第一篇:大学英语四级考试短文写作
大学英语四级考试短文写作
四项基本技能:听、说、读、写
传统上:听和说、读和写
现在的新视角:听和读(input)、说和写(output)
一. 四级英语评分标准
120个词:(10句话):每一段写3-4句话,写3个自然段
出题方式:命题作文、看图画或图表作文,根据所给文章(中文或英文)写出文章概要或大意,给出关键词作文等。
二. 四级作文题型
(一)正反阐释题
2000年6月
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary? The first sentence has already been written for you.You should write at least 120 words, and you should base your composition on the outline(given in Chinese)below:
1.很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试,理由是。。
2.也有人持不同意见。。
3.我的看法和打算
99年6月; 98年6月 97年6月; 96年6月;95年1月;05年12月; 06年12月
(二)阐释原因、描述危害题
00年1月;99年1月;97年12月;01年1月
(三)永恒话题
97年1月
(四)写一封信
01年6月;02年1月;03年6月(见证书);04年1月;04年6月;05年1月;
05年6月
三. 四级作文评分原则
CET作文采用总体评分(Global Scoring)方法。阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分(Reward Scores),而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。
1. 第一段要推敲
第二段看有没有主题句,第一句就写主题句
第三段总结
看作文就是看两点:第一看组织结构,第二看语言表达
2.检查五个方面的语言错误:
1)检查三个一致问题:主谓一致,时态一致,单复数一致
4)检查拼写错误
3.格式有2种:
(1)每一段缩进去4个字母,每一段之间不空行(传统格式)
(2)每一段顶格写,每一段之间空一行(流行格式)
4.评分标准:
11分――切题。表达思想清楚,文字连贯,但有少量语言错误。
14分――切题。表达思想清楚,文字通顺,连贯性好。基本无语言错误,仅有个
别小错。
字数不足酌情扣分。
注:只写一段者:0-4分;只写两段者:0-9分(按规定三段的作文)提供三点提
纲的作文
建议:无论提纲是几点,都要写到三段或四段
经原国家教委批准,四、六级考试已从1997年6月份起采用“作文最低分”制计算成绩,其中足见国家对提高大学英语写作能力的重视程度。按规定,考生作文若为0分,无论其总分是否高于60分,均作不及格处理;若其作文分高于0分,低于6分,报成绩时,需从总分中减去6分,再加上实得作文分。也就是说,要从总分中减去实得作文分与6分之间的差额部分。
四. 四级英语作文范文
1. Should Firecrackers Be Banned?
2. Do “Lucky Numbers” Really Bring Good Luck?
五. 主题句练习
1.确定以下主题句是否恰当。
Players on one team take turns batting, and the other team tries to put the batters out.The batter hits the ball and then tries to run around the bases and get “home” safely.The other team tries to put the batter out by catching the ball before it hits the ground, throwing the ball to the base before the batter gets there or by tagging the batter with the ball.The batter can stop at any one of the three bases if it is impossible to make it “home”.university you want to attend to get the necessary forms and information concerning that particular university’s entrance requirements.Then you must follow the steps outlined in their response.You will probably have to send copies of your high school diploma, get letters of recommendation, and write an essay on why you want to study there.You may have to achieve a certain score on the TOEFL test and have your scores forwarded to the university.Finally, you will have to contact the American embassy to start the procedures to obtain a student visa.refreshing swim.Then I walk along the beach and collect shells.Later you’ll find me relaxing in the warm sunshine and making sand castles.Then I sleep for a while before I open the basket of food and drinks that I always pack to take.those students can get to class on the bus.Many universities have a special shuttle bus that is provided for student transportation.Some students like to ride to class on bicycles.This is good exercise.Also, it is easier to find a space to leave a bicycle than to find a parking space for a can on a crowded university campus.Those students who live close to campus or on campus can enjoy a leisurely walk to their classes.2.写出相应的主题句。
