第一篇：英语专业四级必备语法 第9期(平行结构)【卧龙雪痕】
英语专业四级必备语法 第9期(平行结构)【卧龙雪痕整理】【南阳师范学院
外国语学院】
九、平行结构
1.注意比较结构中相比较的内容在语法形式上是否相同。如：
It is better to die on one’s feet than to live on one’s knees.Despite the temporary difficulties, the manager prefers increasing the output to decreasing it.2.其他具有并列或比较意义的短语。
(1)rather than, let alone 虽不是并列连词，但在结构上连接两个语法形式相同的成分。如：
We are taught that a business letter should be written in a formal style rather than in a personal style.For the new country to survive, let alone for its people to enjoy prosperity, new economic policies will be required.(2)如果平行的两个成分在形式上是介词短语，而且介词相同，一般说来第二个介词不要省略。如：
At times, more care goes into the composition of newspaper and magazine advertisements than into the writing of the features and editorials.
第二篇：英语专业四级必备语法 第3期(动名词)【卧龙雪痕】
英语专业四级必备语法 第3期(动名词)【卧龙雪痕整理】【南阳师范学院外
国语学院】
三、动名词
1.必须接动名词做宾语的动词
牢记下列要求接动名词做宾语的动词：
acknowledge, advocate, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, admit, confess, consider, delay, deny, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, favor, finish, forgive, imagine, involve, justify, mention, pardon, practice, postpone, recall，recollect，risk, resist, suggest, tolerate。如：
I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.2.动名词做介词短语
考生尤其要识别下列短语中的to是介词，不是不定式符号：
object to, resort to, react to, contribute to, look forward to, be accustomed to, be committed to, be exposed to, be subjected to, be devoted to, be dedicated to, be opposed to, be reconciled to, be contrary to, be(get)used to, come close to, get down to, give oneself up to, prefer…to, see to, set to, take to, in addition to, with regard to, with a view to, on the way to。如：
第三篇：英语专业四级语法重点总结形容词副词【卧龙雪痕整理】（共）
英语专业四级语法重点总结:形容词副词【卧龙雪痕整理】【南阳师范学院外
国语学院】
形容词副词
1前置修饰语的排列顺序
可以置于冠词前的形容词（all both such)-----冠词，指示形容词，所有格形容词，不定形容词（a an the this your his any some)-----------基数词（one)序数词
（first)------------表示性质，状态，质量的形容词（good useful)--------------表示大小，长短，形状的形容词----------------表示年龄，新旧，温度的形容词------------表示颜色的形容词---------------------表示国籍，产地，区域的形容词-----------表示材料，用做形容词的名词----------动名词，分词
2．后置修饰语由前缀a-构成的形容词
3．形容词修饰由some-,any-,every-,no-,-body,-one,-thing等组成的复合不定代词时，必须后置
4．enough作形容词修饰名词时既可放前又可放后，但当它作副词修饰形容词或副词时，必须后置
5．有些形容词本身就有‘比……年长’，‘比……优等的意思这些形容词后面用介词to 而不用than
6．much too 作为副词短语修饰形容词或副词，不修饰名词
7．more不能用来修饰比较级
8．与名词连用的more of a.../ as much of a.../ more of a....意为更像……
9．asmuchofa……意为称得上，less of a 意为算不上
10．none other than(不是别人，正是）=no other than
11．any/sone/every与other连用时，其后若用可数名词，一般为单数
第四篇：英语专业四级语法重点总结 存在句的非限定形式【卧龙雪痕】
英语专业四级语法重点总结 存在句的非限定形式【卧龙雪痕整理】【南阳师范
学院外国语学院】
存在句的非限定形式
1）存在句的非限定形式
there to be 和 there being结构
2）there to be 和 there being结构用法与区别 there to be：作for 介词补语
作动词（except, want, like, prefer, hate…）的宾语 eg.They planned for there to be another meeting Members like there to be plenty of choice.there being : 作除for外的介词的补语
作主语和状语 eg.John was relying on there being another opportunity.There being a bus stop so near the house is a good advantage.存在句的非限定形式与限定形式的转化
eg.For there to be so few people in the street was unusual.= It was unusual that there were so few people in the street.
