第一篇：美国俚语起源与发展-原创中文版
美国俚语如何进入大众文化
Abstract：American slang originates from the people of lower class, but has been used by people of different states, which makes it into a popular language from the vulgar one.The essay tells the development of American slang from both the aspects of language itself and social culture.We can judge from the essay that people can not only experience the unique characteristic of slang, but also the American culture which is hidden in this language.美国俚语起源于二战期间, 那时的俚语只是某一个人团体所使用的暗语或行话.而这一语言的诞生恰恰是这一团体中类似于吸毒者,流浪汉和罪犯这样的人.比如一些吸毒者就创造了一种俚语,他们用鼻嗅糖,黑色的东西,射击场这样的词来暗指毒品.黑人甚至将俚语看作是本民族文化的一部分.他们使用像廉价酒,阔步舞,霹雳舞,爵士之类的词汇.但是现在,俚语已经成为美国人广泛使用的语言,并在日常生活中起着重要的作用.它已经从一种粗俗的语言形式转变成一种标准语体, 并经常在类似于纽约时报这样的报纸和杂志上出现.据报道,美国俚语的词汇已占到英语总体词汇的十分之一.显然,俚语已成为美国文化的一个重要组成部分.2.文章脉络
20世纪之前,美国上流社会的人们对俚语持有蔑视的态度.评论家托马斯在他1829年发表的<我的理想>一文中评述到: 俚语是傻瓜才会使用的语言.到了1928年,俚语一词在韦伯英语词典里被定义为低级,粗俗而毫无意义的语言.然而, 20世纪时, 美国人民对俚语的态度却发生了戏剧性的转变.新一版的韦伯词典将俚语一词定义为非正式的,非标准性语言.这种语言通常是由一些生搬硬造的词汇组成, 用以体现出一种过激的, 强势的或是滑稽的语言特征.俚语作为一种起源于社会底层的语言,必然有它成为被大众文化所接受的种种原因.这些因素可以分为两类.一种是源于俚语本身,另一种是源于文化氛围.2.1 内在原因
2.1.1俚语的简洁性
俚语的句子简短易懂.我们都知道”flu”这个词是流感的意思，而“cab”是出租车的意思，但是我们很少知道这些语言是来自于俚语，而且它们的原型动词是“influenza”和“motor car”.俚语通过缩写，省略等方式使其比那些常规而难拼的词汇更加简短，在不混淆含义与概念的前提下使冗长的内容变得更简洁明了。最典型的一个例子就是用“prof” 来代替 “professor”, 用“VIP” 来代替“a very important person”，用“tomboy（假小子）”来指代那些喜欢剧烈运动，喜欢参加喧闹活动的小女孩。
2.1.2 情感表达的直观性
另一个俚语盛行的原因是由于它比那些标准化的词汇更能表达人们的真实情感.比如说当一个人出色地完成一项工作时,那些类似于常规的”excellent”(好极了)或是“well done”(干得不错)的词汇则不能表达其赞扬之意。有时人们需要表达的情感远远超出了词汇所能形容的程度，而俚语则恰恰弥补了这个空白。比如，在棒球方面就有很多俚语，它们表达出了“a great job”(做得不错)这样的真实情感，那就是“hit a home run”(全垒打，全胜), “bat one thousand”(非常出色)这样的词汇。
2.1.3生动性
美国俚语运用多种修辞手法使得语言更加生动形象。当人们读到“a curve ball”(曲线球)这个词时，他们的脑海中会浮现出一个棒球手面对曲线球这样的场景，这使得人们立即联想到了“a difficult thing”(某件难事)这个概念。短语“out of ball park”(越出棒球场)也生动描述了某件超出控制的事。许多俚语的诞生是源于语言本身与具体形象的相似性以及相关性。这类的俚语包含简明的结构和新奇的含义，而且有时会产生意想不到的文学效果。试着比较这两个句子：“这一对恋人终于决定长相厮守”和“他已到达迟暮之年”，这样的句子是不是比“他们最终结婚了”以及“他已经老了”这样的词更有文学效果。从这些例子我们可以看出，俚语是某个具体形象的类比，暗喻，转喻 和 延伸。
2.2 外部因素
除了语言本身的原因以外，我们也要注意到美国文化氛围的因素。我们都知道，美国是一个移民国家，其文化氛围十分自由开放。这样的氛围连同俚语本身的语言特征共同为俚语的发展创造了适宜的条件。
与此相似，伦敦腔则是发源于伦敦东部地区工人阶级的语言，但伦敦腔却被认为是低级语言并被歧视。1909年，这种态度甚至通过伦敦议会召开的伦敦小学英语教学会议而愈演愈烈，会议发布的报告中说伦敦音由于它令人不快的鼻音，是一种腐败现象的体现，并且任何人都不应该在这个帝国的首府应用这样的语言。伦敦音不被大众文化接受的根本原因其实不在于发音，而在于英国人当时的强烈的阶级观念。在电影《My Fair Lady》当中，一个贵族立志要将一个在大街上叫卖鲜花的农家女改造成一个举止优雅的上流社会女士，这个农家女孩于是就从改变强调开始训练自己。
2.3 文化内涵性
尽管俚语是一种信息性语言，却成功地狱标准语结合在了一起。作为一种特殊的文化载体，俚语反应了美国人真实的说话风格以及当地美国文化。
2.3.1 新颖性
俚语的基本精神就是不落俗套、追求新奇。富有创新精神的美国人民为很多陈旧的词汇赋予了新的含义。比如词组“have a lot on the ball”就起源于20世纪早期的棒球游戏，指那些总
是给接球员带来许多麻烦的技术型发球员。但是那时，美国人赋予了它另外一层含义，那就是“高超而经验丰富”的含义。
2.3.2 幽默性
俚语通常是幽默风趣的, 这反应了美国人强烈的幽默感.当你想描述一个贪婪的人时,你可以用”swallow”（吞）或是”gulp”（吞咽）这样的词,但这样的词无法表达”吞咽”这个动作以外的信息.但如果你用俚语, 效果就会截然不同.那些类似于“to wolf down”(狼吞虎咽), “to eat like a hog(像猪一样吃东西)” or “to make a pig of oneself(把某人显得像猪一样)”的短语不仅描述出了动作,更充满了幽默感.另一个例子就是北大西洋公约组织，但富于创新美国人已把它发展成另一涵义截然不同的俚语：No Action Talk Only(不要只说不做)．从而成功地讥讽了这一组织的缺陷.2.3.3 包容性
如上所述，自由宽容的文化环境为俚语在美国的传播提供了丰富的条件，俚语的流行可以说是美国文化开放性和自由化的一种反映；另一方面，很多美国俚语不符合传统的语法规范，表现出随心所欲的自由。如他们说the most worst winter而不是the worst winter,他们也用 I seen him walk up来代替I saw him walk up, 还有,他们也认为They haves a house相当于they have a house.有时他们所形容的“好”可以用bad(坏)、evil(邪恶)、wicked(邪恶)等词汇表示，这些词的词义明显已经被延伸,反映出他们在语言方面的基本观念.Conclusion:
The American slang which originated from common culture and jumped out of the limitation of traditional language has represented the free style of speech of the American people.American slang makes communicators become relaxed, interesting, and intimate, which becomes the reason for its popularity.All these characteristics have showed the innovation and humor of Americans.The slang, as a kind of complicated phenomenon has reflected the cultural development.At the same time, American slang has a significant effect on the social culture when reflects the characteristics of the social culture.For example, the development of American literal works, movies and English study all have close relationship with American slang.
