第一篇:英语商务合同:使用近义词和成对词
英语商务合同:使用近义词和成对词
来源:爱思英语学习网
英语合同的规范性还表现在近义词、成对词的使用。合同语言用词造句必须十分准确、严谨。同时,为了追求语意确切、论证周详,合同中常出现近义词、成对词并列使用的现象,这种表达的目的是使合同条款更加严密,表述更加准确,尽最大可能地避免歧义和疏漏,有的也属于合同用语的固定模式。同义词或近义词的并列结构是由or或and 连接。其作用通常会使包括的内容更全面,也更具弹性。
这些词涉及介词、动词、名词和形容词等词类,例如:by and between(由),for and in consideration of(考虑到,鉴于),for and on behalf of(为了,代表),save and except(除了),in full force and effect(生效),furnish and provide(提供),make and enter into(达成),release and discharge(弃权,让渡),fulfill or perform(履行),procure and ensure(保证和确保),force and effect(效力),right and interest(权益),power and authority(权利),covenants and agreements(契约),terms and conditions(条款),goods and chattels(个人动产,有形动产),customs fees and duties(关税),losses and damages(丢失及损毁),complaints and claims(投诉及索赔),null and void(失效,无效),sole and exclusive(唯一且排他的),final and conclusive(最终及具决定性的),transferable or assignable(可转让的)等。
这些词表示固定的意义,使用和翻译时不能随意拆开。这种词汇并列使用主要有两个目的:一是通过两个或多个词汇的共同含义来限定其唯一词义,从而排除了由于一次多义可能产生的歧义,体现合同的严谨;二是通过两个或多个词语的并列来体现合同的正式。例如:
1.This agreement is made and entered into on April 16, 2007 by and between Party A and Party B.(本合约由甲方和乙方于2007年4月16日达成。)该句中“made and entered into”和“by and between”两组分别属于近义词和相关词并列。
2.On the expiry of the validity term of contract, the contract shall
automatically become null and void.(有效期满后,本合同自动失效)该句中两个意思相近的形容词null and void并列。
3.This Contract shall be subject to the terms and conditions in the Sales Confirmation signed by both parties hereto.更多信息请关注外语站点。
第二篇:英语商务合同怎么写
英语商务合同怎么写?
1、本合同用英文和中文两种文字写成,一式四份。双方执英文本和中文本各一式两份,两种文字具有同等效力。
The contract is made out in English and Chinese languages in quadruplicate, both texts being equally authentic, and each Party shall hold two copies of each text.2、本合同由双方代表于1999年12月9日签订。合同签订后,由各方分别向本国政府当局申请批准,以最后一方的批准日期为本合同的生效日期,双方应力争在60天内获得批准,用电传通知对方,并用信件确认。若本合同自签字之日起,6个月仍不能生效,双方有权解除本合同。
This contract is signed by the authorized representatives of both parties on Dec.9, 1999.After signing the contract, both parties shall apply to their respective Government Authorities for ratification.The date of ratification last obtained shall be taken as the effective date of the Contract.Both parties shall exert their utmost efforts to obtain the ratification within 60 days and shall advise the other party by telex and thereafter send a registered letter for confirmation.3、本合同有效期从合同生效之日算起共10年,有效期满后,本合同自动失效。
The contract shall be valid for 10 years from the effective date of the contract, on the expiry of the validity term of contract, the contract shall automatically become null and void.4、本合同期限届满时,双方发生的未了债权和债务不受合同期满的影响,债务人应向债权人继续偿付未了债务。
The outstanding(未了的)claims and liabilities(债权和债务)existing between both parties on the expiry of the validity of the contract shall not be influenced by the expiration of this contract.The debtor shall be kept liable until the debtor fully pays up his debts to the creditor.附上商务英语常用词汇
Agreement and contract(协议与合同)
agency agreement 代理协议
agreement on general terms and conditions on business
一般经营交易条件的协议
agreement on loan facilities up to a given amount商定借款协议
agreement fixing price共同定价协议
agreement on import licensing procedure 进口许可证手续协议
agreement on reinsurance 分保协议
agreement to resell 转售协议
bilateral agreement 双边协议
bilateral trade agreement 双边贸易协议
commercial agreement 商业协定
compensation trade agreement 补偿贸易协议
distributorship agreement 销售协议
exclusive distributorship agreement 独家销售协议
guarantee agreement 担保协议
international trade agreement 国际贸易协议
joint venture agreement 合营协议
licensing agreement 许可证协议
loan agreement 贷款协议
management agreement 经营管理协议
multilateral trade agreement 多边贸易协议
operating agreement 经营协议
partnership agreement 合伙契约
supply agreement 供货合同
trade agreement 贸易协议
written contract 书面协议
ad referendum contract 暂定合同
agency contract 代理合同
barter contract 易货合同
binding contract 有约束力合
blank form contact 空白合同
commercial contract 商业合同
compensation trade contact 补偿贸易合同
cross licence contract 互换许可证合同
exclusive licence contract 独家许可证合同
Ex contract 由于合同
Export contract 出口合同
Firm sale contact 确定的销售合同
Formal contract 正式合同
Forward contract 期货合同
Illegal contract 非法合同
Import contract 进口合同
Indirect contract 间接合同
Installment contract 分期合同
International trade contract 国际贸易合同
第三篇:英语商务合同常识
英语商务合同常识格式固定
格式问题,一般原则是客从主人。应用文体的许多格式,都是沿用已久的,具有相对固定的含义,同业见之,照此办理,节省时间,没有必要标新立异。如英文外贸信函中的结尾套语,在大多数场合,使用 “yours faithfully”或 “yours sincerely”就足够了。合同的开头往往都十分相似的,比如:
This contract is made and entered into this__day of__, one thousand nine hundred __by and between__ Co., at--(hereinafter referred to as party A)and __ Co., at__(hereinafter referred to as party B).本合同于19__年__月__日由__公司,地址:__(以下简称甲方)与__公司,地址:__(以下简称乙方)签订。语体庄重
应用文体,虽有平易化的趋势,但除少数体式外(如广告),总的说来,措辞简明、庄重,属于正式书面语体,翻译时应避免使用口语词语。酌情使用文言虚词及其它书面词语,往往可以起到言简意赅的效果,也可以改善长句的分、接问题。
现代汉语应用文体习用语 现代汉语普通话用语
即(连词;副词)也就是;立刻、马上
兹、现、今(副词)现在
均、皆、概(副词)都、全
本(代词)我们、这个
如(连词)如果
之(助词)的(用于名词性偏正结构中)
未(副词)没有
至(介词)到
系(动词)是
业已(副词)已经
此处(代词、形容词)这里
一味(副词)(无对应词)
与否(助词)(位于肯定的动词或形容词后,“X与否”,相当于“X不X”)
以上只是部分词语,旨在引起学习者注意,请看下面一些译例:
1)We should appreciate a prompt reply.如蒙即复,不胜感激。
2)On condition that your order is more than 2 000 tons, we are prepared to offer special price of US $9.10 per set, a 5% discount.如定购2 000吨以上,我方准备特价报盘,每套9.10美元,即给5%的折扣
