2012年温家宝总理政府工作报告全文(双语对照)[大全5篇]

第一篇：2012年温家宝总理政府工作报告全文(双语对照)

第十一届全国人民代表大会第五次会议在人民大会堂开幕，听取国务院总理温家宝作政府工作报告，审查年度计划报告和预算报告。以下为十一届全国人大五次会议开幕会及政府工作报告全文：

各位代表：现在，我代表国务院，向大会报告政府工作，请各位代表审议，并请全国政协委员提出意见。

Fellow Deputies, on behalf of the State Council, I now present to you my report on the work of the government for your deliberation and approval and for comments and suggestions from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC).一、2011年工作回顾

I.Review of Work in 2011

过去的一年，面对复杂多变的国际政治经济环境和艰巨繁重的国内改革发展任务，全国各族人民在中国共产党领导下，同心同德，团结奋进，改革开放和社会主义现代化建设取得新的重大成就。

Last year, China faced a complex and volatile political and economic environment abroad and arduous and challenging reform and development tasks at home.Working hard with one heart and one mind under the leadership of the Communist Party of China(CPC), the Chinese people of all ethnic groups made significant achievements in reform, opening up, and socialist modernization.国内生产总值47.2万亿元，比上年增长9.2%；公共财政收入10.37万亿元，增长24.8%；粮食产量1.14万亿斤，再创历史新高；城镇新增就业1221万人，城镇居民人均可支配收入和农村居民人均纯收入实际增长8.4%和11.4%。我们巩固和扩大了应对国际金融危机冲击成果，实现了“十二五”时期良好开局。

China's GDP reached 47.2 trillion yuan, an increase of 9.2% over the previous year;government revenue was 10.37 trillion yuan, an increase of 24.8%;and the country's grain output reached a record high of 571.21 million tons.A total of 12.21 million new urban jobs were created.The per capita disposable income of urban residents and the per capita net income of rural residents rose in real terms by 8.4% and 11.4%, respectively.We consolidated and built upon our achievements in responding to the global financial crisis, and got the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period off to a good start.一年来，我们主要做了以下工作：

We accomplished the following in our work last year.(一)加强和改善宏观调控，遏制物价过快上涨，实现经济平稳较快发展。

1.Strengthening and improving macro-control, preventing fast price rises, and achieving steady and robust economic development

我们实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策，坚持正确处理保持经济平稳较快发展、调整经济结构和管理通胀预期的关系，更加注重把握好政策实施的重点、力度和节奏，努力做到调控审慎灵活、适时适度，不断提高政策的针对性、灵活性和前瞻性。We followed a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy, and maintained a balance between ensuring steady and robust economic development, adjusting the economic structure, and managing inflation expectations.We paid greater attention to implementing policies with the proper focus, force, and pace;conducted prudent and flexible macro-control on a moderate scale and in a timely fashion;and constantly made our policies more targeted, flexible, and forward-looking.在全球通胀预期不断增强，国际市场大宗商品价格高位波动，国内要素成本明显上升，部分农产品供给偏紧的严峻形势下，我们把稳定物价总水平作为宏观调控的首要任务，坚持综合施策，合理运用货币政策工具，调节货币信贷增速，大力发展生产，保障供给，搞活流通，加强监管，居民消费价格指数、工业生产者出厂价格指数涨幅从8月份起逐月回落，扭转了一度过快上涨势头。

Amid worsening inflation expectations worldwide, fluctuating and high prices of major commodities on the world market, significantly higher costs of factors of production at home, and a shortage of some agricultural products, we made ensuring general price stability our top priority in macro-control, pursued policies in an integrated way, rationally used monetary policy tools to regulate the supplies of money and credit, vigorously developed production to ensure supply, boosted distribution, and strengthened supervision.As a result, increases in the consumer price index(CPI)and the producer price index(PPI)began falling in August, thus reversing the trend of rapid inflation.下半年，世界经济不稳定性不确定性上升，国内经济运行出现一些新情况新问题，我们一方面坚持宏观调控的基本取向不变，保持宏观经济政策基本稳定，继续控制通货膨胀；一方面适时适度预调微调，加强信贷政策与产业政策的协调配合，加大结构性减税力度，重点支持实体经济特别是小型微型企业，重点支持民生工程特别是保障性安居工程，重点保证国家重大在建、续建项目的资金需要，有针对性地解决经济运行中的突出矛盾。

In the second half of the year, when the global economy faced greater instability and uncertainty and when new developments and problems occurred in China's economy, we kept the basic orientation of macro-control unchanged, maintained the basic continuity of our macroeconomic policies, and continued to curb inflation.In addition, we carried out timely and appropriate anticipatory adjustments and fine-tuning, strengthenedcoordination between credit and industrial policies, and increased structural tax reductions.We focused on supporting the real economy, especially small and micro businesses;improving the people's wellbeing, especially by building low-income housing projects;and ensuring funding for key projects that are under construction or expansion.These well-targeted measures were taken to solve major economic problems.我们坚定不移地加强房地产市场调控，确保调控政策落到实处、见到实效。投机、投资性需求得到明显抑制，多数城市房价环比下降，调控效果正在显现。我们高度重视防范和化解财政金融领域的潜在风险隐患，及时对地方政府性债务进行全面审计，摸清了多年形成的地方政府性债务的总规模、形成原因、偿还时限和区域分布。这些债务在经济社会发展中发挥了积极作用，形成了大量优质资产；也存在一些风险隐患，特别是部分偿债能力较弱地区存在局部性风险。

We steadfastly tightened regulation of the real estate market and ensured that control policies were fully carried out and achieved real progress.Consequently, speculative or investment-driven housing demand has been significantly curbed, housing prices in most Chinese cities have fallen month on month, and the results of our control measures are beginning to show.We attached great importance to guarding against and eliminating latent risks which exist in the banking and public finance sectors.We fully audited local government debt in a timely manner, and obtained a clear picture of the total amount, due dates, geographic distribution, and causes of the debts local governments incurred over the years.These debts have played a positive role in promoting economic and social development and produced a large amount of quality assets.However, they also contained risks and hidden dangers, and some localities with poor ability to pay their debts were at risk of default.我们认真开展债务清理整顿和规范工作，严格控制增量，积极稳妥解决债务偿还和在建项目后续融资问题。目前，我国政府性债务水平是可控的、安全的。总的看，我国国民经济继续朝着宏观调控预期方向发展，抗风险能力不断增强，呈现增长较快、价格趋稳、效益较好、民生改善的良好态势。

We sorted out and standardized these debts, imposed a cap on their increase, and actively yet prudently solved problems related to the repayment of such debts and additional funding for ongoing projects.Government debt in China now is at a controllable and secure level.China's economy as a whole continues to grow as we anticipated in our exercise of macro-controls and has become more resilient.Economic growth is robust, prices are stabilizing, economic returns are good, and the people's wellbeing is improving.(二)加快转变经济发展方式，提高发展的协调性和产业的竞争力。2.Accelerating the transformation of the pattern of economic development and making development more coordinated and industries more competitive.我们坚持有扶有控，促进结构调整和优化升级，增强发展后劲。

最低收购价，加强以农田水利为重点的农业农村基础设施建设，开展农村土地整治，加强农业科技服务和抗灾减灾，中央财政“三农”支出超过1万亿元，比上年增加1839亿元。农业全面丰收，粮食总产量实现了历史罕见的“八连增”，连续5年超万亿斤，标志着我国粮食综合生产能力稳定跃上新台阶。

We continued to renovate dilapidated houses in rural areas, ensured the safety of potable water for 63.98 million additional rural residents, delivered electricity to 600,000 people in areas that had no power supply, and further improved rural working and living conditions.加快产业结构优化升级。大力培育战略性新兴产业，新能源、新材料、生物医药、高端装备制造、新能源汽车快速发展，三网融合、云计算、物联网试点示范工作步伐加快。企业兼并重组取得新进展。

We allocated 15 billion yuan from the central government budget to support more than 4,000 projects to boost key industries and upgrade their technologies.This seed capital attracted a total investment of 300 billion yuan.We accelerated the development of information consulting, e-commerce and other modern service industries, and expanded new service areas.The transportation industry developed quickly, thereby further strengthening the foundation for China's economic and social development.推进节能减排和生态环境保护。发布实施“十二五”节能减排综合性工作方案、控制温室气体排放工作方案和加强环境保护重点工作的意见。清洁能源发电装机达到2.9亿千瓦，比上年增加3356万千瓦。加强重点节能环保工程建设，新增城镇污水日处理能力1100万吨，5000多万千瓦新增燃煤发电机组全部安装脱硫设施。加大对高耗能、高排放和产能过剩行业的调控力度，淘汰落后的水泥产能1.5亿吨、炼铁产能3122万吨、焦炭产能1925万吨。

We implemented the second phase of the project to protect virgin forests and raised related subsidies, carried out the policy of giving rewards and subsidies for grassland ecological conservation, and launched pilot projects to protect the ecological environment of lakes.And we planted 6.13 million hectares of trees.促进区域经济协调发展。深入实施区域发展总体战略和全国主体功能区规划。出台实施促进西藏、新疆等地区跨越式发展的一系列优惠政策。制定实施新10年农村扶贫开发纲要和兴

边富民行动规划。区域发展协调性进一步增强，中西部和东北地区主要经济指标增速高于全国平均水平，东部地区产业转型升级步伐加快。

We promoted the balanced development of regional economies.We thoroughly implemented the master strategy for regional development and the national plan for developing functional zones.We introduced preferential policies to promote the leapfrog development of Tibet and Xinjiang;and formulated and implemented a rural poverty alleviation and development program for the next ten years and an action plan to bring prosperity to border areas and the people there.As a result, regional development became better balanced, major economic indicators rose faster in the central and western regions and northeast China than the national average, and the eastern region accelerated industrial transformation and upgrading.城镇化率超过50%，这是中国社会结构的一个历史性变化。胜利完成四川汶川特大地震灾后恢复重建任务，积极推进青海玉树、甘肃舟曲、云南盈江抗灾救灾和恢复重建工作。China's urbanization level exceeded 50%, marking a historic change in the country's social structure.We completed reconstruction in Wenchuan, Sichuan, which was hit by a massive earthquake in 2008, and made major progress in disaster relief and reconstruction in Yushu, Qinghai;Zhugqu, Gansu;and Yingjiang, Yunnan.

第二篇：温家宝总理2012政府工作报告全文(双语对照)

温家宝总理2012政府工作报告全文（双语对照）

政府工作报告

——2012年3月5日在第十一届全国人民代表大会第五次会议上国务院总理温家宝

REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE GOVERNMENT Delivered at the Fifth Session of the Eleventh National People's Congress on March 5, 2012

Wen Jiabao

Premier of the State Council 各位代表：现在，我代表国务院，向大会报告政府工作，请各位代表审议，并请全国政协委员提出意见。Fellow Deputies, On behalf of the State Council, I now present to you my report on the work of the government for your deliberation and approval and for comments and suggestions from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC).一、2011年工作回顾 I.Review of Work in 2011 过去的一年，面对复杂多变的国际政治经济环境和艰巨繁重的国内改革发展任务，全国各族人民在中国共产党领导下，同心同德，团结奋进，改革开放和社会主义现代化建设取得新的重大成就。国内生产总值47．2万亿元，比上年增长9．2%；公共财政收入10．37万亿元，增长24．8%；粮食产量57121万吨，再创历史新高；城镇新增就业1221万人，城镇居民人均可支配收入和农村居民人均纯收入实际增长8．4%和11．4%。我们巩固和扩大了应对国际金融危机冲击成果，实现了“十二五”时期良好开局。

Last year, China faced a complex and volatile political and economic environment abroad and arduous and challenging reform and development tasks at home.Working hard with one heart and one mind under the leadership of the Communist Party of China(CPC), the Chinese people of all ethnic groups made significant achievements in reform, opening up, and socialist modernization.China's GDP reached 47.2 trillion yuan, an increase of 9.2% over the previous year;government revenue was 10.37 trillion yuan, an increase of 24.8%;and the country's grain output reached a record high of 571.21 million tons.A total of 12.21 million new urban jobs were created.The per capita disposable income of urban residents and the per capita net income of rural residents rose in real terms by 8.4% and 11.4%, respectively.We consolidated and built upon our achievements in responding to the global financial crisis, and got the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period off to a good start.一年来，我们主要做了以下工作：

We accomplished the following in our work last year.（一）加强和改善宏观调控，遏制物价过快上涨，实现经济平稳较快发展。

1.Strengthening and improving macro-control, preventing fast price rises, and achieving steady and robust economic development

我们实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策，坚持正确处理保持经济平稳较快发展、调整经济结构和管理通胀预期的关系，更加注重把握好政策实施的重点、力度和节奏，努力做到调控审慎灵活、适时适度，不断提高政策的针对性、灵活性和前瞻性。在全球通胀预期不断增强，国际市场大宗商品价格高位波动，国内要素成本明显上升，部分农产品供给偏紧的严峻形势下，我们把稳定物价总水平作为宏观调控的首要任务，坚持综合施策，合理运用货币政策工具，调节货币信贷增速，大力发展生产，保障供给，搞活流通，加强监管，居民消费价格指数、工业生产者出厂价格指数涨幅从8月份起逐月回落，扭转了一度过快上涨势头。下半年，世界经济不稳定性不确定性上升，国内经济运行出现一些新情况新问题，我们一方面坚持宏观调控的基本取向不变，保持宏观经济政策基本稳定，继续控制通货膨胀；一方面适时适度预调微调，加强信贷政策与产业政策的协调配合，加大结构性减税力度，重点支持实体经济特别是小型微型企业，重点支持民生工程特别是保障性安居工程，重点保证国家重大在建、续建项目的资金需要，有针对性地解决经济运行中的突出矛盾。我们坚定不移地加强房地产市场调控，确保调控政策落到实处、见到实效。投机、投资性需求得到明显抑制，多数城市房价环比下降，调控效果正在显现。我们高度重视防范和化解财政金融领域的潜在风险隐患，及时对地方政府性债务进行全面审计，摸清了多年形成的地方政府性债务的总规模、形成原因、偿还时限和区域分布。这些债务在经济社会发展中发挥了积极作用，形成了大量优质资产；也存在一些风险隐患，特别是部分偿债能力较弱地区存在局部性风险。我们认真开展债务清理整顿和规范工作，严格控制增量，积极稳妥解决债务偿还和在建项目后续融资问题。目前，我国政府性债务水平是可控的、安全的。总的看，我国国民经济继续朝着宏观调控预期方向发展，抗风险能力不断增强，呈现增长较快、价格趋稳、效益较好、民生改善的良好态势。

We followed a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy, and maintained a balance between ensuring steady and robust economic development, adjusting the economic structure, and managing inflation expectations.We paid greater attention to implementing policies with the proper focus, force, and pace;conducted prudent and flexible macro-control on a moderate scale and in a timely fashion;and constantly made our policies more targeted, flexible, and forward-looking.Amid worsening inflation expectations worldwide, fluctuating and high prices of major commodities on the world market, significantly higher costs of factors of production at home, and a shortage of some agricultural products, we made ensuring general price stability our top priority in macro-control, pursued policies in an integrated way, rationally used monetary policy tools to regulate the supplies of money and credit, vigorously developed production to ensure supply, boosted distribution, and strengthened supervision.As a result, increases in the consumer price index(CPI)and the producer price index(PPI)began falling in August, thus reversing the trend of rapid inflation.In the second half of the year, when the global economy faced greater instability and uncertainty and when new developments and problems occurred in China's economy, we kept the basic orientation of macro-control unchanged, maintained the basic continuity of our macroeconomic policies, and continued to curb inflation.In addition, we carried out timely and appropriate anticipatory adjustments and fine-tuning, strengthened coordination between credit and industrial policies, and increased structural tax reductions.We focused on supporting the real economy, especially small and micro businesses;improving the people's wellbeing, especially by building low-income housing projects;and ensuring funding for key projects that are under construction or expansion.These well-targeted measures were taken to solve major economic problems.We steadfastly tightened regulation of the real estate market and ensured that control policies were fully carried out and achieved real progress.Consequently, speculative or investment-driven housing demand has been significantly curbed, housing prices in most Chinese cities have fallen month on month, and the results of our control measures are beginning to show.We attached great importance to guarding against and eliminating latent risks which exist in the banking and public finance sectors.We fully audited local government debt in a timely manner, and obtained a clear picture of the total amount, due dates, geographic distribution, and causes of the debts local governments incurred over the years.These debts have played a positive role in promoting economic and social development and produced a large amount of quality assets.However, they also contained risks and hidden dangers, and some localities with poor ability to pay their debts were at risk of default.We sorted out and standardized these debts, imposed a cap on their increase, and actively yet prudently solved problems related to the repayment of such debts and additional funding for ongoing projects.Government debt in China now is at a controllable and secure level.China's economy as a whole continues to grow as we anticipated in our exercise of macro-controls and has become more resilient.Economic growth is robust, prices are stabilizing, economic returns are good, and the people's wellbeing is improving.（二）加快转变经济发展方式，提高发展的协调性和产业的竞争力。

2.Accelerating the transformation of the pattern of economic development and making development more coordinated and industries more competitive.我们坚持有扶有控，促进结构调整和优化升级，增强发展后劲。

We supported development in some areas while limiting growth in others, and carried out economic structural adjustments and upgrading to increase the sustainability of development.巩固和加强农业基础。全面落实强农惠农富农政策，加大农业生产补贴力度，稳步提高粮食最低收购价，加强以农田水利为重点的农业农村基础设施建设，开展农村土地整治，加强农业科技服务和抗灾减灾，中央财政“三农”支出超过1万亿元，比上年增加1839亿元。农业全面丰收，粮食总产量实现了历史罕见的“八连增”，连续5年超万亿斤，标志着我国粮食综合生产能力稳定跃上新台阶。继续推进农村危房改造，解决了6398万农村人口的饮水安全和60万无电地区人口的用电问题，农村生产生活条件进一步改善。

We consolidated and strengthened the agricultural foundation.We fully implemented the policy of strengthening agriculture, benefitting farmers, and enriching rural areas.We increased subsidies for agricultural production, and the minimum purchase price for grain rose steadily.We strengthened agricultural and rural infrastructure, with priority given to irrigation and water conservancy projects, improved rural land, increased scientific and technological services for agriculture, and improved our ability to respond to and mitigate natural disasters.Central government spending on agriculture, rural areas and farmers exceeded one trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 183.9 billion yuan.We had a bumper harvest in all sectors of agriculture.China's grain output increased for the eighth consecutive year, which has rarely been seen in history.Grain output in each of the past five years has exceeded 500 million tons, which shows that China's overall grain production capacity has reached a new level.We continued to renovate dilapidated houses in rural areas, ensured the safety of potable water for 63.98 million additional rural residents, delivered electricity to 600,000 people in areas that had no power supply, and further improved rural working and living conditions.加快产业结构优化升级。大力培育战略性新兴产业，新能源、新材料、生物医药、高端装备制造、新能源汽车快速发展，三网融合、云计算、物联网试点示范工作步伐加快。企业兼并重组取得新进展。支持重点产业振兴和技术改造，中央预算投资安排150亿元，支持4000多个项目，带动总投资3000亿元。加快发展信息咨询、电子商务等现代服务业，新兴服务领域不断拓宽。交通运输产业快速发展，经济社会发展的基础进一步夯实。

We accelerated the optimization and upgrading of the industrial structure.We energetically fostered strategic emerging industries and accelerated development of new energy, new materials, biomedicines, high-end equipment manufacturing and new-energy vehicles, and we sped up pilot projects and demonstrations for integrating the telecommunications network, the radio and television broadcasting network, and the Internet, along with the development of cloud computing and the Internet of Things.We made progress in enterprise mergers and reorganizations.We allocated 15 billion yuan from the central government budget to support more than 4,000 projects to boost key industries and upgrade their technologies.This seed capital attracted a total investment of 300 billion yuan.We accelerated the development of information consulting, e-commerce and other modern service industries, and expanded new service areas.The transportation industry developed quickly, thereby further strengthening the foundation for China's economic and social development.推进节能减排和生态环境保护。发布实施“十二五”节能减排综合性工作方案、控制温室气体排放工作方案和加强环境保护重点工作的意见。清洁能源发电装机达到2．9亿千瓦，比上年增加3356万千瓦。加强重点节能环保工程建设，新增城镇污水日处理能力1100万吨，5000多万千瓦新增燃煤发电机组全部安装脱硫设施。加大对高耗能、高排放和产能过剩行业的调控力度，淘汰落后的水泥产能1．5亿吨、炼铁产能3122万吨、焦炭产能1925万吨。实施天然林保护二期工程并提高补助标准，实行草原生态保护奖补政策，开展湖泊生态环境保护试点。植树造林9200多万亩。

We made progress in conserving energy, reducing emissions, and protecting the ecological environment.We adopted and implemented the Comprehensive Work Plan for Conserving Energy and Reducing Emissions and the Work Plan for Controlling Greenhouse Gas Emissions for the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period, and the Guidelines on Strengthening Key Environmental Protection Tasks.The installed power capacity using clean energy reached 290 million kW, an increase of 33.56 million kW over the previous year.We strengthened the development of major energy conservation and environmental protection projects.We increased daily sewage treatment capacity by 11 million tons in urban areas, and installed desulphurization systems on all new coal-fired power-generating units with a total capacity of over 50 million kW.We tightened controls over industries that are energy intensive, have high emissions or possess excess production capacity, and closed down outdated production facilities whose production capacity amounted to 150 million tons of cement, 31.22 million tons of iron, and 19.25 million tons of coke.We implemented the second phase of the project to protect virgin forests and raised related subsidies, carried out the policy of giving rewards and subsidies for grassland ecological conservation, and launched pilot projects to protect the ecological environment of lakes.And we planted 6.13 million hectares of trees.促进区域经济协调发展。深入实施区域发展总体战略和全国主体功能区规划。出台实施促进西藏、新疆等地区跨越式发展的一系列优惠政策。制定实施新10年农村扶贫开发纲要和兴边富民行动规划。区域发展协调性进一步增强，中西部和东北地区主要经济指标增速高于全国平均水平，东部地区产业转型升级步伐加快。城镇化率超过50%，这是中国社会结构的一个历史性变化。胜利完成四川汶川特大地震灾后恢复重建任务，积极推进青海玉树、甘肃舟曲、云南盈江抗灾救灾和恢复重建工作。

We promoted the balanced development of regional economies.We thoroughly implemented the master strategy for regional development and the national plan for developing functional zones.We introduced preferential policies to promote the leapfrog development of Tibet and Xinjiang;and formulated and implemented a rural poverty alleviation and development program for the next ten years and an action plan to bring prosperity to border areas and the people there.As a result, regional development became better balanced, major economic indicators rose faster in the central and western regions and northeast China than the national average, and the eastern region accelerated industrial transformation and upgrading.China's urbanization level exceeded 50%, marking a historic change in the country's social structure.We completed reconstruction in Wenchuan, Sichuan, which was hit by a massive earthquake in 2008, and made major progress in disaster relief and reconstruction in Yushu, Qinghai;Zhugqu, Gansu;and Yingjiang, Yunnan.（三）大力发展社会事业，促进经济社会协调发展。各级政府加大对科技、教育、文化、卫生、体育事业的投入，全国财政支出2．82万亿元。

Developing social services and promoting balanced economic and social development.Governments at all levels increased spending on science and technology, education, culture, health, and sports programs, with the total amount reaching 2.82 trillion yuan.持续提升科技创新能力。加强基础研究和前沿技术研究。实施国家科技重大专项，突破一些关键核心技术，填补了多项重大产品和装备的空白。天宫一号目标飞行器与神舟八号飞船先后成功发射并顺利交会对接，成为我国载人航天发展史上新的里程碑。

We continued to enhance China's scientific and technological innovation capabilities.We strengthened basic research and research in cutting-edge technologies.We carried out major national research and development projects, made breakthroughs in a number of core and key technologies, and filled in many gaps in important products and technologies.The Tiangong-1 space module and the Shenzhou-8 spacecraft were launched, and Shenzhou-8 successfully docked with Tiangong-1, marking a new milestone in China's development of manned spaceflights.扎实推进教育公平。深入贯彻落实教育改革和发展规划纲要。经过25年坚持不懈的努力，全面实现九年制义务教育。免除3000多万名农村寄宿制学生住宿费，其中1228万名中西部家庭经济困难学生享受生活补助。建立起完整的家庭经济困难学生资助体系。初步解决农民工随迁子女在城市接受义务教育的问题。推动实施“学前教育三年行动计划”，提高幼儿入园率。大力发展职业教育。加强中小学教师培训工作，扩大中小学教师职称制度改革试点，提高中小学教师队伍整体素质。首届免费师范生全部到中小学任教，90%以上在中西部。We made solid progress in making education more equitable.We thoroughly implemented the Plan for Education Reform and Development.Thanks to tireless efforts over the past 25 years, we have fully attained the goals of making nine-year compulsory education universally available and basically eliminating illiteracy among young and middle-aged adults.Over 30 million rural boarding school students were exempted from accommodation expenses, and 12.28 million of them who are from poor families in the central and western regions received living allowances.A comprehensive system for providing aid to students from poor families was put in place.The children of rural migrant workers were generally granted access to compulsory education in cities where they live.A three-year action plan for preschool education was carried out, and the number of children enrolled in preschool increased.We vigorously developed vocational education.We strengthened training of primary and secondary school teachers, expanded trials of reforming the system of conferring professional titles on them, and raised their overall quality.All the graduates of 2011 who received tuition-free education in teachers' colleges and universities went to teach in primary and secondary schools, with over 90% of them working in central and western China.大力加强文化建设。中央财政加大对文化惠民工程的支持，各地对公益性文化事业投入显著增加。扩大公共文化设施免费开放范围，服务面逐步拓展。文化体制改革继续推进，文化产业快速发展。文物保护、非物质文化遗产保护和传承取得重要进展。大力加强群众体育设施建设，全民健身活动蓬勃开展，体育事业取得新成绩。

We vigorously strengthened development of the cultural sector.The central government increased financial support for cultural programs that benefit the people, and local governments significantly increased spending on nonprofit cultural programs.We increased the number of public cultural facilities open to the public free of charge, and steadily expanded their services.We continued to reform the cultural system, and cultural industries developed rapidly.Major progress was made in protecting cultural relics and in protecting and passing on China's intangible cultural heritage.We put great effort into building public sports facilities, vigorously developed fitness activities across the country, and made new achievements in sports activities.积极稳妥推进医药卫生事业改革发展。基本医疗保险覆盖范围继续扩大，13亿城乡居民参保，全民医保体系初步形成。政策范围内住院费用报销比例提高，重大疾病医疗保障病种范围进一步扩大。各级财政对城镇居民医保和新农合的补助标准由每人每年120元提高到200元。国家基本药物制度在政府办基层医疗卫生机构实现全覆盖，基本药物安全性提高、价格下降。公立医院改革试点有序进行。基层医疗卫生服务体系基本建成。基本公共卫生服务均等化取得新进展。

We actively yet prudently carried out reform and development of medical and healthcare services.We further expanded coverage of basic medical insurance, so that now 1.3 billion urban and rural residents are covered.A medical insurance system that covers the whole population is emerging.We raised the reimbursement rate for hospitalization expenses covered by relevant policies, and expanded the range of major diseases for which medical treatment is insured.Governments at all levels increased per-person subsidies for the medical insurance for non-working urban residents and the new type of rural cooperative medical care system from 120 yuan per year to 200 yuan per year.We implemented the national system for basic drugs in all community-level medical and health care institutions run by the government, and basic drugs became safer and more affordable.We progressed in an orderly fashion with trials of reforming public hospitals, basically established a community medical and health care service system, and made progress in providing equal access to basic public health services.（四）切实保障和改善民生，解决关系群众切身利益的问题。我们坚持民生优先，努力使发展成果惠及全体人民，促进社会公平正义。

4.Ensuring and improving the people's wellbeing and solving problems that affect their interests.We continued to put the people's wellbeing first, worked hard to bring the benefit of development to all, and promoted social fairness and justice.实施更加积极的就业政策。多渠道开发就业岗位，全力推动以创业带动就业，加强职业技能培训和公共就业服务体系建设。加大财政、税收、金融等方面支持力度，着力促进高校毕业生、农民工等重点人群就业。高校毕业生初次就业率77．8%，同比提高1．2个百分点。农民工总量2．53亿人，比上年增长4．4%，其中，外出农民工1．59亿人，增长3．4%。We implemented a more active employment policy.We created jobs through a variety of channels, expanded job opportunities through the creation of new businesses, strengthened vocational skills training, and improved the public employment service system.We increased fiscal, taxation, and financial support to promote employment of university graduates, rural migrant workers, and other key groups.The employment rate for college graduates reached 77.8%, an increase of 1.2 percentage points over the previous year.The number of rural workers totaled 253 million, an increase of 4.4% over the previous year, of whom 159 million worked in towns and cities, up 3.4%.积极调整收入分配关系。着力提高低收入群众收入。农村居民人均纯收入实际增速为1985年以来最高，连续两年快于城镇居民；各地普遍较大幅度调高最低工资标准；连续第7年提高企业退休人员基本养老金，全年人均增加1680元，5700多万人受益；进一步提高城乡低保补助水平以及部分优抚对象抚恤和生活补助标准，对全国城乡低保对象、农村五保供养对象等8600多万名困难群众发放一次性生活补贴；建立社会救助和保障标准与物价上涨挂钩的联动机制。扩大中等收入者所占比重。个人所得税起征点从2000元提高到3500元。降低900多万个体工商户税负。中央决定将农民人均纯收入2300元（2010年不变价）作为新的国家扶贫标准，比2009年提高92%，把更多农村低收入人口纳入扶贫范围，这是社会的巨大进步。