1.______________________________________________________________________.The white pages of an American telephone book give the phone numbers of residences.The blue pages contain the numbers of government offices, and the yellow pages have advertisements and business numbers.There are maps as well as indexes at the back of the book.The telephone books of larger cities ma provide separate books for different sections of the city, while those of small towns may have room to include the numbers from several towns all in one book.2.________________________________________________________________________.First, the fast-food restaurant is good for people who must have a quick bite because of a busy schedule.Second, the food is inexpensive yet tasty.A person can eat an enjoyable meal out and stay within a limited budget.Finally, the food is usually consistent.For example, a cheeseburger from a well-known fast-food restaurant looks and tastes about the same no matter where in the world it is purchased.Consequently, buyers know exactly what they are getting.3.选出不支撑主题句的例子。
1)Ways to get rid of hiccups
A.breathe into a paper bag
B.hold your breath to the count of 10
C.have someone frighten you
D.make an appointment with your doctor
2)Steps for planning a trip
A.purchasing a map
B.working late
C.making an itinerary
D.reserving a ticket
3)Reasons for car accidents
A.fast driving
B.drinking and driving
C.not following traffic regulations
D.giving signals
4)Advantages off small apartments
A.good school facilities
B.easy to clean
C.cheaper to furnish
D.relatively inexpensive
5)Characteristics of a good restaurant
A.efficient waiters
B.tasty food
C.jacket and tie required
D.pleasant atmosphere
第二篇:大学英语四级考试短文写作讲解
大学英语四级考试短文写作
四项基本技能:听、说、读、写
传统上:听和说、读和写
现在的新视角:听和读(input)、说和写(output)
一. 四级英语评分标准
120个词:(10句话):每一段写3-4句话,写3个自然段
出题方式:命题作文、看图画或图表作文,根据所给文章(中文或英文)写出文章概要或大意,给出关键词作文等。
二. 四级作文题型
(一)正反阐释题
2000年6月
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary? The first sentence has already been written for you.You should write at least 120 words, and you should base your composition on the outline(given in Chinese)below:
1.很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试,理由是。。
2.也有人持不同意见。。
3.我的看法和打算
99年6月; 98年6月 97年6月; 96年6月;95年1月;05年12月; 06年12月
(二)阐释原因、描述危害题
00年1月;99年1月;97年12月;01年1月
(三)永恒话题
97年1月
(四)写一封信
01年6月;02年1月;03年6月(见证书);04年1月;04年6月;05年1月;
05年6月
三. 四级作文评分原则
CET作文采用总体评分(Global Scoring)方法。阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分(Reward Scores),而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。
1. 第一段要推敲
第二段看有没有主题句,第一句就写主题句
第三段总结
看作文就是看两点:第一看组织结构,第二看语言表达
2.检查五个方面的语言错误:
1)检查三个一致问题:主谓一致,时态一致,单复数一致
4)检查拼写错误
3.格式有2种:
(1)每一段缩进去4个字母,每一段之间不空行(传统格式)
(2)每一段顶格写,每一段之间空一行(流行格式)
4.评分标准:
11分――切题。表达思想清楚,文字连贯,但有少量语言错误。
14分――切题。表达思想清楚,文字通顺,连贯性好。基本无语言错误,仅有个
别小错。
字数不足酌情扣分。
注:只写一段者:0-4分;只写两段者:0-9分(按规定三段的作文)提供三点提
纲的作文
建议:无论提纲是几点,都要写到三段或四段
经原国家教委批准,四、六级考试已从1997年6月份起采用“作文最低分”制计算成绩,其中足见国家对提高大学英语写作能力的重视程度。按规定,考生作文若为0分,无论其总分是否高于60分,均作不及格处理;若其作文分高于0分,低于6分,报成绩时,需从总分中减去6分,再加上实得作文分。也就是说,要从总分中减去实得作文分与6分之间的差额部分。
