第一篇：Unit 5 课文翻译及课后练习参考答案
Unit 5
课文参考翻译：
三明治一代——夹心一代
九月上旬，安妮接到卡尔加伏特山医院打来的电话，要她将住院的母亲接回家去。已经84岁高龄的老母亲艾琳从三月中风以来就一直住在医院，接受精心地护理。六个月后，易瑞尼可以自己吃饭，也能下床独立走动。但记性依然不好。看样子，在敬老院腾出床位前她是不可能回家独自生活的。已经42岁的安妮是社会服务顾问，同丈夫同住卡尔加城，家里还有三个孩子，老大19岁，老二15岁，最小的11岁。安妮回忆接母亲的事时说：“她非常虚弱，简直弱不禁风。我跟医院一再解释，我们不能接她回家——我们没法接她回来。”但福特山医院答应帮忙安排家庭护理，安妮便将母亲接回了家。要求隐去全名的安妮说：“这真让我们惊慌失措。从医学上讲，医院已无力回天，他们要我接回母亲也有道理。但是，我也无法照料好自己的老母。”
安妮就是被称为“夹心一代”中的一员——上要顾老，下要顾小，拼命努力，同时还得设法保住自己的饭碗。据估计，在加拿大，长辈与小辈一起居住的家庭大约有12万家。尽管统计数字显示这样的大家庭越来越少，但那些确实搬到了子女家并与子女同住的大家庭已经发生了巨大的变化，他们与原来的大家庭完全不一样了。一方面现在的长辈子女少些，因而分担家庭重担的人相应减少了；另一方面，现代家庭中的女孩也都出外工作。实际上，渥太华凡妮家庭研究所行政与交流主任艾伦·米拉贝里指出现代家庭中的一对夫妻平均一周要工作65~80小时，而20世纪50年代则只有40-50小时。他说：“同样的岗位，现代人的劳动强度是过去的两倍。” 米拉贝里认为，这一变化常常为人们所忽略，越来越多公众舆论要求把有些政府医疗护理负担转嫁到各个家庭就是个表现。“你不能假设有足够人手，因为现代家庭已发生了很大的变化。’
同时，米拉贝里也意识到，当那些特护病人病情好转要离开医院时，确实“各有各的难处”。加拿大劳动力流动性大，有一半的家庭平均每五年会换一个地方——家庭成员也天南地北。当医院里那些年长的病人不再需要特殊护理而健康状况又不允许独自回家时，往往在城里再也找不到一个亲戚接他们回家。
卡尔加福特山医院副院长约翰·王说，就他们医院而言，如果病人没有任何亲戚接其回家，医院会让病人继续住院治疗直到养老院腾出床位为止。他认为医院只能将病人送到一个“充满关怀家里，而不能受到虐待的家里”。他解释说，因为医疗服务配套设施需要大量的投入，因此特护床位费用昂贵，一天就需975美元，并且需求量很大。由于床位缺乏，“我们只能尽快地腾出特护床位。”他强调，家属应该理解并给予配合。“现在人们已开始意识到他们应该帮助大家庭的成员。我们好像又回到了40年，对自家的老人给予更多赡养和照顾。”
对安妮来说，那段日子尽管短暂却让她心力交瘁。她说：“母亲需要全天候的陪护。但最糟糕的是母亲尿失禁，晚上只好给她用尿布，这也是实在没办法。如果一晚上三番五次起床，我必定睡眠不足。”安妮说自从要照顾母亲，她很少会见朋友，硕土论文也搁置一旁，大大减少了做顾问的工作，取消了去西雅图的出差，对孩子的照顾也少多了。孩子们因此而不高兴，她也变得焦躁不堪。这真是祸不单行。
最终，艾琳在安妮家呆了一起只呆了六周，之后，养老院终干有了空床位。“母亲很喜欢那儿，那儿的工作人员非常好” 安妮说，“一切比我预想的好得多。”但艾琳的小住使我和家人在思想上发生了很大变化，“我们完全被宠坏
了。”安妮说，“我当时觉得压力大得不得了，但现实是每个人都得学会适应这一切。”上个月，安妮家从教堂领回了一个十岁的小男孩，这个男孩在家里遇到了麻烦。“领他回来是因为自己刚刚有过的一番经历，” 她说，“总的来说，经过母亲的事儿之后，我们更富同情心。”
凡妮研究所的米拉贝里指出即使长辈独自生活，晚辈的责任也很大。“怎么好放下手头的活儿去看生病的母亲?”他问道，“而将母亲置之不管不顾，他们又内疚万分。即使老人不与子女同住，子女也面临着压力，要协调好照顾小家庭、大家庭同时也要为雇主负责的义务。”
实际上，加拿大老年研究网络组织大学研究人员进行了一次全国范围的对5，000雇员的大调查。该调查显示46％的员工承担着养老责任，从跑腿购物到全天候的照料。这些接受调查的雇员中一半以上的人还得照看孩子。根据调查，与同事相比，那些上要照顾老人，下要养育孩子的员工工作压力更大，工作满意程度更低，缺勤率更高。
面对这一状况，有些公司采取了相应的措施。早在1992年，皇家银行就办了一个老年护理活动中心，为员工出谋划策，并帮助员工及时获得当地的帮助。温哥华分行的顾客服务部经理——39岁的沙伦·莫里在母亲病情恶化时打电话求助过这个中心。她说：“突发事件时，你不知道该怎么办，该找谁。你需要一定的信息，这样你才能做出正确的决定。我和我妹妹的工作难度大，要求高。我们不想让母亲的病给弄得惊慌失措。”
玛丽露·格里芬是位退了休的老教师，丈夫虽已去世，倒也无需为工作压力担忧。可她却受内风湿折磨。1988年，已81岁高龄的老父亲搬入她多伦多北部的家中时，她也已经54岁有余了。老父的健康问题一下子将她拖垮了。她说：”头三个月他一下瘦了40磅，我给吓坏了。”由于他大小便失禁。有一次，仅一个晚上她得为父亲洗五次澡，换洗五次床单。无论是感情上还是体力上，这真是太难了，老父也难堪不已，常常老泪纵横。后来一位医生发现老父是牛奶过敏而导致大小便失禁，这一窘况才摆脱了。但没过多久，他又犯了其他毛病。“两年中他得了三到四次肺炎，我也有四次。我休息不好，最后一次因肺炎加上胸膜炎，我又住到了医院里。”医生告诫说：“你不能再这样下去了。”
格里芬终于寻求了帮助——政府资助提供的每周9小时的家庭护理。“但晚上和周末是没有家庭护理的，”盲芬遗憾地说，“有一阵我累得实在挺不下去了，便决定请一个护士晚上帮忙护理一下。”但每小时$22的高额费用让她承受不了，几个星期之后，她只得作罢。两年后，吉芬找到了一家很满意的养老院，并把这事儿告诉了老父亲。可老父亲却大受伤害，尽管他明白自己的女儿照顾不了他。吉芬说：“我老觉得有一种犯罪感，我太让父亲失望了。”她父亲在养老院呆了两年半，1992年10月，他死于心脏衰竭和肺气肿。
幸运的是许许多多有老人的家庭都处理得不错。这些家庭里长辈身心健康，小辈遇到不测时能得到及时的外援。纽芬兰渔业员工训练公司的执行总裁，现已39岁的弗朗西斯·小约翰记得自己小时候住在圣约翰以北100里的格雷斯港时，叔叔和婶婶经常帮助自己的父母。这对老夫妻无儿无女。1990年叔叔去世，婶婶安吉妮·鲍尔就搬到了自己家，与家人一起生活。弗郎西斯的妻子罗斯40岁，两个孩子大的19岁，小的13岁。
虽已经81岁高龄，鲍尔身体依然硬朗，在自己的老家，大多数的日子里她每天要步行半英里。去年春天动了一次手术，她身体就一直较虚弱。在离家不远的一家医院打零工的罗斯·小约翰说他一大早就得起床给鲍尔清洗伤口，调换绷
带，然后打发孩子们上学并赶在上班前准备好年餐。她非常感谢亲戚们的援助。她说：“我一点儿也不吝啬呆在家里照顾她的时间，也不讨厌她生病时需要我跑前跑后的日子。这是我们应该承担的责任。我会尽力让她快点好起来。”
弗郎西斯说鲍尔与家人相处得很好。他说：“每当妻子与儿子发生争吵时，她就避开了。”他认为她给孩子们带来的是好的影响，“我发现老人有老人独特的智慧，我儿子正处在青春期，处在成长的烦恼之中。婶婶却比我更能理解儿子。”小约翰家庭责任感很强。他说：“我父母一直教导我要以家庭为荣，以承担家庭责任为己任。这种感情难以用语言表达，你这么做只是因为你觉得应该这么做。”对小约翰一家来说，“应该这么做的事”成了家庭成员共同经历过的有宝贵意义的事儿。但对于无数承担了很多全新责任的加拿大人而言，照顾老人意味着体力与情感上的双重付出与牺牲。
课后练习参考答案：
A.1.A
2.B
3.C
4.D
5.B
6.A
7.D
8.B
9.D
10.B
11.C
B.1.set him up
2.fit in
3.is thankful for
4.hold down
5.built up
6.gone through
7.weigh heavily on
8.working out
9.broken away
10.let my parents down
C.1.C.will rely on
2.D.have
3.C.for which
4.B.which
5.A.coupled
6.A.a much greater variety
7.B.find it difficult
8.A.Acquiring
9.C.himself
10.C.endangered
D.1.dead
2.brought
3.like
4.expensive
5.cost
6.worse
7.births
8.paying
9.aged
10.figure
11.share
12.majority
13.producers
14.poor
15.decent
16.services
17.expanding
18.same
19.burden
20.confined
Key to the Translation from English into Chinese:
在不少拉丁美洲和亚洲的国家,老年化和贫困将引起许多新问题, 而这些问题对于工业化国家来说并不陌生, 但是这些国家拥有资源少得多。在使用有限资源时所遇到伦理道德问题将更为突出,为医疗保健和养老金提供资金可能成为这些国家面临的一件棘手的事。
在许多国家,老年人的人数太少,政治上多半相当被动,以致无法成为一个能对长期政策施加有效压力来促进自身利益的团体。但随着其数量增多,这种状况正在改变，他们知道需要集结政治力量。到2030年将没有一个政治家大胆到敢于忽略三分之一这部份老年选民——特别老年选民一般参加投票的人数要比其他选民多。
Key to the Translation from Chinese into English:
1.Generally, people have become more compassionate and quite a few families have taken in an orphan from the municipal orphanage.2.It is a demanding task for a workingwoman to look after her parents/ elders and her children while holding down a job.3.At first we were worried about their first stay in a foreign country but things there worked out much better for them.4.Today's middle-aged people have fewer children than their parents did and the
aging population problem may weigh on them in about 40 years.5.It is hoped that the current reform in education will better set students up to meet the challenges from society.6.The government intends to transfer some of the health-care burden to the individual family but family members are not always available for the task because they cannot break away from their jobs to look after the sick elderly.7.There is an increasing demand for beds in the nursing home, and we have to try every possible means to free them up.8.With the large elderly population in this country, financing of health care and pensions could scare the devil out of the government.9.The young couple has to make some sacrifice to avoid letting their old beloved father down.10.What they had gone through in looking after their sick old father made them more compassionate, and they made a donation to the nursing home
第二篇：B2U5课文翻译及课后练习答案
Unit 1
Dreams In-Class Reading
Are You A Dreamer?