第五篇：英语专业四级经典语法练习题
英语专业四级语法练习题 Mary is _______ than Alice.A.more experienced a teacher
B.a more experienced teacher C.more an experienced teacher
D.more experienced teacher an experienced teacher, 比较级加在形容词前，因此B。_______ the two, Bob is ________ student.A.Of, more diligent
B.In, more diligent C.Of, the more diligent
D.In, the more diligent the ＋比较级＋ of the two，因此C。
Western Nebraska generally receives less snow than _______ Eastern Nebraska.A.in B.it receives in C.does D.it does in
(1992)
(1995)
(1996)完整形式应该是：than Eastern Nebraska receives snow，省去了部分谓语，保留了主语和助动词，可以倒装，因此C。
The indoor swimming pool seems to be a great more luxurious than _______.(1998)A.is necessary B.being necessary C.to be necessary D.it is necessary 这个句子是一个由than引导的比较状语从句，既然是从句那么可以排除BC；than引导的从句中省略了的主语应该是the indoor swimming pool，为避免重复，一般省略，不需要用it来指代。A。
There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of mountain climbing than ______ in the public mind today.(1999)A.exists B.exist C.existing
D.to exist 省略了的主语是anxiety，因此谓语动词用第三人称单数：A The experiment requires more money than _______.(2002)A.have been put in
B.being put in
C.has been put in
D.to be put in than引导的从句中省略了的主语应该是money，因此谓语动词要用第三人称单数，C。The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of a fully-loaded truck, _______ to the truck.(2003)A.the greater stress is
B.greater is the stress C.the stress is greater
D.the greater the stress “地表和载满货物卡车的接触面越小，卡车对地面的压强就越大。”A。as Some dieters find that after their dieting is over, they ate twice _______ they did before their diet.(1993)A.more than B.as many as C.much than D.as much as D,“饭量是以前的两倍”。A是指“三倍”，不合常理。
Language belongs to each member of the society, to the cleaner ___ to the professor.(1998)A.as far as B.the same as C.as much as D.as long as C，as much as“达到与„„一样的程度”，完整的后半个句子应是：language belongs to the cleaner as much as it belong to the professor “语言属于社会的每个成员，既属于清洁工，也属于教授”；as far as“一直到某个程度”；the same as“与„„一样”；表示“清洁工和教授是一样的”，意思不妥；as long as“只要”。
She did her work ______ her manager had instructed.(2002)A.as
B.until
C.when
D.though as可表示方式，意思是“按照，如同”；“她依照经理的指示办事。”A。
The trumpet player was certainly loud.But I wasn’t bothered by his loudness ______ by his lack of talent.(2004)A.so much as B.rather than C.as
D.than A考点是not „ so much as句型，表示“与其说是，倒不如说是”、“更多的是，而不是”。“毫无疑问，那个喇叭手的号声吵死了，但与其说我烦他的声音大，倒不如说烦他没吹号的天分。”
His remarks were ________ annoy everybody at the meeting.(2005)A.so as to
B.such as to
C.such to
D.as much as to such as为固定搭配，意为“到如此程度以致”，又如：His illness is not such as to cause anxiety.他的病还没有严重到令人担心的地步。Twelve is to three _______ four is to one.(1998)A.what
B.as
C.that
D.like 水对鱼的关系就像空气对人的关系一样：Water is to fish what air is to man.A is to B what C is to D Intellect is to the mind ______ sight is to the body.(2001)A.what
B.as
C.that
D.like 智力对于思想，犹如视力对于身体一样。not + 比较级 + than, no + 比较级 + than John is _______ hardworking than his sister, but he failed in the exam.(1998)A.no less B.no more
C.not less
D.no so A，“约翰的用功绝不亚于他姐姐，可是这次考试他却没及格。”not less than只是比较约翰和他姐姐，没有强调约翰非常用功。
Fat cannot change into muscle _______ muscle changes into fat.(1999)A.any more than B.no more than C.no less than D.much more than A，“脂肪不能转变为肌肉，就像肌肉不能转变为脂肪一样。”not „ any more than意思是“和„同样都不„”。as / though / much as David Singer, my friend’s father, ______ raised and educated in New York, lived and lectured in Africa most of his life.(1993)A.who
B.if
C.while
