英语专业四级作文常用单词、短语

第一篇：英语专业四级作文常用单词、短语

英语专业四级作文常用单词、短语

一)常用的形容词和副词：

absurd荒唐的 addictive上瘾的 affectionate有感情的 aggressive有上进心的 alert敏锐的;警惕的 arduous费劲的 artistic艺术的 authoritative权威性的 awkward尴尬的 balanced平衡的 cogent使人信服的 cold-blooded冷血的 cold-hearted无情的 compassionate富有同情心的 compatible兼容的 complicated复杂的 confident自信的 contemptible可鄙的 contributive有贡献的 corrupt腐败的 delicious.美味可口的 demanding要求高的 detrimental有害的 devious偏离正道的 dishonorable不光彩的 disturbed受到干扰的 eccentric古怪的 economical经济的 enlightened开明的;文明的 evil邪恶的 exotic异国的 fallacious荒谬的 fashionable时髦的 feasible可行的 fictitious虚假的 flexile灵活多样的 fruitful有成效的 glamorous富有魅力的 gorgeous辉煌的 humane人道的ignorant(of)无视的;无知的 impressive令人印象探刻的 inborn天生的incompatible不调和的;不相容的inconceivable不可思议的 indecent不妥的;不检点的 indifferent冷漠的 indispensable不可或缺的 inexhaustible取之不尽的 infectious传染性的 inferior低人一等的 infirm(身体)弱的 influential有影响力的 inhumane不人道的 initially首先

inquisitive多管闲事的 insalubrious有害无益 instructive 有教育意义的 intellectual智力的 interim中间的;过渡的 interpersonal人际关系的 intimate密切的 inviolable不可侵犯的 inward内在的 irreparable不可挽回的 irresistible不可抵抗的 irritating恼人的 isolated(from)隔绝的 laudable可赞誉的 lavishly大方的 legitimate合法的 loyal忠诚的 luxurious奢侈的 magnanimous宽宏大量的 mature成熟的 misleading误导的misrepresented不如实叙述的 money-oriented向钱看的 multilateral多方面的 nourished有营养的 obscure晦涩的old-fashioned/out of date过时的 palatable美味的 perilous危险的permissive宽容的;许可的 pernicious有害无益的 pornographic色情的 potential潜在的practical实际的;务实的 preferential:优惠的 pressing紧迫的prevailing占主导地位的;流行的 professional专业的 prosperous繁荣昌盛的 prudent明智的 psychological心理上 rational理性的 resentful愤怒的 reverse相反的 rewarding值得的 ridiculous荒谬的 rigid严格的 rough粗略的self-contemptuous自卑的 shabby破旧不堪的 sheltered受保护的 sociable好交际的 sole惟一的 stern/strict严格的 stressful有压力的 stringent严厉的 stylish 时髦的 superficial表面现象的 tempting吸引人的 time-honored久享盛名的 traditional传统的 typical典型的 unadvised轻率的 uncompromising不妥协的 unconcerned冷漠的 uneasy不自在的 unethical不道德的 unfeeling冷漠的 unhealthy不健康的 unified同一标准的 unique独特的 unjust不公平的 unscrupulous肆无忌惮的 unsociable不善于社交的 untimely不和适宜的 unwholesome不健康的 utterly完全;绝对地

（vexing令人烦恼的 vivid形象的 二)常用的名词

abolishment废除 absurdity荒唐;谬论 abuse滥用 achievement成绩 acquaintance熟人 adaptation改写;适应 admiration崇拜

adventures/explorer探险者 adverse impact负面影响 adversity逆境 affection友情/感情 alienation疏远 ambition志向 amusement娱乐 anecdote轶事 apathy冷漠无情 approach鼓掌 architecture建筑 art艺术 assault攻击 assessment评估 association联想;联系 athlete运动员

availability可得到的东西 barrier妨碍 behavior行为 beneficiary受益人 budget预算 burden负担 campaign运动 candidate候选人 capacity能力 celebrity名人 character性格 characteristic特征 charm魅力 clerk职员 cohesion凝聚力 colleague同事 collectivism集体主义 comfort舒适 commercial商业广告 commercialization商业化

voluntary自愿的 vulnerable易受伤害的 commodity商品 companion/partner同伴 conformity一致 consensus同意 consultation咨询 consumption消费 content内容

containment满意;满足 contribution贡献 correlation相关性 costume服装 creativity创造性 criteria条件 cruelty残忍 customer顾客 cyber crime网络犯罪 depression沮丧;低沉 depression剥夺 descendant后代 deterioration恶化 detour绕道

developed countries发达国家 developing countries发展中国家digestion消化吸收 dignity尊严 discipline纪律 discomfort不舒服 discontent不满足 discrimination歧视;区别 disgust反感 disorder，无序状态 disorientation迷失方向感 disposition性格 distraction干扰 diversity多样化;多样性 domain领域