你做梦吗？ 梦，我们为什么会做梦？梦有意义吗？真的有梦中所见之事成为现实这种事吗？几千年来人们对这些问题一直很感兴趣。过去几十年的科学发展使我们对睡眠的自然过程有了更多的认识，然而对于与梦有关的诸多问题依然没有最终答案，这些问题还在继续困惑着我们。2 人人都做梦——只不过有些人不记得做过梦罢了。人类脑电波的记录显示我们所有人入睡后就进入做梦状态。夜晚的大部分时间我们都在做梦，但只有当我们处在REM（眼球迅速转动）睡眠阶段时醒来才会记住所做的梦。眼球迅速转动阶段便是我们做梦的时候。每晚我们有四个或五个REM睡眠阶段，第一次出现在入睡后的90分钟左右。此后，梦期每90分钟复现一次，每次持续15到45分钟，持续时间随着夜晚的深入逐渐延长。3 睡眠的主要目的（除让我们休息外）也许就是让我们做梦——让我们以一种截然不同的方式回顾我们的生活、我们的忧虑和希望，以及在潜意识中观察自我，把不再需要的资料从记忆中剔除。有些梦可能是由简单的生理原因引起的。例如，梦到在灼热的煤块上行走很可能是由睡眠时脚太靠近取暖器引起的。而梦到想跑但两腿却动弹不了这种令人沮丧的境况，也许是被子裹得太紧的缘故。闹铃响了而依然熟睡的人则很可能会梦到门铃或电话铃响。所有这些都是潜意识和意识共同引导和启示我们的简单例子。不过这些从生理角度进行的解释尚不足以说明为什么我们会做梦。有些人认为梦纯粹是无稽之谈，仅仅是人脑中电脉冲无的放矢的结果，然而，有些人则认为即便是最简单的梦也具有重要的含义。有些梦反映的内心忧虑是立即可以识别的。梦见失去工作或者没了房子，也许是反映了真实的忧虑，即便这些忧虑只是潜意识的。我们大多数人都梦见过必须参加一门很难的课程的期末考试，也许是一门从未修过的课，也许是一门学得很糟糕的课。但是，有一些梦并没有这样明显的含义，对它们该如何解析呢？多少世纪以来，男男女女都从所谓的解梦字典中寻找答案，这类字典最早的有可能可以追溯到公元前5000年。根据这些字典，梦见喝酒意味着短命，而梦见喝水则预示着长寿。一直到公元200年，解梦字典受欢迎的程度仍丝毫未减。当时，古希腊的阿特米多鲁斯写了一部长达五卷的书，书中解析了3000多个梦，列举了一系列的梦符，诸如右手（表示父亲），左手（表示母亲），以及海豚（表示好兆头）。如今，图书馆和书店里有无数解析梦的书籍。对于那些解梦爱好者来说，它们依然深受欢迎。然而，多数专家警告说，读这些书时要非常谨慎。心理分析家兼作家肯尼思·桑德斯解释说：“梦与每个人的心理密切相关，因此分析往往容易出现错误和偏差。我认为，只有当你了解做某个梦的人时，才能发现这个梦的真正含义。”
After-Class Reading
成为现实的梦 1965 年11月7 日的晚上，玛丽·都特瑞做了一个噩梦。她忘不了那个梦，她的丈夫乔治也忘不了。她是这么讲述自己的梦的：“我梦见夜里自己在一座山上，电闪雷鸣，然后我看见天上一道亮光，一声巨大的撞击声后，我听到四处都是尖叫声。”
玛丽说，她随后看见地上有一只手。她感到有些害怕，但还是走上前去。然后她看见了一只胳膊，胳膊的那头是些尸体碎块。她说在梦里她尖叫起来：“快来人哪！”然后她看见一些人抬着一个大柳条筐，他们把尸体放进筐里后就走了。玛丽惊醒时还在叫喊着。“玛丽！”乔治俯下身，推推她。“怎么了？”他问。玛丽告诉他：“我刚才梦见你飞机失事死了。噢，乔治，求求你不要坐那趟去辛辛那提的航班。” 玛丽求他不要去，但是乔治不听她的劝阻。然而，在开车去机场的路上，乔治开始感到有点不对头。接着他看见一架飞机从头顶飞过，心慌得怦怦直跳。于是他明白自己不能坐那趟飞机了。他给机场打电话，取消了机票。然后他给玛丽打电话，接着乘火车去了辛辛那提。6 那天晚上，383 次航班试图在辛辛那提降落时遇上了暴风雨，飞机撞上了一座山。玛丽在电视上看到了有关的新闻报道，那情形就同她梦见的一模一样。她看见人们拿筐子运走了尸体。但是她知道乔治没事。因为有了她那个梦的预兆，乔治才得以安然无恙。7 约翰·布拉德利也做过类似的梦。他住在英格兰，是一位教师。他还是一位博物学家，喜欢带班上的学生进行校外考察旅行，了解大自然。一天晚上，他做了一个梦。这是在他安排好的一次校外考察旅行之前一个星期发生的事。他梦见自己领着班上的学生走在一条乡间的小路上，路边就是教堂墓地。在梦里，布拉德利让两个男孩带队穿过教堂墓地。他自己走在队伍的末尾，以便让小一些的孩子保持前进。然而，就在他们穿过教堂墓地的时候，布拉德利感到地面在震动，接着他听见了巨大的断裂声。然后，有个黑乎乎的庞然大物朝他砸了过来。那是一棵巨大的榆树，正好砸在这队孩子们的头顶上。10 这个梦使布拉德利非常不安，他觉得应该取消这次外出。他把这个梦告诉了班上的学生，但是他们都觉得他很可笑，而且都不愿意取消这次旅行。甚至其他老师也笑话他，跟他说不应该让孩子们扫兴。于是布拉德利同意出行。“但是你们必须答应我，”他跟他们讲，“往哪儿走你们只能听我的。” 于是，他们出发了。当他们走到那条小路时，布拉德利不让孩子们绕道穿过教堂墓地。有些孩子觉得这样做很蠢，不过他们还是按老师说的做了。走到小路的尽头，他们面前是一座跨河的桥。年纪大一些的男孩子停下来问道：“老师，我们应该走哪条道？过河呢，还是走沿河的小路？” 布拉德利停住脚步。他对那条小路有一种古怪的感觉。“过桥，”他告诉他们。于是孩子们开始过桥。接着，布拉德利听到了可怕的断裂声，同自己在梦中听到的完全一样。他回头一看，只见就在那条小路边上，一棵巨大的榆树摇摇晃晃，倒在了地上。他的预感应验了。孩子们面面相觑，然后看着自己的老师。如果刚才他们走那条小路的话，那么此刻他们就正好在那棵榆树倒下来的位置。
课内阅读练习答案
Part One Preparation 1.Brainstorming Sample Sleepwalking, also known as somnambulism(梦游症), is a sleep disorder.Sleepwalkers arise from the slow-wave sleep stage in a state of low consciousness and perform activities that are usually performed during a state of full consciousness, such as sitting up in bed, walking to the bathroom, cleaning, etc.which may involve no harm or danger.Those who work with dreams of these sorts take the position that a dream may have a variety of meanings, depending on the levels that are being explored.Nightmare refers to a very frightening dream.It may also refer to unpleasant experiences.Recurring dreams refer to dreams people have from time to time.Dream catcher is a handmade object based on a willow hoop, on which is woven a loose net or web decorated with personal and sacred items such as feathers and beads.Originated in the culture of Ojibwa, one of the largest groups of Native Americans, a dream catcher is believed to be able to change a person’s dreams.Hung above the bed, it is traditionally used as a charm to protect sleeping children from nightmares.When it comes to the interpretation of dreams, the most well-known might be The Interpretation of Dreams, a book written by Austrian neurologist Sigmund Freud.The book introduces Freud’s theory of the unconscious with respect to dream interpretation.In the book, he first demonstrates a psychological technique which makes it possible to interpret dreams.With the application of this technique, every dream will reveal itself as a psychological structure, full of significance, and one which may be assigned to a specific place in the psychic activities of the waking state.Further, he tries to explain the processes underlying the strangeness and obscurity of dreams, and to deduce from these processes the nature of the psychic forces whose conflict or cooperation is responsible for dreams.Freud’s view was that dreams were all forms of “wish fulfillment”, which means that the unconscious makes attempts to resolve a conflict of some sort.However, because the information in the unconscious is in an unruly and often disturbing form, a “censor” in the preconscious will not allow it to pass unaltered into the conscious.According to Freud, images in dreams are often not what they appear to be, and need deeper interpretation if they are to inform us of the structures of the unconscious.2.A Dream Poll Sample • I don’t think dreams can predict the future.I never take dreams seriously.To me, dreams are just meaningless nonsense.If someone claims that what they dreamed came true, it was only a coincidence.• Dreams can make me feel good.After a good night’s sleep and some sweet dreams, I feel happy and full of energy when I wake up in the morning.But of course, I don’t like terrible dreams which make me very tired.3.Talking About Your Dreams Sample A: How often do you dream? B: I dream almost every night.A: What sort of dreams do you have? Are they connected to your daily life? B: Yes, I always dream about things that are connected to my daily life.For example, after I play computer games for a long time, I dream of playing computer games.Sometimes, I can’t find a book, but then I dream that I have found it.A: Do you have recurring dreams? B: Yes, I often dream of having to take an exam I haven’t prepared for.A: Have you ever wondered about the meanings of your dreams? Do you have any satisfactory explanations for your dreams? B: I am curious about the meanings of my dreams, but I can’t come up with any explanations.A: Why do you think people dream? B: It’s hard to say.However, as a Chinese saying goes, “We think of something during the day, and we dream of it during the night.” I think when the body is at rest, the mind, probably a part of the brain, continues to work.That may be the reason why we dream.Part Two Reading-Centered Activities
In-Class Reading
Post-Reading Reading Comprehension 1.I Introduction: Questions concerning dreams have puzzled human beings.(Para.1)II Dreaming and sleeping(Paras.2-3)i Dreaming occurs when we are in a REM(Rapid Eye Movement)sleep.ii The main purposes of sleeping may be to allow us to rest and to dream.III Possible causes of dreams(Paras.4-6)i Physiological cause Example: Sleeping with one’s feet too close to a heater may cause one to dream of walking on hot coals.ii Reflection of inner fears Example: Worrying about losing one’s job may cause one to dream of losing one’s job.IV Dream interpretations(Paras.7-9)i The earliest dream dictionaries indicated that drinking wine predicted a short life and drinking water meant a long life.ii Artemidorus’ dictionary includes symbols such as right hand(father), left hand(mother)and dolphin(a good omen).iii Most experts warn that dream interpretations should be read with care.2.T 2 T 3 T 4 T 5 F 6 T 7 T 8 T 9 F 10 F 3.Sample • I agree with Kenneth Saunders’ opinion.First, different people have different personalities, social backgrounds and experiences.Since dreams are kinds of subjective activities in one’s brain, different people may see the world in different ways.Second, I think to some extent, dreams are closely related to real life.So, you are likely to make mistakes if you try to interpret someone’s dreams without knowing what exactly the person has experienced.• I think it is possible to analyze a dream without knowing the dreamer.If we share the same language, culture and physical environment, we would have a lot in common, at least, for example, the nature of human beings.Of course, people have different ways of thinking, but it doesn’t mean we can’t understand each other.I’m very interested in learning about dreams and ways of interpreting dreams.Vocabulary 1 1 explanation 2 enthusiasts 3 frustrating 4 popularity 5 unconscious 6 electric / electrical 7 movements 8 recognizable 9 interpretation 10 countless 2 1 asleep 2 sleepless 3 sleep 4 sleepy 5 asleep 6 slept 7 sleeping, sleep 8 sleeper 9 sleep 10 overslept 3 1 submerged: go below the surface of the sea, river or lake（使）浸没，淹没 subculture: the behavior, practices, etc.associated with a group within a society 亚文化 3 submarine: a special type of ship which can travel under water 潜水艇 subway: the passage under ground along which pedestrians can pass 地下通道 5 subzero:(of temperatures)below zero 零度以下的 Subtropical: belonging to or relating to parts of the world that have warm and humid weather 副热带的，亚热带的 subspecies: a subdivision of a species（物种的）亚种 subnormal: below an average or expected standard, especially of intelligence 低于正常标准的 9 subdivided: divide the parts of sth.that has already been divided 再分，重分 subtitles: words shown at the bottom of a film or television picture to explain what is being said 4 mislead nonstop unprepared misunderstanding non-verbal non-existent nonprofit uncommon unfamiliarity uncover 1 uncovered 2 misunderstanding 3 nonprofit 4 unprepared 5 uncommon 6 non-verbal 7 nonstop 8 misled 9 non-existent 10 unfamiliarity 5 1 progressed 2 puzzled 3 process 4 reflected 5 predict 6 advances 7 symbol 8 conscious / aware 9 inner 10 mode Translation 1 You will see that what I am saying now will come true.2 When young people remain single, they are open to pressure from other people.3 The problem of unemployment is tied up with the development of new technology.4 His appearance has changed so much that you may well not recognize him.5 The tour guide said that some castles date back to the 13th century.6 She has never done anything for them, whereas they have done everything they can for her.5 Part Three Further Development 1.Grammar Review 1 having ever had a chance / having ever been given a chance 2 to lock her door 3 visiting only once a month 4 to stay in full-time education 5 to phone you 6 trying to escape 7 to put their needs first 8 reading 9 to build / building the house 10 to be so rude to him 2.Vocabulary Review 1