We adjusted income distribution.We worked hard to increase the income of low-income people.Per capita net income of rural residents in real terms registered the fastest growth since 1985, outpacing urban residents for the second straight year.We significantly increased the minimum wage across the country.Basic pensions for enterprise retirees increased for the seventh consecutive year, with an average increase of 1,680 yuan per person for the year, which benefited over 57 million people.We further increased subsistence allowances for rural and urban residents and subsidies and living allowances for some entitled groups, and granted lump-sum living allowances to more than 86 million people in need, including subsistence allowance recipients in urban and rural areas and childless and infirm rural residents who are entitled to five forms of support(food, clothing, medical care, housing, and burial expenses).We instituted a mechanism to increase social aid and social security benefits when consumer prices rise.The proportion of middle-income earners in the whole population increased.We raised the salary threshold for personal income tax from 2,000 yuan to 3,500 yuan.We reduced the tax burden on over nine million self-employed people.The central government set the new poverty line at 2,300 yuan, which was the per capita net income in rural areas at 2010 prices, an increase of 92% over 2009.This resulted in more low-income people being covered by the government's poverty reduction program, which constitutes tremendous social progress.加强社会保障体系建设。社会保障覆盖范围继续扩大，全国参加城镇基本养老保险、失业保险、工伤保险和生育保险人数大幅增加。2147个县（市、区）实施城镇居民社会养老保险试点，1334万人参保，641万人领取养老金。2343个县（市、区）开展新型农村社会养老保险试点，3．58亿人参保，9880万人领取养老金，覆盖面扩大到60%以上。解决了500多万名集体企业退休人员养老保障的历史遗留问题。将312万名企业“老工伤”人员和工亡职工供养亲属纳入工伤保险统筹管理。养老保险跨地区转移接续工作有序推进。社会保障体系不断健全，向制度全覆盖迈出重大步伐，这是推进基本公共服务均等化取得的重要成就。We bolstered the development of the social security system.We continued to expand coverage of social security, and the number of people covered by basic old-age insurance for urban residents, unemployment insurance, workers' compensation and maternity insurance rose substantially nationwide.We carried out trials of old-age insurance for non-working urban residents in 2,147 counties and county-level cities and districts, covering 13.34 million residents, and 6.41 million residents received pensions.We launched trials of a new type of old-age insurance for rural residents in 2,343 counties and county-level cities and districts, covering 358 million people, and 98.8 million people received pensions.We extended coverage of this insurance to more than 60% of China's counties.We solved longstanding problems concerning pensions for more than five million retirees of collectively owned enterprises.We included 3.12 million persons who suffer from past work-related injuries and dependents of employees who lost their lives in work-related accidents in workers' compensation insurance.We worked in an orderly way to make it possible to transfer pension accounts between localities.We continued to improve the social security system and made significant progress in extending coverage to all residents.This was an important achievement for ensuring equal access to basic public services for all.大力推进保障性安居工程建设。出台关于保障性安居工程建设和管理的指导意见，完善财政投入、土地供应、信贷支持、税费减免等政策，着力提高规划建设和工程质量水平，制定保障性住房分配、管理、退出等制度和办法。中央财政安排资金1713亿元，是2010年的2．2倍，全年城镇保障性住房基本建成432万套，新开工建设1043万套。

We accelerated the construction of low-income housing.We adopted guidelines on construction and management of low-income housing;improved policies on government input, land supply, credit support, and tax and fee reductions;strove to improve project planning and construction quality;and introduced a system and measures for distributing, managing, and recalling low-income housing.The central government allocated 171.3 billion yuan for these purposes, an increase of 120% over 2010.We basically completed 4.32 million units of low-income urban housing and began construction on a further 10.43 million units.努力维护社会公共安全。加强安全生产监管，做好重特大安全事故的处置、调查、问责工作。完善食品安全监管体制机制，集中打击、整治非法添加和违法生产加工行为。坚持以人为本、服务为先，加强和创新社会管理，着力排查化解各类社会矛盾，依法打击违法犯罪活动，保持社会和谐稳定。

We worked hard to safeguard public safety.We intensified oversight and supervision of workplace safety and ensured that major accidents were fully investigated and dealt with and those responsible were held accountable.We improved the system and mechanisms for oversight and supervision of food safety, and gave high priority to cracking down on the use of illegal additives and the illegal production and processing of food.We put people and services first, strengthened and made innovations in social administration, strove to investigate and resolve social conflicts, cracked down on crime in accordance with the law, and maintained social harmony and stability.（五）深入推进改革开放，为经济社会发展注入新的活力和动力。我们按照“十二五”规划提出的改革任务，加大攻坚力度，推动重点领域和关键环节的改革。

5.Deepening reform and opening up and injecting new vitality and impetus into economic and social development.We intensified efforts to overcome difficulties and carried forward reform in major areas and key links to meet reform targets set forth in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan.完善公共财政体系特别是预算管理制度，把预算外资金全部纳入预算管理，扩大国有资本经营预算实施范围，深化部门预算改革，推进政府预算、决算公开，98个中央部门和北京、上海、广东、陕西等省市公开“三公经费”。在全国范围实施原油、天然气资源税从价计征改革，出台营业税改征增值税试点方案。把跨境贸易人民币结算范围扩大到全国，启动境外直接投资人民币结算试点，开展外商直接投资人民币结算业务。深化集体林权制度改革，启动国有林场改革试点，依法开展草原承包经营登记。推进水利建设管理体制改革，创新水资源管理体制。深化国有企业改革。启动实施电网主辅分离改革重组以及上网电价和非居民用电价格调整方案。基本完成乡镇机构改革。事业单位分类改革有序开展。

We improved the public finance system, particularly the budget management system.We put all extrabudgetary funds under budgetary management;expanded the scope of budgets for the use of state capital;deepened the reform requiring government departments to prepare their own budgets;and moved ahead with publicly releasing government budgets and final accounts.Ninety-eight central government departments as well as provincial and municipal governments, including Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong and Shaanxi, publicly released information regarding their spending on official overseas trips, official vehicles and official hospitality.We carried out a price-based reform of resource taxes on crude oil and natural gas nationwide, and introduced a plan to replace business tax with value-added tax(VAT)on a trial basis.We extended the use of RMB in cross-border trade settlement to the whole country, launched trials for settling overseas direct investment accounts in RMB, and began settling foreign direct investment accounts in RMB.We deepened reform of tenure in collective forests, launched a trial reform of state forestry farms, and started registration for contracting pastureland in accordance with the law.We pressed ahead with reform of the system for managing the construction of water conservancy facilities and made innovations in the system for managing water resources;and deepened reform of state-owned enterprises.We carried out reform to restructure power grids by separating their main business from auxiliary services and implemented the plan to adjust the prices of on-grid electricity and non-household electricity.We basically completed the reform of county and town government bodies, and proceeded with the reform of public institutions through classification in an orderly manner.我们坚持出口和进口并重，利用外资和对外投资并举，全面提升开放型经济水平。积极推进市场多元化战略，努力优化贸易结构。全年货物进出口总额3．64万亿美元，增长22．5%，其中，出口增长20．3%，进口增长24．9%，贸易顺差进一步下降。实际使用外商直接投资1160亿美元，服务业和中西部地区比重提高。企业“走出去”步伐加快，非金融类对外直接投资601亿美元。积极参与国际和区域经济合作，多边双边经贸关系继续深化。

We continued to put equal emphasis on exports and imports, encouraged foreign investment in China and Chinese investment overseas, and made comprehensive improvements to China's open economy.We actively pursued the strategy of diversifying markets and improved the trade mix.China's total volume of trade in goods totaled US$ 3.64 trillion for the year, up 22.5%.Exports and imports grew by 20.3% and 24.9%, respectively, and our trade surplus decreased further.Total utilized foreign direct investment was $116 billion, and a larger proportion of it went to service industries and the central and western regions.Chinese companies expanded their overseas presence, and non-financial outward direct investment reached $60.1 billion.We actively participated in international and regional economic cooperation and continued to deepen multilateral and bilateral economic and trade relations.我们在民主法制建设、国防和军队建设、港澳台工作和外交工作等方面，都取得了卓有成效的进展。

We made outstanding progress in improving democracy and the legal system;strengthening national defense and building up the armed forces;and in our work related to Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan and our diplomatic work.过去一年的成绩来之不易，显示了中国特色社会主义的优越性和生命力，增强了中华民族的自豪感和凝聚力。这是以胡锦涛同志为总书记的党中央科学决策、正确领导的结果，是全党全军全国各族人民齐心协力、顽强拼搏的结果。我代表国务院，向全国各族人民，向各民主党派、各人民团体和各界人士，表示诚挚的感谢！向香港特别行政区同胞、澳门特别行政区同胞、台湾同胞和海外侨胞，表示诚挚的感谢！向关心和支持中国现代化建设的各国政府、国际组织和各国朋友，表示诚挚的感谢！

Our hard-won achievements over the past year are a testament to the strength and vitality of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, and have enhanced the pride and cohesiveness of the Chinese nation.We owe these achievements to the sound decisions made by the Party Central Committee, with Comrade Hu Jintao as General Secretary, and its correct leadership, as well as the concerted efforts and hard work of the Party, the armed forces, and the people of all ethnic groups in China.On behalf of the State Council, I wish to sincerely thank the Chinese people of all ethnic groups, the democratic parties, people's organizations, and people from all sectors of society.I wish to express my sincere gratitude to our compatriots in the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions and in Taiwan, as well as overseas Chinese.I also wish to express my sincere appreciation to governments of other countries, international organizations, and foreign friends around the world who show understanding for and support China in its pursuit of modernization.我们也清醒地看到，我国经济社会发展仍然面临不少困难和挑战。从国际看，世界经济复苏进程艰难曲折，国际金融危机还在发展，一些国家主权债务危机短期内难以缓解。主要发达经济体失业率居高难下，增长动力不足，新兴经济体面临通货膨胀和经济增速回落的双重压力。主要货币汇率剧烈波动，大宗商品价格大幅震荡。国际贸易投资保护主义强化。从国内看，解决体制性结构性矛盾，缓解发展不平衡、不协调、不可持续的问题更为迫切、难度更大，经济运行中又出现不少新情况新问题。主要是：经济增长存在下行压力，物价水平仍处高位，房地产市场调控处于关键阶段，农业稳定发展、农民持续增收难度加大，就业总量压力与结构性矛盾并存，一些企业特别是小型微型企业经营困难增多，部分行业产能过剩凸显，能源消费总量增长过快。一些长期矛盾与短期问题相互交织，结构性因素和周期性因素相互作用，国内问题和国际问题相互关联，宏观调控面临更加复杂的局面。政府工作仍存在一些缺点和不足，节能减排、物价调控目标没有完成；征地拆迁、安全生产、食品药品安全、收入分配等方面问题还很突出，群众反映强烈；政府管理和服务水平有待提高，廉政建设亟需加强。

We are keenly aware that China still faces many difficulties and challenges in economic and social development.Internationally, the road to global economic recovery will be tortuous, the global financial crisis is still evolving, and some countries will find it hard to ease the sovereign debt crisis any time soon.The unemployment rate remains high in the major developed economies, and they lack impetus for growth.Emerging economies face the dual pressures of inflation and slowing economic growth.The exchange rates of major currencies and the prices of important commodities are experiencing sharp fluctuations.Protectionism in international trade and investment is mounting.Domestically, it has become more urgent but also more difficult to solve institutional and structural problems and alleviate the problem of unbalanced, uncoordinated, and unsustainable development.In addition, China's economy is encountering new problems.There is downward pressure on economic growth.Prices remain high.Regulation of the real estate market is in a crucial stage.It is getting harder to maintain steady development of agriculture and sustain increases in rural incomes.Pressure to increase total employment coexists with structural shortages of qualified personnel in some industries.Some enterprises, especially small and micro businesses, face increasing difficulties in their operations.Some industries are plagued by excess production capacity.Total energy consumption is growing excessively fast.Moreover, some long-term and short-term problems are interwoven;structural and cyclical factors affect each other;domestic and international problems have become interrelated;and our macro-control work faces a more complex situation.There are still some deficiencies and shortcomings in the government's work.Targets for conserving energy, reducing emissions, and controlling prices are not being met.Problems concerning land expropriation, housing demolition, workplace safety, food and drug safety, and income distribution are still very serious and the people are still very concerned about them.Government administration and services need to be improved, and efforts to build clean government need to be intensified.我们一定要以对国家和人民高度负责的精神，采取更加有力的措施，切实解决存在的问题，努力把各项工作做得更好，决不辜负人民的重托。

We must act with a strong sense of responsibility toward the country and the people, take more effective steps to resolve these problems, strive to do all our work better, and truly live up to the people's expectations.二、2012年工作总体部署

II.Major Steps to Be Taken in Government Work in 2012 今年是“十二五”时期承前启后的重要一年，也是本届政府任期的最后一年。我们要恪尽职守、锐意进取、攻坚克难，决不懈怠，交出一份人民满意的答卷。

This year is an important year of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period, and the last year of the term of my government.We must dedicate ourselves to our duties, forge ahead with determination, tackle difficult problems directly, and work diligently to achieve results that satisfy the people.我国发展仍处于重要战略机遇期，在较长时期内继续保持经济平稳较快发展具备不少有利条件。工业化、城镇化和农业现代化快速推进，消费结构和产业结构升级蕴藏着巨大的需求潜力；经过30多年改革开放，我国发展建立了良好的物质基础和体制条件，宏观调控经验不断丰富，企业竞争力和抗风险能力明显提高；东部地区创新发展能力增强，中西部地区和东北等老工业基地发展潜力不断释放；经济发展的传统优势依然存在，劳动力资源丰富、素质提高；财政收支状况良好，金融体系运行稳健，社会资金比较充裕。世界经济政治格局正在发生深刻变化，和平、发展、合作仍然是时代潮流，总体上有利于我国和平发展。我们要坚定信心，善于运用有利条件和积极因素，继续抓住和用好重要战略机遇期，推动经济平稳较快发展，不断增强我国的综合国力和国际影响力。

We are still in an important period of strategic opportunities for China's development, and there are a number of favorable conditions for us to maintain steady and robust economic development for a long time.Industrialization, urbanization and agricultural modernization are proceeding rapidly, and improvements in the consumption pattern and the industrial structure will create huge potential demand.In the course of over 30 years of reform and opening up, we have built a solid material foundation and institutional conditions for development and gained rich experience in macro-control.Our enterprises have become significantly more competitive and resilient.The eastern region has greater capacity for innovation and development, and the development potential of the central and western regions and the old industrial bases in northeast China is being constantly unleashed.We still have our traditional strengths in economic development, as well as rich human resources and a more skilled workforce.We have a good balance between government revenue and expenditures and a sound financial system, and there is ample nongovernmental capital.The global economic and political patterns are undergoing profound changes;peace, development, and cooperation remain the underlying trends of the times, and overall the situation is favorable for China's peaceful development.We need to have firm confidence, capitalize on favorable conditions and factors, and continue to grasp and make the most of this important period of strategic opportunities to promote steady and robust economic development, and continue to enhance China's overall strength and its international influence.我们要高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导，深入贯彻落实科学发展观，坚持稳中求进，加强和改善宏观调控，继续处理好保持经济平稳较快发展、调整经济结构和管理通胀预期的关系，加快推进经济发展方式转变和经济结构调整，着力扩大国内需求特别是消费需求，着力加强自主创新和节能减排，着力深化改革开放，着力保障和改善民生，全面推进社会主义经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设以及生态文明建设，努力实现经济平稳较快发展和物价总水平基本稳定，保持社会和谐稳定，以经济社会发展的优异成绩迎接党的十八大胜利召开。

We must hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, take Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents as our guide, thoroughly apply the Scientific Outlook on Development, make progress while maintaining stability, and strengthen and improve macro-control.We will continue to balance maintaining steady and robust economic development, adjusting the economic structure, and managing inflation expectations;accelerate the transformation of the pattern of economic development and adjustment of the economic structure;vigorously expand domestic demand, particularly consumer demand;make every effort to strengthen innovation, energy conservation, and emissions reduction;and strive to deepen reform and opening up and ensure and improve the people's wellbeing.We will comprehensively advance socialist economic development, political, cultural and social progress, and ecological awareness.We will strive to achieve steady and robust economic development and overall price stability, maintain social harmony and stability, and greet the coming Eighteenth National Congress of the CPC with outstanding achievements in economic and social development.今年经济社会发展的主要预期目标是：国内生产总值增长7．5%；城镇新增就业900万人以上，城镇登记失业率控制在4．6%以内；居民消费价格涨幅控制在4%左右；进出口总额增长10%左右，国际收支状况继续改善。同时，要在产业结构调整、自主创新、节能减排等方面取得新进展，城乡居民收入实际增长和经济增长保持同步。这里要着重说明，国内生产总值增长目标略微调低，主要是要与“十二五”规划目标逐步衔接，引导各方面把工作着力点放到加快转变经济发展方式、切实提高经济发展质量和效益上来，以利于实现更长时期、更高水平、更好质量发展。提出居民消费价格涨幅控制在4%左右，综合考虑了输入性通胀因素、要素成本上升影响以及居民承受能力，也为价格改革预留一定空间。

The main targets for this year's economic and social development are as follows: to increase GDP by 7.5%, create more than 9 million new jobs in towns and cities, keep the registered urban unemployment rate at or below 4.6%, hold increases in the CPI to around 4%, increase the volume of total exports and imports by around 10%, and continue to improve our balance of payments.At the same time, we will make further progress in industrial restructuring, innovation, energy conservation, and emissions reduction, and ensure that both urban and rural residents' real incomes increase in line with economic growth.Here I wish to stress that in setting a slightly lower GDP growth rate, we hope to make it fit with targets in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan, and to guide people in all sectors to focus their work on accelerating the transformation of the pattern of economic development and making economic development more sustainable and efficient, so as to achieve higher-level, higher-quality development over a longer period of time.In projecting a CPI increase of around 4%, we have taken into account imported inflation, rising costs of factors of production, and people's ability to absorb the impact of price increases, while leaving room for the effect of price reforms.综合考虑各方面情况，要继续实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策，根据形势变化适时适度预调微调，进一步提高政策的针对性、灵活性和前瞻性。

Taking into consideration all relevant factors, we will continue to follow a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy, carry out timely and appropriate anticipatory adjustments and fine-tuning, and make our policies more targeted, flexible, and anticipatory.继续实施积极的财政政策。保持适度的财政赤字和国债规模。今年拟安排财政赤字8000亿元，赤字率下降到1．5%左右，其中中央财政赤字5500亿元，代发地方债2500亿元。优化财政支出结构、突出重点，更加注重向民生领域倾斜，加大对教育、文化、医疗卫生、就业、社会保障、保障性安居工程等方面的投入。更加注重加强薄弱环节，加大对“三农”、欠发达地区、科技创新和节能环保、水利、地质找矿等的支持。更加注重勤俭节约，严格控制“三公经费”，大力精简会议和文件，深化公务用车制度改革，进一步降低行政成本。继续控制楼堂馆所建设规模和标准，压缩大型运动会场馆建设投入。全面加强对重点领域、重点部门和重点资金的审计。实施结构性减税。认真落实和完善支持小型微型企业和个体工商户发展的各项税收优惠政策，开展营业税改征增值税试点。继续对行政事业性收费和政府性基金进行清理、整合和规范。加强地方政府性债务管理和风险防范。按照分类管理、区别对待、逐步化解的原则，继续妥善处理存量债务。进一步清理规范地方政府融资平台公司。坚决禁止各级政府以各种形式违规担保、承诺。同时，把短期应对措施和长期制度建设结合起来，严格控制地方政府新增债务，将地方政府债务收支分类纳入预算管理。

We will continue to implement a proactive fiscal policy.We will keep the deficit and government debt at appropriate levels.This year, we are projecting a deficit of 800 billion yuan, a decrease to around 1.5% of GDP, which consists of a 550 billion yuan central government deficit and 250 billion yuan of bonds issued on behalf of local governments.We will improve the structure of expenditures and give priority to spending in key areas.We will increase spending on areas which are important to the people's wellbeing, such as education, culture, medical and health care, employment, social security, and low-income housing projects.We will pay greater attention to strengthening weak links, and increase funding for agriculture, rural areas, farmers, underdeveloped areas, scientific and technological innovation, energy conservation, environmental protection, water conservancy, and geological prospecting.We will be more economical;strictly restrict spending on official overseas trips, vehicles for official use, and official hospitality;greatly reduce meetings and documents;deepen reform of the system for the use of official cars;and further reduce administrative costs.We will continue to restrict the construction of office buildings in terms of both size and grades, and reduce spending on building large gymnasiums and stadiums.We will also comprehensively strengthen auditing of key areas, sectors, and funds.We will introduce structural tax reductions.We will fully implement and improve all preferential tax policies to support the development of small, micro and individually owned businesses, and carry out pilot projects to replace business tax with VAT.We will continue to investigate the collection and use of administrative fees and operations of government-managed funds, merge them where necessary, and ensure fees are collected and government-managed funds are operated in a standardized way.We will strengthen supervision of local government debt and guard against risks.We will continue to deal with outstanding debts properly by classifying them into different categories and managing them accordingly, dealing with different situations differently, and resolving problems gradually.We will further investigate and standardize financing companies run by local governments.Governments at all levels are prohibited from making guarantees and promises in this respect in violation of laws and regulations.At the same time, we will both take short-term measures and build permanent systems, strictly limit new local government debt, and place revenue and expenditures of local government debt under budgetary management on the basis of their type.继续实施稳健的货币政策。按照总量适度、审慎灵活的要求，兼顾促进经济平稳较快发展、保持物价稳定和防范金融风险。综合运用各种货币政策工具，调节好货币信贷供求，保持社会融资规模合理增长。广义货币预期增长14%。优化信贷结构，支持国家重点在建、续建项目和保障性安居工程建设，加强对符合产业政策、有市场需求的企业特别是小型微型企业的信贷支持，切实降低实体经济融资成本。继续严格控制对高耗能、高污染和产能过剩行业的贷款。完善人民币汇率形成机制，增强人民币汇率双向浮动弹性，保持人民币汇率在合理均衡水平上的基本稳定。大力发展外汇市场，丰富外汇产品，为市场主体提供更多的汇率避险工具，管好用好外汇储备。建立健全系统性金融风险防范和监管协调机制，增强抵御风险能力。加强跨境资本流动监控。规范各类借贷行为，引导民间融资健康发展。

We will continue to implement a prudent monetary policy.We aim to promote steady and robust economic development, keep prices stable, and guard against financial risks by keeping the total money and credit supply at an appropriate level, and taking a cautious yet flexible approach.We will employ a full range of monetary policy tools, appropriately adjust the supply and demand of money and credit, and maintain proper growth of financing from nongovernment sources.The broad money supply is projected to increase by 14%.We will improve the credit structure, support key state projects that are under construction or expansion and low-income housing projects, and increase credit support to enterprises, especially small and micro businesses, whose operations are in accordance with industrial policies and whose products have market demand.We will effectively reduce the financing costs of the real economy, and continue to strictly restrict loans to industries that are energy intensive, have high emissions or possess excess production capacity.We will improve the mechanism for setting the RMB exchange rate, make the floating exchange rate regime more flexible, and keep the RMB exchange rate basically stable at an appropriate and balanced level.We will vigorously develop the foreign exchange market, diversify foreign exchange products, and provide more tools for market participants to hedge foreign exchange risks.We will manage and utilize our foreign exchange reserves well.We will set up a sound mechanism for preventing systemic financial risks and for coordinating financial oversight and supervision to strengthen our ability to withstand risks.We will tighten oversight on cross-border flows of capital, standardize all types of lending activities, and guide the sound development of private financing.全面做好今年的工作，必须坚持突出主题、贯穿主线、统筹兼顾、协调推进，把稳增长、控物价、调结构、惠民生、抓改革、促和谐更好地结合起来。稳增长，就是要坚持扩大内需、稳定外需，大力发展实体经济，努力克服国内外各种不稳定不确定因素的影响，及时解决苗头性、倾向性问题，保持经济平稳运行。控物价，就是要继续采取综合措施，保持物价总水平基本稳定，防止价格走势反弹。调结构，就是要有扶有控，提高经济增长质量和效益，增强发展的协调性和可持续性。惠民生，就是要坚持把保障改善民生作为工作的根本出发点和落脚点，把促进社会公平正义放在更加突出的位置，切实办成一些让人民群众得实惠的好事实事。抓改革，就是要以更大的决心和气力推进改革开放，着力解决影响经济社会长期健康发展的体制性、结构性矛盾，在一些重点领域和关键环节取得新突破。以开放促改革、促发展、促创新。促和谐，就是要正确处理改革、发展、稳定三者关系，积极有效化解各种矛盾和风险隐患，防止局部性问题演变成全局性问题，促进社会和谐稳定。

To ensure success in all our work this year, we must uphold the theme of scientific development, take transforming the pattern of economic development as the main thread, adopt a holistic approach, and coordinate all our work.We must coordinate efforts to achieve steady growth, control prices, adjust the economic structure, improve the people's wellbeing, implement reform, and promote harmony.To achieve steady growth, we will continue to expand domestic demand and keep foreign demand stable, vigorously develop the real economy, work hard to counter the impact of various factors of instability and uncertainty at home and abroad, promptly resolve emerging issues that signal unfavorable trends, and maintain stable economic performance.To control prices, we will continue to take comprehensive measures to maintain basic overall price stability and prevent a rebound of inflation.To adjust the economic structure, we will support development in some areas while limiting growth in others, improve the quality and efficiency of economic growth, and make development more coordinated and sustainable.To improve the people's wellbeing, we will continue to take ensuring and improving the people's wellbeing as the fundamental starting point and goal of our work, give higher priority to promoting social fairness and justice, and take a number of initiatives that will bring substantive benefits to the people.To implement reform, we will carry out reform and opening up with greater determination and effort, solve institutional and structural problems that hinder long-term sound economic and social development, and make breakthroughs in key areas and crucial links.We will spur reform, development and innovation through opening up.To promote harmony, we will properly balance reform, development, and stability;effectively defuse various types of conflicts, risks, and dangers;prevent isolated problems from growing into major ones;and promote social harmony and stability.三、2012年主要任务 III.Major Tasks for 2012

（一）促进经济平稳较快发展

1.Promoting steady and robust economic development 扩大内需特别是消费需求是我国经济长期平稳较快发展的根本立足点，是今年工作的重点。Expanding domestic demand, particularly consumer demand, which is essential to ensuring China's long-term, steady, and robust economic development, is the focus of our economic work this year.着力扩大消费需求。加快构建扩大消费的长效机制。大力调整收入分配格局，增加中低收入者收入，提高居民消费能力。完善鼓励居民消费政策。大力发展社会化养老、家政、物业、医疗保健等服务业。鼓励文化、旅游、健身等消费，落实好带薪休假制度。积极发展网络购物等新型消费业态。支持引导环保建材、节水洁具、节能汽车等绿色消费。扩大消费信贷。加强城乡流通体系和道路、停车场等基础设施建设。加强产品质量安全监管。改善消费环境，维护消费者合法权益。

We will work hard to expand consumer demand.We will move faster to set up a permanent mechanism for boosting consumption.We will vigorously adjust income distribution, increase the incomes of low-and middle-income groups, and enhance people's ability to consume.We will improve policies that encourage consumption.We will vigorously develop elderly care, domestic, property management, medical and healthcare services.We will encourage consumer spending on cultural activities, tourism, and fitness;and implement the system of paid vacations.We will actively develop new forms of consumption such as online shopping;support and guide the consumption of green goods such as environmentally friendly building materials, water-saving sanitation products, and energy-efficient vehicles;and expand consumer credit.We will improve the urban-rural logistics system and infrastructural facilities, such as roads and parking lots, strengthen supervision over product quality and safety, improve the consumption environment, and safeguard consumers' legitimate rights and interests.不断优化投资结构。保持投资稳定增长，促进投资和消费良性互动。认真落实《国务院关于鼓励和引导民间投资健康发展的若干意见》，出台具有可操作性的实施细则。加强政府投资对结构调整的引领作用，优先保证重点在建、续建项目，有序推进国家重大项目开工建设。把好土地、信贷、节能、环保、安全、质量等准入和审核关，加强对重大项目特别是政府和国有投资项目的监管、督查，提高投资质量和效益。

We will continue to improve the investment structure.We will maintain the steady growth of investment and use investment to promote consumption and vice versa.We will fully implement the Guidelines of the State Council on Encouraging and Guiding the Sound Development of Nongovernmental Investment and adopt specific operating rules for their implementation.We will strengthen the role of government investment in guiding adjustment of the economic structure, ensure funding for key projects that are under construction or expansion, and begin construction on major national projects in an orderly manner.We will tighten standards on market access and the screening and approval process relating to land, credit, energy conservation, environmental protection, safety, and quality;and strengthen supervision and inspections of major projects, particularly those undertaken by governments and state-owned firms, to improve the quality of and returns on such investments.（二）保持物价总水平基本稳定

2.Keeping overall prices basically stable 这是关系群众利益和经济社会发展全局的重点工作。要在有效实施宏观经济政策、管好货币信贷总量、促进社会总供求基本平衡的基础上，搞好价格调控，防止物价反弹。

This is a key task affecting the people's interests and China's overall economic and social development.We will control prices and prevent inflation from rebounding by effectively carrying out macroeconomic policies, managing the supply of money and credit, and striving for basic equilibrium in aggregate supply and demand.增加生产、保障供给。继续把抑制食品价格过快上涨作为稳定物价的重点。落实好“米袋子”省长负责制和“菜篮子”市长负责制，保障主要农产品供给。大中城市要有合理的菜地保有量，稳定和提高本地应季蔬菜自给水平，同周边地区和优势产区协作建设“菜篮子”产品基地。加强重要商品产运销衔接，完善政府储备和商业储备体系，做好主要农产品收储和投放，增强市场调控能力。