第二篇：美国英语俚语
A a babe in arms 涉世未深的人 a big letdown 大失所望的人 a big shot 重要的人 a blind alley 死胡同 a busy signal 电话忙音
a close game 势均力敌的比赛 a heap of 一大堆
a heavy course load 繁重的课程负担 a bed of rose 安乐窝，称心如意的环境 a big dog 看门狗/保镖
a big fish in a small pond 小地方的大人物 a big line 吹牛皮
a blue woman 有学问的妇女 a cut-up 胡闹者 a dog in a blanket a dog in the manager a fly in the ointment 扰人之事
a fool and his money are soon parted 容易所骗的人 a gad about 四海为家的人 a long shot 大胆的推测
a picture of health 健康的样子 a shoulder to cry on 可以依赖的人 a silken tongue 三寸不烂之舌 a stand-in 临时代替者 a stand-out 杰出人才 a stone's throw 很接近
a watched pot never boil 不要心急 a yellow dog 卑鄙小人
abandon oneself to despair 悲观失望 a blue-eyed boy 所宠爱的孩子 above all things 第一是
above ground 在地上，比喻或者未死 above measure 非常，过分，无可估量 above oneself 自命不凡 above price 无价 above the rest 特别 above-board 光明正大的 absolute refusal 断然拒绝
accommodate oneself to circumstances 遂于而安 ace in the hole 最后的王牌 act of God 天灾 act out 实行
act of fool 装傻
after a storm comes a calm 暴风雨过后的平静 after is said and done 终归
after hour 规定时间后（办公时间等）aim high 志向远大
air oneself 到户外呼吸新鲜空气 alibi 借口 ask alibi 找借口 alive with 洋溢，拥抱
all aboard 各位请上车/船
all bark and no bite 光说不做 all burn up 怒火如焚
all gone 希望等的消逝，物品等的丢失 all in the day's work平凡的事情，不稀奇 all is still 万籁俱静
all lined up, all wind up, all set 一切准备好了 all manner of 各色各样 all skin and bones 皮包骨 all steam go 一切就绪，万事俱备 all the better 更好了
all the father 尽...所有/所能 all the go 非常流行 all the worse 反而更坏
all there 头脑清醒的
all things to all men 八面玲珑 all tire out 太疲惫 all to the good 幸好 all too often 太平常 all too 太
all turned out 如愿以偿 all washed up 全完蛋了 all wet 完全搞错了 all you have to do 你最好 allow for考虑，体谅 allow oneself in 沉溺 alongside of 与...并排 an uphill battle 艰难的战斗 and all that 诸如此类 and so forth 等等 and then 然后 any yet 但是
angel's visit 难得的客人，难得遇见的事物 animated talk 畅谈
another matter 另一回事
another thing coming(to have)注定要到倒霉 another time 下次
answer back 回嘴
answer for 负责，保证 any man alive 无论谁 any old thing 什么都
anything under the sun 任何事情 appeal to arms 诉诸武力 anywhere near 根本
are you telling me 用你来告诉我吗/要你来发好施令吗 arrest one's eye 引人注目 art and part 策划和参与 as a general rule 一般说来 as best one can 尽最大能力 as best one may 尽力想方设法 as broad as it is long 半斤八两
as clay in the hand of the potter 得心应手 as clear as crystal 十分清楚 as clear as day 明若观火
as clear as mud 不清晰，混乱 as close as a clam 一毛不拔 as cross as two sticks 非常生气 as dry as bone 口渴
as easy as ABC 很简单
as faithful as dog 十分忠实 as far as that goes 实际上 as firm as rock 坚如磐石 as gentle as a lamb 性情温顺的 as good as a play 非常有趣 as good as one's promise 受约 as good as one's word 受约
as graceful as a swan 姿势优美的 as is 照现在的样子，原样
as like as chalk and cheese 似是而非 as many again as =as much again as两倍于 as matters stand 在现状下，按照目前状况 as of 在...的时候，直到...之前 as per 按照
as plain as the nose on one's face(to be)显而易见 as poor as a church mouse 一贫如洗 as soft as down 柔软如绒毛 as soon 宁愿
as sure as I’m alive 十分确实地 as the case stands 事实上 as the crows flies 笔直地
as the saying goes 正如俗语所说的
as the world goes 照习惯说
as things are 按照目前状况 as thought 好像
as who should say 可谓，可以这样说 as yet 至今还/尚/还 as you please 随你意思 as you were 复原 ask no odds 不求照顾 ask the way 问路
assume a new aspect 面貌一新 at a blow 立即 at a dash 一气呵成
at a full jump 全速的
at a /one stroke 立即/一举 at all event 总之 at anchor 停泊/抛锚 at bay 陷入绝境
at best 最好不过/充其量 at call 随叫/随要
at close hand 在近处/不远将来 at cross purpose 目的相反 at ease 自由自在
at fault 出毛病/出故障 at fewest 至少
at first blush 乍看/一看 at full blast 全速地/大规模地 at heart 从内心上，本质上 at home in/with擅长 at issue 争论
at one heels 紧跟着
at one word 马上
at one's fingertips 了如指掌 at one's own charge 自费
at one's service 听候某人吩咐 at random 随机 at sight 一见就 at table 在吃饭
at the back of one's mind 在心里
at the bottom of fortune’s wheel 倒霉透顶 at the end of one's rope 忍无可忍 at the first face 乍一看
at the longest 之多 at the peak 最高价
at the point of the sword 敌意/剑拔弩张
at the point of 临近...的时刻
at the tip of one's tongue 话说到嘴边了 at the top of one's lung 大声说话 at will 随意
at worst 在最坏的情况下 at your disposal 由你支配 at your earliest convenience away with it 停止/挪开
B B.T.O.big time operator 浪费时间 back in the saddle 重整旗鼓 bash 大型派对
beat him on the spot 当场把他打败
beat one's head against the wall 白费力气 beat one's brain(out)做事困难，伤透脑筋 beat sb to the draw 抢先某人一步 beat someone by miles 远远强于某人 beautiful but dumb 木美人 before you know it 很快 behind the scenes 幕后人物 bend over backwards 竭尽全力 bet on it 有把握
bet your life 你绝对错了
between a rack and a hard place 进退维谷 between ourselves 秘密地说 big headed 傲慢/自大 big style 大派头
biggie 大人物/很重要的事物 bite one's tongue 保持沉默 blast 欢乐时光
blow it big time 严重的错误 blow one's lines 忘记台词 bologna 乱讲
boot-legging 卖私酒者 bootlick 拍马屁 bossy 专制的 bound to 必定
break out in a cold sweat to 突然全身冒冷汗 bric-a-brac 小摆设
bring them back alive 将他们活捉回来 broomstick 瘦如竹扫把 bud/buffed朋友
buffed 肌肉发达的
build castle in the air 空中楼阁 bull session 长谈 bummed 失望的
burn bridge 过河拆桥
burn one's finger 遇到挫折
burn one's boats/bridges 破釜沉舟,自断后路 bury one's head in the sand 逃避 butter and egg man 有势力的人 buy into something 接受某事物 buy your story 相信你的鬼话 by and large 大体上
C call in sick 打电话请病假 can manage 有办法
can't be better 最好不过
cant't get away with it 法网难逃 got canned 被炒了
card up in one's sleeve 锦囊妙计 carefree 无忧无虑
cast sheep's eye 暗送秋波 castle in Spain 白日做梦 sleepy head 爱睡觉的人 catch one's eye 引起注意
chicken hearted 胆小的人
cleaned out(储备品，钱)用完，（商品）售完 clunker 老爷车/破旧的汽车 cocky/sassy 神气活现
cold day in hell 绝对不可能 come and get it 试一下来拿吧 come off it 少废话，别瞎扯 come to a head 到了紧要关头 come to think of it 想起来了
come up and see me sometime 常来看我 comfy舒服的
common as an old shoe 不摆架子，平易近人 cook up a story 捏造 cool your lips 冷静下来
country pumpkin 土头头脑
cover someone 掩护某人，用枪瞄准某人 crane one's neck to see 伸长脖子看什么东西 crook 骗子
cry wolf 发假警报
cuff someone 给某人上手铐
curtain lecture 枕边劝戒，妻子私下对丈夫的训话 cut class 旷课
cut it 能够做某事，成功作做某事
D dapper 花花公子
days are numbered 来日无多 dead serious 非常认真的 Dear John letter 绝交信 devil's luck 特别好运气 die in shoes 暴死街头
dirty work 讨厌的工作，卑鄙的工作 do all the talking 言之滔滔的人 do it all right 做的不错
do it in your stuff 拿出本领来 do one's endeavor 尽力为之 dog sleep 不时惊醒的睡眠 dog watch 夜班
dog 丑八怪
break one's neck 致命伤
don't go off the deep end 不要心灰意冷 don't hold your breathe 不要指望
don't stick your nose in 不要牵涉在内 down something 喝某东西 drop the ball 失职
drown one's sorrows 借酒消愁
E easy as pie/cake 容易 easy money 易赚的钱
either make or break 破釜沉舟
enough is as good as a feast 知足常乐
enough to get by 够应付的
everything is coming up roses 自己经历的每一件事情都 eyes bigger than one's stomach 眼馋肚饱 eye to eye 看法一致
F fair, fat and forty 中年妇女 far and away 毋庸置疑 fast worker 闪电恋爱
feel oneself 觉得身心舒畅的
feeling low 悲观
field day 快乐时光，自我放纵 fight it out 奋斗
fight tooth and nail 爪牙并用，拼命抵抗 figure head 无权力的人
fine feathers make fine bird 人要金装
fish for a compliment for someone 讨某人的恭维 fake 不可信任的人 flapper 爱打扮的女人 flat taste 味道平平flat tire 无精打采；爆胎 flats平底鞋 footfall 客流量 for a song 很便宜
for better or for worse 不计成败 for good 永远/一劳永逸 for on thing 但是
for real 表里如一/可靠的 forget that noise 不可能
framed 被陷害/遭栽赃
freeloader 利用别人的善良或者好客而占人家便宜的人 fresh out of sth 耗尽某物，用完某物/新近离开 frisk 搜身
from the word go 立刻，马上
G gal/dame 女人
get a black eye 被打青了眼睛 get a clue to 当心，警惕
get a hold of oneself 控制情绪 get a load of 试试 get a move on 赶快
get down to 使得自己不受拘束，放纵自己 get even 报复
get it all together 不慌不忙，沉着冷静 get off it 别胡扯/换话题
get up enough nerve to do something 鼓足勇气去做某事 get someone down 令某人不愉快 get rusty 生手 gigolo 护花使者
give an ear to 听一听
give someone a black eye 打得某人鼻青脸肿 give him a buzz 打电话给他
give him a dirty look 给他憎恨的眼色
give him a dirty work 给他难为的工作 give him a free hand 由他去干吧 give him a lift 送他一程
give him some dope 给他一些内幕消息 give him the wood 打他几下 give him the work 给他点本领看看 give it to him 给他一试
give someone an inch, he/she will take a mile 得寸进尺 go about 怎么办 go easy 俭省些
go off on someone 对某人大喊大叫 go off the deep end 勃然大怒 go to one's head 冲昏头脑 go to town 竭尽全力去做某事 go together 谈恋爱
go under th knife 接受外科手术 go west 死
good God 上帝啊 good gracious 天啊 good taste 合胃口 got the punch 有力的 great promiser 食言者 green horn 新手
H hail fellow 久仰
hang in the balance平分秋色 hang in there 耐心等候/忍耐一下
hang on by the eyelids 事情位在旦夕 hanky panky 鬼马
hard boiled egg 难相处的人
hard nut to crack 难于驾驭的女人 hard up 经济拮据
hard-headed businessman 斤斤计较的商人
haul 赶快
have a good head on one's shoulder 有见识，明白事理 have a weakness for something 酷爱某事物
have it bad for 狂恋某物
have one's name on sth 某物完全适合某人/为某人度身定做 have roses on one's face 脸色红润 have the face 厚颜无耻 he girl 男性化的女孩 to be soft 容易相处
he man/big boy 壮硕的男人
bark and no bite 动口不动手 heart of stone 铁石心肠 hell of the time 时光难熬 hen-pecked 惧内者 hey you 你
country jack 乡下佬
high and brow 上等的，名贵的 his right man 他的得力助手 hit it hard 努力做事
hit the nail right on the head 完全正确，正中要害 hit upon 偶然想出 hold it down 保持安静 hold on'e own 独当一面 hold someone up 抢劫某人
hold your horse 慢一点
hold up in broad daylight 光天化日之下抢劫 hop in 上车 horn 电话
how you come out 怎么发生的
I get yoy my word 我认真答应你
I hear ya 我同意
I’ll say 我同意，当然 I’ll see to it 我来处理它
if worse comes to worst 到了万不得已的的时候 if you snooze, you lose 如果你不注意，就错过良机了 in a sweet 心烦
in black and white 立下字据 in heat 愤怒地
in high(low)spirit 精神愉快，消沉 in smooth water 进入顺境 in the dog house 陷入困境
in the good old day 幸福的日子 in the throes of death 受痛苦而死 innocent kid 无辜的人 it's a steal 真是便宜 it's in God's hands 听天由命
J jack of all trade 什么都懂 joint 大麻，地方 jolly guy 快活的人 jump on me 向我发脾气 junky 衣不称身
just what the doctor ordered 对症下药