duplication重复(建设)duration耐用 employee雇员 employer雇主 endeavor努力做 enjoyment享受 enthusiasm热情;狂热

well-grounded有充足理由的 wholesome健康的 equality平等 evaluation评价 exception例外 exhibition展览 exploration探险 export出口 favor喜好 feature特点 fidelity忠实 flexibility灵活性 forefather/ancestor祖先 freedom自由 frustration挫折 gallery美术馆 garment服装 goodwill善意 gram雅致 graduate毕业生 guardian监护人 halt停止;终止 hardship艰难险阻 heritage遭产 horizon地平线 hostility敌对 humanity人性 idol偶像 immunity免疫力 import进口 indication迹象 indictment控告 indifference不关心 individuality个性化 industry工业;行业 inequality不平等 infrastructure基础设施 ingenuity独创性 initiative主动性 instruction教导 instructor教师 integrity诚实 intellectual知识分子 intelligence智能 interaction交际

（interference干涉 interpretation解释 intolerance不宽容 intrusiveness干涉 involvement参与 jealousy妒忌 jog慢跑

joint effort共同努力 journalist/correspondent记者 joy/delight欢乐 lack缺乏

landmark标志性建筑;里程碑license执照

life expectancy/life span寿命 literacy读写能力 manufacturer制造商 match匹配 measure侧量;评估 millennium千年 minority少数人 misconduct行为不端 morality道德 motion抗议 muscle肌肉 myopia近视 nationality民族;国籍 norm准则 notion观念;想法 obligation义务 obstacle障碍物 occupation职业 opponent对手 originality独创性 outcome产物 outlook观点;景色 participation参与 pastime消遭 peer同龄人(三)常用动词

abide by/obey/observe遵守 abolish废除 abuse虐待;滥用 accommodate供给;调节 acquire获取 adore崇拜;爱慕 allocate分配

penalty刑罚;处罚 perseverance坚定不移 personality性格 perspective看法 popularity普及;流行 popularization普及 practice做法 precaution防范 prerogative特权 principle原则

profession/occupation职业 proficiency精通 promotion提升 prospect前景 prosperity繁荣 protocol协议 prudence慎重 public opinion舆论 punishment惩罚 purity纯洁性 rebellion反叛 recovery恢复 regression衰退 regulator监控者 reliability可心度 remedy/therapy疗法 remote education远程教育 revenue揭示/表现 revenue总收人 reward奖赏；报酬 rumor/gossip谣言;传闻 satisfaction满足 self-discipline自律

self-respect/self-deem自尊心shortcoming缺点 side-effect副作用 signal信号 skyscraper摩天大楼 alter改变

appeal to/attract吸引 approach对待;处理 approve of赞成 arise出现 across激发 assume承担(责任)

sociologist社会学家 soul灵魂 specialty专业 spelling拼写 status地位 stereotype成见 straightforwardness直率 strain压力；过度劳累 strategy策略 strength实力 stress压力 substance物质 supplement补充 sympathy同情 symptom症状 talent人才 teenager青少年 temper 性情；烦躁 temptation诱惑 threshold开端 tip提示;技巧 tolerance宽容 tragedy悲剧 trait特点 trap陷阱 triviality琐事 troublemaker 捣乱者 uniformity一致 variety多样性;种类 vexation烦恼 victim受害者

vitality/vigor/energy/vim活力；精力void空虚 warmth温暖 weakness缺点 withdrawal退出;撤退 zeal热情

attach赋予;粘上

attain/obtain/acquire获取;得到 attend参加;就读 ban禁止 blue兴旺发达 boon繁荣

bring sb./sth.into full play充分调

动……的积极性

expel排除;开除 censor审查

explore探究 characterize以一为特色 expose揭露

charge收费 give full play to充分发挥 cherish珍视 guarantee保证;担保 claim宣称 hamper妨碍;牵制

coexist共存

hinder/impede/block/hamper 阻coincide with与…相符 碍

collect收集

idealize理想化 commute来回往返于 identify辨认 condemn遭责 ignore无视;不理睬 consult咨询 imitate模仿 contaminate污染 impair危害;伤害

contribute to贡献 impose/confine/place restrictions crack down on打击 on/restrict/limit限制

cultivate培养 incur招致;引发 defy不服从;藐视 inflict承受 degenerate退化 inherit继承 degrade使降级 innovate改革创新 depreciate贬值 invent money in投资

deprive(of)剥夺 install/set up/erect/fix./mount安dessert抛弃 装 detect侦查 lavish浪费 deter阻止 maltreat虐待 deteriorate恶化 maximize最大化 determine决定 minimize使最小化 disclose揭露 mould/build塑造 discourage使气馁 neglect忽视 diversify使多样化 oblige强迫 divert使分心 observe/follow遵从 dominate占优势 overcome克服(困难)drop out退学；放弃 participate参与 eliminate消除 perform履行;表演 endanger危害 please取悦 enlighten启发 preserve保留;保护 enrich丰富 prohibit禁止 entertain招待;娱乐 publicize宣传 evaluate评价 pursue追求 evolve演变 quit放弃 exaggerate夸张 quote引用 exert施加(压力)refine精炼

