浅谈人力资源管理在中小企业中的作用

第一篇：浅谈人力资源管理在中小企业中的作用

Shallowly discusse the human resources management in enterprise's function

The human resource management is using science method, coordinating person and matter relations, processing the person and person's contradiction,fully displaying person's on potential.Causes to enable each person to develop his talents, matter itsperson, the human affairs are suitable, realizes the organization goal process.The human resources management English abbreviation is “HRM”.Its connotation refers to the human resources the gain, the conformity, the drive as well as the regulative entire process.Including the human resource plan, the personnel advertise for, theachievements appraised, the staff trains, wages and welfare policy and so on.It has essential with the traditional personnel management the difference.The human resources management also is containing one kind of understanding, in the reality person has each kind of difference, only with other resources unions talent people has the ability to create the value.So people's knowledge and the ability also are the strategic resources,needing the according to the circumstance management.The human resources management another typical characteristic is aboutthe conformity concept.Around an entire set of staff policy, the activity and the practice need to link up and unifies with the organization strategy.Enterprise by management content，management form, the control system and so on forms the management idea and the concrete person, the matter, the thing, the organization which managedand so on was constituted the enterprise culture.It has formed one kind of enterprise spirit, it’s distinguishing other enterprises the characteristic.But all these are the person organizes and the realization.Therefore the human resources management has the pivotal function inthe business management activity.Along with the modern human affairs theory development and the modern management idea system formation, the person places as the productiveforces first big essential factor head of in the each big resources.Because the person has the subjective initiative,using other resources the ability, it’s may creating the wealth the resources.But the so-called management is an art which goes according toperson's will accomplishes, may say in the modern management idea thehuman resources management is the enterprise culture core.一Human resources management has three big contents：the employment advertise hires, the staff trains, the achievementsinspection, other work is all serveing for these three big contents.The human resources manage an art are a science.1.The employment advertise hires.An enterprise's start first is the human resources start, forguarantees the production activity when the enterprise interior humanresources lack needs from exterior employment advertise talented person, for enterprise's development prompt supplement qualified human resources, the realization enterprise interior human resources

reasonable effective disposition.Says from another angle, it’s guaranteesing

personnel's individual quality and the community quality safeguard.Which kind of low level competition the well known present enter prise competition isn't past that kind regards the low price sale to attachit for the main method by the high quota buckling rate, but at presentin under the modern management idea instruction

enterprise'scompetition is omni-directional, mainly highlighted in talented person's competition, the personnel quality competition.If the international well-known enterprise which because the modern enterprise's marketing plans, the management method, marketconsciousness and so on the advanced competition way is depending on the talented person which high quality completes “the General Motors” in Shanghai every year from various name brands university selects theoutstanding university graduates unceasingly to enrich to theenterprise in, and unceasingly trains its working ability and the professional knowledge, causes the enterprise overall quality as fornot to appear the competitive ability the fault, the employment advertise hires the work is front which the enterprise competes part.2.Staff training

Training is the enterprise activities important constituent, mainly includes the enterprise culture training, enterprise policy training,behavior standards training, specialized skill training, to work senseof responsibility training.The training goal is making the enterprise to preserve the exuberant development momentum, for

enterprise's development transportation qualified human resources, the present training work has become asystem, strengthened the goal, system.Take market as under guidance production method, enterprise in order to survive, in order to develop also must comply with market development path.This is a rule, is not taking person's will as theshift.Under the ever changing market situation, enterprise's development and the management is also facing the new opportunity and the newchallenge.The enterprise takes what capital to meet the approaching enemy thenew opportunity and the new challenge.Looks like or can not leave person this to be most

basic,greatest,richest vigor capital.Shanghai Yuyuan group respective company,Shanghai Qiaojiazhan group respective company is forecast the market shift, promptly formulates the training plan,achieved ahead of time trains arrives, was allowed promptly to complywith the market shift, the market economy did not wait for the person;Does not struggle does not snatch is the mediocre person, company'straining is take improves the personnel quality take the market as theguidance as the key point, but is not in corrects the time waste atstaff's deviation, because the quality enhanced the deviation nature to be few.The training work is a foundation which the enterprise develops.3.Achievements inspection

The achievements inspection is droving the mechanism the need, it’s the human resources core, it’s through to staff's working ability, the post compatibility, the work responsibility.Achieves goal and so on work nature and quantity and

efficiencyinspection, comes the science appraisal each staff to be competent thenature to the post.The inspection is to staff's awarding, the penalty, training, adjuststhe hillock, is promoted, the salary, execution the and so on welfarebasis, may excavate the enterprise interior talented person through the inspection, may eliminate the unqualified staff.The inspection is competes and in the drive mechanism

introductionenterprise, may say, if an enterprise lacks the system of examiningand assessment or the system of examining and assessment becomes old,surely meets a stagnant water deep pool, cannot swing the beautifulripples, also radically will be far from picks up enterprise tomorrow the sun, the waiting perhaps is the rain is continuous.In the system of examining and assessment awards directs to proceed,the penalty hits is proceeding, awards and punishes all drives themeasure, is tends to the consummation one way.Above said three bigcontents, are an organic whole complement one another, indispensable.二．The enterprise talented person resources goal is attracts the person,trains the person, uses the good person, the excavation potential, thestimulation vigor.The enterprise should closely revolve the economical development goal,take the talented person resources development as the basic duty,fundamentally solves talented person's development and the use.1.Speeds up the establishment to adapt the management system which each kind of talented person grows.It must according to the market economy system request, the deepenedenter prise personnel system reform, speed up establishes adapts eachkind of talented person to grow the characteristic new talented person management system.It must revolve the high quality leader only then, the management managerial talent, the specialized technical talented person and the technical worker four troops constructs, establishes each characteristic the classification control system, takes to pay specialattention to the innovation talented person, the compound talentedperson's raise and selects the use, sets up the heavy ability, theheavy actual accomplishments, the heavy contribution, encourages tostart an undertaking, the encouragement innovation, the