3)This is to certify that the English translated copy attached hereto is in conformity with the Chinese original copy.兹证明,英文译本与中文正本内容相符。
4)In reply to your inquiry of 25th March, we are pleased to offer you the following:
现函复贵方3月25日询价,并报盘如下:
5)This Contract shall come into force from the date of execution hereof by the Buyer and the Builder.本合同自买方和建造方签约之日生效。
6)According to the terms agreed upon, we have drawn on you at sight against shipment through Bank of China here.We would ask you to protect the draft upon presentation.根据双方协议条款,我们已开具了这批船货的即期汇票,通过此处中国银行转去,请见票即付。
在英文的法律文件和商贸信函中,也有一套惯用的词语。这些词语,虽“言之无物”,但酌情使用,能给人一种正式文书的持重感。
现代英语应用文体习用语 现代英语普通话用语
hereby(adv.)by this means
herein(adv.)in this
hereof(adv.)of, or concerning this
hereto(adv.)to this
herewith(adv.)with this
whereby(adv.)by which
7)The undersigned hereby certifies that the goods to be supplied are produced in Japan.下述签署人兹保证,供货将在日本国内制造。
8)please find herein a list of chemicals available at present.附寄目前可供化工产品货单一纸,请查收。
9)This Contract is made by and between the Buyer and the Sel
ler, whereby the Buyer agrees to buy and the Seller agrees to sell the under-mentioned commodity according to the terms and conditions stipulated below.买卖双方同意按下列条款购买、出售下述商品,并签订本合同。
10)中国__公司与__国__公司遵照《中华人民共和国中外合资经营法》及有关法律的规定,本着平等互利的原则, 同意共同投资兴办合资经营企业, 兹签订本合同.In accordance with the stipulations of “The Law of the people’s Republic of China on Joint Ventures Using Chinese and Foreign Investment” and other related laws and rules, and on the basis of equality and mutual benefit, __ of the people’s Republic of China(pRC)and __ of __ , both agree to establish a Joint Venture Enterprise with joint investment and hereby sign this contract.应用文体, 汉语和英语, 其习语都各成系统。从上面的译例看,似乎汉语中的“兹”相当于英语中的 “hereby”。事实上,在英汉互译中,这两个词并非能处处对号入座,其它的词更是如此。这些习语的使用,与其说是 “句意”的要求,不如说是“文体”的要求。因此,根据各自语言表达的需要,有时可适当增译,如例3)增译了 “兹”,例4)增译了“现”;有时又宜省译,如例9)省译了 “whereby”。措辞婉约
俗话说:“和气生财。”(www.xiexiebang.com)这是生意人的金科玉律。因此,英语外贸信函等应用文体,措辞十分讲究分寸、得体,避免刺激对方,即使是向对方抱怨,甚至索赔,也是彬彬有礼,十分婉转。请看下面的例子,注意划线部分:
1)We wish to advise you that the relative L/C has been established.兹通知,有关信用证业已开出。
2)I’m afraid we can’t accept your counterbid.很抱歉,我们无法接受你方还盘。
3)I’m afraid we can’t come to terms if you won’t give us 3% discount.如果不给3%的折扣,我们恐怕很难成交。
4)We are looking forward to the pleasure of hearing from you again soon
.盼早日收到你方回复。
5)Your immediate attention would be appreciated.请即办理为荷。
6)You must deliver the goods on board the S.S.“East Wind” within the time limit as stipulated in our contract, otherwise dead freight, if any, should be borne by you.你方必须按合同规定的期限将货装上 “东风轮”,否则,空舱费将由你方负责。
7)We are pleased to inform you that goods have been dispatched today.货物今日业已启运,特此奉告。
8)We are interested in discussing arts and crafts business with you.我们有意与你们洽谈工艺品业务。
9)We are glad to learn from your letter of 21 October that you have decided to place a large order for a number of items included in our quotation of 11 October.从10月21日来函欣悉,贵公司决定按我公司10月11日报价单大量定购我公司多种产品。
10)We might say that our products are the very best on the market.顺便奉告,我方产品在市场上独占鳌头。
11)We presume that there must be some reason for your having trouble with this article.我方产品给你们带来麻烦,谅必事出有因。
类似例子,举不胜举,希望引起注意。上面的译文,虽非“标准”答案,但仔细对照,我们可以悟出一些翻译原理。比如例1),如果逐词译出: “我们愿告诉你有关信用证已开出”,就会不伦不类,让人啼笑皆非。因此,在英汉互译时,遇上类似的语句,必须注意增减变通,以期与译语语体相吻合。
此外,汉语的应用文体,还有一套敬语,在英汉互译时要注意灵活转换。行文严谨
应用文体属记实性文体,行文准确、严谨是其一大特色。试看下面一段文
章:
付款条件:
Terms of payment:
(1)离岸价条款:
a.按合同规定卖方应在装运之前30天用电报或函件通知买方合同号码、品名、数量、价值、箱号、毛重、尺寸及可在发运港口交货,以便买方订舱。
(1)In case of F.O.B.Terms
a.The Seller shall, 30 days before the date of shipment stipulated in the contract, advise the Buyer by cable / letter of the Contract NO., commodity, quantity, value, number of package, gross weight, measurement and the date of readiness at the port of shipment for the Buyer to book shipping space.b.卖方对运货船抵达后由于未能按期将货物运交装运港口而造成的误船或滞留装运应承担责任。
b.The Seller shall be liable for any dead freight or demurrage(逾期费), should it happen that he has failed to have the commodity ready for loading after the carrying vessel has arrived at the port of shipment on time.c.在货物装运之前,卖方应承担货物的全部费用与风险,而在货物装运之后,货物的全部费用则由买方承担。
c.The Seller shall bear all expenses, risks of the commodity before it passes over the vessel’s rail and is released from the tackle.After it has passed over the vessel’s rail and has been released from the tackle, all expenses of the commodity shall be for the Buyer’s account.以上是一份“售购合同”付款条件的一部分,给人的感觉是:行文刻板、拘谨、单调,但条理清楚、措辞准确、滴水不漏。应用文体,大至国家法规,国际经济组织章程和文件,小至某项业务的合同,各类涉外公证书、信用证、提单等,都是具有法律效力的文件与单证。拟稿或翻译时稍有差错,往往导致贸易纠纷,造成经济损失,甚至带来不良的政治影响。要避免错误,译者宜注意以下几个方面:
(一)统一译名,避免歧义
应用文体中,一些术语或关键词,都有严格的意义。在同一篇材料里,为了避免造成概念混乱,使读者疑为另有所指,原则上要求译名保持前后一致。如果一开始将 “technical know-how”译成“专有技术”,就不要中途改译“技术秘密”或“专门技术”;如果一开始将 “information”译为“情报”,就不要中途改译“信息”。在重要的合同里,关键词都会有明确的书面定义。例如:
Section 1:party A shall deliver to party B as soon as possible after this Agreement becomes effective, but in any event within 60 days thereafter, at party B’s address set forth above, all the Technical and Sales Information relating to Licensed product.第一条:甲方应尽快在协议生效后,或最迟在本协议生效后六十天内,按上开乙方地址交给乙方有关特许产品的全部技术与销售情报。
Definitions
