第一篇：2014美联总结美巡一年
美联总结美巡一年：最佳决定斯皮思 最坏决定伍兹
斯滕森获联邦杯总冠军
北京时间9月25日，与往年不一样，今年的美巡赛[微博]9月份还没有完，便结束了。在这样一个时刻，美联社记者道格-佛格森(Doug Ferguson)为美巡赛2013赛季做了总结。
泰格-伍兹说他很疲惫。米克尔森已经在想办法将他的赛程削减25%了。“还是让我们等到明年再说吧。”福瑞克说这个话的时候更多是担心，而不是期待。
美巡赛已经同意在2014年莱德杯之前空出一个星期，这意味着在四个星期中要举办两场大满贯赛和一场世界高尔夫[微博]锦标赛，而后是连续四场联邦杯总决赛。其中波士顿站与丹佛站之间仅仅间隔三天。
好吧，请别忘记：随着新赛季首次跨年，“明年”16天之后便会开始。
这只是给我们留下了足够的时间审视一下2013年而已。这个赛季的特色包括：天气(风、雾、雪)、吃惊、滑坡、犯规，鹿茸喷剂，以及24年以来第一次没有一个54洞领先者赢得大满贯赛。
美巡赛星期五将公布其年度最佳球员，在那个奖项揭晓之前，这里我们还可以考虑考虑别的奖项。
波维克利夺得殖民地邀请赛冠军
年度最佳复苏球员
美巡赛几年之前已经放弃了这个奖项，因为太多赢家是从坏表现中“杀回来”，而不是从危及生命的重伤中“杀回来”。如果这个奖项还存在，亨利克-斯滕森应该是最有人气的候选人。
可是真正的赢家应该是波-维克利(Boo Weekley)。
在参加上莱德杯之后三年，波-维克利失去了美巡赛全卡，接着又在资格学校考试中失手。2012年，他凭借外卡参赛，在赛季的最后一天，他幸运地赚回了参赛卡。在迪士尼精英赛最后一轮，他打出了67杆。波-维克利开始今年的时候世界排名299位，他赢得了殖民地邀请赛，(视频)闯入了巡回锦标赛，现在他位于世界排名前50位之中。明年将是2009年以来他第一次能参加全部四场大满贯赛。
格兰姆-德莱特
没有胜利的最好一年
尽管已经进入半退休状态，史蒂夫-史翠克却赢得了440万美元。他在卡帕鲁瓦、多拉以及巡回锦标赛上拿到亚军。可是话又说回来，他比平常年份少打了6场比赛。
我们真正要给OK的是加拿大选手格兰姆-德莱特(Graham DeLaet)。一年之前，他在奖金榜上名列第95位。他获得了7个前十名，比之前两个赛季加在一起还多。而他的两个最
好表现出现在联邦杯总决赛中。格兰姆-德莱特参加上了个人的第一场和第二场大满贯赛，世界排名上升到32位，同时获得总统杯参赛资格。
2013现代汽车赛受大风影响
比赛速度奖：卡帕鲁瓦的30位参赛选手
奇怪的天气条件，给卡帕鲁瓦带来40英里/小时的大风，让现代汽车冠军赛在本该结束的一天才真正开始。瑞奇-福勒(Rickie Fowler)星期一早上开出了第一杆，而这场被削减为54洞的赛事29个小时之后便结束了。这说明高尔夫完全是可以在短时间中完成的。(视频)
维杰-辛格
最佳时机奖
维杰-辛格向美巡赛提起诉讼，控告他们在调查自己使用鹿茸喷剂上“公开羞辱和嘲笑”。根据报道，鹿茸喷剂包含了一种违禁物质。
在这个问题上的关键是时机。维杰-辛格的这个官司在美巡赛放弃处罚他之后一天提起，那距离球员锦标赛仅仅只有一天时间。
思皮斯捧起个人首个美巡冠军
最佳决定
乔丹-斯皮思(Jordan Spieth)在南美获得了一双前十名，与明年的威巡赛全卡资格只有一步之遥。他希望前往智利锁定自己的参赛卡，可是得克萨斯年轻人觉得有必要给与波多黎各公开赛主办方足够的尊重，因为他们给他发来了外卡。
乔丹-斯皮思在波多黎各获得了并列第二名，他因此进入坦帕湾锦标赛阵容。在那里，他获得并列第七名。
接着他赚到了足够多钱，获得了下个赛季的美巡赛参赛卡，而当他赢得强鹿精英赛的时候，他立即转为了美巡赛正式会员(视频)。那之后，他在波士顿TPC最后一日打出62杆，锁定了巡回锦标赛席位，也因此得到了总统杯外卡。最终，他在美巡赛奖金榜上名列第十位，在联邦杯积分榜上排名第七。
想一想如果他选择去智利会发生什么事情？
郁闷的伍兹
最坏决定
甚至在录像证据面前--当伍兹移动一根树枝的时候，他的高尔夫球轻微的移动了一下--伍兹仍然坚称小球只是晃动了一下。录像证据足够清楚，伍兹最终被罚了两杆。他接受了处罚。可是在七次回答媒体的提问时，他仍坚持小球没有移动。(犯规回放 裁判解读)
很明显，现在的问题不再是：“他看到了什么？”，而是“他在想什么？”
福瑞克打出59杆
最佳一轮
福瑞克在BMW锦标赛上成为第六个在美巡赛上打出59杆的选手，也是唯一一个记分卡上有柏忌的“59杆先生”。(视频集锦)
米克尔森夺得2013英国公开赛冠军
冠军的最佳一轮
米克尔森星期天在穆菲尔德打出66杆，赢得英国公开赛。一些人将那一轮称之为大满贯赛最佳收官轮。它或许应该排在尼克劳斯在1986年美国大师赛[微博]打出的65杆，以及约翰尼-米勒在奥克芒美国公开赛打出的63杆之后。然而在穆菲尔德的那个星期天，它肯定是最好的，而那对于米克尔森来说才是最最重要的。(夺冠一击)
罗斯夺得2013美国公开赛冠军
最佳一杆
贾斯汀-罗斯4号铁进攻美浓18号洞的那一杆帮助他赢得了美国公开赛。实在太糟糕，小球没有停在果岭上，不过那不是他的过错。(视频集 高清图集)
斯特克推入夺冠一击
最佳一推
亚当-斯科特在美国大师赛正赛18洞的20英尺小鸟推。(专题 高清图集 视频集)
斯科特与威廉姆斯庆祝
最佳建议
史蒂夫-威廉姆斯，亚当-斯科特的球童，在他们离开果岭的时候对他说，“还没有完。”的确如此。
赖斯身披绿夹克
最佳着装
赖斯，身穿绿茄克。
伍兹湾丘夺冠与帕尔默合影
最佳一年
阿诺-帕尔默。他已经在湾丘举办了35年的美巡赛，这一次他坚持下来看到了伍兹取胜。他的匹兹堡海盗(Pittsburgh Pirates)21年以来第一次获得季后赛席位。他庆祝了84岁生日。另外，他与嫩模凯特-阿普顿(Kate Upton)共进了晚餐。
第二篇：美联英语：周年纪念日相关英语对话
美联英语提供：美联英语：周年纪念日相关英语对话
小编给你一个美联英语官方试听课申请链接：http://www.xiexiebang.com/?tid=16-73374-0
Dario: Don't open that umbrella inside, Brian!