We will increase production and ensure supply.We will continue to make curbing excessive rises in food prices a priority of stabilizing prices.We will effectively carry out the practice of holding provincial governors responsible for the “rice bag”(grain supply)and city mayors for the “vegetable basket”(non-grain food supply)and ensure the supply of major farm products.Large and medium-sized cities should have sufficient farmland for growing vegetables, maintain and raise the proportion of seasonal vegetables sold there that are grown locally, and develop vegetable production bases in collaboration with neighboring areas and areas with suitable conditions.We will strengthen coordination of the production, transportation, and sale of important commodities;improve systems of government reserves and commercial reserves;do a good job purchasing, storing and marketing major agricultural products;and regulate the market better.搞活流通、降低成本。严格执行蔬菜等鲜活农产品运输绿色通道政策。认真落实对农产品批发市场、集贸市场、社区平价菜店等的扶持政策，鼓励城市连锁超市、高校、大型企业、社区与农产品流通企业、专业合作社、种养大户对接，减少流通环节，增加零售网点，充分发挥流通主渠道作用。深化流通体制改革。扩大物流企业营业税差额纳税试点范围，完善大宗商品仓储设施用地税收政策。调整完善部分农产品批发、零售增值税政策，推动流通标准化、信息化建设。要多管齐下，切实把流通效率提上去、中间成本降下来，真正让生产者和消费者都得到好处。

We will improve distribution and reduce distribution costs.We will ensure that the green channel policy for transporting vegetables and other fresh farm products is fully implemented.We will carry out policies to support wholesale agricultural product markets, market fairs, and community-based, low-priced vegetable stores.We will encourage urban chain supermarkets, universities, large enterprises, and communities to establish direct supply contacts with farm product distributors, specialized farmer cooperatives, and large family farms.We will also reduce distribution links and increase retail outlets so that they can play a leading role in distribution.We will deepen reform of the distribution system.We will expand trials of a tax on the income of logistics enterprises after deductions, and improve tax policies on the use of land occupied by facilities for storing major commodities.We will adjust and improve VAT policies for the wholesale and retail of some agricultural products, and promote standardized and information-based distribution.We will adopt a full range of measures to make distribution more efficient and cost-effective so as to benefit both producers and consumers.加强监管、规范秩序。重点加强对食品、药品价格和医疗、通信、教育等服务收费的监督检查，坚决治理交通运输领域乱收费乱罚款，纠正大型零售商业企业违规收费行为，严厉查处发布虚假信息、囤积居奇、操纵价格、恶意炒作等违法行为。把握好舆论导向，正确引导社会预期。

We will tighten oversight and ensure market order.We will give high priority to strengthening oversight and inspection of food and drug prices as well as fees and charges for medical, communications, and educational services;put an end to unauthorized collection of charges and fines in the transportation sector;stop large commercial retailers from illegally collecting fees;and crack down on illegal practices such as releasing false information, hoarding and profiteering, manipulating prices, and speculation.We will lead public opinion and correctly guide public expectations of price movements.（三）促进农业稳定发展和农民持续增收

3.Promoting steady growth of agriculture and sustained increases in rural incomes 在工业化和城镇化发展进程中，要更加重视农业现代化。必须坚持把解决好“三农”问题作为各项工作的重中之重，进一步加大强农惠农富农政策力度，巩固和发展农业农村好形势。We need to pay even greater attention to modernizing agriculture in the course of industrialization and urbanization.We must continue to make solving problems related to agriculture, rural areas, and farmers a top priority in all of our work;increase policy support to strengthen agriculture, benefit farmers, and enrich rural areas;and consolidate and build upon achievements in the development of agriculture and rural areas.稳定发展农业生产，多渠道增加农民收入。继续开展粮食稳定增产行动，稳定粮食种植面积，着力提高单产。引导农民调整结构，扩大紧缺、优质农产品生产，支持蔬菜、肉蛋奶、水产品等生产。农业补贴要继续增加总量，提高标准，扩大范围，完善机制，新增补贴重点向种养大户、农民专业合作社及各种生产服务组织倾斜。继续提高粮食最低收购价，今年小麦、稻谷最低收购价平均每50公斤分别提高7．4元和16元。健全主产区利益补偿机制，增加粮油、生猪等重要农产品生产大县奖励补助资金。实施新10年农村扶贫开发纲要，按照新的国家扶贫标准，全面做好扶贫开发工作，加大集中连片特殊困难地区扶贫开发力度，让扶贫对象更多地分享改革发展成果。

We will steadily develop agricultural production and increase farmers' incomes by various means.We will continue to carry out activities to steadily increase grain production, keep the area of land sown to grain crops stable, and increase per-unit yields.We will guide farmers to adjust their mix of crops or livestock, and produce more farm products that are high in quality or short in supply.We will support the production of vegetables, meat, eggs, milk, and aquatic products.We will continue to increase agricultural subsidies, raise their standard, expand their coverage, improve mechanisms for issuing them, and direct new subsidy increases mainly to large family farms, specialized farmer cooperatives, and producer-oriented service organizations.We will continue to raise the minimum purchase price for grain, and we will raise the average floor prices for wheat and rice by 7.4 yuan and 16 yuan per 50 kilograms, respectively.We will improve the mechanism for subsidizing major growing areas and increase rewards and subsidies to major counties that produce important agricultural products such as grain, oilseed, and hogs.We will implement the 2011-2020 rural poverty alleviation and development program and, in accordance with the new national standards for poverty alleviation, do a good job of all poverty alleviation and development work, and step up our work in contiguous areas with particular difficulties to ensure that people in poverty share more fruits of reform and development.加快农业科技进步。农业的根本出路在科技。要大力推动农业科技创新，加大对良种繁育、疫病防控、农产品质量安全等关键技术研发和应用的支持力度。加快推进基层农技推广服务体系改革和建设，健全乡镇或区域性农业公共服务机构。完善农业技术补贴制度，促进先进适用农业技术到田到户。建好现代农业示范区，推进高产创建和标准化创建。加快农业机械化步伐。

We will speed up progress in agricultural science and technology.The fundamental way to develop agriculture is through science and technology.We will vigorously promote innovations in agro-science and increase support for R&D on and the application of key technologies for cultivating superior varieties and breeds, preventing and controlling animal and plant epidemics, and ensuring the quality and safety of agricultural products.We will accelerate reform and development of the service system for spreading agricultural technology in villages, and improve public service agricultural agencies in townships, towns, and regions.We will improve the system for subsidizing agricultural technologies and encourage farmers to use advanced and appropriate agricultural technologies.We will develop modern agriculture demonstration sites, encourage farmers to grow high-yield crops, promote the standardization of farming techniques, and accelerate agricultural mechanization.加强农业农村基础设施建设。今年中央财政用于“三农”的投入拟安排12287亿元，比上年增加1868亿元。要搞好灌区配套改造和小型农田水利建设，大力发展节水农业，加大土地开发整理复垦力度，大规模建设旱涝保收高标准基本农田。加快中小河流治理、小型水库除险加固和山洪地质灾害综合防治。加强农村水电路气以及文化体育等基础设施建设，推进农村环境治理，加快农村危房改造，继续改善农村生产生活条件。

We will strengthen agricultural and rural infrastructure.The central government plans to allocate 1.2287 trillion yuan for agriculture, rural areas and farmers, 186.8 billion yuan more than last year.With these funds we will build and upgrade water-saving facilities in irrigated areas and build more small water conservancy projects, and vigorously develop water-efficient agriculture.We will intensify efforts to develop, improve, and reclaim rural land and develop on a large scale basic farmland that meets high drought and flood resistance standards.We will take speedy steps to harness small and medium-sized rivers, reinforce small aging reservoirs, and take comprehensive measures to prevent and mitigate geological disasters caused by mountain torrents.We will continue to improve working and living conditions in rural areas by strengthening infrastructure such as water, power, and methane supply facilities, roads, and cultural and sports venues, and by cleaning up the environment and renovating dilapidated houses more quickly.深化农村改革。坚持农村基本经营制度不动摇。要认真搞好土地确权登记颁证。土地承包经营权、宅基地使用权、集体收益分配权是法律赋予农民的财产权利，任何人都不能侵犯。加强土地承包经营权流转管理和服务，发展适度规模经营。严格保护耕地。制定出台农村集体土地征收补偿条例。扶持发展农民专业合作社、产业化龙头企业，开展多种形式的农业社会化服务，发展农业保险，提高农业产业化、组织化程度。深化农村综合改革。推进国有农场、林场体制改革，继续深化集体林权制度改革。

We will deepen rural reform.We will uphold the basic rural operation system.We will work diligently to determine, register, and certify land ownership.Farmers' rights to the land they contract to work on, to the land on which their houses sit, and to proceeds from collective undertakings are property rights conferred by law, and these rights must not to be violated by anyone.We will provide better supervision and services for the transfer of contracted land-use rights, and develop farming operations on an appropriately large scale.We will place farmland under strict protection, and formulate and promulgate regulations concerning compensation for the expropriation of rural collective land.We will support large-scale farming by specialized farmer cooperatives and leading enterprises, encourage various sectors of society to provide services for agriculture, develop agricultural insurance, and increase commercialization and specialization in agriculture.We will deepen comprehensive rural reform.We will also reform systems for managing state-owned farms and forest farms and continue to deepen reform of tenure in collective forests.（四）加快转变经济发展方式

4.Accelerating the transformation of the pattern of economic development 解决发展不平衡、不协调、不可持续的问题，关键在于加快转变经济发展方式，推进经济结构战略性调整，这既是一个长期过程，也是当前最紧迫的任务。

The key to solving the problems of imbalanced, uncoordinated, and unsustainable development is to accelerate the transformation of the pattern of economic development and carry out strategic adjustment of the economic restructure.This is both a long-term task and our most pressing task at present.促进产业结构优化升级。推动战略性新兴产业健康发展。建立促进新能源利用的机制，加强统筹规划、项目配套、政策引导，扩大国内需求，防止太阳能、风电设备制造能力的盲目扩张。发展新一代信息技术，加强网络基础设施建设，推动三网融合取得实质性进展。大力发展高端装备制造、节能环保、生物医药、新能源汽车、新材料等产业。扩大技改专项资金规模，促进传统产业改造升级。以汽车、钢铁、造船、水泥等行业为重点，控制增量，优化存量，推动企业兼并重组，提高产业集中度和规模效益。落实并完善促进小型微型企业发展的政策，进一步减轻企业负担，激发科技型小型微型企业发展活力。实施有利于服务业发展的财税、金融政策，支持社会资本进入服务业，促进服务业发展提速、比重提高、水平提升。We will improve and upgrade the industrial structure.We will promote the sound development of strategic emerging industries.We will accelerate the establishment of mechanisms that promote the use of new energy sources;strengthen overall planning, auxiliary projects and policy guidance;and expand domestic demand.We will prevent blind expansion in our capacity to manufacture solar energy and wind power equipment.We will develop next-generation information technology, strengthen network infrastructure, and make substantive progress in integrating the telecommunications network, the radio and television broadcasting network, and the Internet.We will energetically develop the high-end equipment manufacturing, energy conservation, environmental protection, biopharmaceuticals, new-energy vehicles, and new materials industries.We will increase funding for technological upgrading projects, and press ahead with the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries.We will control increases in production capacity, improve existing production facilities, encourage enterprise mergers and reorganizations, and increase industrial concentration and economies of scale, with the focus on the automobile, steel, shipbuilding, and cement industries.We will implement and improve policies to promote the growth of small and micro businesses, further reduce burdens on enterprises, and promote the vibrant growth of small and micro high-tech enterprises.We will implement fiscal, taxation, and financial policies that facilitate the development of the service sector and encourage nongovernmental investment in this sector, in order to promote faster development of the sector, increase its share in the economy, and facilitate its upgrading.推进节能减排和生态环境保护。节能减排的关键是节约能源，提高能效，减少污染。要抓紧制定出台合理控制能源消费总量工作方案，加快理顺能源价格体系。综合运用经济、法律和必要的行政手段，突出抓好工业、交通、建筑、公共机构、居民生活等重点领域和千家重点耗能企业节能减排，进一步淘汰落后产能。加强用能管理，发展智能电网和分布式能源，实施节能发电调度、合同能源管理、政府节能采购等行之有效的管理方式。优化能源结构，推动传统能源清洁高效利用，安全高效发展核电，积极发展水电，加快页岩气勘查、开发攻关，提高新能源和可再生能源比重。加强能源通道建设。深入贯彻节约资源和保护环境基本国策。开展节能认证和能效标识监督检查，鼓励节能、节水、节地、节材和资源综合利用，大力发展循环经济。加强环境保护，着力解决重金属、饮用水源、大气、土壤、海洋污染等关系民生的突出环境问题。努力减少农业面源污染。严格监管危险化学品。今年在京津冀、长三角、珠三角等重点区域以及直辖市和省会城市开展细颗粒物（PM2．5）等项目监测，2015年覆盖所有地级以上城市。推进生态建设，建立健全生态补偿机制，促进生态保护和修复，巩固天然林保护、退耕还林还草、退牧还草成果，加强草原生态建设，大力开展植树造林，推进荒漠化、石漠化、坡耕地治理，严格保护江河源、湿地、湖泊等重要生态功能区。加强适应气候变化特别是应对极端气候事件能力建设，提高防灾减灾能力。坚持共同但有区别的责任原则和公平原则，建设性推动应对气候变化国际谈判进程。我们要用行动昭告世界，中国绝不靠牺牲生态环境和人民健康来换取经济增长，我们一定能走出一条生产发展、生活富裕、生态良好的文明发展道路。

We will conserve energy, reduce emissions, and protect the ecological environment.The key to conserving energy and reducing emissions is to save energy, improve energy efficiency, and reduce pollution.We will promptly formulate and promulgate a work plan for appropriately controlling total energy consumption, and move quickly to base the energy pricing system on the market.We will use economic, legal, and the necessary administrative means to conserve energy and reduce emissions in key areas such as manufacturing, transportation, construction, public institutions, and people's homes, and in 1,000 key energy-intensive enterprises;and close down more outdated production facilities.We will tighten supervision of energy use, develop smart power grids and ensure the proper distribution of energy supplies, and implement effective administrative practices such as efficient electricity generation and distribution, energy performance contracting, and government procurement of energy-efficient goods and services.We will optimize the energy structure, promote clean and efficient use of traditional energy, safely and effectively develop nuclear power, actively develop hydroelectric power, tackle key problems more quickly in the exploration and development of shale gas, and increase the share of new energy and renewable energy in total energy consumption.We will step up the construction of energy transportation routes.We will thoroughly implement the basic state policy of conserving resources and protecting the environment.We will carry out certification of energy-efficient products and oversight and inspection of energy efficiency labeling;encourage economical use of energy, water, land, and materials as well as comprehensive use of resources;and vigorously develop a circular economy.We will strengthen environmental protection;strive to solve major environmental problems that directly affect people's lives, such as heavy metals, drinking water sources, air, soil, and marine pollution;reduce pollution from non-point agricultural sources;and put hazardous chemicals under strict oversight and supervision.We will start monitoring fine particulate matter(PM2.5)in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River delta, the Pearl River delta and other key areas as well as in municipalities directly under the central government and provincial capital cities, and extend the practice to all cities at and above the prefectural level by 2015.We will improve the ecology, establish a sound system of compensation for ecological damage, strengthen ecological protection and restoration, and consolidate achievements in protecting virgin forests, turning vulnerable farmland into forests and grasslands, and stopping grazing to let grasslands recover.We will strengthen grassland ecological conservation;vigorously carry out afforestation;make progress in dealing with desertification and stony deserts and in improving terraced farmland;and strictly protect river sources, wetlands, lakes, and other priority functional ecological zones.We will strengthen capacity building to adapt to climate change, and especially to respond to extreme climate events, and improve our ability to prevent and mitigate natural disasters.We will uphold the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and the principle of fairness, and play a constructive role in promoting international talks on climate change.We will show the world with our actions that China will never seek economic growth at the expense of its ecological environment and public health.We are definitely capable of taking a path of civilized development which ensures that production increases, people's living standards rise, and we live in a good ecological environment.促进区域经济协调发展。实施区域发展总体战略和主体功能区规划，充分发挥各地特色和优势，进一步提高区域发展的协调性和基本公共服务均等化水平。认真落实西部大开发新10年的政策措施，加大实施中部地区崛起战略的力度，加快推进东北地区等老工业基地振兴，积极支持东部地区转型发展、在更高层次上参与国际竞争与合作。要加大对革命老区、民族地区、边疆地区和贫困地区的扶持力度。更好地发挥经济特区、上海浦东新区、天津滨海新区在改革开放中先行先试的重要作用。制定和实施海洋发展战略，促进海洋经济发展。加强和完善跨区域合作机制，消除市场壁垒，促进要素流动，引导产业有序转移，推动区域经济良性互动、协调发展。

We will enhance balanced economic development among regions.We will implement the master strategy for regional development and the plan for developing functional zones, give full play to the distinctive strengths of each region, better coordinate development among regions, and make delivery of basic public services more equitable.We will conscientiously implement the policies and measures for the large-scale development of the western region in the new decade, work even harder to implement the strategy for the rise of the central region, more quickly revitalize the old industrial bases in northeast China, and actively support the eastern region in transforming its economy and participating in international competition and cooperation at a higher level.We will increase support to old revolutionary base areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas, and poverty-stricken areas.We will encourage special economic zones, the Pudong New Area in Shanghai, and the Binhai New Area in Tianjin to better play their role of leading the way and exploring new paths in reform and opening up.We will formulate and implement a strategy for marine development, and promote the development of the marine economy.We will strengthen and improve inter-regional cooperation mechanisms, remove market barriers, facilitate the flow of factors of production, guide the orderly transfer of industries, and promote mutually reinforcing and coordinated economic development among regions.积极稳妥推进城镇化。要遵循城市发展规律，从各地实际出发，促进大中小城市和小城镇协调发展。根据资源环境和人口承载能力，优化全国生产力布局，形成合理的城镇体系和与国土规模、资源分布、发展潜力相适应的人口布局。各类城市都要夯实经济基础，创造就业机会，完善基础设施，改善人居环境，加强管理服务，提升城镇化质量和水平。更加注重把在城镇稳定就业和居住的农民工有序转变为城镇居民；放宽中小城市落户条件，合理引导人口流向，让更多农村富余劳动力就近转移就业。加强对农民工的人文关怀和服务，着力解决农民工在就业服务、社会保障、子女入园上学、住房租购等方面的实际问题，逐步将城镇基本公共服务覆盖到农民工。关爱留守儿童、留守妇女和留守老人。让农民无论进城还是留乡，都能安居乐业、幸福生活。

We will actively yet prudently promote urbanization.We will promote the coordinated development of large, medium-sized, and small cities as well as small towns in light of local conditions and in accordance with the laws governing urban development.On the basis of the carrying capacity of China's resources, environment and population, we will improve the distribution of the productive forces across the country, develop cities and towns rationally, and ensure that the geographical distribution of the population is suited to land availability, resources distribution, and development potential.We will strengthen the economic foundation and create job opportunities in all cities, improve their infrastructure and living environment, strengthen urban management and services, and raise the quality and level of urbanization.We will give higher priority to registering rural migrant workers with stable jobs and permanent homes in cities or towns as permanent urban residents in an orderly manner.We will relax eligibility for registering as urban households in small and medium-sized cities, guide the rational flow of the population, and enable more surplus rural workers to find nonagricultural employment in nearby towns and cities.We should care more deeply for rural migrant workers and provide more services to them;resolve difficulties they have in securing employment services, obtaining social security benefits, getting their children enrolled in preschools and schools, and renting or purchasing homes;and gradually extend to them basic public services that are available to urban residents.We will take care of children, women and old people who are left behind by rural migrant workers who work in cities.We will enable rural residents to enjoy a happy life whether they go to the city or stay in the countryside.（五）深入实施科教兴国战略和人才强国战略

5.Thoroughly implementing the strategies of developing China through science and education and strengthening the country through human resource development 大力发展科技、教育事业，培养高素质的人才队伍，是国家强盛、民族复兴的必由之路。To make China prosperous and strong and achieve the revival of the Chinese nation, we need to vigorously develop science, technology, and education and create a high-quality talent pool.坚持优先发展教育。中央财政已按全国财政性教育经费支出占国内生产总值的4%编制预算，地方财政要相应安排，确保实现这一目标。教育经费要突出保障重点，加强薄弱环节，提高使用效益。深入推进教育体制改革，加强教师队伍建设，大力实施素质教育，逐步解决考试招生、教育教学等方面的突出问题。推进学校民主管理，逐步形成制度。促进义务教育均衡发展，资源配置要向中西部、农村、边远、民族地区和城市薄弱学校倾斜。继续花大气力推动解决择校、入园等人民群众关心的热点难点问题。农村中小学布局要因地制宜，处理好提高教育质量和方便孩子们就近上学的关系。办好农村寄宿学校，实施好农村义务教育学生营养改善计划。加强校车和校园安全管理，确保孩子们的人身安全。加强学前教育、继续教育和特殊教育，建设现代职业教育体系。办好民族教育。高等教育要与经济社会发展和国家战略需要紧密结合，提高教育质量和创新能力。完善国家助学制度，逐步将中等职业教育免学费政策覆盖到所有农村学生，扩大普通高中家庭经济困难学生资助范围。大力发展民办教育，鼓励和引导社会资本进入各级各类教育领域。教育寄托着人民的希望，关系国家的未来，我们一定要把这项事业办得更好！

We will continue to give high priority to developing education.The central government has already prepared its budget to meet the requirement that government spending on education accounts for 4% of China's GDP, and local governments should act accordingly to ensure that this target is reached.Funds for education must be used to meet the funding requirements in key areas and strengthen weak links so that they yield better results.We will deepen reform of the educational system, strengthen the corps of teachers, energetically implement well-rounded education, and gradually resolve major problems in examination and enrollment, and in education and teaching.We will carry forward and gradually institutionalize democratic school management.We will promote the balanced development of compulsory education and give preference to schools in the central and western regions, rural areas, remote areas, and ethnic minority areas, and to weak urban schools when allocating resources.We will continue to make great efforts to ease contentious issues of great concern to the people, including paying to enroll one's children in better schools and the shortage of preschools.We will arrange the location of rural primary and secondary schools in light of local conditions, and ensure there is a proper balance between improving the quality of education and placing schools closer to children.We will run rural boarding schools well, and implement the plan for improving nutrition for rural students receiving compulsory education.We will enhance school bus and campus safety to ensure children's safety.We will strengthen preschool, continuing and special education, develop a modern vocational education system, and do a good job educating ethnic minority students.Higher education should better meet the needs of economic and social development and China's strategic requirements, and improve its quality and capacity for making innovations.We will improve the state financial aid system for students by gradually making all rural students exempt from paying tuition for secondary vocational education, and by granting financial aid to more students from poor families who attend regular senior secondary schools.We will vigorously develop privately run schools and encourage and guide nongovernmental investment in all types of schools at all levels.The people place their hopes on education, and education is crucial for China's future, so we must achieve even better results in this work.大力推进科技创新。加强国家创新体系建设。深化科技体制改革，推动企业成为技术创新主体，促进科技与经济紧密结合。支持企业加强研发中心建设，承担国家和地区重大科技项目。引导科研机构、高等院校的科研力量为企业技术创新服务，更好地实现产学研有机结合，提高科技成果转化和产业化水平。推动基础研究和前沿技术研究，提高原始创新能力。完善科技评价和奖励制度。倡导学术诚信，鼓励独立思考，保障学术自由，弘扬科学精神。坚定不移地实施国家知识产权战略。We will vigorously boost innovation in science and technology.We will strengthen the national innovation system.We will deepen reform of the management system for science and technology, spur enterprises to become the main source of technological innovation, and more closely integrate science and technology with the economy.We will support enterprises in developing R&D centers and undertaking major national and regional science and technology projects.We will guide research institutes and researchers in universities in providing services to enterprises' technological innovation centers so that enterprises, universities, and research institutes can work more closely together to increase the industrial application of scientific and technological advances.We will boost basic research and research in cutting-edge technologies, and improve our capacity to make original innovations.We will improve the evaluation and incentive system for scientific and technological advances.We will advocate academic integrity, encourage independent thinking, ensure academic freedom, and foster a scientific spirit.We will unwaveringly implement the national strategy on intellectual property rights.全面加强人才工作。深化人才体制改革，大力培养造就高水平创新创业人才、青年人才和急需紧缺人才，引进高层次人才。完善人才培养、任用、评价、激励机制。努力营造人才辈出、人尽其才、才尽其用的良好社会环境。

We will comprehensively strengthen human resource work.We will deepen reform of the personnel management system;energetically train high-level innovative and entrepreneurial personnel, talented young people, and personnel who are urgently needed and in short supply;and attract talented personnel from overseas.We will improve the mechanism for training, employing, evaluating, and giving incentives to talented personnel, and create a favorable social environment for them to come to the fore in large numbers and tap their full potential.（六）切实保障和改善民生

6.Ensuring and improving the people's wellbeing 实现好、维护好、发展好最广大人民的根本利益是以人为本理念的具体体现。要把保障和改善民生作为政府工作的重要任务。

Putting people first is about realizing, upholding, and promoting their fundamental interests.We will make ensuring and improving their wellbeing an important task in the work of the government.千方百计扩大就业。就业是关系国家发展和人民福祉的大事。今年就业压力仍然很大，各级政府务必坚持就业优先战略，继续实施更加积极的就业政策。重点扶持就业容量大的服务业、创新型科技企业和小型微型企业，创造更多就业岗位。鼓励以创业带动就业。抓好高校毕业生、农民工和城镇就业困难人员就业，加强退役军人技能培训与就业安置工作。鼓励高校毕业生投身农村、基层、中西部地区建设。加强职业培训和公共就业服务工作。加快建立健全统一规范灵活的人力资源市场。积极构建和谐劳动关系，加强对劳务派遣的规范管理，开展劳动关系争议排查，加强劳动监察和调解仲裁，维护劳动者合法权益。

We will make every effort to increase employment.Employment is of great importance to China's development and the people's wellbeing.We will continue to face great employment pressure this year, and governments at all levels must continue to follow the strategy of giving top priority to employment and more actively implement employment policies.We will give high priority to supporting service industries, innovative high-tech enterprises, and small and micro businesses that employ large numbers of people so as to create more jobs.We will encourage the creation of new businesses to stimulate employment.We will help college graduates, rural migrant workers and urban residents having difficulty finding jobs find employment, and strengthen technical training for ex-soldiers and help them find jobs and settle down.We will encourage college graduates to pursue careers in rural areas, local communities and the central and western regions.We will strengthen vocational training and public employment services.We will accelerate development of a sound, unified, standardized, and flexible human resources market.We will promote harmonious labor relations, increase supervision of labor dispatch, settle labor relations disputes, and intensify supervision, mediation, and arbitration of labor disputes to protect the legitimate rights and interests of employees.加快完善社会保障体系。今年年底前实现新型农村社会养老保险和城镇居民社会养老保险制度全覆盖。扩大各项社会保险覆盖面。增加企业退休人员基本养老金。加强城乡低保和社会救助工作，加快发展社会福利事业和慈善事业。加强各项社会保障制度衔接。多渠道增加社会保障基金，加强社会保险基金、社会保障基金投资监管，实现保值增值。加强社保服务能力建设，有条件的地方可对各类社保经办机构进行整合归并，有些服务可委托银行、商业保险机构代办。加快全国统一的社会保障卡发放。

We will accelerate improvements to the social security system.By the end of the year, we will have achieved full coverage of the new old-age pension system for rural residents and the old-age pension system for non-working urban residents.We will expand coverage of all types of social insurance.We will raise the basic pension for enterprise retirees.We will increase urban and rural subsistence allowances and social aid, and accelerate development of social welfare programs and charities.We will better coordinate all aspects of the social safety net.We will increase the social security fund through a variety of channels, and strengthen oversight and supervision of investment from the social insurance fund and social security fund to increase their value.We will strengthen capacity building for social security services, allow localities where conditions permit to integrate and merge social security agencies, and entrust some services to banks or commercial insurance institutions.We will accelerate the work of introducing all-in-one national social security cards.大力推进医药卫生事业改革发展。加快健全全民医保体系，巩固扩大基本医保覆盖面，提高基本医疗保障水平和管理服务水平。城镇居民医保和新农合补助标准提高到每人每年240元。全面推开尿毒症等8类大病保障，将肺癌等12类大病纳入保障和救助试点范围。巩固完善基本药物制度，加强基层医疗卫生服务体系建设。推进公立医院改革，实行医药分开、管办分开，破除以药补医机制。鼓励引导社会资本办医，加快形成对外开放的多元办医格局。充分调动医务工作者积极性，建立和谐的医患关系。加强公共卫生服务，预防控制严重威胁群众健康的重大传染病、慢性病、职业病。加强药品安全工作。扶持和促进中医药和民族医药事业发展。