Section1.The term Technical and Sales Information as used herein shall mean all data and information which A owns on the date hereof or develop or acquire during the term of this agreement , and which relates to the manufacture and / or sale of licensed products and includes assembly and detailed drawings, parts lists, material specifications and manufacturing methods and procedures relating to the licensed products as well as sales and publicity materials such as catalogs, explanation materials, pamphlets, photographs, layout books, and sales materials.定义:
第一条:本协议所用“技术与销售情报”的含义,是指甲方在本协议期间发展或获得的,同生产和/ 或销售“特许产品”有关的组装或部分图纸、配件表、原料规格、生产方法、生产程序以及推销宣传材料,诸如:目录、使用说明书、小册子、照片、图样书册和销售资料等。
(二)不厌其详,但求严谨
总的说来,应用文体措辞简洁,但另一方面,为了避免歧义或差错
一样的。前者只是道义上的概念,并无法律和经济上的意义。两种译文都增加了“any part”, 这样处理是不得已的,因为如果不译成“any part of the foreign exchange”而译成“the foreign exchange”, 那就意味着外国合营者只是在将他可以汇出的全部外汇存入中国银行时才能受到优待,存一部分时就不受到优待,反而与中文意思不符。此外,两种译文都将“可汇出的外汇”译成“which he is entitled to remit abroad”, 而没有译成 “which he may remit abroad”, 是因为“可汇出,还是不可汇出”,此处是个法律概念,所以,用 “be entitled(有权)”一语来表达更为恰当。
除涉外合同外,正式的外贸函电也具有法律效力,因此,翻译时也务必讲究分寸,措辞准确,这里就不再赘述了。
第四篇:英语近义词
词汇考点疑难攻破 tired, exhausted, fatigued,weary, worn-out这组词均含有“疲惫的”的意思。
tired 可指因体力或脑力消耗太大而需要休息,还可指因长期做某事而失去兴趣。
Henry was so tired that he went to bed immediately after he got home.亨利很疲惫,一回家就上床睡觉去了。
exhausted表达的疲惫程度最强,指因劳累过度而精疲力竭。The exhausted engineer fell asleep on the bus.精疲力竭的工程师在公共汽车上睡着了。
fatigued 所表达的疲惫程度比tired和weary强,表示由于过度劳累而引起疲乏,不能再继续下去。He felt fatigued and didn't want to say a single word. weary语气比tired强,指由于长时间努力工作或由于做单一的事而引起疲倦。After a long and weary wait ,the plane finally came to take them back.经过漫长而又令人疲乏的等待后,飞机终于来接他们回去了。
worn-out 这个词不太正式,多用于口语。The troops were worn-out after winning the battle.战后,部队疲惫不堪。use ,apply, avail ,employ ,utilize这组词均含有“使用”或“利用”之意。
use强调利用人或物作为工具。he used up all his resources in experimenting with the new paint.他为实验新的涂料,花光了一切钱财。 apply 指把某物或某种方法,原理等加以应用。we should not only know the theory but also know how to apply it to practice.我们不仅要知道理论,还要知道怎样把理论用于实践。
avail指用就近的或他人给予的东西,或使别人为自己提供服务。I don't think complaints will avail you much.我觉得抱怨对你没多大用处。We avail ourselves of every opportunity to speak English.我们利用一切机会讲英语。
employ指使用未被利用的东西;用于人时表示雇用。He doesn't know how to employ his energy and time.他不知道该怎么利用他的精力和时间。
utilize指充分发挥某物的作用,使无用的东西变有用,或使人或物有新用途。She hopes to utilize her artistic talents in the job.3 besides ,but ,except ,except for 这组词均含有“除······外”的意思。 besides “除······之外,还有······”,指更进一步的拥有,包括所“除”事物在内。Have you got any clothes besides these? but 不包括所引事物在内,多与nothing ,not anything ,nobody ,nowhere ,all ,anybody 等连用。He has nobody but himself to blame for that.那件事他没法指责别人,只怪他自己。
except 不包括所引事物。常与no ,none ,nothing 等否定词连用或all ,everyone, everything等连用,但不可用于句首。They all went to the Summer Palace except one.除一人之外,他们都去了颐和园。
except for 常指出去所引情况让人稍感遗憾之外,整体情况尚属理想,被除去的事物与正在谈及的事物之间不具有共同属性或性质。The roads were clear except for a few cars.除几辆小汽车外,路面很空旷。beautiful ,good-looking ,handsome ,lovely ,pretty这组词均含有“美丽”,“漂亮”,“可爱”的意思。
beautiful指不仅能给人带来感官上的快乐,而且能通过感官产生思想和灵魂的愉悦,在同类词中层次最高。She was even more beautiful than I had remembered.她比我记忆中的她更漂亮。
good-looking不如handsome ,pretty 意思强烈,指一般的“好看”或“悦目”。That good-looking young man visited the house once or twice a week.那个长相不错的年轻人一星期光顾一两次。 handsome通常是一种客观的不带感情色彩的评价。一个人如被形容为handsome,是指此人外貌符合观察者的要求,但不激发更深层次的感受。He looked very handsome in his dark suit.他穿深色西装显得非常英俊。
lovely 比感官的快乐更进一步,是强调纯粹感情上的愉悦,指觉得某人或某物“可爱”。Mary has two lovely daughters.玛丽有两个可爱的女儿。
pretty 也是“漂亮,可爱”的意思。很少形容大而有影响的事物,多形容事物不以其优秀,完美而以小巧,优雅,精致见长,使人容易接受并喜爱。He boyfriend believes that she is the prettiest girl in the town.她男朋友觉得她是这个镇上最漂亮的女孩。
5.begin,commence,initiate,launch,start这组词均含有“开始”的意思。 begin在这组词中最常用,泛指开始做某事。但口语中近年来start用得较多。The band began to play joyful music.乐队开始演奏欢乐的音乐。
commence比begin用法正式。在宗教或其他仪式或军事用语中人们倾向用commence.The officer ordered the soldiers to commence the attack.军官命令士兵开始进攻。
initiate指进程中的第一步,与何时停止或结束没有关系。The government has initiated a new reform program.政府启动了新的改革方案。
launch指开始或着手一项活动·计划等大规模或声势浩大的行动,行动前或行动中有一定的宣传鼓动。The company will launch an advertising campaign to introduce its new product.那个公司要发起广告攻势推出自己的新产品。
start与stop构成反义用法,指从一特定地点出发,由静止或等待状态开始做某事。在口语中常可代替begin.They started operations at once.他们马上开始行动。
6,break ,crack , crush , shatter ,smash 这组词均含有“打破”或“挤碎”的意思。
break 是这组词中最常用的,指使某件东西破碎。If you break that vase, you'll have to pay for it.如果打破了那只花瓶,你就得赔偿。 crack指打裂某物,但不一定打碎,因而通常不会成为碎片。You may crack these nuts with a hammer.你可以用锤子把这些坚果敲开。 crush强调挤压或踩的动作,毁坏程度取决于被压物的组织结构,或变形,或成小块或可恢复原状。To make wine, you first crush the grapes若要造酒,需先将葡萄压碎。
shatter打破某物,力大到使碎片飞出很远,常指整件东西完全被毁。The explosion shattered most of the windows in the building.爆炸震碎了那座大楼大部分窗玻璃。
smash突出暴力,击打时动作较猛,被击打的东西往往完全报废。He smashed the window with a brick.他用砖块击碎窗玻璃。7 bother , disturb , trouble , worry这组词均含有“不停地烦扰他人或搞得某人心神不宁”的意思。
bother:和disturb常用于主动和被动两种形式中。用于被动时,bother指常受到时有时无的小事的烦扰。用于主动时,bother意思比disturb强,带有故意打扰他人的意思。If you return me the book, I will stop bothering you.若你归还我的书,我就不打扰你了。 disturb:用于被动形式时,意思比bother强烈,有时甚至可指精神错乱。用于主动形式时,意思最弱,指某人无意中打扰他人,这种打扰行为并非存心冲着他人去的。The man was mentally disturbed.这人精神错乱了。
trouble:和worry主要用于被动,指被某事搞得心神不宁。trouble比worry稍正式些,指麻烦别人一件事而影响他人舒适,方便,效率,健康,或心境的平静等。May I trouble you for the book?麻烦你把书递给我好吗?
