hurt himself(D)was hurting himself

41.A 42.B 43.D 44.A 45.B 46.D 47.D 48.A 49.C 50.C

51.D 52.C 53.A 54.C 55.D 56.C 57.B 58.D 59.D 60.A

61.B 62.C 63.C 64.A 65.C 66.B 67.A 68.D 69.B 70.A

第五篇：2008年12月大学英语四级考试听力真题及答案

2008年12月大学英语四级考试听力真题及答案

Part III Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations.At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After each question there will be a pause.During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A),B),C)and D),and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

11.A)Only true friendship can last long.B)Letter writing is going out of style.C)She keeps in regular touch with her classmates.D)She has lost contact with most of her old friends.12.A)A painter.C)A porter.B)A mechanic.D)A carpenter.13.A)Look for a place near her office.C)Make inquiries elsewhere.B)Find a new job down the street.D)Rent the $600 apartment.14.A)He prefers to wear jeans with a larger waist.B)He has been extremely busy recently.C)He has gained some weight lately.D)He enjoyed going shopping with Jane yesterday.15.A)The woman possesses a natural for art.B)Women have a better artistic taste than men.C)He isn’t good at abstract thinking.D)He doesn’t like abstract paintings.16.A)She couldn’t have left her notebook in the library.B)she may have put her notebook amid the journals.C)she should have made careful notes while doing reading.D)she shouldn’t have read his notes without his knowing it.17.A)she wants to get some sleep

C)she has a literature class to attend

B)she needs time to write a paper D)she is troubled by her sleep problem 18.A)He is confident he will get the job.B)His chance of getting the job is slim.C)It isn’t easy to find a qualified sales manager.D)The interview didn’t go as well as he expected.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19.A)He can manage his time more flexibly.B)He can renew contact with his old friends.C)He can concentrate on his own projects.D)He can learn to do administrative work.20.A)Reading its ads in the newspapers.B)Calling its personnel department.C)Contacting its manager.D)Searching its website.21.A)To cut down its production expenses.B)To solve the problem of staff shortage.C)To improve its administrative efficiency.D)To utilize its retired employees’resources.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22.A)Buy a tractor.B)Fix a house.C)See a piece of property.D)Sing a business contract.23.A)It is only forty miles form where they live.B)It is a small one with a two-bedroom house.C)It was a large garden with fresh vegetables.D)It has a large garden with fresh vegetables.24.A)Growing potatoes will involve less labor.B)Its soil may not be very suitable for corn.C)It may not be big enough for raising corn.D)Raising potatoes will be more profitable.25 A)Finances

B)Equipment

C)Labor

D)Profits

Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages.At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage One 26 A)To introduce the chief of the city’s police force

B)To comment on a talk by a distinguished guest

C)To address the issue of community security

D)To explain the functions of the city council 27 A)He has distinguished himself in city management

B)He is head of the International Police Force

C)He completed his higher education abroad

D)He holds a master’s degree in criminology 28 A)To coordinate work among police departments

B)To get police officers closer to the local people

C)To help the residents in times of emergency

D)To enable the police to take prompt action 29 A)Popular

B)discouraging

C)effective

D)controversial

Passage Two 30 A)people differ greatly in their ability to communicate

B)there are numerous languages in existence

C)Most public languages are inherently vague

D)Big gaps exist between private and public languages 31 A)it is a sign of human intelligence

B)in improves with constant practice

C)it is something we are born with

D)it varies from person to person 32 A)how private languages are developed

B)how different languages are related

C)how people create their languages

D)how children learn to use language

Passage Three 33 A)she was a tailor

B)she was an engineer

C)she was an educator

D)she was a public speaker 34.A)Basing them on science-fiction movies.B)Including interesting examples in them

C)Adjusting them to different audiences

D)Focusing on the latest progress in space science 35.A)Whether spacemen carry weapons

B)How spacesuits protect spacemen

C)How NASA trains its spacemen

D)What spacemen cat and drink Section C Directions : In this section.you will hear a passage three time.When the passage is read for first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea.when the passage is read for the first time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36to43 with the exact words you have just heard.For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

