“金砖五国”百所大学排行榜清华北大入榜

第一篇：“金砖五国”百所大学排行榜清华北大入榜

“金砖五国”百所大学排行榜清华北大入榜英国QS公司日前公布了“金砖五国”(BRICS—巴西、俄罗斯、印度、中国大陆和南非)的最佳大学排行榜，从上述5国的共400多所高等教育机构中评选出前100名。其中清华大学和北京大学位列一、二，第三名是俄罗斯的罗蒙诺索夫莫斯科州立大学。

在这份“2013-2014‘金砖五国’百所大学排行榜”上，前10名依次为清华大学、北京大学、罗蒙诺索夫莫斯科州立大学、复旦大学、南京大学、中国科技大学、上海交通大学、巴西圣保罗大学、浙江大学和巴西金边大学。中国共有40所大学上榜。

英国QS(全称Quacquarelli Symonds)公司成立于1990年，以其创始人的名字命名，是一家为教育及升学就业以及高教人才流动提供服务的组织，在世界多地设有办事处。“QS世界大学排名”与“泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名”和“世界大学学术排名”被公认为世界三大最具影响力的全球性大学排名。

第二篇：金砖五国纪录片观后感

《金砖之国》纪录片观后感

2009年6月16日，位于欧亚大陆分界处的俄罗斯名城叶卡捷琳堡见证了一个重要的历史事件——“金砖四国”领导人首次会晤在这里举行。在典雅富丽的谢瓦斯季亚诺夫宫，“金砖四国”领导人就国际金融危机之下的国际形势、二十国集团领导人会议、国际金融机构改革、“金砖国家”对话合作未来发展方向等问题交换了意见，发表了《“金砖国家”领导人叶卡捷琳堡会晤联合声明》和关于粮食问题的声明,阐述四国在国际金融危机、能源安全、粮食安全、气候变化等问题上达成的共识,增强了新兴市场国家和发展中国家在国际事务中的影响和作用。

《金砖之国》纪录片将采用高清格式、纪实拍摄手法，在中国乃至世界首次以电视纪录片形态全面、系统、深入地介绍以金砖国家为代表的新兴国家发展之路，展望新兴国家带给世界政治经济格局的巨变。这将是一部连接历史与未来、兼具国际视野和中国思考的篇巨著。上世纪80年代起，经济全球化与产业结构调整的浪潮极大地改变了世界经济发展格局，一批新兴经济体开始崛起。“金砖国家”更因其较大的经济规模和突出的发展成就，相继引起世界的瞩目。金融风暴之后，以“金砖国家”为代表的新兴市场国家的果断应对和措施的卓有成效，已经成为带动全球经济走向复苏不可或缺的动力。2010年，金砖国家对全球经济增长的贡献率达50%以上，“金砖国家”正在全球经济大潮中的一支新生力、新动力。中国、俄罗斯、印度、巴西、南非5个“金砖国家”国土面积占世界领土面积的26.8%，人口占世界总人口的42.88%。国际货币基金组织预测，2014年“金砖国家”在世界经济增量中的比例将达到61%。此外，金砖国家在国际金融体系改革、气候变化等事关全球治理的重大问题上正发挥越来越重要的作用，推动着国际秩序朝更加均衡的方向发展。《金砖之国》大型纪录片将从“金砖”概念的提出、“金砖”机制的形成为切入点，系统阐述金砖国家在全球化的背景下把握机遇、经济腾飞的过程，揭示以“金砖国家”为代表的新兴市场国家力量步入上升期的客观现实。《金砖之国》纪录片将立足现在，突出“前瞻性”，探讨以“金砖国家”为代表的新兴市场力量的崛起带动世界经济格局之变。

前天晚看了《金砖之国》的印度篇，整体上感觉它像一精美的艺术品。好久没有看到这么好的记录片了，它深刻的展示了印度的历史政治人文宗教，让许多故事浓缩在一小时中。解说员低沉柔和的声音似钟声掠过古老的大地，音乐插曲的节奏板点从容悠扬，舒展着人间的悲喜之情，镜头有时拉到500米的高度，观众乘着歌声的翅膀立天地之间。

对尼赫鲁、甘地等人的配图解说，让我对人物接近了解---此前的印度对我来说好像是一个

蒙着面纱的人。“不可思议”是该篇1的题目，自然让观众发现了该国的不可思议之处——节约和信仰自由好像是人的灵魂的基本要求。

河流污染现在在整个亚洲比较明显，印度也不例外，我们看到他们的圣水恒河上泛起的黄色污染带---无论是好是坏，节目就像父亲给孩子讲的故事那样真实和悠远。就国土面积而言，印度的人口实在是太密集了（12亿），而且好像集中在沿河地带；想象中，如果到印度旅游，会否产生水泄不通和拥挤的感觉。印度人以素食为主——这样我觉得蛮好的，这样翔实的介绍让人对该国产生了亲切感。虽然记忆中60年代印度在中国边境搞冲突袭扰----但千百年的沧桑时光里中印关系总体是平和的,这也许是由于喜马拉雅山的阻隔，或因历史上印度自身一直没有完全地统一过（这点影片有提示）。

种姓制度是愚昧落后的，在外国留学过的部分印度人意识到了这点，而现代化又使种姓制度有所淡化——听到这种介绍让人感觉到社会还是会进步的。电视介绍了印度人心目中低种姓的英雄----那个名字比较难记，不过给人印象深刻。无论是种姓制度，还是家族世袭，亚洲各国大多保留着一些封建的东西。

昨晚的又一集从另一个侧面介绍了印度，就是新的国策和经济建设，印度全球化的魄力和发展程度，超过了一般人的想象。它国际化强的企业主要是IT业。而中国的制造业更强，比如机械、纺织、矿山、汽车家电等，也许中国人觉得制造业更有分量吧。

我个人感觉这两集的观看是非常有价值的，不仅帮助我了解了印度的现状，还帮助我理解了很多国家关系产生的原因。我计划在接下来看完全部的十集，然后让自己懂得更多一点。

第三篇：金砖五国的医疗保险现状

金砖五国医疗保险现状及发展情况

摘要：金砖五国作为全球的新兴经济体，它们的崛起在全世界范围内已经不能再被忽视了。他们发展在某种程度的相似性和他们共同的利益诉求决定了他们结合的必然趋势。而此文仅就金砖五国的医疗保险业的现状和发展分别作出描述和分析，虽然这只是金砖五国各自重要现状的冰山一角，但是这也有易于我们对这五个国家的更好理解。

金砖五国，英文简称BRICS，代表着巴西，俄罗斯，印度，中国，南非这五个发展迅速的发展中国家，近期又由于三亚峰会的成功召开，金砖五国又一次投入大众的视野，无论金融业，实体产业，外贸产业，大家都希望从中间互利共赢，吸取各自的长处，是自己的产业链得到提高。但是我今天只说说这五个国家各自保险业的发展情况，主要是各自的成就和问题。

一、中国

新中国成立以后，我国逐步建立起与公有制相对应的城镇公费医 疗、劳保医疗和农村合作医疗组成的医疗保障制度。由于传统的医疗保障制度无法适应社会主义市场经济体制的要求，进入20世纪80年代后，开始逐步对其进行改革，并建立起以城镇职工基本医疗保险和新型农村合作医疗为主，大病保险、职工互助保险和商业保险等为补充的医疗保险体系。然而，由于我国城乡二元结构的存在，城乡、区域经济发展的不平衡，社会处于转型期，医疗保险制度改革虽然取得了可喜的成绩，但更深层次的矛盾和问题也同时显现，其进一步改革已成为社会关注的热点，也是医疗卫生体制改革的重点之一。

我国医疗保险面临的挑战与问题在城市建立的社会医疗保险制度不断得到完善，在农村的医疗保障制度的建立中，也凸显了政府的责任。但是，纵观中国医疗保险制度的改革过程，仍可以发现以下几方面的问题：(一)保障力度不够

首先，目前我国医疗保险的保障水平较低，享受待遇的条件较多且相对苛刻，尚不存在应对重大灾难性医疗费用的止损机制，从而部分丧失了其保障功能。“看病贵、看病难”的困境仍然是困扰我国广大人民就医的关键因素。在目前的城镇职工基本医疗保险制度下，“因病致贫”、“因病返贫”仍是一个十分严重的社会问题。其次，我国医疗保险的保障目标定位为保大病，城镇职工基本医疗保险制度和新型农村合作医疗制度设计均着眼于解决保障对象在住院及大病时的基本保障问题，然而在现实生活中，真正影响居民整体健康水平和基本卫生服务可及性的多是那些常见病和多发病。国内外研究及实践已经证明，以“保大病为主”的模式，对改善基本卫生服务可及性作用非常有限。同时，保大病模式也必然限制了医疗保障的受益面，获得收益的时间延长而几率却降低，尤其是在社会保险知识普及率较低的农村地区，这种模式大大影响了农民“参合”的积极性。另外，在这种制度模式下，由于贫困人口和低收入人群缺乏支付保险费用的能力，政府对参保者的财政补贴通常变成了一种典型的“逆向”转移支付，违背了社会保障制度应当对贫困者进行转移支付，以缓解社会不平等的基本原则„。最后，我国目前医疗卫生资源在城乡之间、城域之间分布极为不平衡。优质的医疗资源大多分布在东部且经济文化发展水平较高的东部城市及沿海地区，而在经济相对落后的西部、中部城市，以及广大农村地区优质医疗资源就相对稀缺，从而给这些地区居民的看病就医带来一定的不便，同时，由于新农合筹资水平不高，加之宣传力度不够，参合率相对较低，保障水平非常低。(二)费用控制不利 首先，目前的医疗保险制度安排中，代表患者利益的第三方购买者即医保机构谈判能力不强，对医疗服务提供者难以形成有效的约束；医疗服务提供者的支付机制存在缺陷，难以控制医疗费用的攀升。

此外，医疗保障体制改革与医疗服务体制、药晶流通体制等改革不配套，造成不正常的医疗费用攀升，这也进一步弱化了制度的保障功能。

其次，医疗费用过高，基金支付能力有限。大型医疗机构占有大量的医疗资源和医疗设备，因此居民在患病时通常会选择较大的医疗机构。但是由于医疗机构尤其是大型医疗机构的诊疗费用通常很高，进院动辄几百几千元，这样将使得农村合作医疗基金无力承担或者需要提高保费，而提高保费又将使得收入较低的居民无力缴纳，从而降低了农村合作医疗的保障水平。最后，缴费人群减少，覆盖面降低，导致“逆向选择”。因为合作医疗主要是通过健康保险原理，运用较少的资金来对发病率较低但治疗费用较高的疾病进行保险。因此，投保人在交费后当年可能不会享受到合作医疗的实惠，而且社会保险在农村宣传力度不够，普通农民都只会关心眼前的切身利益，以至于在以后的年数中投保的农民会越来越少，这样在完全自愿投保的原则下都是高危人群用户建立合作医疗，而健康人群却不愿参加，最终的结果是参加保险的人全是“老、弱、病、残”，其直接后果是保险基金很快耗尽，合作医疗制度崩溃，失去保障功能‘2I。(三)制度管理、运行效率不高 首先，医疗保险统筹层次低，城镇职工基本医疗保险原则上以地级以上行政区为统筹单位，也可以县(市)为统筹单位，北京、天津、上海3个直辖市原则上在全市范吲内实行统筹。新型农村合作医疗则主要在县级统筹。过低的统筹层次难以发挥规模效应，弱化了风险分担的效果，从而增加了管理成本。其次，医疗保险基金的管理更多地重视基金的财务绩效，不合理地强调基金的结余及偿付能力，忽视了医疗保险本身的宗旨——提供基本医疗保障，促进居民健康。从政府管理方面看，城镇职工基本医疗保险的管理模式都是由政府负责，社会机构几乎没有机会参与政策制定和系统管理。但是，由于计划是在各个地区执行，政府制定的权利和运营的责任就由中央和地方政府分别承担。地方政府则按照中央的指导原则，根据本地具体情况制定计划实

施细则。这样，在各个地区必定会形成政策差异，如个人保障范围、福利条款、缴纳比例等。因此，最终实现全国统一的医疗保险体系将会遇到很大困难。最后，由于我国城乡、地区间经济文化水平发展不平衡，医疗保险基金在地域上过于分散，导致经济发展水平较差的地区，由于人民生活水平较低，医疗保险基金的筹资能力也较差，从而加剧了我国城乡以及不同地区间医疗服务可获得性以及享受待遇的 不平等。

(四)保险制度不公平

主要表现为不同制度之问的保障水平差别很大；缴费不公平，经济状况相似，缴费却不同。另外，保障主体与客体之间的信息不对称性也是导致保障制度不公平的关键原因所在。此外，对于弱势贫困群体，他们经济收入非常微薄，大多是享受城镇居民最低生活保障制度的贫困人员，而且以老年人和残疾人居多。由于自身身体因素或学历、能力等种种原因，他们参与社会事务、获得社会信息的能力相对比较有限，获取的经济收入或靠最低生活保障制度得到的救助金紧紧能够勉强吃饱饭，患病对他们来说可以说是灾难性事件。虽然他们的患病率比常人高，对医疗服务的需求最急迫、也最渴望，但由于没有经济能力加入医疗保险，无法享受到最基本的医疗保障。