Brian: Why not? It's wet and needs to dry out.Dario: You will have seven years' bad luck if you open an umbrella inside.Brian: No wayit has nothing to do with the umbrella.Dario: I am just very superstitious, that's all.Brian: You are a modern guy, not some old fashioned fossil!
Dario: I just don't want any more bad luck in my life.Brian: OK, I won't open the umbrella if you promise to stop believing in all this superstition stuff.Dario: I will when my luck changes and I win the lottery!
Brian: I wouldn't hold my breath if I were you.戴瑞奥：别在屋里打开伞布莱恩!
布莱恩：为什么不行?伞是湿的，需要晾干。
戴瑞奥：在屋里打伞会给你带来七年的背运。
布莱恩：不可能，打破镜子才会带来七年背运。
戴瑞奥：相信我，朋友。我在屋里打开过一次伞，从那以后一直打光棍儿。
布莱恩：那是因为你对你的女朋友不好，跟伞一点儿关系都没有。
戴瑞奥：我就是很迷信。
布莱恩：你生活在现代，不是一个守旧的老古板。
戴瑞奥：我只是不想再碰上坏运气了。
布莱恩：好吧，如果你不再相信这些迷信的玩意儿我就不打开伞。
戴瑞奥：除非我的运气转变，中上彩票。
布莱恩：如果我是你，就不白费工夫。
1)Wild: fun and exciting
有趣而刺激
The rides at the amusement park are always wild and make my stomach flip.在游乐园里坐车永远是那么刺激，我的胃都要翻倒了。
2)Action packed: very busy, lots of things to do
很忙，有很多是要做
I love visiting big cities because they are always action packed!
我喜欢到大城市观光因为总是有很多事要做。
3)Dullsville: very boring, nothing to do
无聊、无事可做
I grew up in a small town with no cinema and no bowlingthat the singer just wants to make money.Jessie: I agree with that.Music has lost its honesty.Tina: Let's see if we can remember a wild 1970s song about feeling the wind in your hair?
Jessie: Oh, I know a great song just like that by Steppenwolf.Tina: Sing it out loud!
杰西：音乐永远在变，你不这样认为吗?
蒂娜：没错。九十年代的音乐和八十年代的音乐相比有很大的不同。
杰西：我真的很喜欢一些七十年代的音乐。那时的音乐很刺激。
蒂娜：有些人说现在的音乐太商业化了，歌手们只想赚钱。
杰西：我同意。音乐已经失去了它的风格。
蒂娜：看看我们能不能想起来一首七十年代的劲歌。
杰西：噢，我知道史蒂夫沃尔夫有一首很棒的歌。
蒂娜：那么大声唱出来吧!
New Words
1)Flat-out: very busy
很忙
I prefer to be flat-out at work because I get bored when it's quiet.我喜欢工作时忙一点儿，因为太安静了我会觉得很无聊。
2)Mall: large building with many small shops
购物中心，有许多小商店的大型建筑物
Whenever I go to the mall, I always spend too much money.我每次去购物中心都会花很多钱。
3)Second home: a place that you spend a lot of time
花很多时间光顾的地方
The coffee shop close to my house is my second home!
我经常光顾家附近的咖啡店。
4)Gift: present
礼物
Gifts are a nice way of showing how much you like or appreciate someone.送礼物是向别人表示好感和感谢的好方式。
5)Jive: empty talk
空话
Brian is some full of jive talk, but he never takes any action.布莱恩是个光说不做的人。
Lesson:课文
Anniversaries are the celebration of an important event, such as your first date, first kiss or wedding.If you were married on June 1, every year after that, your wedding anniversary is June 1.周年纪念是指庆祝某个重要事件，比如你的第一次约会，初吻或婚礼。如果你的结婚日期是六月一日，以后每年你的结婚周年纪念就是六月一日。
Birthdays are the anniversary of your birth, but most people just call them birthdays instead of anniversaries.生日是你出生日的周年纪念，可大多数人都称它为生日而不是周年纪念。
When you are married, it is very important to remember the important anniversaries.If you forget your wedding anniversary, your husband or wife could get very upset and not talk to you for weeks!
结婚后记住周年纪念日是很重要的。如果你忘了结婚纪念日，你的丈夫或妻子可能会很不开心，几个星期都不跟你说话。
Anniversaries are usually celebrated with a romantic dinner and gifts such as flowers, chocolates and jewellery.Some people think that the more expensive the gift, the more you love the person while others say that it is the thought that counts.周年纪念的时候通常都以浪漫晚餐的形式来庆祝，并送一些诸如鲜花、巧克力和珠宝之类的礼物。有人说礼物越贵就表示你爱对方越深，但有的人认为心意最重要。
There are some many types of anniversaries including personal and national.Get a diary and out all of the important anniversaries in it so that you will never
forget!
包括个人和国家在内有很多种不同的周年纪念日。找一个日记本把所有重要的纪念日记在上面你就不会忘了!
Past Tense Dialogue：过去时对话
Jeff: Did your husband like the tie that you gave him for your wedding anniversary?
Joan: He loved the tie but we are not married yet.Jeff: So what was the anniversary for?
Joan: It was the anniversary of our first ever date.Jeff: You must be a very romantic person to remember your first date.Joan: I think that my boyfriend would be upset if I forgot.Jeff: I can never remember the important anniversaries-I even forgot my girlfriend's birthday!
Joan: Was she upset or angry?
Jeff: Both!She made me buy her gifts and flowers for two weeks after I forgot.Joan: It's easier to remember in the first place Jeff.Jeff: I'll be sure never to forget again.杰夫：你丈夫喜欢你结婚纪念日送他的领带吗?
琼：他很喜欢这条领带，可我们还没结婚。
杰夫：那这是什么纪念日呀?
琼：是我们初次约会的纪念。
杰夫：你一定很浪漫，连初次约会的日子都记着。
琼：我想如果我忘了我的男朋友会不高兴的。
杰夫：我永远记不住这些重要的纪念日，我甚至连我女朋友的生日都忘了。
琼：她伤心吗?还是生气了?