We will vigorously promote the development and reform of medical and healthcare services.We will move faster to improve the medical insurance system covering the whole population, consolidate and expand the coverage of basic medical insurance, and enhance our capability to provide and manage basic medical services.We will raise subsidies for medical insurance for non-working urban residents and the new type of rural cooperative medical care system to 240 yuan per person per year.We will fully introduce social insurance against uraemia and seven other major diseases and include lung cancer and 11 other major diseases in the pilot program to provide insurance and aid for their treatment.We will consolidate and improve the system for basic drugs and improve the community-level medical and health care system.We will push forward reform of public hospitals, so that medical care is separated from pharmacy operations, government management is separated from hospital operations, and the practice of using pharmacy profits to subsidize medical services is ended.We will encourage and guide nongovernmental investment in hospitals, and speed up the creation of a system of hospitals with diversified ownership that is open to foreign participation.We will boost the morale of medical workers and build harmonious relations between doctors and patients.We will improve public health services and prevent and control major communicable, chronic and occupational diseases that pose a major health hazard.We will tighten control over drug safety.We will support and promote the development of traditional Chinese medicine and the medical practices of ethnic minorities.全面做好人口和计划生育工作。继续稳定低生育水平，综合治理出生人口性别比偏高问题，提高出生人口质量。加快实现计划生育优质服务全覆盖，将免费孕前优生健康检查试点范围扩大到60%的县（市、区）。提高农村部分计划生育家庭奖励扶助、特殊扶助标准。加强流动人口计划生育服务管理。做好妇女儿童工作，扩大农村妇女宫颈癌、乳腺癌免费检查覆盖面，提高妇女儿童发展和权益保障水平。进一步完善残疾人社会保障体系和服务体系。积极发展老龄事业，加快建设社会养老服务体系，努力让城乡老年人都老有所养，幸福安度晚年。We will comprehensively carry out work relating to population and family planning.We will continue to keep the birthrate low, redress gender imbalance through various means, and improve the health of infants.We will achieve full coverage of quality family planning services more quickly than planned and extend the trial program of free pre-pregnancy checkups to 60% of China's counties and county-level cities and districts.We will increase the rewards and special assistance to the rural families that observe the state's family planning policy.We will increase family planning services to the floating population and improve management of such services.We will do our work related to women and children well.We will extend free cervical cancer and breast cancer screening to more rural women, improve the wellbeing of women and children and better guarantee their rights and interests.We will further improve the social security system and the system of services for people with disabilities.We will actively develop programs for the elderly and accelerate development of a system of social services for urban and rural seniors so they can live their later years in contentment.继续搞好房地产市场调控和保障性安居工程建设。严格执行并逐步完善抑制投机、投资性需求的政策措施，进一步巩固调控成果，促进房价合理回归。继续推进保障性安居工程建设，在确保质量的前提下，基本建成500万套，新开工700万套以上。抓紧完善保障性住房建设、分配、管理、退出等制度。采取有效措施，增加普通商品住房供给。加快建设城镇住房信息系统，改革房地产税收制度，促进房地产市场长期平稳健康发展。

We will continue to regulate the real estate market and develop low-income housing.We will strictly implement and gradually improve policies and measures for discouraging speculative or investment-driven housing demand, build on progress made in regulating the real estate market, and bring property prices down to a reasonable level.We will continue to develop low-income housing, and basically complete five million units and start construction on over seven million units, ensuring they are built to a high standard.We will work speedily to improve the system for constructing, allocating, managing, and recalling low-income housing units.We will take effective measures to increase supply of regular commodity housing.We will accelerate development of an urban housing information system and reform the real estate tax system to promote long-term, steady, and sound growth of the real estate market.加强和创新社会管理。加强社会矛盾化解、社会管理创新、公正廉洁执法。强化政府社会管理和公共服务职能。提高城乡基层群众性自治组织的自治能力。发挥社会组织在社会管理中的积极作用。积极稳妥推进户籍管理制度改革，推动实行居住证制度，为流动人口提供更好服务。以信息共享、互联互通为重点，加快建设国家电子政务网。大力推进政务诚信、商务诚信、社会诚信建设，构建覆盖全社会的征信系统。加强和改进互联网管理，营造健康的网络环境。健全重大决策社会稳定风险评估机制和突发事件应急管理机制。实施安全发展战略，加强安全生产监管，防止重特大事故发生。深入开展打击侵犯知识产权和制售假冒伪劣商品行动。增强食品安全监管能力，提高食品安全水平。加强和改进信访工作，健全群众利益诉求表达机制。加强法律服务和法律援助。严密防范和依法打击违法犯罪活动，保障人民群众生命财产安全。

We will strengthen and make innovations in social administration.We will work hard to resolve social conflicts, make innovations in social administration, and enforce the law impartially and with integrity.We will strengthen government functions for conducting social administration and providing public services.We will strengthen the self-governing capabilities of rural and urban community self-governing organizations.We will get social organizations to play an active role in social administration.We will actively yet prudently carry forward the reform of the household registration system, implement the residence permit system, and provide better services to the floating population.We will accelerate the development of a national e-government network, with the focus on sharing information and achieving national interconnectivity.We will vigorously give impetus to government, business, and public integrity, and create a credit information system for the whole society.We will strengthen and improve management of the Internet and foster a healthy cyberspace environment.We will improve the mechanism for assessing risks major policy decisions may pose for social stability and the mechanism for managing responses to emergencies.We will implement the strategy of ensuring safety in development, tighten oversight over workplace safety, and prevent the occurrence of serious and major accidents.We will carry out an intense crackdown on violations of intellectual property rights and the manufacture and sale of counterfeit or substandard goods.We will enhance our food safety oversight capability and raise the level of food safety.We will strengthen and improve the handling of public complaints made through letters and visits and improve the mechanism whereby the masses express appeals concerning matters affecting their interests.We will strengthen legal services and assistance.We will be on high alert for and crack down on crime in accordance with the law to protect people's lives and property.（七）促进文化大发展大繁荣

7.Promoting the great development and flourishing of culture 文化是人类的精神家园，优秀文化传承是一个民族生生不息的血脉。要提供优质丰富的文化产品，不断满足人民群众的精神文化需求。深入推进社会主义核心价值体系建设。加强社会公德、职业道德、家庭美德和个人品德教育，做好青少年思想道德教育工作，努力形成知荣辱、讲正气、守诚信、作奉献、促和谐的良好风尚。大力发展公益性文化事业。以农村和中西部地区为重点，加强基层文化设施建设。推动哲学社会科学繁荣发展，积极发展新闻出版、广播影视、文学艺术和档案事业。加强文化遗产保护，繁荣发展少数民族文化事业。深化文化体制改革，继续推动经营性文化单位转企改制。提高文化产业规模化、集约化、专业化水平，推动文化产业成为国民经济支柱性产业。深入开展对外人文交流，促进中外文化相互借鉴。广泛开展全民健身活动，增强人民体质，促进体育事业和体育产业协调发展。中华文化具有强大的向心力和震撼力，当代中华儿女一定要肩负起弘扬中华文化的历史重任。

Culture gives human beings a sense of belonging, and passing on fine culture is essential in maintaining the everlasting vitality of a nation.We will provide a large quantity of high-quality cultural products to meet people's demand for culture.We will intensively promote development of the system of core socialist values.We will strengthen education with regard to social codes of conduct, professional ethics, family virtues, and individual integrity.We will educate children and young people about values and strive to create a social atmosphere that promotes morality, integrity, dedication, and harmony.We will vigorously promote nonprofit cultural services and strengthen cultural infrastructure in communities, particularly in rural areas and the central and western regions.We will promote the flourishing of philosophy and the social sciences, and actively develop the press, publishing, radio, film, television, literature, art, and archives.We will better protect our cultural heritage and foster the flourishing of ethnic minority cultures.We will deepen reform of the cultural system and continue to transform for-profit cultural institutions into enterprises.We will make the cultural industry larger, more intensive, and more specialized;and turn it into a pillar of the economy.We will intensify cultural and people-to-people exchanges with other countries so that we learn from each other's strengths.We will extensively carry out public fitness activities to make the people healthier, and promote the balanced development of sports activities and the sports industry.Chinese culture is highly cohesive and inspiring, and we Chinese today must shoulder the historic duty of advancing it.（八）深入推进重点领域改革 8.Deepening reforms in key areas 改革开放是决定中国前途命运的正确抉择。必须按照科学发展观要求，尊重群众首创精神，大胆探索，以更大决心和勇气继续全面推进经济体制、政治体制等各项改革，破解发展难题。当前和今后一段时期，改革的重点领域和关键环节是：进一步转变政府职能，完善宏观调控体系，理顺政府与市场的关系，更好地发挥市场配置资源的基础性作用；推进财税体制改革，理顺中央与地方及地方各级政府间财政分配关系，更好地调动中央和地方两个积极性；深化土地、户籍、公共服务改革，理顺城市与农村的关系，推动工业化、城镇化和农业现代化协调发展；推进社会事业、收入分配等改革，理顺经济与社会发展的关系，有效保障社会公平正义；推进依法行政和社会管理创新，理顺政府与公民和社会组织的关系，建设服务、责任、法治、廉洁政府。今年改革的重点任务是：

Reform and opening up are the right choice we made for China's destiny and future.We must respect the people's creativity;boldly explore new ways;continue to promote all reforms, including the reform of China's economic and political systems, with greater resolve and courage;and solve complex issues in development in line with the requirements of the Scientific Outlook on Development.Now and for some time to come, reform will be focused on the following key areas and crucial links.We will further transform government functions, improve macro-controls, balance the relationship between government and the market, and make better use of the basic role of the market in allocating resources.We will advance reform of the fiscal and taxation systems, better balance the distribution of fiscal resources between the central and local governments and between all levels of local governments, and better arouse the initiative of both the central and local governments.We will deepen reforms of land, household registration and public services;balance the relationship between urban and rural areas;and promote coordinated development of industrialization, urbanization and agricultural modernization.We will carry forward reforms in social programs and income distribution, strike a balance between economic and social development, and effectively safeguard social fairness and justice.We will run the government in accordance with the law and promote innovation in social administration, properly handle the relationship among the government, citizens and social organizations, and build a service-oriented, responsible, law-based and clean government.The major tasks for reform this year are as follows: 深化财税金融体制改革。完善分税制，健全转移支付制度，提高一般性转移支付规模和比例。完善县级基本财力保障机制。稳步推进地方财政预算、决算公开。深化国库集中收付、政府采购及国债管理制度改革。健全消费税制度。全面深化资源税改革，扩大从价计征范围。深入推进国有控股大型金融机构改革，规范发展小型金融机构，健全服务小型微型企业和“三农”的体制机制。推动实施银行业新监管标准。推进建立存款保险制度。深化政策性金融机构改革。健全完善新股发行制度和退市制度，强化投资者回报和权益保护。积极发展债券市场。推进保险业改革发展。深化利率市场化改革。稳步推进人民币资本项目可兑换，扩大人民币在跨境贸易和投资中的使用。

We will deepen reform of the fiscal, taxation and financial systems.We will improve the revenue-sharing system and the system of transfer payments, and increase the scale and proportion of general transfer payments.We will improve the mechanism for ensuring basic funding for county-level governments, and make the budgets and final accounts of local governments more transparent.We will deepen reform of the systems for treasury's centralized revenue collection and expenditure payments, government procurement, and central government debt management.We will improve the excise tax system, comprehensively deepen the reform of resource taxes, and set taxes on more commodities on the basis of their prices.We will thoroughly carry out reform of large financial institutions in which the state holds the controlling stake, ensure orderly development of small financial institutions, and improve the systems and mechanisms that serve small and micro businesses as well as agriculture, rural areas and farmers.We will implement new oversight and supervision standards for the banking industry, work toward establishing a deposit insurance system, and deepen the reform of policy-based financial institutions.We will improve both initial public offerings and delistings, and ensure better protection of returns on investors' money and their rights and interests.We will actively develop the bond market, accelerate reform and development of the insurance industry, and make interest rates more market based.We will work steadily to make the RMB convertible under capital accounts and expand the use of RMB in cross-border trade and investment.推动多种所有制经济共同发展。毫不动摇地巩固和发展公有制经济，毫不动摇地鼓励、支持、引导非公有制经济发展。深入推进国有经济战略性调整，完善国有资本有进有退、合理流动机制。研究推进铁路、电力等行业改革。完善和落实促进非公有制经济发展的各项政策措施，打破垄断，放宽准入，鼓励民间资本进入铁路、市政、金融、能源、电信、教育、医疗等领域，营造各类所有制经济公平竞争、共同发展的环境。

We will promote the common development of economic entities under diverse forms of ownership.We will unwaveringly consolidate and develop the public sector and encourage, support and guide the development of the non-public sector.We will thoroughly carry out strategic adjustment of the state sector, and improve the mechanism for increasing investment of state capital in some sectors while reducing it in others to ensure its sound flow.We will promote reform of the railway and power industries.We will improve and implement policies and measures for developing the non-public sector;break up monopolies and relax restrictions on market access;encourage nongovernmental investment in railways, public utilities, finance, energy, telecommunications, education, and medical care;and create a fair environment in which economic entities under all forms of ownership can compete and develop together.深化价格改革。稳妥推进电价改革，实施居民阶梯电价改革方案，完善水电、核电及可再生能源定价机制。逐步理顺煤电价格关系。完善成品油价格改革，推进天然气价格改革。实行最严格的水资源管理制度，合理制定和调整各地水资源费征收标准，推进农业水价综合改革。开展碳排放和排污权交易试点。

We will deepen price reforms.We will prudently carry out reform of electricity prices by implementing progressive pricing for household electricity consumption and improving pricing mechanisms for nuclear power, hydropower, and power generated from other renewable energy sources.We will make the price of electricity better reflect the price of coal.We will reform the prices of refined oil products and proceed with the price reform of natural gas.We will impose the strictest control over water resources, rationally set and adjust water resource fees in different localities, and carry out integrated price reform of water used for agricultural purposes.We will start trials of trading carbon emissions and the cap-and-trade scheme for pollution rights.深化收入分配制度改革。抓紧制定收入分配体制改革总体方案。努力提高居民收入在国民收入分配中的比重，提高劳动报酬在初次分配中的比重。完善工资制度，建立工资正常增长机制，稳步提高最低工资标准。创造条件增加居民财产性收入。建立公共资源出让收益的全民共享机制。加大对高收入者的税收调节力度，严格规范国有企业、金融机构高管人员薪酬管理，扩大中等收入者比重，提高低收入者的收入，促进机会公平。规范收入分配秩序，有效保护合法收入，坚决取缔非法收入，尽快扭转收入差距扩大的趋势。

We will deepen reform of the income distribution system.We will promptly formulate a master plan for reforming the income distribution system, strive to raise the proportion of individual income in national income, and raise the proportion of remuneration in the primary distribution.We will improve the salary system, put in place a mechanism for regular salary increases, and steadily raise the minimum wage.We will create conditions to increase people's income from property.We will establish a mechanism whereby the public share the proceeds from the sale of public resources.We will take further steps to adjust taxes for high-income groups, strictly standardize supervision of pay and bonuses for senior management in state-owned enterprises and financial institutions, expand the proportion of middle-income groups, raise the incomes of low-income groups, and promote equal opportunity.We will ensure that income distribution is governed by proper standards, effectively protect lawful income, and resolutely ban illegal income.We will quickly reverse the trend of a widening income gap.积极稳妥推进事业单位分类改革。科学划分事业单位类别，分类指导、分业推进、分级组织、分步实施，深化事业单位管理体制和人事、收入分配、社会保障制度改革。

We will actively yet prudently carry out reform of public institutions based on their classification.We will classify public institutions scientifically, provide targeted guidance to each class, and phase in reforms sector by sector, level by level, and step by step to deepen reform of the systems of management, personnel, income distribution, and social security for public institutions.加快推进政府改革。扩大社会主义民主，依法实行民主选举、民主决策、民主管理、民主监督，保障人民的知情权、参与权、表达权和监督权。全面贯彻依法治国基本方略，尊重和维护宪法和法律的权威，严格依法行政，坚决纠正有法不依、执法不严、违法不究、粗暴执法、渎职失职和执法腐败等行为。加强廉政建设，深入开展反腐败斗争，扎实推进惩治和预防腐败体系建设的各项长期性、基础性工作，着力解决人民群众反映强烈的突出问题。严格依法设定、实施、清理、规范行政审批事项。严禁领导干部插手政府采购、工程招标、土地矿业权拍卖等经济活动。严格执行领导干部廉洁从政各项规定。加强行政监督、民主监督、舆论监督。坚决查处各类违纪违法案件，严厉惩治腐败分子。We will accelerate government reform.We will expand socialist democracy;conduct democratic election, decision making, administration and oversight in accordance with the law;and protect people's rights to stay informed about, participate in, express views on, and oversee government affairs.We will implement the basic strategy of enforcing the law in both letter and spirit, respect and uphold the sanctity of the Constitution and laws, and govern in strict accordance with the law.We will resolutely rectify the problems of laws not being abided by or fully enforced, lawbreakers not being prosecuted, uncivilized law enforcement, dereliction and neglect of duty, and corrupt practices in law enforcement.We will work harder to build clean government.To do so, we will fight corruption, effectively carry out the long-term and basic work needed to improve the system of preventing and punishing corruption, and give high priority to solving serious problems that the people are resentful about.We will identify, handle, review and standardize matters subject to administrative approval in strict accordance with the law.Leading officials are strictly forbidden to interfere in economic activities such as government procurement, project tendering and the auctioning of land-use and mining rights.We will strictly implement all regulations which require leading officials to uphold integrity in the performance of their official duties.We will strengthen administrative and democratic oversight and oversight through public opinion, resolutely investigate and prosecute violations of the law or discipline, and severely punish corruptionists.（九）努力提高对外开放的质量和水平9.Striving to improve the opening up policy 我国对外开放已进入新的阶段，进出口贸易、双向投资的地位和作用发生了深刻变化。必须适应新的形势，创新对外经济工作思路，转变对外经济发展方式，提升开放型经济水平，形成开放型经济新格局。

China has entered a new stage of opening up in which the position and role of imports and exports as well as two-way investment have profoundly changed.We must adapt to changing circumstances, adopt new ways of thinking about our external economic work, change the mode of China's external economic growth, open China's economy wider and bring about a new phase in China's open economy.保持对外贸易稳定发展。我们强调扩大内需，但决不能忽视外需对我国经济发展的重要作用。要保持外贸政策基本稳定。稳定出口退税政策，扩大贸易融资和信用保险，改进海关、质检、外汇等方面的监管和服务，帮助企业克服订单不足、成本升高、摩擦增多等多重困难和压力。要加快转变外贸发展方式。深入实施科技兴贸、以质取胜和市场多元化战略，支持企业培育自主品牌、营销网络和研发中心，引导加工贸易向产业链高端延伸、向中西部转移。巩固美日欧传统市场，开拓新兴市场。稳定劳动密集型产品出口，扩大高技术、高附加值产品出口，控制高耗能、高污染产品出口。大力发展服务贸易，承接服务外包。制定加强进口、促进贸易平衡的指导意见，完善进口政策，搭建更多的进口促进平台，推动进出口平衡发展。We will maintain steady growth in foreign trade.While expanding domestic demand is crucial, we can never overlook the importance of external demand in China's economic development.We will maintain general continuity in China's foreign trade policy.We will continue to implement the export tax rebate policy;increase trade financing and credit insurance;ensure that customs, quality inspectors, and foreign exchange authorities improve their supervision and services;and help enterprises overcome difficulties and pressures resulting from falling orders, rising costs, and increasing trade friction.We will speed up transformation of the way we develop foreign trade.We will fully implement the strategy of boosting trade through upgrading technologies, improving quality, and diversifying markets.We will support enterprises in building their own brands, marketing networks, and R&D centers, and guide our processing trade to move up the industrial chain and shift to the central and western regions.We will consolidate traditional markets in the United States, Japan, and Europe and open up emerging markets.We will keep labor-intensive exports stable, expand the export of high-tech and high-value-added products, and limit the export of goods whose production is energy intensive and highly polluting.We will work hard to promote trade in services and undertake more services outsourced by other countries.We will adopt guidelines to increase imports and promote trade balance, improve import policies, build more platforms to promote imports, and work for balanced growth of exports and imports.提高利用外资质量。坚持积极有效利用外资的方针，更加注重优化结构和提高质量。实施新修订的外商投资产业指导目录，引导外资更多投向先进制造业、高新技术产业、节能环保产业、现代服务业和中西部地区。

We will improve the use of foreign capital.We will adhere to the policy of actively and effectively utilizing foreign capital and give greater importance to optimizing its structure and raising its quality.We will implement the newly revised Proposed List of Industries for Foreign Investment, and encourage more foreign investment in advanced manufacturing, new and high technologies, energy conservation, environmental protection, new service industries, and the central and western regions.实施“走出去”战略。我国正处于对外投资加快发展的重要阶段，要加强宏观指导，强化政策支持，简化审批手续，健全服务保障。引导各类所有制企业有序开展境外能源、原材料、农业、制造业、服务业、基础设施等领域投资合作和跨国并购。创新境外经贸合作区发展模式，支持“走出去”的企业相互协同、集群发展。规范发展对外劳务合作。放宽居民境外投资限制。加强对外投资风险管理，维护我境外企业人员和资产安全。

We will implement the “go global” strategy.With China's outward investment in an important stage of accelerated development, we will enhance macro-guidance, increase policy support, streamline approval procedures, and improve services for Chinese investors.We will guide Chinese enterprises under various forms of ownership in making overseas investments, mergers and acquisitions in energy, raw materials, agriculture, manufacturing, service industries, and infrastructure in an orderly manner.We will explore new models for overseas economic and trade cooperation zones, and support companies making overseas investments in coordinating their growth and forming clusters.We will standardize development of cooperative overseas labor services.Restrictions on individuals investing overseas will be relaxed.We will strengthen risk management of overseas investments and protect the safety of employees and assets of Chinese enterprises operating overseas.参与全球经济治理和区域合作。努力保持与发达国家经贸关系稳定发展，全面深化与发展中国家的互利合作。继续推进自贸区建设和区域经济一体化进程。积极参与二十国集团等全球经济治理机制建设，加强与主要经济体宏观经济政策协调，反对各种形式的保护主义，继续在多哈回合谈判、国际金融体系改革中发挥建设性作用。

We will participate in global economic governance and regional cooperation.We will strive to maintain steady growth of China's economic and trade relations with developed countries and comprehensively deepen mutually beneficial cooperation with developing countries.We will continue to promote development of free trade zones and regional economic integration.We will actively participate in building mechanisms for global economic governance such as the G20, strengthen coordination with major economies on macroeconomic policy, oppose protectionism in all its forms, and continue to play a constructive role in the Doha Round of trade talks and the reform of the international financial system.各位代表！

我国是统一的多民族国家，各民族共同团结奋斗、共同繁荣发展，国家才能兴旺发达。要坚持和完善民族区域自治制度，认真贯彻落实中央支持少数民族和民族地区发展的政策措施，大力实施扶持人口较少民族发展、推进兴边富民行动和发展少数民族事业规划。坚定不移地巩固和发展平等团结互助和谐的社会主义民族关系。

认真贯彻党的宗教工作基本方针。维护宗教团体、宗教界人士和信教群众的合法权益，充分发挥他们在促进经济发展、文化繁荣、社会和谐中的积极作用。全面贯彻党的侨务政策。维护海外侨胞和归侨侨眷合法权益，支持他们积极参与祖国现代化建设与和平统一大业。

Fellow Deputies,China is a unified, multiethnic country.Only when its ethnic groups are united as one and work for the development of all can China achieve prosperity.We will adhere to and improve the system of regional ethnic autonomy, fully implement the central leadership's policies and measures for supporting the development of ethnic minorities and ethnic minority areas, and energetically implement plans to support development of ethnic groups with small populations, projects to bring prosperity to border areas and residents there, and services for ethnic minorities.We will unwaveringly consolidate and develop socialist ethnic relations of equality, solidarity, mutual assistance, and harmony.We will actively implement the Party's basic policy on work related to religion, protect the lawful rights and interests of religious groups, religious figures, and believers, and give full play to their positive role in promoting economic development, cultural prosperity, and social harmony.We will fully implement the Party's policy on overseas Chinese affairs, protect the lawful rights and interests of overseas Chinese and returned overseas Chinese and their relatives, and support them in taking an active part in the endeavor to modernize China and in advancing the great cause of China's peaceful reunification.各位代表！

巩固的国防和强大的军队，是维护国家主权、安全和发展利益的坚强后盾。要着眼全面履行新世纪新阶段军队历史使命，全面加强军队革命化现代化正规化建设，不断提高以打赢信息化条件下局部战争能力为核心的完成多样化军事任务的能力。加强思想政治建设，坚持党对军队绝对领导的根本原则和人民军队的根本宗旨。积极开展信息化条件下军事训练。加快全面建设现代后勤步伐。大力提高国防科技和武器装备自主创新能力。着力培养高素质新型军事人才。积极稳妥地实施国防和军队改革。坚持依法治军、从严治军。全面建设现代化武装警察力量。加强国防动员和后备力量建设。坚决完成反恐维稳、处置突发事件、抢险救灾等任务。坚持军民结合、寓军于民，走中国特色军民融合式发展路子。巩固发展军政军民团结。Fellow Deputies, Strong national defense and powerful armed forces provide a firm guarantee for safeguarding China's sovereignty, security, and development interests.We will make the armed forces more revolutionary, modern, and standardized in all respects so they can comprehensively accomplish their historic mission at the new stage in the new century.We will enhance the armed forces' capability to accomplish a wide range of military tasks, the most important of which is to win local wars under information-age conditions.We will strengthen their ideological and political standards, and adhere to the fundamental principle of the Party having absolute leadership over the armed forces, and we should maintain the Chinese armed forces' fundamental purpose of being an army of the people.We will vigorously carry out military training under information-age conditions.We will accelerate the modernization of the logistics support system, and vigorously enhance our capacity for making innovations in defense-related science and technology and in weapons and equipment development.We will focus on training a new type of highly competent military personnel.We will actively yet prudently carry out reform of national defense and the armed forces.We will run the armed forces with strict discipline and in accordance with the law.We will comprehensively modernize the armed police force.We will strengthen national defense mobilization and improve our reserves.We will ensure the armed forces resolutely accomplish the tasks of combating terrorism, maintaining stability, handling emergencies, and relieving disasters.We will follow the path of integrated military and civilian development with Chinese characteristics by unifying military and civilian industries and embedding military programs in civilian industries.We will consolidate and develop solidarity between the military and the government and between the military and the people.各位代表！

香港、澳门与祖国休戚相关、荣辱与共。我们将坚定不移地贯彻“一国两制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治的方针，全力支持香港、澳门发展经济，改善民生，推进民主。支持特区政府积极应对国际经济风险挑战，维护经济金融稳定和长期繁荣发展。衔接和落实好支持港澳经济社会发展的系列政策措施，大幅提升内地对港澳服务贸易开放水平，加快推进港珠澳大桥等基础设施建设和对接，深化合作，支持港澳参与国际和区域经济合作。支持香港巩固和提升国际金融、贸易、航运中心地位，建设离岸人民币业务中心。支持澳门建设世界旅游休闲中心，推进横琴新区建设，促进经济适度多元发展。我们相信，有伟大祖国作为坚强后盾，香港、澳门同胞一定能够把自己的家园建设得更加美好！过去的一年，两岸关系经受了严峻考验，取得了积极进展。反对“台独”、认同“九二共识”，巩固交流合作成果，促进两岸关系和平发展，日益成为两岸同胞的共同意愿。新的一年，我们要继续坚持中央对台工作的大政方针，增强两岸关系发展的政治、经济、文化和民意基础，拓展两岸关系和平发展新局面。要全面深化经济金融合作，推动两岸经济合作框架协议后续商谈取得新进展。加快海峡西岸经济区建设。积极扩大各界往来，开展文化、教育等交流，使两岸同胞联系更紧密，感情更贴近，利益更融合。全体中华儿女要更加紧密地团结起来，为完成祖国统一大业、实现中华民族伟大复兴而努力奋斗！Fellow Deputies, Hong Kong and Macao are closely bound with the mainland of China and we share a common destiny.We will unwaveringly implement the principle of “one country, two systems” under which the people of Hong Kong govern Hong Kong and the people of Macao govern Macao and both regions enjoy a high degree of autonomy, and we will fully support the two regions in growing their economies, improving the people's wellbeing and promoting democracy.We support the governments of the two special administrative regions in meeting the challenges of international economic risks and in upholding economic and financial stability and ensuring long-term prosperity and development.We will implement coordinated policies and measures for supporting the economic and social development of Hong Kong and Macao, open the mainland much wider to trade in services with the two regions, accelerate the construction of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge and other shared infrastructure projects, and deepen cooperation with Hong Kong and Macao to support them in participating in international and regional economic cooperation.We support Hong Kong in consolidating and elevating its position as an international financial, trade, and shipping center, and in becoming a center of offshore RMB transactions.We support Macao in becoming a world center of tourism and leisure, building the Hengqin New Area, and diversifying Macao's economy as necessary.We believe that with the staunch support of the great motherland, our compatriots in Hong Kong and Macao will certainly create an even brighter future for themselves.Last year, relations across the Taiwan Straits withstood serious tests and improved considerably.Opposing Taiwan independence, accepting the 1992 Consensus, consolidating achievements in exchanges and cooperation, and promoting peaceful development of cross-Straits relations have increasingly become shared aspirations of the people on both sides of the Straits.In 2012, we will adhere to the central leadership's policies on work related to Taiwan;strengthen the political, economic, and cultural foundation and public support for growing cross-Straits relations;and make further progress in promoting their peaceful development.We will deepen all-around cross-Straits economic and financial cooperation, and strive to make new progress in the follow-up talks on the Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement.We will accelerate development of the Western Taiwan Straits Economic Zone.We will energetically expand cross-Straits exchanges between people from all walks of life and carry out cultural, educational and other exchanges to forge a closer bond and increase mutual attachment and common interests between the two sides.All Chinese people should unite more closely and endeavor to accomplish the great cause of China's reunification and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.各位代表！新的一年，外交工作要更好地服务于改革开放和社会主义现代化建设大局，为促进世界经济增长、维护和平稳定作出更大贡献。我们将继续深化同周边国家的睦邻友好关系，积极参与周边各种合作机制，推动区域合作深入发展，共同营造和平稳定、平等互信、合作共赢的地区环境。我们将与广大发展中国家加强团结合作，深化传统友谊，扩大互利合作，推动实现联合国千年发展目标，维护发展中国家的正当权益和共同利益。我们将加强与各大国的战略对话，增进战略互信，拓展合作领域，推进相互关系长期稳定健康发展。我们将积极参与多边事务和全球治理，推动国际秩序朝着更加公正合理的方向发展。我们将坚定不移地走和平发展道路，坚持独立自主的和平外交政策，奉行互利共赢的开放战略，同世界各国一道，为促进人类文明进步，增进各国人民的福祉和建设一个持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界而不懈努力！

Fellow Deputies, In the new year, China's diplomacy should better promote the country's over-arching goal of promoting reform, opening up, and socialist modernization;and make greater contributions to global economic growth and world peace and stability.We will continue to deepen friendly relations with our neighbors;actively participate in cooperation mechanisms with them;deepen regional cooperation;and work with them in creating a regional environment of peace, stability, equality, mutual trust, cooperation, and mutual benefit.We will enhance unity and cooperation with other developing countries, deepen traditional friendships, expand mutually beneficial cooperation, help achieve the UN Millennium Development Goals, and uphold the legitimate rights and interests as well as the common interests of developing countries.We will increase strategic dialogue with other major countries to promote strategic mutual trust, broaden areas of cooperation, and promote the long-term, steady, and sound growth of our relations with them.We will actively participate in multilateral affairs and global governance and contribute to making the international political and economic order more just and equitable.We will adhere to the path of peaceful development, continue to pursue an independent foreign policy of peace, and follow an open strategy of mutual benefit.We will work tirelessly with other countries to advance human civilization, improve the wellbeing of people in all countries, and build a harmonious world of enduring peace and common prosperity.各位代表！

回顾过去，我们拼搏奋进，取得显著成就；展望未来，我们任重道远，仍须不懈努力。让我们紧密团结在以胡锦涛同志为总书记的党中央周围，解放思想，开拓创新，扎实工作，奋力开创社会主义现代化建设新局面！Fellow Deputies, In the past, we have achieved remarkable progress through hard work.In the future, we must continue to work tirelessly to accomplish the important tasks on the road ahead.Let all of us rally closely around the Party Central Committee with Comrade Hu Jintao as General Secretary, free our minds, forge ahead in the spirit of innovation, make solid progress in our work, and strive to further advance socialist modernization.