二、俄罗斯

俄罗斯的医疗体制主要分为一下两部分：

（1）现金补助，也就是俄罗斯联邦社会保险基金机构和地区社会保险基金机构负责疾病和生育现金补助基金筹措；地区社会保险部门负责失业者和其他不工作公民生育补助管理；企业和雇主向雇员支付疾病和生育补助。

（2）医疗保健，也就是联邦卫生部和地区卫生部门，实施国家卫生保健政策和开发卫生保健项目；医疗服务通过诊所、医院、接生站和其他医疗设施提供，包括私营机构。

它的覆盖范围现金补助为受雇的公民（包括国营和集体农庄的庄员，自我雇用者和个体农民）和不工作的公民（包括学生和失业者）；医疗保健为所有居民。

它的基金来源分为一下三部分：

受保人：现金补助和强制医疗保险不缴纳保险费，可向自愿补充医疗保险缴费，根据计划费率各不相同。

雇主：现金补助方面，向社会保险基金缴纳工资总额的5.4%；医疗保健方面，向强制医疗保险缴纳工资总额的3.6%。自愿补充医疗保险费率根据计划的补贴而各不相同。

政府：中央政府负责不工作公民的现金补助；中央和地方政府负责不工作公民强制医疗保险的费用，包括儿童、学生、年金领取者和失业人员。

它们享受待遇条件对现金和医疗补助没有最低合格期限；疾病和生育待遇分别为；疾病待遇：如果不间断工作不足5年为收入的60%；连续工作5~8年为收入的 80%；8年以上（或有3个以上的受供养子女）为收入的100%。最低标准是最低工资的90%（1995年1月1日最低工资为20 500卢布）。生育补助：为收入的100%，产前和产后各支付10周。每月还付给请假照看18个月以下子女的雇员相当于100%最低工资的补助。对员工的医疗待遇主要有强制医疗保险，由公共和私营卫生保健部门直接向患者提供医疗服务。包括普通治疗、预防、急诊、住院、化验、牙科治疗、生育保健、接种疫苗和交通。住院治疗、残疾人和3岁以下儿童药品免费。自愿医疗保险主要包括专科诊治、使用贵重药品和器械等。对受供养人的医疗补助同户主。

三、巴西

首先，它们面临的问题有：

1、全民医疗保障制度面临的资金压力很大。巴西的全民医疗保障制度始建于上个世纪五十年代。六七十年代，巴西经济平均增长率达10.1％，曾被誉为“巴西奇迹”，全民医疗保障制度运行良好。80年代中期，巴西经济陷入严重衰退，国内生产总值下降，全民免费医疗制度面临严重的挑战，资金不足，医务人员工作不安心等问题表现突出。自90年代初开始，巴西政府采取了一系列措施，经济状况有一定好转。但全民医疗保障问题没有从根本上得到解决，资金的压力仍然比较大。

2、公立医疗机构低效率、低质量。巴西、阿根廷的公立医疗机构医护人员劳动纪律松散、普遍存在旷工率高、应诊时间不足、工作时间短等问题。劳动纪律的涣散，造成服务质量低，促使一些患者转到私人医疗部门就医。公立医疗机构承担着免费医疗服务的主要任务，但这一服务系统不能满足免费医疗的需求。在巴西、阿根廷的公立医疗机构普遍存在门诊看病、取药排长队，住院需要排号等候的现象。

3、大量公立医疗机构的医护人员流向私人医疗系统。工资收入较低是公立医疗机构医护人员（主要是医生）外流的主要原因。他们的工资收入通常是由学历和资历决定的，而工作表现对收入的影响很小，甚至没有影响。为了增加收入，许多医护人员除在公立医疗机构工作以外，还通过私人性质的营业来获得额外收入，或离开公立医院转向私立医院。公立医疗机构医护人员向私人部门的流动加剧了公立医疗医疗机构服务的萎缩。 其次，他们国家采取的改革举措有：

1、改革公共卫生管理体制，提高公立医疗机构经营灵活性。巴西原先全国公共卫生统统由联邦政府直接管理，后来联邦政府将权下放给州政府。1992年，联邦政府卫生部决定，管理权限进一步下放，将过去由州卫生厅统办统管的医疗机构下放绐所在地市政府管理。分散化了的医疗机构仍是医疗服务的核心组成部分。医疗机构的分散化，给予医疗承办者以更大的独立性，使承办者在高层次管理上享有完全的自主权，在财政预算、合同、支出等领域的管理上拥有较大的灵活性。

2、积极发展私立医疗机构，并让其承担免费医疗任务。为了缓解供不应求的矛盾，政府采取让私立医疗机构和社会慈善组织办的医疗机构参与全民医疗保障系统，承担一定数量的免费医疗任务。政府对私立医疗机构承担的免费医疗给予一定数额的补助，并给予一定的免税政策，如免除营业所得税、医疗设备进口税等。二是支持社会慈善组织或教会举办的医疗机构，帮助其维修房屋、装备设备，使其有能力承担免费医疗服务。

3、发展私人医疗保险机构，鼓励有条件的人购买私人医疗保险。巴西、阿根廷均对私人医疗保险机构进行扶持，两国均规定雇主和雇员购买私人医疗保险的费用可从税前列支，鼓励发展私人医疗保险作为对现有医疗保险制度的补充，满足国民的多层次医疗需求。

四、南非

南非卫生部部长曼托曾透露，在南非，75%到80%的普通黑人，很少或者根本得不到公立医疗服务。相反，那些购买了医疗保险、生活富裕的白人，他们可以享受非常好的私立医院治疗。在两极分化越来越明显的情况下，越来越多的普通黑人乃至白人，选择了物美价廉的中医治疗。而南非，也是除中国外唯一一个承认中医合法地位的国家。

南非社会的主要问题是看病，它们的贫富两极分化特别严重。和英美等发达国家一样，南非医院同样有着公立和私立之分———公立医院治疗费不高，但病人较多，等候时间长。私立医院条件好，服务好，但收费较高。总体来说，如果你有钱而且买了医疗保险，那么“大病小病不用愁”。如果你没钱又买不起医疗保险，那么看病会成为你物质和精神上的双重噩梦。

据介绍，南非的医疗体系大致分为两个平行的系统：公立医疗，是针对穷人和不愿意购买医疗保险的有钱人所建立，有国家拨款，面对80%的普通民众。私立医疗，则是针对购买了医疗保险的高收入者建立，面对20%的富裕阶层。由于收入和社会地位的不同，白人一般享受服务更好、收收费更贵的私立医院，而黑人只能选择收费较低、但服务“不靠谱”的公立医院。

进入公立医疗系统，签个个人收入的声明书，一次性缴纳300兰特左右费用就“OK”了。不过公立医院的服务却让人不敢恭维，特别是大城市的大医院，环境差，治疗速度慢，一个大手术拖个一年是很正常的事。在约翰内斯堡，记者听说了一个传闻——— 在公立医院，一位病人直到去世之后，才轮到了做手术的机会„„不过，由于福利性质浓厚，穷人更多选择公立医院。当然，对于公立医院服务态度差、效率低下、甚至停电时打着手电做手术等糟糕软硬件环境，就只能默默承受了。与之形成鲜明对比的，是私立医疗系统无微不至的服务。在约堡富人云集的桑顿区，记者亲眼看到了这样一家私立医院：大厅里小桥流水，地上铺着地毯，墙上挂着油画。每间病房配单独的卫生间和浴室，电视机，冰箱等也一应俱全，漂亮的护士小姐更是温柔体贴。当然，要享受这般上帝式的服务，代价是昂贵的。

山东老乡小左到南非已经五六年了。她告诉记者，“在南非看私人医院花费非常昂贵。就拿去年我生孩子来说，一个简单的剖腹产手术就花了3万多兰特，要是没有医疗保险，这可是不小的开销。”小左告诉记者，她早就办了医疗保险，每个月需交近3000兰特，这个数目已经快赶上约堡普通人收入的一半了。每年积累下来，更是一个不小的数目了。“但是交了医疗保险之后，我再去医院看病就省心了，不论生了需要花多少钱的大病，医疗保险都会全额报销。”

总之，一句话，如果想在南非常住，经济又过得去，一定要办医疗保险。南非的医疗保险是非常重要的。

五、印度

十亿人口的印度是仅次于中国的世界人口大国和发展中国家。其医疗水平却比许多人认为的要高得多。在2000年6月世界卫生组织对全球191个成员国卫生效绩的排名中，一向被认为“分配极不公平”的印度排名第43位，名列发展中国家前茅。

早在20世纪80年代初期，印度政府就制定了在全国农村逐步建立三级医疗保健网的宏伟目标。这一网络包括保健站、初级保健中心和社区保健中心三部分，免费向广大穷人提供医疗服务。在各大城市，印度政府开设的公立医院也是穷人看病的首选，医院对就诊的穷人免收挂号费。印度的医疗保险制度十分注意覆盖弱势群体。印度建立了诸如全民免费免疫计划和公立医院免费治疗项目等公共卫生制度，以保障弱势群体、特别是广大农民能够享受基本的医疗保障。更值得注意的是，印度政府对金融保险市场一直持有强硬的干预手段，规范银行和保险公司的行为，促使其采取足够的措施照顾弱势群体。

印度的医疗保障制度，核心思想就是运用经济和行政等各种杠杆，制订一系列行之有效的公共政策，既要使富人享受室外绿草如茵、屋内环境优雅、各种先进医疗设备一应俱全的星级医疗服务，同时也要使普通百姓能够享受基本的医疗保障。

印度主要有以下三种医疗保险和救助形式：

农产品加工企业组织合同农户向保险公司集体投保。如，科拉拉邦某区牛奶生产者合作社协会与东印度保险公司签约，协助奶牛养殖户投保住院医疗保险。每户每年保费为100多卢比（约合2美元多），保险限额为15000卢比（约合300多美元）。目前参加这项计划的农户约占该企业合同农户的2/3。非政府组织为成员设计保险项目集体向保险公司投保。如，古吉拉特邦非正规产业妇女联合会与印度联合保险公司签约，提供三个档次的住院保险产品：个人缴纳保费分别为 85、200和 400卢比，对应的保险限额分别为2000、5500和一万卢比。不过，该项目不覆盖乙型肝炎和肺结核之类的慢性传染病。目前，该联合会有十万多人参保，约占该组织成员总数的1/3。

非正规经济产业工会的健康福利项目。这些工会各自设有福利基金，每年按照雇员工资的固定百分比从每个会员及其雇主那里收费。根据各工会的福利章程，会员在满足规定的基金缴纳年限或缴纳金额后，有权利享受医疗、养老、伤残、生育、丧葬、嫁娶、房屋和失业补助，或是其中的单项福利。科拉拉邦的非正规产业工会中，约有半数工会提供大病医疗补助，例如棕榈酒业工会设有金额为3000卢比的癌症医疗补助金。

兴办这些保险项目不仅有利于成员的健康安全和收入安全，而且有助于加强社区和社团的凝聚力。这些保险项目主要针对的是发病率较低但医疗费用较高的大病风险。采取社区和社团集体投保的方式也克服了与正规保险项目相联系的成本障碍。以往保险公司不接纳非正规部门个人客户的一个重要原因．是他们获得收入的时间和金额都不确定，加之投保数额较小，导致公司相对交易成本太高。而社区和社团集体投保一方面降低了保险公司的交易成本使得非正规就业者获得正规保险服务，另一方面由于和保险公司挂钩从而强化了单个社区和社团的风险分散能力。

印度能推行行之有效的社会医疗保障制度，最根本的基础是其日益发展的制药业及其低廉的价格。作为文明古国，印度的草药很发达。近年来，印度政府积极提倡使用印药，并在广大农村建立了草药中心，鼓励能用草药就不用西药，从而大大降低了穷人的治疗费用。此外，由于国产西药质量普遍很好，绝大部分印度人都选用国产药，对于感冒发烧这样的小病，穷人只要拿处方去药店，花上二三十卢比买药服下，就能解决问题。类似“扶他林”之类的药，价格也只有中国的1/3。

印度医药企业的国际化程度较高。印度医药企业中排名第三的西普拉公司上世纪80年代末90年代初就获得了美国食品及药物管理局对其生产设施颁发的许可证，生产的药品已经可以销售到世界上100多个国家。印度的经验证明，采取市场经济体制的发展中国家完全能够根据本国社会政治经济文化的特点，建立独特的公共卫生制度和医疗保障制度，并利用医疗救济手段援助贫困人口，以满足国民最基本的健康需求。

综上，这就是金砖五国的现状了，他们各有利弊各有自己面临的难题，但也有许多相近的地方，比如由于人口过多，医疗体制不健全导致的看病难和看病贵的问题，所以每个国家的医疗保险的发展程度也不太一样，就比如印度相比与其他几个国家就显的成熟许多。所以，我们在了解自己有了解伙伴的时候，可以正好互补，大力发展，改革，完善我们国家的医保体制。参考文献： 1，2005年第5期《世界知识》傅小强

