英语四级作文连词应用总结

第一篇：英语四级作文连词应用总结

一、审题

1.审体裁（议论文，说明文，描述文）

做合格大学生的必要性

做合格大学生的必备条件（可以从德智体方面谈）

我计划怎样做

因为，第一段要求写“„必要性”，则是议论文；第二段要求写“„必备条件”，则要求写说明文；第三段要求写“„这样做”，则要求写描述文。

二、确定主题句

审完题后，接下来就是如何写的问题。第一步就是确定主题句，主题句既能保证你不跑题，又能帮助你制定写作思路。而写主题句最保险的方法就是直接翻译中文提纲，如上述之段主题句为：

It is very necessary to be a good university student.(议论体的主题句)

There are several respects of necessities to be a good university student.(说明体的主题句)

What I will do in the future is the following.(描述体的主题句)

三、组织段落、确保文章条理清楚

行文时，不只是提供一些information,还要学会运用一些examples,personal experiences,comparisions,descriptions等等，保证不跑题 是写作当中第一任务，第二个重要任务就是要做到条理清楚。对于议论文来说，正反面要清楚，对于说明文来说条理要清楚，对于描述文来说，谁干什么要清楚。就拿上例Good health 来说，第一段保持正反面要清楚救应这样写：正面（With good health ,we can...），反面（Without good health ,we can do nothing.We can’t do...）

为了使文章更具有条理性，我们可以用first(ly)second(ly)third(ly)等副词，他们可以是文章的条例性更加突出。作文是主观题，想得告分就必须引起老师的主意，老师的时间很短（每篇作文只有一两分钟就要阅完），所以我们在列调试最好不用: To be with,...after that ,...And then,...The next ,...The following ,...As last...。因为用这样的词语不利于老师看出你作文的条理性。

四、连贯与衔接

1.列举法

列举的模式通常是

主题句----example 1

----example 2

----example 3

列举时常用for example, for instance, such as, like,thus, take„as an example, to illustrate 等词语.2.分类法

一般是在主题句之后，依次罗列段落指示词所表达的几个部分或几个方面。然后，选用丰富的事例对所罗列的各个部分或各个方面进行具体地说明或解释。

分类时常用：most of all，next，moreover，in addition，besides，furthermore，to begin with，to start with，first of all，first，second，third„

3.因果关系

在段落一开头，就用主题句点明其因果关系，然后选用有关材料，客观的罗列某些原因或结果，以阐述中心思想。

因果关系常用语汇: because of, so, owing to, thanks to, thus, as a result of, hence, for this reason, consequently, is caused by, lead to, result in

4．比较法

主题句必须明确表明所要比较的对象和所要比较的范围，实际上就是罗列两个或两个以上比较对象的相同点。

常用语汇：at the same time, similar to, accordingly, both, show a degree of similarity, similarly, the same as, and„ too, in the same way, in a like manner

英语四级作文写作常用词汇--连词篇

1)表层次:

first,firstly, to begin with, further, in the first place

second,secondly, to start with, still, furthermore

third,thirdly, what is more, last, last but not least

and,also, too,and then, next, besides, moreover , equally important, in addtion, finally

2)表转折；

by contrast, in contrast, on the contarary, on the other hand, at the same time,despite the fact that, regardless, in spite of, for all that

but, however, nevertheless, otherwise, instead, still

although, though, even though,yet, even so

3)表因果；

because of, as, for, for the reason

So,thus, since, hence, due to, owing to,therfore, consequently, accordingly, thanks to, on this account

on that account, in this way,as a result, as a consequence

4）表让步：

Nevertheless, still, in spite of, all the same, of course, despite,even so, after all

5)表递近：

Furthermore, moreover, likewise, what is more, besides, also not only...but also...Too, in addtion

6)表举例：

for example, for instance, for one thing, that is

to illustrate, as an illustration, a case in point

7)表解释：

as a matter of fact, frankly speaking, in this case, namely, in other words

8)表总结：

in summary, in a word, in short, in brief, in conclusion,to conclude, to summarize

thus, as has been said, altogether, in other words, in fact, finally, in simpler terms,indeed, in particular, that is, on the whole, to put it differently, in all, therefore