第三篇：温家宝总理2013年政府工作报告-中英文对照

温总理2013年两会政府工作报告（双语文本）Source: 互联网 2013-03-05

一、过去五年工作回顾

I.Review of Work in the Past Five Years

第十一届全国人民代表大会第一次会议以来的五年，是我国发展进程中极不平凡的五年。

The past five years since the First Session of the Eleventh National People's Congress were a truly extraordinary period of time in the course of China's development.我们有效应对国际金融危机的严重冲击，保持经济平稳较快发展。

We effectively countered the severe impact of the global financial crisis and maintained steady and fast economic development.国内生产总值从26.6万亿元增加到51.9万亿元，跃升到世界第二位；

China's GDP increased from 26.6 trillion yuan to 51.9 trillion yuan, and now ranks second in the world.公共财政收入从5.1万亿元增加到11.7万亿元；

Government revenue went up from 5.1 trillion yuan to 11.7 trillion yuan.累计新增城镇就业5870万人，A total of 58.7 million urban jobs were created.城镇居民人均可支配收入和农村居民人均纯收入年均分别增长8.8%、9.9%； The per capita disposable income of urban residents rose by an annual average of 8.8%, and the per capita net income of rural residents rose by 9.9%.粮食产量实现“九连增”；

Grain output increased for the ninth consecutive year in 2012.重要领域改革取得新进展，开放型经济达到新水平；

Progress was made in key areas of reform;and the open economy reached a new stage of development.创新型国家建设取得新成就，载人航天、探月工程、载人深潜、北斗卫星导航系统、超级计算机、高速铁路等实现重大突破，第一艘航母“辽宁舰”入列；

We made China more innovative.Breakthroughs were made in developing manned spaceflight and the lunar exploration program, building a manned deep-sea submersible, launching the Beidou Navigation Satellite System, developing supercomputers and building high-speed railways.China's first aircraft carrier, the Liaoning, was commissioned.成功举办北京奥运会、残奥会和上海世博会；

We successfully hosted the Games of the XXIX Olympiad and the XIII Paralympic Games in Beijing and the World Expo in Shanghai.夺取抗击汶川特大地震、玉树强烈地震、舟曲特大山洪泥石流等严重自然灾害和灾后恢复重建重大胜利。

We successfully mitigated the impact of the massive Wenchuan earthquake, the strong Yushu earthquake, the huge Zhugqu mudslide and other natural disasters and carried out post-disaster recovery and reconstruction.我国社会生产力和综合国力显著提高，人民生活水平和社会保障水平显著提高，国际地位和国际影响力显著提高。

China's productive forces and overall national strength, its living standards and social security, and its international status and influence all improved significantly.我们圆满完成“十一五”规划，顺利实施“十二五”规划。

We successfully completed the Eleventh Five-Year Plan and got off to a good start in implementing the Twelfth Five-Year Plan.社会主义经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设、生态文明建设取得重大进展，谱写了中国特色社会主义事业新篇章。

We made significant socialist economic, political, cnltural, social, and ecological progress, and wrote a new chapter in building socialism with Chinese characteristics.五年来的主要工作及特点： The following are the main work we accomplished over the past five years and its main features:

一是有效应对国际金融危机，促进经济平稳较快发展。

I.Effectively responding to the globalfinancial crisis and promoting steady and rapid economic development

过去五年，我们是在持续应对国际金融危机严重冲击中走过来的。这场危机来势之猛、扩散之快、影响之深，百年罕见。

In the past five years, we averted the grievous consequences of the global financial crisis, whose abruptness, rapid spread and profound impact were rarely seen in the past century.我们沉着应对，及时果断调整宏观调控着力点，出台进一步扩大内需、促进经济平稳较快增长的十项措施，全面实施一揽子计划。

We responded to the crisis calmly, made timely and decisive adjustments to the focus of macro-control, adopted ten measures to increase domestic demand and promote steady and rapid economic growth, and implemented a comprehensive package plan.两年新增4万亿元投资，其中中央财政投资1.26万亿元，主要用于保障性安居工程、农村民生工程、基础设施、社会事业、生态环保、自主创新等方面建设和灾后恢复重建。

In a two-year period, an additional four trillion yuan of government investment was made, with 1.26 trillion yuan from the central government, mainly for building government-subsidized housing, improving rural people's well-being, building infrastructure, developing social programs, improving the environment, promoting innovation, and carrying out post-disaster recovery and reconstruction.五年来：

Over the past five years:

新建各类保障性住房1800多万套，棚户区改造住房1200多万套；

More than 18 million government-subsidized housing units of various types were built, and over 12 million housing units in run-down areas were upgraded.完成大中型和重点小型水库除险加固1.8万座，治理重点中小河流2.45万公里，新增节水灌溉面积770万公顷；

A total of 18,000 large and medium-sized and key small reservoirs were reinforced, 24,500 kilometers of key small and medium-length rivers were harnessed, and water-saving irrigated farmland was increased by 7.7 million hectares.新增铁路里程1.97万公里，其中高速铁路8951公里，A total of 19,700 kilometers of new rail lines were built, 8,951 kilometers of which are high-speed railways.京沪、京广、哈大等高铁和一批城际铁路相继投入运营；

The high-speed Beijing-Shanghai, Beijing-Guangzhou and Harbin-Dalian railways and a number of intercity railways were opened to traffic.新增公路60.9万公里，其中高速公路4.2万公里，高速公路总里程达9.56万公里；

A total of 609,000 kilometers of new roads were built, 42,000 kilometers of which are expressways, increasing the total length of expressways in service to 95,600 kilometers.新建机场31个；新增万吨级港口泊位602个；

Thirty-one airports and 602 shipping berths for 10,000-ton ships were built.一批跨江跨海大桥、连岛工程相继建成；

A number of bridges over rivers and bays and linking islands with other islands and the mainland were completed.西气东输、西电东送、南水北调等重大工程顺利推进或建成；

Smooth progress was made in major projects such as those for transporting natural gas and electricity from the west to the east and diverting water from the south to the north, and some of the projects have been completed.非化石能源快速发展，水电、风电装机位居世界第一；

Non-fossil energy production developed rapidly, and China now ranks first in the world in the installed capacity of both hydropower and wind power.重建后的汶川、玉树、舟曲等灾区发生了翻天覆地的变化。

Reconstruction of the Wenchuan, Yushu and Zhugqu disaster areas transformed them completely.这些举世瞩目的成就，对我们有效应对国际金融危机严重冲击发挥了至关重要的作用，为经济社会长远发展打下了坚实基础，已经并将继续造福亿万人民。These impressive achievements played a vital role in our effective response to the severe impact of the global financial crisis, and laid a solid foundation for sustaining China's economic and social development.They have benefited and will continue to benefit hundreds of millions ofpeople.我们始终注重处理好保持经济平稳较快发展、调整经济结构和管理通胀预期的关系，增强宏观政策的前瞻性、科学性、有效性，注意把握好政策的取向、力度和重点。

We always strove to maintain a balance between ensuring steady and rapid economic development, adjusting the economic structure, and managing inflation expectations.We made government macro policies more forward-looking, scientific and effective and implemented them with proper orientation, force and focus.在国际金融危机冲击最严重时，果断实施积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策，综合运用多种财政政策工具，增加政府支出，实行结构性减税；有效运用存款准备金率、利率等货币政策工具，保持货币信贷合理增长。

When the impact of the global financial crisis was at its worst, we resolutely implemented a proactive fiscal policy and a moderately easy monetary policy, employed a full range of financial policy tools, increased government spending and made structural tax reductions.We effectively employed monetary policy instruments such as adjusting required reserve ratios and interest rates to maintain proper growth in the money and credit supply.根据宏观经济走势的变化，我们及时调整政策力度，适时退出刺激政策，实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策。

In response to changing macroeconomic trends, we promptly adjusted the intensity of policy implementation, reduced the force of stimulus policies at an appropriate time, and implemented a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy.在财政政策运用上，坚持统筹兼顾，注重综合平衡。We took a holistic and balanced approach in employing fiscal policy.财政赤字占国内生产总值的比重从2009年的2.8%降到去年的1.5%左右，赤字率和债务负担率保持在安全水平。加强地方政府性债务全面审计和地方政府融资平台管理，有效控制经济运行中的风险隐患。

As a result, the government deficit dropped from 2.8% of GDP in 2009 to about 1.5% last year, and both deficit-to-GDP and debt-to-GDP ratios remained at a safe level.We strengthened comprehensive auditing of local governments' debt and management of their financing platforms, thus effectively controlling latent economic risks.在货币政策运用上，始终注意把握稳增长、控物价和防风险之间的平衡。

In employing monetary policy, we maintained a balance between ensuring steady growth, maintaining price stability and warding off risks.金融体系运行稳健，银行业风险抵御能力持续增强，资本充足率从2007年底的8.4%提升到去年底的13.3%，不良贷款率由6.1%下降到0.95%，一直保持在较低水平。

The financial system functioned soundly.The banking sector became better able to avert risks.Its capital adequacy rate increased from 8.4% at the end of 2007 to 13.3% by the end of last year, and its non-performing loans were kept at a low level, dropping from 6.1% to 0.95%.坚持搞好房地产市场调控不动摇，遏制了房价过快上涨势头。

We kept a firm grip on the real estate market and kept housing prices from rising too quickly.2012年，在世界各大经济体增长全面减速、各种风险不断暴露的情况下，我们合理把握政策力度，保持财政预算支出规模不变，优化支出结构，扭转经济下滑趋势，全面实现年初确定的主要目标，In 2012, when other major economies in the world were experiencing a slowdown in growth and constantly encountered new risks, we maintained a proper intensity in policy implementation, kept budgetary spending unchanged, improved the spending mix, and reversed the decline in economic growth.国内生产总值增长7.8%，城镇新增就业1266万人，居民消费价格涨幅回落到2.6%，为今年经济发展打下好的基础。

As a result, we attained all the main targets set at the beginning of the year: GDP grew by 7.8%, 12.66 million urban jobs were created, and the rise in the CPI fell to 2.6%.All this laid a good foundation for China's economic development this year.这五年：

Over the past five years:

我国宏观经济总体上保持增速平稳较快、China's economy as a whole maintained steady and rapid growth.物价相对稳定、Prices remained fairly stable.就业持续增加、Employment steadily increased.国际收支趋于平衡的良好态势，The balance ofpayments moved toward equilibrium.国内生产总值年均增长9.3%，显著高于同期全球和新兴经济体的增速，GDP grew at an average annual rate of 9.3%, considerably higher than the average global rate and the average rate of other emerging economies for the same period.通货膨胀率远低于其他新兴经济体。

China's inflation rate was also much lower than that of other emerging economies.我国经济稳定，充满活力。

The Chinese economy is stable and full of vitality.回首这五年，面对国际经济形势复杂多变、持续低迷的严峻挑战，中央科学判断、果断决策，有效避免了我国现代化进程因巨大的外部冲击而出现大的波折，实践证明这些决策部署是完全正确的。

In the last five years, faced with severe challenges posed by a complex and volatile international economic environment and a sluggish global economy, the central leadership, on the basis of a scientific judgment of the situation, made resolute decisions that steered China's modernization drive clear of major pitfalls created by huge external shocks.Experience fully proves these decisions and implementing steps were entirely correct.二是加快经济结构调整，提高经济发展的质量和效益。

2.Accelerating adjustment ofthe economic structure and improving the quality and performance ofeconomic development

坚持实施扩大内需战略，内需对经济增长的贡献率明显提高，经常项目顺差占国内生产总值的比重从10.1%下降到2.6%。

We adhered to the strategy of expanding domestic demand.As a result, the contribution of domestic demand to economic growth increased significantly, and the share of current account surplus in the GDP dropped from 10.1% to 2.6%.居民消费结构加快升级。

The upgrading in the mix of private consumption accelerated.2012年底，城镇和农村人均住房面积32.9平方米、37.1平方米，分别比2007年增加2.8平方米和5.5平方米；

At the end of 2012, the per capita living area of urban and rural residents was 32.9 square meters and 37,1 square meters respectively, an increase of 2.8 and 5.5 over 2007.城镇居民每百户拥有家用汽车21.5辆，比2007年增加15.5辆；

Car ownership stood at 21.5 cars per 100 urban households, an increase of 15.5 over 2007.旅游、文化消费大幅增加。

Travel-and entertainment-related spending has risen substantially.坚持走中国特色新型工业化道路，大力推进产业转型升级。

We adhered to the new path of industrialization with distinctive Chinese features and promoted transformation and upgrading of industrial sectors.我国制造业规模跃居全球首位，高技术制造业增加值年均增长13.4%，成为国民经济重要先导性、支柱性产业； China's manufacturing industry became the largest in the world.With added-value growing at an average annual rate of 13.4% during the past five years, high-tech manufacturing has become a leading pillar of the economy.清洁能源、节能环保、新一代信息技术、生物医药、高端装备制造等一批战略性新兴产业快速发展。

Strategic emerging industries grew rapidly, including clean energy, energy conservation, environmental protection, next-generation information and communication technology, biomedicines, and high-end equipment manufacturing.产品质量整体水平不断提高。

The overall quality of manufactured goods steadily improved.服务业增加值占国内生产总值比重提高2.7个百分点，成为吸纳就业最多的产业。

The share of value-added of the service sector in the GDP increased by 2.7 percentage points, and it now creates more jobs than any other sector.扎实推进节能减排和生态环境保护。五年累计，共淘汰落后炼铁产能1.17亿吨、炼钢产能7800万吨、水泥产能7.75亿吨；

We made steady progress in conserving energy, reducing emissions, and protecting the environment.Over the past five years, the following backward production facilities were closed: Iron works with a total output capacity of 117 million tons.Steel mills with a capacity of 78 million tons.Cement plants with a capacity of 775 million tons.新增城市污水日处理能力4600万吨；单位国内生产总值能耗下降17.2%，化学需氧量、二氧化硫排放总量分别下降15.7%和17.5%。修订环境空气质量标准，增加细颗粒物PM2.5等监测指标。

Moreover, in the past five years: Daily urban sewage treatment capacity increased by 46 million tons.Energy consumption per unit ofGDP fell by 17.2%.Total chemical oxygen demand fell by 15.7%.Total sulfur dioxide emissions fell by 17.5%.Environmental air quality standards were revised.The air quality index for monitoring fine particulate matter(PM2 s)was added.推进天然林保护、退耕还林、防沙治沙等重点生态工程建设，五年累计完成造林2953万公顷，治理沙漠化、石漠化土地1196万公顷，综合治理水土流失面积24.6万平方公里，整治国土面积18万平方公里。

Progress was made in major ecological projects to protect virgin forests, afforest marginal farmland, and prevent and control desertification.Over the past five years: Anadditional 29.53 million hectares of land were planted with trees.Desertification was halted on 11.96 million hectares of land.Soil erosion on 246,000 square kilometers of land was brought under control.A total of 180,000 square kilometers of land were improved.深入实施区域发展总体战略，颁布实施全国主体功能区规划，制定西部大开发新十年指导意见和一系列区域发展规划，加快推进西藏、新疆等地区跨越式发展，We implemented the master strategy for regional development, promulgated and implemented the national plan for developing functional zones, formulated new 10-year guidelines for the large-scale development of the western region and a number of regional development plans, and accelerated leapfrog development of Tibet and Xinjiang.制定实施新十年农村扶贫开发纲要，将扶贫标准提高到2300元（2010年不变价），加强集中连片特殊困难地区扶贫攻坚。

We formulated and implemented a new ten-year program for rural poverty alleviation and development, raised the poverty line to 2,300 yuan at 2010 prices, and intensified efforts to alleviate poverty in contiguous areas with acute difficulties.中西部和东北地区主要发展指标增速高于全国平均水平，东部地区产业转型升级步伐加快，各具特色、良性互动的区域发展格局正在形成。

Major economic indicators rose faster in the central and western regions and northeast China than the national average.Transformation and upgrading of the industrial sector in the eastern region accelerated, and a pattern of regional development is taking shape in which each region both has its distinctive strengths and draws on the strengths of other regions.积极稳妥推进城镇化，五年转移农村人口8463万人，城镇化率由45.9%提高到52.6%，城乡结构发生了历史性变化。

We advanced urbanization actively yet prudently.Over the past five years: A total of 84.63 million rural residents migrated to urban areas.The urbanization level rose from 45.9“10 to 52.6%, marking a historic turning point in China's urban-rural population structure.城乡、区域发展的协调性明显增强。Development between urban and rural areas and between regions became more balanced.三是毫不放松地抓好“三农”工作，巩固和加强农业基础地位。

3.Unremittingly doing our work related to agriculture, rural areas, andfarmers well, and consolidating and strengthening the position ofagriculture as the foundation of the economy

我们坚持在工业化、信息化、城镇化深入发展中同步推进农业现代化，集中力量办成了一些关系农业农村长远发展、关系农民切身利益的大事。

We carried out agricultural modernization while deepening industrialization, application of information and communication technologies(leT), and urbanization, and we pooled resources to accomplish a number of major tasks that are important to the long-term development of agriculture and rural areas and to the vital interests of farmers.加大财政投入，中央财政“三农”累计支出4.47万亿元，年均增长23.5%。We increased central government spending on agriculture, rural areas and farmers, which totaled 4.47 trillion yuan for the past five years and rose by an average annual rate of 23.5%.建立健全种粮农民补贴制度和主产区利益补偿机制，补贴标准逐年提高，覆盖范围不断扩大，补贴资金从2007年的639亿元增加到2012年的1923亿元。We established a sound system for subsidizing grain farmers and a sound mechanism for subsidizing major grain-producing areas, broadened the coverage of the subsidies, and raised them every year, from 63.9 billion yuan in 2007 to 192.3 billion yuan in 2012.加强农村金融服务，涉农贷款余额从2007年末的6.12万亿元增加到2012年末的17.63万亿元。

We provided more rural financial services, and the outstanding balance of bank loans to agriculture, rural areas and farmers increased from 6.12 trillion yuan at the end of 2007 to 17.63 trillion yuan at the end of 2012.实行粮食最低收购价政策，小麦、稻谷最低收购价累计提高41.7%到86.7%。We carried out the policy of minimum grain purchase prices and raised the floor prices for wheat and rice between 41.7% and 86.7%.加强耕地保护，维护农民权益，为完善农村集体土地征收补偿制度做了大量准备工作。

We intensified protection of farmland and farmers' rights and interests, and made a lot of preparations to improve the system of compensating for expropriation of rural collective land.加快推进农业科技进步和现代农业建设，加大对良种繁育、动植物疫病防控、基层农技推广的支持力度。

We made greater progress in agricultural science and technology and the development of modem agriculture, and we increased support for cultivating superior varieties and breeds, preventing and controlling animal and plant epidemics, and spreading agricultural technology in villages.大力兴修水利，开展农村土地整治，建设高标准农田，耕地面积保持在18.2亿亩以上。

We built more water conservancy projects, improved rural land, developed high-grade farmland, and kept the country's total area of farmland over 121.3 million hectares.粮食综合生产能力跃上新台阶，粮食总产量连续6年稳定在万亿斤以上并逐年增加。

Thanks to these efforts, China's overall grain production capacity reached a new level, and its grain output in each of the past six years increased and exceeded 500 million tons，加强农村水电路气等基础设施建设，新建改建农村公路146.5万公里，改造农村危房1033万户，解决了3亿多农村人口的饮水安全和无电区445万人的用电问题，农村生产生活条件不断改善。

We strengthened rural infrastructure such as roads and water, power and methane supply capacity.We built or upgraded 1.465 million kilometers of rural roads, renovated run-down houses for 10.33 million rural households, provided safe drinking water for an additional 300 million plus rural residents, and delivered electricity to 4.45 million people in areas without power supply.This led to steady improvement in rural productivity and quality of life.积极引导农村富余劳动力转向非农产业，农民人均纯收入持续较快增长，2010年以来城乡居民相对收入差距逐步缩小。

We encouraged surplus rural workers to find non-agricultural employment.The per capita net income of rural residents grew rapidly, and the relative income gap between urban and rural residents has progressively narrowed since 2010.深化农村综合改革。

We deepened overall rural reform.集体林权制度主体改革基本完成，全面推进农村集体土地确权颁证工作，开展农村土地承包经营权登记试点。

We basically completed the main tasks for reforming the collective forest tenure system, made comprehensive progress in determining, registering and certifying collective land ownership, and carried out trials for registering contracted rural land-use rights.农业农村发展的好形势，为应对国际金融危机和各种自然灾害严重冲击、稳定经济社会发展大局提供了重要支撑。

Sound agricultural and rural development provided important support for China to counter the severe impact of the global financial crisis and natural disasters and maintain overall stability in economic and social development.四是坚持实施科教兴国战略，增强经济社会发展的核心支撑能力。

4.Steadfastly implementing the strategy for making China strong through the development of science and education, and boosting the country’s core ability to sustain economic and social development

我们加快实施国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要，制定实施国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要、国家中长期人才发展规划纲要和国家知识产权战略，We accelerated implementation of the National Plan for Long-and Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development;formulated and implemented the National Plan for Long-and Medium-Term Education Reform and Development, the National Plan for Long-and Medium-Term Development of Competent Personnel and the national strategy on intellectual property rights.推动科技、教育、文化事业全面发展，为国家长远发展奠定了坚实基础。

This gave impetus to all-around progress in science and technology, education, and culture and laid a solid foundation for ensuring China's long-term development.优先发展教育事业。国家财政性教育经费支出五年累计7.79万亿元，年均增长21.58%，2012年占国内生产总值比例达到4%。

We gave high priority to developing education.Government spending on education totaled 7.79 trillion yuan over the past five years, increasing at an average annual rate of 21.58% to reach 4% of GDP in 2012.教育资源重点向农村、边远、民族、贫困地区倾斜，教育公平取得明显进步。We allocated educational resources, giving priority to rural, remote, poor and ethnic minority areas and made notable progress in improving fairness in education.全面实现城乡九年免费义务教育，惠及1.6亿学生。实施学前教育三年行动计划，“入园难”问题有所缓解。

We made free nine-year compulsory education universal across the country, benefiting 160 million students.A three-year action plan for preschool education was carried out, and the shortage of preschools was eased.国家助学制度不断完善，建立了家庭经济困难学生资助体系，实现从学前教育到研究生教育各个阶段全覆盖，每年资助金额近1000亿元，资助学生近8000万人次。

We improved the system of state financial aid to students, and established a system for giving students from poor families financial aid from preschool through graduate school.We spent approximately 100 billion yuan annually for this purpose and assisted nearly 80 million students.实施中等职业教育免学费政策，覆盖范围包括所有农村学生、城市涉农专业学生和家庭经济困难学生。

We implemented the policy of tuition-free secondary vocational education for all rural students and all urban students who study agriculture-related majors or are from poor families.初步解决进城务工人员随迁子女在城市接受义务教育问题，现有1260万农村户籍孩子在城市接受义务教育。

The problem of providing compulsory education to children of rural migrants working in cities was basically solved, and 12.6 million children with rural residence status are now receiving compulsory education in cities.实施惠及3000多万农村义务教育阶段学生营养改善计划。

We implemented the plan for improving nutrition of rural students receiving compulsory education to the benefit of over 30 million students.完成中小学校舍安全工程。

We completed the project to improve the safety of primary and secondary school buildings.加快职业教育基础能力和特殊教育基础设施建设。

We sped up development of infrastructure for vocational and special education.义务教育学校实施绩效工资，在教育部直属师范大学实行师范生免费教育，加强了农村教师队伍建设。

The pay of teachers in compulsory education is now linked to their performance.Students majoring in education at teachers universities directly under the Ministry of Education were exempted from paying tuition, and the ranks of rural teachers were strengthened.全面提高教育质量和水平，高等教育毛入学率提高到30%。

The quality and level of education in China was comprehensively raised, and the gross college enrollment rate rose to 30%.国民受教育程度大幅提升，15岁以上人口平均受教育年限达到9年以上。

The education level of the people was raised significantly, and the average length of schooling of people over the age of 15 now exceeds nine years.大力推动自主创新。中央财政用于科技的投入五年累计8729亿元，年均增长超过18%。

We vigorously promoted innovation.The central government spent 872.9 billion yuan to develop science and technology in the past five years, with an average annual increase of over 18%.全社会研究与试验发展经费支出占国内生产总值的比例由2007年的1.4%提高到2012年的1.97%，企业研发活动支出占比超过74%。

China's R&D spending accounted for 1.97% of GDP in 2012, up from 1.4% in 2007, and over 74% of this spending was made by companies.出台深化科技体制改革加快国家创新体系建设的意见。The Guidelines on Deepening Reform of the Management System for Science and Technology and Accelerating Development of a National Innovation System were adopted.深入实施国家技术创新工程和知识创新工程，扎实推进国家科技重大专项，新建一批国家工程中心、重点实验室和企业技术中心。

We carried out a national technology innovation project and a knowledge innovation project, made solid progress in implementing major national R&D projects, and set up a number of national engineering centers, key laboratories and enterprise technology centers.加强基础研究和前沿探索，突破一批关键核心技术，填补了多项重大产品和装备的空白。

We boosted basic research and research in frontier areas, made breakthroughs in a number of core and key technologies, and filled in gaps in many important products and equipment.深入实施人才强国战略。以高层次、高技能人才为重点，加强各类人才队伍建设，专业技术人才、高技能人才分别增加860万人和880万人，留学回国人员达到54万人。

We implemented the strategy for making China strong through training competent personnel.We trained more personnel of all types, with the focus on high-level and highly skilled personnel.As a result, the number of personnel with special expertise and highly skilled personnel increased by 8.6 million and 8.8 million respectively.A total of 540,000 overseas students returned.大力加强文化建设。覆盖城乡的公共文化设施网络体系初步建成，博物馆、图书馆、文化馆（站）全面实现免费开放。

We put greater effort into developing the cultural sector.A network of public cultural facilities covering both urban and rural areas is taking shape, and all museums, libraries and cultural centers in China are open to the public free of charge.国有经营性文化单位转企改制任务基本完成，公益性文化事业单位内部机制改革不断深化。

We basically transformed state-owned for-profit cultural institutions into business enterprises, and deepened reform of internal operating mechanisms of non-profit cultural institutions.哲学社会科学、新闻出版、广播影视、文学艺术等更加繁荣，文化产业快速发展。Philosophy and the social sciences, the press and publishing, radio, television and film, and literature and art are flourishing, and cultural industries developed rapidly.文物保护、非物质文化遗产保护和传承取得重要进展。对外文化交流更加活跃。全民健身和竞技体育取得新成绩。

We made major progress in protecting cultural relics and preserving and passing on intangible cultural heritage.Cultural exchanges with other countries increased.New progress was made in nationwide fitness activities and competitive sports.五是坚持把人民利益放在第一位，着力保障和改善民生。

Fifth, putting the people's interests first and striving to ensure and improve their well-being

我们把就业作为保障和改善民生的头等大事，实施积极的就业政策。加强重点人群就业工作，提高职业培训和就业服务水平，五年累计投入就业专项资金1973亿元，We made expanding employment the top priority in ensuring and improving people's well-being and pursued a proactive employment policy.Over the past five years, we allocated 197.3 billion yuan of employment funds to help targeted groups obtain employment and to improve vocational training and employment services.实现高校毕业生就业2800万人，城镇就业困难人员就业830万人，保持了就业形势总体稳定。

As a result, 28 million university graduates and 8.3 million urban residents having difficulty finding jobs found employment.All this kept the overall employment situation stable.全面推进社会保障体系建设，建立新型农村社会养老保险和城镇居民社会养老保险制度，城乡居民基本养老保险实现了制度全覆盖，各项养老保险参保达到7.9亿人。