2，《中国医疗保险的现状与发展趋势分析》王文娟，陈岱云(济南大学法学院，山东济南250022)3，《巴西、阿根廷医疗保障制度的现状与启示》

4，《南非医疗现状：立法承认中医 贫富两极分化严重》（济南时报）5，《印度医保体制》（学习时报）6，《俄罗斯医疗保险现状》

第四篇：2017厦门金砖五国联合宣言中英文对照版

金砖国家领导人厦门宣言

BRICS Leaders Xiamen Declaration

中国厦门，2017年9月4日

Xiamen, China, 4 September 2017

一、序言

1.我们，中华人民共和国、巴西联邦共和国、俄罗斯联邦、印度共和国和南非共和国领导人于2017年9月4日在中国厦门举行金砖国家领导人第九次会晤。围绕“深化金砖伙伴关系，开辟更加光明未来”主题，我们致力于本着未来共同发展的愿景，在金砖国家合作已有进展的基础上更进一步。我们还讨论了共同关心的国际和地区问题，协商一致通过《金砖国家领导人厦门宣言》。

1.We, the Leaders of the Federative Republic of Brazil, the Russian Federation, the Republic of India, the People's Republic of China and the Republic of South Africa, met on 4 September 2017 in Xiamen, China, at the Ninth BRICS Summit.Under the theme “BRICS: Stronger Partnership for a Brighter Future”, we endeavor to build on our achievements already made with a shared vision for future development of BRICS.We also discussed international and regional issues of common concern and adopted the Xiamen Declaration by consensus.2.我们重申，追求和平、安全、发展和合作的宏伟目标和愿望使金砖国家在10年前走到了一起。从此，金砖国家矢志发展经济，改善民生，沿着符合本国国情的发展道路共同走过了一段非凡历程。在历次领导人会晤的推动下，我们致力于协调行动，构建起全方位、多层次的合作势头。我们坚持发展事业，秉持多边主义，共同推动建立更加公正、平等、公平、民主和有代表性的国际政治、经济秩序。

2.We reiterate that it is the overarching objective and our desire for peace, security, development and cooperation that brought us together 10 years ago.BRICS countries have since traversed a remarkable journey together on their respective development paths tailored to their national circumstances, devoted to growing their economies and improving people's livelihoods.Our committed and concerted efforts have generated a momentum of all-dimensional and multi-layered cooperation fostered by the previous Leaders' Summits.Upholding development and multilateralism, we are working together for a more just, equitable, fair, democratic and representative international political and economic order.3.我们始于2006年的合作进程已经培育出互尊互谅、平等相待、团结互助、开放包容、互惠互利的金砖精神，这是我们的宝贵财富和金砖国家合作不竭的力量源泉。我们尊重各自选择的发展道路，理解和支持彼此利益。我们一直坚持平等团结，坚持开放包容，建设开放型世界经济，深化同新兴市场和发展中国家的合作。我们坚持互利合作，谋求共同发展，不断深化金砖务实合作，造福世界。

3.Our cooperation since 2006 has fostered the BRICS spirit featuring mutual respect and understanding, equality, solidarity, openness, inclusiveness and mutually beneficial cooperation, which is our valuable asset and an inexhaustible source of strength for BRICS cooperation.We have shown respect for the development paths of our respective choices, and rendered understanding and support to each other's interests.We have upheld equality and solidarity.We have also embraced openness and inclusiveness, dedicated to forging an open world economy.We have furthered our cooperation with emerging markets and developing countries(EMDCs).We have worked together for mutually beneficial outcomes and common development, constantly deepening BRICS practical cooperation which benefits the world at large.4.我们对合作取得的丰硕成果感到满意，包括成立新开发银行(NDB)和应急储备安排(CRA)，制定《金砖国家经济伙伴战略》，通过安全事务高级代表会议、外长会晤等加强政治安全合作，深化五国人民的传统友谊等。

4.We draw satisfaction from the many fruitful results of our cooperation, including establishing the New Development Bank(NDB)and the Contingent Reserve Arrangement(CRA), formulating the Strategy for BRICS Economic Partnership, strengthening political and security cooperation including through Meetings of BRICS High Representatives for Security Issues and Foreign Ministers Meetings, and deepening the traditional ties of friendship amongst our peoples.5.我们回顾乌法和果阿会晤成果，将共同努力深化金砖国家战略伙伴关系，造福五国人民。我们将本着坚定信念，在历次领导人会晤成果和共识的基础上，开辟金砖国家团结合作的第二个“金色十年”。

5.Recalling our Summits in Ufa and Goa, we will work together to further enhance BRICS strategic partnership for the welfare of our peoples.We commit ourselves to build upon the outcomes and consensus of our previous Summits with unwavering conviction, so as to usher in the second golden decade of BRICS cooperation and solidarity.6.我们相信，金砖国家发展前景广阔，合作潜力巨大，我们对金砖国家的未来满怀信心。我们致力于加强如下合作：

6.Believing in the broad development prospects of our countries and the vast potential of our cooperation, we have full confidence in the future of BRICS.We commit to further strengthen our cooperation.——深化务实合作，促进金砖国家发展。我们将加强发展经验交流，打造贸易投资大市场，促进基础设施联通、货币金融流通，实现联动发展。我们致力于同其他新兴市场和发展中国家建立广泛的伙伴关系。为此，我们将采取平等和灵活的方式同其他国家开展对话与合作，包括“金砖+”合作模式。

--We will energize our practical cooperation to boost development of BRICS countries.We will, inter alia, promote exchanges of good practices and experiences on development, and facilitate market inter-linkages as well as infrastructure and financial integration to achieve interconnected development.We shall also strive towards broad partnerships with EMDCs, and in this context, we will pursue equal-footed and flexible practices and initiatives for dialogue and cooperation with non-BRICS countries, including through BRICS Plus cooperation.——加强沟通协调，完善经济治理，建立更加公正合理的国际经济秩序。我们将努力提高金砖国家及新兴市场和发展中国家在全球经济治理中的发言权和代表性，推动建设开放、包容、均衡的经济全球化，以促进新兴市场和发展中国家发展，为解决南北发展失衡、促进世界经济增长提供强劲动力。

--We will enhance communication and coordination in improving global economic governance to foster a more just and equitable international economic order.We will work towards enhancement of the voice and representation of BRICS countries and EMDCs in global economic governance and promote an open, inclusive and balanced economic globalization, thus contributing towards development of EMDCs and providing strong impetus to redressing North-South development imbalances and promoting global growth.——倡导公平正义，维护国际与地区和平稳定。我们将坚定维护以联合国为核心的公正合理的国际秩序，维护《联合国宪章》的宗旨和原则，尊重国际法，推动国际关系民主化法治化，共同应对传统和非传统安全挑战，为人类命运共同体开辟更加光明的未来。--We will emphasize fairness and justice to safeguard international and regional peace and stability.We will stand firm in upholding a fair and equitable international order based on the central role of the United Nations, the purposes and principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations and respect for international law, promoting democracy and the rule of law in international relations, and making joint efforts to address common traditional and non-traditional security challenges, so as to build a brighter shared future for the global community.——弘扬多元文化，促进人文交流，深化传统友谊，为金砖合作奠定更广泛的民意支持基础。我们将拓展全方位人文交流，鼓励社会各界广泛参与金砖合作，促进各国文化和文明的互学互鉴，增进各国人民之间的沟通和理解，深化传统友谊，让金砖伙伴关系的理念深植于民心。

--We will embrace cultural diversity and promote people-to-people exchanges to garner more popular support for BRICS cooperation through deepened traditional friendships.We will expand people-to-people exchanges in all dimensions, encourage all fabrics of the society to participate in BRICS cooperation, promote mutual learning between our cultures and civilizations, enhance communication and mutual understanding among our peoples and deepen traditional friendships, thus making BRICS partnership closer to our people's hearts.二、金砖经济务实合作

BRICS Practical Economic Cooperation

7.我们注意到，世界经济增长更加稳固，抗风险能力增强，新动能继续显现，金砖国家继续发挥作为全球增长引擎的重要作用。同时，我们也注意到世界经济中的不确定性和下行风险依然存在，强调有必要警惕防范内顾政策和倾向。这种政策和倾向正在对世界经济增长前景和市场信心带来负面影响。我们呼吁各国谨慎制定宏观经济政策和结构性政策，加强政策沟通与协调。

7.We note that against the backdrop of more solid global economic growth, enhanced resilience and emerging new drivers, BRICS countries continue to play an important role as engines of global growth.Noting the uncertainties and downside risks that persist, we emphasize the need to be vigilant in guarding against inward-looking policies and tendencies that are weighing on global growth prospects and market confidence.We call upon all countries to calibrate and communicate their macroeconomic and structural policies and strengthen policy coordination.8.我们注意到，经济务实合作一直是金砖合作的基础，特别是落实《金砖国家经济伙伴战略》以及在贸易投资、制造业和矿业加工、基础设施互联互通、资金融通、科技创新、信息通信技术合作等优先领域的倡议。我们欢迎落实该经济伙伴战略的首份报告，欢迎各领域专业部长会取得的系列成果。我们承诺使用所有政策工具，包括财政、货币和结构性改革措施，实施创新驱动战略，增强经济韧性和潜力，为促进强劲、可持续、平衡和包容增长做出贡献。8.We note that practical economic cooperation has traditionally served as a foundation of BRICS cooperation, notably through implementing the Strategy for BRICS Economic Partnership and initiatives related to its priority areas such as trade and investment, manufacturing and minerals processing, infrastructure connectivity, financial integration, science, technology and innovation, and Information and Communication Technology(ICT)cooperation, among others.We welcome the first report on the implementation of the Strategy for BRICS Economic Partnership, and the broad package of outcomes delivered by the sectoral ministerial meetings.We commit to use all policy tools-fiscal, monetary and structural-and adopt innovation-driven development strategies to enhance resilience and potentials of our economies, so as to contribute to strong, sustainable, balanced and inclusive global growth.9.我们强调加强贸易投资合作有助于释放金砖国家经济潜力，同意完善并扩展贸易投资合作机制和范围，以加强金砖国家经济互补性和多样性。我们欢迎金砖国家第七次经贸部长会议在贸易投资便利化及互联互通合作框架、路线图和概要方面取得积极成果，包括通过加强贸易投资便利化、服务贸易、电子商务、与金砖国家知识产权管理部门合作活动相协调的知识产权合作、经济技术合作、中小企业和妇女经济赋权等领域合作，加强政策分享、信息交流和能力建设。我们欢迎建立自愿参与的金砖国家示范电子口岸网络和电子商务工作组。我们欢迎中国在2018年举办国际进口博览会并鼓励金砖国家工商界积极参与。

9.Stressing the role of enhanced trade and investment cooperation in unleashing the potential of BRICS economies, we agree to improve and broaden trade and investment cooperation mechanism and scope, with a view to enhancing BRICS economic complementarity and diversification in BRICS countries.We welcome the positive outcomes of the 7th BRICS Trade Ministers Meeting in terms of the cooperative frameworks, roadmaps and outlines on trade and investment facilitation and connectivity and enhanced policy sharing, information exchange, capacity building, through enhanced joint efforts on trade and investment facilitation, trade in services, E-commerce, IPR(in synergy with the cooperation activities among BRICS IP authorities), economic and technical cooperation, SMEs and women economic empowerment.We welcome the setting up of the BRICS E-Port Network that will operate on a voluntary basis and the establishment of the BRICS E-commerce Working Group.We also welcome China's initiative to host an International Import Expo in 2018 and encourage our business communities to actively participate in it.10.我们强调加强金砖国家财金合作的重要性，以更好地服务实体经济，满足金砖国家发展需要。我们注意到金砖国家财政部长和央行行长就政府和社会资本合作(PPP)达成共识，包括分享PPP经验，开展金砖国家PPP框架良好实践等。我们认识到金砖国家成立临时工作组，就通过多种途径开展PPP合作进行技术性讨论，包括如何根据各国经验利用多边开发银行现有资源、探讨成立一个新的PPP项目准备基金的可能性等。我们鼓励金砖国家会计准则制定机构和审计机关加强协调与合作，同意在充分考虑各国法律和政策的同时，探讨债券发行领域的会计准则趋同和审计监管领域的合作，为金砖国家债券市场互联互通奠定基础。我们同意促进金砖国家本币债券市场发展，致力于共同设立金砖国家本币债券基金，作为维护金砖国家融资资本可持续性的一种手段，通过吸引更多外国私人部门参与，促进各国国内和区域债券市场发展并加强金砖国家财政韧性。