D.though D，表示转折。答案C while只是表示同时并列的转折。如：While I understand your views, I can’t agree with you.______ he needed money for a new car, he decided not to borrow it from the bank.(1998)A.Much as
B.Much though C.As much D.Though much A, much as可看作是固定词组，作连词，引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管，虽然”。如Much as I should like to see you, I am afraid you could not come.Fool _____ Jane is, she could not have done such a thing.(2002)A.who
B.as
C.that
D.like B，有倒装，a./n.+ as + 主语 + 助动词be，如：Patient as he is, he can’t bear it any longer.______ I like economics, I like sociology much better.(2003)A.As much as
B.So much C.How much D.Much as D, 同18题。______, Mr.Wells is scarcely in sympathy with the working class.(2005)A.Although he is a socialist
B.Even if he is a socialist C.Being a socialist
D.Since he is a socialist 虽然韦尔斯先生是一个社会主义者，但他对工人阶级却没有什么同情心。表转折含义的只有A项。
定 语 从 句
Above the trees are the hills, ________ magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface.(2003)A.where
B.of whose
C.whose D.which C，关系代词在从句中做定语。“树的上面是山，它的倒影忠实地映照在河面上。” Only take such clothes _______ really necessary.(1994)A.as were
B.as they are
C.as they were D.as are D，as引导定语从句，先行词是clothes，as在从句中作主语，所以BC不对，因为they是多余的；A的时态与主句不搭配。
______ is often the case with a new idea, much preliminary activity and optimistic discussion produced no concrete proposals.(1994)A.That
B.It
C.This
D.As D，as作关系代词，引导非限定性定语从句，表达整个主句的意思。“正如一种新的观念产生时一样，人们总是做许多准备活动和积极的讨论，却拿不出具体的建议。”
This company has now introduced a policy _____ pay rises are related to performance at work.(1996)A.which
B.where
C.whether D.what B，“公司现在提出了一项新政策，依照新政策，工资增长与工作业绩挂钩。”
The Physicist has made a discovery, _______ of great importance to the progress of science and technology.(1997)A.I think which is B.that I think is C.which I think is D.which I think it is C，I think是插入语，which在从句中就是主语，D中it是多余的。I have never been to London, but that is the city ______.(1997)A.where I like to visit most
B.I’d most like to visit C.which I like to visit mostly
D.where I’d like most to visit B, 首先排除A，因为the city在从句中作宾语，不能用where引导；C中mostly表示“通常，大部分”，意思不通顺；表示“最想”，用most like,不是like most, most是much的最高级，much一般不修饰不定式，多用于修饰分词。He was much pleased.She remembered several occasions in the past ___ she had experienced a similar feeling.(98)A.which
B.before
C.that
D.when D，从句有自己的主语和宾语，因此不选AC，when引导定语从句在句中作时间状语。B项不合语法，因为主句的时态是一般过去时，从句却是过去完成时。I’ve never been to Lhasa, but that’s the city ______.(1999)A.I’d most like to visit
B.which I like to visit mostly C.where I like to visit
D.I’d like much to visit A，同27。
Firms that use computers have found that the number of staff ______ is needed for quality control can be substantially reduced.(2000)A.whose
B.as
C.what
D.that D，that在从句中作主语。使用电脑操作的工厂已经发现可以大大减少质检员工的数量。We’ve just installed two air-conditioners in our apartment, ______ should make great differences in our life next summer.(2002)A.which
B.what
C.that
D.they A，指代前面的整个句子。
They overcame all the difficulties and completed the project two months ahead of time, ______ is something we had not expected.(2003)A.which
B.it
C.that
D.what A，同上。“他们克服一切困难，提前两个月完成了工程，这是我们没有料到的事。” 名 词 性 从 句
We can assign the task to ______ is capable and trustworthy.(1994)A.whomever
B.who
C.whom
D.whoever D，介词to后面是个宾语从句，从句缺主语；whom和whomever虽然可以接宾语从句，但它们不能在从句中作主语，AC不对；whoever语义比who强烈，更贴切。The team can handle whatever _____.(1997)A.that needs handling
B.which needs handling C.it needs handling