Crime is increasing world wide.There is every reason to believe the(36)____will continue through the next few decades.Crime rates have always been high in multicultural, industrialized societies such as the United States, but a new(37)____has appeared on the world(38)____rapidly rising crime rates in nations that previously reported few(39)____.Street crimes such as robbery, rape(40)___and auto theft are clearly rising(41)___in eastern European countries such as Hungary and in western European nations such as the united Kingdom.What is driving this crime(42)____?There are no simple answers.Still，there are certain conditions(43)_______with rising crime increasing heterogeneity(混杂)of populations, greater cultural pluralism, higher immigration, democratization of government,(44)___________________________________________________________________________________ These conditions are increasingly observable around the world.For instance, cultures that were previously isolated and homogeneous(同种类的),such as Japan, Denmark and Greece(45)________________________________________________________________________ Multiculturalism can be a rewarding, enriching experience, but it can also lead to a clash of values.Heterogeneity in societies will be the rule in the twenty-first century, and(46)_______________________________________________

参考答案

11.D.She has lost contact with most of her friends 12.A.A painter 13.C.Make inquiries elsewhere 14.C.He has gained some weight lately 15.D.he doesn’t like abstract paintings

16.B.she may have put her notebook amid the journals 17.A.she wants to get some sleep 18.B.his chance of getting the job is slim 19.A 20.A 21.D 22.C 23.B 24.C 25.A 26.A)To introduce the chief of the city' police force.27.D)He holds a master's degree in criminology.28.B)To get police officers closer to the local people.29.C)Effective.30.B)There are numerous languages in existence.31.C)It is something we are born with.32.D)How children learn to use language.33.B)She was an engineer.34.C)Adjusting them to different audiences.35.A)Whether spacemen carry weapons.36 trend 37 phenomenon 38 scene 39 offences 40 murder 41 particularly 42 explosion 43 associated 44 changing national borders, greater economic growth and the lack of accepted social ideas of right and wrong.45 are now facing the sort of cultural variety that has been common in America for most of its history.46 failure to recognize and plan for such diversity can lead to serious crime problems.Script Section A

Short Conversations

11．M: I just received an Email from one of my former classmates.I was surprised, I hadn’t heard from him for ages.W: Well, I’ve been out of touch with most of my old friends, only one or two still drop me a line occasionally, Q: What does the woman mean?

12.M: If you can make up your mind about the color, I can start on the outside of your house early next week.W: Well, right now I think I want white for the window frames and yellow for the walls, but I’ll let you know tomorrow.Q: Who is the woman talking to?

13.W: Excuse me, do you have any apartments available for under 500 dollars a month? I need to move in next week when my new job starts.M: The only vacant one I have is 600 dollars, have you inquired at the apartment complex down the street?

Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?

14.W: You bought a pair of jeans yesterday, didn’t you? What are they like?

M: Oh, they are pretty much like my other ones, except with a larger waist.I guess I haven’t spent much time exercising lately.Q: What can we infer from the conversation about the man?

15.W: I really like those abstract paintings we saw yesterday.What do you think? M: I guess it’s something I haven’t acquired a taste for yet.Q: What does the man imply?

16.W: You haven’t seen a blue notebook, have you? I hope I didn’t leave it in the reading room.M: Did you check that pile of journals you’ve borrowed from the library the other day?

Q: What is the man trying to say to the woman?

17.M: How about joining me for a cup of coffee?

W: I’d love to, but I’m exhausted.I was up till 3 this morning, writing a paper for my literature class.Q: Why does the woman decline the man’s invitation?

18.W: You had a job interview yesterday, didn’t you? How did it go?

M: Not too bad, I guess.There were about 20 candidates competing for the sales manager’s job.And finally it was down to three of us, but the other two seemed better qualified.Q: What does the man imply?

长对话1

F: Simon, how does it feel to be retired? M: Well, not so bad.F: How have you been spending your time?