四. 四级英语作文范文
(一)正反阐释题
1. Should Firecrackers Be Banned?
2. Do “Lucky Numbers” Really Bring Good Luck?
(二)阐释原因、描述危害题
提纲变主题句的技巧:
1)如为疑问句,一定要变为陈述句;(提纲必须是陈述句)
2)如果是短语,要变为句子。
3. Don’t Hesitate to Say No(99年1月)
4. My View on Fake Commodities(98年1月)
1)学会将两点提纲变为三点
2)写危害两个层面:
A.对国家/政府/社会的危害
B.对普通百姓的危害
(三)永恒话题
5. Haste Makes Waste(97年1月6级)
6.Practice Makes Perfect(97年1月)
总结(三种写法):
1. 完全把握提纲:三点提纲变成主题句
2. 写社会现象往往缺少引言段(描述现象)
3. 写成语、格言这样的文章一般缺少总结段
(四)再推荐一种模式
有时按照提纲完全打不开思路:
A. 第一段:写现象(提出问题)
B. 第二段:写原因(分析问题)
C. 第三段:写建议(解决问题)
7.Brain Drain
8.Fire Accidents in Big Cities
(五)图表作文
图表作文三段的写法:
1)第一段写图表的总的感觉,说明图表在讲一种什么社会现象。(对数据点到为止)
2)第二段写出现这些现象的原因
3)第三段有三种写法:
A.如果图表反映的是坏现象:建议采取什么措施(点到为止);
B.如果图表反映的是好现象:展望未来;
C.如果图表反映的是非好非坏的现象:发表自己的议论。
9.Film Is Giving Way to TV(1992年1月)
Directions:
(1)电影观众越来越少
(2)电视观众越来越多,因为……
(3)然而,还是有人喜欢看电影,因为…
Quote as few figures as possible.Remember to write your composition in readable handwriting.10.Car Accidents Declining in Walton City(1991年6月)
Suggested title: Car Accidents Declining in Walton City
(1)Rise and fall of the rate of car accidents as indicated by the graph;
(2)Possible reason(s)for the decline of car accidents in the city;
(3)Your predictions of what will happen this year.Your composition should be no less than 120 words and you should quote as few figures as possible.五. 主题句练习
1.确定以下主题句是否恰当。
Players on one team take turns batting, and the other team tries to put the batters out.The batter hits the ball and then tries to run around the bases and get “home” safely.The other team tries to put the batter out by catching the ball before it hits the ground, throwing the ball to the base before the batter gets there or by tagging the batter with the ball.The batter can stop at any one of the three bases if it is impossible to make it “home”.university you want to attend to get the necessary forms and information concerning that particular university’s entrance requirements.Then you must follow the steps outlined in their response.You will probably have to send copies of your high school diploma, get letters of recommendation, and write an essay on why you want to study there.You may have to achieve a certain score on the TOEFL test and have your scores forwarded to the university.Finally, you will have to contact the American embassy to start the procedures to obtain a student visa.refreshing swim.Then I walk along the beach and collect shells.Later you’ll find me relaxing in the warm sunshine and making sand castles.Then I sleep for a while before I open the basket of food and drinks that I always pack to take.those students can get to class on the bus.Many universities have a special shuttle bus that is provided for student transportation.Some students like to ride to class on bicycles.This is good exercise.Also, it is easier to find a space to leave a bicycle than to find a parking space for a can