We made comprehensive progress in developing the social security system: A new old-age insurance system for rural residents and an old-age insurance system for non-working urban residents were established, and the basic old-age insurance system now covers both urban and rural residents.A total of 790 million people are now covered by different old-age insurance schemes.企业退休人员基本养老金从2004年人均每月700元提高到现在的1721元。A total of 790 million people are now covered by different old-age insurance schemes.Basic pensions for enterprise retirees rose from an average of 700 yuan per month in 2004 to 1,721 yuan at present.妥善解决关闭破产企业退休人员、困难企业职工、国有企业老工伤人员、未参保集体企业退休人员社会保险等问题。

We extended social security coverage to retirees of closed or bankrupt enterprises, employees of enterprises with operating difficulties, employees of state-owned enterprises who suffered work-related injuries in the past, and uninsured retirees of collectively owned enterprises.深化医药卫生体制改革，建立新型农村合作医疗制度和城镇居民基本医疗保险制度，We deepened reform of the medical and health care systems, established a new type of rural cooperative medical care system and a basic medical insurance scheme for non-working urban residents.全民基本医保体系初步形成，各项医疗保险参保超过13亿人，We deepened reform of the medical and health care systems, established a new type of rural cooperative medical care system and a basic medical insurance scheme for non-working urban residents.加强城乡基层医疗卫生服务体系建设，建立基本药物制度并在基层医疗机构实施，公立医院改革试点稳步推进。

We improved community-level medical and health care services, and established a system for using basic drugs and implemented it in community-level medical institutions.Steady progress was made in the trial reform of public hospitals.国民健康水平进一步提高，人均预期寿命达到75岁。

People's health further improved, and the average life expectancy reached 75 years.健全城乡居民低保、医疗、教育、法律等救助制度，The systems for aiding needy rural and urban residents with subsistence allowances, medical care, education and legal assistance were improved.改革完善孤儿保障、流浪儿童救助保护、农村五保供养制度。

We reformed and improved systems for providing social security to orphans, helping and protecting homeless children, and giving childless and infirm rural residents assistance in the form of food, clothing, medical care, housing, and burial expenses.颁布实施新的中国妇女、儿童发展纲要，依法保障妇女儿童合法权益。

We promulgated and implemented new programs for the development of Chinese women and children, and protected their legitimate rights and interests in accordance with the law.建立健全城镇保障性住房制度，覆盖面逐步扩大，2012年底已达到12.5%。We established a sound government-subsidized urban housing system and extended it to cover 12.5% of the country's urban households by the end of 2012.社会保障制度建设取得历史性的巨大成就。不断加强和创新社会管理，建立健全应急管理体系，发挥城乡社区自治和服务功能，社会保持和谐稳定。

Historic achievements were made in developing the social security system.We strengthened and made innovations in social management, put in place a sound emergency response system, encouraged urban and rural communities to fully play their self-governance and service roles, and maintained social harmony and stability.六是深化重要领域改革，增强经济社会发展的内在活力。[/cn][en]Sixth, deepening reform in key areas and enhancing the vitality of economic and social development[/en]

[cn]我们不失时机地推进改革，在一些重要领域取得重大进展。

We lost no opportunity to carry out reform and achieved great progress in a number of key areas.大力推进财税体制改革，完善转移支付制度，全面建立县级基本财力保障机制，基层政府提供基本公共服务的能力有所提高；

We vigorously reformed the fiscal and taxation systems, improved the system of transfer payments and established a mechanism for ensuring basic funding for county-level governments across the country.County-and township-level governments became more capable of providing basic public services.由公共财政预算、政府性基金预算、国有资本经营预算、社会保险基金预算组成的预算体系框架基本形成，预算外资金全部纳入预算管理；

We put in place the basic framework of a system of budgets for public finances, government-managed funds, state capital operations and social security funds, and all extra budgetary funds were placed under budgetary management.统一内外资企业税制，实现增值税转型，实施成品油价格和税费改革，开展营业税改征增值税试点，改革资源税制度，财税体制对加快转变经济发展方式的促进作用增强。

We unified the corporate tax systems for domestic and overseas-funded enterprises, implemented VAT reform, reformed pricing of refined oil products and related taxes and fees, carried out pilot projects to replace business tax with VAT, and reformed the resource tax system.This strengthened the role of the fiscal and taxation systems in accelerating the change of the growth model.全面深化金融体制改革，国有大型商业银行股份制改革顺利完成，政策性金融机构改革有序推进，We comprehensively deepened reform of the financial system.Specifically, we smoothly completed the transformation of large state-owned commercial banks into joint-stock companies and carried out reform of policy-based financial institutions in an orderly way.农村信用社改革成效明显，银行业新监管标准实施，创业板、股指期货和融资融券业务相继推出，We made notable achievements in reforming rural credit cooperatives, implemented new oversight and supervision standards in the banking industry, launched the ChiNext stock market, and introduced stock index futures and securities margin trading.保险业改革开放深入推进，人民币汇率形成机制不断完善，利率市场化和资本项目可兑换改革稳步推进，建立宏观审慎政策框架，扩大人民币在跨境贸易和投资中的使用。

We deepened reform of the insurance industry and opened it wider.We improved the mechanism for setting the RMB exchange rate, made steady progress in making interest rates more market-based and promoting the RMB's convertibility under capital accounts, established a macro prudential policy framework, and expanded the use of the RMB in cross-border trade and investment.我国银行、证券、保险业的抗风险能力和国际竞争力显著提升，为成功应对国际金融危机冲击奠定了坚实基础。

China's banking, securities and insurance industries became significantly more resilient to risks and internationally competitive, and they underpinned our successful response to the global financial crisis.国有企业改革不断深化，素质提高，竞争力明显增强。

Reform of state-owned enterprises deepened, their performance improved and their competitiveness was significantly enhanced.制定鼓励和引导民间投资健康发展的指导意见和实施细则，非公有制经济发展环境不断改善。

We formulated the Guidelines on Encouraging and Guiding the Sound Development of Non-governmental Investiment and rules for their implementation, and the environment for the development of the non-public sector of the economy improved.建立生态补偿制度，开展排污权和碳排放权交易试点。

We adopted a system for compensating for ecological damage and carried out trials for trading pollution discharge and carbon emission rights.事业单位分类改革积极推进。

We carried out function-based reform of public institutions.七是坚定不移扩大对外开放，全面提升开放型经济水平。

7.Unswervingly opening wider to the outside world and comprehensively improving the performance ofthe open economy

我们积极应对外部环境的急剧变化，及时出台稳定外需的政策措施，实施市场多元化战略，We actively responded to drastic changes in the external environment, promptly introduced policies and measures to stabilize external demand, and implemented the strategy of diversifying markets.进出口总额年均增长12.2%，从世界第三位提升到第二位，During the past five years, China's import and export volume grew by an annual average of 12.2% and rose from third to second place in the world.其中出口额跃居世界第一位，占国际市场份额比2007年提高2个多百分点，进出口结构优化，贸易大国地位进一步巩固。

China has become the largest exporter in the world, and its international market share increased by over two percentage points over 2007.China's import and export mix improved;and its status as a trading power was further strengthened.五年累计实际利用外资5528亿美元，利用外资的结构和布局明显优化，质量和水平显著提升。

Over the past five years, we utilized US$ 552.8 billion of foreign investment, considerably improved the structure and distribution of this investment, and made much better use of it.加快实施“走出去”战略，鼓励各类企业开展对外投资和跨国经营，We quickened the implementation of the ”go global" strategy and encouraged enterprises of various types to invest and operate overseas.非金融类对外直接投资从2007年的248亿美元上升到2012年的772亿美元，年均增长25.5%，跻身对外投资大国行列。

Non-financial outward direct investment increased from $24.8 billion in 2007 to $77.2 billion in 2012, growing at an average annual rate of 25.5%.This turned China into a major overseas investor country.对外开放有力促进了我国经济发展和结构优化，吸收了先进技术和管理经验，增加了就业和职工收入，也为推动世界经济复苏作出了重要贡献。

Opening up vigorously stimulated China's economic development and structural improvement, brought in advanced foreign technologies and managerial expertise, and increased employment and workers' income, and also made an important contribution to global economic recovery.八是切实加强政府自身建设，进一步深化行政体制改革。

8.Effectively strengthening governance and deepening reform of the administrative system 推进政府机构改革，初步建立职能统一的大部门体制框架。

We proceeded with the reform of government agencies and put in place the basic institutional framework for establishing larger government departments that integrate the functions smaller ones had performed.我们始终把实行科学民主决策、坚持依法行政、推进政务公开、健全监督制度、加强廉政建设作为政府工作的基本准则。

We always observed the following basic norms in exercising governance: making policy decisions scientifically and democratically, conducting administration in accordance with the law, promoting transparency in government operations, improving the oversight system and upholding integrity.在规范行政权力运行，建设服务政府、责任政府、法治政府和廉洁政府方面，采取了一系列新举措，迈出了新步伐。

We adopted new measures and made new progress in exercising government power according to due procedures and in building a service-oriented, accountable, law-based and clean government.坚持科学决策、民主决策、依法决策，健全公众参与、专家论证、风险评估、合法性审查和集体讨论决定等政府决策程序。

We took the following steps to improve government decision-making procedures: making policy decisions scientifically and democratically in accordance with the law;soliciting opinions from the public;and conducting expert evaluation, risk assessment, legality review, and collective discussion.深化行政审批制度改革，五年中分两轮取消和调整行政审批事项498项，We deepened reform of the system of review and approval by government bodies and eliminated or streamlined 498 items requiring such review and approval in two stages over the past five years.国务院各部门取消和调整的审批项目总数达到2497项，占原有审批项目的69.3%。

Departments of the State Council eliminated or streamlined 2,497 items requiring their review and approval, 69.3% ofthe original total.大力推动政务公开，重点推进财政预算决算公开和公务接待、公务车购置使用、因公出国出境经费公开，We took major steps to increase transparency in government operations, with the focus on government budgets and final accounts, as well as on expenditures for official hospitality, purchase and use of official cars, and overseas trips for official purposes.让人民群众更加全面地了解政府工作，更加有效地监督政府行为。

This made it possible for the people to learn more about how the government functions, and thus more effectively oversee its operations.审计监督的力度越来越大，成效越来越明显。全面加强反腐倡廉建设，加强领导干部廉洁自律的监督管理。

Auditing oversight was intensified and became more effective.We comprehensively intensified efforts to fight corruption and build a clean government, and strengthened oversight and supervision of leading officials to ensure that they maintain personal integrity and are self-disciplined.探索建立政府绩效管理制度，建立并切实执行以行政首长为重点的行政问责制度，努力提高行政效能。

We took steps to put in place a system of performance-based management of government officials, established and earnestly enforced the system of governance accountability focusing on leading government officials, and improved efficiency in governance.各位代表！

Fellow Deputies，五年来，我们贯彻民族区域自治法，支持少数民族和民族地区发展的政策体系更加完善，民族团结进步事业焕发出新的蓬勃生机。

Over the past five years, we implemented the Law on Regional Ethnic Autonomy, improved the policy system for supporting the development of ethnic minorities and ethnic minority areas, and infused new vitality into the cause of promoting unity and progress of ethnic groups in China.全面落实宗教信仰自由政策，宗教事务管理的法制化、规范化水平进一步提升。We comprehensively carried out the policy on freedom of religious belief and managed religious affairs on a more law-and procedure-based basis.认真贯彻侨务政策，依法保护海外侨胞和归侨侨眷的合法权益，侨务资源的独特优势得到进一步发挥。

We implemented the policy on overseas Chinese affairs in both letter and spirit, protected the legitimate rights and interests of overseas Chinese and those who have returned to China and their families;and we put their unique strengths to better use.国防和军队建设开创新局面。

New progress was made in strengthening national defense and the armed forces.中国特色军事变革取得重大成就，军队革命化现代化正规化建设协调推进、全面加强，Major achievements were made in the revolution in military affairs with Chinese characteristics.The armed forces made coordinated and all-around progress in becoming more revolutionary, modernized and procedure-based.军事斗争准备不断深化，履行新世纪新阶段历史使命能力显著增强，出色完成一系列急难险重任务。

They deepened their military preparedness, greatly enhanced their ability to carry out their historic mission in the new stage in the new century, and accomplished a number of urgent, difficult, and hazardous tasks.港澳台工作进一步加强。香港、澳门保持繁荣稳定，同内地交流合作提高到新水平。

We strengthened our work related to Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan.Hong Kong and Macao are thriving and stable, and their exchanges and cooperation with the mainland reached a new height.推动两岸关系实现重大转折，两岸直接双向“三通”全面实现，签署实施两岸经济合作框架协议，We achieved a major transition in relations between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits.Complete, direct and two-way links of mail service, transport and trade were established, and the Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement was signed and is being implemented.形成两岸全方位交往格局，开创两岸关系和平发展新局面。

This extended cross-Straits exchanges to all areas and ushered in a new stage of peaceful growth of cross-Straits relations.全方位外交取得新的重大进展。

Major new progress' was made in China's all-around diplomacy.我们积极推进同各大国关系，加强与周边邻国的互利合作关系，顺利建成中国—东盟自贸区，We vigorously developed our relations with other major countries, enhanced mutually beneficial cooperation with our neighbors, and successfully established the China-ASEAN Free Trade Area.推动上海合作组织等区域合作机制发展，深化同广大发展中国家的传统友谊与合作，We spurred the development of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and other mechanisms for promoting regional cooperation, and deepened our traditional friendship and cooperation with other developing countries.积极参与应对国际金融危机、气候变化等全球性问题的国际合作，推动解决国际和地区热点问题，We actively participated in international cooperation on global issues like the global financial crisis and climate change and helped resolve international and regional hot-spot issues.为我国改革发展稳定营造了有利的国际环境，为世界和平稳定发展繁荣作出重要贡献。

We thus fostered an international environment favorable for China's reform, development and stability and made a significant contribution to world peace, stability, development and prosperity.各位代表！

Fellow Deputies，过去五年取得的成就来之不易。这是党中央总揽全局、正确领导的结果，是全党全国各族人民齐心协力、艰苦奋斗的结果。

Our achievements over the past five years did not come easily.We owe them to the broad vision and correct leadership of the party Central Committee and the concerted efforts and arduous work of the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups in China.我代表国务院，向全国工人、农民、知识分子、干部、解放军指战员、武警部队官兵和公安民警，表示诚挚的感谢！

On behalf of the State Council, I extend my sincere gratitude to all workers, farmers, intellectuals, officials, and members of the People's Liberation Army, armed police and public security police.向全国各族人民，向各民主党派、各人民团体和其他各界人士，表示诚挚的感谢！I extend my heartfelt thanks to the people of all our ethnic groups, the democratic parties, people's organizations and leading figures in all sectors of society.向香港特别行政区同胞、澳门特别行政区同胞和台湾同胞以及广大侨胞，表示诚挚的感谢！

I express my sincere thanks to our compatriots in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, the Macao Special Administrative Region and Taiwan, as well as overseas Chinese.向关心和支持中国现代化建设的各国政府、国际组织和各国朋友，表示诚挚的感谢！

I also extend my sincere appreciation to foreign governments, international organizations and foreign friends that have shown understanding for and supported China's modernization drive.我们清醒地认识到，经济社会发展中还存在不少矛盾和问题。主要是：

We are keenly aware that we still face many difficulties and problems in our economic and social development.In particular:

发展中不平衡、不协调、不可持续问题依然突出；

Unbalanced, uncoordinated and unsustainable development remains a prominent problem.经济增长下行压力和产能相对过剩的矛盾有所加剧；

There is a growing conflict between downward pressure on economic growth and excess production capacity.企业生产经营成本上升和创新能力不足问题并存；

There is a growing conflict between downward pressure on economic growth and excess production capacity.财政收入增速放缓和政府刚性支出增加的矛盾凸显；

The growth of government revenue is slowing down while fixed government expenditures are increasing.金融领域存在潜在风险；

There are potential risks in the financial sector.产业结构不合理，农业基础依然薄弱；

There are potential risks in the financial sector.The agricultural foundation is still weak.经济发展与资源环境的矛盾日趋尖锐；

Economic development is increasingly in conflict with resource conservation and environmental protection.城乡、区域发展差距和居民收入分配差距较大；

The development gap between urban and rural areas and between regions is large, and so are income disparities between individuals.社会矛盾明显增多，教育、就业、社会保障、医疗、住房、生态环境、食品药品安全、安全生产、社会治安等关系群众切身利益的问题不少，Social problems have increased markedly, and many problems in the areas of education, employment, social security, medical care, housing, the environment, food and drug safety, workplace safety, and public order affect people's vital interests.部分群众生活困难；

Some people still lead hard lives.制约科学发展的体制机制障碍较多；

There are many systemic and institutional obstacles to developing in a scientific way.政府职能转变不到位，一些领域腐败现象易发多发。

The transformation of government functions has not been fully carried out, and some areas are prone to corruption.这些问题，有些是长期积累的，有些是经济社会发展过程中出现的，有些是政府工作中的缺点和不足造成的。

Some of these problems have built up over time, while others have emerged in the course of economic and social development, and still others have been caused by inadequacies and weaknesses in our government work.我们要以对国家和人民高度负责的精神，更加努力做好工作，加快解决这些问题，决不辜负人民的期望！

We should have a strong sense of responsibility toward our country and people, work harder and solve these problems more quickly in order to meet people's expectations and never let them down.二、今年经济社会发展的总体要求、主要预期目标和宏观经济政策

II.General Requirements, Major Targets and Macroeconomic Policies for This Year's Economic and Social Development

党的十八大科学总结了过去五年的工作和党的十六大以来的奋斗历程和历史性成就，确定了全面建成小康社会和全面深化改革开放的目标，对进一步推进中国特色社会主义事业作出了全面部署。

At its Eighteenth National Congress, the Party scientifically reviewed its work over the previous five years and the historic achievements since its Sixteenth Congress, set forth the objectives of finishing building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and deepening reform and opening up in an all-around way, and laid out an overall plan for advancing the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics.2013年是全面贯彻落实党的十八大精神的开局之年，是实施“十二五”规划承前启后的关键一年，是为全面建成小康社会奠定坚实基础的重要一年。

The year 2013 is the first year for fully carrying out the guiding principles of the Party's Eighteenth National Congress, a crucial year for continuing to implement the Twelfth Five-Year Plan and an important year for laying a solid foundation for finishing building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.我国发展仍处于可以大有作为的重要战略机遇期，经济社会发展具备很多有利条件和积极因素，也面临不少风险和挑战。

China remains in an important period of strategic opportunities during which much can be accomplished.There are many favorable conditions and positive factors as well as a number of risks and challenges for China's economic and social development.国际金融危机深层次影响持续显现，世界经济复苏充满不确定性、不稳定性。The profound impact of the global financial crisis persists, and the recovery of the world economy is full of uncertainty and not yet on a stable footing.我们既要看到形势的积极方面，坚定信心，也要看到形势的复杂性，增强忧患意识和紧迫感，兢兢业业、扎扎实实做好工作。

We should realize that the situation is encouraging and so remain confident;but also that it is complex and so be mindful of adversity, have a keen sense of urgency, and industriously and earnestly do our work well.今年工作的总体要求是：

The general requirements for this year's work are:

深入学习和全面贯彻落实党的十八大精神，Thoroughly study and fully implement the guiding principles of the Eighteenth Party Congress.Hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics.高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，以邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观为指导，紧紧围绕主题主线，以提高经济增长质量和效益为中心，Follow the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of Three Represents and the Scientific Outlook on Development.Take developing in a scientific way as the underlying guideline and accelerating the change of the growth model as the major task.Focus on improving the quality and performance of economic growth.深化改革开放，实施创新驱动战略，稳中求进，开拓创新，扎实开局，Deepen reform and opening up.Implement the strategy of making development more innovation-driven.Make progress while ensuring stability.Blaze new trails in a pioneering spirit.Get off to a good start.全面推进社会主义经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设、生态文明建设，实现经济持续健康发展和社会和谐稳定。

Comprehensively promote socialist economic, political, Cultural, social and ecological progress.Achieve sustained, healthy economic growth and social harmony and stability.今年经济社会发展的主要预期目标是：

The major targets for this year's economic and social development are:

国内生产总值增长7.5%左右，发展的协调性进一步增强； Increase GDP by about 7.5%.Better coordinate development.居民消费价格涨幅3.5%左右；

Hold increases in the CPI to around 3.5%.城镇新增就业900万人以上，城镇登记失业率低于4.6%；

Add more than 9 million urban jobs.Keep the registered urban unemployment rate at or below 4.6%.城乡居民人均收入实际增长与经济增长同步，劳动报酬增长和劳动生产率提高同步；

Ensure that real per capita income for urban and rural residents increases in step with economic growth and that work remuneration rises in step with increases in labor productivity.国际收支状况进一步改善。

Further improve the balance of payments.这里，着重对经济增长和物价总水平两个指标作些说明。

Here, I wish to explain our targets for economic growth and overall prices.关于经济增长目标。这是一个综合性指标，各方面高度关注。今年经济增长预期目标定为7.5%左右，主要基于两方面考虑：

The target for economic growth: This is a general target that is followed closely by all.In setting this year's target for economic growth at about 7.5%, we have taken two factors into account.一方面，要继续抓住机遇、促进发展。这些年，我国制造业积累了较大产能，基础设施状况大为改善，支撑能力明显增强，储蓄率较高，劳动力总量仍然很大。On the one hand, we need to continue to seize opportunities and promote development.Over the years, the capacity ofChina's manufacturing industry has increased considerably and our infrastructure has improved significantly, which means they are better able to sustain development.The rate of savings has been high, and the size of the workforce has remained large.必须优化配置和利用生产要素，保持合理的增长速度，为增加就业、改善民生提供必要条件，为转方式、调结构创造稳定环境；

We must better allocate and employ factors of production and maintain a proper level of economic growth in order to provide necessary conditions for creating jobs and improving people's well-being and to create a stable environment for changing the growth model and adjusting the economic structure.必须使经济增长与潜在增长率相协调，与生产要素的供给能力和资源环境的承受能力相适应。

We must ensure that economic growth is in accord with the potential economic growth rate, the ability to supply factors of production, and the bearing capacity of resources and the environment.另一方面，要切实按照科学发展观的要求，引导各方面把工作重心放到加快转变经济发展方式和调整经济结构上，放到提高经济增长的质量和效益上，推动经济持续健康发展。

On the other hand, we should, in accordance with the Scientific Outlook on Development, guide all the people to shift the focus of their work to accelerating the change of the growth model, adjusting the economic structure and improving the quality and performance of economic growth, so as to promote sustained and healthy economic development.综合权衡，今年的经济增长目标定为7.5%左右是必要的、适宜的，实现这个目标需要付出艰苦努力。

In light of these considerations, we deem it necessary and appropriate to set this year's target for economic growth at about 7.5%, a goal that we will have to work hard to attain.关于物价总水平。保持物价总水平基本稳定始终是宏观调控的重要目标。

The target for overall prices: Maintaining basic stability of overall prices has always been an important macro-control target.去年居民消费价格涨幅回落到2.6%，这是我们控制通货膨胀取得的一个重要成果，也与经济运行整体态势有关。

Last year, the rise in the CPI dropped to 2.6%.This was an important result of our efforts to curb inflation, and it was also due to the overall economic performance.今年通货膨胀压力仍然较大，主要是：

This year, China is still under considerable inflationary pressure.The main reasons are:

我国土地、劳动力等要素价格，农产品和服务类价格都存在上涨压力；

There is upward pressure on the prices of land, labor and other factors of production and the prices of farm products and services.主要发达国家实行宽松货币政策并不断加码，输入性通货膨胀压力不容忽视； Major developed countries are increasingly carrying out easy monetary policies, and imported inflationary pressure cannot be overlooked.理顺能源资源价格需要留出一定空间；

We need to leave some room for adjusting the prices of energy and resources.去年价格上涨的翘尾影响约有1个百分点。

The carry-over effect of the CPI increase in 2012 will contribute roughly one percentage point to this year's CPI growth rate.消费价格涨幅控制在3.5%左右，是充分考虑各方面因素后作出的选择。

Taking all these factors fully into account, we have set the target for increases in the CPI at around 3.5% for this year.要切实保障重要商品供给，搞活流通，降低物流成本，加强市场价格监管，保持物价总水平基本稳定。

We should effectively ensure the supply of major commodities, boost distribution of goods, reduce logistics costs, tighten oversight over market prices, and keep overall prices basically stable.实现上述目标，必须继续实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策，保持政策连续性和稳定性，增强前瞻性、针对性和灵活性。

To reach the above targets, we must continue to implement a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy, maintain continuity and stability of our policies, and make them more forward-looking, targeted and flexible.继续实施积极的财政政策。更好地发挥积极财政政策在稳增长、调结构、促改革、惠民生中的作用。

We will continue to implement a proactive fiscal policy.We should make our proactive fiscal policy play a bigger role in ensuring steady growth, adjusting the structure, advancing reform, and benefiting the people.一是适当增加财政赤字和国债规模。今年拟安排财政赤字1.2万亿元，比去年预算增加4000亿元，First, we will increase the deficit and government debt by appropriate amounts.This year we are projecting a deficit of 1.2 trillion yuan, 400 billion more than the budgeted figure last year.其中中央财政赤字8500亿元，代地方发债3500亿元。

This consists of a central government deficit of 850 billion yuan and 350 billion yuan in bonds to be issued on behalf of local.governments.这主要是考虑到结构性减税的滞后效应，今年财政收入增长不会太快，但财政刚性支出增加，The time-lag of past structural tax cuts will make it hard for government revenue to grow fast this year, while fixed government expenditures will increase.特别是要增加保障改善民生支出，保持对经济增长和结构调整的支持力度，适当扩大财政赤字和国债规模是必要的。

In particular, it is necessary to increase spending to ensure and improve people's well-being and maintain support for economic growth and structural adjustment.Consequently, we deem it necessary to appropriately increase the deficit and government debt.同时，目前我国债务负担率相对较低，今年增加赤字后，赤字率在2%左右，总体上处于安全水平。

It should be noted that China has a relatively low debt-to-GDP ratio, and the increase in the deficit this year will bring the deficit-to-GDP ratio to about 2%, which is overall at a safe level.二是结合税制改革完善结构性减税政策。

Second, we will improve the structural tax cut policy as we continue to reform the tax system.重点是加快推进营业税改征增值税试点工作，完善试点办法，适时扩大试点地区和行业范围。

The focus will be on accelerating the pilot project to replace business tax with VAT, improving the way these trials are conducted and extending them to more areas and sectors in a timely manner.三是着力优化财政支出结构。继续向教育、医药卫生、社会保障等民生领域和薄弱环节倾斜，Third, we will work hard to optimize the structure of government expenditures.We will continue to give priority to spending on education, medical and health care, social security and other weak areas that are important to people's well-being.严格控制行政经费等一般性支出，勤俭办一切事业。

We will strictly limit regular expenditures like administrative expenses, and practice thrift in everything we do.中央预算内投资主要投向保障性安居工程，农业、水利、城市管网等基础设施，社会事业等民生工程，节能减排和生态环境等领域。

Investment from the central government budget will be mainly made in government-subsidized housing projects;infrastructure projects related to agriculture, water conservancy and urban utilities networks;social programs and other projects to improve people's well-being;and energy conservation, emissions reduction and environmental protection.四是继续加强地方政府性债务管理。妥善处理债务偿还和在建项目后续融资问题，积极推进地方政府性债务管理制度建设，合理控制地方政府性债务水平。Fourth, we will continue to strengthen management of local government debt.We will properly handle debt repayment and follow-up financing for ongoing projects, put in place a system for managing local government debt and keep such debt at an appropriate level.继续实施稳健的货币政策。把握好促进经济增长、稳定物价和防范金融风险之间的平衡。

We will continue to implement a prudent monetary policy.We will maintain a balance between boosting economic growth, keeping prices stable and guarding against financial risks.一是健全宏观审慎政策框架，发挥货币政策逆周期调节作用。

First, we will improve the policy framework for exercising macro-control prudently and have monetary policy play the role of making counter-cyclic adjustments.广义货币Ｍ2预期增长目标拟定为13%左右。综合运用多种货币政策工具，调节市场流动性，保持货币信贷合理增长，适当扩大社会融资规模。

The target for growth of the broad money supply(M2)is about 13%.We will employ a full range of monetary policy tools to control market liquidity, increase the money and credit supply at an appropriate pace, and expand the aggregate financing for the economy by an appropriate amount.完善货币政策传导机制，加强金融监管与货币政策的协调，不断优化监管标准和监管方式。

We will improve the transmission mechanism for monetary policy, better coordinate financial oversight and monetary policy, and improve oversight standards and their implementation.二是促进金融资源优化配置。引导金融机构加大对经济结构调整特别是“三农”、小微企业、战略性新兴产业等的金融支持，满足国家重点在建续建项目资金需求。Second, we will better allocate financial resources.We will guide financial institutions to increase financial support for structural adjustments to the economy, especially for agriculture, rural areas and farmers, small and micro businesses, and strategic emerging industries, and satisfy funding needs for key national projects under construction or expansion.拓宽实体经济融资渠道，降低实体经济融资成本。促进资本市场稳定健康发展。We will broaden financing channels for the real economy and reduce its financing costs.We will promote steady and healthy development of the capital market.三是守住不发生系统性和区域性金融风险底线。引导金融机构稳健经营，加强对局部和区域性风险以及金融机构表外业务风险的监管，提高金融支持经济发展的可持续性。

Third, we will resolutely guard against systemic and regional financial risks.We will guide financial institutions to operate prudently, and we will tighten oversight over financial risks in certain sectors and regions and risks related to the off-balance sheet activities of financial institutions, and thus make the financial sector's support for economic development more sustainable.三、对今年政府工作的建议

III.Suggestions for the Work of the Government This Year

结合过去十年特别是近五年工作的体会，对今年政府主要工作提出以下建议。Based on an understanding of the work of the past ten years, especially of the past five years, I wish to make the following suggestions for the government's main work this year.（一）加快转变经济发展方式，促进经济持续健康发展。