A natural: not involving anything made by people 天然的，自然的
B neutral: a neutral color is not very strong or bright 暗淡的，不鲜艳的 C natural: to be expected;usual 合乎情理的，惯常的
D neutral: not supporting any of the people or groups involved in an argument or disagreement 中立的，不偏不倚的 2 A shattered:(cause to)break suddenly into very small pieces（使）粉碎
B crashing: hit sth.or sb.extremely hard while moving, in a way that causes a lot of damage or makes a lot of noise 撞击
C crack:(cause to)break without dividing into separate parts（使）开裂 D crash: an accident in which a vehicle violently hits sth.else 碰撞 3
A ancient: of or from a long time ago, having lasted for a very long time, or very old 古代的，远古的，古老的
B early: near the beginning of a period of time 早期的，初期的
C previous: happening or existing before the one mentioned 先前的，以前的
D ancient:(informal)when you say “sth.is ancient history”, you mean it happened long time ago and is not important now 从前的（事）4 A sign: an event, fact, etc.which shows that sth.exists or is happening 迹象，征兆 B symbol: a shape or design that is used to represent sth.such as an idea 象征
C signal: a sound or action that you make in order to give information to sb.or tell them to do sth.信号
D signs / symbols: a standard mark that is used to represent sth.符号，记号 5
A view: state of seeing or being seen from a particular place 视野 B vision: ability to see;eyesight 视力
C vision: an imagined mental picture of sth.想象，幻想
D outlook: your general attitude toward life and the world（对生活、世界的）观点，见解
E view: personal opinion or attitude 观点，看法 6
A errors / mistakes: things done incorrectly through ignorance or wrong judgment 错误，失误 B fault: if sth.bad that has happened is your fault, you should be blamed for it 过错 C error: a moral wrong 道德上的错误
D fault: sth.that is wrong with a machine, system, design, etc, which prevents it from working properly 故障
E mistake: “by mistake” is a fixed phrase, if you do sth.by mistake, you do it without intending to 错误地（并非故意）7
A confused: unable to think clearly 被弄糊涂的
B confusing: difficult to understand;puzzling 令人迷惑的
C confusion: a situation in which sb.wrongly thinks that a person or thing is sb.or sth.混淆 D confuse: mistake one person or thing for another 混淆 8
A conscious: noticing the existence or presence of sth.particular 意识到的，知道的 B unconscious: in the state of having lost consciousness 失去知觉的
C subconscious: present at a hidden level of the mind 潜意识的，下意识的
D consciousness: the state of being awake, thinking and aware of what is happening around you 意识，神志清醒 3.Interpreting Dreams Sample 1 Her dream tells her that she would feel the same about herself as she does about the sow if she did not control her eating.The dream reflects her inner conflicts between two desires: to be on diet and to indulge herself.Subconsciously the former seems to take the upper hand over the latter.2 It seems that Sara is still in love with her ex-boyfriend, although she thinks she has got over him.Now that he has a new girlfriend, she is quite conscious that she has lost him for good.The death of her ex-boyfriend is an indication of her determination of forgetting him and starting a new life.The symbol of the car accident is a good omen, implying good health of her ex.3 The poor condition of the car is an indication of poor health, poor academic or business performance.Falling down a cliff means Peter was riding in a wrong direction and failed to end up well.In this context, the dream is suggesting that Peter was doing something dangerous, and he had troubles either physically or academically.4.Describing a Dream Sample One night, I woke up from a dream to check my watch.It said 1:00 pm and it was very bright outside.I was very scared since that morning was my first day of school for the new semester, and I was supposed to wake up before 7:00 am.Oversleeping to 1:00 pm would have been terrible!I tried to get up and get out of bed.But I was unable to...instead, I went back to sleep again, and continued with my dream.Finally, I woke up and checked my watch.It was only 5:00 am, two hours before the time for me to get up for class.It was still dark outside.Not until then did I realize that the earlier checking of my watch had happened in a dream.Additional activity 1.Remembering Your Dreams STEP ONE In a short paragraph, write down the details of a dream that you once had.If you can’t remember a dream, invent one.STEP TWO Tell your dream to your partner.When you have finished, check whether other classmates can remember all the details.Your partner uses a question tag and you use short answers.Example: Partner: In your dream you were eating a giant ice-cream, weren’t you? You: Yes, I was.Partner: Suddenly it began to melt, didn’t it? You: Yes, it did.2.Four Kinds of Dreams STEP ONE Provide the features of the four categories that dreams usually fall into.1 Daily Processing: Most dreams fall in the realm of “daily processing”, clearing the garbage from our minds—dumping input from the day that’s no longer needed.We don’t remember most of these dreams, and those we do remember can usually be easily related to our lives.2 Problem-solving: “Problem-solving” dreams are just what you might think—your subconscious knows all—it knows your problems and it knows how to solve them.If the subconscious thinks its solution is important enough, up pops a problem-solving dream.We don’t always remember these dreams, but our conscious mind does and acts on them directly and, like our daily processing dreams, we can normally interpret them for ourselves.3 Psychological: For most of us, these dreams are about our relationships, past sufferings, our fears and anxieties, guilt and resentment.In these “psychological dreams”, we’re not solving a problem or making a decision, we’re simply facing something about ourselves or our current situation that’s probably been holding us back.Some of these dreams, especially those that are repetitive, require interpretation.Some repetitive dreams may first be defined as psychological in nature, but are actually indicative of physical problems that require medical attention.4 Precognitive: “Precognitive” dreams deliver psychic information.You dream about a friend and then see them the next day, or you dream your sister is pregnant and she is!For most of us, precognitive dreams aren’t so obvious because our ego shadows our psychic information with symbols.Precognitive dreams can often be identified by their quality: The light is strange, or you clearly feel that you’re in another dimension.Objects are oddly shaped or made of unusual materials.These dreams are almost always worth recording and tracking for they will be rich with information, much of which presented in symbols.STEP TWO Students work in groups to describe their dreams in turn.After each description, the other members in the group work together to determine which of the categories the dream belongs to.STEP THREE Choose the most interesting dream from the group and present it to the class.Part Four
Writing and Translation 2.Translation Practice 梦是心灵的谈话
我们人类至今尚未开启通往梦的世界的大门。尽管我们很多人都意识到了做梦的价值，希望了解我们在梦境中的活动，但大多数人仍觉得人在睡眠中就像进入梦幻世界一样。有些人认为梦中的生活跟醒着的生活一样真实，而且在积极寻找方法控制睡眠时的思维活动，然而很少有人会将清醒时发生的事情跟梦中发生的事情联系在一起。心理学家和心理玄学家在20世纪90年代普遍认为，我们的梦境包含着日常生活的内容。因此，学习去记忆并“挖掘”我们的梦是非常有用的。许多重要的科学发现就来源于梦境中发生的事件。3.Writing Sample A Nightmare I grew up in the country and life was hard at that time.I used to share a small bed with my younger brother.We would often fight for space.One night, I had a terrible dream.In the dream, our village was occupied by foreign invaders.The invaders were taking away property and children from households.They set houses on fire and killed anyone who did not obey them.I managed to hide in a pile of hay.I could hear my heart thumping when I saw some foreign soldiers coming toward our house.I couldn’t see them clearly because my eyes were covered with hay.I could hear them coming nearer and talking angrily, but I didn’t understand anything they said.Just then, I realized that one of my arms was not fully covered.I wanted to hide it but I dared not move.Then one of the soldiers discovered me.I was almost frightened to death, but still I didn’t move.Then I felt a severe pain on my left arm.I was wounded by a soldier with a sword.I woke up and realized that I had just had a nightmare.But my left arm was hurting.My brother’s leg had been pressing on my arm.