encouragementcompetition servant new idea.2.Enlarges educates training to the talented person the investment.The enterprise must use trains and educates the function to cause the enterprise to become “the study organization”, wears the strength tosharpen each kind of talented person's innovation ability and the creation ability.Trains in the work in the enterprise to be supposed to adopt high techand the high investment measure, makes the enterprise human capital unceasingly to rise in value.Enlarges to the training education investment, both can meet theenterprise economy development needs, and can satisfy the talented person earnestly seeking which enhances to the professional profession development and

individual ability, this kind of investment can obtain compared to a material higher repayment, moreover this kind of repayment has the persistent effect and the ultra cost.3.Enhances to talented person's drive dynamics

The drive is the modern enterprise talented person resources development core.Whether does the talented person resources on potential display andcan display in the great degree, relies on in the certain degree totalented person's drive dynamics.The

enterprise in the introduction of talent, the use needs positively to study individual demand and the system satisfies the feeling toindividual demand the influence as well as can have each kind of drive function mechanism, formulates the talented person troop incometreatment and its the post responsibility and the achievement,contributes the suspension hook the principle, implements according to the post, according to the duty, the distribution system which pays compensation according to the achievement, encourages element of production participation income assignment and so on the

technology,management, maximum limit arouses the talented person enthusiasm,finally realizes the enterprise economy development and the talented person resources development double abundant harves.t

三．The human resources department also must create the profit.The human resources department therefore the comparison difficultywith accomplishes the strategic status, is “spends” the departmentwith the human resources department to have the greatest relations,because needs to spend, therefore enterprise mister

considers from the economic efficiency aspect, the implementation taps new resources andreduces expenses policy, irreproachable, the human resources department can not blame god and man.But if can change this kind to be congenitally deficient, also turnsthe human resources department the creation profit the department,then the human resources department's status definitely may regard asanother matter.In business management, if the human resources department can do fine the inspection module does thoroughly is also may weigh the profitcreation the rod.In the accounting has together the formula “the profit =(property +income)-(debt + expense)”.The human resources inspection module if can complete, may really implement “the more pay for more work, little works are few, does not work does not have” the fair assignment mechanism, reduces the invalid waste, this is may get quick results knows the profit creation animportant aspect.But as for above mentioned positively consultation content and so on participates in the management, provides, also belongs to the profit creation the content, is only when the weight compares difficulty with the quantification.所谓的人力资源管理是指，运用科学的方法，协调人与事的关系，处理人与人的矛盾，充分发挥人的潜能。使人尽其才，事得其人，人事相宜，以实现组织目标的过程。人力资源管理的英文简称是“HRM”，其内涵是指人力资源的获取、整合、激励以及调控的全过程。包括人力资源规划、人员招聘、绩效评估、员工培训、工资福利政策等等。它与传统的人事管理有着本质的区别。人力资源管理还蕴涵着一种认识，现实中的人存在各种差异，只有与其他资源结合的人才有能力创造价值。由此可见，人们的知识和能力也是战略资源，需要随机应变的管理。人力资源管理的另一个典型的特征是关于整合的概念，一整套的的员工政策、活动和实践需要前后连贯并同组织战略结合起来。