1.Accelerating the change ofthe growth model and promoting sustained and sound economic development

我国社会主义现代化建设取得的一切成就都建立在经济持续健康发展的基础之上，经济不发展，什么事情都办不成。

All the achievements we havemade in China's socialist modernization are attributable to sustained and sound economic development, without which we would have accomplished nothing.我国仍处于并将长期处于社会主义初级阶段的基本国情没有变，人民日益增长的物质文化需要同落后的社会生产之间的矛盾这一社会主要矛盾没有变，我国是世界上最大发展中国家的国际地位没有变，发展仍是解决我国所有问题的关键。China is still in the primary stage of socialism and will remain so for a long time.This basic national condition has not changed;nor has the principal problem in our society, that is, production falls short of the ever-growing material and cultural needs of the people, or China's international position as the largest developing country in the world.Development is still the key to solving all our problems.必须坚持以经济建设为中心，聚精会神搞建设，一心一意谋发展。

We must keep economic development as the central task and give it our undivided attention.只要我们牢牢把握发展的重要战略机遇期，尊重发展规律，创新发展理念，破解发展难题，加快转变经济发展方式，在发展中促转变，在转变中谋发展，就一定能实现经济持续健康发展。

As long as we make full use of this important period of strategic opportunities, respect the law of development, formulate new thinking on development, solve problems hindering development, accelerate the change of the growth model, spur change in the course of pursuing development, and promote development while working for change, we can certainly achieve sustained and sound economic development.要坚定不移地把扩大内需作为经济发展的长期战略方针，充分发挥消费的基础作用和投资的关键作用。

We should unswervingly take expanding domestic demand as our long-term strategy for economic development, and make full use of the basic function of consumption and the key role of investment.扩大内需的难点和重点在消费，潜力也在消费。

The difficulty in and key to expanding domestic demand lie in consumption, and that is also where the potential lies.扩大居民消费要在提高消费能力、稳定消费预期、增强消费意愿、改善消费环境上下功夫，不断提高消费对经济增长的拉动力。

To expand individual consumption, we should enhance people's ability to consume, keep their consumption expectations stable, boost their desire to consume, improve the consumption environment and make economic growth more consumption-driven.现阶段，投资在促进经济增长中的作用不可低估。

In the current stage, the role investment plays in promoting economic growth cannot be underestimated.我国既有投资能力，又有投资需求，关键在于选准方向、优化结构、提高投资的质量和效益。

China has both investment capability and investment demand, but the key is to make investment in the needed sectors, optimize the structure of investment, and improve its performance and returns.政府投资对社会投资具有十分重要的导向作用，但占全社会投资的比重越来越小，必须进一步放宽民间投资市场准入，激发民间投资活力。

Governmental investment is important in guiding non-governmental investment, but its share of the country's total investment is decreasing, so we must further relax controls over market access for nongovernmental investment and stimulate it.要大力推进转变经济发展方式，加快产业结构调整。

We should energetically change the growth model and speed up structural adjustment of industry.我国生产力发展水平具有多层次性，回旋余地很大，无论传统产业还是新兴产业、劳动密集型产业还是资金密集型产业，都有发展的空间，China's productive forces develop on multiple levels, which gives us plenty of room to maneuver.Industries, whether traditional or emerging, labor-intensive or capital-intensive, all have room for development.重要的是优化资源配置和产业布局，解决产能过剩、核心技术缺乏、产品附加值低的问题，解决低水平重复建设和地区产业结构趋同的问题。

The important task is to optimize resources allocation and industrial distribution, and solve the following problems: excess production capacity, the lack of core technology, products with low value-added, low-level and redundant industrial projects, and different regions having similar industrial structures.必须加快改造提升传统产业，大力发展高新技术产业，提高产品质量和市场竞争力。

We must accelerate the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, energetically develop new-and high-tech industries, and raise product quality and competitiveness.要加强政策引导，鼓励企业跨行业跨区域跨所有制兼并重组，利用市场倒逼机制促进优胜劣汰。

We should strengthen policy guidance;encourage enterprise acquisitions and reorganizations across industries, regions and forms of ownership;and allow market forces to determine enterprises' success or failure.以扩大国内市场应用、重要关键技术攻关为重点，推动战略性新兴产业健康发展。We should promote sound development of strategic emerging industries, with the focus on expanding their share in the domestic market and making breakthroughs in major and key technologies.积极推动信息化和工业化融合，加快建设新一代信息基础设施，促进信息网络技术广泛应用。

We should promote the integration of IT application and industrialization, more quickly build next-generation information and communication infrastructure, and spread the use of information network technology.坚持生产性服务业和生活性服务业并重，现代服务业和传统服务业并举，进一步发展壮大服务业。

We should develop and expand the service sector, and attach equal importance to producer and consumer service industries and to modern and traditional service industries.要顺应人民群众对美好生活环境的期待，大力加强生态文明建设和环境保护。生态环境关系人民福祉，关乎子孙后代和民族未来。

In response to people's expectations of having a good living environment, we should greatly strengthen ecological improvement and environmental protection.The state of the ecological environment affects the level of people's well-being and also posterity and the future of our nation.要坚持节约资源和保护环境的基本国策，着力推进绿色发展、循环发展、低碳发展。

We should adhere to the basic state policy of conserving resources and protecting the environment and endeavor to promote green, circular, and low-carbon development.大力推进能源资源节约和循环利用，重点抓好工业、交通、建筑、公共机构等领域节能，控制能源消费总量，降低能耗、物耗和二氧化碳排放强度。

We should greatly boost the conservation and reuse of energy and resources, give priority to saving energy in industry, transportation and construction and in public institutions, restrict total energy consumption, and reduce energy and materials consumption and carbon dioxide emissions.要加快调整经济结构和布局，抓紧完善标准、制度和法规体系，We should speed up adjusting the economic structure and distribution and upgrading related standards, practices, and laws and regulations.采取切实的防治污染措施，促进生产方式和生活方式的转变，We should adopt effective measures to prevent and control pollution and change the way we work and live.下决心解决好关系群众切身利益的大气、水、土壤等突出环境污染问题，改善环境质量，维护人民健康，用实际行动让人民看到希望。

We should resolve to solve the problems of serious air, water, and soil pollution that affect the people's vital interests;improve environmental quality, and safeguard people's health, and give the people hope through our concrete action.要做好气象、地质、地震等方面工作，提高防灾减灾能力。

We should do our meteorological, geological and seismic work well and become better able to prevent and mitigate natural disasters.优化国土空间开发格局，合理控制开发强度，调整空间结构。

We should optimize development of the country's territory, carry out development at a proper pace and adjust its spatial layout.加强海洋综合管理，发展海洋经济，提高海洋资源开发能力，保护海洋生态环境，维护国家海洋权益。

We should strengthen comprehensive marine management, develop the marine economy, become better able to exploit marine resources, protect the marine ecological environment, and safeguard China's maritime rights and interests.要继续深入实施区域发展总体战略，促进区域经济协调发展。

We should continue to fully implement the master strategy for regional development and promote balanced development between regions.充分发挥各地比较优势，统筹规划、分类指导，We should make full use of the comparative strengths of each region, make plans comprehensively and give guidance tailored to different circumstances.优先推进西部大开发，全面振兴东北地区等老工业基地，大力促进中部地区崛起，积极支持东部地区率先发展，We should give high priority to large-scale development of the western region, fully revitalize the old industrial bases in northeast China, spur the rise of the central region, and support the eastern region in taking the lead in development.加大对革命老区、民族地区、边疆地区、贫困地区扶持力度，深入推进集中连片特殊困难地区扶贫攻坚。

We should increase support for old revolutionary base areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas and poor areas and alleviate poverty in contiguous areas with acute difficulties.（二）强化农业农村发展基础，推动城乡发展一体化。

2.Strengthening the foundation for agriculture and rural development and promoting integrated urban and rural development

近些年是我国农业发展最快、农村面貌变化最大、农民得到实惠最多的时期。In recent years, China's agriculture has developed faster, its rural areas have undergone more significant changes, and its rural residents have received more tangible benefits than in another period.当前，农业农村发展进入一个新阶段，呈现出农业生产综合成本上升、农产品供求结构性矛盾突出、农村社会结构深刻变动、城乡发展加快融合的态势，Agriculture and rural development in China have now entered a new stage in which overall agricultural production costs are rising, structural problems in the supply and demand of agricultural products are worsening, the rural social structure is undergoing profound changes, and integration of urban and rural development is speeding up.全面建成小康社会的重点难点仍然在农村。

All the major and difficult problems that we face in finishing building a moderately prosperous society in all respects are in rural areas.必须坚持把解决好“三农”问题作为全部工作的重中之重，这是历史经验的科学总结，既管当前，也管长远，是长期指导思想。

We must make solving issues relating to agriculture, rural areas and farmers the number one priority in all our work.This is a scientific conclusion drawn from our historical experience and a long-term guiding principle applicable to both the present and the future.农村土地制度关乎农村的根本稳定，也关乎中国的长远发展，其核心是要保障农民的财产权益，底线是严守18亿亩耕地红线。

The rural land system is central to maintaining rural' stability and ensuring China's long-term development.Its main purpose is to guarantee farmers' property rights and interests, and its main objective is to ensure that China's farmland remains at or above the red line of 120 million hectares.要坚持以家庭承包经营为基础，支持发展多种形式新型农民合作组织和多层次的农业社会化服务组织，逐步构建集约化、专业化、组织化、社会化相结合的新型农业经营体系，We should continue to make household contracts the basis of rural operations, support the development of new farmers' cooperatives of various forms and multilevel commercial organizations that provide agricultural services, and gradually establish a new type of system of intensive agricultural operations that are specialized, well organized and commercialized.始终注重保护法律赋予农民的财产权利，调动农民积极性。

We should always protect farmers' legitimate property rights and keep them motivated.毫不放松粮食生产，建设高标准基本农田，推广先进技术，增强农业综合生产能力，保障粮食和重要农产品的有效供给。

We should always give high priority to grain production, develop high-yield basic farmland, spread advanced technologies, increase overall agricultural production capacity, and effectively ensure the supply of grain and other important agricultural products.要继续加大“三农”投入，加强农村基础设施建设和基本公共服务体系建设，推动城乡发展一体化，We should continue to increase spending on agriculture, rural areas and farmers;improve infrastructure and basic public services in rural areas;and promote integration of urban and rural development.形成以工促农、以城带乡、工农互惠、城乡一体的新型工农、城乡关系。

We should build a new type of relations between industry and agriculture and between urban and rural areas in which industry promotes agriculture, urban areas support rural development, industry and agriculture reinforce each other, and urban development and rural development are integrated.要采取有效措施，稳定农业生产经营队伍，积极培育新型农民。

We should take effective measures to keep the agricultural workforce stable and train a new type of farmers.城镇化是我国现代化建设的历史任务，与农业现代化相辅相成。

Urbanization is a historical task in China's modernization drive, and urbanization and agricultural modernization complement each other.要遵循城镇化的客观规律，积极稳妥推动城镇化健康发展。

We should conform to the objective law of urbanization and carry it out actively yet prudently.坚持科学规划、合理布局、城乡统筹、节约用地、因地制宜、提高质量。

We should promote sound development of urbanization by making plans scientifically, balancing geographical distribution, coordinating urban and rural development, using land economically, and tailoring measures to local conditions.特大城市和大城市要合理控制规模，充分发挥辐射带动作用；

Megacities and large cities should be kept at an appropriate scale and fully play their role in driving the development of their surrounding areas.中小城市和小城镇要增强产业发展、公共服务、吸纳就业、人口集聚功能。Small and medium-sized cities and small towns should become better able to develop industries, provide public services, create jobs, and attract residents.加快推进户籍制度、社会管理体制和相关制度改革，有序推进农业转移人口市民化，逐步实现城镇基本公共服务覆盖常住人口，为人们自由迁徙、安居乐业创造公平的制度环境。

We should accelerate reform of the household registration system, the social management system and related institutions;register eligible rural workers as permanent urban residents in an orderly manner;progressively expand the coverage of basic public services in urban areas to all their permanent residents;and create an equitable institutional environment for freedom of movement and for people to live and work in contentment.村庄建设要注意保持乡村风貌，营造宜居环境，使城镇化和新农村建设良性互动。In improving village conditions, we should preserve their distinctive rural flavor, make their environment more livable, and ensure that urbanization and the building of a new countryside reinforce each other.三）以保障和改善民生为重点，全面提高人民物质文化生活水平。

3.Giving high priority to ensuring and improving people s wellbeing and comprehensively improving their material and cultural lives

2003年抗击突如其来的非典疫情给我们的重要启示之一，就是要统筹经济社会发展。这些年我们在发展经济的同时，更加重视保障改善民生和发展社会事业，政府工作力度之大、财政投入资金之多前所未有。

An important lesson we learned in our response to the sudden outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS)in 2003 is that economic development and social development need to be coordinated.In developing the economy in the years since then, we have placed greater importance on ensuring and improving people's well-being and developing social programs, and the government has made greater efforts and provided more funding in this area than ever before.经过不懈努力，我国经济社会发展的协调性明显增强。

These unremitting efforts have resulted in much better coordination of China's economic and social development.当前社会结构、社会组织形式、社会利益格局发生深刻变化，社会矛盾明显增多。These unremitting efforts have resulted in much better coordination of China's economic and social development.我们必须把保障和改善民生作为政府一切工作的出发点和落脚点，放在更加突出的位置，着力加强社会建设。

We must make ensuring and improving people's well-being the starting point and goal of all the government's work, give higher priority to it, and strive to strengthen social development.千方百计扩大就业。坚持实施就业优先战略和更加积极的就业政策，We should do all we can to increase employment.We should persevere in implementing the strategy of giving top priority to employment and adopt a more proactive employment policy.通过稳定经济增长和调整经济结构增加就业岗位，加强职业技能培训，提高劳动者就业创业能力，We should create more jobs by maintaining stable economic growth and adjusting the economic structure and provide better vocational skills training to help people to find jobs of start their own businesses.加大投入和政策支持，完善就业服务体系，鼓励创业带动就业，做好重点人群就业工作，促进城乡居民收入持续稳定增长。

We should increase government spending and policy support, improve the employment services system, stimulate employment by encouraging business start-ups, assist target groups in finding jobs, and stimulate sustained, steady increases in urban and rural incomes.完善社会保障制度。坚持全覆盖、保基本、多层次、可持续方针，We should improve the social security system.We should continue to follow the policy of making coverage universal, ensuring basic care, and providing multilevel and sustainable social security.不断扩大社会保障覆盖面，提高统筹层次和保障水平，加强各项制度的完善和衔接，增强公平性，适应流动性，保证可持续性。

We should expand the coverage of social security, turn over the overall management of social security accounts to higher-level authorities, raise social security benefits, improve and coordinate all social security programs, make social security more equitable and sustainable, and facilitate the smooth transfer of social security accounts between localities.今年企业退休人员基本养老金继续提高10%，城乡低保和优抚对象补助标准也进一步提高。

This year, basic old-age pensions for enterprise retirees should be raised by another 10%, and subsistence allowances for urban and rural residents and subsidies for entitled groups should also be further raised.要加大对社会养老服务体系和儿童福利机构建设的支持力度。

Greater support should be given to developing child welfare agencies and the system of social services for the elderly.深化医药卫生事业改革发展。巩固完善基本药物制度和基层医疗卫生机构运行新机制，加快公立医院改革，鼓励社会办医。

We should advance reform and development of medical and health care services, consolidate and improve the system for using basic drugs and the new operating mechanisms of community-level medical and health care institutions, speed up the reform of public hospitals, and encourage non-governmental bodies to operate hospitals.扶持中医药和民族医药事业发展。

We should support development of traditional Chinese medicine and ethnic minority medicine.健全全民医保体系，建立重特大疾病保障和救助机制，全面开展儿童白血病等20种重大疾病保障试点工作。

We should improve the universal medical insurance system, establish a mechanism to provide insurance and aid for treating major and very serious diseases, and conduct a pilot project to insure against childhood leukemia and 20 other serious diseases.今年新农合和城镇居民基本医疗保险财政补助标准由每人每年240元提高到280元，人均基本公共卫生服务经费标准由25元提高到30元。

This year, annual government subsidies for the new rural cooperative medical care system and basic medical insurance for non-working urban residents should be raised from 240 yuan to 280 yuan per person respectively, and the per person payment standard for basic public health services should be increased from 25 yuan to 30 yuan.逐步完善人口政策。坚持计划生育基本国策，适应我国人口总量和结构变动趋势，统筹解决好人口数量、素质、结构和分布问题，促进人口长期均衡发展。

We should progressively improve the government population policy.We should adhere to the basic state policy on family planning.In response to changes in the size and structure of China's total population, we should comprehensively solve problems relating to the size, health, structure and geographical distribution of the population and promote long-term, balanced population development.重视发展老龄事业，切实保障妇女和未成年人权益，关心和支持残疾人事业。We should boost the development of elderly services, protect the rights and interests of women and minors, and take an interest in and support programs that benefit people with disabilities.加强和创新社会管理。改进政府提供公共服务方式，加强基层社会管理和服务体系建设，完善村民自治、城市居民自治制度，保证人民群众依法直接行使民主权利，管理基层公共事务和公益事业。

We should strengthen and make innovations in social management.We should improve the way the government provides public services, strengthen the system of social management and services at the community level, and improve self-governance by villagers and urban residents, to ensure that the people directly exercise their democratic rights in accordance with the law by managing community-level public affairs and running public service programs.改革社会组织管理体制，引导社会组织健康有序发展。

We should reform the management system for social organizations, and guide their sound and orderly development.建立健全维护群众权益机制，完善人民调解、行政调解、司法调解联动的工作体系，健全法律援助制度，推动涉法涉诉信访工作改革，We should establish a sound mechanism for safeguarding people's rights and interests;improve the integrated system of mediation by the people, administrative mediation and judicial mediation;strengthen the system of legal assistance;and carry out reform of the handling of people's complaints about legal and litigation-related issues.畅通和规范群众诉求表达、利益协调、权益保障渠道，We should maintain open and regular channels for people to voice their demands, and we should coordinate the people's interests and protect their rights and interests.健全重大决策社会稳定风险评估和突发事件应急管理机制，维护社会公共安全，促进社会和谐稳定。

We should improve the mechanism for assessing potential risks major policy decisions may pose to social stability and the emergency response mechanism.The purpose of all this work is to preserve law and order and promote social harmony and stability.食品药品安全是人们关注的突出问题，要改革和健全食品药品安全监管体制，加强综合协调联动，Food and drug safety is a prominent issue of widespread concern.We should reform and improve mechanisms for overseeing and supervising food and drug safety and strengthen overall coordination.落实企业主体责任，严格从生产源头到消费的全程监管，加快形成符合国情、科学合理的食品药品安全体系，提升食品药品安全保障水平。

We should require enterprises to assume primary responsibility for safety, exercise strict oversight and supervision throughout the whole process from production to consumption, and move faster to establish a scientific and effective food and drug safety system that suits China's national conditions so as to better ensure food and drug safety.强化公共安全体系和企业安全生产基础建设，遏制重特大安全事故。

We should strengthen the public safety system and improve workplace safety conditions to prevent accidents, especially major and very serious ones.加强房地产市场调控和保障性安居工程建设。坚决抑制投机、投资性需求，抓紧完善稳定房价工作责任制和房地产市场调控政策体系，健全房地产市场稳定健康发展长效机制。

We should tighten regulation of the real estate market and strengthen construction of government-subsidized housing.We need to firmly rein in speculative and investment-driven housing demand, promptly improve the accountability system for stabilizing housing prices and the policies for regulating the real estate market, and strengthen mechanisms for sustaining its steady and sound development.继续抓好保障性安居工程建设和管理，让老百姓住上放心房、满意房。

We should continue to build and manage government-subsidized housing for the people so they have housing they are satisfied with.今年城镇保障性住房基本建成470万套、新开工630万套，继续推进农村危房改造。This year, 4.7 million government-subsidized urban housing units should be basically completed, construction of another 6.3 million units should begin, and renovation of dilapidated rural houses should continue.教育和科技在现代化建设中具有基础性、先导性、全局性作用，文化是民族的血脉和人民的精神家园，必须放在更加重要的战略位置。

Education, science and technology playa fundamental, guiding and global role in the country's modernization drive, and culture is essential for the long-term vitality of a nation and gives the people a sense of belonging.They must therefore occupy a position of greater strategic importance.继续推进教育优先发展。目前我国财政性教育经费支出总额已经超过2万亿元，今后还要继续增加，必须把这些钱用好，让人民满意。

We should continue to give top priority to developing education.China's annual government expenditures on education already exceed two trillion yuan and should continue to increase.We must make good use of such funding to the satisfaction of the people.要进一步深化教育综合改革，切实解决社会普遍关注的重大问题。

We need to deepen comprehensive education reform and effectively solve major issues of public concern.着力推动义务教育均衡发展，加快发展现代职业教育，提高各级各类教育质量，进一步促进教育公平，为国家发展提供强大的人力资源支撑。

We should boost balanced development of compulsory education, accelerate development of modem vocational education and raise the quality of education of all types and at all levels.This should help make education more equitable and provide strong human resources support for China's development.深化科技体制改革。推动科技与经济紧密结合，着力构建以企业为主体、市场为导向、产学研相结合的技术创新体系。

We should deepen reform of the management system for science and technology.We should integrate science and technology more closely with the economy, and establish a technological innovation system that is based on enterprises, guided by the market, and integrates enterprises, universities and research institutes.

第四篇：温家宝总理政府工作报告

温家宝总理政府工作报告

——2012年3月5日在第十一届全国人民代表大会

第五次会议

各位代表：

现在，我代表国务院，向大会报告政府工作，请各位代表审议，并请全国政协委员提出意见。

一、2011年工作回顾

过去的一年，面对复杂多变的国际政治经济环境和艰巨繁重的国内改革发展任务，全国各族人民在中国共产党领导下，同心同德，团结奋进，改革开放和社会主义现代化建设取得新的重大成就。国内生产总值47．2万亿元，比上年增长9．2%；公共财政收入10．37万亿元，增长24．8%；粮食产量57121万吨，再创历史新高；城镇新增就业1221万人，城镇居民人均可支配收入和农村居民人均纯收入实际增长8．4%和11．4%。我们巩固和扩大了应对国际金融危机冲击成果，实现了“十二五”时期良好开局。

一年来，我们主要做了以下工作：

（一）加强和改善宏观调控，遏制物价过快上涨，实现经济平稳较快发展。我们实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策，坚持正确处理保持经济平稳较快发展、调整经济结构和管理通胀预期的关系，更加注重把握好政策实施的重点、力度和节奏，努力做到调控审慎灵活、适时适度，不断提高政策的针对性、灵活性和前瞻性。在全球通胀预期不断增强，国际市场大宗商品价格高位波动，国内要素成本明显上升，部分农产品供给偏紧的严峻形势下，我们把稳定物价总水平作为宏观调控的首要任务，坚持综合施策，合理运用货币政策工具，调节货币信贷增速，大力发展生产，保障供给，搞活流通，加强监管，居民消费价格指数、工业生产者出厂价格指数涨幅从8月份起逐月回落，扭转了一度过快上涨势头。下半年，世界经济不稳定性不确定性上升，国内经济运行出现一些新情况新问题，我们一方面坚持宏观调控的基本取向不变，保持宏观经济政策基本稳定，继续控制通货膨胀；一方面适时适度预调微调，加强信贷政策与产业政策的协调配合，加大结构性减税力度，重点支持实体经济特别是小型微型企业，重点支持民生工程特别是保障性安居工程，重点保证国家重大在建、续建项目的资金需要，有针对性地解决经济运行中的突出矛盾。我们坚定不移地加强房地产市场调控，确保调控政策落到实处、见到实效。投机、投资性需求得到明显抑制，多数城市房价环比下降，调控效果正在显现。我们高度重视防范和化解财政金融领域的潜在风险隐患，及时对地方政府性债务进行全面审计，摸清了多年形成的地方政府性债务的总规模、形成原因、偿还时限和区域分布。这些债务在经济社会发展中发挥了积极作用，形成了大量优质资产；也存在一些风险隐患，特别是部分偿债能力较弱地区存在局部性风险。我们认真开展债务清理整顿和规范工作，严格控制增量，积极稳妥解决债务偿还和在建项目后续融资问题。目前，我国政府性债务水平是可控的、安全的。总的看，我国国民经济继续朝着宏观调控预期方向发展，抗风险能力不断增强，呈现增长较快、价格趋稳、效益较好、民生改善的良好态势。

（二）加快转变经济发展方式，提高发展的协调性和产业的竞争力。我们坚持有扶有控，促进结构调整和优化升级，增强发展后劲。巩固和加强农业基础。全面落实强农惠农富农政策，加大农业生产补贴力度，稳步提高粮食最低收购价，加强以农田水利为重点的农业农村基础设施建设，开展农村土地整治，加

强农业科技服务和抗灾减灾，中央财政“三农”支出超过1万亿元，比上年增加1839亿元。农业全面丰收，粮食总产量实现了历史罕见的“八连增”，连续5年超万亿斤，标志着我国粮食综合生产能力稳定跃上新台阶。继续推进农村危房改造，解决了6398万农村人口的饮水安全和60万无电地区人口的用电问题，农村生产生活条件进一步改善。

加快产业结构优化升级。大力培育战略性新兴产业，新能源、新材料、生物医药、高端装备制造、新能源汽车快速发展，三网融合、云计算、物联网试点示范工作步伐加快。企业兼并重组取得新进展。支持重点产业振兴和技术改造，中央预算投资安排150亿元，支持4000多个项目，带动总投资3000亿元。加快发展信息咨询、电子商务等现代服务业，新兴服务领域不断拓宽。交通运输产业快速发展，经济社会发展的基础进一步夯实。

推进节能减排和生态环境保护。发布实施“十二五”节能减排综合性工作方案、控制温室气体排放工作方案和加强环境保护重点工作的意见。清洁能源发电装机达到2．9亿千瓦，比上年增加3356万千瓦。加强重点节能环保工程建设，新增城镇污水日处理能力1100万吨，5000多万千瓦新增燃煤发电机组全部安装脱硫设施。加大对高耗能、高排放和产能过剩行业的调控力度，淘汰落后的水泥产能1．5亿吨、炼铁产能3122万吨、焦炭产能1925万吨。实施天然林保护二期工程并提高补助标准，实行草原生态保护奖补政策，开展湖泊生态环境保护试点。植树造林9200多万亩。

促进区域经济协调发展。深入实施区域发展总体战略和全国主体功能区规划。出台实施促进西藏、新疆等地区跨越式发展的一系列优惠政策。制定实施新10年农村扶贫开发纲要和兴边富民行动规划。区域发展协调性进一步增强，中西部和东北地区主要经济指标增速高于全国平均水平，东部地区产业转型升级步伐加快。城镇化率超过50%，这是中国社会结构的一个历史性变化。胜利完成四川汶川特大地震灾后恢复重建任务，积极推进青海玉树、甘肃舟曲、云南盈江抗灾救灾和恢复重建工作。

（三）大力发展社会事业，促进经济社会协调发展。各级政府加大对科技、教育、文化、卫生、体育事业的投入，全国财政支出2．82万亿元。

持续提升科技创新能力。加强基础研究和前沿技术研究。实施国家科技重大专项，突破一些关键核心技术，填补了多项重大产品和装备的空白。天宫一号目标飞行器与神舟八号飞船先后成功发射并顺利交会对接，成为我国载人航天发展史上新的里程碑。

扎实推进教育公平。深入贯彻落实教育改革和发展规划纲要。经过25年坚持不懈的努力，全面实现九年制义务教育。免除3000多万名农村寄宿制学生住宿费，其中1228万名中西部家庭经济困难学生享受生活补助。建立起完整的家庭经济困难学生资助体系。初步解决农民工随迁子女在城市接受义务教育的问题。推动实施“学前教育三年行动计划”，提高幼儿入园率。大力发展职业教育。加强中小学教师培训工作，扩大中小学教师职称制度改革试点，提高中小学教师队伍整体素质。首届免费师范生全部到中小学任教，90%以上在中西部。

大力加强文化建设。中央财政加大对文化惠民工程的支持，各地对公益性文化事业投入显著增加。扩大公共文化设施免费开放范围，服务面逐步拓展。文化体制改革继续推进，文化产业快速发展。文物保护、非物质文化遗产保护和

传承取得重要进展。大力加强群众体育设施建设，全民健身活动蓬勃开展，体育事业取得新成绩。

积极稳妥推进医药卫生事业改革发展。基本医疗保险覆盖范围继续扩大，13亿城乡居民参保，全民医保体系初步形成。政策范围内住院费用报销比例提高，重大疾病医疗保障病种范围进一步扩大。各级财政对城镇居民医保和新农合的补助标准由每人每年120元提高到200元。国家基本药物制度在政府办基层医疗卫生机构实现全覆盖，基本药物安全性提高、价格下降。公立医院改革试点有序进行。基层医疗卫生服务体系基本建成。基本公共卫生服务均等化取得新进展。

（四）切实保障和改善民生，解决关系群众切身利益的问题。我们坚持民生优先，努力使发展成果惠及全体人民，促进社会公平正义。实施更加积极的就业政策。多渠道开发就业岗位，全力推动以创业带动就业，加强职业技能培训和公共就业服务体系建设。加大财政、税收、金融等方面支持力度，着力促进高校毕业生、农民工等重点人群就业。高校毕业生初次就业率77．8%，同比提高1．2个百分点。农民工总量2．53亿人，比上年增长4．4%，其中，外出农民工1．59亿人，增长3．4%。