worry:主要指因对某事的结果没有把握而焦虑不安,还可指某人沉浸在软弱无助的情绪或思虑中。Worrying about your health can make you sick.经常担心你的健康,会使你生病。fast , hasty , quick , rapid , speedy , swift 这组词均含有“迅速的”,“快捷的”的意思。
fast强调速度快,且保持不变;又指钟表的时间超过准确地时间。We took a fast train to Beijing.我们坐快车来北京。
hasty:指匆忙,急促,涉及因此而引起的慌乱,疏漏。Don't arrive at hasty conclusions.别匆忙下结论。
quick:强调动作,行为发生得突然且持续时间短。指人时,暗示聪明,领悟快。The tiger took a quick leap at the sheep.老虎猛地向羊扑去。
rapid:指就整个过程来讲速度快,但并不一定指这一过程的速度始终均匀不变。The growth of the economy has been rapid in recent years.近年来,经济增长速度很快。
speedy:指人处理问题迅速或物体运转速度快。His accusations brought a speedy denial.他的指控马上遭到了否认。
swift:与fast和quick同义,但带有文字色彩。Eagles are swift in flight.鹰飞得很快。change, alter , convert, modify, vary 这组词均含有“变化”的意思。
change:最常用,指任何一种变化过程,但多用于指某人或某物发生根本性转变,失去原来的身份特征,前后完全不同。Years of hard work had changed her a great deal.多年辛苦劳作使她变了很多。 alter:指对人或事物的某些特征进行某种程度的更改,但并没有使人或事物的性质发生根本改变。She had to ask the dressmaker to alter the dress for her.她不得不请裁缝把衣服改一下。
convert:指使事物的条件,性质,功能等发生重要改变,转换或转化。Scientists are trying to find cheaper ways to convert salt water to fresh water.科学家在努力寻找将海水淡化的更廉价的方法。 modify:指在较小的范围内进行形式上的修改或调整。They have to modify the terms of their lease.他们不得不修改租赁条款。 vary:可以指仅仅改变事物的外观,也可指使事物的内在性质发生变化,通常是在同一组事物中将一种情形改变为另一种情形。She varies the program each mouth to make it more attractive.每个月她都对节目做些变动,使它更吸引人。huge ,enormous ,giant ,gigantic ,immense , vast 这组词均含有“很大的,巨大的”的意思。
huge:指体积或数量大得超过一定的标准,可用来形容物体,距离,程度和声音等。They spent a huge amount of money on that villa.他们花巨款买下了那幢别墅。
enormous:着重指体积庞大,常指硕大无比,令人咋舌的事情。多用来形容体积,数量和程度,有时含有严重,紧急的意思。The dinosaurs were enormous animals which lived on the earth long ago.恐龙是很久以前生存在地球上的巨型动物。giant:常指身体,体积,或力量的巨大。They took giant strides forward.他们大踏步前进。
gigantic:多用于夸张的手法,强调事情程度的巨大,严重或极为严重,常用于隐喻。The economy of the country has taken a gigantic leap forward.这个国家的经济有巨大的飞跃。
immense 含有达到不能计算的意味,常用于形容空间,也形容程度。This book was about the explorers who got lost in the immense Atlantic这本书讲的是迷失在浩瀚大西洋中的早期探险家的故事。 vast 着重指面积极为开阔,用作比喻时指阅历广,花费大。The lion used to live in vast areas of Africa.狮子过去生活在非洲广袤的地区。11 gather , assemble , collect 这组词均含有“召集或聚集成小组,一群或团体”。
gather指把很分散的或分布很广的东西聚集到一起,或指自发地形成一组。The pupils are gathered into the auditorium.学生们被召集在大礼堂。
assemble 指人或组织为了某种共同的或特殊的目的集合或聚集在一起。
The football fans assembled on the square to celebrate the victory of their team.球迷们聚集在广场上庆祝他们球队的胜利。
collect 指有选择地进行收集或采集。The collected some precious butterfly specimens on the mountains.他们在山上收集了一些珍贵的蝴蝶标本。gaze , glare , gape, peer , stare 这组词均含有“注意地或专注地看”的意思
gaze指长时间目不转睛地看或凝视,常用于表达惊奇,羡慕或心不在焉的心情。We gazed at the rough sea lost in thought.我们凝视波涛汹涌的大海陷入了沉思。 glare指怒目而视,敌视或仇视。People glared at the man who had assassinated their premier.人们愤怒地瞪着刺杀了他们总理的凶手。 gape指目瞪口呆地凝视,常有发呆的意味。Tourists gaped at the animal keeper feeding food to the lions.游客们目不转睛地看养员给狮子喂肉。
peer 指眯起眼睛窥视。The detective peered into the room through his binoculars.侦探用望远镜向屋内窥视。
stare指睁大眼睛看,带有好奇,猜疑或傲慢等含义。The girl stared at the beggar instead of giving him some money.小女孩冷冷地盯着乞丐,没给他钱。strange eccentric odd peculiar queer unique这组词均含有“不平常的”或“奇怪的”的意思。
strange:词义最广。指非一般的,不平常的,费解的,或与预期不同的,还强调陌生,不熟悉。With so many strange faces around her ,she felt a bit nervous.身边尽是陌生的面孔,她感到有点紧张。 eccentric指行为偏离常规,特别是显得古怪或可笑。You'll be considered eccentric if you go to banquet in your tennis shoes.如果穿着网球鞋去参加宴会,别人会认为你很古怪。
odd强调有异于正常,表示不标准,不正规,不符合规律等,暗示这种奇异令人困惑不解。Einstein was considered an odd man by the neighbors' kinds. peculiar强调具有明显的奇异特征或令人不快的怪异特性。We can identify the drugs by its peculiar smell.我们可以通过其古怪的气味来辨认那种毒品。
queer: 比odd更强调古怪性,指古怪得令人难以置信或离奇可笑。该词是个比较陈旧过时的词。曾被用于指男子同性恋者,宜慎用。He had a queer expression on his face.他的面部表情古怪。 unique可指某一方面不同寻常,特别,有较强的“独一无二”的意思。His calligraphic style is unique.他的书法风格很独特。14 surprise, amaze ,astonish ,astound这组词均含有“使人惊奇,惊异”的意思。
surprise:指因出乎意料的,突然的事或前所未有的人或特殊的事而感到惊讶。It doesn't surprise me that his parents did not allow him to marry beneath him.他的父母不允许他和比她地位低的女子结婚,这并不使我感到惊讶。
amaze 强调对意外的事感到迷惑,或表示惊叹之情。He's amazed that she should get promoted over his head.他对她将晋升到超过他的职位感到惊异。
astonish 指对很不平常的事大为吃惊,难以置信。It astonished him that his son had been caught cheating in the exams.他的儿子考试作弊被抓住了,这使他大为吃惊。
astound 强调完全出乎意料,用以往经验知识无法解释,其惊讶程度很强。The enormous changes in the quality of life of the inhabitants astounded us.居民质量的巨大变化令我们惊愕。purpose,aim , goal, end 这组词均含有“目的,目标”的意思。 purpose 是一般用语,强调实现目标的决心。He went to new York city for the mere purpose of seeing 42nd avenue.他去纽约只是为了看看四十二大道。