K keep a good house 收拾房子
keep body and soul together 温饱
keep some posted 使得某人不断得到最新消息 keep track 留意
kick in the pants 踢屁股 kid gloves 小心谨慎 kiddies 小孩
know sth like the palm of one’s hands 了如指掌
L ladies man 女人喜欢的男人 lardo 胖子 lashes 睫毛
lay down the law 立下规矩 lay stress on 重视
lead a cat and dog life 过着不和谐的生活 lead a dog's life 非人生活 lean meat 瘦肉
leave it to me 让我干吧 let down 放弃
let someone have it 严厉训斥某人
life in not all roses 人生不是十全十美 life a finger 不出一点力 like a lamb 逆来顺受
like a parrot 毫无知识
like a rolling stone 行踪不定 live up to your words 言必信 living encyclopedia 活的百科全书 living like a lord 过着贵族的生活 living soul 人
lose one's cool 发脾气 lose track of 失去联系 lots of dough 很多钱
love handles 游泳圈/胖的腰围
M make it snappy 提起精神
make the gorge rise 令人讨厌 make whoopee 欢呼作乐 mind your eye 当心 miser 守财奴
mish-mash 混杂物、大杂烩
miss the bus 错过机会
miss the boat 错过机会 /好东西等 money talky 财可以通神 monkey 五百美金
moonlight 兼职
my ass 才怪（强烈质疑）my shoes bite 鞋子小，穿着疼脚
N nail sth down 敲定某事使得万无一失 nail the brakes 急刹车 nip sth in the bud 防患于未然 no fun 没有意思
no laughing matter 非同小可
not to wear your heart on your sleeve 不要太情绪化 nothing but skin and bones 很瘦 now you're talking 你说得有道理
O old dog 上年纪的人
old hand 老手
old man 老爸，男朋友，老公 old timer 老手，老资格 on a good note 欢尽而散 on a horse 快马加鞭
on pins and needles 坐立不安 on the edge of my seat 专心地听和看 on the rock 处境困难
one way or the other 千方百计 out and out 完全地
out of one's hold 脱手 out of form 不合时，不合身 out of it 精神恍惚 get canned 失业 out of sort 发脾气 out of spirit 心神不安 over and over 多次地，重复地 over grown 孩子气 own boss 自己当老板
P pass the back 让人做吧 past all hope 无可救药
pat him on the back 联络感情 prayer(没有)成功的可能性 pull devil, pull baker 加油 pull sth 干坏事
pull the dirty trick 有意愚弄 pull the purse string 吝啬
punch your light out 打得你两眼发黑 put a finishing touch 最后修饰 put a good show 好好干吧 put on air 宣传
put one's shoulder to the wheel 全力以赴 put some heart on 施加压力
put sb up 为某人提供膳食
put sth on the back corner 推迟做某事 put one's feet on the ground 脚踏实地 put your heart at rest 放下心来
R raid the fridge 吃光冰箱里的食物 raise hell 大发牢骚
read sb the riot act 训诫某人 ritzy 豪华的
rosy prospect 美好前景 rosy view 乐观看法 rosy 美满
round way 圆滑一点
round-table conference 圆桌会议 rubber check 空头支票 rubbish 胡说
S sad news（令人悲伤的消息）账单 same old stuff 一样的东西 sandals 凉鞋
save one's neck 免受苦难 sawing wood 鼾声如锯木 scallker 黄牛党
scare the devil out of sb 吓死人 secret sorrow 难言之隐
set the world on fire 一些震撼世界的杰出成就 shadow/tail 跟踪
shake and make up 握手言和 bloody shame 可耻
shop till one drops 购物直到累死
show down 决胜者
show sb the back door 下逐客令 make a hit 出风头 show up 到达 side money 横财
sissy 娘娘腔的，基佬
sit on the top of the world 自大 japs/Skeepie 日本人
sleep a wink(没有)合眼 slightest idea 一点意思也没有 slop 劣质食品
smart guy 手段漂亮的人 snobbish 有绅士架子的人 soak 要价太高 soft soap 滑头
sonny boy 可爱的孩子
sore spot 致命伤
speak the same language 志同道合 spell out of town 驱逐处境 spic and span 非常整洁 spineless 没有骨气
spitting image of someone 于某人一模一样 spoil the show 煞风景 spring for 请客
square one's words with one's conduct 言行一致 squeeze 扒钱
stand no more nonsense 不准儿戏
stand one's ground 坚持己见，原地踏步 start from square one 重头开始
stay up till all the hours of the night 彻夜未眠 step it up 采取行动
step on one's big toe 激怒某人 stick-up 抢劫
sticky business 让人左右为难的事情 stool pigeon 内鬼
stop on a dime 突然停止 stowaway 偷渡的人
strong meat 难以理解的问题 suck one's brain 投机取巧 sugar coated 口蜜腹剑
sweat like a pig 汗流浃背 sweet water 饮用水
swell/regular guy 好人 swell head 自大
swing for the fence 全垒打
T take a dump 大便 take a spin 兜风
take him for a ride/ bump him 杀掉他 take order from 听命于人 take sb in 将某人交给警方处理 take sth in stride 从容处理 take sth lying down 甘心忍受某事
teach your grandmother to suck eggs 班门弄斧头 teacher's pet 老师最爱的学生 that does it 我受够了
the finishing touch 最后修饰 the general effect 总结果 the green years 青春年华 the way-side rose 路边的玫瑰 through a/the wringer 受尽苦难 through and through 完全地 throw in the towel 认输 ticked off 生气
tick-tock 滴答声 tight wad 守财奴 tip-top 最佳的
to be a jelly-fish 做事无头脑 to be all eyes 注视，惊奇的看 to be down at heels 不修边幅 to be eyesore 眼中钉
to be hot-headed 容易发怒
to be as like as two peas 十分近似 to be shabby 脏脏的 to be smart 整洁的
to be well groomed 容光焕发
to bring down the house 博得满堂喝彩 to do/play one's part 尽自己职责 to go smash 破产
to have eyes bigger than the belly 贪婪 to have face as long as a fiddle 拉长脸 to hold one's course 坚定不移 to hold one's tongue 谈话含蓄
to live a fool's paradise 愚人自欺
to make things ship shape 使得一切井井有条 to one's liking 合胃口的
to pitch into anyone 大人或者重罚某人
to see through the rose-colored glasses 太乐观了 to speak for itself 事实之言
to speak in parables 说话装腔作势 to speak one fair 使人信服 to speak volume 中肯之言 toe the line 循规蹈矩 toe-to-toe 竞争 top banana 主管人员 topsy-turvy 颠倒是非
trash sb 严厉批评某人，破坏某物 turn in 睡觉
turn over a new leaf 改过自新 turn the cold shoulder on 冷淡对待 turtle on one's back 自身难保 two-faced 两面派
U uncrown mayor 无冕之王 under the rose 秘密进行 up to this minute 摩登的 ups and downs 盛衰 upstart 爆富
V vanish to thin air 消失的无影无踪 walk on air 高兴地飘飘然
wash it down 吞下，正餐后喝点东西 wash out 洗手不干
what gives 出了什么事
what is cooking 酝酿着
what is in your mind 你心意如何 what the hell 有什么稀奇
what's with you 什么事情让你烦恼
what's her face 她叫什么来着，我忘记了她的名字 when it rains, it pours 事情一发生便接踵而至 whiz/pick-pocket 小偷 whoa 哇 whoopee 哇
win your heart 赢得你的心 within limits 适可而止
Y yanks 美国人
yesman 应声虫
you're all wet 你完全错了
you don't know half of it 你什么都不懂 you rat 鼠辈
第三篇：英语口语资料_美国俚语
美国俚语大全
http://www.xiexiebang.completely wrong · all-nighter · I almost fell asleep during the test after an all-nighter.· MEANING: after studying all night.· ammo · The gun was useless after the killer ran out of ammo.· MEANING: ammunition · antifreeze · I really need some antifreeze in me on cold days like this.· MEANING: liquor · armpit · This town is really an armpit.· MEANING: undesirable place · awesome · What an awesome sunset.· MEANING: great · bad · Wow, that was really a bad movie.· MEANING: intense · barf · He barfed all over the seat of the airplane.· MEANING: vomitted · bashed · The boat was bashed beyond recognition.· MEANING: crushed · beat · After working all day I am really beat.· MEANING: exhausted · beemer · He just bought a new beemer to drive to work in.· MEANING: B.M.W.car · bench · He was benched during the basketball playoffs.· MEANING: taken out of the game · bent · It's OK.Don't get so bent.· MEANING: angry · bent out of shape · Don't get so bent out of shape.· MEANING: become upset · big gun · The president brought two big guns to the meeting.· MEANING: powerful people · big mouth · Shut up!You really have a big mouth.· MEANING: talk too much · big stink · The citizens made a big stink about the new nuclear power station.· MEANING: big issue · blade · He carried a ten inch blade with him.· MEANING: knife · blimp · I always seem to have a blimp sitting next to me when I travel.· MEANING: very fat person · blow · I'm going to blow out of here now.· MEANING: leave · blow · He blew all his money gambling.· MEANING: lost · blow a fuse · Hey, don't blow a fuse.· MEANING: lose your temper.· blow one's cool · Calm down.Don't blow your cool.· MEANING: become angry · blown away · I was blown away by his donation of a million dollars.· MEANING: greatly impressed · bomb · The movie was a bomb.· MEANING: bad · bombed
· The driver of the car was bombed.· MEANING: intoxicated · bonkers · I think I am going bonkers.· MEANING: crazy · boo-boo · If you make another boo-boo like that, you won't have a job.· MEANING: mistake · booze · I promised to bring two bottles of booze to the party.· MEANING: alcohol · bread · I need some bread to pay for my car.· MEANING: money · break · A lucky break helped him get the job.· MEANING: opportunity · break it up · Break it up, or I will call the police.· MEANING: stop · bring-down · The news of the airplane crash was a bring-down.· MEANING: depressing · buck · Do you have a buck I can borrow? · MEANING: dollar · bummed · I was really bummed after I heard the news.· MEANING: depressed · bummer · My trip to New York was a bummer.· MEANING: bad experience · bust · The whole idea was a bust.· MEANING: failure · buy it · If you don't slow down, you're going to buy it in a car accident.· MEANING: die · call · The weatherman made a good call about when the storm would come.· MEANING: prediction · can · Do you know where the can is? · MEANING: bathroom · carb · My motorcycle's carb is out of adjustment.· MEANING: carburetor · catch some rays · I'm going to lie on the beach and catch some rays.· MEANING: get some sunshine.· catch some Z's · I need to catch some Z's before I go on my trip.· MEANING: get some sleep · cheesy · That is really a cheesy looking outfit.· MEANING: cheap · chicken · Don't be a chicken.· MEANING: coward · chintzy · That really was a chintzy present you got him.· MEANING: cheap · chow down · I need to find a place to chow down.· MEANING: eat a lot · clip · Watch out or they will clip you at that bar.· MEANING: cheat · clunker · I can't go on a date in that clunker.· MEANING: old car · cold fish · My date for the dance was a cold fish.· MEANING: dull · collar · I knew they would collar the robber sooner or later.· MEANING: arrest · come up for air · He has to come up for air or he will die from exhaustion.· MEANING: take a break · con · Don't try to con me.· MEANING: deceive · cool · This is a really cool place to work.