10.We stress the importance of enhancing BRICS financial cooperation to better serve the real economy and meet the development needs of BRICS countries.We note the agreement by the finance ministers and central bank governors on cooperation on Public Private Partnerships(PPP), including through PPP experience exchange and application of the BRICS Good Practices on PPP Frameworks.We acknowledge the establishment of a temporary task force to conduct technical discussion on various ways of cooperation, including utilizing existing facilities of the MDBs based on national experiences, exploring the possibility of establishing a new PPP Project Preparation Fund and other options.We encourage cooperation and coordination by our accounting standards setters and audit regulators and agree to explore convergence of accounting standards and continue discussion on cooperation on auditing oversight in the area of bond issuance, so as to lay the groundwork for bond market connectivity among BRICS countries, with due regard to applicable national legislation and policies.We agree to promote the development of BRICS Local Currency Bond Markets and jointly establish a BRICS Local Currency Bond Fund, as a means of contribution to the capital sustainability of financing in BRICS countries, boosting the development of BRICS domestic and regional bond markets, including by increasing foreign private sector participation, and enhancing financial resilience of BRICS countries.11.为满足金砖国家贸易投资快速增长带来的需求，我们同意在遵守各国现有监管框架和世贸组织义务的基础上，通过促进金融机构和金融服务网络化布局，为金砖国家金融市场整合提供便利，同时确保金融监管部门更好地交流与合作。我们同意通过金砖国家反洗钱/打击恐怖融资代表团团长合作，以及在金砖国家反恐工作组工作框架下，并利用其他平台来维护各国金融系统廉洁，为落实和改善金融行动特别工作组关于反洗钱、打击恐怖融资和防止大规模杀伤性武器扩散的国际标准发挥积极作用。我们同意在符合各国央行法律授权的前提下，通过货币互换、本币结算、本币直接投资等适当方式，就加强货币合作保持密切沟通，并探索更多货币合作方式。我们鼓励金砖国家银行间合作机制继续在支持金砖国家经贸合作方面发挥重要作用。我们赞赏金砖国家成员国的开发银行签署关于银行间本币授信和信用评级合作的谅解备忘录。

11.In order to serve the demand arising from rapid growth of trade and investment among the BRICS countries, we agree to facilitate financial market integration through promoting the network of financial institutions and the coverage of financial services within BRICS countries, subject to each country's existing regulatory framework and WTO obligations, and to ensure greater communication and cooperation between financial sector regulators.We agree to take an active part in the efforts to implement and improve International Standards on Combating Money Laundering and the Financing of Terrorism and Proliferation in FATF, including through cooperation among BRICS Heads of Delegation on AML/CFT, also in the context of the work of BRICS CTWG and by using other platforms and to safeguard integrity of national financial systems.We agree to communicate closely to enhance currency cooperation, consistent with each central bank's legal mandate, including through currency swap, local currency settlement, and local currency direct investment, where appropriate, and to explore more modalities of currency cooperation.We encourage the BRICS Interbank Cooperation Mechanism to continue playing an important role in supporting BRICS economic and trade cooperation.We commend the progress in concluding the Memoranda of Understanding among national development banks of BRICS countries on interbank local currency credit line and on interbank cooperation in relation to credit rating.12.我们强调创新是经济中长期增长和全球可持续发展的重要驱动力。我们致力于推动科技创新合作，发挥协同效应，挖掘金砖国家增长新动能，继续应对我们面临的发展挑战。我们对金砖国家科技创新框架计划下选择的研发项目感到满意，并注意到第二轮项目征集。我们欢迎金砖国家科技创新合作谅解备忘录，支持通过技术转移转化、科技园区和企业合作以及研究人员、企业家、专业人士和学生流动等方式加强创新创业合作。我们鼓励学术界、工商界、民间社会以及其他利益攸关方加大参与，支持通过新开发银行等现有基金、机构和平台促进科技创新投资以及跨境投资。我们同意继续就创新创业合作平台开展工作，支持落实《金砖国家创新合作行动计划(2017－2020)》。

12.We highlight the importance of innovation as a key driver for mid and long term economic growth and global sustainable development.We commit to promote cooperation on science, technology and innovation(STI)to forge synergy in tapping new growth momentum for our five economies and continue to address the development challenges we face.We commend the selection of BRICS research and development projects under the BRICS STI Framework Program and note the launch of the 2nd call for projects.We welcome the BRICS STI Cooperation MOU and support enhanced cooperation on innovation and entrepreneurship, including by promoting technology transfer and application, cooperation among science and technology parks and enterprises as well as mobility of researchers, entrepreneurs, professionals and students.We encourage increased participation of the academia, businesses, civil society and other stakeholders in this process, and support the promotion of STI investment and cross-border investment through existing funding, institutions and platforms including the NDB.We agree to continue to work on a cooperation platform for innovation and entrepreneurship and support the implementation of the BRICS Innovation Cooperation Action Plan 2017-2020.13.我们重申致力于工业领域合作，包括产能和产业政策、新型工业基础设施与标准、中小微企业等，共同抓住新工业革命带来的机遇，加速金砖国家工业化进程。我们鼓励探讨建立金砖国家未来网络研究机构。我们将加强金砖国家在物联网、云计算、大数据、数据分析、纳米技术、人工智能、5G及其创新应用等信息通信技术的联合研发和创新，提升五国信息通信技术基础设施建设和互联互通水平。我们倡导在基础设施安全、数据保护、互联网空间领域制定国际通行的规则，共建和平、安全的网络空间。我们将增加信息通信技术投资，确认有必要进一步提升信息通信技术研发投资，在提供产品和服务方面释放创新活力。我们鼓励研究机构、组织、企业在概念论证和试点项目方面建立认证和便利化伙伴关系，通过智慧城市、卫生保健、能效设施等领域的下一代创新举措，发挥在信息通信技术软硬件和技能方面的互补优势。我们支持就落实金砖信息通信技术发展议程和行动计划积极开展合作。13.We reaffirm our commitment to BRICS industrial cooperation, including on industrial capacities and policies, new industrial infrastructure and standards, and among small, micro and medium-sized enterprises(SMMEs), so as to jointly seize the opportunities brought about by the new industrial revolution and expedite our respective industrialization processes.We encourage exploring the establishment of BRICS Institute of Future networks.We will enhance joint BRICS research, development and innovation in ICT including the Internet of Things, Cloud computing, Big Data, Data Analytics, Nanotechnology, Artificial Intelligence and 5G and their innovative applications to elevate the level of ICT infrastructure and connectivity in our countries.We will advocate the establishment of internationally applicable rules for security of ICT infrastructure, data protection and the Internet that can be widely accepted by all parties concerned, and jointly build a network that is safe and secure.We will increase investment of ICT, recognize the need to further increase investment in ICT Research and development, unleash the dynamics of innovation in producing goods and services.We encourage identification and facilitation of partnership between institutes, organizations, enterprises in the implementation of proof of concepts and pilot projects by leveraging complementary strengths in ICT hardware, software and skills through developing next generation of innovative solutions in the areas of smart cities, health care and energy efficient device, etc.We support active collaboration in implementing the BRICS ICT Development Agenda and Action Plan.14.我们重申致力于全面落实2030年可持续发展议程。我们将倡导公平、开放、全面、创新、包容发展，平衡协调推进经济、社会和环境可持续发展。我们支持联合国，包括其可持续发展高级别政治论坛，在协调、评估全球落实2030年可持续发展议程方面发挥重要作用，认为有必要通过改革联合国发展系统增强其支持成员国落实可持续发展议程的能力。我们敦促发达国家按时、足额履行官方发展援助承诺，为发展中国家提供更多发展资源。14.We reaffirm our commitment to fully implementing the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.We will also advocate equitable, open, all-round, innovation-driven and inclusive development, to achieve sustainable development in its three dimensions-economic, social and environmental-in a balanced and integrated manner.We support the important role of the United Nations, including the High Level Political Forum on Sustainable Development(HLPF), in coordinating and reviewing global implementation of the 2030 Agenda, and support the need to reform the UN Development System with a view to enhancing its capability in supporting Member States in implementing the 2030 Agenda.We urge developed countries to honor their Official Development Assistance commitments in time and in full and provide more development resources to developing countries.15.我们强调能源对经济发展的战略重要性，致力于加强金砖国家能源合作。我们认识到可持续发展、能源获取、能源安全对世界的共同繁荣和未来发展至关重要。我们承认清洁和可再生能源应让所有人负担得起。我们将建设开放、灵活和透明的能源大宗商品和技术市场。我们将携手推动化石能源的更高效利用及天然气、水电和核能的更广泛应用，为低排放经济、更好的能源获取及可持续发展作出贡献。为此，我们强调，提高用以扩大民用核能能力的技术和资金的可预测性十分重要，这有利于金砖国家的可持续发展。我们鼓励就设立金砖国家能源研究平台继续开展对话，要求相关机构继续推进能源合作与能效领域联合研究。15.Underlining the strategic importance of energy to economic development, we commit to strengthen BRICS cooperation on energy.We recognize that sustainable development, energy access, and energy security are critical to the shared prosperity and future of the planet.We acknowledge that clean and renewable energy needs to be affordable to all.We will work to foster open, flexible and transparent markets for energy commodities and technologies.We will work together to promote most effective use of fossil fuels and wider use of gas, hydro and nuclear power, which will contribute to the transformation toward a low emissions economy, better energy access, and sustainable development.In this regard, we underline the importance of predictability in accessing technology and finance for expansion of civil nuclear energy capacity which would contribute to sustainable development in BRICS countries.We encourage continued dialogue on the establishment of a BRICS Energy Research Cooperation Platform and urge relevant entities to continue to promote joint research on energy cooperation and energy efficiency.16.我们致力于在可持续发展和消除贫困的框架内继续推动发展绿色和低碳经济，加强金砖国家应对气候变化合作，扩大绿色融资。我们呼吁各国根据共同但有区别的责任原则、各自能力原则等《联合国气候变化框架公约》有关原则，全面落实《巴黎协定》，并敦促发达国家向发展中国家提供资金、技术和能力建设支持，增强发展中国家减缓和适应气候变化的能力。

16.We commit to further promote green development and low-carbon economy, in the context of sustainable development and poverty eradication, enhance BRICS cooperation on climate change and expand green financing.We call upon all countries to fully implement the Paris Agreement adopted under the principles of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC)including the principles of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities, and urge developed countries to provide financial, technological and capacity-building support to developing countries to enhance their capability in mitigation and adaptation.17.我们强调环境合作对金砖国家可持续发展和人民福祉的重要性，同意在预防空气和水污染、废弃物管理、保护生物多样性等领域采取具体行动，推进成果导向型合作。我们认识到构建环境友好型技术平台和提高城市环境可持续发展能力的重要性，支持金砖国家在此方面的共同努力。巴西、俄罗斯、印度和南非赞赏并支持中国承办2020年《生物多样性公约》缔约方大会。

17.Stressing the importance of environmental cooperation to sustainable development of our countries and the well-being of our peoples, we agree to take concrete actions to advance result-oriented cooperation in such areas as prevention of air and water pollution, waste management and biodiversity conservation.We recognize the importance of an environmentally sound technology platform and of improving urban environmental sustainability, and support BRICS joint efforts in this regard.Brazil, Russia, India and South Africa appreciate and support China's hosting of the meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity in 2020.18.我们注意到过去几年金砖国家农业合作成果丰硕，认为各国农业发展各具特色，互补性强，合作潜力巨大。为此，我们同意在粮食安全与营养、农业适应气候变化、农业技术合作与创新、农业投资贸易以及农业信息技术应用等五大重点领域加强合作，为推动全球农业稳定增长、实现可持续发展目标作出贡献。我们欢迎建立金砖国家农业研究平台协调中心，这一虚拟网络将有助于推进上述优先领域合作。

18.Noting the fruitful agricultural cooperation over the past years, we recognize the unique characteristics and complementarity of BRICS countries in agricultural development and vast cooperation potential in this area.In this connection, we agree to deepen cooperation in the five priority areas such as food security and nutrition, adaptation of agriculture to climate change, agricultural technology cooperation and innovation, agricultural trade and investment, and ICT application in agriculture to contribute to stable global agricultural growth and achievement of Sustainable Development Goals.We welcome the establishment in India of the Coordination Center of BRICS Agriculture Research Platform, a virtual network which will facilitate addressing these priority areas.19.我们关注非洲大陆在自主和可持续发展、野生动物保护等方面面临的挑战。我们重申将致力于加强对非合作，通过促进互联互通和发展领域的倡议与项目，帮助非洲大陆打击非法野生动物买卖，促进就业、粮食安全、基础设施发展与工业化。我们重申坚定支持非盟落实《2063年议程》框架下的各项计划，实现非洲大陆和平与经济社会发展。