aim 常指具体的近期奋斗目标或计划。Her aim is to marry a westerner and live abroad.她的目标是嫁给西方人,住到国外。 goal 强调个人精心选定的,含有不达目的誓不罢休的意思,也有足球“球门”之意,又引申为经过艰苦努力才可达到的目标。We have been fighting for one common goal.我们一直为了一个共同的目标奋斗。
end 比较正式,指心中怀有的目的。He never achieved his end.他从未达到目的。anger,rage , fury , indignation , resentment ,wrath 这组词均含有“愤怒,气恼”的意思。
anger 为这组词中最普通的用词。She reproached her husband in great anger.她十分气愤地责骂丈夫。
rage 是一种无法克制失去自制能力的一种怒火的发作。He broke the flower pot in his rage. fury 语气更强,指使人失去常态和理智的愤怒,甚至会作出伤害人的举动。She flew into a fury when nobody would lend her any money.没人肯借她钱,她便勃然大怒。
indignation较正式,撇开个人利益的,含蔑视心理的愤怒,引起这种愤怒的原因常常是不道德的野蛮行为。The news roused great public indignation.这条消息激怒了公众。
resentment 指由于受侮辱或自尊受伤害而产生的愤怒,是正式用语。I was full of hatred and resentment for the criticism.我对所受的严厉批评感到愤恨和不满。
wrath 一般用于诗歌,修辞,或戏谑中。The Grapes of Wrath was written by John Steinbeck。愤怒的葡萄一书是约翰·斯坦贝克写的。obvious,apparent,evident,clear这组词均含有“明显的”的意思。
obvious指被察觉的东西具有显著特点,不需费力就可觉察到,常用于一目了然的事物。It was an obvious mistake for him to have gone alone.他独自一个人去,这是一个明显的错误。
apparent意为表面看起来很明显,而实际情况未必如此。It was becoming increasingly apparent that he disliked me.他不喜欢我这个事实变得越来越明显。
evident 指有证据作出合理判断,考虑到各种事实,条件后而显得明显。The applause made it evident that the play was a hit.掌声明显地表明这部剧引起了轰动。
clear 指不存在使人迷惑或使问题复杂化的因素。The situation is clear to everyone.大家都清楚局势。beam,shine , glitter, flash ,glow 这组词均含有“亮光”的意思。
beam指由灯塔,日月等发出“光束,光柱”,又可比喻高兴的表情或微笑。Look, there's a beam of light coming through the thick fog.瞧,浓雾里射出了一道光线。 shine 表示通过摩擦的手段达到的光亮。Give your shoes a good shine.把你的鞋擦亮点。
glitter 指辉煌或灿烂的“光辉”,其光源主要为星,剑,黄金等闪光物体。We were attracted by the glitter of the Christmas tree decorations.我们被圣诞树上闪闪发光的装饰物所吸引。 flash 表示突然而明亮的“闪光”,光源为电,火药,炮火等。His first novel was a flash in the pan.他的第一部小说只是昙花一现。
glow 指由余烬或萤火等发出的闪烁的“光辉”,通常指无焰的燃烧。The glow from the embers warmed us.火红的余烬使我们感到暖暖洋洋。endure, bear, stand, tolerate , put up with 这组词都有“忍受,忍耐”之意. endure比较正式,尤指忍受大的,持久的困难,痛苦,灾祸,常用于否定意义的句子中。He quietly endures the pain of a loveless marriage. bear 强调忍受者的坚韧。The sorrow was almost more than she could bear.她几乎忍受不了那种悲哀。
stand 意为“忍受,顶住”,多用于口语中,常用于否定句中,若用于肯定句中,则意为“不屈不挠,经受得起”。I can't stand hot weather.我受不了热天。
tolerate 意为“容忍”语气较前几个词弱。A government that refuses to tolerate opposition cannot last long.一个不听取反对意见的政府是不会长久的。
put up with 与tolerate意义相近,有“不计较,将就”之意,多用于口语。It's hard for people to put up with that kind of treatment.人们很难忍受那种待遇。glimpse,思。,view这组词都有“看,瞥见”的意looksight,
第五篇:英语近义词
Wither, Fade Wither(v.)----“枯萎”,“凋谢”。指因无活力而失去生气。
Fade(v.)----“凋谢”,“褪色”。多指颜色的逐渐消失,有时也作“暗淡”讲。例:The flowers have withered away.花凋谢了。
Her hopes withered.她的希望渐渐幻灭了。
Will this color fade?
这颜色会褪吗?
The blue rug has faded over the year.那块小蓝地毯经过多年已褪色了。
Wild, Fierce, Savage Wild(adj.)----“野蛮的”,“未驯服的”。普通用语。指野性的、无节制的行为,无发怒或严厉之意。
Fierce(adj.)----“凶暴的”。指易怒的和有凶暴脾气的人或动物。
Savage(adj.)----“野蛮的”,“残酷的”。表示不开化,或缺乏感情的控制力。例:Some wild horses still live in the valley.一些野马还栖息在这个山谷里。
Is the sac and Fox Indian tribe a wild one? 袋与狐部落是野蛮部落吗?
He was a fierce fighter.他是一个勇猛的斗士。
The fierce robbers come down from the mountains.凶恶的匪徒从山上下来。
I have never met such savage manners.我从未见过如此粗暴无礼的举止。
He has a savage temper.他性情野蛮。
Waste, Garbage, Junk, Refuse, Rubbish, Trash Waste(n.)----“废物”。普通用语。指任何被遗弃的东西。Garbage(n.)----“废物”。指厨房里丢弃的剩余物。Junk(n.)----“废物”。指用坏了地,无价值的废弃物。
Refuse(n.)----“废物,垃圾”。泛指一切毫无用处,毫无价值的废物或垃圾。Rubbish(n.)----“垃圾,废物”。指体积较小、破碎的、没有用的废物,和可收集起来进行处理的弃物,间或指愚蠢无用的话语和思想。
Trash(n.)----“废物”。指小型无价值的杂物,或无价值作品。例:Industrial waste must be prevented from polluting our rivers.必须阻止工业废物污染河流。
There is too much waste in this house.这一家人太浪费了。
The park is covered with old cans and other forms of garbage.公园里到处都是旧罐头盒和其它各种垃圾。
Waiters put their leftovers in the garbage can.侍者把残羹剩饭倒入泔脚桶里。
The whole room is full of junk.整个屋子堆满了废弃物品。
Their mother enlisted them to remove junk for a trash pickup.他们的母亲在指挥他们清除破烂,好让垃圾车运走。
The refuse was unloadedat the city dump.垃圾卸在市垃圾场。
Throw the refuse in the garbage can.把垃圾扔进垃圾桶里。
The rubbish must be thrown away.这些垃圾必须扔掉。
He is talking rubbish.他在说废话。
Gather up the leaves and put them with the rest of the trash.把树叶堆积起来,与其它废物放在一起。
Don't waste your time reading that trash!别浪费你的时间读那个毫无价值的东西!