on a crowded university campus.Those students who live close to campus or on campus can enjoy a leisurely walk to their classes.2.写出相应的主题句。
1.______________________________________________________________________.The white pages of an American telephone book give the phone numbers of residences.The blue pages contain the numbers of government offices, and the yellow pages have advertisements and business numbers.There are maps as well as indexes at the back of the book.The telephone books of larger cities ma provide separate books for different sections of the city, while those of small towns may have room to include the numbers from several towns all in one book.2.________________________________________________________________________.First, the fast-food restaurant is good for people who must have a quick bite because of a busy schedule.Second, the food is inexpensive yet tasty.A person can eat an enjoyable meal out and stay within a limited budget.Finally, the food is usually consistent.For example, a cheeseburger from a well-known fast-food restaurant looks and tastes about the same no matter where in the world it is purchased.Consequently, buyers know exactly what they are getting.3.选出不支撑主题句的例子。
1)Ways to get rid of hiccups
A.breathe into a paper bag
B.hold your breath to the count of 10
C.have someone frighten you
D.make an appointment with your doctor
2)Steps for planning a trip
A.purchasing a map
B.working late
C.making an itinerary
D.reserving a ticket
3)Reasons for car accidents
A.fast driving
B.drinking and driving
C.not following traffic regulations
D.giving signals
4)Advantages off small apartments
A.good school facilities
B.easy to clean
C.cheaper to furnish
D.relatively inexpensive
5)Characteristics of a good restaurant
A.efficient waiters
B.tasty food
C.jacket and tie required
D.pleasant atmosphere
六.找出下面段落中不支撑主题句的那句话。
1.Working at a part-time job while studying at a university has many advantages.If students can get a job in their area of study, they are gaining valuable experience and putting their
knowledge to use immediately.The extra money they can earn will be useful for meeting tuition fees and enjoying university activities.Also, they will have the personal satisfaction of having contributed to their own education.Students who need extra money can hold down a full-time temporary job during their summer vacation.2.Hobbies are important for many reasons.First, a hobby can be educational.For example, if the hobby is stamp collecting, the person can learn about the countries of the world and even some of their history.Second, engaging in the hobby can lead to meeting other people with the same interests.A person can also meet other people by going to parties.Third, a person’s free time is being used in a positive way.The person has no time to be bored or get into mischief while engaged in the hobby.Finally, some hobbies can lead to a future job.A person who enjoys a hobby-related job is more satisfied with life.3.There are several features of spoken English that make it difficult for me to understand.First, many words are not pronounced as they are spelled, so when I learn new words through reading, I sometimes don’t understand them when they are spoken.Second, native speakers contract words and phrases.