D.needs to be handled D，whatever引导的分句作handle的宾语，又在从句中作主语，因此不需要再加任何其他主语，ABC都有多余的主语成分。
After __ seemed an endless wait, it was her turn to enter the personnel manager’s office.(99)A.that
B.there
C.what
D.it C，after在句中时介词还是连词？如果是连词，从句中的时态通常为完成体，所以排除连词的可能性。既然after是介词，那么后面必定是宾语从句，后面的从句缺主语，只有what既引导宾语从句，又在宾语从句中作主语；BD都不能引导宾语从句。A虽然可以引导宾语从句，但不在从句中充当任何语法成分。
Have you ever been in a situation _____ you know the other person is right yet you cannot agree with him?
(2002)A.by which
B.that
C.in where D.where B，situation后的从句是对situation作出具体的解释，因此是同位语从句。非 限 定 动 词（不定式、动名词、分词）____ is not a serious disadvantage in life.(2001)A.To be not tall B.Not to be tall C.Being not tall D.Not being tall D．AC不对是因为动词不定式和动名词的否定结构形式应为not to do, not doing；B动词不定式短语作主语通常表示特定的具体的行为，特别是表示将来的或一次性的行为，To skate on real ice is his dream.D动名词作主语表示抽象一般的概念。Skating on real ice is great fun.This may have preserved the elephant from being wiped out as well as other animals _____ in Africa.(1996)A.hunted
B.hunting
C.that hunted D.are hunted A，完整结构应为：the elephant from being wiped out as well as other animals(from being)hunted in Africa;“此举也许既能保护非洲的其他动物不被猎杀，又能使大象免受灭族之灾” The Clarks haven’t decided yet which hotel ______.(1998)A.to stay
B.is to stay C.to stay at D.is for staying C，stay是不及物动词，必须接介词才能跟宾语。
In international matches, prestige is so important that the only thing that matters is to avoid _____.(1996)A.from being beaten B.being beaten C.beating D.to be beaten B，avoid后接动名词做宾语。被动，因此B。“避免被对手打败” He resented _____ to wait.He expected the minister _____ him at once.(1995)A.to be asked, to see B.being asked, to see C.to be asked, seeing D.being asked, seeing B，resent后接动名词，expect后接不定式。
I never regretted _____ the offer, for it was not where my interest lay.A.not to accept
B.not having accepted C.having not accepted
D.not accepting
(1993)D, regret doing sth.表示“后悔做过某事”，事情已经发生了，常用动名词的一般形式表示动作已经发生了。
He noticed the helicopter hovering over the field.Then to his astonishment, he saw a rope ladder _____ out and three men climbing down it.(1995)A.throwing
B.being thrown C.having thrown D.having been thrown B，see可与现在分词或不定式连用，平行结构，后面用了现在分词，这里也用分词；绳梯是被扔出飞机，因此要用被动结构，排除AC；see, watch, hear, feel, notice, observe,等词一般不跟分词的完成形式连用。
Professor Johnson is said ____ some significant advance in his research in the past year.(99)A.having made
B.making C.to have made D.to make C，主语补足语的动作在谓语动词之前发生，用完成时。
AIDS is said _____ the number-one killer of both men and women over the past few years in that region.(2002)A.being
B.to be
C.to have been D.having been C, 同上。
The Minister of Finance is believed _____ of imposing new taxes to raise extra revenue.(04)A.that he is thinking B.to be thinking C.that he is to think D.to think B，“人们认为财政部长正在考虑通过征收新税来增加政府的额外税入。”B“正在考虑” The three men tried many times to sneak across the border into the neighboring country, _____ by the police each time.(1999)A.had been captured
B.being always captured C.only to be captured
D.unfortunately captured C，“这三人多次企图偷偷越过边界进入邻国，不料每次都被警察抓住。”only to表示出乎意料，通常是不愉快的结果。
This missile is designed so that once ______ nothing can be done to retrieve it,(1995)A.fired
B.being fired C.they fire
D.having fired A，once连词，一旦，被动，所以A。This missile is designed so that once it is fired „ ______ , he can now only watch it on TV at home.(1998)A.Obtaining not a ticket for the match