(四)常用连接词:

(1)表层进

first/firstly/to begin with/further/in the fast place second/secondly/to start with/still/furthermore third/thirdly/what is more/last/last but not least

reflect反映 reform改革 retreat,使恢复 regulate管制;调控 rehabilitate改造 reject剔除 relax修养 release释放 render给予 represent代表 resort to诉诸于深取 restore重建;恢复 restrain约束 retain保留 roam闲逛 sacrifice牺牲 shirk回避 shun回避 signify表示;意味 spoil/indulge宠坏;溺爱spread传播 steer驶向;掌舵 stick to坚持 stimulate刺激 stipulate/set规定 substitute代替 supervise监督 control控制 surpass超过 survive生存 threaten威胁 tolerate忍受 treasure珍视 trigger引发 underestimate低估 undermine危害 unload摆脱负担 vanish消失 wither退化;萎缩 wreck摧毁

also/and/then/next/besides and equally important/too/moreover besides/in addition/finally(2)表转折

by contrast/although/though/yet

at the same time/but/despite the fact that/even so in contrast/nevertheless/even through/for all that notwithstanding/on the contrary/however/in spite of on the other hand/otherwise/instead/still/regardless(3)表因果

therefore/consequently/because of/for the reason thus/hence/due to/owing to

so/according/thanks to/on this account since/as/on that account/in this way for/as a result/as a consequence(4)表让步

still/nevertheless/granted/naturally

in spite of/all the same/of course/despite/even so/after all(5)表递进

furthermore/moreover/likewise/what is more besides/also/not only…but also…/ in addition(6)表举例

for example/for instance/for one thing/that is/to illustrate/as an illustration/a case in point(7)表解释

as a matter of fact/frankly speaking/in this case/namely/in other words(8)表总结

In summary/in a word/thus/as has bear said in brief/in conclusion/altogether/in other words

to conclude/in fact/finally/in simpler terms/indeed/in short/in particular/that is/ in order words/of course/on the whole/to put it differently namely/in all/therefore/to summarize(9)表时间

after a while/afterward again/also and then/as long as besides/earlier eventually/finally formerly/further furthermore/in addition in the first place/in the past last/lately

meanwhile/moreover next/now presently/second shortly/simultaneously since/for far subsequently/then thereafter/too until/until now When

第二篇：英语专业四级作文常用单词(整理版)

英语专业四级作文常用单词、短语 下面列出的是一些应试作文的常用单词、短语。其中的动词、名词和形容词都是 应试作文尤其是议论文写作时应该熟练运用的单词，而适当地运用下面这些短语对提高作文 的措辞水平、提高作文得分大有好处。常用的形容词和副词：

absurd 荒唐的addictive 上瘾的affectionate 有感情的aggressive 有上进心的alert 敏锐的;警惕的 arduous 费劲的 artistic 艺术的authoritative 权威性的awkward 尴尬的balanced平衡的cogent 使人信服的cold-blooded 冷血的

cold-hearted 无情的 compatible 兼容的complicated 复杂的compassionate 富有同情心的 confident 自信的 contemptible 可鄙的 contributive 有贡献的corrupt 腐败的delicious.美味可口的demanding 要求高的detrimental 有害的 devious 偏离正道的 dishonorable 不光彩的 disturbed 受到干扰的 ccentric 古怪的economical 经济的 evil 邪恶的exotic 异国的enlightened 开明的;文明的fallacious 荒谬的fashionable 时髦的feasible 可行的 fictitious 虚假的flexile 灵活多样的 fruitful 有成效的 glamorous 富有魅力的 gorgeous 辉煌的humane 人道的

incompatible 不调和的;不相容的mpressive 令人印象探刻的 ignorant(of)无视的;无知的 inborn 天生的 inconceivable 不可思议的 indecent 不妥的;不检点的indifferent 冷漠的infectious 传染性的indispensable 不可或缺的inexhaustible 取之不尽的inferior 低人一等的 infirm(身体)弱的influential 有影响力的 inhumane 不人道的 inquisitive 多管闲事的 initially 首先