企业由管理内容、管理形式、管理制度等所形成的管理理念和被管理的具体人、事、物、组

织等构成了企业文化，形成了一种企业精神，是区别其他企业的特征，而这一切都是人去组织和落实的，所以人力资源管理在企业管理活动中具有举足轻重的作用

第二篇：浅谈人力资源管理在中小企业中的作用

Shallowly discusse the human resources management in enterprise's function

The human resource management is using science method, coordinating person and matter relations, processing the person and person's contradiction,fully displaying person's on potential.Causes to enable each person to develop his talents, matter itsperson, the human affairs are suitable, realizes the organization goal process.The human resources management English abbreviation is “HRM”.Its connotation refers to the human resources the gain, the conformity, the drive as well as the regulative entire process.Including the human resource plan, the personnel advertise for, theachievements appraised, the staff trains, wages and welfare policy and so on.It has essential with the traditional personnel management the difference.The human resources management also is containing one kind of understanding, in the reality person has each kind of difference, only with other resources unions talent people has the ability to create the value.So people's knowledge and the ability also are the strategic resources,needing the according to the circumstance management.The human resources management another typical characteristic is aboutthe conformity concept.Around an entire set of staff policy, the activity and the practice need to link up and unifies with the organization strategy.Enterprise by management content，management form, the control system and so on forms the management idea and the concrete person, the matter, the thing, the organization which managedand so on was constituted the enterprise culture.It has formed one kind of enterprise spirit, it’s distinguishing other enterprises the characteristic.But all these are the person organizes and the realization.Therefore the human resources management has the pivotal function inthe business management activity.Along with the modern human affairs theory development and the modern management idea system formation, the person places as the productiveforces first big essential factor head of in the each big resources.Because the person has the subjective initiative,using other resources the ability, it’s may creating the wealth the resources.But the so-called management is an art which goes according toperson's will accomplishes, may say in the modern management idea thehuman resources management is the enterprise culture core.一Human resources management has three big contents：the employment advertise hires, the staff trains, the achievementsinspection, other work is all serveing for these three big contents.The human resources manage an art are a science.1.The employment advertise hires.An enterprise's start first is the human resources start, forguarantees the production activity when the enterprise interior humanresources lack needs from exterior employment advertise talented person, for enterprise's development prompt supplement qualified human resources, the realization enterprise interior human resources reasonable effective disposition.Says from another angle, it’s guaranteesing personnel's individual quality and the community quality safeguard.Which kind of low level competition the well known present enter prise competition isn't past that kind regards the low price sale to attachit for the main method by the high quota buckling rate, but at presentin under the modern management idea instruction enterprise'scompetition is omni-directional, mainly highlighted in talented person's competition, the personnel quality competition.If the international well-known enterprise which because the modern enterprise's marketing plans, the management method, marketconsciousness and so on the advanced competition way is depending on the talented person which high quality completes “the General Motors” in Shanghai every year from various name brands university selects theoutstanding university graduates unceasingly to enrich to theenterprise in, and unceasingly trains its working ability and the professional knowledge, causes the enterprise overall quality as fornot to appear the competitive ability the fault, the employment advertise hires the work is front which the enterprise competes part.2.Staff training Training is the enterprise activities important constituent, mainly includes the enterprise culture training, enterprise policy training,behavior standards training, specialized skill training, to work senseof responsibility training.The training goal is making the enterprise to preserve the exuberant development momentum, for enterprise's development transportation qualified human resources, the present training work has become asystem, strengthened the goal, system.Take market as under guidance production method, enterprise in order to survive, in order to develop also must comply with market development path.This is a rule, is not taking person's will as theshift.Under the ever changing market situation, enterprise's development and the management is also facing the new opportunity and the newchallenge.The enterprise takes what capital to meet the approaching enemy thenew opportunity and the new challenge.Looks like or can not leave person this to be most basic,greatest,richest vigor capital.Shanghai Yuyuan group respective company,Shanghai Qiaojiazhan group respective company is forecast the market shift, promptly formulates the training plan,achieved ahead of time trains arrives, was allowed promptly to complywith the market shift, the market economy did not wait for the person;Does not struggle does not snatch is the mediocre person, company'straining is take improves the personnel quality take the market as theguidance as the key point, but is not in corrects the time waste atstaff's deviation, because the quality enhanced the deviation nature to be few.The training work is a foundation which the enterprise develops.3.Achievements inspection The achievements inspection is droving the mechanism the need, it’s the human resources core, it’s through to staff's working ability, the post compatibility, the work responsibility.Achieves goal and so on work nature and quantity and efficiencyinspection, comes the science appraisal each staff to be competent thenature to the post.The inspection is to staff's awarding, the penalty, training, adjuststhe hillock, is promoted, the salary, execution the and so on welfarebasis, may excavate the enterprise interior talented person through the inspection, may eliminate the unqualified staff.The inspection is competes and in the drive mechanism introductionenterprise, may say, if an enterprise lacks the system of examiningand assessment or the system of examining and assessment becomes old,surely meets a stagnant water deep pool, cannot swing the beautifulripples, also radically will be far from picks up enterprise tomorrow the sun, the waiting perhaps is the rain is continuous.In the system of examining and assessment awards directs to proceed,the penalty hits is proceeding, awards and punishes all drives themeasure, is tends to the consummation one way.Above said three bigcontents, are an organic whole complement one another, indispensable.二．The enterprise talented person resources goal is attracts the person,trains the person, uses the good person, the excavation potential, thestimulation vigor.The enterprise should closely revolve the economical development goal,take the talented person resources development as the basic duty,fundamentally solves talented person's development and the use.1.Speeds up the establishment to adapt the management system which each kind of talented person grows.It must according to the market economy system request, the deepenedenter prise personnel system reform, speed up establishes adapts eachkind of talented person to grow the characteristic new talented person management system.It must revolve the high quality leader only then, the management managerial talent, the specialized technical talented person and the technical worker four troops constructs, establishes each characteristic the classification control system, takes to pay specialattention to the innovation talented person, the compound talentedperson's raise and selects the use, sets up the heavy ability, theheavy actual accomplishments, the heavy contribution, encourages tostart an undertaking, the encouragement innovation, the encouragementcompetition servant new idea.2.Enlarges educates training to the talented person the investment.The enterprise must use trains and educates the function to cause the enterprise to become “the study organization”, wears the strength tosharpen each kind of talented person's innovation ability and the creation ability.Trains in the work in the enterprise to be supposed to adopt high techand the high investment measure, makes the enterprise human capital unceasingly to rise in value.Enlarges to the training education investment, both can meet theenterprise economy development needs, and can satisfy the talented person earnestly seeking which enhances to the professional profession development and individual ability, this kind of investment can obtain compared to a material higher repayment, moreover this kind of repayment has the persistent effect and the ultra cost.3.Enhances to talented person's drive dynamics The drive is the modern enterprise talented person resources development core.Whether does the talented person resources on potential display andcan display in the great degree, relies on in the certain degree totalented person's drive dynamics.The enterprise in the introduction of talent, the use needs positively to study individual demand and the system satisfies the feeling toindividual demand the influence as well as can have each kind of drive function mechanism, formulates the talented person troop incometreatment and its the post responsibility and the achievement,contributes the suspension hook the principle, implements according to the post, according to the duty, the distribution system which pays compensation according to the achievement, encourages element of production participation income assignment and so on the technology,management, maximum limit arouses the talented person enthusiasm,finally realizes the enterprise economy development and the talented person resources development double abundant harves.t 三．The human resources department also must create the profit.The human resources department therefore the comparison difficultywith accomplishes the strategic status, is “spends” the departmentwith the human resources department to have the greatest relations,because needs to spend, therefore enterprise mister considers from the economic efficiency aspect, the implementation taps new resources andreduces expenses policy, irreproachable, the human resources department can not blame god and man.But if can change this kind to be congenitally deficient, also turnsthe human resources department the creation profit the department,then the human resources department's status definitely may regard asanother matter.In business management, if the human resources department can do fine the inspection module does thoroughly is also may weigh the profitcreation the rod.In the accounting has together the formula “the profit =(property +income)-(debt + expense)”.The human resources inspection module if can complete, may really implement “the more pay for more work, little works are few, does not work does not have” the fair assignment mechanism, reduces the invalid waste, this is may get quick results knows the profit creation animportant aspect.But as for above mentioned positively consultation content and so on participates in the management, provides, also belongs to the profit creation the content, is only when the weight compares difficulty with the quantification.所谓的人力资源管理是指，运用科学的方法，协调人与事的关系，处理人与人的矛盾，充分发挥人的潜能。使人尽其才，事得其人，人事相宜，以实现组织目标的过程。人力资源管理的英文简称是“HRM”，其内涵是指人力资源的获取、整合、激励以及调控的全过程。包括人力资源规划、人员招聘、绩效评估、员工培训、工资福利政策等等。它与传统的人事管理有着本质的区别。人力资源管理还蕴涵着一种认识，现实中的人存在各种差异，只有与其他资源结合的人才有能力创造价值。由此可见，人们的知识和能力也是战略资源，需要随机应变的管理。人力资源管理的另一个典型的特征是关于整合的概念，一整套的的员工政策、活动和实践需要前后连贯并同组织战略结合起来。