第三篇：unit 2 课文翻译
Smart cars that can see, hear, feel, smell, and talk? And drive on their own? This may sound like a dream, but the computer revolution is set to turn it into a reality.能看、能听、有知觉、具嗅觉、会说话的智能汽车？还能自动驾驶？这听起来或许像是在做梦，但计算机革命正致力于把这一切变为现实。
Smart Cars智能汽车
Michio Kaku米其奥•卡库
Even the automobile industry, which has remained largely unchanged for the last seventy years, is about to feel the effects of the computer revolution.即便是过去70年间基本上没有多少变化的汽车工业，也将感受到计算机革命的影响。
The automobile industry ranks as among the most lucrative and powerful industries of the twentieth century.There are presently 500 million cars on earth, or one car for every ten people.Sales of the automobile industry stand at about a trillion dollars, making it the world's biggest manufacturing industry.汽车工业是20世纪最赚钱、最有影响力的产业之一。目前世界上有5亿辆车，或者说每10人就有1辆车。汽车工业的销售额达一万亿美元左右，从而成为世界上最大的制造业。
The car, and the roads it travels on, will be revolutionized in the twenty-first century.The key to tomorrow's “smart cars” will be sensors.“We'll see vehicles and roads that see and hear and feel and smell and talk and act,” predicts Bill Spreitzer, technical director of General Motors Corporation's ITS program, which is designing the smart car and road of the future.汽车及其行驶的道路，将在21世纪发生重大变革。未来“智能汽车”的关键在于传感器。“我们会见到能看、能听、有知觉、具嗅觉、会说话并能采取行动的车辆与道路，”正在设计未来智能汽车和智能道路的通用汽车公司ITS项目的技术主任比尔•斯普雷扎预言道。
Approximately 40,000 people are killed each year in the United States in traffic accidents.The number of people that are killed or badly injured in car accidents is so vast that we don't even bother to mention them in the newspapers anymore.Fully half of these fatalities come from drunk drivers, and many others from carelessness.A smart car could eliminate most of these car accidents.It can sense if a driver is drunk via electronic sensors that can pick up alcohol vapor in the air, and refuse to start up the engine.The car could also alert the police and provide its precise location if it is stolen.美国每年有大约4万人死于交通事故。在汽车事故中死亡或严重受伤的人数太多，我们已经不屑在报纸上提及。这些死亡的人中至少有半数是酒后开车者造成的，另有许多死亡事故是驾驶员不小心所导致。智能汽车能消除绝大多数这类汽车事故。它能通过会感测空气中的酒精雾气的电子传感器检测开车者是否喝醉酒，并拒绝启动引擎。这种车还能在遇窃后通报警方，告知车辆的确切地点。
Smart cars have already been built which can monitor one's driving and the driving conditions nearby.Small radars hidden in the bumpers can scan for nearby cars.Should you make a serious driving mistake(e.g., change lanes when there is a car in your “blind spot”)the computer would sound an immediate warning.能监控行车过程以及周围行车状况的智能汽车已经建造出来。藏在保险杠里的微型雷达能对周围的汽车作扫描。如果你发生重大行车失误（如变道时有车辆你“盲点”内），计算机立即会发出警报。
At the MIT Media Lab, a prototype is already being built which will determine how sleepy you are as you drive, which is especially important for long-distance truck drivers.The monotonous, almost hypnotic process of staring at the center divider for long hours is a grossly underestimated, life-threatening hazard.To eliminate this, a tiny camera hidden in the dashboard can be trained on a driver's face and eyes.If the driver's eyelids close for a certain length of time and his or her driving becomes erratic, a computer in the dashboard could alert the driver.在麻省理工学院媒介实验室，业已制造出能测知你行车时有多少睡意的样车，这对长途卡车司机意义尤其重要。一连数小时注视着中夹分道线这样一个单调、几乎能催眠的过程是被严重低估的威胁生命的重大隐患。为消除这一隐患，藏在仪表板里的一架微型相机可对准开车者的脸部及眼睛。如果司机的眼帘合上一定时间，行车变得不稳，仪表板里的计算机就会向司机发出警报。
Two of the most frustrating things about driving a car are getting lost and getting stuck in traffic.While the computer revolution is unlikely to cure these problems, it will have a positive impact.Sensors in your car tuned to radio signals from orbiting satellites can locate your car precisely at any moment and warn of traffic jams.We already have twenty-four Navstar satellites orbiting the earth, making up what is called the Global Positioning System.They make it possible to determine your location on the earth to within about a hundred feet.At any given time, there are several GPS satellites orbiting overhead at a distance of about 11,000 miles.Each satellite contains four “atomic clocks,” which vibrate at a precise frequency, according to the laws of the quantum theory.开车最头疼的两大麻烦是迷路和交通堵塞。虽然计算机革命不可能彻底解决这两个问题，但却会带来积极的影响。你汽车上与绕轨道运行的卫星发出的无线电信号调谐的传感器能随时精确地确定你汽车的方位，并告知交通阻塞情况。我们已经有24颗环绕地球运行的导航卫星，组成了人们所说的全球卫星定位系统。通过这些卫星我们有可能以小于100英尺的误差确定你在地球上的方位。在任何一个特定时间，总有若干颗全球定位系统的卫星在11000英里的高空绕地球运行。每颗卫星都装有4个“原子钟”，它们根据量子理论法则，以精确的频率振动。
As a satellite passes overhead, it sends out a radio signal that can be detected by a receiver in a car's computer.The car's computer can then calculate how far the satellite is by measuring how long it took for the signal to arrive.Since the speed of light is well known, any delay in receiving the satellite's signal can be converted into a distance.卫星从高空经过时发出能被汽车上计算机里的接收器辨认的无线电信号。汽车上的计算机就会根据信号传来所花的时间计算出卫星有多远。由于光速为人熟知，接收卫星信号时的任何时间迟缓都能折算出距离的远近。
In Japan there are already over a million cars with some type of navigational capability.(Some of them locate a car's position by correlating the rotations in the steering wheel to its position on a map.)在日本，具有某种导航能力的汽车已有一百万辆之多。（有些导航装置通过将方向盘的转动与汽车在地图上的位置并置来测定汽车的方位。）
With the price of microchips dropping so drastically, future applications of GPS are virtually limitless.“The commercial industry is poised to explode,” says Randy Hoffman of Magellan Systems Corp., which manufactures navigational systems.Blind individuals could use GPS sensors in walking sticks, airplanes could land by remote control, hikers will be able to locate their position in the woods--the list of potential uses is endless.随着微芯片价格的大幅度下降，未来对全球卫星定位系统的应用几乎是无限的。“制造这一商品的工业定会飞速发展，”生产导航系统的麦哲伦航仪公司的兰迪•霍夫曼说。盲人可以在手杖里装配全球卫星定位系统传感器，飞机可以通过遥控着陆，徒步旅行者可以测定自己在林中的方位—其潜在的应用范围是无止境的。
GPS is actually but part of a larger movement, called “telematics,” which will eventually attempt to put smart cars on smart highways.Prototypes of such highways already exist in Europe, and experiments are being made in California to mount computer chips, sensors, and radio transmitters on highways to alert cars to traffic jams and obstructions.全球卫星定位系统其实只是叫做“远程信息学”的这一更大行动的一部分，这一行动最终将把智能汽车送上智能高速公路。这种高速公路的样品已经在欧洲问世，加州也在进行试验，在高速公路上安装计算机芯片、传感器和无线电发射机，以便向汽车报告交通拥挤堵塞情况。
On an eight-mile stretch of Interstate 15 ten miles north of San Diego, traffic engineers are installing an MIT-designed system which will introduce the “automated driver.” The plan calls for computers, aided by thousands of three-inch magnetic spikes buried in the highway, to take complete control of the driving of cars on heavily trafficked roads.Cars will be bunched into groups of ten to twelve vehicles, only six feet apart, traveling in unison, and controlled by computer.在圣迭戈以北10英里的15号州际公路一段8英里长的路面上，交通工程师正在安装一个由麻省理工学院设计的引进“自动司机”的系统。这一计划要求计算机在公路上埋设的数千个3英寸长的磁钉的协助下，在车辆极多的路段完全控制车辆的运行。车辆会编成10辆或12辆一组，车距仅6英尺，在计算机的控制下一齐行驶。
Promoters of this computerized highway have great hopes for its future.By 2010, telematics may well be incorporated into one of the major highways in the United States.If successful, by 2020, as the price of microchips drops to below a penny a piece, telematics could be adopted in thousands of miles of highways in the United States.This could prove to be an environmental boon as well, saving fuel, reducing traffic jams, decreasing air pollution, and serving as an alternative to highway expansion.这种计算机化的公路的倡导者对其未来的应用充满希望。到2010年，远程信息技术很可能应用于美国的一条主要公路。如果成功的话，到2020年，当微芯片的价格降到一片一美分以下时，远程信息技术就会应用在美国成千上万英里的公路上。这对环保也会很有利，能节省燃油，减轻交通阻塞，减少空气污染，还可用作公路扩建的替代办法。
第四篇：Unit 4-课文翻译
Unit 4 American Dream
Homework Sheet for Students
Unit 4 American Dream Text A Tony Trivisonno’s American Dream
摘要: 美国梦对不同的人有不同的意义。但对许多人，尤其是对移民而言，它意味着改善自己生活的机会。对于他们，美国梦的含义就是才能与勤劳能让你从小木屋走向白宫。托尼·特里韦索诺并没有爬到那么高，但他成功地使自己的梦想成真
托尼·特里韦索诺的美国梦
弗雷德里克·c·克罗弗德 他来自意大利罗马以南某地一个满地石子的农庄。他什么时候怎么到美国的，我不清楚。不过，有天晚上，我看到他站在我家车库后面的车道上。他身高五英尺七、八左右，人很瘦。
“我割你的草坪，”他说。他那结结巴巴的英语很难听懂。
我问他叫什么名字。“托尼·特里韦索诺，”他回答说。“我割你的草坪。”我对托尼讲，本人雇不起园丁。
“我割你的草坪，”他又说道，随后便走开了。我走进屋子，心里有点不快。没错，眼下这大萧条的日子是不好过，可我怎么能把一个上门求助的人就这么打发走呢? 等我第二天晚上下班回到家，草坪已修整过了，花园除了草，人行道也清扫过了。我便问太太是怎么回事。
“有个人把割草机从汽车库里推出来就在院子里忙活起来，”她回答说。“我还以为是你雇他来的。”
’
我就把前晚的事跟她说了。我俩都觉得奇怪，他怎么没提出要工钱。
接下来的两天挺忙·，我把托尼的事给忘了。我们在尽力重整业务，要让一部分工人回厂里来。但在星期五，回家略微早了些，我又在汽车库后面看到了托尼。我对他干的活夸奖了几句。
“我割你的草坪，”他说。
我设法凑了一小笔微薄的周薪，就这样托尼每天清扫院子，有什么零活，他都干了。我太太说，但凡有重物要搬或有什么要修理的，他挺派得上用场。
夏去秋来，凉风阵阵。“克罗先生，快下雪了，”有天晚上托尼跟我说。“等冬天到了，你让我在厂里干扫雪的活。”
啊，对这种执着与期盼，你又能怎样呢?自然，托尼得到了厂里的那份活儿。几个月过去了。我让人事部门送上一份报告。他们说托尼干得挺棒。一天我在汽车库后面我们以前见面的地方看到了托尼。“我想学徒，”他说。
我们有个挺不错的培训工人的徒工学校。可我怀疑托尼是否有能力学会看图纸、用千分尺，是否胜任做精密加工工作。尽管如此，可我怎么能拒绝他呢? 托尼减了薪水当了徒工。几个月之后，我收到报告，他已从徒工学校毕业，成了熟练磨工。他学会了在千分尺上辨识一百万分之一英寸，会用镶嵌着金刚石的工具制作砂轮。我和太太都挺高兴，觉得他的事总算有了个令人满意的结局。
BY Wei Chunyan
Oct.20, 2015 Unit 4 American Dream
Homework Sheet for Students
一两年过去了，我在托尼惯常等我的地方又看到了他。我们聊起了他的工作，接着我问他有什么要求。
“克罗先生，”他说，“我想买房。”在小镇边上，他看到有房出售，完全是幢破房。我去见——·位当银行家的朋友。“人品贷款你干不干?”我问。“不干，”他说。“我们承担不起。没门。” “哎，等等，”我应道。“有个人干活勤勉，人品端正，这一点我担保。他有个好工作。眼下，你从你那块地上—分钱也得不到。那块地空在那儿要好多年呢。至少他会付你利息嘛。” 那位银行家勉强开了两干美金抵押贷款，没要托尼首付就把房子给了他。托尼乐不可支。从那以后，只要我家附近有什么被人扔弃的零星杂物，坏了的屏风啦，五金器具啦，包装纸板啦，托尼都要收起来拿回家，看他这个样子真是有意思。
约摸过了两年，我在我们见面的老地方又看到了托尼。他身子似乎挺直了些，人也见胖了，样子挺自信。
“克罗先生，我卖房子!”他得意地说。“我得了八千美金。” 我非常吃惊。“可是，托尼，没了房子你住哪儿呢?” “克罗先生，我买农庄。”
我们坐下聊了起来。托尼告诉我说，拥有一个农庄是他的梦想。他喜欢番茄，辣椒以及意大利菜肴中相当重要的其它各种蔬菜。．他把在意大利的妻子和儿子女儿都接来了。他在小镇周边到处找，终于找到一处没人要的一小块地产，有一幢房，还有间小棚。他正在把家搬到农庄去。
又过了一些时候，在一个星期日的下午托尼来了，他穿戴得整整齐齐。和他一起来的还有另一位意大利人。他告诉我，他说服了儿时的，伙伴前来美国。托尼为他作经济担保。他眼里露出顽皮的神情，对我说，他俩来到他经营的小农庄时，他的朋友惊奇地站住说，“托尼，你是个百万富翁啦!”