insalubrious 有害无益

instructive 有教育意义的 intellectual 智力的

interim 中间的;过渡的interpersonal 人际关系的intimate 密切的 inviolable 不可侵犯的inward 内在的 Irreparable 不可挽回的irresistible 不可抵抗的 irritating 恼人的isolated(from)隔绝的laudable 可赞誉的lavishly 大方的 legitimate 合法的 loyal 忠诚的luxurious 奢侈的 magnanimous 宽宏大量的 mature 成熟的

misleading 误导的 money-oriented 向钱看的multilateral 多方面的 misrepresented 不如实叙述的 nourished 有营养的obscure 晦涩的 palatable 美味的old-fashioned/out of date 过时的 perilous 危险的 permissive 宽容的;许可的 pernicious 有害无益的 pornographic 色情的 potential 潜在的 practical 实际的;务实的preferential:优惠的 pressing 紧迫的

professional 专业的prosperous 繁荣昌盛的 prudent 明智的 prevailing 占主导地位的;流行的 psychological 心理上 rational 理性的resentful 愤怒的reverse 相反的rewarding 值得的ridiculous 荒谬的rigid 严格的 rough 粗略的

shabby 破旧不堪的sheltered 受保护的 sociable 好交际的self-contemptuous 自卑的 sole 惟一的stern/strict 严格的stressful 有压力的stringent 严厉的

stylish 时髦的superficial 表面现象的tempting 吸引人的 time-honored 久享盛名的 traditional 传统的 typical 典型的 unadvised 轻率的uncompromising 不妥协的 unconcerned 冷漠的 uneasy 不自在的 unethical 不道德的 unfeeling 冷漠的 unhealthy 不健康的unified 同一标准的unwholesome 不健康的unjust 不公平的

utterly 完全;绝对地

unscrupulous 肆无忌惮的 unsociable 不善于社交的untimely 不和适宜的unique 独特的vexing 令人烦恼的 voluntary 自愿的 vulnerable 易受伤害的

vivid 形象的 well-grounded 有充足理由的 abolishment 废除

wholesome 健康的 常用的名词 absurdity 荒唐;谬论 abuse 滥用

achievement 成绩

acquaintance 熟人

admiration 崇拜

adaptation 改写;适应

adventures/explorer 探险者

adverse impact 负面影响 adversity 逆境

affection 友情/感情

alienation 疏远

ambition 志向 amusement 娱乐

anecdote 轶事

apathy冷漠无情

approach 鼓掌 architecture 建筑

association 联想;联系

assault 攻击

assessment 评估 athlete 运动员

art 艺术

availability 可得到的东西

barrier 妨碍 behavior 行为

beneficiary 受益人

budget 预算

burden 负担

campaign 运动

candidate 候选人

capacity 能力

celebrity 名人

character 性格

characteristic 特征

charm 魅力

clerk 职员 cohesion 凝聚力

colleague 同事

collectivism 集体主义

comfort 舒适

commercial 商业广告

commercialization 商业化

commodity 商品

companion/partner 同伴 conformity 一致

consensus 同意

consultation 咨询

consumption 消费 content 内容

containment 满意;满足

contribution 贡献

correlation 相关性

costume 服装

creativity 创造性

criteria 条件

cruelty 残忍 customer 顾客

cyber crime 网络犯罪

depression 沮丧;低沉

depression 剥夺

descendant 后代

deterioration 恶化

digestion 消化吸收

dignity 尊严

discomfort 不舒服

discontent 不满足

disorder，无序状态

disorientation 迷失方向感 diversity 多样化;多样性 domain 领域

employee 雇员

employer 雇主

enthusiasm 热情;狂热

equality平等

exhibition 展览

exploration 探险

feature 特点

fidelity 忠实

freedom 自由

frustration 挫折

goodwill 善意

gram 雅致

halt 停止;终止

hardship 艰难险阻

hostility 敌对

humanity 人性

import 进口

indication 迹象

individuality 个性化

industry 工业;行业

ingenuity 独创性

initiative 主动性

integrity 诚实

intellectual 知识分子

interference 干涉

interpretation 解释

involvement 参与

jealousy 妒忌

joy/delight 欢乐

lack 缺乏

literacy 读写能力

manufacturer 制造商

measure 侧量;评估

millennium 千年

misconduct 行为不端

morality 道德

myopia近视

nationality 民族;国籍

obligation 义务

obstacle 障碍物

originality 独创性

outcome 产物

pastime 消遭

peer 同龄人

personality 性格

perspective 看法

practice 做法

precaution 防范

proficiency 精通

promotion 提升

prosperity 繁荣

protocol 协议

punishment 惩罚

purity 纯洁性

regression 衰退

regulator 监控者

revenue 揭示/表现

revenue 总收人

rumor/gossip 谣言;传闻 satisfaction 满足

detour 绕道

developed countries 发达国家

discipline 纪律

developing countries 发展中国家

discrimination 歧视;区别 disgust 反感

disposition 性格

distraction 干扰

duplication 重复(建设)