M: I have been spending more time with my family.I’ve also travelled a bit, you know, off season when everywhere is less crowded and hotels cost less.F: Great.M: You know I haven’t stopped work completely.F: Yes, could you tell us more about this?

M: I’m on a scheme that’s called phased retirement;I had a six-month break from work, after that I could apply for project work with the company I used to work for.F: How does the scheme work?

M: Well, it’s a trial at the moment.Instead of hiring temporary stuff, the company advertises posts on its website that retired employees like myself can access.F: What sort of works advertised?

M: Well, all sorts of things, really.Administrative work and more specialized work, the sort of thing I can do.Some of the projects can last five or six months, and others can just be a couple of days.I can decide more or less when to work.So I can manage my own time.F: I can see it’s good for you.What is your company get out of this?

M: Well, I still have all my old contacts at work, so I know who to contact to get something done.The company gets flexibility, too.Once the job’s over, that’s it.I’m not on their books any more.Questions 19-21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19.Why does Simon find his retired life enjoyable?

20.How does Simon get to know about the company’s available posts?

21.Why does the company adopt the phased retirement scheme?

长对话2

W: Oh, where are we going?

M: I want to show you something.W: I know, but what is it?

M: A farm.It’s just down this road.It’s a small place, but at least it would be our own.W: A farm? How can we afford to buy a farm? M: It isn’t very large, only 40 acres.We wouldn’t have to pay very much right now.W: Is there a house on the place?

M: A small one, two bedrooms, but it needs to be fixed up a little.I can do the job myself.W: OK.Is there enough space for a kitchen garden?

M: There is about half an acre around the house.That’s plenty of space.W: Then we can grow our own fresh vegetables.And maybe keep a few chickens, couldn’t we?

M: Yes, and we can probably grow a lot of our own food.W: What are you thinking about growing, if we do take this place?

M: Well, it really isn’t big enough for corn.I thought we might try to raise a crop of potatoes.W: Potatoes? There are a lot of work.M: We are used to hard work, aren’t we?

W: Yes, we are, but the money.Do we have enough to get started? It seems like a dream.M: I think we’ve saved enough.We can pay a little on the farm and maybe put a few dollars down on the tractor, too.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.Q 22: What are the speakers going to do at the time of the conversation?

Q 23: What does the man say about the farm?

Q 24: Why does the man intend to grow potatoes rather than corn on the farm?

Q 25: What is the woman’s greatest concern about the man’s plan?

Section B Passage One

Members of the city council and distinguished guests, it is my privilege to introduce to you today Mr.Robert Washington, chief of our city’s police force.He will address us on the subject of the Community Policing Program.Most of you know that Mr.Washington has a distinguished record as head of our police force for more than ten years.However, you may not know that he also holds a master’s degree in criminology and studied abroad for a year with the international police force which deals with crimes around the world.Mr.Washington first introduced the Community Policing Program 8 years ago.The idea behind the program is to get the police officers out of their cars and into our neighborhoods where they can talk directly to merchants and residents about the real dynamics of our city.These officers do more than make arrests.They try to find ways to help solve the problems that contribute to crime in the first place.Often that means hooking people up with services offered by other city agencies, such as schools, hospitals, housing, drug treatment centers.And the program seems to be working: crime is down and our citizens report that they feel more secure.Today Mr.Washington is going to tell us more about this program.Now let’s welcome Mr.Robert Washington.26.What is the purpose of the speaker’s remarks?

He will address us on the subject of community policing program.27.What does the speaker say about Mr.Robert Washington?

Most of you know that Mr.Washington has a distinguished record as head of our police force for more than ten years.However, you may not know that he also holds a master’s degree in criminology and studied abroad for a year with the international police force which deals with crimes around the world.Mr.Washington first introduced the community policing program 8 years ago.28.What is the idea behind the Community Policing Program?

The idea behind the program is to get the police officers out of their cars and into our neighborhoods where they can talk directly to merchants and residents about the real dynamics of our city.29.How has the Community Policing Program turned out to be?