近义词---Walk, Stride, Stroll, Plod Walk(v.)----“走”。普通用语。是中性词。指以正常速度走路。Stride(v.)----“走”。指大步行走,并且步伐均匀。stroll(v.)----“走”。指为了消遣而慢慢地步行。Plod(v.)----“走”。指缓慢而吃力地走。
例:Let us walk in the park for a while.让我们在公园里散会儿步。
We got off the bus and walked the last few blocks.我们下了公共汽车,走过最后几个街区。
She turned and strode off.她转身大步走开了。
The soldiers are striding with a dignified gait.士兵们正昂然阔步而行。
They are strolling players.他们是流浪艺人。
A huge crowd strolled down Fifth Avenue in the Easter Parade.一大群人在复活节游行时走过第五街。
The poor old man plods along,hardly able to lift each food.这可怜的老人吃力地走着,几乎都抬不动脚了。
The old horse plodded up the road.老马在路上缓步而行。近义词---Waiter,Servant, Attendant Waiter(n.)----“侍者”。指饭店,旅馆,餐室里的男侍者。女侍者是waitress。Servant(n.)----“仆人”,“佣人”。指为工资,膳宿在别人家干活的人。Attendant(n.)----“仆人”,侍从”。指跟随某人并为其服务的人。
例:Waiters and waitresses work in restaurants ,hotels, cafe and snack bars.男女服务员在餐馆,旅 馆,咖啡馆,快餐馆里招待顾客。
While we were waiting for the coffee, the head waiter came up to us bearing a large basket full of huge peaches.当我们在等咖啡的时候,那个领班侍者拎来满满一大蓝子特大的桃子。
The millionaire had a staff of 30 servants.这个富翁有仆从30名。
In poor countries, live-in servants are present in home not only of the wealthy but also of middle-ciass families.在贫穷国家,不仅富裕家庭,而且中等阶级家庭也有常住的佣人。
The queen was always surrounded by her attendants.女王身边总有仆从跟随。
The attendants went out backwards.随从倒退着出了房间。
近义词---Vocal, Oral, Spoken, Colloquial Vocal(adj.)---“发声的”。指拥有发音的能力。Verbal(adj.)---“言辞的”。正式用语。指笔头表达。非正式英语中也表示口头表达。Oral(adj.)---“口语的”。指口头表达和交流。
Spoken(adj.)---“口语的”。指口头表达和交流,此时与oral一词无区别,但spoken可以构成复合形容词,表示以一种特定方式讲话。Colloquial(adj.)---“口语的”。指普通的、非正式的通俗语言。例:The snake is not a vocal creature.蛇不是发声动物。
He was very vocal in his objections.在反对时他嗓门很大。
Let's have oral practice.让我们作口头练习。
You had an oral examination, didn't you? 你考了口试,是吗?
This word is used in spoken language.这个词用于口语。
She is a soft-spoken woman.她是一个说话柔和的女人。
This is a colloquial expression.这是通俗用语。
He studies English colloquial style.他研究口语体的英语。近义词---View, Scenery, Scene, Sight
View(n.)---“景色”。普遍用语。指目中所望见的景色。
Scenery(n.)---“景色”,“外景”。指一个地方乃至一个国家的整个外景或外貌。Scene(n.)---“景色”。可与view通用,但多包括了其中的人及其活动。
Sight(n.)---“光景”。多指人工的事物,比如大建筑史迹等有名的处所。例:There is a fine view of the mountain from our hotel window.从我们旅馆的窗口可以看到秀丽的山景。
It was our first view of the ocean.这是我们第一次看见海洋。
The scenery of this country is unparalleled.这个国家的风景无与伦比。
The train moved slowly south through flat, drab mainline scenery.火车穿过干线两侧风景单调乏味的地区,缓缓地向南驶去。
The boats in the harbour make a beautiful scene.港中的船只构成美丽的景色。
The scene of sunset was very beautiful.日落的景色是非常美的。
We will go and see the sights of New York.我们要去看看纽约的名胜。
The Imperial Palace is one of the sights of China.故宫是中国名胜之一。
近义词---Victory, Triumph Victory(n.)---“胜利”,“战胜”。主要指战争上的胜利,也指竞赛中所获的胜利。Triumph(n.)---“大胜”,“凯旋”。指卓越的,一往无前的胜利或成功。例:The victory is not yet decided.胜败尚未决定。
The officers led their men to victory in battle.军官们率领士兵在战斗中取得了胜利。
We finally won a diplomatic triumph.我们终于赢得了外交的胜利。
Perhaps that was to be my greatest moment of triumph!也许那将会成功之最伟大时刻!
Vibrate, Sway, Swing, Rock Vibrate(v.)---“摇动”,“震动”。指一种快速而不断的震动。
Sway(v.)---“摇动”,“摆动”。指有弹力的东西被压弯后又恢复原位的摆动。
Swing(v.)---“摇动”,“摆动”。指任何一头固定而另一头活动的动作,也泛指不正规的动作。
Rock(v.)---“摇动”,“摆动”。指轻微的摇动,也指剧烈的摇摆。例:The whole house vibrates whenever a heavy lorry passes.每当重型货车经过时,整个房子都会震颤。
Dick's heavy footsteps upstairs make the old house vibrate.迪克在楼上沉重的脚步弄得那旧房子直颤动。The branches of the tree swayed in the wind.树枝迎风摇晃。
His resolution swayed after the first failure.在第一次失败之后他的决心就动摇了。
The pendulum stopped swinging.钟摆停止了摆动。
The lantern hanging overhead swung in the wind.吊在高处的灯在风中摇动。
Mother is rocking her baby into sleep.母亲在摇她的婴儿入睡。
The earthquake rocks houses.地震使房屋震动。
Vest, Waistcoat Vest(n.)---“背心”,“马甲”。美国用语。
Waistcoat(n.)---“背心”,“马甲”。英国用语。也用于英国的商业。
例:He takes off his coat to reveal a bright red vest.他脱下上衣,露出一件鲜红的马甲。Jimmy is wearing a vest under a coat.吉米在上装里面穿着一件背心。
The sleeves of a pale blue waistcoat came only to her elbows.一件淡蓝色马甲的袖子只垂到了她的臂弯处。
He left off his waistcoat as soon as he came into the room.他一进屋就脱掉了他的马甲。
Vessel, Container Vessel(n.)---“容器”。指盛装液体的用具。
Container(n.)---“容器”。指盛装固体或液体的日常用具。
例:A heat exchanger, in a narrow sense, is a vessel.从狭义来说,换热器是一种容器。
He began putting the sacred vessels away.他开始把供热器收拾起来。
I couldn't find my soap container.我找不到我的肥皂盒了。
Another thousand metres along the the coast stood the fat silver containers at Whitegate.顺海岸再过去1000米,在怀特盖特,矗立着一些巨大的银色储油罐。Vertical, Upright Vertical(adj.)---“直立的”。指与水平面垂直或大致垂直。
Upright(adj.)---“直立的”。指与一平面大致垂直,强调非倾斜性。可用于比喻。
例:Please notice, it is a vertical line.请注意,这是一条垂直线。
The cliff rose in a vertical wall from the sea.悬崖峭壁矗立于海面之上。
Several columns among the ruins still stood defiantly upright.废墟中几根柱子依然顽强竖立着。