duration 耐用

endeavor 努力做

enjoyment 享受

evaluation 评价

exception 例外

export 出口

favor 喜好

flexibility 灵活性

forefather/ancestor 祖先

gallery 美术馆

garment 服装

graduate 毕业生

guardian 监护人

heritage 遭产

horizon 地平线

idol 偶像

immunity 免疫力

indictment 控告

indifference 不关心

inequality 不平等

infrastructure 基础设施

instruction 教导

instructor 教师

intelligence 智能

interaction 交际

intolerance 不宽容

intrusiveness 干涉

jog 慢跑

joint effort 共同努力

license 执照

landmark 标志性建筑;里程碑

match 匹配

journalist/correspondent 记者

minority 少数人

life expectancy/life span 寿命

motion 抗议

muscle 肌肉

norm 准则

notion 观念;想法

occupation 职业

opponent 对手 outlook 观点;景色

participation 参与

penalty 刑罚;处罚

perseverance 坚定不移 popularity 普及;流行

popularization 普及 prerogative 特权

principle 原则

prospect 前景

profession/occupation 职业 prudence 慎重

public opinion 舆论 rebellion 反叛

recovery 恢复

reliability 可心度

remedy/therapy 疗法

reward 奖赏；报酬

remote education 远程教育 self-discipline 自律

self-respect/self-deem 自尊心

shortcoming 缺点

side-effect 副作用

signal 信号

skyscraper 摩天大楼 sociologist 社会学家

soul 灵魂

specialty 专业

spelling 拼写

status 地位

stereotype 成见

straightforwardness 直率

strain 压力；过度劳累 strategy 策略

strength 实力

stress 压力

substance 物质 supplement 补充

sympathy 同情

symptom 症状

talent 人才 teenager 青少年

temper 性情；烦躁

temptation 诱惑

threshold 开端 tip 提示;技巧

tolerance 宽容

tragedy 悲剧

trait 特点

trap 陷阱

triviality 琐事

troublemaker 捣乱者

uniformity 一致

variety 多样性;种类 vexation 烦恼

victim 受害者

vitality/vigor/energy/vim 活力；精力 void 空虚

warmth 温暖

weakness 缺点

withdrawal 退出;撤退 zeal 热情 常用动词abide by/obey/observe 遵守

abolish 废除

abuse 虐待;滥用

acquire 获取

adore 崇拜;爱慕

allocate 分配

accommodate 供给;调节 alter 改变

appeal to/attract 吸引

approach 对待;处理

approve of 赞成 arise 出现

across 激发

assume 承担(责任)

attach 赋予;粘上

attend 参加;就读

ban 禁止

blue 兴旺发达

boon 繁荣

censor 审查

characterize 以一为特色

charge 收费

attain/obtain/acquire 获取;得到 bring sb./sth.into full play 充分调动……的积极性

impose/confine/place restrictions on/restrict/limit 限制 cherish 珍视

claim 宣称

coexist 共存

coincide with 与…相符 collect 收集

commute 来回往返于

condemn 遭责

consult 咨询

contaminate 污染

contribute to 贡献

crack down on 打击

cultivate 培养 defy 不服从;藐视

degenerate 退化

degrade 使降级

depreciate 贬值 deprive(of)剥夺

dessert 抛弃

detect 侦查

deter 阻止

deteriorate 恶化

determine 决定

disclose 揭露

discourage 使气馁 diversify 使多样化

divert 使分心

dominate 占优势

drop out 退学；放弃 eliminate 消除

endanger 危害

enlighten 启发

enrich 丰富 entertain 招待;娱乐 evaluate 评价

evolve 演变

exaggerate 夸张 exert 施加(压力)

expel 排除;开除

explore 探究

expose 揭露

hamper 妨碍;牵制

guarantee 保证;担保

give full play to 充分发挥

hinder/impede/block/hamper 阻碍 idealize 理想化

identify 辨认

ignore 无视;不理睬

imitate 模仿 impair 危害;伤害

incur 招致;引发

inflict 承受

inherit 继承 innovate 改革创新 invent money in 投资

install/set up/erect/fix./mount 安装

lavish 浪费

maltreat 虐待

maximize 最大化

minimize 使最小化 mould/build 塑造

neglect 忽视

oblige 强迫

observe/follow 遵从 participate 参与

perform 履行;表演

please 取悦

overcome 克服(困难)