And the program seems to be working, crime is down and our citizens report that they feel more secure.Passage Two

There are between 3000 and 6000 public languages in the world, and we must add approximately 6 billion private languages since each one of us necessarily has one.Considering these facts, the possibilities for breakdowns in communication seem infinite in number.However, we do communicate successfully from time to time.And we do learn to speak languages.But learning to speak languages seems to be a very mysterious process.For a long time, people thought that we learned a language only by imitation and association.For example, a baby touches a hot pot and starts to cry.The mother says, “Hot, hot!” And the baby, when it stops crying, imitates the mother and says, “Hot, hot!” However, Noam Chomsky, a famous expert in language, pointed out that although children do learn some words by imitation and association, they also combine words to make meaningful sentences in ways that are unique, unlearned and creative.Because young children can make sentences they have never heard before, Chomsky suggested that human infants are born with the ability to learn language.Chomsky meant that underneath all the differences between public and private languages, there is a universal language mechanism that makes it possible for us, as infants, to learn any language in the world.This theory explains the potential that human infants have for learning language.But it does not really explain how children come to use language in particular ways.Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.Question 30.Why does the speaker say there are great possibilities for communication breakdowns?

There are numerous public and private languages.Question 31.What is Chomsky’s point on the ability to learn a language?

Human infants are born with the ability to learn language and the potential to learn any language in the world.Question 32.What does Chomsky’s theory fail to explain according to the speaker?

It does not really explain how children come to use language in particular ways.Passage Three

When US spacewoman Joan Higginbotham is not flying and working in space, she might be found somewhere on earth giving a speech.Higginbotham, who grew up in Chicago and became an engineer before joining NASA, that is the National Air and Space Administration, gives about a dozen speeches a year.Each speech is different because she tailors her remarks to each audience.Through interviews and E-mails, she finds out in advance her listeners' educational level and what information they want to know.On the subject of space walks, for example, audiences vary in their interests and how much complexity they can comprehend.To elementary school children, Higginbotham may discuss a problem that many kids want to know about.“How do spacemen in a spacesuit eat, drink, and go to the bathroom?” Her answer is “the spacesuit is really a small spacecraft with room for food and water-containers, and a waste-collection system.” To a high school audience, she might satisfy a curiosity that often arises in her pre-speech interviews with students who obviously have seen many science fiction movies.“Do spacemen carry weapons in case they encounter enemies in space?” Her answer is “No”.To scientists, she might provide technical details on such topics as the design of spacesuits that protects spacemen from the deadly temperature extremes of space.Just as elaborate preparation is required for success in space, Higginbotham says that it’s important for speakers to learn as much as possible about their listeners before a speech because every audience is different.33.What did Joan Higginbotham do before joining in NASA?

34.How does Higginbotham prepare her speech on space walks?

35.What does the high school audience want to know about space travel?

Section C Compound Dictation:

Crime is increasing worldwide.There is every reason to believe the trend will continue through the next few decades.Crime rates have always been high in multi-cultural industrialized societies such as the United States.But a new phenomenon has appeared on the world scene: rapidly rising crime rates in nations that previously reported few offences.Street crimes such as robbery, rape, murder and auto theft are clearly rising, particularly in Eastern European countries, such as Hungary, and in Western European nations, such as the Untied Kingdom.What is driving this crime explosion? There are no simple answers.Still, there are certain conditions associated with rising crime.Increasing heterogeneity of population, greater cultural pluralism, higher immigration, democratization of governments, changing national borders, greater economic growth and the lack of accepted social ideas of right and wrong.These conditions are increasingly observable around the world.For instance, cultures that were previously isolated and homogenous, such as Japan, Denmark and Greece, are now facing the sort of cultural variety that has been common in America for most of its history.Multiculturalism can be a rewarding, enriching experience, but it can also lead to a clash of values.Heterogeneity in societies will be the rule in the 21st century, and failure to recognize and plan for such diversity can lead to serious crime problems.