杰夫：又伤心又生气。我忘了她的生日以后整两个星期她都让我给她买礼物和花。
琼：事先把它记住就简单多了，杰夫。
杰夫：我肯定不会再忘了。美联英语：www.xiexiebang.com
第三篇：大连财务公司美联财务
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公司本着 “服务客户” 的宗旨，为您合理规划财务、税收、投资，帮您轻松解决从中遇到的各种问题公司。
我们坚信“以诚待人、以质兴业”。美联财务公司完全有能力根据各类企业的不同需求提供全方位的服务，在服务的过程中不断提升自己，并愿与广大的新老企业进行长期合作。希望我们的高效、专业、真诚的服务令更多企业在商海中勇往直前、一帆风顺！
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沈女士
第四篇：【美联英语】英语语法+浙江高中英语语法归纳总结
关于英语那些你不知道的事都在这里
http://m.meten.com/test/quwen.aspx?tid=16-73675-0 美联英语提供：浙江高中英语语法归纳总结
浙江高中英语语法权威解析
目录: 第01章 名词性从句
第02章 “It”用法及其句型和固定搭配讲解 第03章 高中英语语法中的省略现象 第04章 主谓一致 第05章
动词不定式 第06章
倒装结构
第07章
定语从句 第08章
被动语态 第09章 祈使句 第10章 感叹句 第11章 疑问句 第12章 名词 第一章 名词性从句
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses）。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
一． 主语从句
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。
1.It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较
It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如：
a)It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film.你不去看那场电影真可惜。
b)It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.我对你成功与否不感兴趣。
c)It is in the morning that the murder took place.谋杀案是在早上发生的。（强调句型）
d)It is John that broke the window.是John打碎的窗户。（强调句型）
2.用it 作形式主语的结构(1)It is ＋ 名词 ＋ 从句
It is a fact that …
事实是…
It is an honor that
…非常荣幸
It is common knowledge that
…是常识(2)It is ＋ 形容词 ＋ 从句
It is natural that…
很自然…
It is strange that…
奇怪的是…(3)It is ＋ 不及物动词 ＋ 从句
It seems that…
似乎…
It happened that…
碰巧…
It appears that…
似乎…(4)It ＋ 过去分词 ＋ 从句
It is reported that…
据报道…
It has been proved that…
已证实…
It is said that…
据说…
3.主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况：（1）if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。
（2）It is said /reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：
正确表达：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week.错误表达：That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said.（3）It happens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：
正确表达：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.错误表达：That he failed in the examination occurred to him.（4）It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：
正确表达：It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.错误表达：Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter.（5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如：
正确表达：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?
错误表达：Is that will rain in the evening likely?
4.what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别
what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that 则不然。例如：
a)What you said yesterday is right.b)That she is still alive is a consolation
二．宾语从句
宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。
1.作动词的宾语
(1)由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略), 例如：
I heard that be joined the army.我听说他参军了。
(2)由what, whether(if)引导的宾语从句，例如：
a)She did not know what had happened.她不知道发生了什么。
b)I wonder whether you can change this note for me.我想知道你是否能帮我改一下笔记。
(3)动词＋间接宾语＋宾语从句。例如：
She told me that she would accept my invitation.她对我说她会接受我的邀请。
2.作介词的宾语，例如：
Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.我们的成功取决于我们之间的合作。
3.作形容词的宾语，例如：
I am afraid(that)I’ve made a mistake.我恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。
注意：that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。
4.it 可以作为形式宾语
it 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。例如：
We heard it that she would get married next month.我听说她下个朋就会结婚了。
5.后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词
这类动词有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate，dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。如：
正确表达：I admire their winning the match.错误表达：I admire that they won the match.6.不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词
有些动词不可用于“动词＋间接宾语＋that从句“结构中，常见的有envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如：
正确表达：He impressed the manager as an honest man.错误表达：He impressed the manager that he was an honest man.7.否定的转移
若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：
I don’t think this dress fits you well.我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。
三.表语从句
表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语＋连系动词
＋表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外，常用的还有the reason is that… 和It is because 等结构。例如： 1)The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.2)This is why we can’t get the support of the people.3)But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.4)The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.四.同位语从句
同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。
1.同位语从句的功能
同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，例如：
1)The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.2)The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.2.同位语在句子中的位置
同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如：
He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.3.同位语从句与定语从句的区别
(1)定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。
(2)定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如：
1)The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）
高一英语名词性从句专项练习
1．____he does has nothing to do with me.A.whatever B.No matter what C.That D.If 2.The manager came over and asked the customer how____
A.did the quarrel came about
B.the quarrel had come about
C.had the quarrel come about
D.had the quarrel come about 3.Energy is ____makes thing work..A.what B.something C.anything
D.that 4.Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A.while B.that C.when D.as 5.This is ___the Shenzhou V Spaceship landed.A.there
B.in which
C.where
D.when 6.They have no idea at all____.A.where he has gone
B.where did he go C.which place has he gone
D.where has he gone
7.The doctor did a lot to reduce the patient’s fear ____he would die of the disease.A.that
B.which
C.of which
D.of that
8.The order came ___the soldiers ____the small village the next morning.A.that;had to leave
B.that;should leave
C./;must leave
D.when;should leave 9.___is no possibility ____Bob can win the first prize in the match.A.There;that
B.It;that
C.there;whether D.It;whether 10.The question came up at the meeting_____ we had enough money for our research.A.that
B.which
C.whether
D.if 11.Is _____he said really true?
A.that B.what C.why
D.whether 12.____the meeting should last two days or three days doesn’t matter.A.That B.Whether C.If
D.Where 13.It worried her a bit _____her hair was turning gray.A.while
B.if
C.that D.for
14.???_____more countries can use natural energy in the future remains to be seen.A.Whether
B.This
C.who
D.If
15.____he will go to work in a mountain village surprises all of us.A.What B.That
C.Whether
D.If 16.____you don’t like him is none of my business.A.What B.That
C.Who
D.How 17.____all the inventions have in common is ____they have succeeded.A.What;what B.That;that
C.what;that D.That;what 18.____appeared to me that he enjoyed the food very much.A.What
B.It
C.All that
D.That 19.It is widely ______that smoking can cause cancer.A.believed
B.think
C.say
D.hoped 20.____caused the accident is still a complete mystery.A.What
B.That
C.How
D.Where Keys:
1—5 ABABC 6—10 AABAC 11—15 BBCAB 16—20 BCBAA
第二章 “It”用法及其句型和固定搭配讲解
“It” 用法及其句型和固定搭配，是高中英语语法的重点、难点，又是近几年高考的热点，因此应给予充分的重视，现将it用法归纳如下：
一、It用作实词
表达以下概念:指代前文提到的事物，前文中的this, that；替代前文中的内容；指代一位性别不明的小孩或未知的人；指代未指明但谈话双方都知道的那件事；指代时间、天气、气候、距离等自然现象……
二、It用作形式主语
替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。
It 作形式主语的常见句型：
1.代作主语的动词不定式，其句型为
(1)It be adj.(for sb.)to do sth.此处adj.通常为描述事件的形容词：easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary, possible, impossible, likely, unlikely, right, wrong, important, unimportant, legal, illegal, well-mannered, ill-mannered, polite, impolite, clear, obvious, certain, suitable, proper, fit, useful, useless, dangerous…
例
It is illegal(for a teenager)to drive a car without a license.(2)It be adj.of sb.to do sth.此处adj.通常为描述人的形容词：kind, unkind, nice, rude, cruel, considerate, thoughtful, thoughtless, careful, careless, silly, foolish, stupid, clever, wise, crazy.例
It's kind of you to help me with the problem.(3)It替代作主语的动名词的常见句型
It's no good/use doing…
It's(well)worth doing…
It's(well)worth one's while doing/to do…
It's(well)worth while doing/ to do
例
It's no use crying over spilt milk.2.It替代作主语的从句常见句型
(1)It is + noun +从句
例
It is no secret that the president wants to have a second term at office.(2)It is adj.+clause
It's surprising that…(should)………竟然……
It's a pity/shame that…(should)………竟然……
例
It's important that you should apologize to her for your rudeness.(=It's of much importance that you should apologize to her for your rudeness.)