第二篇：英语连词总结

英语连接词

连接词的意义分类

表递进moreover, in addition, what is more，furthermore, also, then, besides, etc.表转折however, nevertheless, on the other hand, on the contrary, etc.表层次on the one hand,...on the other hand;first,...second,...finally;表强调firstly,...secondly,...finally...;first,...then...etc.表强调in fact, indeed, actually, as a matter of fact, obviously, apparently, 表结果evidently, first of all, undoubtedly, without any shadow of doubt, etc.表结尾therefore, as a result, then, consequently, accordingly, thus, etc.表例举in a word, in conclusion, therefore, in short, to sum up, etc.表强调still, Indeed, apparently, oddly enough, of course, after all, significantly, interestingly, also, above all, surely, certainly, undoubtedly, in any case, anyway, above all, in fact, especially.Obviously, clearly.表比较like, similarly, likewise, in the same way, in the same manner, equally.表对比by contrast, on the contrary, while, whereas, on the other hand, unlike, instead, but, conversely, different from, however, nevertheless, otherwise, whereas, unlike, yet, in contrast.表列举for example, for instance, such as, take...for example.Except(for), to illustrate.表时间later, next, then, finally, at last, eventually, meanwhile, from now on, at the same time, for the time being, in the end, immediately, in the meantime, in the meanwhile, recently, soon, now and then, during, nowadays, since, lately, as soon as, afterwards, temporarily, earlier, now, after a while.first after a few days eventually at that time in the meantime meanwhile afterward from then on 表顺序first, second, third, then, finally, to begin with, first of all, in the first place, last, next, above all, last but not the least, first and most important.表可能presumably, probably, perhaps.表解释in other words, in fact, as a matter of fact, that is, namely, in simpler terms.表递进What is more, in addition, and, besides, also, furthermore, too, moreover, furthermore, as well as, additionally, again.表让步although, after all, in spite of..., despite, even if, even though, though, admittedly, whatever may happen.表转折however, rather than, instead of, but, yet, on the other hand, unfortunately.whereas 表原因for this reason, due to, thanks to, because, because of, as, since, owing to.表结果as a result, thus, hence, so, therefore, accordingly, consequently, as consequence.表总结on the whole, in conclusion, in a word, to sum up, in brief, in summary, to conclude, to summarize, in short.其他类型连接词

Mostly, occasionally, currently, naturally, mainly, exactly, evidently, frankly, commonly, for this purpose, to a large extent, for most of us, in many cases, in this case, 表空间near to far from in the front of beside behind to the right to the left on the other side of 表举例 for example to name a few, say , such as 表递进in addition furthermore what’s more what’s worse 表对比whereas while as opposed to by contrast by comparison 表示时间与频率的词汇:in general, every, some, after, on the whole, usually, most, at other times, in most cases, frequently, main, finally, as a rule, rarely, before, meanwhile.表示附加的词:additionally, as well as, just as, again, along with, also, further, furthermore, likewise, in the same manner, in the same way, in addition to，引出例子:for example, namely, for instance, as an example, that is

表示转折:although, instead, rather than, but, nevertheless, though, however, on the other hand, otherwise

得出结论:all in all, in consequence, in brief, as a result, the point is, in conclusion, therefore, hence, in sum.表示增加的过渡词：also，and，and then，too，in addition，furthermore，moreover，again，on top of that，another，first second third等。

表示时间顺序的过渡词：now，then，before，after，afterwards，earlier，later，immediately，soon，next，in a few days，gradually，suddenly，finally等。

表示空间顺序的过渡词：near（to），far（from），in front of，behind，beside，beyond，above，below，to the right（left），around，outside等。

表示比较的过渡词：in the same way，just like，just as等。

表示对照的过渡词：but，still，yet，however，on the other hand，on the contrary，in spite of，even though等。

表示结 果 和 原 因 的 过 渡 词：because，since，so，as a result，therefore，hence，thus，otherwise等。

表示目的的过渡词：for this reason，for this purpose，so that等。

表示强调的过渡词：in fact，indeed，surely，necessarily，certainly，without any doubt，truly，to repeat，above all，most important等。

表示解释说明的过渡词：for example，in fact，in this case，for actually等。

表示总结的过渡词：finally，at last，in conclusion，as I have shown，in other word，in brief，in short，in general，on the whole，as has been stated等

增补(Addition)in addition, furthermore, again, also, besides, moreover, what’s more, similarly, next, finally.比较(Comparison)in the same way, likewise, similarly, equally, in comparison, just as

对照(Contrast)whereas, in contrast, on the other hand, instead, however, nevertheless, unlike, even though, on the contrary, while