企业由管理内容、管理形式、管理制度等所形成的管理理念和被管理的具体人、事、物、组织等构成了企业文化，形成了一种企业精神，是区别其他企业的特征，而这一切都是人去组织和落实的，所以人力资源管理在企业管理活动中具有举足轻重的作用

第三篇：中小企业人力资源管理

[键入文字] [键入文字] 中小企业人力资源管理

中小企业人力资源管理

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中小企业人力资源管理

在社会经济发展的过程中，人力资源由于其主导性特点，始终处于起决定性作用的第一资源的重要地位。因此，要促进经济持续增长，就要优先考虑人力资源的投入需要，由于人力资源具有社会性和成长性的特点，企业必须用其系统的观点，以开放的视角来认识人力资源，在整合和优化人力资源的同时，挖掘和提升人力资源的价值，这是人力资源有别与其他资源的关键，是企业管理活动中必须关注的重点内容。

为了有效地提升人力资源的价值，并整合和优化人力资源的配置以更好的实现企业的发展目标，企业人力资源开发与管理是关键，具体的企业人力资源管理与开发活动包括了企业为实现生产经营活动阔的再生产而进行的人力资源开发，优化配置，使用，绩效，评价等诸多环节的总和。

现如今，我国中小企业的主要特点是量大、面广、起点不高，多集中于劳动密集型产业。面对新世纪全球经济一体化和国内经济转型的两大挑战，其发展的核心问题是人才。人才缺乏，尤其是高素质的管理人才和高水平的技术人才的缺乏已严重制约了我国中小企业的健康发展。因此，普遍提高中小企业劳动者素质，建设一支宏大的、高素质人才队伍，培养、吸引和用好人才，这应该作为促进中小企业发展的一项重大战略任务。

一、中小企业人力资源管理的现状

(一)人力资源管理缺少规划

中小企业人力资源管理缺少规划。由于中小企业一般缺乏较明确的发展战略，因此在人力资源管理方面也不可能有明确的计划，只能是走一步，看一步。在缺少合格人员时，才考虑招聘，在人员素质不符合企业发展需要时，才考虑培训。招聘公司急缺人才时，任意调整公司薪酬制度，提高薪酬水平，吸引人才。有闲置人才时又找借口，任意降低薪酬，减少经营风险。由于缺少规划导致人力资源管理上存在较大的随意性，使得人员流动性较大，最终影响了企业正常的生产经营。

(二)信息技术在企业管理中未得到充分利用，人力部门仍忙于日常事务

很多企业虽然建立了企业局域网，实现了与互联网的连通，但很多企业的各级管理者和员工还不习惯通过网络完成传统的管理互动内容，网络在企业管理中的价值没有得到充分发挥。对这些企业的人力部门而言，就意味着难以从事务性工作中脱身，无法集中在核心事务上，效率不高。我国已加入WTO，借鉴发达国家人力资源管理一整套技术和方法，对企业内部中高级管理人员进行二次开发、推进企业信息化进程，积极“补课”以实现人力资源管理在企业组织中角色的战略转移，成为中国企业家群体的当务之急。

(三)大量的人力资源管理者缺乏实际经验

大量的人力资源管理或相关专业近期毕业的大学生，他们有系统的专业知识，有十分活跃的头脑，敢想敢干，可塑性十分强。这些人士分布在各种类型的企业中，特别是外资企业和高新技术企业中聘用的较多。但是，人力资源管理是一个

知识与经验并重的工作。一个优秀的人力资源管理者不仅要懂得专业知识，还要十分熟悉劳动法律、法规及相关的政策，更要有大量的实践经验，这些都需要较长时间的刻苦钻研和积累才能掌握。