后来，在战争期间，公司里传出了一个消息。托尼去世了。
我让公司的人去他家看看，确保各项事宜都得到妥善安置。他们看到农场上长着绿油油的蔬菜，小屋布置得舒适温馨，院子里有一辆拖拉机，还有一辆不错的汽车。孩子受过教育都工作了，托尼身前没有分文欠债。
托尼去世后，我一直想着他的经历。他的形象在我心目中越来越高大。最后，我觉得他就和美国那些最大的实业家一样高大、自豪。
他们都通过同样的途径，本着同样的价值观和原则获得了成功：远见、执着、自制、乐观、自尊，以及最重要的，正直。
托尼不是从最低——级阶梯往上爬的，他是从地下室往上爬的。托尼的事业很小，那些最大的实业家的事业很大。但究其实两者的资产负债表完全一样。惟——的不同是你把小数点点在什么地方。
．
托尼•特里韦索诺来到美国寻求美国梦。但他没有找到什么美国梦——他为自己创造了个美国梦。他的全部拥有是天宝贵的二十四小时，而他—刻也没有浪费。
BY Wei Chunyan
Oct.20, 2015 Unit 4 American Dream
Homework Sheet for Students
Text B With His Own Two Hands
他用自己的双手实现了梦想
麦克斯·亚历山大
阿尔弗雷多·金尼奥内斯-伊诺霍萨弯着腰在田地里采摘西红柿，炽热的太阳灼烤着他的肌肤。很少有美国人愿意为了一星期挣区区155美元去干这个活。在加州中部这个方圆10,000英亩的农场上，跟金尼奥内斯一起打工的伙计，大多与他一样是来自墨西哥的非法移民。
一年前，在1987年的1月2日，金尼奥内斯19岁生日那天，他在表兄弟的协助下跃过了加州边境城市加利西哥市的隔离栏，进入了美国。
阿尔弗雷多是家里五个孩子中的老大，五岁起便开始干活，在父亲经营的加油站里给汽车加油。长大一点以后，他又在一个卖玉米面卷的摊子打工，帮家里挣些额外收入。但是，他仍旧继续他的学业。“父亲总是对我说，‘你想像我这样吗？那就别去上学。’我可不想步他的后尘。”14岁的时候，金尼奥内斯取得了进入墨西卡利市一个速成班的资格，那个速成班要把学生培养成小学教师。
他几乎以班里最优异的成绩毕业。然而，由于家里没有有权有势的熟人，他被分配在一个边远的学校任教。“我不愿忍受那种不公的待遇，”他说道。不久，他打算离开墨西哥去寻找更好的机会。以前，他来过美国两次，在夏季打短工。所以，这次到来之后，他就和表兄弟直奔圣华金河谷，找农活干。“我采西红柿、花椰菜、球花甘蓝，还收玉米，摘葡萄。” 在农田里抬头望去，金尼奥内斯能看到的最好工作便是开大型拖拉机。拖拉机手都有技术，还监管其他劳工。别人告诉他，要想得到这种晋升机会，需要干完十年农活。然而，没过多久，他就操纵起结构复杂的犁和挖沟机了。他还学会了如何检修发动机，拿到了临时工作许可证。
几个月后，金尼奥内斯告诉表兄弟他打算离开农场。表兄弟回答说：“你胡说什么？在这里坚持干下去，有一天你能当上工头！”
“有时人得冒点险嘛，” 金尼奥内斯说道。
他来到斯托克顿，在一个铁路车辆调度场找到一份活。这样，他就可以在圣华金三角洲学院上夜校学习英语。他的第一份工作——铲硫磺，又臭又脏，是他一辈子干过的最糟糕的工作。像从前那样，他又一次努力学会了新的技能，这次是作为焊工修理罐车的阀门。不到一年，他当上了工头。
金尼奥内斯英语长进了，他就改上夜班，开始全日学习科学和数学。为了维持生计，他还兼当其他学生的辅导老师。
1991年，他获得准学士学位以后，被加州大学伯克利分校录取。他搬到奥克兰一个房租低廉的地区，靠奖学金、贷款、少量的补助金以及一如既往地打工勉强度日。
在伯克利激烈竞争的环境中，金尼奥内斯表现出色，高等课程始终门门优秀。他的优秀毕业论文论述人脑中毒品感受器的作用。作为兼职，他还教授微积分。到了1993年的春季，他的导师看了看他的成绩报告单，对他说他很有希望进入哈佛大学医学院。金尼奥内斯决定试一试。
哈佛录取了他。于是，在1994年的秋季，金尼奥内斯来到了东部。三年后，他成为美
BY Wei Chunyan
Oct.20, 2015 Unit 4 American Dream
Homework Sheet for Students
国公民。“那是在我翻越隔离栏后的第十个年头，我坐在那儿不禁想到，我的境况改善得多快啊。” 在哈佛医学院毕业时，他在学位颁授典礼上致辞。之后，他又去加州大学旧金山分校接受神经外科学方面的训练。这样的前景既令人兴奋，又令人心悸。一个非法入境的干农活的墨西哥人能成为脑外科医生？似乎不可能。
结果，住院实习期成了金尼奥内斯美国之旅的人生低谷。“神经外科学是为出身医学世家的人士预留的,” 他郑重其事地说。“很少看到像我这样的人能进入这个要求极高的领域，这是一个许多病人会死亡的领域。” 以前，他曾遭受过歧视——农场主的儿子对他故意视而不见，过去一位女友的母亲因为他的国籍而对他不屑一顾。“他们这样做使我心中的怒火烧得更旺，” 他说。为了一年挣30,000美元，每周得干130个小时，他承认有时他想到了放弃。“没能力养家糊口，我感受到了父亲当年的心境，”他说。“但是，我有一个梦。” 此刻，现年40岁的著名脑外科医生金尼奥内斯大夫正端坐在病人的床边。这是一个星期五的上午，在位于巴尔的摩的约翰·霍普金斯湾景医学中心，和他在一起的是这一天他的第二个脑外科手术病人。这位六十多岁的妇女长了两个肿瘤，其中一个长在控制肌肉运动的脑皮层中高度敏感的部位。金尼奥内斯握住她的手，看着她的双眼。“手术结果的好坏，使我每天提心吊胆。坏的结果可能意味着生死存亡。” 他坦率地对她说。她点点头。金大夫——大家都这么称呼他——认为病人值得同情，也理应坦诚相待。“那就是风险所在，”结束谈话时，他对她这样说。“我们一切准备就绪。过一会儿再见。” 四个半小时的手术进行得很顺利——病人苏醒时运动功能没有丧失。金大夫为此欣喜若狂。
尽管金尼奥内斯大夫年纪尚轻，他的同事们对他却印象深刻。“他不仅很有才干，尽职尽责，而且他能充分理解病人的需求。” 约翰·霍普金斯湾景医学中心的神经外科主任亨利·布莱姆如是说，“此外，他还是一个浑身洋溢着欢乐的人，热情奔放，充满行善天下的使命感。” 现在已是晚上七点多，金大夫已连续工作了12个小时。其他医生忙着赶回家度周末，而他却直奔位于巴尔的摩市中心的研究实验室。实验室是他手术室的延伸：他在那里研究手术中摘除的癌组织，借以找到新的治疗方法。他解释说：“我们希望使脑癌变成有点像糖尿病那样的慢性病，而不是一种毁灭性的致命疾病。” 第二天下午，许多医科学生来到金大夫家，享用一顿兼具墨西哥及美国南部特色的露天烤肉餐。在后阳台上，金大夫边翻转着烤架上的玉米薄饼边说道：“我想我的背景使我能更加人性化地与病人交往。他们感到害怕时，我感同身受。令我感到幸运的是，病人们允许我触及他们的大脑，触及他们的生命。进入他们的大脑，展现在我眼前的是这些不可思议的血管。此情此景总会把我的思绪带回到我用自己的双手采摘硕大而美丽的西红柿的那些岁月。此刻，在手术室，看着这同样的颜色——使大脑充满营养和奇迹的鲜红颜色，我仿佛回到了田间，正在那儿劳作。”
BY Wei Chunyan
Oct.20, 2015
第五篇：新编大学英语Unit2课文翻译及课后练习答案
Unit 2 Myths and Legends In-Class Reading Why the Tortoise’s Shell Is Not Smooth
为什么乌龟的背壳凹凸不平从远处他妻子们的那些小木屋里传来的低声细语，时不时地被歌声打断，但是奥康瓦还是听到了，这是妻子们同各自的孩子在讲民间故事。爱克蔚菲和她的女儿爱金玛坐在一块小地毯上。现在，轮到爱克蔚菲讲故事了。霎时，低声细语静了下来，所有的眼睛都转向她们最喜欢的故事能手。2 “很久以前”，她开始讲道，“所有的鸟儿都被邀请到天上赴宴。它们非常高兴，开始为这盛大的日子做准备。它们用颜料把自己的身体涂成深红色并画上漂亮的图案。“乌龟看到了所有这些准备活动，并很快了解了事情的来龙去脉。动物界里发生的任何事都逃不过他的眼睛，（因为）他狡黠无比，诡计多端。他一听说这一天上的盛宴，不禁垂涎三尺。那些日子正在闹饥荒，乌龟已经有两个月没好好吃一顿饭了。他的身体就像一段枯柴棍在空荡荡的躯壳里咔咔作响。于是他稳扎稳打地开始计划如何能到天上去。” 4 “但是他没有翅膀呀，”爱金玛说。5 “别性急，”她母亲回答道，“故事（的关键）就在这里。乌龟没有翅膀，但他去找鸟儿们，请求能跟他们一起去。” 6 “‘我们太了解你了，’鸟儿们听了他的请求后说道。‘你诡计多端并且忘恩负义。如果我们答应你，你马上就会施展诡计。我们老早就把你看透了。’ 7 “‘你们不了解我，’乌龟说。‘我已经脱胎换骨了，不再是你们以前所知道的那个捣蛋鬼了。相反，我现在既体贴又善良。我已经认识到，给别人制造麻烦的人就是在给自己制造麻烦。放心吧，我保证不给你们增添任何麻烦。’ “乌龟巧舌如簧，没过多久，所有的鸟儿都一致认为，他确实已经脱胎换骨了，于是每只鸟儿都给了他一根羽毛，用这些羽毛，乌龟做了两只色彩绚丽的翅膀。“最后，这盛大的日子终于来到了，乌龟第一个到达了集合地点。等所有的鸟儿都来齐了，他们就一块儿动身。乌龟飞在鸟儿们中间，非常高兴，而且由于他擅长演说，很快就被推选为大伙儿的发言人。10 “‘有件重要的事我们绝不能忘记，’他在飞行途中说道。‘当人们被邀请参加类似于这样的盛宴时，要特意给自己取个新名字。天上的主人们一定也希望我们能遵循这一古***俗。’ “鸟儿们谁也没听说过这一习俗，但他们知道，尽管乌龟在其它方面不怎么样，却到过许多地方，知晓不同民族的风俗习惯。于是他们每人都取了一个新名字。等他们全都取好了，乌龟也取了一个。他的新名字叫‘你们大家’。“最后群鸟飞到了天上，那儿的主人们见到他们非常高兴。乌龟穿着他那五彩的羽衣，起身对主人们的邀请深表谢意。他的讲话如此得体，所有的鸟儿都很庆幸把他带了来，对他所说的一切都点头赞同。主人们把他当成了鸟儿们的国王，尤其是因为他看起来有那么点儿与众不同。13 “精选出来的各种果仁呈上来吃完之后，天上的人们在客人们面前摆上了乌龟从未见过或梦到过的美味佳肴。汤刚从炉子上烧好就连着罐子热气腾腾地端上来了，里面全是肉和鱼。乌龟开始很响地嗅气。有甜薯泥以及用棕榈油和鲜鱼一起煮成的甜薯汤，还有一坛坛棕榈酒。等所有的菜肴在客人们面前摆好后，有一位天上的人走上前来，把每样菜肴都尝一口。然后他请鸟儿们进餐。但这时乌龟一跃而起，问道：‘你们是为谁准备的这个宴会？’
“‘为你们大家啊，’那个人回答道。15 “乌龟转向鸟儿们说：‘你们该记得，我的名字就是“你们大家”。这儿的习俗是先请发言人吃，然后才轮到其他人。我吃完以后，他们会请你们吃的。’ “他开始大吃起来，鸟儿们则私下里生气地抱怨着。天上的人还以为把所有的食物让国王吃是鸟儿们的习俗。就这样，乌龟吃掉了最好的食物，还喝了两坛棕榈酒，于是酒足饭饱了，他的身体胀得胖鼓鼓的，把整个龟壳都撑圆了。“鸟儿们围拢来吃些残羹剩饭，啄着他扔在地上的骨头。有一些鸟儿气得什么都没吃，他们宁可空着肚子飞回去。但是离开前，每只鸟儿都向乌龟要回了各自借给他的那根羽毛。乌龟站在那儿，身上只剩了一个硬壳，里面满是佳肴美酒，却没了可飞回家的翅膀。他请求鸟儿们捎个口信给他的妻子，但被大家拒绝了。最后，最生乌龟气的鹦鹉，突然改变了主意，同意替他带个口信。18 “‘告诉我的妻子，’乌龟说道，‘把家里所有软的东西都拿出来，铺在地上，这样我就可以从天上跳下去，而不至于摔伤了。’ “鹦鹉满口答应一定把这个口信带到，然后窃笑着飞走了。然而，当他飞到乌龟家时，却告诉乌龟的妻子把家里所有硬的、尖的家伙都拿出来。于是乌龟的妻子就尽心尽责地把丈夫的锄头，刀子，长矛，枪甚至他的大炮都搬了出来。乌龟从天上往下看，看到他的妻子正往外搬东西，但相距太远了看不清是些什么。当一切似乎都已准备妥当时，他就纵身一跳。他掉啊，掉啊，掉，直到他开始担心自己会这样一直不停地掉下去。然后，他重重地摔到了地上，那声响就跟他的大炮轰鸣一样。” 20 “他死了吗？”爱金玛问道。21 “没有，”爱克蔚菲回答说。“他的背壳摔成了好几百块碎片。不过，那附近有一个医术高明的行医者。乌龟的妻子就派人把他请来，这位行医者把所有的碎片捡拢来，粘在一起。这就是为什么乌龟的背壳凹凸不平的原因了。”
After-Class Reading
Beauty and the Beast
美女与野兽 从前有一位非常富有的商人，他有六个孩子，三个儿子和三个女儿。他满足女儿想要的一切，但是，除了小女儿，两个大女儿都非常自高自大，被宠坏了。小女儿名叫“美女”。她既美丽又温柔，两个姐姐为此嫉妒得不得了。2 在一个倒霉的日子里，商人得知自己损失了所有的钱，全家人被迫从城里的豪宅搬到乡下一个小房子去住。三个儿子立即帮助父亲张罗外面的琐事。可怜的美女，向来都是仆人照料她的起居。现在她不得不在日出前起床，生火、做饭、打扫屋子。但是她很快适应了这种生活。她说：“哭不会改善现状。我必须努力让自己快乐起来。”然而，她的两个姐姐则每天睡到正午，并且还为美女不像她俩一样痛苦而生气。一年后，这位父亲收到一封信，告知他有一艘失综的船已被找到，并已满载货物而归。全家人都很高兴，因为他们又要变得富有了。在商人离家前，两个大女儿恳求父亲给她们带回各种各样珍贵的首饰和漂亮衣服。“那么我的美女想要什么呢?”父亲问道。“哦，我什么都不需要，但是如果您能带给我一朵玫瑰，我会非常感激的，”她说。当然，美女并不需要玫瑰，只是她想，为了不使自己看上去似乎在批评两个姐姐的贪婪，她最好得要点什么。4 商人来到了港口，但是天哪，船已经沉没了，结果他依然贫穷如前。回家时他在森林里迷了路，并且天开始下起雪来。“我会冻死的，或者被狼吃掉，再也看不到我亲爱的孩子们了，”他伤心地想着。突然，他看到一所富丽堂皇的豪宅，里面灯火通明。他敲了敲门，但 2 没人答应。他走进去，却发现壁炉里炉火正旺，一张桌子上摆满美味佳肴。他等了很长时间，等着主人露面，但是没有人来。他饿极了，于是他最后（忍不住）吃了一点食物。然后他找到一间卧室，并很快在那儿睡着了。第二天早晨他惊讶地发现一套崭新的衣服摆在他面前，一顿新做的早餐等着他去享用。“这儿一定是仙女们住的城堡，” 他想，因此他大声喊了声“谢谢你们”，然后离开了。他惊讶地看到雪已经消失得无影无踪，面前有一个可爱的花园，里面长满了玫瑰花丛。“我只摘一朵玫瑰，给我的美女，”他说，但当他折下玫瑰时却听到了一声很可怕的声音。他看到一头丑陋的怪兽对他说，“忘恩负义的人！我救了你的命，你却偷我的玫瑰来报答我。你必须死!”但是商人乞求野兽看在他孩子们的份上不要杀他。野兽在听说了美女和她要求得到一朵玫瑰的故事之后似乎有了兴趣。“那么你必须叫她到这儿来代替你。给你三个月的时间。回家去，如果她不愿来，那你必须回来。但是我不会让你空着手离开的。到你房间去，你会发现一箱金子，”野兽说。“好吧，如果我必须得死，至少我不会让我的孩子们身无分文，”这位父亲想，于是他带着一箱金子回到了家。5 “给，美女，”他说，“给你这朵玫瑰。你不知道这朵玫瑰将怎样使你不幸的父亲丢掉性命。”于是他把遭遇野兽的事说了一遍。美女立刻坚持要去野兽家，以此来救她父亲一命,而且不愿听任何劝阻。在离开家的那一天，她的姐姐们用洋葱抹眼睛，为她的离开并且很可能丢掉性命而假装悲伤。7 当商人和美女到达那所宫殿时，灯火依旧通明。火旺旺地烧着，桌子上摆满了精美佳肴。“哦，野兽想先把我养肥了再杀死我，”美女想。尽管害怕，为了父亲她仍然表现得振作而又勇敢。突然他们听到一个可怕的声音，野兽出现了。“你是心甘情愿到这儿来的吗?”野兽问。“是的，”美女哆嗦着说。“好，那就和你的父亲道别吧。”悲痛欲绝的商人就这样被迫离开女儿回家了。美女肯定野兽会在那天晚上把她吃掉。（因此）当她发现卧室门的上方有一块刻着“美女房间”的金牌子时非常惊讶。房间里到处是华丽的家俱，书架上排列着所有她爱看的书。还有一架钢琴供她弹奏。在有一本书里还写着：