19.We express concern over the challenges faced by the African continent in achieving independent and sustainable development and in wildlife conservation.We reaffirm our commitment to strengthen cooperation with Africa and help the continent to address illegal wildlife trade, promote employment, food security, infrastructure development and industrialization including through connectivity and developmental initiatives and projects.We reaffirm our strong support for African Union's implementation of its various programs under Agenda 2063 in pursuit of its continental agenda for peace and socio-economic development.20.腐败对可持续发展带来负面影响。我们支持加强金砖国家反腐败合作，重申致力于加强对话与经验交流，支持编纂金砖国家反腐败图册。腐败资产非法流动危害金砖国家经济发展和金融稳定，我们支持加强资产追回合作。我们支持包括通过金砖国家反腐败工作组机制加强国际反腐败合作和追逃追赃工作。非法资金流动、藏匿在国外的非法所得等腐败活动是全球性挑战，将对经济增长和可持续发展造成负面影响。我们将努力加强这方面的协调行动，依据《联合国反腐败公约》和其他有关国际法，鼓励在全球范围内更有力地预防和打击腐败。20.Keenly aware of the negative impact of corruption on sustainable development, we support the efforts to enhance BRICS anti-corruption cooperation.We reaffirm our commitment to intensify dialogue and experience sharing and support compiling a compendium on fighting corruption in BRICS countries.We further acknowledge that illegal flow of the proceeds of corruption impairs economic development and financial stability, and support enhanced cooperation in asset recovery.We support the strengthening of international cooperation against corruption, including through the BRICS Anti-Corruption Working Group, as well as on matters related to asset recovery and persons sought for corruption.We acknowledge that corruption including illicit money and financial flows, and ill-gotten wealth stashed in foreign jurisdictions is a global challenge which may impact negatively on economic growth and sustainable development.We will strive to coordinate our approach in this regard and encourage a stronger global commitment to prevent and combat corruption on the basis of the United Nations Convention against Corruption and other relevant international legal instruments.21.我们生活在数字经济时代，已准备好利用数字经济为全球增长带来的机遇，并应对有关挑战。我们将基于创新、伙伴、协同、灵活、开放和利于营商、注重信任和安全，保护消费者权益等原则，采取行动为数字经济繁荣和蓬勃发展创造条件，促进世界经济发展并惠及所有人。21.Living in the era of digital economy, we are ready to use opportunities it provides and address challenges it poses for the global growth.We will act on the basis of principles of innovation, partnership, synergy, flexibility, open and favorable business environment, trust and security, protection of consumer rights in order to ensure the conditions for a thriving and dynamic digital economy, that will foster global economic development and benefit everyone.22.我们赞赏金砖国家工商理事会和金砖国家工商论坛在基础设施、制造业、能源、农业、金融服务、电子商务、技术标准校准、技能开发等方面为加强金砖国家经济合作所做的努力和贡献。我们欢迎在工商理事会框架下建立区域航空工作组，注意到巴西关于建立区域航空伙伴关系谅解备忘录的提议。我们鼓励工商界和商业协会积极参与金砖国家合作，充分发挥贸易投资促进机构作用，推动互利共赢合作。

22.We appreciate the efforts and contribution of the BRICS Business Council and Business Forum to strengthening our economic cooperation in infrastructure, manufacturing, energy, agriculture, financial services, e-commerce, alignment of technical standards and skills development.We welcome the establishment of a working group on regional aviation within the framework of the Business Council and in this connection acknowledge the Brazil's proposal on an MOU on regional aviation partnership.We encourage business communities and associations to actively participate in BRICS cooperation, and give full play to their role as trade and investment facilitation institutions in promoting mutually beneficial cooperation.23.我们认识到劳动市场经历的重大变革及其为各国带来的机遇和挑战。我们满意地看到金砖国家在人力资源、就业、社会保障、加强劳动市场信息系统、培育金砖国家劳动研究机构网络和金砖国家社会保障合作框架等领域取得的进展。我们欢迎金砖国家就未来劳动治理取得共识，同意进一步加强合作与交流，确保充分就业和体面劳动，通过技能开发减少和消除贫困，构建普遍、可持续的社会保障体系。

23.We recognize the importance of transformation that is taking place in the labor market and the opportunities and challenges it brings.We note with satisfaction the progress in BRICS cooperation with regard to human resources, employment and social security, fostering strong labor market information systems and networking of BRICS of Labor Research Institutes and BRICS Social Security Cooperation Framework.We welcome the achievement of a BRICS common position on governance in the future of work and agree to further strengthen exchanges and cooperation in ensuring full employment, promoting decent work, advancing poverty alleviation and reduction through skills development and achieving universal and sustainable social security systems.24.我们认识到，保护竞争对确保五国社会和经济高效发展、鼓励创新、为消费者提供高品质产品都有重要意义。我们注意到五国竞争管理部门互动的重要意义，特别是识别和抑制跨境限制性商业行为。

24.We recognize the importance of competition protection to ensure the efficient social and economic development of our countries, to stimulate innovative processes and to provide quality products to our consumers.We note the significance of the interaction between the Competition Authorities of our countries, in particular, in identifying and suppressing restrictive business practices that are of a transboundary nature.25.我们满意地注意到，通过金砖国家海关合作委员会和海关工作组等机制，五国海关部门在贸易便利化、安全与执法、能力建设和其他共同关心的事务方面取得的合作进展。我们鼓励以信息互换、监管互认、执法互助为指导原则扩大合作，促进经济增长和人民福祉。为加强海关事务相互合作，我们重申致力于尽快完成《金砖国家海关行政互助协定》。25.We note with satisfaction the progress made by Customs Administrations in their cooperation on trade facilitation, security and enforcement, capacity building and other issues of mutual interest, including through such mechanisms as BRICS Customs Cooperation Committee and BRICS Customs Working Group.We encourage broadened cooperation under the guiding principles of mutual sharing of information, mutual recognition of customs control, and mutual assistance in enforcement so as to boost growth and promote people's welfare.In order to strengthen mutual cooperation in customs matters, we reaffirm our commitment to finalize BRICS Customs Mutual Assistance Agreement at the earliest.26.我们秉持和平利用外空原则，强调有必要加强空间活动国际合作，利用空间技术应对全球气候变化、环境保护、防灾救灾以及其他人类面临的挑战。

26.We adhere to the principle of utilizing outer space for peaceful purposes and emphasize the need to strengthen the international cooperation in space activities in order to use space technologies to respond to global climate change, environmental protection, disaster prevention and relief and other challenges faced by humankind.27.我们忆及金砖国家灾害管理部长会圣彼得堡和乌代布尔宣言，以及建立金砖国家灾害风险管理联合工作组的决定，强调在金砖国家应急服务方面携手合作非常重要。我们着眼于通过灾害风险管理最佳实践信息交流和自然、人为灾害预报预警及有效应对等领域的合作，减少灾害风险，构建更加安全的未来。

27.Recalling the Saint-Petersburg and Udaipur Declarations of BRICS Ministers for Disaster Management and the decision to establish a BRICS Joint Taskforce on Disaster Risk Management, we underline the importance of consistent joint work of emergency services of BRICS countries aimed at building a safer future by reducing existing disaster risks, including exchange of information on best practices concerning disaster risk management and cooperation in the field of forecasting and early warning for effective response to natural and human induced disasters.28.我们对金砖国家在审计、统计、出口信贷等领域合作取得积极进展表示满意，同意继续推进相关合作。

28.We note with satisfaction the progress in BRICS cooperation in such fields as audit, statistics and export credit and agree to further advance cooperation in these fields.全球经济治理

Global Economic Governance

29.我们决心构建一个更加高效、反映当前世界经济版图的全球经济治理架构，增加新兴市场和发展中国家的发言权和代表性。我们重申致力于推动国际货币基金组织于2019年春会、不迟于2019年年会前完成第15轮份额总检查，包括形成一个新的份额公式。我们将继续推动落实世界银行股权审议。

29.We resolve to foster a global economic governance architecture that is more effective and reflective of current global economic landscape, increasing the voice and representation of emerging markets and developing economies.We reaffirm our commitment to conclude the IMF's 15th General Review of Quotas, including a new quota formula, by the 2019 Spring Meetings and no later than the 2019 Annual Meetings.We will continue to promote the implementation of the World Bank Group Shareholding Review.30.我们强调开放、韧性的金融体系对可持续增长和发展非常重要，同意更好地利用资本流动带来的益处，管理过度跨境资本流动与波动带来的风险。应急储备安排(CRA)是金砖国家金融合作和发展的一个里程碑，为全球金融稳定作出了贡献。我们欢迎建立CRA宏观经济信息交换机制，以及进一步提高CRA研究能力、同IMF开展更紧密合作的共识。30.We emphasize the importance of an open and resilient financial system to sustainable growth and development, and agree to better leverage the benefits of capital flows and manage the risks stemming from excessive cross-border capital flows and fluctuation.The BRICS CRA represents a milestone of BRICS financial cooperation and development, which also contributes to global financial stability.We welcome the establishment of the CRA System of Exchange in Macroeconomic Information(SEMI), and the agreement to further strengthen the research capability of the CRA, and to promote closer cooperation between the IMF and the CRA.31.我们欢迎在南非设立新开发银行(NDB)第一个区域办公室——非洲区域中心。我们欢迎NDB设立项目准备基金以及批准第二批项目，祝贺NDB总部大楼破土动工。我们强调基础设施互联互通对培育更密切的经济联系与伙伴关系至关重要。我们鼓励NDB充分发挥作用，加强同世界银行、亚洲基础设施投资银行等多边开发机构以及金砖国家工商理事会的合作，以协调调动资源，促进金砖国家基础设施建设和可持续发展。

31.We welcome the establishment of the NDB Africa Regional Center launched in South Africa, which is the first regional office of the Bank.We welcome the setting up of the Project Preparation Fund and the approval of the 2nd batch of projects.We congratulate the Bank on the ground-breaking of its permanent headquarters building.We stress the significance of infrastructure connectivity to foster closer economic ties and partnerships among countries.We encourage the NDB to fully leverage its role and enhance cooperation with multilateral development institutions including the World Bank and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank as well as with the BRICS Business Council, to forge synergy in mobilizing resources and promote infrastructure construction and sustainable development of BRICS countries.32.我们强调，建设开放包容的世界经济对于让所有国家和人民分享经济全球化的益处具有重要作用。我们继续坚定维护以世贸组织为代表、以规则为基础、透明、非歧视、开放和包容的多边贸易体制，重申确保全面实施和执行现有世贸组织规则，进一步加强世贸组织作用。我们呼吁加快落实世贸组织巴厘和内罗毕部长级会议成果，期待今年在阿根廷举行的世贸组织部长级会议取得积极成果。我们将继续坚决反对保护主义。我们重申不采取新的贸易保护主义措施的既有承诺，呼吁其他国家加入这一承诺。

32.We emphasize the importance of an open and inclusive world economy enabling all countries and peoples to share in the benefits of globalization.We remain firmly committed to a rules-based, transparent, non-discriminatory, open and inclusive multilateral trading system as embodied in the WTO.We reaffirm our commitments to ensure full implementation and enforcement of existing WTO rules and are determined to work together to further strengthen the WTO.We call for the acceleration of the implementation of the Bali and Nairobi MCM outcomes and for the WTO ministerial conference to be held this year in Argentina to produce positive outcomes.We will continue to firmly oppose protectionism.We recommit to our existing pledge for both standstill and rollback of protectionist measures and we call upon other countries to join us in that commitment.33.我们重视二十国集团继续作为国际经济合作主要论坛的作用，重申落实包括杭州峰会和汉堡峰会在内的历届峰会成果。我们呼吁二十国集团进一步加强宏观经济政策协调，将对新兴市场和发展中国家造成的负面外溢效应和冲击降至最低。我们同意在2018年阿根廷担任二十国集团主席国期间加强协调合作，使二十国集团进程与成果反映新兴市场和发展中国家的利益和关切。

33.Valuing the G20's continued role as the premier forum for international economic cooperation, we reiterate our commitments to the implementation of the outcomes of G20 summits, including the Hamburg Summit and the Hangzhou Summit.We call upon the G20 to further enhance macroeconomic policy coordination to minimize negative spillovers and external shocks to EMDEs.We agree to enhance coordination and cooperation under the Argentina Presidency in 2018, with an aim to make the G20 process and outcomes reflect the interests and priorities of EMDEs.34.我们重申努力建立公平、现代化的全球税收体系，营造更加公正、有利于增长和高效的国际税收环境，包括深化应对税基侵蚀和利润转移合作，推进税收信息交换，加强发展中国家能力建设。我们将加强金砖国家税收合作，为国际税收规则制定作出更大贡献，同时向其他发展中国家提供有针对性的、有效、可持续的技术援助。

34.We reaffirm our commitment to achieving a fair and modern global tax system and promoting a more equitable, pro-growth and efficient international tax environment, including to deepening cooperation on addressing Base Erosion and Profit Shifting(BEPS), promoting exchange of tax information and improving capacity-building in developing countries.We will strengthen BRICS tax cooperation to increase BRICS contribution to setting international tax rules and provide, according to each country's priorities, effective and sustainable technical assistance to other developing countries.国际和平与安全

International Peace and Security

35.我们注意到世界正在经历深刻变革，国际社会面临全球性安全威胁和挑战。我们承诺在国际场合就事关国际和平与安全的问题加强沟通与合作，重申维护世界和平与安全，捍卫国际法基本准则及《联合国宪章》宗旨和原则，包括坚持主权平等、不干涉别国内政。35.Cognizant of the profound changes the world is undergoing and the global security challenges and threats faced by the international community, we commit to enhance communication and cooperation in international fora on issues concerning international peace and security.We reiterate our commitment to safeguarding world peace and security and to upholding the basic norms of the international law, and the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations including sovereign equality and non-interference in other countries' internal affairs.36.我们欢迎2017年7月27日至28日在北京举行的第七次金砖国家安全事务高级代表会议，赞赏会议就全球治理、反恐、网络安全、能源安全、重大国际和地区热点及国家安全和发展等问题进行探讨并深化了共识。我们注意到巴西提议设立金砖国家情报论坛。我们欢迎中方作为安代会主席国向领导人会晤汇报会议成果，鼓励今后主席国延续这一做法。我们期待在上述领域加强安全领域务实合作。