积极调整收入分配关系。着力提高低收入群众收入。农村居民人均纯收入实际增速为1985年以来最高，连续两年快于城镇居民；各地普遍较大幅度调高最低工资标准；连续第7年提高企业退休人员基本养老金，全年人均增加1680元，5700多万人受益；进一步提高城乡低保补助水平以及部分优抚对象抚恤和生活补助标准，对全国城乡低保对象、农村五保供养对象等8600多万名困难群众发放一次性生活补贴；建立社会救助和保障标准与物价上涨挂钩的联动机制。扩大中等收入者所占比重。个人所得税起征点从2000元提高到3500元。降低900多万个体工商户税负。中央决定将农民人均纯收入2300元（2010年不变价）作为新的国家扶贫标准，比2009年提高92%，把更多农村低收入人口纳入扶贫范围，这是社会的巨大进步。

加强社会保障体系建设。社会保障覆盖范围继续扩大，全国参加城镇基本养老保险、失业保险、工伤保险和生育保险人数大幅增加。2147个县（市、区）实施城镇居民社会养老保险试点，1334万人参保，641万人领取养老金。2343个县（市、区）开展新型农村社会养老保险试点，3．58亿人参保，9880万人领取养老金，覆盖面扩大到60%以上。解决了500多万名集体企业退休人员养老保障的历史遗留问题。将312万名企业“老工伤”人员和工亡职工供养亲属纳入工伤保险统筹管理。养老保险跨地区转移接续工作有序推进。社会保障体系不断健全，向制度全覆盖迈出重大步伐，这是推进基本公共服务均等化取得的重要成就。

大力推进保障性安居工程建设。出台关于保障性安居工程建设和管理的指导意见，完善财政投入、土地供应、信贷支持、税费减免等政策，着力提高规划建设和工程质量水平，制定保障性住房分配、管理、退出等制度和办法。中央财政安排资金1713亿元，是2010年的2．2倍，全年城镇保障性住房基本建成432万套，新开工建设1043万套。

努力维护社会公共安全。加强安全生产监管，做好重特大安全事故的处置、调查、问责工作。完善食品安全监管体制机制，集中打击、整治非法添加和违法生产加工行为。坚持以人为本、服务为先，加强和创新社会管理，着力排查化解各类社会矛盾，依法打击违法犯罪活动，保持社会和谐稳定。

（五）深入推进改革开放，为经济社会发展注入新的活力和动力。我们按照“十二五”规划提出的改革任务，加大攻坚力度，推动重点领域和关键环节的改革。

完善公共财政体系特别是预算管理制度，把预算外资金全部纳入预算管理，扩大国有资本经营预算实施范围，深化部门预算改革，推进政府预算、决算公开，98个中央部门和北京、上海、广东、陕西等省市公开“三公经费”。在全国范围实施原油、天然气资源税从价计征改革，出台营业税改征增值税试点方案。把跨境贸易人民币结算范围扩大到全国，启动境外直接投资人民币结算试点，开展外商直接投资人民币结算业务。深化集体林权制度改革，启动国有林场改革试点，依法开展草原承包经营登记。推进水利建设管理体制改革，创新水资源管理体制。深化国有企业改革。启动实施电网主辅分离改革重组以及上网电价和非居民用电价格调整方案。基本完成乡镇机构改革。事业单位分类改革有序开展。

我们坚持出口和进口并重，利用外资和对外投资并举，全面提升开放型经济水平。积极推进市场多元化战略，努力优化贸易结构。全年货物进出口总额

3．64万亿美元，增长22．5%，其中，出口增长20．3%，进口增长24．9%，贸易顺差进一步下降。实际使用外商直接投资1160亿美元，服务业和中西部地区比重提高。企业“走出去”步伐加快，非金融类对外直接投资601亿美元。积极参与国际和区域经济合作，多边双边经贸关系继续深化。

我们在民主法制建设、国防和军队建设、港澳台工作和外交工作等方面，都取得了卓有成效的进展。

第五篇：2011年温家宝总理政府工作报告

2011年总理作政府工作报告(全文)

各位代表：

现在，我代表国务院，向大会作政府工作报告，请各位代表审议，并请全国政协委员提出意见。

一、“十一五”时期国民经济和社会发展的回顾

“十一五”时期是我国发展进程中极不平凡的五年。面对国内外复杂形势和一系列重大风险挑战，中国共产党团结带领全国各族人民，全面推进改革开放和现代化建设，国家面貌发生了历史性变化。

这五年，我国社会生产力、综合国力显著提高。我们有效应对国际金融危机冲击，保持经济平稳较快发展，胜利完成“十一五”规划的主要目标和任务，国民经济迈上新的台阶。国内生产总值达到39.8万亿元，年均增长11.2%，财政收入从3.16万亿元增加到8.31万亿元。载人航天、探月工程、超级计算机等前沿科技实现重大突破。国防和军队现代化建设取得重大成就。

这五年，各项社会事业加快发展、人民生活明显改善。教育、科技、文化、卫生、体育事业全面进步。城镇新增就业5771万人，转移农业劳动力4500万人；城镇居民人均可支配收入和农村居民人均纯收入年均分别实际增长9.7%和8.9%；覆盖城乡的社会保障体系逐步健全。

这五年，改革开放取得重大进展。重点领域和关键环节改革实现新突破，社会主义市场经济体制更加完善。去年对外贸易总额达到2.97万亿美元，开放型经济水平快速提升。

这五年，我国国际地位和影响力显著提高。我们在国际事务中发挥重要的建设性作用，有力维护国家主权、安全和发展利益，全方位外交取得重大进展。我们成功举办北京奥运会、上海世博会，实现了中华民族的百年梦想。

这些辉煌成就，充分显示了中国特色社会主义的优越性，展现了改革开放的伟大力量，极大增强了全国各族人民的自信心和自豪感，增强了中华民族的凝聚力和向心力，必将激励我们在新的历史征程上奋勇前进。

五年来，我们主要做了以下工作：

（一）加强和改善宏观调控，促进经济平稳较快发展。我们注重把握宏观调

技术和关键装备技术，一大批科研成果实现了产业化。服务业快速发展，在国内生产总值中占比提高2.5个百分点。基础设施建设明显加快，五年建成铁路新线1.6万公里，新增公路63.9万公里，其中高速公路3.3万公里，新建、改扩建机场33个，新建和加固堤防1.7万公里。二是扎实推进节能减排、生态建设和环境保护。提出到2020年我国控制温室气体排放行动目标和政策措施，制定实施节能减排综合性工作方案。大力发展清洁能源，新增发电装机容量4.45亿千瓦，其中水电9601万千瓦、核电384万千瓦。关停小火电机组7210万千瓦，淘汰了一批落后的煤炭、钢铁、水泥、焦炭产能。推进林业重点生态工程建设，完成造林2529万公顷。综合治理水土流失面积23万平方公里，加强重点流域水污染防治、大气污染防治和工业“三废”治理。大力发展循环经济。五年累计，单位国内生产总值能耗下降19.1%，化学需氧量、二氧化硫排放量分别下降12.45%、14.29%。三是促进区域经济协调发展。落实区域发展总体战略，颁布实施全国主体功能区规划，制定西部大开发新十年指导意见和一系列区域发展规划，推进促进西藏和四省藏区、新疆等民族地区跨越式发展的新举措。中西部和东北地区发展加快，经济增速等主要指标超过全国平均水平；东部地区经济结构不断优化，自主创新和竞争力逐步提高；地区间基本公共服务差距趋于缩小，各具特色的区域发展格局初步形成。

（四）坚定不移深化改革开放，增强经济社会发展内在活力。财政转移支付制度逐步完善，县级基本财力保障机制初步建立。增值税转型全面实施，成品油价格和税费改革顺利推进，资源税改革启动试点，内外资企业税制全面统一。国有大型商业银行股份制改革顺利完成，政策性金融机构改革、农村信用社改革积极推进；平稳解决上市公司股权分置问题，创业板、股指期货和融资融券顺利推出，债券市场稳步发展；深入推进保险业改革开放；人民币汇率形成机制改革有序推进，跨境贸易人民币结算试点不断扩大。国有企业公司制股份制改革、国有资产监管体制改革取得积极进展。邮政体制改革加快推进。制定实施促进中小企业发展和民间投资的一系列政策，非公有制经济发展环境不断改善，多种所有制经济共同发展。

不断拓展对外开放的广度和深度。进出口总额年均增长15.9%，结构不断优化。贸易顺差连续两年下降，2010年比上年减少6.4%。利用外资水平进一步提

项资金，改造和新建2.3万所乡镇卫生院、1500所县医院、500所县中医院和1000所县妇幼保健院，建立了2400所社区卫生服务中心。制定并实施国家中长期人才发展规划纲要。人口规划目标顺利实现。文化体制改革取得重要进展。公共文化服务体系建设明显加快，文化产业蓬勃发展。哲学社会科学和新闻出版、广播影视、文学艺术繁荣进步。城乡公共体育设施建设加快，全民健身活动蔚然成风。法制建设全面推进，“五五”普法顺利完成。创新和加强社会管理，社会保持和谐稳定。

抗击汶川特大地震等严重自然灾害的斗争取得重大胜利，汶川灾后恢复重建三年任务两年基本完成，玉树强烈地震和舟曲特大山洪泥石流灾后恢复重建有序推进。经过灾难的洗礼，中国人民更加成熟、自信、坚强，中华民族百折不挠、自强不息的伟大精神不可战胜。

五年来，我们不断深化行政管理体制改革，加快转变政府职能，全面完成了新一轮政府机构改革，深入推进依法行政，建设法治政府和服务型政府，推进政务公开，加强行政问责，坚持不懈地开展反腐败斗争，政府自身建设取得积极进展。

过去五年，我们是一步一个脚印走过来的，中国人民有理由为此感到自豪！五年的成绩来之不易。这是以总书记同志为总书记的党中央总揽全局、正确领导的结果，是全党全国各族人民共同努力奋斗的结果。在这里，我代表国务院，向全国各族人民，向各民主党派、各人民团体和各界人士，表示诚挚感谢！向香港特别行政区同胞、澳门特别行政区同胞、台湾同胞和海外侨胞，表示诚挚感谢！向关心和支持中国现代化建设的各国政府、国际组织和各国朋友，表示诚挚感谢！

我们清醒地认识到，我国发展中不平衡、不协调、不可持续的问题依然突出。主要是：经济增长的资源环境约束强化，投资与消费关系失衡，收入分配差距较大，科技创新能力不强，产业结构不合理，农业基础仍然薄弱，城乡区域发展不协调，就业总量压力和结构性矛盾并存，制约科学发展的体制机制障碍依然较多；服务业增加值和就业比重、研究与试验发展经费支出占国内生产总之比重没有完成“十一五”规划目标。一些群众反映强烈的问题没有根本解决，主要是：优质教育、医疗资源总量不足、分布不均；物价上涨压力加大，部分城市房价涨幅过高；违法征地拆迁等引发的社会矛盾增多；食品安全问题比较突出；一些领域腐败现象严重。我们一定要以对国家和人民高度负责的精神，通过艰苦细致的工作和坚

受的程度统一起来，以改革促进和谐稳定，确保人民安居乐业、社会安宁有序、国家长治久安。

二、“十二五”时期的主要目标和任务

根据《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十二个五年规划的建议》，我们编制了《国民经济和社会发展第十二个五年规划纲要（草案）》，提交大会审议。

“十二五”是全面建设小康社会的关键时期，是深化改革开放、加快转变经济发展方式的攻坚时期。从国际看，世界多极化、经济全球化深入发展，和平、发展、合作仍是时代潮流。国际金融危机影响深远，世界经济结构加快调整，全球经济治理机制深刻变革，科技创新和产业转型孕育突破，发展中国家特别是新兴市场国家整体实力步入上升期。从国内看，我国发展的有利条件和长期向好的趋势没有改，工业化、信息化、城镇化、市场化、国际化深入发展，市场需求潜力巨大，资金供给充裕，科技和教育水平整体提升，劳动力素质提高，基础设施日益完善，政府宏观调控和应对重大挑战的能力明显增强，社会大局保持稳定。综合判断国际国内形势，我国发展仍处于可以大有作为的重要战略机遇期。

我们要高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导，深入贯彻落实科学发展观，适应国内外形势新变化，顺应各族人民过上更好生活新期待，以科学发展为主题，以加快转变经济发展方式为主线，深化改革开放，保障和改善民生，巩固和扩大应对国际金融危机冲击成果，促进经济长期平稳较快发展和社会和谐稳定，为全面建成小康社会打下具有决定性意义的基础。

我们要推动经济发展再上新台阶。今后五年，我国经济增长预期目标是在明显提高质量和效益的基础上年均增长7%。按2010年价格计算，2015年国内生产总值将超过55万亿元。要继续加强和改善宏观调控，保持价格总水平基本稳定，把短期调控政策和长期发展政策结合起来，坚持实施扩大内需战略，充分挖掘我国内需的巨大潜力，加快形成消费、投资、出口协调拉动经济增长的新局面。

我们要加快转变经济发展方式和调整经济结构。坚持走中国特色新型工业化道路，推动信息化和工业化深度融合，改造提升制造业，培育发展战略性新兴产业。加快发展服务业，服务业增加值在国内生产总值中的比重提高4个百分点。

参保率，政策范围内的医保基金支付水平提高到70%以上，全国城镇保障性住房覆盖面达到20%左右。坚持计划生育基本国策，逐步完善政策，促进人口长期均衡发展，人均预期寿命提高1岁。

我们要全面深化改革开放。更加重视改革顶层设计和总体规划，大力推进经济体制改革，积极稳妥地推进政治体制改革，加快推进文化体制、社会体制改革，不断完善社会主义市场经济体制，扩大社会主义民主，完善社会主义法制，使上层建筑更加适应经济基础发展变化，为科学发展提供有力保障。坚持和完善基本经济制度，营造各种所有制经济依法平等使用生产要素、公平参与市场竞争、同等受到法律保护的体制环境。加快财税金融体制改革，积极构建有利于转变经济发展方式的财税体制，构建组织多元、服务高效、监管审慎、风险可控的金融体系。深化资源性产品价格和环保收费改革，建立健全能够灵活反映市场供求关系、资源稀缺程度和环境损害成本的资源性产品价格形成机制。实施更加积极主动的开放战略，培育参与国际合作与竞争新优势，进一步形成互利共赢的开放新格局。

我们要不断加强政府自身改革建设。政府的一切权力都是人民赋予的，必须对人民负责，为人民谋利益，接受人民监督；必须最广泛地动员和组织人民依法管理国家和社会事务，管理经济和文化事业；必须坚持依法治国基本方略，加强维护群众利益的法规建设，推进依法行政；必须实行科学、民主决策，建立健全决策、执行、监督既相互制约又相互协调的运行机制，确保权力正确行使；必须从制度上改变权力过分集中而又得不到制约的状况，坚决惩治和预防腐败；必须保障人民的民主权力和合法权益，维护社会公平正义。

总之，经过未来五年努力，实现“十二五”规划的各项目标，我国的综合国力就会有更大的提升，人民生活就会有更大的改善，国家面貌就会发生更大的变化。

三、2011年的工作

2011年，是“十二五”开局之年，做好今年的工作对于完成“十二五”各项目标任务至关重要。过去一年，我们的各项工作取得了很大成绩。国内生产总值增长10.3%，居民消费价格涨幅控制在3.3%，城镇新增就业1168万人，国际收支状况有所改善。这为做好今年的工作打下了良好基础。

今年，我国发展面临的形势仍然极其复杂。世界经济将继续缓慢复苏，但复苏的基础不牢。发达经济体经济增长乏力，失业率居高难下，一些国家主权债务

险管理，提高投资收益。

今年，重点要做好以下几方面工作。

（一）保持物价总水平基本稳定

当前，物价上涨较快，通胀预期增强，这个问题涉及民生、关系全局、影响稳定。要把稳定物价总水平作为宏观调控的首要任务，充分发挥我国主要工业品总体供大于求、粮食库存充裕、外汇储备较多等有利条件，努力消除输入性、结构性通胀因素的不利影响，消化要素成本上涨压力，正确引导市场预期，坚持抑制价格上涨势头。要以经济和法律手段为主，辅之以必要的行政手段，全面加强价格调控和监管。一是有效管理市场流动性，控制物价过快上涨的货币条件。把握好政府管理商品和服务价格的调整时机、节奏和力度。二是大力发展生产，保障主要农产品、基本生活必需品、重要生产资料的生产和供应。落实“米袋子”省长负责制和“菜篮子”市长负责制。三是加强农产品流通体系建设，积极开展“农超对接”，畅通鲜活农产品运输“绿色通道”。完善重要商品储备制度和主要农产品临时收储制度，把握好国家储备吞吐调控时机，搞好进出口调节，增强市场调控能力。四是加强价格监管，维护市场秩序。特别要强化价格执法，严肃查处恶意炒作、串通涨价、哄抬价格等不法行为。五是完善补贴制度，建立健全社会救助和保障标准与物价上涨挂钩的联动机制，绝不能让物价上涨影响低收入群众的正常生活。

（二）进一步扩大内需特别是居民消费需求

扩大内需是我国经济发展的长期额战略方针和基本立足点，也是促进经济均衡发展的根本途径和内在要求。

积极扩大消费需求。积极增加政府用于改善和扩大消费的支出，增加对城镇低收入居民和农民的补贴。继续实施家电下乡和以旧换新政策。加强农村和中小城市商贸流通、文化体育、旅游、宽带网络等基础设施建设。大力促进文化消费、旅游消费和养老消费。推动农村商业连锁经营和统一配送，优化城镇商业网点布局，积极发展电子商务、网络购物、地理信息等新型服务业态。大力整顿和规范市场秩序，切实维护消费者权益。深入开展打击侵犯知识产权和制售假冒伪劣商品的专项治理行动。

大力优化投资结构。认真落实国务院关于鼓励引导民间投资新36条，抓紧

1农”的投入拟安排9884.5亿元，比上年增加1304.8亿元。继续增加对农民的生产补贴，新增补贴重点向主产区、重点品种、专业大户、农民专业合作组织倾斜。增加中央财政对粮食、油料、生猪调出大县的一般性转移支付，扩大奖励补助规模和范围。引导金融机构增加涉农信贷投放，确保涉农贷款增量占比不低于上年。加大政策性金融对“三农”的支持力度。健全政策性农业保险制度，建立农业再保险和巨灾风险分散机制。

深化农村改革，增强农村发展活力。坚持和完善农村基本经营制度，健全覆盖耕地、林地、草原等家庭承包经营制度。有序推进农村土地管理制度改革。探索建立耕地保护补偿机制。继续推进农村综合改革。全面实施村级公益事业建设一事一议财政奖补，大幅增加奖补资金规模。加快发展农民专业合作组织和农业社会化服务体系，提高农业组织化程度。年底前，在全国普遍建立健全乡镇或区域性农业技术推广、动植物疫病防控、农产品质量监管等公共服务机构。

解决13亿中国人的吃饭问题始终是头等大事，任何时候都不能掉以轻心。我们有信心也有能力办好这件大事。

（四）加快推进经济结构战略性调整

这是转变经济发展方式的主攻方向。要推动经济尽快走上内生增长、创新驱动的轨道。调整优化产业结构。加快构建现代产业体系，推动产业转型升级。一是改造提升制造业。加大企业技术改造力度，重点增强新产品开发能力和品牌创建能力，提高能源资源综合利用水平、技术工艺系统集成水平，提高产品质量、技术含量和附加值。推动重点行业企业跨地区兼并重组。完善落后产能退出机制和配套政策。二是加快培育发展战略性新兴产业。积极发展新一代信息技术产业，建设高性能宽带信息网，加快实现“三网融合”，促进物联网示范应用。大力推动节能环保、新能源、生物、高端装备制造、新材料、新能源汽车等产业发展。要抓紧制定标准，完善政策，加强创新能力建设，发挥科技型中小企业作用，促进战略性新兴产业健康发展，加快形成生产能力和核心竞争力。三是大力发展服务业。加快发展生产性服务业，积极发展生活性服务业。大力发展和提升软件产业。着力营造有利于服务业发展的市场环境，加快完善促进服务业发展的政策体系。尽快实现鼓励类服务业用电、用水、用气、用热与工业基本同价。四是加强现代能源产业和综合运输体系建设。积极推动能源生产和利用方式变革，提高能源利

3理，实施天然林资源保护二期工程，落实草原生态保护补助奖励政策，巩固退耕还林还草、退牧还草等成果，大力开展植树造林，加强湿地保护与恢复，推进荒漠化、石漠化综合治理。完善防灾减灾应急预案，加快山洪地质灾害易发区调查评价、监测预警、防治应急等体制建设。

（五）大力实施科教兴国战略和人才强国战略

科技、教育和人才是国家发展的基础和根本，必须始终放在重要的战略位置。

坚持优先发展教育。推动教育事业科学发展，为人们提供更加多样、更加公平、更高质量的教育。2012年财政性教育经费支出占国内生产总值比重达到4%。加快发展学前教育。公办民办并举，增加学前教育资源，抓紧解决“入园难”问题。促进义务教育均衡发展。加强义务教育阶段学校标准化建设，公共资源配置重点向农村和城市薄弱学校倾斜。以流入地政府和公办学校为主，切实保障农民工随迁子女平等接受义务教育。支持民族地区教育发展，做好“双语”教学工作。全面推进素质教育。加快教育改革，切实减轻中小学生过重课业负担，注重引导和培养孩子们独立思考、实践创新能力。保证中小学生每天一小时校园体育活动。大力发展职业教育。引导高中阶段学校和高等学校办出特色，提高教育质量，增向学生就业创业能力。加强重点学科建设，加快建设一批世界一流大学。支持特殊教育发展。落实和完善国家助学制度，无论哪个教育阶段，都要确保每个孩子不因家庭经济困难而失学。

全面加强人才工作。以高层次和高技能人才为重点，加快培养造就一大批创新型科技人才和急需之紧缺人才。加大人才开发投入，推进重大人才工作。深化选人用人制度改革，努力营造平等公开、竞争择优的制度和社会环境，激励优秀人才脱颖而出，创造人尽其才的良好局面。

大力推进科技创新。加快实施国家科技重大专项，突破一批核心关键技术，提升重大集成创新能力。加强基础研究、前沿技术研究，增强原始创新能力。推动建立企业主导技术研发创新的体制机制。鼓励企业共同出资开展关键共性技术研发，共担风险、共享成果，对符合国家战略方向的项目，政府要从政策和资金上给予支持。深化科技管理体制改革，促进科技资源优化配置、高效利用和开放共享。激励科研院所、高等学校和广大科技人员以多种形式与企业合作。保持财政科技投入稳定增长，提高科研经费使用效率。坚定不移地实施国家知识产权战

5点解决城镇中低收入家庭住房困难，切实稳定房地产市场价格，满足居民合理住房需求。一是进一步扩大保障性住房建设规模。今年要再开工建设保障性住房、棚户区改造住房共1000万套，改造农村危房150万户。重点发展公共租赁住房。中央财政预算拟安排补助资金1030亿元，比上年增加265亿元。各级政府要多渠道筹集资金，大幅度增加投入。抓紧建立保障性住房使用、运营、退出等管理制度，提高透明度，加强社会监督，保证符合条件的家庭受益。二是进一步落实和完善房地产市场调控政策，坚决遏制部分城市房价过快上涨势头。制定并向社会公布住房建设计划，在新增建设用地计划中，单列保障性住房用地，做到应保尽保。重点增加中小套型普通商品住房建设。规范发展住房租赁市场。严格落实差别化住房信贷、税收政策，调整完善房地产相关税收政策，加强税收征管，有效遏制投机投资性购房。加强房地产市场监测和市场行为监管，严厉查处各类违法违规行为。三是建立健全考核问责机制。稳定房价和住房保障工作实行省级人民政府负总责，市县人民政府负直接责任。有关部门要加快完善巡查、考评、约谈和问责制度，对稳定房价、推进保障性住房建设工作不力，从而影响社会发展和稳定的地方，要追究责任。

推进医药卫生事业改革发展。今年是医改三年实施方案的攻坚年，要确保完成各项目标任务。一是在基层全面实施国家基本药物制度。建立完善基本药物保障供应体系，加强药品监督，确保用药安全，切实降低药价。二是抓好公立医院改革试点。鼓励各地在医院管理体制、医疗服务价格形成机制和监管机制等方面大胆探索。完善医疗纠纷调处机制，改善医患关系。三是提高基本医疗保障水平。稳定提高城镇职工、居民医保参保率和新农合参合率。

今年要把新农合和城镇居民医保财政补助标准提高到200元。四是完成农村三级卫生服务网络和城市社区卫生服务机构建设任务。今年全国人均基本公共卫生服务经费标准提高到25元。加强重大传染病、慢性病、职业病、地方病和精神疾病的预防控制和规范管理。加强妇幼保健工作，继续推进适龄妇女宫颈癌、乳腺癌免费检查和救治保障试点。认真做好艾滋病防治工作。大力发展中医药和民族医药事业，落实各项扶持政策。五是鼓励社会资本举办医疗机构。放宽社会资本和外资举办医疗机构的准入范围。完善和推进医生多点执业制度，鼓励医生在各类医疗机构之间合理流动和在基层开设诊所，为人民群众提供便捷的医疗卫生服务。

7单位转企改制。大力发展文化产业，培育新型文化业态，推动文化产业成为国民经济支柱性产业。大力开展全民健身活动，促进群众体育和竞技体育协调发展。加强对外文化体育交流与合作，不断扩大中华文化国际影响力，让博大精深的中华文化再展辉煌。

（八）深入推进重点领域改革

继续推进国有经济战略性调整，健全国有资本有进有退、合理流动机制。完善国有金融资产、非经营性资产和自然资源资产监管体制，加强境外国有资产监管。继续鼓励、支持和引导非公有制经济发展。健全财力与事权相匹配的财税体制，清理和归并专项转移支付项目，增加一般性转移支付，健全县级基本财力保障机制。在一些生产性服务业领域推行增值税改革试点，推进资源税改革。深化预算管理制度改革，全面编制政府性基金预算，扩大国有资本经营预算范围，试编社会保险基金预算。继续深化金融企业改革，加快建立现代金融企业制度。加快培育农村新型金融机构。继续大力发展金融市场，鼓励金融创新。推进利率市场化改革。扩大人民币在跨境贸易和投资中的使用。推进人民币资本项下可兑换工作。加强和改善金融监管，建立健全系统性金融风险防范预警体系和处置机制。完善成品油、天然气价格形成机制和各类电价定价机制。推进水价改革。研究制定排污权有偿使用和交易试点的指导意见。价格改革要充分考虑人民群众特别是低收入群众的承受能力。按照政事分开、事企分开、管办分开、营利性与非营利性分开的要求，积极稳妥地分类推进事业单位改革。

（九）进一步提高对外开放水平

中国的发展离不开世界。要积极发展互利互惠的多双边经贸关系，不断拓展新的开放领域和空间。继续推动多哈回合谈判，反对各种形式的保护主义，促进国际经济秩序朝着更加公正、合理、共赢的方向发展。

切实转变外贸发展方式。在大力优化结构和提高效益的基础上，保持对外贸易稳定增长。无论是一般贸易还是加工贸易出口，都要继续发挥劳动力资源优势，都要减少能源资源消耗，都要向产业链高端延伸，都要提高质量、档次和附加值。积极扩大自主品牌产品出口。大力发展服务贸易和服务外包，不断提高服务贸易的比重。坚持进口和出口并重，扩大先进技术设备、关键零部件和能源原材料进口，促进从最不发达国家和主要顺差来源国增加进口，逐步改善贸易不平衡状况，9人士和信教群众在促进经济发展、社会和谐中的积极作用。

继续加强侨务工作，维护海外侨胞、归侨侨眷的合法权益，充分发挥他们在促进祖国统一和民族振兴中的独特作用。

各位代表！

建立巩固的国防，建设强大的人民军队，是维护国家主权、安全、发展利益和全面建设小康社会的重要保障。要紧紧围绕党和国家工作大局，着眼有效履行新世纪新阶段我军历史使命，全面加强军队革命化现代化正规化建设，不断提高以打赢信息化条件下局部战争能力为核心的完成多样化军事任务的能力。坚持把思想政治建设摆在首位。积极开展信息化条件下的军事训练。加快全面建设现代后勤步伐。推动军民融合式发展，加强国防科研和武器装备建设。积极稳妥地推进国防和军队改革。坚持依法治军、从严治军。坚决完成抢险救灾等急难险重任务。建设现代化武装警察力量，增强执勤、处置突发事件和反恐维稳能力。加强国防动员和后备力量建设，巩固和发展军政军民团结。

各位代表！

我们将坚定不移地贯彻“一国两制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治的方针，全力支持香港、澳门两个特别行政区发展经济，改善民生。支持香港巩固和提升国际金融、贸易、航运中心地位。支持澳门建设世界旅游休闲中心，促进经济适度多元发展。充分发挥香港、澳门在国家整体发展战略中的独特作用。进一步提高内地与港澳合作的机制化水平，支持粤港澳深化区域合作，实现互利共赢。在中华民族伟大复兴的历史进程中，祖国内地人们将与港澳同胞携手奋进，共享伟大祖国的尊严与荣耀！

我们将坚持以新形势下发展的两岸关系、促进祖国和平统一的大政方针和各项政策。继续推进两岸协商，积极落实两岸经济合作框架协议，加强产业合作，加快新兴产业、金融等现代服务业合作发展，支持有条件的大陆企业赴台投资。支持海峡西岸经济区在推进两岸交流合作中发挥先行先试作用。深入开展两岸社会各界交流，积极拓展两岸文化教育合作。增进两岸政治互信，巩固两岸关系和平发展的政治基础，共同维护两岸关系和平发展的良好局面。我们坚信，只要海内外中华儿女继续共同努力奋斗，祖国和平统一大业一定能够实现！

各位代表！

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