· MEANING: good · cool down · Things should cool down in a day or two.· MEANING: calm down · cop · How did you get the road sign? I copped it.· MEANING: robbed · cop · The cop showed me his badge.· MEANING: policeman · couch potato · He is a couch potato.· MEANING: lazy person · crack open a bottle · Let's crack open a bottle for his birthday.· MEANING: open · cram · I need more time to cram for the test.· MEANING: study hard · cream · Our team creamed them badly.· MEANING: beat · croak · I feel like I am going to croak.· MEANING: die · cruise · The skier was cruising down the hill · MEANING: going very fast · cuffs · He put the cuffs on the killer.· MEANING: handcuffs · cushy · He has a really cushy job.· MEANING: easy · cut · Could you cut my whiskey with a little water? · MEANING: dilute · cut out · It is late.I have to cut out.· MEANING: leave · damage · Lets get the bill and find out the damage.· MEANING: cost · dead · This disco is really dead tonight.· MEANING: quiet · deck · He was decked in the fight.· MEANING: knocked down · deep pockets · Her boyfriend has deep pockets.· MEANING: is a good source of money · dicey · Since the weather is a little dicey, I won't go today.· MEANING: chancy · dirty · I hear that it's a dirty movie.· MEANING: an obscene · ditch · I'll ditch my younger brother with my grandmother.· MEANING: leave · do a snow job on · Don't try to do a snow job on me.· MEANING: deceive · dope · He is such a dope.· MEANING: stupid person · dope · There are a lot of dope dealers around here.· MEANING: drug · dork · He is such a dork.· MEANING: strange person · dough · I need some dough before I can go Christmas shopping.· MEANING: money · down · Let's go to a bar and down a few beers.· MEANING: drink quickly · drag · Doing homework on the weekend is a drag.· MEANING: boring · dynamite · This drink is really dynamite.· MEANING: powerful;great · earful · My grandmother gave me an earful about the neighborhood.· MEANING: a lot of gossip · easy mark · The Japanese are an easy mark because they usually carry cash.· MEANING: likely victims · eat · The problem is really eating away at me.· MEANING: bothering · excellent · That's excellent man.· MEANING: fine · face-off · The two sides were headed for a nasty face-off.· MEANING: confrontation · far-out · This music is really far-out.· MEANING: great · fix · The addict needs another fix.· MEANING: dose of drugs · flaky · He is too flaky to do the work.· MEANING: unreliable · flashback · At the wedding he had a flashback of his old girlfriend.· MEANING: remembered · flick · I haven't seen a flick in a long time.· MEANING: movie · flip out · He flipped out when he heard that his mother had been killed.· MEANING: lost control · flip side · What kind of music do you have on the flip side of the tape? · MEANING: other side · fox · His older sister is a fox.· MEANING: very attractive · foxy · She is a foxy lady.· MEANING: sexy · freebie · The pillow was a freebie · MEANING: free · get into something · I got into gardening in high school.· MEANING: became seriously interested in · get it · I listened to the joke twice, but I still don't get it.· MEANING: understand · get with it · If you don't get with it, we will never finish this work.· MEANING: hurry up · gig · I have a gig on Saturday night from 7:00 to 10:00.· MEANING: job · glitch · This computer program has a glitch.· MEANING: defect · glitzy · This is a pretty glitzy hotel to be staying in.· MEANING: fashionable · go · Let me have a go at solving the problem.· MEANING: try · go bananas · I am going to go bananas if I don't have a vacation soon.· MEANING: go crazy · go down · What is going down? · MEANING: happening · goof · I am really a goof at times.· MEANING: fool · goof up · I really goofed up when I painted my room green.· MEANING: made a serious mistake · goofy · You are always acting goofy these days.· MEANING: silly · gourd · Use your gourd to figure out what is happening.· MEANING: head · grand · His salary is twenty grand.· MEANING: thousand dollars · grass · Lots of students smoke grass in the dormitory.· MEANING: marijuana · gravy · This job is pure gravy.· MEANING: easy money · groovy · This music is groovy.· MEANING: pleasant · gross · Picking your nose is really a gross habit.· MEANING: disgusting · gross-out · The party was a gross-out.· MEANING: digusting time · grub · Where is the best place to get some grub around here? · MEANING: food · grubby · Those clothes are too grubby to wear to the party.· MEANING: unclean and untidy · grungy · That is a really grungy jacket.· MEANING: dirty · gut · He got shot in the gut.· MEANING: stomach.· gut · The gut issue is about what we are going to do now.· MEANING: basic · guts · It takes a lot of guts to give the boss your true opinion.· MEANING: courage · hairy · That was a hairy plane trip.I am glad the storm is over.· MEANING: dangerous · hammer · Put the hammer to the floor or we will be late for the wedding.· MEANING: accelerator · hang it up · I have decided to hang up my teaching job.· MEANING: quit · hang loose · Just hang loose for another few days.· MEANING: relax · hang tough · We need to hang tough on our decision.· MEANING: stick with · hardware · The police were surprised by all the hardware the gang members had.· MEANING: weapons · have a buzz on · I had a buzz on after the third martini.· MEANING: was slightly intoxicated · have good vibes · I have good vibes about our new secretary.· MEANING: feel good about · have it all together · Recently I don't have it all together.· MEANING: feel mentally all there.· heave · I heaved up on the floor.· MEANING: vomited · high · The teenagers look high to me.· MEANING: intoxicated on drugs or alcohol · hip-shooter · He is such a hip-shooter.· MEANING: always talking without thinking · history · I don't have any idea where my old boyfriend is.He's history.· MEANING: something in the past · hit · Your proposal was a hit with the boss.· MEANING: successful · hole up · I had to hole up for three days because the police were looking for me.· MEANING: hide · honcho · The honcho says that we are going to have to give up two days of our vacation.· MEANING: boss · hooker · Her clothes make her look like a hooker.· MEANING: prostitute · hot · The police stopped them because they though the car was hot.· MEANING: stolen · huffy · I will do it soon so please don't get huffy.· MEANING: angry · hungry · If you are not hungry, you won't get ahead in the business.· MEANING: eager to make money · hustle · If you don't hustle, we will be late again.· MEANING: hurry up · hyped · The fans were all hyped up for the football game.· MEANING: excited · hyper · Don't get hyper about what she told you.You know it isn't true.· MEANING: over excited · I.D.· Can you show me some I.D.please? · MEANING: identification · in · The tie you are wearing is really in.· MEANING: fashionable · in deep · They are really in deep with each other.· MEANING: deeply involved · in the bag · Everything is in the bag.There is nothing to worry about.· MEANING: settled · intense · This is a very intense situation we are discussing.· MEANING: serious · jam · I am glad you got yourself out of that jam.· MEANING: trouble · jerk someone around · Recently it seems like everyone is jerking me around.· MEANING: wasting my time and causing me trouble · jock · My roommate is a jock for the basketball team.· MEANING: an athlete · john · The john really smells.· MEANING: bathroom · joint · Where is the closest joint to here.· MEANING: cheap bar · joint · He is good at rolling joints.· MEANING: marijuana cigarettes · junkie · Sam is a junkie.· MEANING: rug addict · just off the boat · He acts like he is just off the boat.· MEANING: naive · keep one's cool · He kept his cool when his house burned down.· MEANING: remained calm · kegger · I hear there is a kegger at John's house tonight.· MEANING: beer party · kick · I get a kick out of watching him paint.· MEANING: enjoy · klutz · He is a real klutz.· MEANING: stupid and clumsy person · knock · Don't knock it if you can't do it any better.· MEANING: criticize · knocked up · My dog gets knocked up once a year.· MEANING: pregnant · knockout · Who was that knockout I saw you with last Friday? · MEANING: stunning person · knuckle sandwich · Shut up or I'll give you a knuckle sandwich.· MEANING: punch in the mouth · kook · Watch out for all the kooks in this neighborhood.· MEANING: strange people · laid-back · You need to be more laid-back.· MEANING: calm and relaxed · lame · That is really a lame excuse.· MEANING: an inadequate · line · I have heard that line a million times.· MEANING: story · loser · John is a loser.· MEANING: annoying and useless · love handles · I exercise every day, but I can't get rid of these love handles.· MEANING: rolls of fat around my stomach · make waves · Try not to make waves around the office.· MEANING: cause trouble · maxed out · I am maxed out at my work and need to rest.· MEANING: exhausted · mean · He plays a mean violin.