36.We welcome the 7th Meeting of the BRICS High Representatives for Security Issues held on 27-28 July 2017 in Beijing, and commend the meeting for having discussion and deepening our common understanding on global governance, counter-terrorism, security in the use of ICTs, energy security, major international and regional hotspots as well as national security and development.We note Brazil's proposal to establish a BRICS Intelligence Forum.We welcome Chair's report to us on the proceedings of the Meeting and encourage the succeeding chairpersonships to continue this exercise.We look forward to enhancing practical security cooperation agreed upon in the above areas.37.我们欢迎在中国的倡议下于2017年6月18日至19日在北京举办金砖国家外长会晤。外长们就全球政治、安全、经济和金融等领域重大和共同关心的问题及加强金砖国家合作等交换意见。我们期待即将在联合国大会期间举办的外长会晤，欢迎南非在2018年举行下次金砖国家外长单独会晤。

37.We welcome China's hosting of the Meeting of BRICS Ministers of Foreign Affairs/International Relations in Beijing on 18-19 June 2017 at the initiative of China.Ministers exchanged views on major global political, security, economic and financial issues of common concern and on strengthening BRICS cooperation.We look forward to the upcoming meeting of Foreign Ministers on the margins of the UNGA.We welcome South Africa's offer to host the next stand-alone Foreign Ministers Meeting in 2018.38.发展和安全密切相关、相互促进，对实现可持续和平至关重要。我们重申在互信、互利、平等、合作的基础上，采取共同、综合、坚定的方式构建可持续和平，解决冲突的政治、经济及社会根源。我们谴责单边军事干预、经济制裁及任意采取单边胁迫措施，这违反了国际法和公认的国际关系准则。我们强调，任何国家都不应以牺牲别国安全为代价加强自身安全。38.We recall that development and security are closely interlinked, mutually reinforcing and key to attaining sustainable peace.We reiterate our view that the establishment of sustainable peace requires a comprehensive, concerted and determined approach, based on mutual trust, mutual benefit, equity and cooperation, that addresses the causes of conflicts, including their political, economic and social dimensions.We condemn unilateral military interventions, economic sanctions and arbitrary use of unilateral coercive measures in violation of international law and universally recognized norms of international relations.We emphasize that no country should enhance its security at the expense of the security of others.39.我们重申对联合国的支持。联合国作为具有普遍代表性的多边组织，肩负维护国际和平与安全，推动全球发展、促进和保护人权的授权。

39.We reaffirm our commitment to the United Nations as the universal multilateral organization entrusted with the mandate for maintaining international peace and security, advance global development and to promote and protect human rights.40.我们回顾2005年世界首脑会议成果文件，重申需要对联合国包括其安理会进行全面改革，使之更具代表性、效力和效率，增强发展中国家代表性，以应对全球挑战。中国和俄罗斯重申重视巴西、印度和南非在国际事务中的地位和作用，支持其希望在联合国发挥更大作用的愿望。

40.We recall the 2005 World Summit Outcome document and reaffirm the need for a comprehensive reform of the UN, including its Security Council, with a view to making it more representative, effective and efficient, and to increase the representation of the developing countries so that it can adequately respond to global challenges.China and Russia reiterate the importance they attach to the status and role of Brazil, India and South Africa in international affairs and support their aspiration to play a greater role in the UN.41.我们重申达成叙利亚问题持久解决办法的唯一出路是推进“叙人主导、叙人所有”的包容性政治进程，根据联合国安理会第2254(2015)号决议要求，维护叙利亚主权、独立和领土完整，顺应叙利亚人民的合理诉求。我们坚定支持日内瓦和谈与阿斯塔纳进程，欢迎在叙利亚设立冲突降级区，降低冲突程度，为在联合国框架下开展和谈取得有意义进展积聚积极势头，创造良好条件。我们反对任何人、在任何情况下、出于任何目的使用化学武器。41.We reiterate that the only lasting solution to the crisis in Syria is through an inclusive “Syrian-led, Syrian-owned” political process which safeguards the sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of Syria, in pursuance of the United Nations Security Council Resolution 2254(2015), and promotes the legitimate aspirations of the Syrian people.We strongly support the Geneva Peace Talks and the Astana process, and welcome the creation of the de-escalation areas in Syria, which contributed to decrease the levels of violence and generate positive momentum and conditions for meaningful progress in the peace talks under the auspices of the UN.We oppose the use of chemical weapons by anyone, for any purpose and under any circumstance.42.我们重申应在联合国相关决议、马德里原则、“阿拉伯和平倡议”以及此前双方达成的协议基础上，通过谈判实现巴以冲突的公正、持久和全面解决，建立一个与以色列和平共处，独立自主、经济上自立、领土完整的巴勒斯坦国，以实现中东地区和平稳定。我们承诺为解决巴以问题做出更大贡献，愿为实现中东问题的公正、持久解决做出更多贡献，支持国际社会促进该地区和平稳定的努力。

42.We reiterate the urgent need for a just, lasting and comprehensive solution of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict in order to achieve peace and stability in the Middle East on the basis of relevant United Nations resolutions, the Madrid Principles, the Arab Peace Initiative and previous agreements between the parties through negotiations with a view to creating an independent, viable, territorially contiguous Palestinian State living side by side in peace and security with Israel.Committed to making greater contribution to such solution, we express readiness to enhance our contribution towards a just and lasting resolution of the Middle East conflict and support international efforts to promote peace and stability in the region.43.我们祝贺伊拉克人民和政府收复摩苏尔以及在打击恐怖主义方面取得进展，重申致力于维护伊拉克的主权、领土完整、政治独立，支持伊拉克政府和人民。我们关注也门局势，敦促各方停止敌对状态，在联合国支持下恢复谈判。我们呼吁海湾地区外交危机当事方通过对话解决纷争，欢迎科威特的斡旋努力。

43.We congratulate the people and Government of Iraq for the recovery of Mosul and for the progress achieved in the fight against terrorism and reaffirm our commitment to Iraq's sovereignty, territorial integrity and political independence and our support for Iraqi government and its people.We express our concern over the situation in Yemen and urge all parties to cease hostilities and to resume negotiations supported by the United Nations.We also call on all parties directly involved in the current diplomatic crisis in the Gulf region to overcome their dissensions through dialogue and welcome the efforts of Kuwaiti mediation in this regard.44.我们十分遗憾朝鲜进行核试验。我们对朝鲜半岛紧张局势和长期存在的核问题深表关切，强调这个问题只能通过所有相关方直接对话，以和平方式解决。

44.We strongly deplore the nuclear test conducted by the DPRK.We express deep concern over the ongoing tension and prolonged nuclear issue on the Korean Peninsula, and emphasize that it should only be settled through peaceful means and direct dialogue of all the parties concerned.45.我们坚定支持伊朗核问题全面协议，呼吁所有相关方全面履行义务，确保协议得到完整、有效执行，促进国际和地区和平与稳定。

45.We firmly support the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action(JCPOA)on the Iranian nuclear issue and call upon all relevant parties to comply fully with their obligations and ensure full and effective implementation of the JCPOA to promote international and regional peace and stability.46.我们赞赏非洲国家、非洲联盟和次区域组织为解决地区问题和维护地区和平安全所做出的努力，强调联合国和非盟根据《联合国宪章》进行合作的重要性。我们支持全面解决刚果民主共和国、利比亚、南苏丹、索马里、中非共和国、西撒哈拉地区有关问题的努力。46.We commend the efforts of African countries, the African Union and sub-regional organizations in addressing regional issues and maintaining regional peace and security, and emphasize the importance of collaboration between the United Nations and the African Union in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations.We support efforts towards comprehensively resolving the issues in Democratic Republic of Congo, Libya, South Sudan, Somalia, Central Africa Republic and Western Sahara.47.我们强烈谴责导致阿富汗无辜平民死亡的恐怖袭击。暴力需要立即停止。我们重申支持阿富汗人民实现“阿人主导、阿人所有”的和平与民族和解进程的努力，支持在莫斯科举行的阿富汗问题磋商、伊斯坦布尔进程、多式联运项目等促进和平与稳定的国际努力，支持打击恐怖主义和应对毒品威胁，支持阿富汗国家重建努力。我们支持阿富汗国防和安全部队打击恐怖组织的努力。

47.We strongly condemn terrorist attacks resulting in death to innocent Afghan nationals.There is a need for immediate cessation of violence.We reaffirm our support to the people of Afghanistan in their efforts to achieve “Afghan-led and Afghan-owned” peace and national reconciliation, to the ongoing international efforts, including the Moscow Format of consultations on Afghanistan and “Heart of Asia-Istanbul Process”, as well as multimodal connectivity projects to promote peace and stability, to the fight against terrorism and drug-threat, and to the national reconstruction efforts by Afghanistan.We support the efforts of the Afghan National Defense and Security Forces in fighting terrorist organizations.48.为此，我们对地区安全形势以及塔利班、“伊拉克和黎凡特伊斯兰国/达阿什”、基地组织及其附属的东突厥斯坦伊斯兰运动、乌兹别克斯坦伊斯兰运动、哈卡尼网络、虔诚军、穆罕默德军、巴基斯坦塔利班运动、伊扎布特引发的暴力表示关切。

48.We, in this regard, express concern on the security situation in the region and violence caused by the Taliban, ISIL/DAISH, Al-Qaida and its affiliates including Eastern Turkistan Islamic Movement, Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan, the Haqqani network, Lashkar-e-Taiba, Jaish-e-Mohammad, TTP and Hizb ut-Tahrir.49.我们谴责在金砖国家乃至世界各地发生的恐怖袭击，无论在何地、由何人实施。我们谴责一切形式和表现的恐怖主义，强调任何原因都不能作为为恐怖主义正名的理由。我们重申实施、组织或支持恐怖主义行为的人都将被绳之以法。我们回顾各国在预防和打击恐怖主义方面发挥了主导作用并承担了相应责任，强调有必要根据主权平等、不干涉别国内政等国际法原则开展国际合作。我们重申团结一致打击恐怖主义，重视2017年5月18日在北京举行的反恐工作组第二次会议，同意加强合作。

49.We deplore all terrorist attacks worldwide, including attacks in BRICS countries, and condemn terrorism in all its forms and manifestations wherever committed and by whomsoever and stress that there can be no justification whatsoever for any act of terrorism.We reaffirm that those responsible for committing, organizing, or supporting terrorist acts must be held accountable.Recalling the primary leading role and responsibility of states in preventing and countering terrorism, we stress the necessity to develop international cooperation, in accordance with the principles of international law, including that of sovereign equality of states and non-interference in their internal affairs.We reaffirm solidarity and resolve in the fight against terrorism, value the 2nd BRICS Counter-Terrorism Working Group Meeting held in Beijing on 18 May 2017, and agree to strengthen our cooperation.50.我们呼吁所有国家综合施策打击恐怖主义，包括打击极端化以及包括外国恐怖作战人员在内的恐怖分子的招募与流动；切断恐怖主义融资渠道，例如包括通过洗钱、武器供应、贩毒、刑事犯罪等方式的有组织犯罪；摧毁恐怖组织基地；打击恐怖主义实体滥用包括社交媒体在内的最新信息通信技术。我们致力于预防和打击日益蔓延的恐怖主义言论，打击恐怖主义融资的一切来源、技术和渠道。我们呼吁在全球范围内迅速、有效地执行联合国安理会相关决议以及金融行动特别工作组相关国际标准。我们寻求加强在金融行动特别工作组以及类似区域机制框架下加强合作，重申所有国家都有责任阻止恐怖主义网络在其领土上筹措资金和从事恐怖活动。

50.We call upon all nations to adopt a comprehensive approach in combating terrorism, which should include countering radicalization, recruitment, movement of terrorists including Foreign Terrorist Fighters, blocking sources of financing terrorism including, for instance, through organized crime by means of money-laundering, supply of weapons, drug trafficking and other criminal activities, dismantling terrorist bases, and countering misuse of the Internet including social media by terrorist entities through misuse of the latest Information and Communication Technologies(ICTs).We are committed to prevent and counter the growing spread of terrorist narratives, and to tackle all sources, techniques and channels of terrorist financing.We call for swift and effective implementation of relevant UNSC Resolutions and the FATF International Standards worldwide.We seek to intensify our cooperation in FATF and FATF-style regional bodies(FSRBs).We recall the responsibility of all States to prevent financing of terrorist networks and terrorist actions from their territories.51.我们呼吁国际社会建立一个真正广泛的全球反恐联盟，支持联合国在这方面的中心协调作用。我们强调打击恐怖主义必须依据包括《联合国宪章》、国际难民和人道主义法在内的国际法，尊重人权和基本自由。我们重申致力于加强联合国反恐体系的有效性，包括加强联合国相关机构的协调合作、将恐怖分子和恐怖组织列名以及向成员国提供技术援助等。我们呼吁联合国大会加快达成并通过《全面反恐公约》。