“What are you doing?” becomes “Whatcha doin?” In my opinion, people should write clearly.Third, native speakers have a wide range of accents.A British accent is very different from a Texas one.Fourth, there are lots of idioms and slang expressions.These expressions also differ depending on the area a speaker is from.Finally, there are sounds that don’t exist in my language but do exist in English and vice versa.These sounds are difficult for me to distinguish.
第三篇:大学英语四级考试写作指南
大学英语四级考试写作指南:现象阐释型
本文作者: 赵子凌
这类写作类型是以当下比较流行的社会现象为话题展开的写作。一般题目即为现象,要求考生对现象进行较为详尽的阐释,包括分析该现象产生的原因或可能带来的后果,并要求考生谈谈自己对于该现象的看法或建议。
基本解题思路:描述现象,分析原因,自己对这个现象的看法。但有时提纲结构会稍加变化,第二部分要求分析后果而不是原因,写作时以具体提纲为准。
以2007年12月四级写作真题为例:
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic What Electives to Choose.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese.1.各大学开设了多种多样的选修课
2.学生因为各种原因选择了不同的选修课 3.以你自己为例„„
审题
根据题目中所给的中英文提示,可知话题是大学生非常熟悉的“选修课的选择”。因此考生在写的时候可以结合自己的实际情况进行分析,这样易于下手。中文提纲中的三个句子分别对应article的三个段落,可以作为各段落的主题句。
扩展提纲
1.开门见山地指出“各个大学开设了多种多样的选修课”这一现象。
2.阐述不同学生选择选修课的不同原因,如有的同学是出于兴趣,有的是为以后求职做准备。3.谈谈自己选择选修课时的考虑并解释。
范文
Nowadays, colleges offer a wide range of elective courses for undergraduates.Students from different departments may sit in the same classroom and study a subject that may have nothing to do with their majors.There is no doubt that elective courses are welcomed by students, but the reasons for each student to make his/her own choice differ.Some students choose a course merely out of their personal interest in a certain field, while others may take the utility of the course into consideration and expect to put what they have learnt into practice after graduation.Some students are inclined to choose courses they are familiar with in order to get a good score in the exam, while others do not care about the exam and choose a course in a little known field.Personally, I’d like to learn from elective courses some knowledge useful for my future job.Elective courses can provide a chance to learn about other professions and give me broader usability.If I can prove my training in business but also have courses in science, I may just win a job over those who strictly majored in business with no other interests.(195 words)老师评:这篇文章感觉只是一篇中规守距的短文,主要问题是没有按四六级作文三段结构来写,表达不够多样性。选修课在英文中可以表达为:electives, elective courses, optional, optional courses;专业可以用majors, departments, programs;
练习题
2011年6月四级写作真题 Online Shopping 1.现在网上购物已成为一种时尚