(四)中小企业人力资源管理的投入不足

由于中小企业多数处于资金积累的成长期，而且大多数从事薄弱的传统产业，资金积累是～个漫长的过程，对外融资又非常困难，所以资金实力相对薄弱。在引进人才上，和大企业引进人才时数十万、甚至上百万年薪相比，往往显得无能为力。比如你让一个小规模的加工厂拿出几十万年薪去聘请一个职业经理人来运营企业，是很不现实的。一个职业经理人的年薪甚至就是一个小企业的纯利润。要企业拿出大比重的资本来引进这些高层人才，也会为企业的运营带来较大风险。在培训人才上，中小企业也很少投入。很多企业根本没有开展培训工作；即使有，也是对生产中迫切需要的技术进行临时培训。

(五)中小企业人力资源流失严重

当今市场竞争机制的不断完善和人事制度改革的深入推进，使得大中型企业与中小型企业之间的人力资源竞争空前激烈；中小企业在人力资源管理理念和管理制度等方面不完善，造成人力资源与企业发展战略不匹配，人事任用不当，绩效考核体系、员工报偿制度、激励机制有缺陷不公正，培训缺乏效用，员工职业发展规划滞后等问题，这些都会造成中小企业人力资源严重流失。

(六)公司战略目标不明确

人力资源部门必须结合企业战略的实施予以人力资源的支持和保证。在人力资源开发与管理活动中，应从战略目标出发，以战略为指导，确保人力资源政策的正确性与有效性。因此，人力资源规划的前提是企业发展与企业战略首先要明晰，而后才能分解到人力资源方面，随后才会有人员需求计划、招聘计划、薪资福利计划等与之相配套。而中小企业一般缺乏较明确的发展战略，尤其在快速扩张阶段，往往涉足于不同的业务领域，其中不乏许多新兴产业。而这些新兴产业在研发、营销、管理、服务等各个环节没有成熟的经验可以借鉴，尤其是一些新开拓的项目，定岗定编工作不像传统业务那么成熟。因此在人力资源管理方面也不可能有明确的规划，只能是走一步，看一步。

二、中小企业人力资源管理的对策

(一)确定企业人力资源管理的战略目标

建议由劳动部门牵头，组织有关部门联合对我国中小企业人力资源状况、岗位供求、岗前培训、持证上岗等进行一次调查。通过调查，了解和掌握中小企业在改革和发展中人力资源开发管理方面最迫切需要解决的问题，并以此确定我国中小企业人力资源开发管理的战略目标。

(二)配备专门的人力资源管理人员并提高其素质

人力资源管理对于我国大多数企业来说还比较陌生，它的引进也只是最近几年的事。即使有人来担任此职位却缺少这方面的知识和经验。陌生的管理方式被引入到企业必须有熟知它的人才能将它落实到实处。所以，企业要想方设法提高他们的素质。首先可以采用内部培训的方式，为他们购买人力资源管理方面的书

籍、资料，以增加他们的知识。其次采用外部培训的方式，组织他们到有这方面经验的公司去学习交流。再则可用外部招聘的方式，聘请有这方面经验的人来担任此职务，并鼓励其将所掌握的技能在实际工作中传授给经验不足的管理人员。

(三)加强企业学习氛围及员工培训

对于中小企业，尤其是高新技术的企业，知识上的落伍，将直接导致企业在市场上缺乏竞争力。而且另一方面，中小企业的员工大部分都是年轻人，他们对于知识的渴求度是非常大的。定期学习和培训是他们最为看重的两点。为了公司以后的持续发展，为了吸引和挽留优秀的员工，必须要加强企业的学习氛围，加强对于员工的培训。此外，加强上下层之间的经常性沟通，使员工释放挫折感和不满情绪。加强同级之间的自由交流，实现知识共享和信息交流互补，获取隐性知识和显性知识。

(四)解放思想，合理放权

中小企业领导要解放思想，相信下属，在做好企业的整体规划时，不断地给别人机会，合理放权。同时老板要以德管人，用德来影响别人，力争像王石、张瑞敏一样地成为思想家，要让自己的员工心甘情愿地为企业奉献。

(五)利用网络促进中小企业人力资源管理科学化

充分利用网络，企业可以更好地进行科学的人力资源开发、人才培训，高效地完成招聘计划。人力资源管理网络化的最大优势就是使企业内部血脉通畅，信息传递迅捷，焕发活力，成为大网络组织中的一个信息灵通的活跃结点。具体地说，企业可以通过网络建立聊天室、公告栏、建议区、个人主页等，每位员工可以通过网络与其他部门或个人进行横向、纵向的交流。这样，传统的科层制度也被流程式、矩阵式等以网络为依托的管理方式取代。

(六)建立科学的人力资源管理观念

首先，中小企业应树立起人力资源开发与管理的观念。人力资源开发与管理是企业战略性管理的观念。人力资源开发管理部门应处于企业管理的中心地位，同时应纳入企业经营总战略和总决策中。其次，树立人力资本观念。人力资本理论的先驱者——西奥多·舒尔次也认为“人力资本是人的知识、能力、健康等质量的提高对经济成长的贡献远比物质资本和劳动力数量的增加重要”。党的十六大报告明确提出“放手让一切劳动、知识、技术、管理和资本的活力竞相进发”；要“确立劳动、资本、技术和管理等生产要素按贡献参与分配的原则”。新形势下，这种对管理要素、技术要素资本化趋势的认同就是最大的创新。企业应注重人力资本的作用，在企业中建立利益共同体，让员工分红入股，让技术创新者凭技术入股，让职业经理人以管理股的形式拥有企业的产权，使员工与企业利益共享、风险共担、共存共荣，使人们自觉自愿地努力工作。