51.We call upon the international community to establish a genuinely broad international counter-terrorism coalition and support the UN's central coordinating role in this regard.We stress that the fight against terrorism must be conducted in accordance with international law, including the Charter of the United Nations, international refugee and humanitarian law, human rights and fundamental freedoms.We reaffirm our commitment on increasing the effectiveness of the UN counter-terrorism framework, including in the areas of cooperation and coordination among the relevant UN entities, designation of terrorists and terrorist groups and technical assistance to Members States.We call for expeditious finalization and adoption of the Comprehensive Convention on International Terrorism(CCIT)by the United Nations General Assembly.52.我们认识到金砖国家对联合国维和行动的重要贡献，以及联合国维和行动为维护国际和平与安全发挥的重要作用。我们强调金砖国家有必要就维和事务进一步加强沟通。52.We recognize the important contribution of BRICS countries to United Nations peacekeeping operations, and the importance of United Nations peacekeeping operations to international peace and security.We emphasize the need for BRICS countries to further enhance communication on peacekeeping matters.53.我们重申致力于按照联合国毒品控制公约，通过整体、全面、平衡的方式制定减少毒品供需的战略，解决国际毒品问题。我们强调第30届世界毒品问题特别联大成果文件的重要性，呼吁加强国际和地区协调合作，应对非法生产和贩运毒品，特别是鸦片制剂对国际社会造成的威胁。我们深为关切地注意到，在世界有些地区，贩毒、洗钱、有组织犯罪和恐怖主义之间的关联日益紧密。

53.We reiterate our commitment to address the world drug problem based on the United Nations drug control conventions, through an integrated, comprehensive and balanced approach to drug supply and demand reduction strategies.We stress the importance of the outcome document of the 30th Special Session of the United Nations General Assembly on the world drug problem, and call for strengthening of international and regional cooperation and coordination to counter the global threat caused by the illicit production and trafficking of drugs, especially opiates.We note with deep concern the increasing links in some regions of the world between drug trafficking, money laundering and organized crime and terrorism.54.我们重申各国应本着平等相待和相互尊重的原则开展合作，促进和保护人权与基本自由。我们同意继续以公平、平等的方式对待包括发展权在内的各类人权，承认其相同地位及同等重要性。我们认为需要以非选择性、非政治性和建设性方式促进、保障及实现各国人权，避免双重标准。我们将在金砖国家及联合国人权理事会等多边框架下就共同关心的问题加强合作。

54.We reiterate the need for all countries to cooperate in promoting and protecting human rights and fundamental freedoms under the principles of equality and mutual respect.We agree to continue to treat all human rights, including the right to development, in a fair and equal manner, on the same footing and with the same emphasis.We will strengthen cooperation on issues of common interests both within BRICS and in multilateral fora including the United Nations Human Rights Council, taking into account the necessity to promote, protect and fulfill human rights in a non-selective, non-politicized and constructive manner, and without double standards.55.我们充分意识到国际社会在国际移民领域面临的全球性安全挑战，强调有效移民管理为促进国际安全和社会发展发挥日益重要的作用。

55.Keenly aware of the global security challenges faced by the international community in the area of international migration, we emphasize the growing role of effective migration regulation for the benefit of international security and development of the society.56.我们支持联合国在制定各方普遍接受的网络空间负责任国家行为规范方面发挥中心作用，以确保建设和平、安全、开放、合作、稳定、有序、可获得、公平的信息通信技术环境。我们强调《联合国宪章》确立的国际法原则至关重要，特别是国家主权、政治独立、领土完整和国家主权平等、不干涉别国内政、尊重人权和基本自由。我们强调应加强国际合作，打击滥用信息通信技术的恐怖主义和犯罪活动，重申德班宣言、福塔莱萨宣言、乌法宣言和果阿宣言为此提出的建议。正如乌法宣言提及，应在联合国主导下制定国际法律文书以打击使用信息通信技术的犯罪行为。我们满意地注意到金砖国家关于信息通信技术使用安全性专家工作组取得的进展。我们决定根据《金砖国家确保信息通信技术安全使用务实合作路线图》或者任何其他达成共识的机制推进合作，注意到俄罗斯关于金砖国家达成确保信息通信技术安全使用的政府间合作协议的倡议。

56.We consider the UN has a central role in developing universally accepted norms of responsible state behavior in the use of ICTs to ensure a peaceful, secure, open, cooperative, stable, orderly, accessible and equitable ICT environment.We emphasize the paramount importance of the principles of international law enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations, particularly the state sovereignty, the political independence, territorial integrity and sovereign equality of states, non-interference in internal affairs of other states and respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms.We emphasize the need to enhance international cooperation against terrorist and criminal misuse of ICTs, reaffirm the general approach laid in the eThekwini, Fortaleza, Ufa and Goa declarations in this regard, and recognize the need for a universal regulatory binding instrument on combatting the criminal use of ICTs under the UN auspices as stated in the Ufa Declaration.We note with satisfaction the progress achieved by the Working Group of Experts of the BRICS States on Security in the use of ICTs.We decide to promote cooperation according to the BRICS Roadmap of Practical Cooperation on Ensuring Security in the Use of ICTs or any other mutually agreed mechanism and acknowledge the initiative of the Russian Federation on a BRICS intergovernmental agreement on cooperation in ensuring security in the use of ICTs.57.我们相信所有国家应平等参与互联网及其治理的演进和运行，并考虑相关利益攸关方根据其各自作用和职责参与其中的必需性。互联网核心资源的管控架构需更具代表性和包容性。我们满意地注意到金砖国家信息通信技术合作工作组取得进展，认识到加强该领域合作的必要性。为此，金砖国家将继续通过现有机制共同努力，在国际社会平等参与互联网管理的基础上，促进安全、开放、和平、合作使用信息通信技术。

57.We believe that all states should participate on an equal footing in the evolution and functioning of the Internet and its governance, bearing in mind the need to involve relevant stakeholders in their respective roles and responsibilities.The structures that manage and regulate the critical Internet resources need to be made more representative and inclusive.We note with satisfaction the progress made by the BRICS Working Group on ICT Cooperation.We recognize the necessity to strengthen our cooperation in this area.To that end, BRICS will continue to work together through the existing mechanism to contribute to the secure, open, peaceful and cooperative use of ICTs on the basis of equal participation of the international community in its management.58.我们重申外空应由各国根据国际法并在平等基础上，自由地进行和平开发和利用。我们重申外空不应出现任何武器或使用武力，强调缔结一项或多项旨在防止外空军备竞赛的国际协定是联合国裁军谈判会议的一项优先任务，并支持以中国和俄罗斯提交的“防止在外空放置武器、对外空物体使用或威胁使用武力条约”更新草案为基础，开始实质性工作。我们也注意到关于不首先在外空部署武器政治义务的国际倡议。

58.We reiterate that outer space shall be free for peaceful exploration and used by all States on the basis of equality in accordance with international law.Reaffirming that outer space shall remain free from any kind of weapons or any use of force, we stress that negotiations for the conclusion of an international agreement or agreements to prevent an arms race in outer space are a priority task of the United Nations Conference on Disarmament, and support the efforts to start substantive work, inter alia, based on the updated draft treaty on the prevention of the placement of weapons in outer space and of the threat or use of force against outer space objects submitted by China and the Russian Federation.We also note an international initiative for a political obligation on the no first placement of weapons in outer space.59.我们优先考虑确保外空活动长期可持续性，以及为子孙后代保护外空的方式方法。我们注意到这是联合国和平利用外空委员会当前重要目标。为此，我们欢迎联合国和平利用外空委员会科技小组委员会外空活动长期可持续性工作组决定到2018年就外空活动长期可持续性整套指南结束磋商并达成共识，以纪念首届联合国探索及和平利用外空大会召开50周年。

59.Priority should be accorded to ensuring the long-term sustainability of outer space activities, as well as ways and means of preserving outer space for future generations.We note that this is an important objective on the current agenda of the UN Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space(UNCOPUOS).In this respect, we welcome the decision by the UNCOPUOS Scientific and Technical Sub-Committee Working Group on Long-term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities to conclude negotiations and achieve consensus on the full set of guidelines for the long term sustainability of outer space activities by 2018 to coincide with the commemoration of the 50th Anniversary of the first United Nations Conference on the Exploration and Peaceful Uses of Outer Space(UNISPACE + 50).加强人文交流合作

People-to-People Exchanges

60.我们强调人文交流合作对促进发展并增进金砖国家人民相互了解、友谊与合作具有重要意义。我们同意深化文化、教育、科技、体育、卫生、媒体机构、地方政府等领域合作，打造金砖国家合作的第三支柱，巩固金砖国家伙伴关系的民意基础。

60.We emphasize the importance of people-to-people exchanges to promoting development and enhancing mutual understanding, friendship and cooperation among BRICS peoples.We agree to deepen cooperation in such fields as culture, education, science and technology, sports and health as well as among media organizations and local governments, to strengthen the third pillar of BRICS cooperation and foster a meaningful resonance of the BRICS partnership amongst its peoples.61.我们珍视文化多样性是金砖合作的宝贵财富，强调文化和文化多样性对促进可持续发展的作用，鼓励金砖国家加强文明交流互鉴，在多元共享基础上培育共同价值理念。我们欢迎金砖国家制定一份推进文化务实合作行动计划的有关构想，欢迎成立金砖国家图书馆联盟、博物馆联盟、美术馆联盟和青少年儿童戏剧联盟。我们期待2017年9月中旬在厦门举行的金砖国家文化节取得圆满成功，将继续为建立金砖国家文化理事会开展工作，为金砖国家加强文化合作提供必要平台。

61.We value cultural diversity as a precious asset of BRICS cooperation.We stress the role of culture and cultural diversity in promoting sustainable development, and encourage BRICS countries to engage in cultural exchanges and mutual learning to cultivate common values on the basis of diversity and sharing.We welcome the formulation of a BRICS action plan to advance practical cultural cooperation and the establishment of the BRICS Alliance of Libraries, Alliance of Museums, Alliance of Art Museums and National Galleries as well as Alliance of Theaters for Children and Young People.We look forward to the success of the BRICS Culture Festival to be held later in mid-September 2017 in Xiamen.We will continue our work on the establishment of a BRICS Cultural Council to provide the necessary platform to enhance cultural cooperation among BRICS countries.62.我们强调教育对促进经济社会可持续发展、加强金砖国家伙伴关系的重要意义，赞赏金砖国家教育合作取得的积极进展。我们支持金砖国家大学联盟和金砖国家网络大学开展教育和研究合作，欢迎推动教育智库合作的有关努力，以及包括组织青少年夏令营、提供更多奖学金机会等方式的青年交流。我们同意就实现教育领域可持续发展目标分享经验和实践。62.We stress the importance of education to promoting sustainable economic and social development, and to strengthening BRICS partnership, and commend the positive progress in our education cooperation.We reiterate our support for BRICS University League and BRICS Network University in conducting education and research cooperation, welcome efforts to promote cooperation among educational think tanks, and exchanges among youth including by organizing youth summer camps and offering more scholarship opportunities to BRICS students.We agree to share experience and practices in realizing education-related sustainable development goals.63.我们相信金砖国家体育合作对推广五国传统运动项目、增进人民友谊具有重要意义。我们忆及金砖国家17岁以下少年足球赛于2016年在印度果阿成功举行，祝贺中国成功举办首届金砖国家运动会并成为今年人文交流合作的一大亮点。我们鼓励相关部门签署体育合作谅解备忘录，为促进五国体育合作提供更大助力。

63.We believe in the importance of sports cooperation to popularizing traditional sports and deepening the friendship among BRICS peoples.Recalling the successful hosting of BRICS U-17 Football Tournament in Goa in 2016, we commend the success of the First BRICS Games, which was a highlight of this year's people-to-people exchanges.We encourage relevant departments to sign an MOU on sports cooperation to provide greater impetus to sports cooperation among our five countries.64.我们同意加强金砖国家在全球卫生治理中的作用，特别是在世界卫生组织和联合国机构中的作用，通过研发提高创新型医疗产品的普及性，并通过促进卫生系统与卫生融资，提高可负担的、有质量的、有效的、安全的药物、疫苗、诊断和其他医药产品和技术及医疗服务的可及性。我们同意完善应对埃博拉、艾滋病、结核病、疟疾等传染病以及非传染性疾病的监控能力和医疗服务，鼓励更多利用信息通信技术来提高公共卫生服务水平。我们欢迎金砖国家卫生部长会暨传统医药高级别会议取得积极成果，赞赏建立传统医药交流合作长效机制，以促进传统医药互学互鉴和传承。我们欢迎建立结核病研究网络的决定，并向将于2017年11月16日至17日在俄罗斯莫斯科举办的“在可持续发展时代开展多部门遏制结核病行动首届世界卫生组织全球部长级会议”提交。我们支持上述会议和2018年联合国大会结核病高级别会议。我们承诺在二十国集团等国际论坛就卫生事务加强合作。

64.We agree to enhance BRICS role in global health governance, especially in the context of the World Health Organization and UN agencies, and foster the development and improve the availability of innovative medical products through promotion of research and development and access to affordable, quality, effective and safe drugs, vaccines, diagnostics and other medical products and technologies as well as to medical services through enhanced health systems and health financing.We agree to improve surveillance capacity and medical services to combat infectious diseases, including Ebola, HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, as well as non-communicable diseases and encourage greater application of ICTs to improve the level of health service provision.We welcome the outcomes of the BRICS Health Ministers Meeting and High-level Meeting on Traditional Medicine, and commend the establishment of a long-term mechanism for traditional medicine exchanges and cooperation, to promote mutual learning of traditional medicines and pass them down to future generations.We welcome the decision to set up the Tuberculosis Research Network, to be presented at the First WHO Global Ministerial Conference Ending Tuberculosis in the Sustainable Development Era: A Multisectoral Response, Moscow, Russian Federation, 16-17 November 2017.We express support for the meeting as well as the First United Nations General Assembly High-Level Meeting on Tuberculosis in 2018.We commit ourselves to enhanced cooperation at international fora on health matters including at G20.65.我们重申促进长期、平衡的人口发展，继续根据《2015－2020年金砖国家人口问题合作议程》开展人口合作。