2.网上购物有很多好处,但也有不少问题 3.我的建议
四级作文高分秘诀
一.写得对
首先要保证审题正确,以免跑题。提纲式作文是四级作文中很常见的一种题型,建议考生在读题过程中将提纲中的关键词划出来,从而明确方向。
二.写得多
写作文最怕的是言之无物,干瘪无味。考生常见的问题是观点确定后无法展开论证。针对这个问题,建议考生在平时广泛地阅读报刊杂志,有效扩充自己的文化背景知识,有意识地积累名人轶事等素材。这与死记硬背范文有明显区别。
三.写出彩
要想四级作文出彩。一个小窍门就是注意所用语言的多样性。因为四级作文的篇幅不长,所以尽量不要让同一个单词反复出现。为了避免单词的重复使用,我们可以使用近义词或者同义的短语。如“主要的原因”:main reasons。Main可以替换为primary, essential, crucial,indispensable,fundamental。丰富多变的用词是article的最大亮点。
在句式方面,要避免单一的简单句型,可以适当加入倒装句、强调句、插入语等句式,做到句式多样化,为article加分。
作文评分知多少?
四级作文满分15分,阅卷老师从内容和语言两个方面进行综合评判,就总的印象给出奖励分:按五个标准给分,一般不会低于2分,但其他分,如3、4、6、7、15分也是会有的。报道分和翻译合并在一起,计算机自动加权处理为总分710分的20%(142分),但我看到的最好成绩是130多分。标准如下:
2分 — 条理不清,思路紊乱,语言支离破碎或有多处严重错误。5分 — 基本切题。思想不清楚,连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。
8分 — 基本切题。部分思想不够清楚,文字勉强连贯;语言错误颇多,包括一些严重错误。11分 — 切题。思想清楚,文字连贯,有少量语言错误。
14分 — 切题。思想清楚,文字通顺,连贯性较好,语言仅有个别小错。
(注:“严重语言错误”包括句子结构错误、时态语态错误和用词错误,严重影响作者意思的表达。)
一般来说,离要求词数每少10个扣一分(按一行算)。总词数超过要求一般不会扣分,但这并不意味着词数越多越好,建议控制在150-180词左右。明显笔误不扣分。
第四篇:大学英语四级考试-写作篇
大学英语四级考试——写作篇
(一)2004年初教育部高教司组织制定并在全国部分高校开始试点《大学英语课程教学要求(试行)》,《教学要求》规定,大学英语课程的教学目标是:培养学生的英语综合应用能力,特别是听说能力,使他们在今后工作和社会交往中能用英语有效地进行口头和书面的信息交流。在《大学英语四、六级考试改革方案(试行)》中,写作能力测试部分(Writing)比例为15%,其中题材包括议论文、说明文、应用文等。
命题趋势
从题型上看,2000年之前,四级作文主要考议论文,从2000年起作文命题指导思想开始变化,开始考更能体现考生实力的记叙文、描写文以及书信演讲类应用文。自2000年1月至2006年6月十三次考试中除2006年1月“Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists?”2003年1月“It Pays to Be Honest”及2000年6月“Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?”外,其他九次皆为 说明文、记叙描写文或应用文。最后这两类文章是考查考生英语表达基本功的最佳方式,因此近年来成为出现频率最高的题型。
从题材上看,四级考试作文命题贴近大学生的学习和课余生活,反映社会变化、发展和进步。在平常的训练中,论说文重点准备关于大学校园生活的话题,如学习生活、社会工作、兼职打工等;应用文重点在咨询信、投诉信、介绍信、请求信、建议信、道歉信、邀请信等私人和公务信函以及开幕词等致辞的写法。
题材类型
四级考试作文出题形式包含有图表类以及非图表类两大形式,其中非图表类有:
(1)观点论述题——提出明确个人观点,并对已经提出的观点提供充分、符合逻辑的论据。常用句型表达有:
In my opinion„„I ' m of the opinion that„„I think„„I argue for(against)„„I have three main reasons for my opinion„„
(2)不同物比较题——将两物进行比较(compare)或对照(contrast),比较两物/两观点的相同点,对照两个方面的相异点。常用表达有:
Similarly„„on the contrary„„in contrast„„contrary to„„prefer A to B„„
Compare with A„„B has the following advantages„„I like A more for the following reasons„„
(3)不同观点比较题 ——常用表达有:
Different people have different opinions„„some people insist that„,while others maintain„„
(4)信件
2002年6月的四级作文考了图表题。进行此类作文时,考生切忌堆砌数据,而应对图表进行准确地概括和描述后用更多的篇幅来揭示图表的含义或分析其现象的原因。
写作要求
《大学英语教学要求》规定,四级写作的要求为:“能完成一般性写作任务;能描述个人经理、观感、情感和发生的事件等;能写常见的应用文;能就一般性话题或提纲在半小时内写出120个词的短文,内容基本完整,用词恰当,语意连贯;能掌握基本的写作技能。”英语四六级作文有四个基本考点:
1、切题-----所谓切题是指在形式上诸如段落、字数、文体、格式等方面满足题目
要求,并在内容上没有偏差。
2、表达清楚、条理清晰------考查学生掌握文章结构,明确文章主题观点,有头有尾,论证说明安排有主次,有轻重。
3、文字通顺,连贯性较好----考查学生对过渡句和连接词或词组的掌握和运用,要求文章句子内部与句子之间通顺连贯,不突兀。
4、基本无语言错误----考查学生对言基本功的掌握,包括语法与拼写两部分。
考生在写作中,应当做到:注重语法、评写以及标点的正确使用,用词恰当;遵循文章的特定文体格式,使体裁符合试题要求;合理组织文章结构,以实现内容的统一和连贯;根据写作目的和特定读者,选择恰当的语言。
出题热点
综观写作题材的选择,我们可以发现,出题热点还是比较集中。以下是常见文章题材内容:
1、方便------发明,计算机,网络,快餐,新科技
Key words: convenience;convenient;bring us much convenience2、效率-------相对时间内量最大