第四篇：浅谈中小企业人力资源管理

会计923熊玲玲200926514

5浅谈中小企业人力资源管理

【摘要 】 在当今,经济竞争的激烈程度越来越强。这对很多企业带来很多压力，尤其是那些中小企业，而要使这些企业获得更好的效益，就必须要好的管理制度.这也就要求我们企业要有适合自己的管理方案和对策。企业的人力资源管理一直成为我们首要考虑的问题。本论文主要分析我国中小企业在人力资源管理方面现状和存在的问题，并针对性地提出了加强人力资源管理的建议，以期提高我国中小企业的竞争力。

关键词竞争中小企业对策人力资源管理

【研究目的和意义】

企业拥有四大资源，即：人力资源、物质资源、财力资源和信息资源。其中，人力资源是指组织以人为中心开展一系列管理活动，其目的是要把组织所需要的人力资源吸引到组织中来，将他们保留在组织内，调动他们的工作积极性，并开发他们的潜能，以便充分发挥他们的积极作用，已实现组织的服务目标。物质资源、财力资源和信息资源归根到底是通过与人力资源的结合实现的，其实现的好坏主要取决与人力资源中人力资本的利用程度以及人力资源的质量。因此，企业要在市场上获得竞争优势，在很大程度取决于其充分利用人力资源的能力。i i 卢福财 人力资源管理 高等教育出版社 2006年

中小企业与大企业相比，中小企业的优势在于市场承受能力强、活力充沛、适应性强、灵活性高；但同时中小企业存在规模小，资源拥有量有限，特别是专业技术人员少，企业经营者的管理素质和企业员工文化知识水平不高等劣势。因此，中小企业的人力资源管理有其自身的特殊性。本文从中小企业自身的特点出发，探讨符合中小企业人力资源管理的对策，以便充分挖掘企业员工的潜力，提高他们对企业的认同感和责任感，只有这样才能使中小企业拥有不断创新的活力，保证其在研发、生产、营销等方面具有一定的领先地位，最终赢得市场的认可

【正文】

一、中小企业人力资源管理的困境及分析

(一)、企业家人力资本稀缺 中小企业的中高层管理人员普遍缺乏现代化管理的知识和思维，对市场经济体制及其机制了解甚少，缺乏长远眼光，导致决策短视甚至决策的某些失误；人员配置不合理，某些重要岗位被占用，阻碍真正有用的人力资源进入；人员素质不适应专业化的工作，造成企业的低效率。

（二）、人员流失严重 由于中小企业在制芳安排、利益分配、福利保障、精神文化建设、激励等方面的问题，使其难以留住优秀人才，尤其是中高层管理人员和关键部门关键人才，跳槽现象比较普遍。这一现象导致了人力资源损耗加载，使人力资本使用成本上升，企业正常的生产经营秩序难以维系，影响企业员工队伍的结构优化。更主要的危害是在日益国际化的今天造成企业发展机会均等的丧失。

（三）、人力资源管理水平不高 管理既是一门科学又是一门协调的艺术。对人力资源进行管理时既要有科学的人力资源管理制度方法，又要求上至总经理下至各级主管在内的所有管理者的直接参与。而中小企业的人力资源管理部门，目前一般还存在独自为政，主动服务意识不强，内功修炼不够等缺陷。

二、对策与措施/

3（一）、从外部引入职业经理人来加强企业优势 所谓职业经理，是指在一个所有权、法人财产权和经营权分离的企业承担法人财产的保值增值责任，由企业在职业经理人市场上聘任，而其自身以受薪、股票期权等以获得报酬为主要方式的企业经营管理专家。在企业治理结构中，董事会行使对企业的领导职能，职业经理分布于经理层各个岗位行使经营管理职能。职业经理以打造和规范企业管理秩序为使命，从经营理念、管理技术、制度建设、团队培养等方面入手，使企业经营管理有序运行。职业经理以实现企业利益最大化为奋斗目标。

提高职业经理人的忠诚度 中小企业做大做强需要使用外部人才，但是，大多企业最放心不下的是职业经理人的忠诚。因此一方面在加强对职业经理人的信任。用人不疑，颖人不用，放手让职业经理人在职权范围内开展工作，而不是处处制约。另一方面要加强伦理道德的约束，用职业道德、个人信用来约束职业经理人。中小企业的职业经理忠实而严格地履行契约即是对企业的忠诚。

[加强对职业经理人的激励和约束 职业经理行使的是管理职能，是把企业内部各种生产要素组织起来并使之发挥最大效益。企业一是应做好使用能人留住人才的工作，需要有相应措施，其主要内容是事业留人、环境留人、制度留人、待遇留人、感情留人，缺少其中任何一项都会造成人才伤害。二是建立科学的绩效测评制度，使对职业经理的薪酬激励与绩效挂钩。三是要重视建立相应的约束机制。建立对于职业经理人的权力界定、业绩评估、财务审计等制度，其目的并不是限制职业经理人才能的发挥，而是为了更有助于他们和企业所有者之间的融合。

（二）、加强员工的管理 随着经济全球一体化的深入发展，中小经济在其发展中也遇到了一些问题，如筹资困难、信用不足、人才匮乏等。而在目前条件下，中小企业的人才短缺，人力资源的管理不善，则是严重制约企业发展的一个严重问题。因此，如何提高对中小企业人力资源的管理，是当前中小企业发展急需解决问题。

尊重员工，培养员工的献身精神和忠诚度。企业要从物质、精神等诸多方面来努力创造条件，使员工在工作岗位上体会到工作的乐趣，看到工作对自身的价值。让每一位员工都意识到：员工是企业的上帝，命运掌权在自己手里，激发出员工的无限热清。