65.We reaffirm our commitment to promote a long-term and balanced demographic development and continue cooperation on population related matters in accordance with the Agenda for BRICS Cooperation on Population Matters for 2015-2020.66.我们满意地注意到，金砖国家在治国理政、电影、媒体、智库、青年、议会、地方、工会等各领域交流合作取得进展，同意继续推进相关交流合作。我们赞赏金砖国家首次联合拍摄电影，祝贺金砖国家电影节、媒体高端论坛、友好城市暨地方政府合作论坛、青年论坛、青年外交官论坛、青年科学家论坛等活动取得成功。我们赞赏中国成功举办金砖国家政党、智库和民间社会组织论坛以及治国理政研讨会，将在未来继续采取类似行动。我们注意到中方倡议建立金砖国家研究与交流基金。

66.We note with satisfaction the progress in the exchanges and cooperation in various areas, including governance, film-making, media, think-tank, youth, parliament, local governments and trade union, and agree to further advance such exchanges and cooperation.We commend the first joint film production by BRICS countries and commend the success of the BRICS Film Festival, the Media Forum, Friendship Cities and Local Governments Cooperation Forum, Youth Forum, Young Diplomats Forum and Young Scientists Forum.We appreciate the successful hosting of the BRICS Forum of Political Parties, Think-Tanks and Civil Society Organizations as well as the Seminar on Governance, and will carry these good initiatives forward in the future.In this regard, we note the proposal to establish by China the BRICS Research and Exchange Fund.67.我们赞赏金砖合作机制建设取得的重要进展，重申将继续加强机制建设，确保金砖合作适应形势变化。我们赞赏中方担任主席国期间采取积极举措，加强协调人在金砖合作中的统筹协调职能。我们指示协调人继续讨论金砖合作机制建设问题。

67.We appreciate the important progress in BRICS institutional development and reiterate our commitment to further strengthen it to make BRICS cooperation more responsive to the changing situation.We commend China for taking measures during its Chairmanship to enhance the Sherpas' coordination role in BRICS cooperation.We instruct the Sherpas to continue their discussion concerning BRICS institutional development.68.我们重申坚定支持多边主义和联合国在国际事务中的中心作用，致力于推动金砖国家在联合国及其他多边机构中就涉及彼此共同利益的领域加强协调合作，包括通过金砖国家常驻纽约、日内瓦和维也纳代表定期会晤的方式，进一步增强国际舞台上的金砖声音。68.We recommit our strong support for multilateralism and the central role of the UN in international affairs.We commit to strengthening the coordination and cooperation among BRICS in the areas of mutual and common interests within the UN and other multilateral institutions, including through regular meetings among our permanent representatives in New York, Geneva and Vienna, and further enhance the voice of BRICS in international fora.69.我们将在厦门会晤期间，延续德班会晤以来的外围对话做法，围绕“深化互利合作，促进共同发展”主题举行新兴市场国家与发展中国家对话会，讨论落实2030年可持续发展议程和构建广泛的发展伙伴关系，推进“金砖+”合作。

69.In continuation of BRICS tradition of outreach since the Durban Summit, we will hold a Dialogue of Emerging Market and Developing Countries on the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the building of broad partnerships for development under the theme of “Strengthening Mutually-Beneficial Cooperation for Common Development” in promotion of BRICS Plus cooperation.70.南非、巴西、俄罗斯和印度称赞中国作为2017年金砖国家主席国所做工作，对中国政府和人民在厦门主办金砖国家领导人第九次会晤致以诚挚谢意。

70.South Africa, Brazil, Russia and India commend China's Chairmanship in 2017 and express sincere gratitude to the Government and people of China for hosting the Ninth BRICS Summit in Xiamen.71.中国、巴西、俄罗斯和印度将全力支持南非于2018年举办金砖国家领导人第十次会晤。71.China, Brazil, Russia and India extend full support for South Africa in hosting the Tenth BRICS Summit in 2018.（来源：新华社，编辑：马文英）

第五篇：QS金砖五国大学排名 前十强中国7席巴西异军突起

QS金砖五国大学排名 前十强中国7席巴西异军突起

日前，《QS University Rankings: BRICS

2015》榜单出炉，中国有110所大学进入金砖五国(巴西、俄罗斯、印度、中国和南非)大学400强，前十名中中国大学占了8席，清华大学、北京大学以及复旦大学包揽了前三甲。

本次排名使用的8个指标中，复旦大学、南开大学、南京大学以及中科大都在“篇均引用”中排名金砖前十。北大清华、复旦交大和浙江大学的“全球学术声誉”入选金砖前十。但在体现教学质量的

“师生比”上，中国仅有10所大学在金砖中排名前100。

和2014年一样，清华大学问鼎该排名，北京大学紧随其后。由于采用不同的指标及权重，该名次与《QS亚洲大学排名》恰好相反。清华大学得益于《金砖五国排名》对拥有博士学位的教研人员这一指标的纳入，同时其每个教研人员的学术文献数量也超过其同城对手。

这两所被视为中国最好的大学在各项排名中从来都竞争激烈。在中华人民共和国教育部的排名中，北京大学在16项学科中名列第一，清华大学则在14项学科中居首。

在该排名中，这两所大学之间仅有3分的区别。北京大学在学者及雇主的声誉调查项略领先，而清华大学则拥有更好的工作人员，更高的出版率以及更多拥有博士学位的学术人员。

快和小编一起看看QS University Rankings: BRICS 2015最新排名吧：

排名

学校名称

学校英文名

国家

清华大学

Tsinghua University

中国

复旦大学

Fudan University

中国

印度理工学院班加罗尔分校

Indian Institute of Science

(IISc)Bangalore

印度

中国科学技术大学

University of Science and

Technology of China

中国

圣保罗大学

Universidade de S?o

Paulo

巴西

浙江大学

Zhejiang University

中国

印度理工学院德里分校

Indian Institute of Technology

Delhi(IITD)

印度

圣彼得堡国立大学

Saint-Petersburg State

University

俄罗斯

武汉大学

Wuhan University

中国

新西伯利亚国立大学

Novosibirsk State

University

俄罗斯

中山大学

Sun Yat-sen

University

中国

哈尔滨工业大学

Harbin Institute of

Technology

中国

里约热内卢联邦大学

Universidade Federal do Rio de

Janeiro

巴西

圣保罗州立大学

UNESP

巴西

威特沃特斯兰德大学

University of the

Witwatersrand

南非

南开大学

Nankai University

中国

上海大学

Shanghai University

中国

莫斯科国立科技大学

Bauman Moscow State Technical

University

俄罗斯

圣保罗联邦大学

Universidade Federal de S?o Paulo

(UNIFESP)

巴西

莫斯科国立国际关系学院

Moscow State Institute of

International Relations(MGIMO University)

俄罗斯

米纳斯吉拉斯州联邦大学

Universidade Federal de Minas

Gerais

巴西

印度理工学院鲁尔基分校

Indian Institute of Technology

Roorkee(IITR)

印度

莫斯科国立物理与科技大学

Moscow

Institute of Physics and Technology State University

俄罗斯

圣保罗天主政治大学

Pontificia Universidade Católica

de S?o Paulo(PUC-SP)

巴西

比勒陀利亚大学

University of

Pretoria

南非

莫斯科核子研究大学

National

Research Nuclear University MEPhI(Moscow Engineering Physics

Institute)

俄罗斯

东南大学

Southeast University

中国

圣卡洛斯联邦大学

Universidade Federal de S?o

Carlos-(UFSCAR)

巴西

北京交通大学

Beijing Jiaotong

University

中国

吉林大学

Jilin University

中国

圣卡塔琳娜州联邦大学

Universidade Federal de Santa

Catarina

巴西

法国高等经济学院

Higher

School of Economics(HSE)

俄罗斯

华东师范大学

East China Normal

University

中国

约翰内斯堡大学

University of

Johannesburg

南非

华东理工大学

East China University of Science

and Technology

中国

巴拉那联邦大学

Universidade Federal do Paraná

(UFPR)

巴西

大连理工大学

Dalian University of

Technology

中国

上海外国语大学

Shanghai International Studies

University

中国

乌拉尔联邦大学

Ural Federal University named

after Boris Yeltsin

俄罗斯

罗德斯大学

Rhodes University

南非

南部联邦大学

Southern Federal

University

俄罗斯 83

西北工业大学

Northwestern Polytechnical

University

中国

里奥格兰德天主大学

Pontificia Universidade Católica

do Rio Grande do Sul(PUCRS)

巴西

上海财经大学

Shanghai

University of Finance and Economics

中国

国立科技大学

The

National University of Science and Technology “MISiS”

俄罗斯

俄罗斯经济大学

Plekhanov Russian University of

Economics

俄罗斯

贝拿勒斯印度教大学

Banaras Hindu

University

印度

博拉理工学院

Birla Institute of Technology and

Science, Pilani

印度

马尼帕尔大学

Manipal University(Manipal

Academy of Higher Education)

印度

圣彼得堡国立科技大学

Saint Petersburg National

Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and

Optics

俄罗斯

101-110

北京中医药大学

Beijing University of Chinese

Medicine

中国

101-110

湖南大学

Hunan University

中国

101-110

南京理工大学

Nanjing University of Science and

Technology

中国

101-110

中国海洋大学

Ocean University of

China

中国

101-110

卡利卡特大学

University of Calicut

印度

111-120

阿里格尔穆斯林大学

Aligarh Muslim University(AMU)，Aligarh

印度

111-120

国立理工学院鲁尔克拉分校

National Institute of Technology

Rourkela

印度

111-120

彼尔姆国立大学

Perm State University

俄罗斯

111-120

戈亚斯联邦大学

Universidade Federal de

Goiás

巴西

111-120

圣玛丽亚联邦大学德

Universidade Federal de Santa

Maria

巴西

121-130

俄罗斯石油天然气大学

Gubkin Russian State University

of Oil and Gas

俄罗斯

121-130

俄罗斯门捷列夫化工大学

Mendeleyev University of Chemical

Technology of Russia

俄罗斯

121-130

莫斯科国立语言大学

Moscow State Linguistic

University

俄罗斯

121-130

莫斯科国立动力学院

Moscow Power Engineering

Institute

俄罗斯

121-130

达巴伊亚联邦大学

Universidade Federal da

Bahia

巴西

121-130

自由州立大学

University of the Free

State

南非

131-140

华中农业大学

Huazhong Agricultural

University

中国

131-140

莫斯科建筑大学

Moscow

State University of Civil Engineering

俄罗斯

131-140

上海师范大学

Shanghai Normal

University

中国

131-140

马林加州立大学

Universidade Estadual de

Maringà?

巴西

141-150

阿尔泰州立大学

Altai State

University

俄罗斯

141-150

中国矿业大学

China University of Mining and

Technology

中国

141-150

喀山国立研究理工大学

Kazan National Research

Technological University

俄罗斯

141-150

东北大学

Northeastern University

(China)

中国

141-150

马托格罗索联邦大学

UFMT

巴西

141-150

西安电子科技大学

Xidian University

中国

151-200

安得拉大学

Andhra University

印度

151-200

别尔哥罗德州立科技大学

Belgorod State Technological

University

俄罗斯

151-200

巴拉迪大学

Bharathidasan

University

印度

151-200

中国地质大学

China University of

Geosciences

中国

151-200

中国政法大学

China University of Political

Science and Law

中国

151-200

俄罗斯联邦政府财政大学

Financial University under the

Government of the Russian Federation

俄罗斯

151-200

康德波罗的海联邦大学

Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal

University

俄罗斯

151-200

江南大学

Jiangnan University

中国

151-200

喀山国立科技大学

Kazan National Research Technical

University

俄罗斯

151-200

纳尔逊·曼德拉都市大学

Nelson Mandela Metropolitan

University

南非

151-200

西北大学

North-West University

南非

151-200

旁遮普大学

Panjab University

印度

151-200

坎皮纳斯天主大学

Pontificia Universidade Catlica

do Campinas

巴西

151-200

萨马拉国立航空航天大学

Samara State Aerospace

University

俄罗斯

151-200

陕西师范大学

Shaanxi Normal

University

中国

151-200

苏州大学

Soochow University

中国

151-200

西诺斯谷大学

Universidade do Vale do Rio Dos

Sinos

巴西

151-200

帕拉伊巴州联邦大学

Universidade Federal da

Paraíba

巴西

151-200

伊塔茹巴联邦大学

Universidade Federal de

Itajuba

巴西

151-200

欧鲁普雷图联邦大学

Universidade Federal de Ouro

Preto

巴西

151-200

塞阿拉州联邦大学

Universidade Federal do

Cearà?-UFC

巴西

151-200

里约热内卢联邦农业大学

Universidade Federal Rural do Rio

de Janeiro

巴西

151-200

巴拉那州联邦科技大学

Universidade Tecnológica Federal

do Paraná

巴西

151-200

韦洛尔科技大学

VIT University

印度

151-200

西交利物浦大学

Xi’an Jiaotong Liverpool

University

中国