(3)It verb sb.+ clause= It is v-ing + clause
It+surprise/delight/interest/disappoint/worry/disturb/annoy/amaze
/bother/concern/frighten/please/anger sb.that…
例
It worried me that she drove so fast.(= It was worrying that she drove so fast.)
(4)It verb(to sb.)that…= sb/sth verb to do
(verb = appear, seem, come about, emerge, follow, chance, happen, occur, transpire, turn out , work out)
例
It(so)happened/chanced that they were out.(= They happened/chanced to be out.)
(5)It is v-ed that…=sb/sth is to do
(verb=say, report, think, believe, hope, expect, agree, accept, decide, determine, intend, plan, understand, know）
例
It is said that the couple have gotten divorced.(=The couple are said to have gotten divorced.)
(6)It is v-ed that …(should)…
(verb=demand, request, require, order, suggest, advise, recommend
例
It is suggested that they should begin with the third question.三、It作主语的句型
1.It takes sb.… to do…(=sb takes…to do…)某人用多长时间做某事
例
It took the men a week to mend our roof.(= The men took a week to mend our roof.)
2.It's(just)(un)like sb.to do…（不）像某人做某事的风格
例
It was(just)like him to think of helping us.3.It's(about/high)time that… should /v-ed…是该做某事的时候了
例
It's(about/high)time that we should take action.4.It's the x-th time(that)… have v-ed…第几次做某事了
例
It's the third time that he has failed the driving test.5.It is/has been… since …continuous v-ed(延续性动词)某动作已有多长时间不发生了
例
It's 10 years that he lived here
6.It was(not)… before…过(不)了多长时间某动作发生了
例
It was not long before they arrived.四、It 作形式宾语
用来替代作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。
It 作形式宾语的常见句型：
1.verb+ it+ adj./noun(for/of)to do/clause(verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep…)
例
I think it hard for you to do the task on your own./I think it hard that you'll do the task on your own.2.verb+it+adj./noun
(one's)
doing(adj.=useless/worth/worthwhile)(noun=no use/no good/worth one's while/a waste of time/money/energy/words)(verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make，keep…)
例
I'll make it worth your while telling me about his secret.3.verb+it+ important/unimportant/necessary/unnecessary/natural/essential that …(should)…
verb+it+of much/great/no/little importance that…(should)…
(verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep…)
例
I think it important that you(should)attendthe conference.4.verb + it+ as+ noun/adj.+ clause(verb=accept, regard, take, see, view)
例
The lecturer takes it as encouraging when so many students attend his lecture.5.v.+it + prep.+ that…
owe it to sb.that…把…归功于…
leave it to sb that…把…留给某人去做
take it for granted that …想当然
keep it in mind that…
例
Don't bother to arrange anything.Just leave it to me to sort out.6.It用在不能直接跟宾语从句的动词后面，尤其是表示好恶的动词后，enjoy, like, love, dislike, resent, hate, don't mind, be fond of, feel like, see to 宾语从句紧跟it之后
例
I hate it you can swim so well and I can't.7.It用在不能直接跟宾语从句的介词后面，宾语从句紧跟it之后（except that例外）
例
I'm for it that you will follow their advice.五、强调句型
It is/was+被强调部分+ that(who)… 强调句型用来强调谓语动词以外的任何句子成分。当被强调部分是人时也可以用who。
在使用强调句型时需注意以下几点：
1.请注意强调句型的特殊疑问句
例
When was it that he changed his mind to take part in the activity？
2.在强调原因状语从句时，只能强调由because所引导的从句
例
It was because he was ill that he didn't come to school yesterday.3.在强调not … until结构时必须把not与until一起放到被强调的位置上
例
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was my brother.4.注意强调句型与定语从句的区别
例
It was at 7 o'clock that he came here yesterday.(强调句型)
It was 7 o'clock when he came here yesterday.(定语从句)
六、It 常用的固定搭配
1.make it
(1).在口语当中相当于succeed,表示：成功、做到、说定、赶上、及时到达
例
It's hard to make it to the top in show business.(2).在口语中相当于fix the date for,表示“约定好时间”
例
—Shall we meet next week?
—OK.We just make it next Saturday.2.as it is
(1).相当于in fact, in reality表示“事实上，实际情况是……”
例
We had planed to finish the task today, but as it is we probably won't finish it until next week.(2).相当于方式状语从句，表示“照原样”
例
Leave the table as it is.3.as it were 相当于as one might say, that is to say, 表示“也就是说，可以说，换句话说”
例
He is, as it were, a modern Sherlock Holmes.4.if it weren't for…/if it hadn't been for…用来引导虚拟语气，相当于without, or but for, 表示“如果不是……，要不是……”
例
If it weren't for Tom, I wouldn't be alive today.5.that's it
(1).相当于That's all.That's so much.表示“至此为止，没有别的了”
例
You can have one more sweet, and that's it.(2).相当于 That's right.表示“对啦”
例
— I guess the key to the problem is thechoice “A”
—That's it.6.catch it 在口语中，相当于be punished/scolded for doing sth.wrong.表示“因做错事而挨骂，受责备，受批评，受惩罚”
例
We'll really catch it form our teacher if we're late for class again.7.have it
(1).相当于say, insist表示“说，主张，表明，硬说”
例
Rumour has it that they are getting divorced.(2).相当于get to know something,表示“了解，知道，获悉”
例
I had it from John that she was going abroad.8.have what it takes在口语中，相当于be well qualified for, 表示“具有成功的条件”
例
You can take it from me that your daughter has what it takes to be a star.9.so it seems / appears.10.Keep at it!(Don't give up!)相当于go on,表示“继续做，不放弃”
例
My teacher asked me to keep at it.11.Go it!(Go on!)拼命干, 莽撞
12.Now you have done it!(You have done sth.wrong.)
13.Now you'll catch it!(You'll be punished.)
14.As it happened, … 在口语中，相当于it's a pity that…, 表示“真不凑巧，真遗憾”
例
As it happened, they were out.15.As it turned out,…在口语中，相当于it was found to be in the end, 表示“最后被证明是”
例
As it turned out, his statement was false.16.Such as it is(they are)在口语中，相当于although it may not be worth much, 表示“虽然没有多大价值”
例
You can borrow my exam notebook, such as it is.17.Take it/things easy.相当于Don't worry or don't hurry.用来劝告别人，表示“不要慌，别担心，存住气”
例
Take it easy!He will do it well.18.Take it from me.在口语中，相当于believe me what I say.表示“请相信我的话，我敢担保”
例
You can take it from me that he will make it this time.19.For what it is worth…在口语中，相当于although I'm not sure it's of value, 表示“不管其价值如何”
例
Here is the article I promise you, for what it's worth.20.Worth it 在口语中，相当于useful, 表示“有好处，值得做”
例
Don't hesitate about it!It's worth it.21.Believe it or not.表示“信不信由你”
例
Believe it or not, Tom is getting married to Mary next Sunday.22.Take it or leave it.v.要么接受要么放弃
例
That is my last offer.You can take it or leave it.23.It all depends/that all depends 在口语中，相当于it hasn't been decided yet, 表示“那得看情况，还没有定下来”
例
—Are you going to the countryside for holiday?