因果(Cause and effect)because, because of, for, since, due to, owing to, thanks to, as a result(of), accordingly, hence, so, thus

强调(Emphasis)certainly, above all, indeed, of course, surely, actually, as a matter of fact, chiefly, especially, primarily, in particular, undoubtedly, absolutely, most important

6.让步(Concession)although, though, after all, in spite of, nevertheless, still, provided, while it is true....7.例证(Exemplification)for example, for instance, that is, namely, such as, in other words, in this case, by way of illustration.总结(Conclusion)to sum up, to conclude, in a word, in short, in brief, all in all, in all, to put it in a nut shell, in summary

推断(Inference)therefore, as a result(of), consequently, accordingly, so, otherwise

时间和空间(Time and space)afterward, after, first, later, then, soon, outside, near, beyond, above, below, on the right(left), in the middle, opposite, in front of

表示罗列增加（递进）

first, second, third, firstly, secondly, thirdly, first, then / next, after that / next, finally / last / last but not least, and equally important, on(the)one hand…, on the other hand…, besides / what’s more / in addition(to sth.)/ furthermore / moreover / another / also / too, plus, as well, especially / particularly / in particular 表示时间顺序

now, at present, recently, after, afterwards, after that, after a while, in a few days, at first, at the beginning(of sth.), to begin with, to start with

第三篇：英语连词知识点总结

英语连词知识点总结

一、并列连词

并列连词用来连接平行对等（即互不从属）的词、词组或分句。按照并列连词在句子中的作用可分为：并列关系，转折关系，选择关系，因果关系。

基本并列连词如 and, or , but , 关联连词如 either...or , neither...nor , not only...but also,both...and, whether...or 等；介于并列连词与从属连词或介词之间的结构如 as well as , as much as, rather than , more than, no less than 等；此外还有些'半连接词'，一些语法学家把它们称为连接副词，如 nevertheless, however, meanwhile, otherwise, likewise 等，在句中做连接性状语。这类连词主要是从逻辑上，而不是从形式上连接句子，其关系比较松散。

并列关系的连词有：and, both„and, not only„but also, as well as, and„as well, not„nor, neither„nor等。

1.and的基本用法是表示并列和对称关系。

例4 He sang and played the guitar.他一边唱歌一边弹吉他。

（1）两个对等的宾语或状语之间，在肯定句中用and，但在否定句中，不用and，一般用or或nor。

例5 Our college is not in Beijing or Shanghai.我们的学院既不在北京也不在上海。

（2）当一个句子中出现了两个否定词时，应该用and连接并列成分。这时and表示的也是全部否定。

例6 He did not talk loudly and also not clearly.他说话声音不大，也不清晰。

（3）and用来连接条件分句和结果分句，意思是“„„，那么„„”。当两个并列成分本身都是否定时，也要用and连接，and在这种情况下，仍然表示全部否定。

（4）在come, go, run, hurry up, stay, stop等动词后，and能用来代替省略to不定式引导的目的状语。

例7 Would you go and tell the children to shut up? 你能告诉孩子们别再说话了吗？

注：有时and后可用第三人称单数或过去式。

例8 He went and had a drink with us yesterday.昨天他来了，和我们喝了点酒。

用在try, wait等后，也有类似的用法，但只能用它们的原形。

例9 Try and get some water.尽量拿点水来。

（5）祈使句 + and 表示结果。

例10 Let’s give him some help, and he will be able to improve in his studies.咱们帮帮他，他一定会提高他的学习成绩。

（6）and that(or those)„，„„而且„„ 其作用是补充前面所说的话，以达到强调的目的。用来代表前一分句的全部或一部分。

例11 He speaks English, and that very well.他会说英语，而且说的很好。

（7）at once„ and „ 既 „„又„„

例12 The novel is at once interesting and instructive.那部小说既有趣，又有教育意义。

2.both „and连接两个平等的成分，避免用两个以上的平等的成分。

例13 A man should have both courage and perseverance.一个人应该既有勇气又有毅力。

3.not only„ but also„有时but或also可省略，not only位于句首要倒装。

例14 He is not only handsome but also clever.他不仅英俊潇洒，而且聪明。

4.as well as相当于连词，其意为in addition to，and also，besides等。as well as的侧重点在前，强调语气较强。连接两个名词时，谓语动词要与第一个名词相一致。