Key words: efficient;efficiency;save/waste time3、节省和浪费-----针对大学生生活习惯
Key words: diligent;economical;thrifty;save space;metro/subway/tube;
costly;time-consuming;lavish;
selfish;selfishness;conservative;isolated;improve;enrich4、心理精神健康------体育运动,生活习惯,室内/室外运动
Key words: independence;dependant;cooperation;team spirit;compete;
creation;creative;tolerance;tolerant;
physical;psychological;mental;healthy;mentally unhealthy;
sociable;popular;party animal5、娱乐-----新发明
Key words:recreation;entertainment;relaxation;
amusement park;leisure time;kill the time;
pleasure, autonomous, tired6、环境
Key words:environment;pollution;poisonous;contaminated;separated wastes;recycle7、身体健康
Key words: disease;energetic;dynamic8、风险
Key words:risk;hazard;danger;threaten9、经验-----------谚语,抽象话题
Key words:social;sophisticated;skillful10、人道、正义、公平
Key words:humane;fair;justice;fair;help;love
大学英语四级考试——写作篇
(二)命题作文按照要求,体裁基本可以分为观点论证、利弊选择、现象解释、途径点评以及应用文写作这五类。各类体裁按照评分标准,各有其写作技巧,考生在平时的训练过程中应多注意培养针对不同体裁文章的写作技巧和思路。
1. 观点论证型
观点论证型作文要求考生根据题目给出的论点,按照所给提纲的结构要求对其进行论证,然后表明自己的立场和观点,通过摆事实、讲道理的方式论述事理,发表意见,确立或否定某一主张。
审题思路考生拿到作文题后首先应确立论证的主题、写作结构以及材料选择与组织。写作步骤
表明观点,提出论点; 论证观点,以事实和数据为依据例证论点; 得出结论或表明个人看法和做法。
基本模式
第一部分:总结描述,用一两句话概括、描述当今社会存在的某种观点,并做
简单的扩展——主题句+扩展句 第二部分:列出论据,说明观点成立的理由——主题句+举例 第三部分:表明自己的观点并结束全文。结尾部分一定要总结自己的观点。类型范例
Nowadays, „„is a common thing / has become more and more popular.For example, „„.There are different attitudes towards it.Some people believe that„„ / some people have the idea that „„;while other people view differently, they contend that„„.And some others„„.In my opinion / As far as I am concerned / From my point of view, I prefer„„.Personally speaking, I would rather„„.As long as / With the development of„„, we’ll certainly that„„ in the end.2. 利弊选择型
利弊选择型作文要求考生能对一个论题的正反两个方面加以阐述分析,进一步作出选择,推导出自己认为合理的解决该问题的模式。
审题思路考生拿到作文题后首先应该确立协作主题、写作结构以及材料选择与组织。写作步骤
主题:分析问题事实存在是否有讨论的必要性
开头段:点明主题,指出争论焦点 中心段1:阐述提纲中列举的一种看法,给出理由或者举例说明 结构:主题句+理由/举例1+理由/举例2+理由/举例3 中心段2:阐述提纲中列举的另一种看法,给出理由或者举例说明
结构:主题句+理由/举例1+理由/举例2+理由/举例3
结论段:表明自己的观点,结束全文
类型范例
These days we often hear that„„.It is common that„„.People hold different views about„„.Some people believe / have the idea that „„.They say that„„.They point out that„„.For example„„.But on the contrary, other people disagree with them.They firmly believe that„„.They argue that„„.In my own opinion, the former / latter opinion holds more weight.For one thing, „„.For another, „„.Last but not the least, „„.3. 现象解释型
现象解释型作文要明确描述社会生活中存在的一种现象,要求考生根据自己的思考说明该现象所反映的社会问题,并且解释该现象存在或发生的原因。
表述类型现象解释型作文有两种表述类型,其中包括文字描述型和图表说明型。考生拿到作文题,应就给出信息确立写作主题、结构以及材料的选择和组织。
写作步骤1 文字描述型可以将文章分为三段,指出现象;解释原因;分析优劣褒贬,最后明确主旨,并且给出建议。
第一部分:描述现象,引起话题; 第二部分:对现象进行细致分析,结实现象发生或变化的原因; 第三部分:针对现象做出评论,表明自己的态度、观点或做法以及如何在日常
生活中有效发挥该现象的优势或避免不利的方面。
解释、描述句型
(1)Everybody knows that„
(2)It is true that„