He is an upright citizen.他是一位品格端正的公民。
Version, Translation Version(n.)---“翻译”,“译文”,“译本”。指同一作品的不同译本。
Translation(n.)---“翻译”,“译文”,“译本”。普通用语。指把作品从一种语言译成另一种语言。
例:There are many versions of the Bible.圣经有许多不同的译本。
I have never read the King James version of the Bible.我从未读过詹姆士国王钦定的圣经英译本。
I have read a Japanese translation of Hamlet.我读过哈姆雷特的日文翻译本。
All quotations from Latin texts are given in translation.所有引自拉丁语本的引文都经过翻译。
Vanquish, Conquer, Overcome Vanquish(v.)---“克服”。指快速完全彻底地打败对手,有“胜利已成定局”的意思。
只可用于人。
Conquer(v.)---“克服”,“征服”。常有控制或占有的含义,但并没有彻底而完全征服的意思。
Overcome(v.)---“克服”。普通用语。指克服任何必须克服的东西。
例:He vanquished his opponent.他一举打垮了他的对手。
The king's army vanquished the rebels.国王的部队一举击败了叛乱者。
The Norman conquered England in 1066.诺曼人在1066年征服英国。Man can conquer nature.人能征服自然。
You must overcome your bad habits.你必须克服你的坏习惯。
The fire was completely overcome by daybreak.黎明时大火已被完全扑灭。
Valuable, Precious Valuable(adj.)---“值钱的”,“有价值的”。指价值巨大, 出售就可得高价;也可表示意义或作用的重大。
Precious(adj.)---“贵重的”,“宝贵的”。指因稀罕或来之不易, 或具有极大价值而非常值钱,有时也指一个人对某件物品特别喜爱。例:Mrs Forester has a valuable diamond.弗雷斯蒂夫人有一颗贵重钻石。
It is a valuable discovery.这是一个有价值的发现。
That old toy bear is precious to John.那只旧的玩具熊对约翰来说特别珍贵。
She owned many precious jewels.她拥有许多贵重珠宝。
Kindle, Fire, Ignite, Light Kindle(v.)---“点燃”。强调着火的迟缓和困难。Fire(v.)---“点燃”。通常指火的突然爆发。
Ignite(v.)---“点燃”。限于用在指通过某种方法使物体升温而迅速或猛烈燃烧。Light(v.)---“点燃”。强调点燃后的结果,如光亮热力或烟火等。
例:This wood is too wet to kindle.这些柴太湿了, 很难点着。
The sparks kindled the dry wood.星火燃着了干木。
It took several bundles of twigs to fire the logs.点燃这些大块圆木需要好几捆枝材。
He fired a baystack.他点燃了一个草堆。
An electric spark ignites the petrol in a car engine.电火花点燃了汽车引擎。
Petrol ignites very easily.汽油极易点燃。
She lighted the lamps.她点着了那些灯。
It's time to light up.该开灯了。
Kind, Sort, Species, Type, Category Kind(n.)---“种类”。指同种类的东西。
Sort(n.)---“种类”。指大体相似的东西, 有时用于贬义判断。Species(n.)---“种类”。指相同种类的生物。
Type(n.)---“种类”。指不太明确类别的划分,有主观判断之意。
Category(n.)---“种类”。正式用语。指对材料或图书等进行分析而划分的种类。
例:This is the best kind of pen.这是最好的一种钢笔。
I can feel at home in this kind of room.在这样的房间里我感到象在家里一样。
What sort of food do you like best? 你最喜欢吃什么食物? I will make no attempt of the sort.我不愿做这种事。
This is an extinct species of fish.这是一种已经灭绝的鱼。
Blackmail is a species of crime which we all hate.恫吓勒索是我们大家憎恨的一种罪行。
The horticulturist developed a new type of rose.园艺师培育了玫瑰的一个新品种。
Her beauty is of the Italian type.她的美是意大利型的。
Put it there, it belongs to that category.把它放在那儿,它属于那一类。
Place these books in categories, please.请把这些书分门别类地进行整理。
Kill, Assassinate, Execute, Dispatch, Murder, Slay, Slaughter
Kill(v.)---“杀”,“杀死”。普通用语。指任何一种致死行为。Assassinate(v.)---“暗杀”。指出于政治目的进行的暗杀行为。Execute(v.)---“处决”。指依据法律,判处死刑。
Dispatch(v.)---“杀死”。指采用直接方法,如刺,射击等手段杀死,强调迅速。Murder(v.)---“谋杀”,“凶杀”。指非法地有目的的杀害他人。
Slay(v.)---“杀死”,“杀害”。指残酷地打死或用武器杀死。现多用过去分词slain。Slaughter(v.)---“屠杀”。尤指为肉食而屠杀;还指错杀或残酷地杀死很多人。
例:Two people were killed in a car accident.在一次车祸中有两人丧生。
The frost killed the flowers.霜把花冻死了。
President Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas in 1963.肯尼迪总统于1963年在达拉斯被暗杀。
Martin Luther King was assassinated by a white people.马丁路德金是被一个白人暗杀的。
Nathan Hale was executed as a spy by the British in 1776.1776年,内森黑尔被英国人当作间谍处决了。
Mussolini was caught by Italian guerrillas on April 27, 1945, while trying to escape to Switzerland and executed after a brief trial.1945年4月27日,墨索里尼试图逃往瑞士时,被意大利游击队抓获,经简短审讯之后,即被处决。
The injured horse was dispatched by its owner.受伤的马被他的主人杀死了。
The executioner quickly dispatched the condemned man.行刑者迅速将该犯处决了。
According to the historians he murdered his rival in cold blood.根据历史学家考证,他蓄意杀死了他的竞争对手。
It is said that one person was murdered on the beach.据说一个人在海滩上被谋杀了。
The slain man has not yet been identified.被杀的人至今还未被查出身份。
He was slain in battle.他战死在沙场。
Many cattle and sheep are slaughtered here.这儿屠宰了许多牛羊。
Tens of thousands were slaughtered on the battlefields of Macedonia.成千上万的人在马其顿战场上被杀死了。
Keen, Acute, Penetrating, Sharp, Shrewd
Keen(adj.)---“锐利的”。普通用语。一般指刀或尖的锋利。
用于比喻时,指看穿一切事物,含有慧眼耳聪和机敏之意。Acute(adj.)---“尖锐的”。一般指角的形状。用于比喻时,指思维敏捷。Penetrating(adj.)---“锐利的”。强调透过细节调查事物根源的能力。
Sharp(adj.)---“锐利的”。普通用语。一般指刀的锋利。用于比喻时,强调有洞察力,有时含不诚实的意味。
Shrewd(adj.)---“锐利的”。表示谙于世故,遇事老谋深算,有看穿一切事物内情的能力。
例:He is a keen politician.他是个厉害的政治家。
Tom keeps a knife with a keen edge.汤姆有一把锋利的小刀。
He is an acute observer.他是一个敏锐的观察家。
This is not a right angle, but an acute one.这不是直角,而是锐角。
The professor gave us a penetrating analysis of the play.教授给我们作了一次深刻的剧本分析。
Premier Zhou has an extremely penetrating mind.周总理头脑异常敏锐。
The knife is not sharp enough and need grinding.这刀不快,需要磨了。I have a sharp mind for figures.我头脑聪明,善于计算。
He is too shrewd to trust in bussiness matters.他在商业事务上太精明了,不能信赖。
He is a shrewd politician.他是个精明的政客。
Jump, Leap, Skip, Spring