· MEANING: performs well on · mega · I have mega amounts of tomatoes in my garden this summer.· MEANING: large · megabucks · He made megabucks when he sold his company.· MEANING: a lot of money · knock · Don't knock it if you can't do it any better.· MEANING: criticize · mellow · You need to mellow out and enjoy life.· MEANING: calm down and relax · meltdown · There has been a meltdown in the relationship between my parents and I.· MEANING: total collapse · mickey mouse · The homework the teacher gave us was mickey mouse.· MEANING: nonsense and a waste of time · move on someone · I am going to try to move on Sarah next Saturday.· MEANING: pick up and seduce · mush · That is total mush and you know it.· MEANING: nonesense · nark · Watch out for the narks in the airport.· MEANING: drug police · neat · That was a neat idea that you had.· MEANING: good · negative · There are too many negatives about the company merger.· MEANING: bad things · nick · The police nicked the shoplifter as he was leaving the store.· MEANING: arrested · nip · He took a nip out of the bottle.· MEANING: a quick drink · no sweat · It's no sweat to have the report in to you by Monday.· MEANING: no problem · nuke · I'll nuke our dinner in a few minutes.· MEANING: heat up in the microwave · nuke · Does that attack plane have any nukes? · MEANING: nuclear weapons · nut · I think that he is a nut.· MEANING: crazy person · nuts · You are completely nuts if you think I will go with you.· MEANING: crazy · pad · Have you found a pad yet? · MEANING: a place to live · pain in the neck · My wife's best friend is a pain in the neck.· MEANING: annoying · paper-pusher · My office is filled with paper-pushers.· MEANING: bureaucratic office workers · party animal · You're too old to be a party animal.· MEANING: love parties · party-hearty · We need to party-hearty because we just got a raise in salary.· MEANING: celebrate · paw · Get your paws off of my body.· MEANING: hands · peanuts · I am not going to work for peanuts.· MEANING: practically no money · pickled · He gets pickled after only one beer.· MEANING: intoxicated · piece of cake · Working on a computer for me is a piece of cake.· MEANING: easy to do · pig · He is a pig at parties.· MEANING: eats too much · pig out · Let's go to the restaurant and pig out.· MEANING: eat a lot or overeat · pit stop · Let's make a pit stop at the next rest area.· MEANING: stop and go to the bathroom · plastered · He drinks too much and is always plastered on the weekend.· MEANING: intoxicated · pooped out · He pooped out after we started to do the hard work.· MEANING: quit · pop · Shut up or I will pop you.· MEANING: hit · pop for something · It is my turn to pop for the doughnuts.· MEANING: buy · pro · He is really a pro at his work.· MEANING: professional · prod · Can you give me a gentle prod next week so I won't forget? · MEANING: reminder · psyched up · The players are really psyched up for the game on Friday.· MEANING: mentally ready · psycho · She is a psycho.She should be in a hospital.· MEANING: mentally ill · puke · I feel like I am going to puke.· MEANING: vomit · push off · I am going to push off now.· MEANING: leave · put the moves on · You should give up trying to put the moves on her.She is married.· MEANING: seduce · put-on · It was an elaborate put-on which I almost believed.· MEANING: deception · quarterback · Who is going to quarterback the meeting? · MEANING: lead · quick buck · I need to make a quick buck.· MEANING: some easy money · rack · I have to hit the rack by ten or I'll be tired in the morning.· MEANING: bed · rack out · I am going to rack out for two hours.· MEANING: sleep · racket · There sure was a lot of racket outside last night.· MEANING: noise · rag · I can't believe we still get this same old rag.· MEANING: newspaper · rap · We need to sit down and rap about a few things.· MEANING: talk about · rathole · When are you going to be able to move out of that rathole.· MEANING: run down place · raw · The raw office workers were not getting much done.· MEANING: new · ream someone out · The boss really reamed him out for his bad report.· MEANING: got angry with him · red hot · Your idea is really red hot.· MEANING: important · repo · Hey, don't repo my car.I will pay next week.· MEANING: repossess · rinky-dink · The circus was really rinky-dink.· MEANING: inferior · riot · The comedy program was a real riot.· MEANING: funny · road hog · That driver is a road hog.· MEANING: takes up too much of the road · rocks · Would you like your whiskey on the rocks? · MEANING: with ice · rough time · We have had a rough time this winter.· MEANING: hard time · rug · Is that a rug on his head? · MEANING: wig · rug rat · My sister has three rug rats.· MEANING: children · rule · My wife rules the house.· MEANING: dominates · run off at the mouth · He is always running off at the mouth.· MEANING: talking too much · run out of gas · The politician ran out of gas during the campaign.· MEANING: lost interest or momentum · sack · When did you hit the sack last night? · MEANING: go to bed · scam · Don't lose your money in some kind of scam.· MEANING: swindle · scarf · Since he hadn't eaten in a week, he scarfed down everything on his plate.· MEANING: ate quickly · schmuck · What a stupid schmuck.· MEANING: jerk · screw around · If you screw around all day at this work, you will have to come back again.· MEANING: waste time · screw up · If you screw up one more time, I will fire you.· MEANING: make a mistake · sharp · He is very sharp with numbers · MEANING: intelligent · shot · I'll give the puzzle another shot.· MEANING: try · shot down · Everyone shot down my idea at first, but later agreed that it was a good idea.· MEANING: · disagreed with · slammer · The police threw them both in the slammer.· MEANING: jail · smashed · Try not to get smashed at the beer party.· MEANING: intoxicated · smoke eater · My father is a smoke eater.· MEANING: fireman · split · It is time to split and go see the movie.· MEANING: leave · spook · The cows were spooked by the howling of the wolves.· MEANING: frightened · spud · Do you want rice or spuds for dinner? · MEANING: potatoes · square · My father looks square in his jacket.· MEANING: old-fashioned · steamed up · Don't get so steamed up over the issue.· MEANING: angry · stink · This whole operation stinks.· MEANING: is repulsive · straight · I want you to give me a straight answer.· MEANING: honest · stressed · I am really stressed by all the recent world events.· MEANING: upset · sucker · Don't be a sucker.· MEANING: be deceived · take a hike · I am tired of all your complaining.Take a hike.· MEANING: · leave · taken · He was taken for all his money at the casino.· MEANING: · cheated out of · taking care of business · I have been taking care of business.· MEANING: doing what I have to do · threads · Those look like expensive threads he is wearing.· MEANING: clothes · tool around · I don't want to tool around all night.It is time to go home.· MEANING: drive around · totaled · My car was totaled in the accident with the garbage truck.· MEANING: completely wrecked · up · He has been up ever since he met his new girlfriend.· MEANING: happy and cheerful · up for grabs · This is a sale.Everything is up for grabs.· MEANING: available.· veg out · I want to veg out in front of the television this evening.· MEANING: relax and do nothing · vibes · He really gives off good vibes.· MEANING: feelings · wad · You don't want to carry a wad like that with you in the big city.· MEANING: bundle of money · waste · After you waste him, throw the body in the river.· MEANING: kill · wheels · If you let me borrow your wheels, I'll go out and buy a pizza.· MEANING: car · whiz · He is a whiz at the computer.· MEANING: talented person · wired · I am really wired after drinking five cups of coffee.· MEANING: alert · wussy · Don't be such a wussy all the time.Say what you are thinking.· MEANING: weak person · yukky · This food tastes yukky · MEANING: bad · zapped · I am too zapped to help you right now.· MEANING: exhausted · zip · He knew zip about running the company.· MEANING: Nothing
第四篇：家谱起源与发展
家谱，早期名为谱牒。亦称族谱、宗谱、家乘、通谱、统谱、世谱、支谱、房谱等等，名称各异，其内涵是同一的，只是外延有所区别而已，现在一般统称家谱或族谱。
家谱是系统记述某一同宗共祖的血缘集团世系人物或兼及其他方面情况的历史图籍。而姓氏是“某一同宗共祖血缘集团”的标识符号，家谱就是记录某一姓氏家族成员间血缘关系的图册。
宗法式家族是一种血缘组织，内部的血缘关系必须十分清楚，这种组织才能维系和发展。即使旧的家族裂变成许多新家族后，以及新家族再裂变之后，各家族之间的血缘关系也必须十分清楚。
家谱源于何时？大概可以上溯到先秦时期。司马迁说的《谱牒》、《牒记》，都是周以后的东西。周代的《世本》，曾对司马迁创作纪传体通史有过参考作用，学术界公认为中国家谱的开山之祖。战国时代的《春秋公子血脉谱》，开启我国家族史籍以“谱”为名之先河。
一、家谱在族人心中的地位
在中华民族的历史上，最受国人关注，影响人最多、影响时间最长、影响面最广的书籍大概非家谱莫属了。从遥远的古代到21世纪的今天，无论是帝王诸侯还是平民百姓，无论是饱读诗书的文人雅士还是目不识丁的乡野农夫，无论是浪迹天涯的海外游子还是世居乡间连县城都未曾履迹的山民，家谱都是他们心中无法释怀的牵挂。多少次，仓皇辞庙日、背井离乡土的人们抛却了万贯家财，却怀揣着家谱不忍舍弃；多少次，肩负着父祖的乡愁夙愿，天涯浪子回到故土，寻寻觅觅，访求自己的根之所载-----家谱。家谱究竟有什么魅力，能够让古往今来的仁人志士对其视若珍宝？这是因为，“一个中国人，不管他在什么地方，不管他漂泊多远，编入宗谱，列入门墙，祭先祭祖，托庇于列祖列宗的福荫之下，总是他最大的心愿。这种生生不息的寻根意识，使这个民族具有强大的凝聚力、同化力以及认同感。”
二、修编家谱的目的
1、寻根、留本。古人云：“谱谍身之本也。”意思是谱能告诉你，你是谁?你从哪来？人们常说：“我们都是炎黄子孙。”但你并不知道其中的由来，通过修谱追根溯源，你就会知道了你从哪里来。人从娘腹中十月怀胎，呱呱坠地，在世上几十年，但总要静静地离开人世。“雁过留声，人过留名。”这个“名”就是人之本，若干年之后自己的子孙连祖先是谁都不知道，你的子孙也就是失去了根本。而几千年“谱书之风，代代相传”，从远古至历朝历代，乃至到今天，先祖的名字流传至今，这不是修谱的作用吗?