—It/That all depends.24.It's up to sb.在口语中，相当于it's decided by sb.表示“由……决定，由……负责，取决于……”
例
—Shall we go out for dinner?
—It's up to you.“It”用法及其句型和固定搭配专练
1.Was it during the Second World War_____ he died? A.that
B.while
C.in which
D.then(88)
2.Is ____ necessary to complete the design before National Day? A.this
B.that
C.it
D.he(89)
3.I don't think ____ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.A.this
B.that
C.its
D.it(91)
4.Does ______ matter if he can't finish the job on time? A.this B.that C.he D.it(91)5.It was not _____ she took off her glasses _____ I realized she was a famous film star.A.when , that
B.until , that
C.until , that
D.when , then(92)6.I was disappointed with the film.I had expected ______ to be much better.A.that
B.this
C.one
D.it(93)
7.It was not until 1920 ______ regular radio broadcasts began.A.while
B.which
C.that
D.since(94)
8.______is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A.There
B.This
C.That
D.It(95)
9.It was only when I reread this poems recently _____ I began to appreciate their
beauty.A.until
B.that
C.then
D.so(97)
10.I hate_____when people talk with their mouths full.A.it
B.that
C.these
D.them(98)
11.It is the ability to do the job _____ matters not where you come from or what you are.A.one
B.that
C.what
D.it(2000)
12.I like ___ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.(2004)A.this
B.that C.it
D.one 13.—Do you like ___ here?
—Oh, yes.The air, the weather, the way of life.Everything is so nice.(全国卷)A.this B.These
C.That
D.it
14.We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen.So Peter made ___ from some wood.(全国卷)
A.it
B.One
C.Himself
D.another
15.The foreign Minister said, “ _____ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”(2004北京)
A.This is B.There is C.That is
D.It is
16._____ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making
progress.(2004北京)
A.It
B.As
C.That
D.What 17.— How often do you eat out?(2004, 天津)— ________, but usually once a week.A.Have no idea
B.It depends
C.As usual
D.Generally speaking 18.We wanted to get home before dark, but it didn't quite _____ as planed.(2004浙江卷)
A.make out
B.turn out
C.go on
D.come up
19.— What do you want to do next? We have half an hour until the basketball game.—________.Whatever you want to do is fine with me.A.It just depends
B.It's up to you
C.All right
D.Glad to hear that
20.It was ____ back home after the experiment.A.not until midnight did he go B.until midnight that he didn't go C.not until midnight that he went
D.until midnight when he didn't go
KEYS:
1-5 ACDDB 6-10 DCDBA
11-15 ACDBD 16-20 BBBBC
第三章 高中英语语法中的省略现象
在英语语言中，为了使语言简洁明了，重点突出或上下文紧密相连，可以省去某些句子成分而保持句子愿意不变，这种语言现象称之为省略。现就英语中的种种省略现象分析如下：
一、并列复合句中的省略
在并列句中后边的分句可以省略与前边分句中相同的成分。如：
a)The boy picked up a coin in the road and(the boy)handed it to a policeman.这个男孩在马路上拾起一枚硬币并把他交给了警察。
b)Your advice made me happy but(your advice made)Tom angry.你的建议使我高兴但使汤姆生气。
c)Tom must have been playing basketball and Mary(must have been)doing her
homework.汤姆肯定一直在打篮球，玛丽一直在写作业。
d)Gao Xiumin was born in 1959 and Fu Biao(was born)in 1963.高秀敏出生于1959年，傅彪出生于1963年。
二、主从复合句中的省略
1．状语从句中的省略
一般说来省略现象多出现在下列五种状语从句中：由 when ,while ,as ,before, after , till, until, once等引导的时间状语从句；由whether ,if , unless 等引导的条件状语从句；由though , although ,even if ,whatever等引导的让步状语从句；由 as ,than 等引导的比较状语从句；由as, as if , as though 等引导的方式状语从句。上述状语从句在省略时应遵循下面原则：
1)当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，可以省略状语从句的主语和系动词be，这时从句中可出现如下结构：(1)连词（as, as if , once）+ 名词;(2)连词（though, whether , when）+形容词；(3)连词(whether, as if ,while)+介词短语；(4)连词(when , while , though)+ 现在分词；(5)连词(when ,if ,even if ,unless ,once ,until, than , as)+ 过去分词；(6)连词(as if ,as though)+ 不定式。如：
a)Once(he was)a worker ,Pang Long now becomes a famous singer.庞龙曾经是个工 人，现在变成一位著名的歌手。
b)Work hard when(you are)young ,or you'll regret.趁年轻要努力学习，要不然你会后
悔的。
c)He looked everywhere as if(he was)in search of something.他到处看似乎在找什么东西。
d)While(he was)holding talks with President Hu Jintao ,US President George W.Bush thanked China for its important role in the Six-Party Talks.美国总统布什在与胡锦涛主席会谈时，感谢中国在六方会谈中起的重要作用。
e)The exhibition is more interesting than(it was)expected.这次展览比被预料的有趣的多。
f)Olympic gold medallist hurdler Liu Xiang opened his lips as if(he were)to speak。奥林匹克金牌获得者跨栏运动员刘翔张开嘴好像要说什么。注意：
1)当从句的主语和主句的宾语一致时，间或也有这样的省略,如：
Her father told her to be careful when(she was)crossing the street.当她过马路时父亲告诉她要当心。
2)当从句的主语是 it，谓语动词中又含有系动词be 时，可以把it和系动词be一起省略。此时构成连词(if , unless ,when , whenever)+形容词的结构。如：
Unless(it is)necessary ,you'd better not refer to the dictionary.如果没有必要，你最好不要查字典。
2．定语从句中的省略
1）一般说来，在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词 that ,which , whom 可以省略；如：
Is this reason(that)he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?这就是他在会上解释他工作中粗心的原因吗？（2002上海春季）
而在非限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词 which , whom 不可以省略。试比较：
Tom(whom)you saw yesterday fell ill.(whom可以省)你昨天见到的汤姆病倒了。
Tom , whom you saw yesterday ,fell ill.(whom不可以省)汤姆病倒了，你昨天见到他了。
2）在口语和非正式用语中，关系副词when ,where , 和 why 经常用that 来代替，甚至还可省略。如：