例15 He as well as I agrees with you.他和我一样都同意你的观点。

例16 His parents as well as he are very kind to me.他的父母和他都对我很好。

5.neither„nor„ 它们可单独使用，位于句首时要倒装。

例17 Gases have neither definite size nor shape of their own.气体既没有大小，也没有形状。

例18 I can neither speak nor write French.我既不会说也不会写法语。

转折、对比关系的连词有：but, however, nevertheless, yet, while, still, whereas, onlybut , nevertheless, likewise, anyway , only , conversely , on the contrary, by this time, all the same , fortunately, on the other hand , in the meantime等。

1.but用作连词，意为但是、可是或然而，表示语义的转折。

例19 She was tired, but she still went on working.她很累了，但她仍然继续努力工作。

2.However 用作连接副词，相当于no matter how，引导让步状语从句，意思是“不管怎样„„”“无论如何„„”，具体结构有以下两种：

（1）however+形容词+主语+系动词

例20 However rich people are，they always seem anxious to take more money.无论人们有多富裕，他们似乎总是渴望挣到更多的钱。

（2）however+副词+主语+谓语

例21 However fast he runs，he can’t catch up with us.无论他跑得多快也不能赶上我们。

3.nevertheless 然而，不过

例22 He is charming;nevertheless, I don’t quite trust him.他很有魅力，然而我不太相信他。

4.yet 用作转折连词时，意思是“然而、可是”。

例23 She has her weakness, yet that does not mean she is not qualified for the job.她有她的缺点，然而那并不意味着她不胜任这项工作。5.while意为“而，然而”,表示转折。

例24 He went out, while I stayed at home.他出去了，而我呆在家里。

6.still强调过去发生的事情及存在的状况目前还在延续。

例25 We have made some achievements, still we should be modest and prudent.我们取得了一些成绩，但我们仍须谦虚谨慎。

7.whereas意为“而，然而”连接两个对等的句子。

例26 He is ill, whereas I am a little tired.他病了，而我有些累了。

例27 You may go, only come back early.你可以去，只是要早点回来。

选择关系的连词有：either„or, whether„or, or, rather than„，otherwise等。

1.either„or 作为选择连词，一般用来连接句子中的同等成分，如名词、动词、介词短语等。但有时也可见到前后不一致的情况。

例28 You may either stay here or go with us.你可以留下来，也可以跟我们一起走。

2.whether„or作“是„„还是„„”解时，whether表示一种选择，其后可以跟介词短语或不定式短语。

例29 Please tell us whether to go or stay.请告诉我们是走还是留下来。

3.rather A than B 连接两个并列的成分表示宁愿„„，后面常用动词原形。

例30 I would rather read than watch television.我宁愿读书而不愿看电视。

4.or 在并列结构中，or通常用于否定句。表示选择的并列结构中or意思为“否则”。

例31 Which would you rather do go walking or go to the movies? 你愿意去散步还是去看电影？

因果关系的连词有：so, for, therefore, accordingly, thus, hence, consequently,thus, on that account, in that case等。

1.so表示“因此” “所以”,连接并列句,前一分句表示原因,后一分句表示结果。

例32 It was late, so we went home.天晚了，所以我们就回家了。

例33 He was angry, so he could not speak.他很生气，连话都说不出来了。

2.for为并列连词，连接两个并列的分句，表示附加的或推断的理由。

例34 I could not visit you, for I felt unwell yesterday.我昨天感觉不舒服，因此没能拜访你。

3.therefore 因此，所以。

例35 He lost his health, and therefore his difficulties were increased.他的身体垮了，因此他的困难比以前增加了。

4.hence 因此，从此，表示原因，理由。

例36 The town was built on the side of a hill;hence(comes)the name Hillside.这个小镇建在山边，于是命名为山边。

5.consequently 结果，从而，因此。

例37 It rained three days in succession, and consequently all the bridges were swept away.一连下了三天雨，所有的桥都被冲走了。

其它并列连词常见的有： as well as, more than, rather than, no less than 等.(1)as well as 表示 '同' 和 '也' 的意义

as well as 用作并列连词时它意义相当于 not only...but also, 但侧重点在后一并列成分上而 as well as 侧重点却在前一并列成分上 ,A as well as B=not only B but also A.(2)more than 表示而不是之意.(3)rather than 表示 '而不是' 之意.(4)no less than 表示 ' 同...一样 ' 之意.当 as well as ,more than, rather than, no less than 连接两个成分作主语时谓语动词应于第一个成分的数相一致.在使用并列连词时我们应该注意:(1)并列连词不可以连用.(2)有些连接性状语副词可以和某些从属连词对应使用.(3)在 for 或 so that 引出的分句中如果主语与前一分句的主语所指相同其主语不可以省略.同样, 如果第二个分句是由连接副词引出的其主语通常也不可省略.二、从属连词