欢迎美女，不要害怕，你是这儿的王后、这儿的主人。
说出你的愿望，说出你的意愿，你的心愿，马上就会实现。“这一切都这么豪华，我想野兽不会很快吃掉我的，”她说，于是她不太害怕了。10 第二天晚上野兽来到餐桌前说，“美女，让我看着你吃饭，好吗? 如果我在场会打扰你，我就离开。告诉我，你是否觉得我很丑?” 美女说，“是的，”因为她不会说谎，但她补充说：“但我认为你心地非常善良。”他们交谈着，美女开始感觉镇定多了。这时，野兽说，“美女，你愿意嫁给我吗?”尽管美女不想让野兽生气，但她还是说，“不愿意”。野兽开始哀号并且伤心地说，“那么，再见，美女，”然后离开了。三个月的时间里，每天吃晚饭时都发生同样的事情。美女开始期待这些见面，而且因野兽的丑陋所引起的恐惧感也消失了，但是每天晚上，在离开之前，野兽都问同样的问题：“美女，你愿意嫁给我吗?” “哦，野兽，我要是能同意嫁给你就好了。我会永远把你当作我很要好的朋友，但是我并不爱你。”
“但是你能答应永远不离开我吗?”野兽问。
“哦，野兽，我非常担心我亲爱的父亲，我也非常想他。” 15
“啊，那你会离开我，而我这个野兽会伤心死的。” 16
“哦，不，”美女说道，“如果你让我去看望我父亲一次，我一定会回来和你永远生活在一起。”
“你明天就会在家里了，”野兽说。“但是记住，当你想回到我这儿时，你必须在上床睡觉前把戒指放在桌子上。” 第二天早晨，当美女醒来时，发觉自己已在父亲家里，而且房间里满是一箱箱的金子和漂亮高雅的绸缎礼服，都是野兽送给她的。除了两个狠心的姐姐，所有人见了她都十分高兴。两个姐姐嫉妒难耐，却装作非常高兴，请求妹妹能住多久就住多久。第十天晚上美女做了一个梦，梦中她看见野兽躺在花园里，快要死了。她从梦中哭醒过来。“哦，我多么忘恩负义啊！他长得丑陋是他的错吗? 他一直对我那样温和，那样慷慨。原先我为什么不同意嫁给他呢?” 于是她下床，把戒指放到桌上，然后又回到床上睡着了。第二天早晨醒来时她已在野兽的城堡里了。她穿上最漂亮的礼服，等待野兽到来。晚饭过后，野兽仍然没有露面，这时她想起了那个梦，急忙跑到花园里，发现野兽躺在地上，就要死了。她俯身伏在他身上，抱着他大哭。“哦，野兽，请不要死!活下来做我的丈夫。”她一说完这些话，只见眼前光芒闪耀，还有音乐声，她看到的不是丑陋不堪的野兽，而是她所能见到的最英俊的王子。王子被一个邪恶的女巫用可怕的符咒把他镇住，美女把它解除了，王子向她表示感谢。接着，出现了一位拿着魔杖的仙女，然后是美女的全家人。仙女微笑着说，“美女，你做了一个聪明的选择，（因为）你选取了美德而不是美貌。从今以后，你要和王子一起幸福地生活了。” 然后仙女转向美女的两个姐姐说，“你们两个满心嫉妒的人，你们将变作两个石像但却仍具有思考能力。你们将站在美女城堡的门前，看着她每天幸福地生活，直到你们死去的那一天，这是对你们的惩罚。”
课内阅读练习答案
Part One Preparation
1.An Argument about the Sun Sample 1)Both the children are wrong.The sun gives out almost the same amount of heat at any time of the year.We feel sometimes it is hotter, and sometimes it is cooler only because the angle between the sunlight and the surface of the earth varies constantly.That the sun seems bigger at daybreak is an optical illusion.When it appears on the horizon, only a small part of the sky is bright enough to be seen against it.This makes the sun seem bigger.But when it’s high up in the sky, it seems smaller with the huge bright sky against it.That it is cooler in the morning than at midday is not because of the change of the distance between the sun and the earth.It is because of the change of the angle between the sunlight and the surface of the earth.We don’t feel very hot in the morning because less sunlight is received per unit of area when the angle is smaller.But as time passes, more and more sunlight per unit of area penetrates the atmosphere and reaches us, so we feel hotter at midday.2)Confucius was knowledgeable, but not a genius.We can’t expect him to know everything.Everyone has his or her limitations.Another reason is that at that time science was not as developed as it is today and people didn’t have advanced equipment to do research on the sun and the earth.So it was difficult to understand or explain many natural phenomena.3)
―I think Confucius was honest.He didn’t pretend to know the answer.―No one is perfect.One may be an expert in one field, but a novice in other fields.―The children were very curious, a good quality of theirs.But they only saw one side of the phenomenon and then jumped to conclusions.One should consider different aspects before drawing any conclusions.―Children seldom pretend.They do what they want and they say what occurs to them.The two children in the story laughed at Confucius because he could not answer their questions though he was supposed to be a wise man.Adults are less likely to do these kinds of things.2.Chinese Fables
Three at Dusk and Four at Dawn
In the state of Song there was a man who was very fond of monkeys and kept a large number of them.He could understand the monkeys and they could understand him.In order to satisfy the monkeys’ demands, he reduced the food consumption of his family.After a while his family did not have enough to eat, so he wanted to limit the food for his monkeys.But he was afraid the monkeys would not submit to him.So he played a trick on them.“If I give you three chestnuts in the morning and four in the evening, would that be enough?” he asked the monkeys.All the monkeys rose up in a fury.After a short time he said, “If I give you four chestnuts in the morning and three in the evening, would that be enough?”
All the monkeys lay on the floor, happy and satisfied with this proposal.Moral of the story: I think that we can learn two things from the story.First, we should look at the whole picture when we are dealing with a problem, instead of just one side of the problem.If we can’t have a whole view of the problem, we might be fooled by something superficial and can never find the truth.Second, we should be consistent in what we are doing.We should not change our attitude, manner or method from time to time when we are doing a particular job.His Spear Against His Shield In the state of Chu there was a man who had a spear and a shield for sale.He was loud in praises of his shield.“My shield is so strong that nothing can pierce it through.”
He also sang praises of his spear.“My spear is so strong that it can pierce through anything.”
“What would happen,” he was asked, “if your spear is used to pierce your shield?”
He was unable to give an answer.It is impossible for an impenetrable shield to coexist with a spear that finds nothing impenetrable.Moral of the story: This story tells us that we should be logical in what we are talking about.One can not exaggerate too much what he is capable of.Otherwise, he will be laughed at by others.Moreover, one should be honest with other people.A Matter of Dignity