a)This is the first time(when/that)he had trouble with the boss.这是他第一次麻烦老板。
b)He wants to find a good place(where/that)we can have a picnic during the “golden week ”holiday.他想找一个能在黄金周期间野餐的好地方。
c)Could you tell us the reason(why/that)he was so unhappy ? 你能告诉我们他为什么如此不高兴吗？
3）当先行词为表示方式的 the way 时，从句不能用 how 来引导，应该用that 或 in which，或将它们全部省略。如：
I don't like the way(that/in which)you laugh at her.我不喜欢你嘲笑他的行为。
3．宾语从句中的省略
1）在及物动词后面所接的宾语从句中，连词that 一般可以省略；但如果及物动词后面是由that引导的两个或两个以上的并列的宾语从句，那么只有第一个that可以省略。如：
a)I think(that)the reform of the renminbi's exchange rate is necessary.我认为人民币兑换率的改革是必要的。
b)He said(that)the Anti-secession law had been passed and that President Hu Jintao had signed a presidential order 他说《 反分裂国家法》已被通过，而且胡锦涛主席已签署了主席令。
2）由 which , when ,where , how,和 why 引导的 宾语从句，可以全部或部分省略。如：
a)I know that NBA star Yao Ming will come to our city but I don’t know when(he will come to our city).我知道NBA明星要到我们城市来但我不知道他什么时候来。
b)He wants to move abroad but his parents wonders why(he wants to move abroad)他想搬迁到国外但他的父母想知道为什么。
4．在与suggest ,request ,order ,advise 等词相关的名词性从句中，须用虚拟语气形式“should +动词原形”，should可以省略。如：
Chirac, President of the Republic of France suggested that the China-France Culture Year(should)last long in various forms.法国总统希拉克建议中法文化年以各种各样的形式长期持续。
5．主句省略多用于句首。如：
(It is a)Pity that I didn’t go to Mary's birthday party yesterday.很遗憾，我昨天没有去参加玛丽的生日聚会。
6．在答语中，主句可全部省略。如：
—Why were you absent from school last Friday ?—(I was absent from school)Because my mother was ill.—上周五你为什么没有上学？ —因为我妈妈病了。
三、简单句中的省略
1．省略主语
1）祈使句中的主语通常被省略 如：
(You)Open the door, please.请开一下门。
2)其它省略主语多限于现成的说法 如：
a)(I)Thank you for your help 谢谢你的帮助。
b)(It)Doesn’t matter.没关系。
2．省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分 如：
a)(There is)No smoking.禁止抽烟
b)(Is there)anything else ? 还有其他事吗 ？
c)(You come)This way please.请这边走。
d)(Will you)Have a smoke ? 抽烟吗 ？
3．省略宾语 如：
—Do you know Mr.Li ? 你认识李先生吗？— I don’t know(him.)我不认识他 4．省略表语 如：
—Are you thirsty ? 你30岁了吗？ Yes , I am(thirsty).是的，我是。5．同时省略几个成分 如：
a)—Are you feeling better now? 你觉得好些了吗 ？—(I am feeling)Much better(now)好多了。
b)(I wish)Good luck(to you).祝你好运/祝你顺利。
四、动词不定式省略，只保留to 的场合
1．不定式作某些动词的宾语时，这些动词常见的有：love, like, care, wish, hope, expect, prefer, refuse, mean , try , oblige , advise , persuade , agree , want , afford , forget , remember , try , manage等。如：
a)— You should have thanked her before you left.—I meant to ,but when I was leaving I couldn’t find her anywhere.—你本该在离开前谢谢她。—我本打算这么做，但当我就要离开的时候我却找不到她了。（2000上海春）
b)You can do it this way if you like to.如果你想做，你可以这么做。
2．不定式作某些动词的宾语补足语或主语补足语时，这些动词常见的有：ask , tell ,advise, force, persuade, wish, allow, permit , forbid ,expect, order ,warn 等。如 ：
a)The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street ,but his mother told him not to.男孩想在街上骑他的自行车，但他母亲不让。(NMET1995)
b)She wants to come but her parents won’t allow her to(come).她想来，可是她父母不让。
3．不定式在句中作某些形容词的状语时，常见的形容词有：happy, glad ,eager , anxious , willing , ready 等。如：
— I will be away on a business trip.Could you mind looking after my cat ?
— Not at all.I would be happy to(look after your cat).—我要出差，你能帮我照顾一下我的猫吗？—没关系，我很愿意。
4．不定式作某些复合谓语时，常见结构如：be able to, be going to, have to, ought to, used to等。如：
He doesn’t like fish but he used to 他现在不喜欢吃鱼，但过去喜欢。
五、动词不定式to 的省略
1．主语部分有to do ,系动词 is 或 was 时，作表语的不定式通常省去to。如：
The only thing you have to do is press the button.你必须做的惟一事情是按按钮。
2．作介词but ,expect ,besides 的宾语，前面又有实意动词 do时，不定式通常省去to.如：
He said that Chen Shuibian had nothing to do except push a pro-“independence” timetable.他说陈水扁除了推进支持“独立”的时间表外，什么也没有做。
3．主语部分暗含to do，表语中的不定式通常省去to。如：
All I want(to do)is go to school and study hard.我想要（做）的就是上学，努力学习。
4．当两个或多个不定式并列时，其后的不定式符号可以省略，但有对比关系时不可省略。如：
It is easier to say than to do.说起来容易，做起来难。
5．在would rather…than… 等结构中，不定式符号常常要省略.如：
I would rather stay at home than go to see a film.我宁愿呆在家也不愿去看电影。
6．在see ,watch ,notice ,hear, listen to ,look at ,feel ,have, make, let ,observe 等词后作宾语补足语时省略不定式符号to；why(not)do 结构 中, 不定式不带to。如：
a)I saw her enter the room.我看见她进入了房间
b)Why not join us ?为什么不加入到我们的行列里来呢？
六．其他一些省略结构
1．名词所有格修饰的名词，若表示住宅、店铺、教堂或上下文已暗示或明确指出过的事物时，常常可以省略。如：
We spent the weekend at the Mary's.我们在玛丽家过的周末。
2．What和 how引导的感叹句中，常可省略主语 it 和be动词 如：
a)What a wonderful victory(it is)for Tom!这对Tom来说是个多么大的胜利呀！
b)How beautiful(it is)to be treated like a normal child.被当作一个正常孩子对待对他而言是多么美妙的一件事呀。
第四章 主谓一致
主谓一致(Subject-Verb Agreement)，指”人称”和”数方面的一致关系.如: He is going abroad.They are playing football.可分为:语法一致, 内容一致, 就近一致.(一)语法一致原则: 即主语为单数,谓语用单数,主语为复数,谓语也用复数.以下为注意事项: 1.单数主语即使后面带有with , along with, together with, like(象), but(除了),except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是), including, in addition to 引导的短语, 谓语动词仍用单数.如: Air as well as water is matter.空气和水都是物质.No one except two servants was late for the dinner.除了两个仆人外, 没有一个人迟来用餐。
2.用and连接的并列主语,如果主语是同一个人,同一事,同一概念, 谓语动词用单数, 否则用复数.如:
The poet and writer has come.那位诗人兼作家来了.(一个人)A hammer and a saw are useful tools.锤子和锯都是有用的工具.(两样物)用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体, 如:bread and butter(黄油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。