从属连词是用来引导从句的，它在主句和从句中间起连接作用。具体地说，从属连词主要引导名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句）和状语从句，不引导定语从句。从属连词按词形分为简单从属连词，复合从属连词，关连从属连词。1)简单从属连词 常见的有：after, although虽然，尽管, as, because, before, if, lest,once, since, that, till, unless, until, when, where, whether, while 等。2)复合从属连词

由两个或两个以上单词构成的从属连词，如： as if犹如，好似, as far as至于，直到，远到；就„而言 , as soon as一就, according as , in case , no matter who(how,what,when, where), rather than, 3 for all that 尽管，虽然如此 , given(that), in order that, now(that), on condition that ,(so)that ,provided/providing(that), inasmuch as , insofar as , in that,now that等。

3)关联从属连词 由两个关联构成的，如： as...as, nore(less,-er)...than, no sooner...than, so...as , so...that,such...sa , the...the, whether...or 等，使用从属连词时，应该注意

(1)由从属连词引导的状语从句，其位置通常是可变的。

(2)并列连词之间之前不可以加其它连词，而从属连词之前可以加并列连词；连接副词。使用连词时, 还应该注意: 1.because, for, since, as 的区别 1）、because语气强, 表示客观必然原因：例如: He is absent, because he is ill.因为生病，所以他没来。

比较:He is absent, for he is busy.（“生病”是“缺席”的必然原因，“忙”不是必然原因。）2）、for 语气轻,表示非客观必然的原因,是主观可改变结果的原因,甚至是猜测可能的原因: for 不能放句首,它是并列连词。

He must be ill, for he is absent.“缺席”不一定是“生病”，只是交流猜测。.3）、since, as 都是不讲自明的原因, 是已知的原因.Since I am a boy, let me carry the case.As you don't feel well,you had better stay at home.三、知识拾零

1、when和which等引导名词性从句时，分别称为连接副词和连接代词；引导形容词性从句时，分别称关系副词和关系代词，都在句子中作成分，不叫“连词”。while作并列连词，还可意为“但是，可是；然而”，表示转折或对比。

2、既能引导状语从句，又能引导名词性从句的if和whether.1)、在表示“是否”的意思时，whether和if都能引导宾语从句。但在正式文体中有or not或 wheither„ or时或介词的宾语时我用wheither。

2）表示“假如”的意思时，引导条件状语从句时，只能用if，不能用wheither。

3、when和while可以作从属连词，引导时间状语。when也可以作并列连词，意思为“就在这时突然”。While作并列连词时，意思为“然而”。

4、when作连词——引导状语从句；作连接副词——引导名词性从句；作关系副词——引导定语从句；作疑问副词——引出疑问句。

5、until引导时间状语从句常与not连用

6、while和when都有“当„„的时候”，不过while引导的从句通常动词为延续性的（如：work）而when 引导的从句动词既可以是延续性的也可以是非延续性的。

7、从属连词since引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时，表示从过去某一时刻开始的动作，一直延续到现在。

8、属连词until的用法。until意为“直到„„为止”，表示时间上的转折点，在此以前发生的动作或状态，到了这个时刻，就立刻停止，转为另外的动作或状态。

9、并列连词not only„but also„ 中的also可以省略，但but不能省略。not only„but(also)„连接的前后两部分必须保持一致或对等。

10、情景交际用语知识。but在交际用语中，与“I’m sorry”及“Excuse me”等连用，表示委婉拒绝或道歉。

Excuse me for breaking in，__ but ___ I have some news for you．

11、“live up to„”配得上„„，“be home to„”„„的家园。as long as表示“仅有的条件”，while表示“同时或转折”，if表示“条件”，even though表示“让步”。

12、in case表示“for fear that”，意为“以防，免得”。另外，in case还可以用在句尾，表示“以防万一”，

13、as强调主句谓语动词与从句谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；while除可表示动作的同时性外还含有一个动作在另一个动作正在进行或持续进行的某一时刻发生。