Jump(v.)---“跳”,“跃”。普通用语。泛指从地面跳起,或从一平面跳下。
Leap(v.)---“跳起”,“跳跃”。指连跑带跳,有姿势轻快活泼和优美之意。是书面语。
Skip(v.)---“跳”,“跃”。指轻快灵巧的跳跃,比如孩子们或小动物的欢蹦乱跳。Spring(v.)---“跳”,“跃”。指有力和有弹性的突然跳跃。例:They jumped for joy when they heard the news.他们听到这消息,高兴得跳了起来。
It is dangerous to jump off a moving train.火车在行驶时跳下来是很危险的。
They leaped lightly over the stream.他们轻捷地跳过了小溪。
The young deer were leaping about in the meadow.小鹿在草地上到处跳跃。
Girls like to skip rope.女孩喜欢跳绳。
Lamps like to skip across the meadow.小羊喜欢在草地上欢蹦乱跳。
A boy sprang from his seat.一个男孩突然从座位上跳了起来。
He sprang out of bed when the alarm went off.听到警铃响,他从床上跳下来。
Journey, Excursion, Expedition, Tour, Trip, Travel, Voyage Journey(n.)---“旅行”,“旅程”。普通用语,指陆地上的远程旅行。Excursion(n.)---“旅行”。较正式,指海上或陆地上的短期外出。
Expedition(n.)---“旅行”。指为某一特定目的而组织的艰巨而危险的远征。Tour(n.)---“周游”。指途中在许多地方作短暂停留的观光游览。Trip(n.)---“旅行”。指来往有定的短距离旅行, 强调在路上所花的时间和所走的路程。
Travel(n.)---“旅行”。惯用复数形式。泛指旅行各地, 表示旅行的路途远,时间长。
Voyage(n.)---“旅行”。常指距离较长的海上旅行, 也可指太空旅行。
例:At first I was afraid the long journey would be too much for her.起初我担心她不能行这样远的路。
I wish you a good journey.(祝你)一路平安。
The family made a weekend excursion to a camp ground.全家周末去宿营地旅行。
The whole excursion took ten hours.整个短途旅游花了十个小时。
My brother was once a member of the mount Everest Expedition.我弟弟曾是珠穆朗玛峰登山队的队员。
Our country has sent several parties of people on an expedition to Antarctic.我国已派了几队人到南极探险。
We went on a guided tour of Italy that included stops at Milan,Venice,Florence and Rome.我们在导游的带领下游览了意大利, 包括米兰,威尼斯,佛罗伦萨和罗马。
They are now making a bridal tour.他们正在新婚旅行。
I go to work by train, and the trip takes 40 minutes.我坐火车上班, 路上花40分钟。
I can't afford a trip to Europe.我负担不起去欧洲旅游的费用。
This trip was cancelled because of the snowstorm.因为暴风雪, 旅行取消了。
The travels of Marco Polo is one of the most interesting books that I have ever read.马可波罗的游记是我生平读过的最有意思的一本书。
Is he back from his travels yet? 他游历回来了吗? He made a long ocean voyage to Africa.他远航去了非洲。
We made a rough voyage from London to Australia.我们作了一次从伦敦至澳大利亚的艰苦航行。
Jail, Prison
Jail(n.)---“监狱”。英国的拼法为goal。在英国指民事监狱, 在美国指收容犯有轻罪的人或未经判决的人的收容所看守所等;现在也指监狱。
Prison(n.)---“监狱”。指大型的监狱。是指监禁判刑的罪犯等待受审的嫌疑犯俘虏等的地方。
例:They have Birdsong in jail.他们把伯德押在牢里。
The court committed a prisoner to jail.该法庭将罪犯投入监狱。
The thief was sent to prison for a year.那个小偷被判处一年监禁。He came out of prison.他出狱了。
Utter, Express, ronounce
Utter(v.)---“说出”。指发出任何听得见的声音。强调发出的声音具有突然性和爆发性。
Express(v.)---“说出”。指用语言表达自己的思想或感情。
Pronounce(v.)---“说出”,“发音”。可表示人的发音,或具有发音能力;在正式场合中,指宣读宣判等。
例:She uttered a scream of terror when she saw a snake.当她看见一条蛇时, 发出了一声害怕的尖叫。
The old man uttered a sigh in the dark room.在漆黑的屋子里老人发出一声叹息。
It can not be expressed by words.无法用语言来表达它(不可言传)。
Can you express yourself in English? 你能用英语表达你的意思吗? My baby can pronounce this word without any difficulty.我孩子读这个词没有任何困难。
I now pronounce judgement on the issue.我现在宣布对这一问题的意见。
Use, Consume, Expend, Employ, Utilize
Use(v.)---“用”,“使用”。普通用语。指事物时有消费的意义,指人时,对这个行动表示强烈的不赞成。
Consume(v.)---“用”。表示用尽,耗尽,指用在自己身上。Expend(v.)---“用”。与consume同义,但多指付出的方向。
Employ(v.)---“使用”。较正式用语。指人时有“雇用”的意思;也可用于物,但无消费之意。
Utilize(v.)---“使用”。强调使用有益的方面。
例:The company now uses a computer to do all its accounts.该公司现在使用一台电脑处理一切账目。
He uses every means to prevent it.他用各种方法阻止它。
They asked how many bottles of wine he consumed in one year.他们打听他一年里喝了多少啤酒。
We consumed much time and energy in writing this book.我们写这本书消耗了很多时间和精力。
He lived high and expended largely.他生活奢侈,花销很大。
She expended all her capital on equipment.她将所有资本用于设备。
The mill employed a thousand workers.这家工厂雇用了一千名工人。
You could employ your spare time better.你可以把业余时间利用得更好些。
To avoid an oil shortage more machines must utilize solar energy.为了避免石油短缺,更多的机器必须使用太阳能。
Can we utilize straw as fodder? 我们能利用稻草作为饲料吗?
Yet, Already
Yet(adv.)---“已经”.与Already一样均用于谈论某一特定时间之前可能完成的某项动作.Yet只用于否定句和疑问句中.Already(adv.)---“已经”.常用于肯定的陈述句中,也可用于疑问句以表示惊奇.例:Has the bell rung yet?---It has not rung yet.已经敲钟了吗?---还没有.I've started learning Greek, but I haven't got very far yet.我已经开始学习希腊语,但只是刚刚入门.John hasn't done much work yet, but Anne has already finished.约翰还没做多少工作,可是安妮已经做完了.Have you finished lunch already? It's only 12 o'clock.你已经吃过午饭了吗? 刚刚12点.Zero, Cipher, Nil, Nought
Zero(n.)---“零”.普通用语.是指没有数量和大小等意义时人们喜欢用的词.Cipher(n.)---“零”.指0-9的任何一个阿拉伯数码,表示“无”时,具有象征意义.Nil(n.)---“零”.多用于体育或新闻领域.Nought(n.)---“零”.美语为naught,在字面意义上与cipher同义.例:His chances of success sank to zero.他成功的机会降到了最低点.It was fifteen degrees below zero.气温是零下十五度.One followed by two ciphers is 100.一的后面跟两个零是一百.I can't bear such a cipher any longer.我再也不能忍受这样一个无用的人了.The result of the game was three-nil.比赛结果是三比零.The new machine reduced labor costs to almost nil.新机器把劳动力的成本几乎降到零.My effort came to naught.我的努力终成泡影.0.01 is usually read point nought one.0.01通常被读作 point nought one.