为员工提供施展舞台，激发员工的创新精神。企业的人才资源既包括普通员工又包括经营管理人员。企业管理人员是企业重要人才，这就要求企业家改变传统的经营观念和人才意识，学会以科学的人力资源管理理论为指导，建立合理化、制度化、人性化的现代管理机制；把企业的经营权切实交给经营管理层。培养优秀的企业文化，努力激发员工的创新精神。建立与员工的对话制度；建立科学的业绩考核制度；强化管理，培育企业组织的团队精神。

（三）、建立有效的激励与约束制度。构筑企业的约束与激励机制应从三个方面来考虑。其一，进行有效的利益激励。实行员工持股制度，将企业的经营成果与员工的经济利益紧密结合在一起，促使员工自觉地关心企业的经营决策，努力为企业获取最佳效益勤奋工作。其二，要注意感染性的情感激励。加强“感情投资”，多关怀员工。其三，遵循市场竞争法则实行末位淘汰制。要定期对员工进行考核评估，优秀的要给予奖励，差的应予淘汰，从而促进企业员工整体素质的提高。营造良好的企业文化。企业文化是企业成员的思想观念、思维方式、行为方式以及企业规范、生存气氛的总和，是企业在经营过程中创造的具有企业特色的精神财富的总和，对企业员工有感召力和凝聚力。营造良好的企业文化应从以下几方面入手：①与社会主义精神文明建设相适应，符合中华民族的传统美/

3德标准，不脱离我国的客观实际。②企业文化的核心是企业员工共同价值观的形成从而导致企业全体人员的统一行为。企业文化建设的成果必须是全体员工在实践中共同创造的。③正确引导员工摆正国家、企业和个人三者的利益关系，鼓励员工的献身精神忠诚度。④倡导团队精神和凝聚力。

（四）、建立标准化、规范化、制度化的管理机制。企业应该通过借鉴国外先进的管理经验，按照与国际接轨标准和规范，结合企业自身特点制订适合企业发展的组织设计和职务分析、人力资源规划、人员心理和素质测评、绩效考核制度及其它工作标准，帮助员工开发各种知识技能，提供实现个人专长的机会，铺设职业发展的阶梯，从而实现企业管理的科学决策、合理分工和有效控制。

【总结】

总之，进行科学的人力资源管理，减少跳槽现象发生，避免人才流失，提高人力资源利用效率。从外部引入职业经理人就是利用“外脑”对企业进行高效率的经营运作，克服企业不擅长现代经营的困境。只有两方面同时并重，双管齐下，中小企业才会在中国经济高速发展的大势下走得更快、更稳、更好。/ 3

第五篇：中小企业人力资源管理

我国中小企业人力资源管理的现状及绩效提升路径探讨

【内容摘要】随着近年来我国经济的发展，中小企业的人力资源管理越来越受到管理者的重视。当前，我国中小企业的人力资源管理虽然具有一定的优势，但也还存在着一些问题。文章深入分析了中小企业人力资源管理的优势及存在的问题，探讨了通过建立适合中小企业发展的企业文化提升人力资源管理绩效的路径。

【关键词】 我国中小企业人力资源管理绩效企业文化

一、引言

中小企业在国民经济中的地位和作用是十分重要的。20世纪90年代以来的经济快速增长中，工业新增产值的70%以上是由中小企业创造的。目前我国中小企业已经超过4200多万户，占全国企业总数的99.8%，中小企业创造的最终产品和服务价值相当于GDP的60%左右，上缴税收约为国家税收总额的53%，并提供了全社会70%以上的就业机会。中小企业在促进经济增长、缓解就业压力等方面发挥着积极的作用。然而随着企业的进一步发展，中小企业内部存在的一系列问题也逐渐暴露出来，特别是进入2008年以来，金融危机对我国中小企业造成了巨大冲击，中小企业的人力资源管理问题愈加凸显。因此，对中小企业人力资源管理的研究也就尤为重要。本文对中小企业人力资源管理中的优势及存在的问题进行分析，并探讨凭借建立适合中小企业发展的企业文化来提升人力资源管理绩效的相应措施。

二、相关文献回顾

企业文化的影响范围十分广泛，从企业的经营思想、经营行为到市场的开发、工作的总结等，企业文化对人力资源管理的影响作用很早就引起了学术界和企业界的广泛关注，我国学者对企业文化与人力资源管理之间的影响关系进行了大量的研究与探讨。

首先，在研究企业文化对人力资源战略的影响研究方面，我国学者作了大量的定性研究，他们认为企业文化对人力资源战略有导向作用、凝聚作用、激励作用、规范作用(黎伟，2003；任瞳、江鹏，2003)，并提出在未来竞争日益激烈的新经济时代，只有将企业核心文化理念内化于企业整体经营战略，以企业文化为导向推动企业人力资源战略与企业战略相融合，才能使企业在动荡、变化加速的变革时代始终立于不败之地(任瞳、江鹏，2003；杨静，2006)。其次，在企业文化对人力资源管理实践的影响的研究方面，大多数学者认为企业文化是绩效管理设计和运作的前提，为绩效管理提供一种道德约束和行为准则，同时使组织成员的精神需要获得满足(王海燕，2008)；张晔(2006)通过企业文化对企业绩效管理影响的理论分

析提出了最优企业文化有利绩效管理实施，最差企业文化制约绩效管理的观点。沈翌(2008)通过研究国内外成功企业的发展，探讨在生命周期各阶段企业文化与绩效考评机制协同发展的路径。

三、我国中小企业人力资源管理现状

1、我国中小企业人力资源管理方面的优势

（1）中小企业扁平化的组织结构的优势。中小企业扁平化的结构模式，大大减少了中间层次管理人员，提高了管理的效率，同时对市场变化也能够迅速察觉，做出快速反应。

（2）中小企业实行所有权和经营权两权合一经营方式的优势。采用这种方式可以避免经营者对企业进行“内部人控制”，也无需对企业经营者建立一套完善的内部机制以对其进行必要的激励和约束。因而，可以节省委托代理成本而保持企业的高效和竞争力。