There was a great famine in the state of Qi.Qian Ao, a rich man in Qi, prepared food by the roadside for the hungry to come and eat.Along came a starving man, his sleeves covering his head, his hempen(麻制的)sandals held together by string, walking as if he did not know where he was going.With food in his left hand and drink in his right, Qian Ao shouted at him.“Hey you!Come and eat!”
The man looked up and stared at Qian.“I’m reduced to this state just because I refuse to take anything from loud-mouthed(高谈阔论的, 叽里呱啦的)people giving away food,” he said.Qian immediately begged his pardon but the man still refused to eat and eventually starved to death.Moral of the story: Dignity is more important than anything else.One may lose his life but not his dignity.Today, so many people, in order to reach certain positions or win some titles, give up their conscience or dignity.On the other hand, everyone should respect other people, poor or rich.Only when we are full of respect for other people will we earn other people’s respect.Then the whole society will be in harmony.3.Matching Pictures
1.Aphrodite
2.Ares
3.Hephaestus 4.Artemis 5.Demeter 6.Dionysus
7.Poseidon 8.Athena 9.Apollo
10.Hermes 11.Hera 12.Zeus
Extra exercise: Bedtime Stories
Directions: Of all the bedtime stories your grandparents or parents told you when you were a little child, which one was the most interesting? Share your favorite story with the other members in your group.Sample
Long long ago there were two brothers.The elder brother was rich, but the younger brother was poor.They made a living by cutting wood in the forest.One day when the younger brother was crossing a bridge, his iron axe fell into the water.He was very sad and began to cry.At that time an old man appeared.After he knew what happened, he dove into the water and brought a silver axe to the younger brother, but the younger brother said, “No, this isn’t mine.Mine is made of iron.” Again the old man dove into the water, and brought a gold axe to him.But again he said this wasn’t his.The old man was very happy with this because the younger brother was honest and not greedy.So he gave the younger brother the gold axe.After the younger brother got home, he told all this to his elder brother.On hearing the story the elder brother went to the same bridge and dropped his iron axe into the water.The old man appeared too and dove into the water after knowing what happened.He brought a silver axe to the elder brother, but the elder brother said this wasn’t his, his was a gold one.The old man was very unhappy and brought him a gold axe unwillingly.The elder brother went back home with the gold axe, but as soon as he was home, he became a statue, as a result of the magic power of the gold axe.Part Two Reading-Centered Activities
In-Class Reading
Post-Reading
Reading Comprehension
1.1)Because they were invited to a feast in the sky.2)He saw the birds were busy preparing.3)He planned to go to the feast/sky with the birds.4)They didn’t agree because Tortoise was mischievous, cunning and ungrateful.5)With a sweet tongue, he convinced the birds that he was a changed man.6)He made two wings with all the feathers he got from each bird.7)All of You.8)Nuts, meat and fish soup, pounded yam, yam soup, palm wine, etc.9)For whom have you prepared this feast?
10)Because he knew the answer would be “For all of you”, which was his new name.So he could enjoy all the food first.11)They were very angry.12)They took back the feathers they had lent him.13)He asked them to take a message to his wife.14)Parrot, because he wanted to take advantage of the chance to get revenge.15)He asked Parrot to tell his wife to bring out all the soft things in his house to cover the ground with them so that he would be able to land safely.But Parrot told his wife to bring out all the hard and sharp, not the soft, things instead.16)His shell was broken into hundreds of pieces.2.Ekwefi is telling a story about Tortoise.Long long ago, all the birds got an invitation from the sky to attend a feast there.Tortoise learned about it and with his sweet tongue he persuaded the birds to take him with them and so each bird lent him a feather.Tortoise cunningly thought of an idea that enabled him to have all the food before anyone else by naming himself “All of You.” When they reached the sky, they received a warm welcome and soon the food was presented to them.Then he asked one of the people in the sky: “For whom have you prepared all this feast?” The man replied: “For all of you.” So he ate almost all the best food.The birds became very angry and took back their feathers before flying home.Without feathers, he had to jump onto the ground and his shell was broken into pieces.3.Acting out the Story Sample Bird A: How exciting!All of us are invited to the feast in the sky.Bird B: I just can’t wait.What do you think I should wear? Tortoise: Hello.Good morning.What are you excited about? Bird A: Didn’t you know that we are going to the sky? Bird B: And we are going to have a big dinner.What fun!
Tortoise: How nice it is.What lucky guys.May I go with you? I’m sure we’ll have a lot of fun.Bird A: Yes, we’ll have great fun, but not you.We know you too well.You are full of cunning and you are ungrateful.Bird B: If we allow you to come with us, you will soon begin your mischief.Bird A: We know you of old.Tortoise: You don’t know me now.I’m a changed man.I am not the mischievous man you once knew.In fact, I am thoughtful and well-meaning.I have learned that a man who makes trouble for others is also making trouble for himself.Rest assured, I promise you I will not cause you any trouble.Bird A:(Talking to Bird B)Maybe he is a changed man now.Let’s talk to our bird friends and see if we will take him with us.(After a brief discussion with all the other birds)Bird B: OK.Tortoise, now we all agreed to take you to the sky.Each of us will lend you a feather so that you can have two wings to fly.(During the flight to the party)Bird A: Tortoise is a great orator!