3.不定式(短语), 动名词(短语), 或从句作主语时, 谓语动词用单数.如: Serving the people is my great happiness.为人民服务是我最大的幸福.When we’ll go out for an outing has been decided.我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。
4.用连接的并列主语被each, every 或no修饰时, 谓语动词用单数.Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming.每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳.No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting.没有老师也没有学生开会缺席.Each man and(each)woman is asked to help.每个男人和每个女人都被请去帮忙。
5.each of + 复数代词, 谓语动词用单数.复数代词+each, 谓语动词用单数.如: Each of us has something to say.我们每个人都有话要说。
6.若主语中有more than one 或many a/an , 尽管从意义上看是复数, 但它的谓语动词仍用单数。但more+复数名词+than one做主语时, 谓语动词仍用复数.如: Many a boy likes playing basketball.许多男生都喜欢打篮球.More than one student was late.不只一个学生迟到
More persons than one come to help us.不止一个人来帮助我们。
7.none 做主语时,谓语动词可用单数, 也可用复数;但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数,因而谓语动词要用单数.如: None of us are(is)perfect.人无完人。
None of this worries me.这事一点不使我着急。
8.名词如: trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主语时, 谓语动词必须用复数.如:
His clothes are good.但这些名词前若出现 a pair of , 谓语一般用单数.如: A pair of glasses is on the desk.桌上有一副眼镜。
9.形复意单名词如:news;以ics 结尾的学科名称如: physics, mathematics, economics;国名如: the United States;报纸名如: the New Times;书名如: Arabian Night <天方夜谈>;以及The United Nations<联合国> 等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。
10.“a +名词+and a half “, “one and a half + 名词”, “the number of + 名词” 等作主语时, 谓语动词要用单数.如: Only one and a half apples is left on the table.注意: one or two + 复数名词作主语, 谓语动词用复数形式, 如: One or two places have been visited.参观了一两个地点。
(二)内容一致原则:
1.主语中有all, half, most, the rest等, 以及”分数或百分数+名词”做主语时,谓语动词单复数取决于连用的名词.如: The rest of the bikes are on sale today.剩下的自行车，今天出售。
60%of the apple was eaten by little boy.这个苹果的60%都被这个小男孩吃了。Most of the apples were rotten.大部分的苹果都是烂的。
Most of the apple was eaten by a rat.这个苹果的大部分被老鼠吃了。
2.不定数量的词组, 如:part of , a lot of , lots of , one of , a number of , plenty of等作主语时, 谓语动词的单复数取决于量词后面名词的数.如: A part of the textbooks have arrived.一小部分教科书已运到。
A part of the apple has been eaten up by the pig.这个苹果的一部分被猪吃光了。
3.加减乘除用单数.如: Fifteen minus five is ten.15减去5等于10。
4.表示时间, 金钱, 距离, 度量等的名词做主语时, 尽管是复数形式, 它们做为一个单一的概念时, 其谓语动词用单数.如: Ten miles is a good distance.十英里是一个相当的距离。
5.(1)通常作复数的集体名词.包括police , people, cattle 等, 这些集体名词通常用作复数.如:
The British police have only very limited powers.(2)通常作不可数名词的集体名词.包括equipment, furniture, clothing, luggage 等.(3)可作单数也可作复数的集体名词.包括 audience, committee, government, family，enemy, group, party, team, public 等.如: The committee has/have decided to dismiss him.委员会决定解雇他。
6.the +形容词/过去分词形式”表示一类人或事物, 作主语时, 谓语动词用复数.如: The injured were saved after the fire.(三)就近原则
1.由here, there, where 等引导的倒装句中,(有时主语不止一个时)谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致.如: Here comes the bus 公共汽车来了.Here is a pen and some pieces of paper for you.给你一支钢笔和几张纸。Where is your wife and children to stay while you are away? 你不在这儿的时候, 你爱人和孩子在哪儿呆呢？
2.用连词or, either....or, neither….nor, not only….but also 等连接的并列主语, 谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致。如：
Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it 学生和老师都不知道这事.He or you have taken my pen.他或你拿了我的钢笔。
注意: one of +复数名词+who/that/which 引导的定语从句中, 定语从句的动词为复数。如：
Mary is one of those people who keep pets.玛丽是饲养宠物者之一。
The only one of +复数名词+ who/that./which 引导的定语从句中，定语从句的动词应为单数。
Mary is the only one of those people who keeps pets.玛丽是唯一一个饲养宠物的人。
主谓一致练习
1.About 60 percent of the students _____ from the south, the rest of them _____ from the north and foreign countries.A.are/is
B.are/are C.is/are
D.are 2.Half of the workers here _____ under 30 _____.A.is/years
B.are/year old
C.is/years old
D.are/years of age 3.Now Tom with his classmates _____ football on the playground.A.play
B.are playing C.plays
D.is playing 4.The number of pages in this dictionary _____ about two thousand.A.are
B.has
C.have
D.is 5.Thirty dollars _____ too expensive.A.are
B.is
C.were
D.be
6.The audience _____ so large that no seat was left unoccupied in the great hall.A.is
B.are
C.was
D.has 7.The secretary and principal _____ at the meeting now.A.are speaking
B.is speaking
C.were making a speech D.have a speech 8.“If anybody _____, please put down _____ name,” said the teacher to the monitor.A.wants to buy the book/his
B.want to buy the book/their C.will buy the book/one's
D.wants to have the book bought/her 9.Nothing but one desk and six chairs _____ in the room.A.are
B.is stayed
C.is
D.are left 10.Having arrived at the station, _____.A.it was found that the train had left &nb, sp;B.th, e trai, n had left C.the train was found left
D.he found that the train had left 11.Between the two roads _____ a TV tower called “Skyscraper Tower”.A.stands
B.standing
C.which stands
D.stand 12.Either of you _____ going there tonight.A.will
B.was
C.is
D.are 13.You as well _____ right.A.I are
B.I am
C.as I am
D.as I are 14.All but Dick _____ in Class Three this term.A.are
B.is
C.were
D.was 15.--Shall I wait here for three hours?