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is„ The chief reason is that„ To take„for an example„ Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned„
(7)There are several causes for this significant growth in„:First„Secondly„
Finally„
(8)Different people observes it in different ways.写作步骤2 图表说明型是现象解释性作文的变体。在此类作文中,题目提供的主题信息由图表来呈现,表现某一现象的细节、变化或发展趋势,要求考生对所给信息进行分析,然后描述,说明现象存在和变化的原因,预测发展趋势,并且在此过程中阐述个人看法。
第一部分:描述图表中数据的主要趋势,对数据进行分析比较,总结归纳图表 内容所呈现的主要特征; 第二部分:对现象和变化进行细致的分析,解释现象发生或变化的原因;
第三部分:针对现象和变化做出结论。
图表、描述句型
(1)It has increased by three times as compared with that of 1998.(2)There is an increase of 20% in total this year.(3)The table shows that it is decreased twice than that of the year 1996.(4)Compared with 1997, it fell from 15 to 10 percent.(5)The number is 5 times as much as that of 1995.(6)It has decreased almost two and half times, compare with„
类型范例
From the chart / graph / table / figure, we can clearly see that„„.Obviously that„„.In
my mind, there are three reasons can explain this phenomenon.To begin with / The main reason is„„.What is more / In addition that„„.Thirdly / Lastly / Apart from that„„.As a result / In short„„.Considering all these„„.For one thing„„.For another„„.In conclusion / In brief / To sum up„„.4. 途径点评型
途径方法型作文通过给出提示性文字或图表提出(或反映)社会生活中存在的某一现实问题,要求考生指出问题的危害性或解决该问题的紧迫性。然后对问题进行分析,提出解决方案或应对措施,最后表明考生自己的态度和做法。
审题思路了解途径方法类作文的特征,按照下列思路进行写作:首先概述现状,提出问题;其次分析和解决问题;最后总结全文或提出建议。
写作步骤
明确所要讨论的主题
开头段:阐述为什么要讨论该主题,其重要性以及作用 中心段1:分析主题讨论问题的原因
中心段2:讨论解决问题所必须的条件或具备的因素
结论段:得出结论,重申问题的重要性
或者从各个方面提出解决该问题的建议和方法
类型范例
With the improvement of„„, there are„„.For example, „„.So it is high time„„.The reasons are: First / At first / To begin with„„.Secondly / The second / In addition / Furthermore / Besides, „„.Lastly / Finally / Last but not least„„.But how to„„?In my opinion, I think / as far as I am concerned„„.On the one hand„„.On the other hand„„.Therefore, I believe„„.
第五篇:大学英语四级短文听力
大学英语四级短文听力:提问方式及解题对策
短文听力的提问方式最常见的有4种类型。
1.中心思想题。这类问题主要是测试文章的主题思想。
提问方式有:What is the main idea of the passage? What can we learn from this passage? What is the best title for this passage? What is the passage mainly about? What is the speaker talking about?等等。
做这一类题时一定要注意集中精力听好短文的开头,因为四级听力短文一般会开门见山,把中心思想置于文章的开头。另外,如果文中反复出现同一词汇或同一类词汇,同样也值得我们特别注意,因为包含有这类词汇的选项能较好地体现中心思想,通常就是正确答案。
2.事实细节题。所考察的细节包括具体时间、地点、主要人物或事件、各种数字等,问题一般为wh-question的形式。
这类题要求我们听到文中出现时间、数字时一定要特别敏感,及时做好笔记;另外,文中一旦出现以因果连词(如because, so, due to等)和转折连词(如but, however, though等)引导的句子也要格外留心,这些地方往往就是考点。
3.对错判断题。这类题常用以下提问方式:Which of the following is true/not true, according to the passage? Which of the following is not mentioned?等等。听到这类题时,一定要听清提问,对于有没有not一词要弄清楚。一般情况下,not一词会重读。
4.推理推测题。这类题需要对文中的信息进行分析推断,才能作出正确的选择。提问方式有:What can be infer from the passage? What does the speaker think about the problem...? What does the speaker most concerned about? How does the writer feel about...?等等。
做这类题时一定要注意与短文内容一样的不是推断,而且一定要根据短文的观点而不是根据自己的观点来推断。