第四篇：英语 及连词

最近，某中学生英文报开设了“After-class Activities”的栏目，请你根据以下提示，为该栏目写一篇英文稿件，并鼓励同学们积极参加课外活动。

1.你校开展课外活动的情况；

2.你参加过的课外活动及给你带来的益处

3.为同学选择课外活动提出建议

4.为学校开展课外活动提出建议

注意：

1.词数100左右；

2.文中不得提及人名、校名及地名‘

3.稿件的开头以为你写好（不计入总词数）

After-class Activities

Nowadays, after-class activities are becoming more and more popular in high schools.....范文一：

After-classActivities

Nowadays, after-class activities are becoming more and more popular in high schools.In our school, there are various kinds of activities, for example, arts and sports.We enjoy them very much.Playing football and reading stories are my favorites which do me lots of good.Besides building my body and enriching my knowledge, they also free me from the heavy work of study.Here I have some suggestions.To students, you’d better choose the activities which interest you and suit you;to schools, they should organize more activities for students and leave students more time for activities by giving them less homework.Dear friends, please actively take part in after-class activities, which will not only make your school life colorful, but also improve you learning.1)表层次: first,firstly, to begin with, further, in the first placesecond,secondly, to start with, still, furthermorethird,thirdly, what is more, last, last but not leastalso, and then, next, besides

2)表转折； by contrastalthoughthough yetat the same timebutdespitein contrast neverthelesseven thoughfor all thaton the contraryhoweverin spite ofon the other handotherwise i nstead stillregardless

3)表因果； Thereforeconsequentlybecause offor the reasonthushencedue toowing toso accordinglythanks toon this accountin this wayfor as a resultas a consequence

4）表让步：still neverthelessconcession grantednaturallyin spite ofthe same ofcourse despiteeven so after all

5)表递近： furthermoremoreoverlikewisewhat is more besidesalsonot only...but also...in addition

6)表举例： for examplefor instancefor one thing

7)表解释： as a matter of factfrankly speakingin this casein other words

8)表总结： in summaryin a wordin briefin conclusionaltogetherin other wordsto concludein factfinallyin simpler termsin other words

第五篇：高一英语作文连词总结

英语作文连词汇总

(一)段落开头常用词语

As far as...is concerned 就……而言，就……而论

As the proverb goes 有句谚语说道……

What calls for special attention is that...值得引起特别注意的是……

(二)表示举例常用词语

for instance 例如

for example 例如

An interesting example is that...一个有趣的例子是……

As is shown by the case of...正如同……的例子说明，……

（三）表对比和转折

conversely 相反的是

on the contrary 恰恰相反

similarly 与之相似地，……

whereas...可是……

（四）表因果

Therfore； consequently； because of； for the reason

thus； hence； due to； owing to

so； accordingly； thanks to； on this account；

since； as； on that account； in this way

for； as a resul； as a consequence

（五）表递进和补充

furthermore 还有in addition 另外

what's more 另外again, also, besides, moreover,（六）表强调

certainly, above all, indeed, of course, surely, actually, as a matter of fact, chiefly, especially, primarily, in particular, undoubtedly, absolutely, most imprtant

（七）表结论

To make(cut)a long story short，...简而言之

Therefore，we have every reason to believe that...所以我们有理由相信… To sum up，...总之

To summarize 总之to conclude, in a word, in short, in brief, all in all, in all, to put it in a nutshell, in summary

英语作文连接句型经典汇总

1.表示原因

2）The reasons for this are as follows.4）The reason for this is not far to seek.2.表示好处

1）It has the following advantages.4）It is beneficial to us.5）It is of great benefit to us.3.表示坏处

1）It has more disadvantages than advantages.2）It does us much harm.3）It is harmful to us.4.表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能

1）It is important（necessary，difficult，convenient，possible）for sb.to do sth.2）We think it necessary to do sth.3）It plays an important role in our life.5.表示措施

2）We should try our best to overcome（conquer）the difficulties.3）We should do our utmost in doing sth.4）We should solve the problems that we are confronted（faced）with.6.表示变化

1）Some changes have taken place in the past five years.2）A great change will certainly be produced in the world’s communications.7.表示事实、现状

1）We cannot ignore the fact that...2）No one can deny the fact that...4）This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in.8.表示比较

1）Compared with A，B...2）I prefer to read rather than watch TV.3）There is a striking contrast between them.10.表示看法

1）People have（take，adopt，assume）different attitudes towards sth；