--Yes.Three hours ___, __ t, , , , , o wait for such a doctor.A.are not very long for you
B.is not long enough fo, , , , , r you C.was not long enough for you
D.will be too long for you 16.Where to get the materials and how to get them _____ at the meeting.A.have not discussed
B.have not been discussed C.has not discussed
D.has not been discussed 17.I took mathematics and physics because I think that _____ very important for me to make further research in this field.A.what is
B.they are
C.this
D.which are 18.Every student and every teacher _____.A.are going to attend the meeting
B.have attended the meeting C.has attended the meeting
D.is attended the meeting 19.Three fourths of the bread _____ by Bob, and the rest of the bread _____ left on the table.A.was eaten/were
B.were eaten/was C.were eaten/were
D.was eaten/was 20.This pair of shoes _____.A.is her
B.is hers C.are hers
D.are her
21.There ______ no life on the moon.A.is said to have
B.are said to have
C.is said to be
D.are said to be 22.A group of ______ are eating ______ and ______ at the foot of the hill A.sheep;grass;leaves
B.sheeps grasses leaves C.sheep;grass leaf
D.sheeps grass leafs 23.My family raise a lot of _______, including two______.A.cattles cows
B.cows cattle C.cattle cows
D.cow, cattles 24.What he says and what he does_______.A.does not agree
B.do not agree C.does not agree with D.not agree 25.The boy and the girl each ______ toys.A.have their own B.has their own C.have her own D.has her own 26.She is the only one among the ______ writers who ______stories for children.A.woman, writes B.women write C.women writes
D.woman write 27.The railway station is ______from our school.A.two hour`s drive
B.two hours` drive C.two hour drive D.two hours drive 28.Mike and John`s ______.A.father is a teacher
B.fathers are teachers
C.father are teachers
D.fathers are teacher 29.A great deal of talking and listening that ______ under casual circumstance may
seem to be aimless.A.is occurred
B.are occurred
C.occurs
D.occur 30._______ the classroom needs to be cleaned.A.Either the offices or
B.The offices and
C.Both the office and
D.The office and 31.Three-fourths of the homework ______today.A.has finished B.has been finished C.have finished D.have been finished 32.More than 60 percent of the world’s radio programmes ______in England.A.is
B.was
C.are
D.be 33.______work has been done to improve the people`s living standard A.A great deal of
B.A great many
C.A large number of
D.Many 34.The rest of the magazines ______ within half an hour.A.is sold out
B.are sold out
C.was sold out
D.were sold out 35.There ______ a lot of sugar in the jar.A.has
B.have
C.is
D.are 36.“All ______present and all ______going on well”, our monitor said.A.is is
B.are, are
C.are is
D.is are 37.Yesterday the League secretary and monitor ______ asked to make a speech at the meeting.A.is
B.was
C.are
D.were.38.Mary as well as her sisters ______ Chinese in China.A.are studying
B.have studied
C.studies
D.study 39.The rich______ not always happy.A.are
B.is
C.will
D.may 40.______can be done ______done.A.All, have been B.All that ,have been
C.All has
D.All that ,has been 41.Either of the plans ______equally dangerous.A.are
B.is C.has
D.have 42.The police ______the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.A.is searching
B.were searching for
C.are searching
D.was searching for 43.Your trousers ______dirty, you must have______ washed.A.is it
B.are it
C.are them
D.is them 44.The Olympic games ______held every four ______.A.is years
B.are years
C.is year
D.are year 45.He is the oly one of the students who______elected.A.are
B.have
C.has
D.is
46.______a good enough price for this book
A.Two yuans are B.Two yuan are
C.Two yuans is
D.Two yuan is 47.No bird and no beast ______in the lonely island A.are seen
B.is seen
C.see
D.sees 48.Every means ______prevent the water from______ A.are used to polluting
B.get used to polluting C.is used to , polluted
D.is used to ,being polluted 49.Each of the ______in the ship.A.passenger has his own room
B.passengers have their own room C.passenger have their own room
D.sengers has his own room 50.What we need ______good textbooks.A.is
B.are
C.have
D.has 51.What you said just now______to do with the matter we are discussing.A.have something
B.has something
C.had something
D.was something 52.Either your parents or your elder brother ______to attend the meeting tomorrow.A.is
B.are
C.are going
D.have
53.Neither of the novels which ______popular with us ______been translated into Chinese.A.are has
B.are have
C.is have
D.is has
54.Every boy and every girl ______to attend the evening party.A.wish
B.wishes
C.hope
D.are hoping 55._______ has been done.A.nety—nine percents of the work
B.Half of what he promised C.Two-fifths of the articles
D.Three quarter of the business 答案：
1-5 BDDDB
6-10 ABACD
11-15 ACDAB
16-20 DBCDB 21-25 CACBA
26-30CBACA
31-35 CCADC
36-40CBCAD
41-45 BBCBD
46-50 DBDDB
51-55 BAABB
第五章
动词不定式不定式作宾语 1)动词+ 不定式
afford, aim, appear, agree, arrange, ask, be, decide, bother, care, choose, come, dare, demand, desire, determine, expect, elect, endeavor, hope, fail, happen, help, hesitate, learn, long, mean, manage, offer, ought, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, tend, wait, wish, undertake
The driver failed to see the other car in time.司机没能及时看见另一辆车。I happen to know the answer to your question.我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。
2)动词+不定式；动词+宾语+不定式
ask, beg, choose, expect, hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish
I like to keep everything tidy.我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。
I like you to keep everything tidy.我喜欢你使每件东西都保持整洁。I want to speak to Tom.我想和汤姆谈话。
I want you to speak to Tom.我想让你和汤姆谈话。
3)动词+疑问词+ to
decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell
Please show us how to do that.请演示给我们如何去做。
There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind which to buy.有这么多的录音机，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。
注意
疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词用单数。如：The question is how to put it into practice.问题是怎样把它付诸实施。
2.不定式作补语
1)动词+宾语+不定式(to do)advise, allow, appoint, believe, cause, challenge, command, compel, consider,
第五篇：二上美总结
二年级美术上册教学工作总结
宜良县小马街小学
李月
一个学期的工作在忙忙碌碌和快快乐乐中结束了，但是心中还有许多不舍。所以为了提高以后的工作质量，我现将这一学期工作中的感受和体会总结如下：
经过这一个学期的接触，这次一年级升入二年级的学生很天真可爱也懂事乖巧，也热爱绘画，每次一上课他们都提前把画画本和绘画用具摆放整齐，双手放好等待老师上课，精神面貌非常好，各个面带笑容。正是因为他们稚嫩可爱的笑脸，认真绘画努力的精神，在课堂上，我教导孩子们尽情发挥自己的想像力与创造力，积极展示自己的才能，用自己独特的眼光和表现方法来展现他们脑海中的世界。在他们的画中，天马行空、不着边际、奇思妙想、不切实际亦或异想天开，在我看来都在情理之中的。但是毕竟他们年龄都还小，他们的自控能力不是很强，比如说有一个学生画的内容丰富，色彩运用独到，可嘴巴不停说话，动不动转头找同桌说话；还有学生明明有凳子坐还非得要站着。我对他们说乖的孩子是坐好的，可是我知道这不是一次两次就能解决的，因为这是孩子们的天性。所以我每次都调整心态带着包容的心态去教学。孩子们把我当成他们的朋友。
1、快乐玩耍，自由画画一直是我的教学理念，当然纪律也是要好好保持的，我们是美术教师，不仅仅要教授孩子们绘画知识，还要教授孩子们做人的道理等等，还好这次的二年级新生比较乖巧，都热情受教，我心中还是很感动的。
2、这学期我认真准备教学计划、备课、课后反思，我明确本学期工作的目标和任务，结合美术教学工作的现状和特点，按照《美术教学课程标准》的要求，制订了详细的教学计划；基本上按时按质地完成了本期的教育教学工作。
3、我在教学中结合学生的兴趣来发展学习美术课程。偶尔插入故事，音乐，舞蹈。带动学生的绘画兴趣。二年级学生对美术都保持着很高的热情和极大的好奇心，学生的大胆挥笔作画，画面富有童趣生机又有自己的主观想法，我发挥美术教学的特有魅力，使课程内容形式和教学方式都能激发学生的学习兴趣，不是呆板的填鸭式教学。
4、不管是任何一个年级都需要教师手把手的示范，所以直观的教学手段很重要，教师只有多画范画，在教学中，充分利用展示图片、美术作品及放映幻灯、影片、录像片等教学手段和现代教育技术进行直观教学。学生才能从各个感官去学习和体会并且身临其境的感受艺术的熏陶。我明白自己刚刚工作，在教学中肯定存在很多的不足之处，我只有不断学习继续成长才能不辜负自己领导以及学生对我的期望。
2018年1月31日
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