Bird B: Let’s make him the spokesperson for the party.Tortoise: Did you know that we need a new name when we are invited to a great feast like this? It is an age-old custom and our hosts in the sky will expect us to honor it.Bird A: We haven’t heard of this before.But as you are such a learned man, if you say this, we will choose a new name.I will call myself Good-Looking.Bird B: I am Smart-Ass.Tortoise: And my new name is All of You.(On their arrival at the sky)Sky people: Welcome to the sky, our dear friends.We are so pleased to see you again.Please make yourselves at home.Tortoise: My dear respected friends, thank you so much for inviting us to the sky.Nothing can make us happier than this.It is our greatest honor to be here and have a good time with you.Sky people: Thank you for your nice words.Now please help yourselves to the nuts.Bird A: Tortoise is really eloquent, isn’t he? I’m glad we decided to bring him with us.Bird B: Yes.And these are delicious nuts.Sky people: Now the dinner is ready.Please enjoy the soup, meat, fish and pounded yam.Here is palm wine, too.Tortoise: Just a moment.Let me ask you first.For whom have you prepared this feast? Sky people: For whom? Why? For all of you, of course.Tortoise(To the birds): You remember that my name is All of You.The custom here is to serve the spokesman first and the others later.They will serve you when I finish.Sky people(To themselves): Looks like it is their custom to leave all the food to their king first.Tortoise: Mm.Yummy.Mm.I’m full now.You can start to eat.Bird A: We should never bring him here.I am too angry to eat.I’m going home.Bird B: Wait.I am leaving, too.Take the feather from him with us.Tortoise: What are you doing? Leave me the feather.Oh, how am I going home without a single feather? You can’t do this to me!Birds: Bye.Tortoise: Could someone take a message for my wife? Tell her to bring out everything soft and cover the ground…
4.Taking Sides Samples 1)—I don’t admire Tortoise’s cleverness.Actually he was unwise to cheat the birds.After his mischievous behavior, how could he face them and stay together with them? He would have no friends at all.He was clever in a way, but he was very stupid.For example, when all the birds became so angry, how could he have trusted Parrot? He should have jumped into the sea instead of landing on the ground to avoid being hurt.— I admire Tortoise’s cleverness.He was a guy who knew where to look for a nice dinner during time of famine.He knew very well how to have the birds trust him.He was also quick-minded.His only mistake was that he should not be so greedy as not to leave any nice food for the birds.— I sympathize with the birds.They took Tortoise with them to the sky out of kindness, but after flying such a long distance, they had to fly back home on an empty stomach.They were formally invited, but didn’t enjoy the food prepared for them.On the other hand, Tortoise invited himself, went to the sky with the help of all the birds and selfishly ate almost all the delicious food.I think the birds were very unlucky.—I think the birds are stupid.They knew very well that Tortoise couldn’t be trusted as he was always mischievous.But they persuaded themselves that he was a changed man.At the party they should have let the sky people know Tortoise was not their king and they had the right to enjoy the nice food, as they were the guests the sky people had invited.2)The story teaches us that a)we should be honest, and shouldn’t cheat others at any time.If we cheat others, we will be punished in the end;b)we shouldn’t be carried away by sweet words, like the birds;c)a leopard can’t change its spots.Since Tortoise was cunning, he could never change his personality and behave himself.Vocabulary
1.1)A.invitation
B.invited
C.inviting
2)A.prepare
B.prepared
C.preparation
D.preparatory/preparation
3)A.discoveries
B.discoverers C.discovered
4)A.approval
B.approve C.approved D.approving E.disapprove
5)A.eloquent
B.eloquence C.eloquently
6)A.faithful
B.unfaithful/faithless C.faith D.faithfully
7)A.occasional B.occasionally C.occasion
8)A.delivery B.delivering C.delivered
9)A.troublesome/trouble B.troubled C.troubled D.troubling
10)A.assurance B.assured C.assure
2.1)ran/got into trouble 2)no trouble
3)asking for trouble
4)have…trouble
5)The trouble with
6)in serious/deep/big trouble
7)get/getting…into trouble
8)took the trouble 3.1)with a pattern of roses 2)prepared a wonderful/good meal for us 3)promised faithfully 4)deliver this letter
5)a selection of milk and plain chocolate 6)keep out of mischief/behave themselves 7)the sound of distant thunder
8)received approval from the government 9)in spite of the fact that he drank too much 10)agree whether the drug is safe or not
Part Three Further Development 1.Enriching Your Word Power
1)C
2)C
3)A
4)B
5)A
6)B
7)A
8)B
9)A
10)A 2.Myths and Moral
1)--Virtue will be rewarded.For example, Beauty is a kind-hearted and sweet girl.She loves her father and is willing to sacrifice herself for him.Finally she is rewarded with a happy marriage and a happy life.On the other hand, the evil sisters are punished by the fairy.They become two statues that have to observe Beauty’s happiness painfully.--A good heart is more important than appearance.Although the Beast is very ugly, he loves Beauty and has a kind heart.In the end he wins the heart of Beauty and the spell on him is broken by Beauty’s love.2)--Nothing can be gained without effort or hardship.If you want to succeed or make achievements, you have to face and overcome difficulties, or even great dangers.Tang Seng, Monkey and others had gone through eighty-one great dangers or hardships before they could obtain and bring home the authentic version of the Buddha’s teachings.--A person’s strength, skills and judgments are the guarantee of success.Without Monkey King, Tang Seng couldn’t have fetched the Buddha’s teachings.Unlike Tang Seng’s other followers, Monkey developed his martial arts and skills and became so strong that almost no one could defeat him.3.Finding Their Similarities and Differences 1)Similarities:
A.Both of them look like animals and are endowed with human intelligence.B.Both of them have a happy ending.The Beast marries a kind-hearted and beautiful girl and changes back into a handsome prince;Monkey succeeds in getting the Buddha’s teachings and becomes enlightened.His golden band is gone, and he no longer has to be under other people’s control.C.Both of them have a bond.The Beast is under a spell cast by a witch, while Monkey is wearing a golden band which tightens whenever he is mischievous.2)Differences: A.The Beast is actually a real human being.He becomes a beast only because of the witch’s spell, while Monkey is still a monkey though he is finally enlightened.B.They have different personalities.The Beast is gentle, generous, patient, loyal and thoughtful.He was persistent in his love for Beauty.The Monkey is capable, invulnerable, ambitious, brave, and intelligent.3)A.I like the Beast more, because he is loyal and loving.He is very kind and patient to Beauty.He loves Beauty so much that he will die for her.B.I like Monkey more, because he enjoys many magic skills and weapons.I wish I could have those.He is not only brave, but also loyal and obedient to Tang Seng.He goes through eighty-one dangers and helps Tang Seng get the Buddha’s teachings.4.Completing the Story 1)the true reason why there was no such animal in Guizhou 2)they were of no use at all in this place 3)All of a sudden when he saw the donkey, he thought it was a monster 4)He hid himself in the trees while looking at the donkey 5)What kind of animal is this and why does it look different from other animals that I’ve seen? 6)But one day the donkey stretched its thin neck and cried 7)the tiger discovered that the donkey didn’t have any other skills besides crying/had no other skills than crying 8)But he dared not rush to it or eat it just as he did to other animals 9)This did irritate the donkey/make the donkey angry, who raised its hind leg and kicked the tiger 10)
This time he rushed to it without hesitation and bit/broke its throat
5.To Be a Good Story-teller
The Princess and the Pea
Once there was a prince who wanted to marry a real princess.But he had difficulty telling what a real princess looked like.One night there was a terrible storm.Suddenly there was a knock at the door.A young girl was standing in the rain.She said she was a real princess but she looked ugly because of the rain dripping from her hair and clothes.“We’ll see whether she is a real one or not,” the old empress thought to herself.She put a pea on the bed and then put twenty mattresses and twenty padded quilts on it.The princess then slept in this bed.The next morning, people asked her whether she had a good sleep.She answered: “It was terrible.Who knows what was on the bed? I slept on a very hard thing and I am bruised all over my body.”
Now everybody was sure that she was a real princess, because she could feel the pea under twenty mattresses and twenty padded quilts.Nobody except a princess would have such tender skin.The prince married the girl and they lived happily ever after.The pea is now displayed in the museum.The Ugly Duckling Once upon a time down on an old farm lived a duck family, and Mother Duck had been sitting on a clutch of new eggs.One nice morning, the eggs hatched and out popped six ducklings.But one egg was bigger than the rest, and it didn't hatch.But before Mother Duck had time to think about it, the last egg finally hatched.A strange looking duckling with gray feathers that should have been yellow gazed at a worried mother.The ducklings grew quickly, but Mother Duck had a secret worry.“I can’t understand how this ugly duckling can be one of mine!” she said to herself, shaking her head as she looked at her last born.Well, the gray duckling certainly wasn’t pretty, and since he ate far more than his brothers, he was outgrowing them.As the days went by, the poor ugly duckling became more and more unhappy.His brothers didn't want to play with him, he was so clumsy, and all the farmyard folks simply laughed at him.He felt sad and lonely, while Mother Duck did her best to console him.12 Then one day, at sunrise, he ran away from the farmyard.He stopped at a pond and began to question all the other birds.“Do you know of any ducklings with gray feathers like mine?” But everyone shook their heads in scorn.Then one day, his travels took him near an old countrywoman’s cottage.Thinking he was a stray goose, she caught him.Then one night, finding the hutch door open, he escaped.Once again he was all alone.One day at sunrise, he saw a flight of beautiful birds wing overhead.White, with long slender necks, yellow beaks and large wings, they were migrating south.“If only I could look like them, just for a day!” said the duckling, admiringly.Winter came and the poor duckling went to seek food in the snow.He dropped exhausted to the ground, but a farmer found him and put him in his big jacket pocket.The ugly duckling survived the bitterly cold winter at the farmer’s house.By springtime the duckling saw himself mirrored in the water.“Goodness!How I’ve changed!I hardly recognize myself!” The flight of swans winged north again and glided on to the pond.When the duckling saw them, he realized he was one of their kind, and soon made friends.“We’re swans like you!” they said, warmly.“Where have you been hiding?”
“It's a long story,” replied the young swan, still astounded.Now, he swam majestically with his fellow swans.One day, he heard children on the river bank exclaim: “Look at that young swan!He's the finest of them all!”
And he almost burst with happiness.Hua Mulan
Long ago, in a village in northern China, there lived a girl named Mulan.One day, she sat at her loom weaving cloth.Click-clack!Click-clack!went the loom.Suddenly the sound of weaving changed to sorrowful sighs.Her mother asked her what troubled her.“Nothing, Mother,” she replied softly.Mulan’s mother asked her again and again, until Mulan finally told her that invaders were attacking.The emperor was calling for troops.The night before she saw the draft poster and twelve scrolls of names in the market.Her Father’s name was on every one of them.“But Father is old and frail,” Mulan sighed.“How can he fight? He has no grown son and I have no elder brother.I will go to the markets.I shall buy a saddle and a horse.I must fight in Father’s place.”
From the eastern market Mulan bought a horse.From the western market she bought a bridle, and from the southern market, a whip.At dawn, Mulan was dressed in her armor and bid a sad farewell to her father, mother, sisters and brothers.Mulan went to fight in the war for twelve years during which time none of her fellow fighters knew that she was a girl.She was such a great fighter that when the war ended the emperor wanted to name her a high rank official.But she declined the offer and went back home where she received a warm welcome.Her fellow fighters came to visit her and were surprised to learn that she was a girl.
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