2、清源、备查。古人云：“子孙不知姓氏所从来，以昧昭穆之序者，禽兽不如也。”意思是说，姓氏是一种血缘关系的标志，人兽之别，就在于他们对于有血缘关系的本族人，有一种生生相息的寻源意识，使这个大家庭有强大的凝聚力和生命力。我安徽舒城怀德堂汪氏一支，从上次1924年重修到现在已有90多年没有续修了，有很多怀德堂后裔都不知其先祖，更有不少族人家谱中均无记载。所以“家谱续修，意义重大，把你的祖辈、父辈和你一同记载下来，让你的后人代代相传”。
3、教化、育人。儒家思想认为：“养不教，父之过。”新中国建立后，由于种种原因导致很多人对自己子女缺乏家族观念的教育。很多人没有家庭观念和为人之伦理的教导。如果君不行政，臣不司职，父不父，子不子，上下不分，孝义全无，有
家谱起源与发展 老不养，有子不教，中华文化将如何发扬光大？家谱是很好的教材，引导后代族人当如何立志?如何敬业?如何治学?如何治家?如何做人等等，有很多东西在学校里学不到的。家谱能很好的陶冶我们的情操，鼓舞我们热爱生活，奋发向上，为国贡献，为族争光。
4、承前、启后。这里有双重含义，一是上对先祖，二是下对后人。先祖千辛万苦创业、育人，为社会创下了丰功伟绩，不能从我们这一代丢掉，必须通过修谱，为他们立传，把他们的精神，一代一代的传下去，作为永久的纪念，这是我们这一代人的历史使命。
对后人来说，我们应该给他们留点什么?是金钱?房屋?古人云：“书中自有黄金屋，书中自有颜如玉。”先人只能留给后人文化，精神财富，思想财富，留给他们祖宗的品德，儿孙们才能健康发展。这些都溶聚在我们的谱书之中，只有把这些留给他们，才能上对得起祖宗，下对得起后人。
综上所述，修谱何用?简单回答就是：寻根留本，清源备查，教化育人，承前启后。
三、历史上各阶段家谱的功能
在中国传统社会里家谱是血缘习俗中的一个重要角色。家谱就是血脉的谱系。家谱在历史的不同阶段，其功能和作用是不同的，随着历史上的政治、思想观念的演变而不断变化，家谱的功能和作用大体上可分为五个历史阶段。
1、第一个阶段是从有文字记载的“甲骨铭记、鼎彝铸文”时期。我们称之为先秦以远，主要表现为夏、商、周三代的帝系世本，其功能是“详世系、溯源流”。由于帝王的王位世袭、嫡子继承；宗法制下的诸侯、卿大夫等所遵循的世袭递衍的分封制，谱牒作为以血缘为基础的载录，为传袭提供了可靠的依据。
2、第二个阶段是“九品门第，谱局籍库”时期。秦汉以来，建立了中央集权统治。氏族的宗法组织被官僚制度所取代，所以，谱牒除了帝系承袭外，遂又成了官僚阶层必备的籍录。尤其是东汉以后的魏晋南北朝时期，那时专设史官，是为官修谱。这一阶段，谱牒的功能有：
一、用于遴选士官。“选人咸登资簿，厘其流品”。官员的选举必先稽查谱牒，知其祖况身世。以“别贵贱，分士庶，不可易也，于时有司，选举必稽谱牒，而考其真伪，故官有世胄，谱有世官”。这就意味着，举官必查谱，有谱才有可能入选。于是家谱就成了官僚阶层一种特殊的文凭。
二、作为婚嫁时，门第选择的备查资料。凡世族中的新贵旧士，为了门第的光彩荣耀，讲究对等，门第相当。
三、便于人际交往，熟悉彼此身世家史、名讳、职阶，以达到相应的对等交往。综上可以看出，官修谱时期的谱牒，其作用是承传备查，为上层社会服务的。
3、第三个阶段是“追述本系，秉承先哲”时期。到了隋唐，废除了九品中正制度，开始以才选人，推行科举新制，在政治上限制了门阀士族势力的发展，为庶族地主打开了晋仕之门。旧有的士族大姓，部分地沦为“贫贱”，隋唐王朝的任官，不再以家谱为依据。家谱为门阀居官的作用渐趋下降。但是，旧的“士族门阀观念”积重难返，仍旧“纪其先烈，贻阙后来”，而“荜门寒族，百代无闻，一朝暴贵，无不追述本系，秉承先哲”。从此，私纂家谱逐渐兴盛起来。所以说，唐代是我国谱学史上承先启后的交错转折时期。
4、第四个阶段是“私家修谱，卷帙浩繁”时期。自宋代以来直到清代时期。谱牒的功能缘于时代的政治变革而发生了巨大变化，它失去了原有的大部分功能。“取士不问家世，婚姻不问阀阅„以至于到了其子不传的地步”。官修谱止，而私修谱兴。以宋代欧阳修、苏洵为代表，这时有再造谱牒盛况之举。谱牒的功能转变为：第一、“辨昭穆、别亲疏”。把谱牒的意义定为“谱牒之作，以述往事，示将来，俾子孙知祖之所自始，且知一本万殊之义”；第二、作族谱，以敦祖睦族。“有族者皆睦，则天下孰与不善；不善者不得肆”。“有人伦然后有风俗，有风俗然后有政事，有政事然后有国家”。由爱族而爱国，由各族团结而全国团结。尊敬先祖是族人的优秀品德，和睦族人是团结安定的社会基础；第三、“以忠事君，以孝事亲，以廉为吏，以学立身”。借助谱牒这一形式，规范族人的行为准则；第四、谱牒中的家规、宗戒用于约束族人的不轨行为。
从谱牒纂修的发展过程看，由官修到私修；由上层社会进入到各个阶层社会；由少数人拥有，扩大到民众所有。因此，谱牒就有了服务、规约、表彰和监督全体族人的社会性作用。
5、第五阶段就是当今社会。家谱在发展和延续的过程中，由于时代的变迁，它的功能也有所不同。作为现代社会的家族，尤其是广大农村，由于各个村落仍与姓氏和家族有着紧密的联系，因而仍然存在着较强的族群观念。续修家谱仍然是一个不可忘却和忽略的大事。那么，现代修谱还具有那些功能呢？除了详世系、溯源流之外，一般认为至少还有以下几点：第一、联亲疏。将松散的家族关系，以谱牒的方式，连成一个血缘关系的统一体，明确本族人之间的亲疏辈分关系；第二、把“永久崇拜共同的先祖”作为自己的义务和责任，含有尊祖敬宗的伦理意义，并以先祖为本，敦宗亲之谊；第三、为后嗣续昭穆。及时不断地反映本族人丁的繁衍、生存发展状况；第四、为迁居移民，有史为证等一系列的现实作用。
四、现代修谱的价值
一部优秀的家谱，记载着一个家族的发源，生息、繁衍的无止无终过程，可以说是一部与时间并存的生命史，活在谱中的一代代子孙，作为一个文化载体，无不反映出他所处的时代种种特征。透过家谱，可以看出它包含有如下几种价值：
1、对宗族史和家庭史方面的价值。“家之谱，尤国之史也”。宗谱最直接的反映是该宗族及其成员的历史。通过对谱牒记载的宗族结构、宗祠组织和祭祀活动、宗族规约和家范、族产和收支用途、宗族的文化教育和训导思想、婚约的习俗和礼仪、宗族与政府关系等方面的研究，可以最完整最真实地了解社会基层民众的生活面貌，而所有这些研究的内容，谱牒的价值是显而易见的。
2、对人口统计的价值。谱牒的记载除了世源、宗族规约、礼仪等之外，其最主要的就是人丁和世系，也是记载非常慎重和详细的部分，从中可以分析研究当时的人口统计、人口增长率、人口寿命、年龄结构、从业状况、文化程度、居住与迁徙等，通过这些研究可以了解其生存环境和质量，从而反映人们的生活进程和进步。
3、对历史人物考察的价值。在历史上有过某些重大影响和作用的人物，这些人在正史、地方志和文集里往往不一定有完整的记载，而谱牒的传记、履历、世系，对一些历史人物及其家世常常可以提供更为详实的资料，以起到“补史不足”的作用。关于谱牒的这一作用，早在一千八百多年前，就被古人所用，例如司马迁作《史记》，在自序中言道：“维三代尚矣，年纪不可考，盖取之谱牒旧闻”。
4、对基层社会研究的价值。基层社会家业的兴衰，是宗谱传记中常见的内容。广大群众是历史的主人，他们的日常生活，生产劳动，喜怒哀乐，风俗习惯，是历史研究所不能忽视的对象。特别宋代以后，民间的修编家谱越来越多，这种性质决定它必然包含大量的广大群众的历史资料。而谱牒的简历是以每一个族内男性成员为主的，这些普通群众的传记素材，向史学家提供了基层社会活动的史料。而这些史料，又是正史以外难以得到的原始资料。
5、对妇女史研究的价值。女子的家庭生活及其在家庭、宗族中的地位，谱牒有一定分量的记载。主要表现在族权、夫权下的行为规范和准则。在宗谱的世系部分，虽然以男性的记述为主体，但也涉及妇女的诸多问题。全面探索妇女史，向谱牒索讨资料，是一条有效的途径。