B.Not obtaining a ticket for the match C.Not having obtained a ticket for the match D.Not obtained a ticket for the match C，分词短语的动作在主句动作之前发生，用分词的完成形式。Arriving at the bus stop, ______ waiting there.(1994)A.a lot of people were
B.he found a lot of people C.a lot of people
D.people were found B，空处的逻辑主语与arrive保持一致。_____ regular training in nursing, she could hardly cope with the work at first.(1994)A.Not received B.Since receiving
C.Having received D.Not having received D，receive的主语是she，因此应是主动，A不对；receive的动作在主句谓语动词之前发生，所以要用分词的完成形式，否定应是not having done.__B__ at in this way, the present economic situation doesn’t seem so gloomy.(2000)A.Looking
B.Looked
C.Having looked D.To look There __ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier.(2000)A.to be
B.to have been C.being
D.be C．前面分句构成独立主格结构。
_____ no cause for alarm, the old man went back to his room.(1996)A.There was B.Since
C.Being
D.There being D．C中的现在分词短语的逻辑主语不是主句的主语。
The country’s chief exports are coal, cars and cotton goods, cars _____ the most important of these.(1994)A.have been B.are
C.being
D.are being C．ABD都会使后半部分构成完整的句子，但句中用的是逗号，不能是完整句子。
Agriculture is the country’s chief source of wealth, wheat _____ by far the biggest cereal crop.(2003)A.is
B.been
C.be
D.being D，同上。“农业是这个国家的主要财源，目前小麦是谷物中产量最大的。”
If not _____ with the respect he feels due to him, Jack gets very ill-tempered and grumbles all the time.(2004)A.being treated B.treated C.be treated D.having been treated B，If(Jack is)not treated„“如果没有受到他觉得应得的尊敬，杰克的脾气就会变得很坏，并且不停地抱怨。”
Time _____, the celebration will be held as scheduled.(2003)A.permit
B.permitting
C.permitted
D.permits B，“时间允许的话，庆祝活动将按计划进行”。time和permit是主动关系。虚 拟 语 气
_____ for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam.(2002)A.Had it not been B.Hadn’t it been C.Was it not
D.Were it not A，前半句是与过去事实相反的推测。If it had not been „倒装
If you have really been studying English for so long, it’s about time you _____ able to write letters in English.(1999)A.should be
B.were
C.must be
D.are B，it’s about time that sb.did sth._____, I’ll marry him all the same.(2004)A.Was he rich or poor
B.Whether rich or poor C.were he rich or poor
D.Be he rich or poor D＝whether he is rich or poor If your car _____ any attention during the first 12 months, take it to an authorized dealer.(98)A.shall need
B.should need
C.would need D.will need B，与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，“如果你的车在一年内有任何问题，可送到获得授权的经销商那儿去” It is imperative that students _____ their term papers on time.(2004)A.hand in
B.would hand in C.have to hand in D.handed in A，学生必须按时上交他们的学期论文。
If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he ________ able to advise you much better than I can.(2005)A.would be
B.will have been
C.was
D.were A，if从句是对现在情况的假设。情 态 动 词
You ______ Jim anything about it.It was none of his business.(2004)A.needn’t have told B.needn’t tell C.mustn’t have told D.mustn’t tell A，needn’t have done表示本不必做而做了。没有mustn’t have done的形式，但可以说can’t have done，表示不大可能。
He ______ the 8:20 bus because he didn’t leave home till 8:25.(1994)A.couldn’t have caught
B.ought to have caught C.shouldn’t have caught
D.must not have caught A，couldn’t have done表示不可能做了某事。
He _____ unwisely, but he was at least trying to do something helpful.(1999)A.may have acted B.must have acted C.should act D.would act A，may have done表示过去可能做过某事，B表示一定做过，推测的可能性很大。时 态
How can I ever concentrate if you _____ continually ____ me with silly questions?