preserve 保留;保护prohibit 禁止

publictze 宣传

pursue 追求 quit 放弃

quote 引用

refine 精炼

reflect 反映

reform 改革

retreat,使恢复

regulate 管制;调控

rehabilitate 改造 reject 剔除

relax 修养

release 释放

render 给予 represent 代表

resort to 诉诸于深取

restore 重建;恢复

restrain 约束 retain 保留

roam 闲逛

sacrifice 牺牲

shirk 回避

shun 回避

signify 表示;意味

spoil/indulge 宠坏;溺爱

spread 传播 steer 驶向;掌舵

stick to 坚持

stimulate 刺激

stipulate/set 规定 substitute 代替

supervise 监督

control 控制

surpass 超过

survive 生存

threaten 威胁

tolerate 忍受

treasure 珍视 trigger 引发

underestimate 低估

undermine 危害

unload 摆脱负担

vanish 消失

wither 退化;萎缩

wreck 摧毁

常用连接词:

(1)表层进 first / firstly / to begin with / further / in the fast place second / secondly / to start with / still /

furthermore third / thirdly / what is more / last / last but not least / also / and / then / next / besides and equally important / too / moreover besides / in addition / finally

(2)表转折 by contrast / although / though / yet / at the same time / but / despite the fact that / even so in contrast / nevertheless / even through / for all that notwithstanding / on the contrary / however / in spite of / on the other hand / otherwise / instead / still / regardless

(3)表因果 therefore / consequently / because of / for the reason thus / hence / due to / owing to so / according / thanks to / on this account since / as / on that account / in this way for / as a result / as a consequence

(4)表让步 still / nevertheless / granted / naturally in spite of / all the same / of course / despite / even so / after all(5)表递进 furthermore / moreover / likewise / what is more besides / also / not only…but also… / in addition(6)表举例 for example / for instance / for one thing / that is / to illustrate / as an illustration / a case in point(7)表解释 as a matter of fact / frankly speaking / in this case / namely / in other words

(8)表总结 In summary / in a word / thus / as has bear said in brief / in conclusion / altogether /

in other words to conclude / in fact / finally / in simpler terms / indeed / in short / in particular / that is / in order words / of course / on the whole / to put it differently namely / in all / therefore / to summarize(9)表时间 after a while / afterward again / also and then / as long as besides / earlier eventually / finally formerly / further

furthermore / in addition / in the first place / in the past last / lately meanwhile / moreover next / now presently / second shortly / simultaneously since / for far subsequently / then thereafter / too until / until now When 1

第三篇：单词短语

单词

1.birthday n.生日：Happy birthday to you!2.party n.①聚会：I enjoyed myself very much at the party.我在聚会中过得十分愉快。

②政党，党派：the ruling party执政党

【考点】have a party举行宴会；at the party在宴会上。

【引申】Party member党员；birthday party生日宴会；farewell party欢送会；welcome party迎新会；the party line党的政策方针。

3.trip n.旅行，远足

【考点】辨析trip和journey：trip指休闲或因商务而进行的短程旅行，通常含有会回到出发地之意，口语中可与journey互换；journey指陆海空旅行，并且是有预定地点的长途旅行。Have a good trip.旅行愉快。

4.January n.一月，正月(略写为Jan.)【记忆法】1月跨越旧年与新年，罗马神话中有两个面孔能同时看前后的门神Janus，因此得名。

5.February n.二月(略写为Feb.)6.March n.三月(略写为Mar.)7.April n.四月(略写为Apr.)【引申】April Fool’s Day愚人节(每年的四月一日)。8.May/mei/n.五月 9.June n.六月(略写为Jun.)【记忆法】由罗马神话中婚姻女神朱诺Juno而得名。【引申】June bride六月新娘。10.July n.七月(略写为Jul.)【记忆法】由于罗马将军尤里乌斯·凯撒Julius Caesar生于七月，而得名。11.August n.八月(略写为Aug.)【引申】此词源自罗马第一位皇帝奥古斯都Augustus的名字。12.September

n.九月(略写为Sept.)【记忆法】September源自拉丁文的“7”sept，在早期的罗马历中为7月，后因历法的修正而成为9月。

13.October n.十月(略写为Oct.)14.November n.十一月(略写为Nov.)15.December n.十二月(略写为Dec.)16.school n.学校

【考点】after school放学后：He didn’t go home after school.他放学后没有回家。

at school在求学，在上学：

My sisters are still at school.我的妹妹们还在上学。

go to school上学：He goes to school by bike everyday.他每天骑自行车上学。primary school小学；

begin(start)school开始求学； leave school退学；

stay away from school旷课。【引申】

schoolbag n.书包； schoolboy n.男生； schoolgirl n.女生； schoolmaster n.男教师； school-leaver学校毕业生； school year学年； school age就学年龄。