6、对地方史志的帮助。我国宗族史的特点是族望与地望的紧密结合。记载宗族史的谱牒，也必然反映宗族与地域的关系，既然有宗族与地方的记录，则宗族世代的生存活动就是地方史的一部分。自古以来编写地方志，就利用该地方谱牒史料。现在谱牒研究者论述其研究对象的学术价值时，大都指出它可以弥补地方志资料的功用。谱牒对地方史志研究和今日编写地方史志起着提供素材的作用，因此，族谱资料对地方史志研究有着重要价值。
通过以上对谱牒的评价，可以看出：第一、真实可靠的谱牒，无疑是人类自己发展与繁衍的家族档案，是社会科学和自然科学研究的对象；第二、记录过去和现在，并以此延续，是人类文明的特征和表现，是中华传统美德的延续；第三、人类经过千百万年的进化，只是在文字发明后的几千年，才有短暂的历史记载，包括谱牒记录。这种记录无论存在什么问题，从人类学这个角度看，它反映的是人类存在的各种社会关系，是人类自身进步的表现。因此，家谱是祖国文化宝库的一部分，它蕴藏着大量有关人类学、社会学、民族学、民俗学、家庭制度、人物传记以及地方史志的资料，时至今日，它不但具有深远的历史意义，而且具有存在和延续的现实意义。
五、家谱概念及辈分用字
什么叫“谱牒”？“谱牒”是以专门记载和记述本宗族的发源、人物、生平简历、本族规约，并按一定规则系统地表述递衍世系的书。
什么叫“宗谱”？宗，本义为祖庙。至于宗谱，则应该是同祖之完全谱牒。如缺一支，或只记一支，均不能称为宗谱。
什么叫“族谱”？古释：“族者，属也。”这个“属”，就是这个宗下特定的族众，宗之下有因分衍或迁徙等形成一个族体，所以冠用“族谱”。族谱不是一个完全的谱系，它只记述了这个宗族部分后裔。
什么叫“支谱”？意属为同祖之下分衍的众多后裔，而后又各有其世系支派。所谓支谱，就非常明确它的谱牒定位，即局限在该祖之下的一个独立分支。
什么是辈分用字？辈份用字，是用以记录家族成员代次的排行字语。其方法是用若干个被选定的汉字固定排列，它的作用是为确定本族人的世系代次。制定的原则蕴含着对宗族的希望。顺便指出，辈分产生于宋代。如我们这次为惠州滩子尾汪氏拟定的字辈为：“守柏理可显、存仁德远长；兴家成伟业、治国自荣昌；尚礼应裕良、忠义智则康；济世宗茂盛、祥和安顺强”。
六、传统家谱的内容结构
一部完整的谱牒，仅仅表现在家族世系这一个方面内容是不完全的。那么，一部完整的谱牒，除了宗支世系之外，还应具备哪些内容呢？对于传统家谱而言，它大体上说应该至少包含有如下项目：
1、谱名；
2、谱序；
3、修谱名目及职名；
4、领谱字号；
5、修谱凡例；
6、字辈（辈分用字）；
7、目录；
8、先祖故里；
9、宗祠祖庙；
10、先祖坟茔；
11、先祖像、赞；
12、恩荣录；
13、姓氏源流；
14、世系录、15、人物传记；
16、祖训家戒；
17、大事记；18捐赞名目等。下面简单解释这些项目的概念及作用。
谱名。谱名是该谱牒的主题。应有姓氏、地域的准确定位，并且要明确该谱是（宗谱、族谱、支谱）的类别。
谱序。谱序有时简称“序”。谱序是属于散文范畴的纪实文体。谱序是必不可少的内容。主要记述修谱的意义，修谱缘起，修谱目的，家族的历史渊源及迁徙经历等内容。并对本族的历史作出评价、考证、定论等。谱序的撰写人，大多为族中名人，赋闲官员、文学名士等。另外，也有他姓之社会名流作赞颂或评价性赠序的。
修谱名目及修谱职名。修谱名目，按现在的称谓，即为本届家谱修编工作委员会，以及下设的家谱编修委员会各级等名目。职别明确，各司其职。
修谱职名，即为本届各个名目下的具体修谱人的名字。
领谱字号。古代的家谱只允许在家族内部收藏，严谨随便外传。为了确保族人能够悉心收藏，不遗失、不外传，家谱修成后，每部家谱都编定一个特定的号码，各房领谱人按号码领取家谱，称为领谱字号。领谱字号就是家谱的编号，与此相对应，家谱上还记载着印谱总数，分发各房谱数以及领谱人姓名等内容。由于领谱字号具有唯一性，一旦出现外传或损坏，就能清楚地找到责任人；领谱字号也能有效地防止外族的人伪造家谱，冒认宗亲。
修谱凡例。凡例，又称谱例、例言、修谱章程、修谱条约等。主要阐明家谱的体例、修谱原则、记叙方法等（如收录范围、各类可入谱与可不入谱人物的标准，各种著录结构特点，谱中各类目的设立缘由等）。凡例少则数条，多则数十条，是修谱时必须遵循的原则。
辈份用字。辈份用字，又称派语、班次、班行等。是用以记录家族成员代次、世次的排行字语。其方法是用若干个被选定的汉字固定排列，它的作用是为确定本族人的世系位次辈分而制定的一种方法和原则。有了字辈，每个人在族中所处的世系位置就确定了。字辈的制定和使用，对族人的辈分定位以及族内人际关系与交往等，具有重要的作用。
目录。顾名思义是指谱书中所载内容的各类、各项题目，依次顺序汇录于此。提纲挈领地揭示主要内容及顺序，同时也备分类寻检查阅。
始祖故里图。先祖的后裔，特别是迁徙寓居他乡的后裔，均把先祖出生地称之为故里。在谱牒中绘制祖居地域故里图，相当重要，它给后人留下木有本、水有源的踏实感。
宗祠祖庙图。宗祠祖庙是朝拜祖先，举行宗族重要仪式之所。宗祠祖庙，是族人们的精神圣地。因此是家谱中重要组成部分，在家谱中居重要位置。
先祖坟茔图。根据尊祖、敬宗、收族的宗旨需要，先祖坟茔在谱牒中居重要位置。在支谱中除始祖坟茔外，还记载有本支支祖坟茔。坟茔的记载，是永祀“先祖之所栖”、“报本追源”。当然更有始迁考据的作用。
先祖像、赞。家谱中载有家族先祖的画像，并配有押韵的赞词。以此提高族人凝聚力。主要是为了让后世子孙了解先祖的功绩，培养后世子孙对先贤的崇敬之情，同时也有光耀家族门望的目的。
恩荣录。恩荣录是指历代朝廷皇帝批准给予的赏赐、赠与、表彰、荣任、加爵等。谱中所载的恩荣录，即是本族的文官武将、贤达处士、烈女节妇等受到过这种恩泽的记录。恩荣录的记载，既能显示本族的荣耀光彩，同时也能激发子孙修身立志、成就事业。
姓氏源流。姓氏源流是指从始至终连贯地表述本族自始祖起依次下衍的人物世系，重点人物的世职业绩；重大事件和迁徙定居、分支的起点人物。因此，世源就是当代族人共同先祖的源流总述。我汪氏家谱以姬汪为始祖，姬汪先系称为世源，因它有得姓之源，也叫姓源。
世系录。世系录有称为齿录。它是家谱的主体，它所担负的作用：是记载从一世祖开始，直至纂修该谱时，历代家族成员的名字、生卒年月、职官科第、妻室子女、葬地坟茔等诸多内容；是谒祖寻根的主要线索；是区别地方史志的主要依据。
人物传记。与世系录有点相似，不同的是世系录本家族每成员都有，而传记类则是家族中有功名贤能、特殊事迹、丰功伟业，名可行世之人，方可入传。
祖训家戒。祖训家戒是家族制定的约束和教化族人的规章和希望。大约可分为两类，一类是强制性的法规，主要是要告诫族人绝对不可逾越；另一类则是诱导性的说教，其内容大体上立足于忠、孝、仁、义、礼、耕、读等，以此告诫族人达到“祖宗之德传家久，家风之规继世垂”的目的。
汪氏始于“周礼尽在鲁矣”之鲁国，后为中国三大地方显学之一徽文化的奠基人和引领者，继承并发扬儒家文化思想，其地位随历史的发展越显重要。千百年来在我族世代繁衍生息的同时，也传承着列祖列宗儒家思想的伦理教化。
大事记。宗族的大事记除在谱序中表述之外，有的专编大事记。所涉及和记载的内容主要有：始祖业绩要事；迁徙定居；宗祠营造；德行善事；恩荣诰封；兵荒遭遇；盛衰变故；名人荣枯等等。其中所事应直书事实原委，因大事记是为后人或从事谱牒研究的学者提供鲜为人知的史料，这一部分是极有价值的。
捐输名目。捐输名目是本届修谱时，除规定派收丁名费以外的另一种捐赠集资的人名记录。所谓捐输，即捐献、捐赠的意思。捐输大多出于两种情况：一是本届收入名丁费不足以支付修谱的总费，劝告本族仕官、名人、殷实大户捐资助修；二是有些人是要为本族做贡献，主动赞资。这些捐赞了的人士，刊载在谱，也是一种荣誉，可为后人提供示范鼓舞作用。
除了以上所列的要素外，还有不同情况出现。譬如家谱中还列出诸如：世系图；杂记；后记等等内容，这里不一一介绍了。
七、当今修谱概述
新中国建立之后，尤其是改革开放以来，生活逐渐稳定富裕起来。续修家谱观念在复苏。寻根问祖、兴修家谱风起云涌的同时，在谱牒内容结构等方面也应更新变化。在传统家谱基础上，去其封建糟粕、取其传统精华，重优秀文化传承，要与时俱进，要突出时代烙印，并且要加大家谱所载信息量。