(97)A.have … interrupted
B.had … interrupted
C.are … interrupting
D.were … interrupting
C，现在进行时与always, continually, constantly连用表示某种带有感情色彩，经常发生的动作。本句暗含责备之义。
Come and see me whenever ______.(97)A.you are convenient
B.you will be convenient C.it is convenient to you
D.it will be convenient to you C，whenvever引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时表将来；convenient一词只能说it is convenient to sb.For some time now, world leaders __ out the necessity for agreement on arms reduction.(02)A.had been pointing B.have been pointing C.were pointing D.pointed B，现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始延续到现在，并可能继续。
Jack _____from home for two days now, and I am beginning to worry about his safety.(03)A.has been missing B.has been missed C.had been missing D.was missed A，同上。“杰克离家两天（到现在还没回），我开始担心他的安全。” _________ conscious of my moral obligations as a citizen.(05)A.I was and always will be
B.I have to be and always will be C.I had been and always will be
D.I have been and always will be D，ABC三项前后两个时态不一致，只有D项中现在完成时与将来时搭配一致。倒 装
So badly _____ in the car accident that he had to stay in hospital for a few months.(94)A.did he injure B.injured him C.was he injured D.he was injured C，倒装，将助动词提到主语前，被动。He is not under arrest, ______ any restriction on him.(95)A.or the police have placed
B.or have the police placed C.nor the police have placed D.nor have the police placed D，AB中的or表示“否则”，与题意不符；nor放在句首要倒装。
___ both sides accept the agreement ___ a lasting peace be established in this region.(04)A.Only if, will B.If only, would C.Should, will D.Unless, would A，only if表示“只有。。才”，放在句首，句子要倒装；“只有双方都接受和约，永久的和平才有可能建立起来”。if only表示“要是。。多好” 反 意 疑 问 句
A hibernating animal needs hardly any food all through the winter, _____?
(92)A.need it
B.needn’t it
C.does it
D.doesn’t it C，need是实义动词不是情态动词，hardly是否定副词，因此前面的分句是否定句。You and I could hardly understand, ______?
(95)A.could I
B.couldn’t you
C.couldn’t we
D.could we D，hardly的解释同上。
When you have finished with that video tape, don’t forget to put it in my drawer, ___?(97)A.do you
B.will you C.don’t you
D.won’t you B，前面句子是第二人称祈使句时，后面要用will(would)you或won’t you;本题中，前面的句子是否定句，因此后面用肯定的。Do help yourself to some fruit, _____ you?
(00)A.can’t
B.don’t
C.wouldn’t
D.won’t D，同上。
She would have been more agreeable if she had changed a little bit, _____?
(03)A.hadn’t she
B.hasn’t she
C.wouldn’t she
D.didn’t she
点击咨询 