第四篇：英语专业四级作文

英语专业四级作文范文

1.How to Keep Fit

A healthy body is very important to every one of us.When you are sick, you feel painful all over your body, have no energy to work;and the only thing you want to do is lying on the bed.When you are healthy, you can eat well, sleep well, sing and jump happily, do all the things you like to enjoy life.The methods to keep us fit vary.In the morning, you can get up early, go outdoors, breathe the fresh air, and do physical exercises.Running and swimming are extremely helpful to keep one fit.If you are a busy person and have no special time allocated to do these things, there are still some ways useful for to keep fit.The easiest way is to walk to your office instead of riding a bike or taking a bus.You also have to take a routine physical checkordinate the different parts of our bodies when we have sports.For example, we must try our best to co-ordinate the movements of the arms and legs when we play basketball, or we won't be able to shoot the basket.Exercise also benefits our organs.It lets the heart beat faster than usual, and then helps enlarge the blood vessels to protect us from heart attacks.Exercise can also contribute to the development of our ability to response agilely.For instance, when you play table-tennis, you must try to reflect as quickly as you can so

that you may fight back at the right position at the fight moment.Exercise can also contribute to improving our mood.When you do exercise, you move a lot, and you have to be more active.It helps you become more optimistic.Exercise will fill your life with various contents and make it more colorful.What's more, exercise will help you get rid of your inertia.If you keep doing exercise regularly, you will never be a lazy person.Therefore, exercise has great effect on one's character.In a word, exercise is helpful, important and absolutely necessary.16.Crisis

Crisis is to our life what illness is to our body.Just as fatal disease can destroy our body and sometimes even put an end to our lives, so does smashing crisis knock us down so hopelessly that we might never have chance of standing up again.However, most crises that frequent us in life are not such category.They, like occasional ailments which sometimes can bolster our body's immune system, are mostly minor and surmountable and therefore making us hardy enough to survive whatever adversities in our later life.Even those serious crises, if handled properly, can be turned to a blessing to us, too.As far as a nation is concerned, crisis can be rendered beneficial.Take Wenchuan earthquake which shook most of Sichuan recently for example.The crisis has cost us Chinese a lot.Houses collapsed, bridges broke down and many affected areas were cut off from the outside world.Nearly a million people lost their homes, ten thousands of people were injured and another ten thousands of people were killed.But our sufferings won't go in vain.Scientists are more determined to improve the means by which we forecast earthquakes with more accuracy.We should build houses which can survive the destructive earthquakes.And we also should better the mechanism to face the emergencies and crisis.As for economic life, crises are not always rendered bad.During these times, we can stop the race of fast economy to speculate about some fundamental issues of humanity such as how much high-speed development in this way can contribute to the well-being of human life.Just take my own country for instance.Of course, in the past two decades or so, our economy has gained the highest speed man has experienced.But haven't we paid too much? Our rivers are polluted.Our natural resources are shrinking.Our national power of creation is drained.Is it worthy of it? Isn't it high time we gave it a serious thought? Shouldn't we stop making ourselves long in quantity and short in quality? And chance of deep thought has come with this crisis, which is now deepening in most parts of the world.Crisis sometimes contributes to our life treasure in a way that few can imagine.It can weather us and make us strong enough to face ourselves when we feel weak.Eric, my uncle is a case in point.He had hard time in his childhood going through such a fatal disease that he had never thought he could survive.He was in due course saved by doctors.Ever since then he regarded his life as a second given by God and has been so grateful to the world that he has been doing whatever he can to give back in the same measure to other fellows.And now he is living a happy and successful life.As a well-known ancient Chinese notion goes, the past lessons if not forgotten can be good teachers for us all.If we can bear in mind the various sufferings and ordeals we have experienced, then our sufferings will not go unrewarded and those of our compatriots who was killed in the earthquake did not die in vain.We should take the lessons from crisis and regard them as a chance for new growth.17.Buying or Borrowing Books?

Books are close friends of humanity.They can arm us with knowledge and information we need to make success of life.Through books we can obtain skills and techniques for survival and development.Through books we can enlighten our spirits and live a fuller life.There are generally two ways in which we can have access to books: borrowing or buying.While millions are borrowing books, I still think buying them best suits me and gives me the greatest enjoyment.Admittedly, there are a few merits for borrowing books.For one thing, borrowing books can save us huge amounts of money.And of course, with the money saved we can do other more worthy things.And also, as we borrow books from the library and friends, we normally have deadline to finish them, and consequently we can read more books in a limited time.And we can, above all, better our efficiency of our reading, just as a famous Chinese saying goes, “books can not be read unless borrowed.”

However, some advantages for buying books are more obvious and compelling.One of them, definitely not shared by the choice of borrowing books, is the abundance of freedom that buying books can offer us.Since we can keep the books as long as we wish, we can read as much as we want.Another strength of owing books is that we can take whatever notes on the margin of the pages of the books.And finally, the process of selecting and keeping books can be a great fun that borrowing books can by no means offer.While borrowing books can, to some extent, quench our thirst for knowledge, buying books gives us greater pleasure of selecting and keeping the best of the world treasure.Can we think of any thing else more delightful and rewarding?