1、谱牒结构内容上要发生变化。在弘扬汪氏优秀传统文化前提下，要与时俱进，薄古厚今。所修家谱，则更重视历史、传承、迁徙等内容的考证和现状的描述。
2、修谱名目与职名要发生变化。首先是组织架构，家谱纂修要体现新的特征，就是各级宗亲会介入修谱。第二是修谱人，应由知识渊博的人、热心公益事业无私奉献的人、以及有较高威望的人担任。
3、经费来源发生变化。过去修谱，经费来自于祠堂公产、家族公摊、字数或领谱数目分摊、自愿捐献四个方面。如今，祠堂公产基本不存在，其经费来源主要是捐资赞助、族人入谱名丁费、企业家投资等渠道。
4、修谱指导思想发生变化。过去修谱，是以封建宗法观念为指导。现在修谱，一般以平等思想为指导，提倡现代人伦的思想文化取向，发扬先祖优秀传统精神，赋予新的文化内涵，其具体体现于：男女入谱权利平等、大宗小宗一律平等。
5、谱书版式和装帧也要发生变化。就纸型载体而言，过去是木板雕刻制版印刷。当今排版技术早已革命为电脑版式。其形式可分为精装、简装；在文字方面，可分为繁体字和简体字，以满足海外人士和大陆不同层面人们的需求。除此之外，还有光盘版、网络版等等。将其家谱信息多元化，以方便族人寻根查阅。
6、谱书的形式也要变化。具体表现在故里的山川地貌等方面，采用航拍技术加以展示。祖先画像，应在家族优秀画家中去征集家族认可的、充分体现出祖先的浩然正气、睿智谦和、具有现代感的画像。
7、世系录信息载量也要变化。譬如：除了描述世系外，其族人的生年、卒年；职务职称；出生地及现住址等均要载列其中，为后续子孙续修家谱时提供方便。
通过家谱纂修，让族众及其后人在了解家族系脉的基础上，更多地了解家族每一代的历史、了解列祖列宗的事迹，了解宗范家风、了解一个宗族的优良传统等，将家族世系中的血脉传承与优秀传统文化的传统有机结合起来，岂不更有价值？这是由于，家庭是社会的细胞，无论是过去，还是现在，家庭始终社会的最基层的单元，只有家庭和谐、文明、稳定、兴旺了，社会的文明进步、发展繁荣才有深厚的基础。在当今社会形势下修谱，不只是能达到弘扬民族悠久历史文化的目的，而且对于参加撰修家谱的成员来说，通过参与编修自己家族历史的活动，也能促进其更加热爱家庭、热爱家乡，从而更加热爱祖国。
（作者：汪俊）
第五篇：跆拳道起源与发展
跆拳道的起源与发展
在原始社会生产力极为低下的社会条件下，远古时代的朝鲜人民为了从自然界获取食物和防止野兽侵袭，必须同野兽搏斗，这就产生了搏斗的各种方法。随着社会的发展，不断变化的生活环境和不同种族之间的斗争，要求人们要有强健的体魄和掌握一定的搏斗技能，这样才能保障生活的安定，这就促使了跆拳道雏形的形成。经过漫长的岁月，人们本能的强健体魄和自卫而产生的搏击逐渐演化为有意识的技击活动，从而产生了朝鲜民族特有的运动形式——跆拳道。这种形式的产生可以追溯到朝鲜的古代历史。
大约公元前一世纪，朝鲜最古老的三个国家先后兴起，新罗国、高丽国和百济国。三国互相连年征战不断。三国都把跆拳道作为一项强身健体、保卫国家的搏击武艺来进行严格的训练。从高丽国国都丸都古墓中的舞俑冢和三室冢的玄室壁画上可以看到两人相互角斗的场面，而在三室冢玄室的顶壁上则绘有两名身强体壮的男子用跆拳道技术进行格斗的姿势。类似的壁画还有很多，这都说明跆拳道在当时已经相当盛行。
在百济国，由于当时自己国家的兵力较弱，因此全国上下都以强身健体，保卫国家为头等大事，当时在国内广泛推行马术，跆拳道和射箭等武艺。公元688年，新罗王国统一了朝鲜，经济繁荣，百业兴旺，建立了一种“花郎制度”。到真兴王时，便创立了“花郎道”。花郎道是花郎制度的组织形式，即将年轻人组织到一起进行武艺锻炼。其宗旨是“事君以忠，事亲以孝，事友以信，临阵无退，杀身有择”。以此磨炼人的意志、锻炼人的体魄，培养造就了一批又一批忠君事孝、英勇顽强、无所畏惧的战士。在一本描写新罗风俗习惯的书《帝王韵记》中，记载着跆拳道活动。据朝鲜史书记载，新罗人习武方式为：两人对面直体站立，互相用脚踢对方的身体。当时分为三个练习阶段，初学者用脚踢对方下段（腿部），技术稍熟练则可用脚去踢对方中段（胸部），技术高超者可用脚踢对方上段（头部）。后来新罗国在我国唐朝统治者的协助下统一了朝鲜，在公元918年建立了高丽国。士兵们的战斗力来自平日的训练和对跆拳道的喜爱。他们平时常常用拳掌击打墙壁或木块，以磨炼手部的攻击能力。十分喜爱徒手搏斗的忠惠王曾专门邀请臂力过人、武功超众的士兵金振都（亦有称金扼郁的）到宫廷表演手搏技艺，使跆拳道声望大震，并日渐被广大民众所接受。
1392年，高丽王朝被李朝取代，武功及跆拳道没有得到足够的重视，但在民间，这一活动却始终没有停止。1790年汇编成书的《武艺图谱通志》中收录了“手搏”、“跆跟”等武艺的技术与方法，以及动作图解和一些器械的使用方法，并将很多技击性很强的武术技艺融会到跆拳道的技法之中。跆拳道这一武艺被很好的保留与发展下来。
1910年日本侵占朝鲜后，建立起殖民政府，一度下令禁止所有的文化活动，跆拳道自然在劫难逃，在朝鲜境内销声匿迹。一些不甘寂寞或被生活逼迫的人远离国土，到中国或日本谋生，同时把跆拳道延续下来。更为重要的是将其与中国武术和日本武道交融与结合，孕育了新的技术体系。第二次世界大战后，自卫术再度兴起，从异国他乡回归故土的朝鲜人也将各国的武道技艺带回本国，逐渐与跆拳道融为一体，形成了现在的跆拳道体系。1955年正式称朝鲜的自卫术为“跆拳道”。
1961年9月韩国成立了唐手道协会，后更名为跆拳道协会，并成为全国运动会正式竞赛项目。
1966年第一个国际组织——国际跆拳道联盟成立。1973年5月在汉城成立了世界跆拳道联合会（简称世界跆联）。1975年世界跆联被国际体育联合会接纳为正式会员。
1980年国际奥委会正式承认世界跆拳道联盟。迄今为止，世界跆联已有144个会员国，6500多万爱好者参加跆拳道训练。
1986年跆拳道创始人崔泓熙先生率领的韩国跆拳道代表团来我国作访问表演。并于本年，该项运动被列为第10届亚运会的比赛项目。
1987年 跆拳道被列入泛美运动会、全非运动会以及东亚运动会的正式比赛项目。
1988年 24届奥运会在韩国首尔拉开帷幕，主办国经不懈努力，使跆拳道被列为24届、25届和26届奥运会的表演项目。为跆拳道的迅速发展提供了最大的机会与动力。
1994年 在法国巴黎召开的国际奥委会第 103届会议决议，跆拳道项目列入2000年奥运会正式比赛项目。同样，跆拳道也是世界大学生运动会、友好运动会、东南亚运动会、南美运动会、南太平洋运动会、世界军人运动会等一系列国际体育赛会的正式比赛项目。为了适应国际重大比赛，跆拳道的技术在不断地变革和发展。世界跆拳道联盟的总部中有一特别技术委员会，其主要任务就是改进现今的跆拳道技术。当然，今日的跆拳道动作似乎不像以前那样圆滑流畅，也不似以前那样重视运动中身体的平衡。然而对当今跆拳道技术的检验并不在它的外观，而是在于实战之中。具体地说，就是在实战对抗中或在大街上遭受袭击被迫自卫的情形下，新型跆拳道的技术无疑要比拘于形式的老技术更胜一筹。
时代是不断变化的，随着它的变化，跆拳道也将不断地发展延伸下去。
五、我国跆拳道运动的发展
1992年10月7日，中国跆拳道筹备小组成立，这标志着我国跆拳道运动的正式开始。1994年5月，在河北省定举行了首届全国跆拳道教练员和裁判员学习班。1994年9月，在云南昆明举行了第一届全国跆拳道比赛，当时共有15个单位150多名运动员参加了比赛。
1995年5月，共有22个单位250多名运动员参加了在北京体育大学举行的第一届全国跆拳道锦标赛，从此，跆拳道运动在中国迅速发展起来。
1999年6月7日，在加拿大埃特蒙多举行的世界跆拳道锦标赛上，我国女运动员王朔战胜多名世界强手，获得女子55公斤级冠军，这是我国运动员获得的第一个跆拳道世界冠军。我国跆拳道奥运冠军
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