（3）中小企业灵活的人才雇佣、选拔机制的优势。在计划经济年代，人才只进不出,给大型国有企业带来了沉重的负担，也造成了大型企业在市场经济环境中难以转型的困境。而中小企业在选拔、聘用人才方面更为灵活，企业能够在短期内获得合适的人才，员工在中小企业中更容易获得自我展示，自我价值实现的机会。

尽管中小企业拥有上述诸多优势，但是中小企业的这种优势，在21世纪的新环境中越来越显示出其不适应性，而且受其经营规模、资金短缺等因素的制约，使得中小企业人力资源管理方面存在着很多缺陷。

2、中小企业人力资源管理方面存在的主要问题

（1）中小企业所有者及高层管理者人力资源管理意识淡薄

知识经济条件下，人力资本已经成为企业最为重要的资本，但是在我国相当一部分中小企业的高层管理者还没有真正意识到这一点，以员工为中心的人力自管管理理念还没有被接受。从组织结构上来看，大多数的中小企业都没有设立专门的人力资源管理部门；从资金投入上来看，中小企业在人力资源管理上投入的资金和精力明显不足。

（2）培训重视程度不够，培训体制不科学

我国中小企业通常认为对于培训的投入应当点到为止，培训投入会增加企业的机会成本。在国外，中小企业人力资源的开发和培训支出一般占企业总利润的7%左右，而在我国该项支出不到1%。首先，中小企业缺乏对培训重要性的认识，培训的目的、任务、内容和方法不明确，培训缺乏科学合理的设计和规划；其次，中小企业在培训方面的投资严重不足。据一项对我国主要城市100多家中小企业的抽样调查表明，我国有30%以上的中小企业年人均教育和培训费用在10元以下，将近20%的企业在10－30元之间。

（3）人才激励机制、考核机制不完善

首先，有些企业对激励机制的理解十分简单，把激励简单等同于“奖励”，激励手段也过于简单，且随意性很大，使下属茫然无从，因而激励行为达不到预期效果。这样就导致了长期、有效的激励机制的缺乏。此外，我国大多数中小企业在满足了员工经济上的需要后就留不住人才了，这是忽视企业文化建设所造成的。其次，员工考核制度不规范：一方面没有规范和明确的考核制度，使考核变成形式，未能发挥其真正作用；另一方面，许多中小企业的员工工作绩效全凭主管的主观印象来评价，而不是以一定的工作成果来衡量，导致考核难以达到预期效果。

（4）企业文化建设薄弱，缺少凝聚人心的企业文化

企业文化是一个企业的精神动力，是提升企业竞争力的无形力量和资本，具有很强的时代性。企业文化是人力资源管理中的一个重要机制，只有当企业文化能够真正融入每个职工个人的价值观时，他们才能把企业的目标当成自己的奋斗目标，然而大多数国有企业人事部门大多未把企业文化纳入人力资源管理。企业文化在一个企业中所具有的导向功能、动力功能、凝聚功能、融合功能都没有被很好地挖掘出来，企业精神缺乏鲜明特色，凝聚力明显不足。

四、我国中小企业人力资源管理绩效提升的路径探讨

1、加强领导者对企业文化建设的正确理解和认识

提升人力资源管理的绩效，首先要全面提高企业管理者的素质，加强对企业文化正确的理解和认识。企业的领导者又是企业文化的设计者、倡导者和建设者，应注重培育中小企业管理者企业文化意识，提升他们企业文化建设理念，从思想上重视企业文化。努力提高管理者的综合素质，做到身体力行，做出企业文化理念和企业经营思想上的表率，用其先进的管理理念影响员工的价值取向。

2、完善人力资源管理制度，建立以人为本的制度文化

进一步完善中小企业的人力资源管理制度，包括培训制度、绩效考核制度等。在科学人才观的指导下，建立一种能尊重人性、发挥职工创造性和积极性的制度文化，切实提升人力资源管理效果。

一方面，企业应该建立科学的绩效考核体系。重视贡献与能力方面的考评，考核方法采取自评、员工之间互评及领导考评相结合。考核结果不仅作为奖惩依据，更重要的是通过绩效管理来达成组织目标以及帮助员工成长。

另一方面，企业要建立完善的激励机制，克服单纯以物质刺激为主的激励方式。结合企

业战略建立长期的激励机制，以科学的考核结果为依据，形成公平合理的报酬体系，真正体现薪酬的内部公平性；增强对员工的软激励，注重从情感上而不仅仅是从物质上激励员工。同时也要注重采用灵活多样的薪酬方式，除基本的物质报酬外，更多的为员工提供良好的工作环境、带薪休假等福利措施。同时对于不同层级的员工也要采用不同的薪酬方式。

3、从实践中培养中小企业特色文化

中小企业在建设企业文化的过程中，管理者应结合自身发展阶段、发展目标、经营战略、企业内外环境等多种因素，强化企业文化研究，找准企业文化定位，建设符合自身发展的独特企业文化。企业应营造创新型文化，本着求同存异的理念，接纳不同价值观念与行为规范，容许冲突的暂时存在；培育员工的创新意识，建立相应的创新机制，保持企业文化的创新动力。同时，企业应加强对核心文化的建设，在全体员工心目中树立起强大的企业形象，形成坚不可摧的凝聚力，使员工的发展同企业的目标紧紧的联系在一起。

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