18.TV—Blessing or Curse?

Few things in the modern world have so much influence on people as the television does.Being besieged with TV news, absorbing teleplays, well-masterminded programmes, one can easily conclude that TV is a real blessing to the human society, offering affluent entertainment and information.Yet, convenient and helpful as it is, the television also brings negative effects.To begin with, TV makes people more passive than before: since everything on TV is ready-made, there is no space for audience’s initiatives.The news has been carefully edited, teleplays well shot, programmes rehearsed, so all you need to do—and all you can do is to sit on a comfortable sofa and look at the screen.Though a lot of people enjoy doing this, the undoubted truth is that people are becoming more passive simply because there is no interaction and no efforts on them.Television also contributes to the fact that people nowadays are more distant to each other.Since most of our free time is taken away by the act of watching TV, we can no longer find enough time to visit friends, call on relatives or go to interesting places.This is also true within a family, parents and children and other members are less close to each other, because family get-togethers and conversations are disturbed by TV—when one member is watching TV, he would like others to keep quiet.Of course I am not denying the great conveniences and huge benefits the TV brings us, but to make it a really blessing to us, we should try to avoid its negative effects.

第五篇：水电英语专业单词

abutment;坝肩，桥墩，支座，拱坐，支墩 intrados;内弧面 active earthquake fault;活断层 inverted siphon;倒虹吸 active storage capacity;活库容，有效库容 irrigation supply sluice;灌溉进水闸 adit;平洞 isotropic material;各向同性材料 aeration;通风 jetty;防波堤, 码头 afflux 汇流，流向 joint filler;嵌缝料 afterbay dam;尾水池坝，二道坝 landform;地形，地貌 aggregate;骨料 landslide;山崩, 崩塌的泥石 alignment;定线 leakage;泄漏, 渗漏 appurtenance;附属物 levee;防洪堤 appurtenance;附属物 liquefaction;液化 apron;护坦，liquefiable;易液化的 aqueduct;渡槽 lithology;岩性 arch dam;拱坝 load combination;载荷补偿，负载力补偿 as-built geology drawing 竣工地形图 logway;筏道 barrage;堰坝 longevity;耐久性 bed load;推移质泥沙 main gate;主闸门 bedding layer;垫层 malfunction diagnosing;故障分析 bedrock;基岩，基础 massive-head buttress dam;大头坝 borrow area;采料场 meteorological data;气象学数据 breakwater;防波堤、放浪堤 morning glory spillway;喇叭花式溢洪道 broad-crested weir;宽顶堰 multi-arch dam;连拱坝 bulkhead gate;检修闸门，堵水闸门 ogee spillway;反弧形溢洪道 bulkhead;防水壁 open channel spillway;明渠式溢洪道 buttress dam;支墩坝 orifice;孔, 口 canal head works;渠道首部工程 orthographic projection;正射投影 canvass;详细调查 oscillatory nature 振动性 canyon;峡谷, 溪谷 overflow section;溢流坝段 catastrophe;灾害，事故 overflow spillway;溢洪道 cavitation;气穴现象 overhaul;大修 central angle;中心角 peak flood flow;洪峰，洪峰流量 central core dam;心墙坝 penstock;压力管道 chute spillway;泄槽式溢洪道 perimetric joint;周边缝 civil engineering;土木工程 permeability;渗透性 coefficient of thermal expansion;热膨胀系数 petroleum;石油 cofferdam;围堰 placed-rock;干砌块石 collector pipe;集水管 plunge pool;跌水池，消力塘 commissioning;试运转 Poisson’s ratio;泊松比 compacted rockfill;碾压堆石 pore pressure 孔隙压力 conduit and tunnel spillway;管道和隧道式溢洪道 precipitation;降水量 conduit;管道, 导管, 沟渠, prefabricated structural element;预置结构单元 configuration;结构 preliminary phase;初步阶段，初相 consolidation grouting;固结灌浆 pseudo-static force;拟静力 construction gate;建筑闸门 quarry;采石场 contour;等高线 rainfall intensity;降雨强度 corrosion-resistant;抗腐蚀性，耐蚀力 reconnaissance;勘测 counterbalance gate;反平衡闸门 recurring stream;循环水 crown cantilever;拱冠梁 reservoir;水库, 蓄水池 culvert;涵洞 retaining wall;挡土墙，挡水墙 curtain grouting;帷幕灌浆 revetment 护岸工程 curvature;曲率 ridge;山脊，波峰，隆起线 dam site;坝址 river diversion;导流，河流