新视野大学英语一试讲教案

第一篇：新视野大学英语一试讲教案

新视野大学英语（1）读写教程

Unit 1 Fresh Start Section A Text A: Toward a brighter future for all

1.LEAD IN Pre-reading questions:(1)What was the impression of your first day in the university?(2)What expectations do you have for the university?(3)Are you ready for all the challenges in this new environment?

2.READ THE TEXT

3.WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS(1)triumph n.[C] an important victory or success after a difficult struggle

（尤指苦战后获得的）胜利，成功，成就

e.g.Winning the championship was a great personal triumph for this young player.(2)pledge

①vt.make a formal, usu.public, promise that you will do sth.发誓；作保证

e.g.The new president pledged to cut taxes and increase employment.②n.[C](fml.)a serious promise or agreement, esp.one made publicly or officially

（尤指公开或正式作出的）誓言，誓约；保证

e.g.All the candidates have given pledges not to raise taxes if they are elected.(3)remind sb.of sb./sth.① make sb.remember sb.that they know or sth.that happened in the

past 使某人想起某人或某事

e.g.The song always reminds me of the my holiday in Hawaii.② be very similar to sb.or sth.else 使某人想起（相似的）人或事

e.g.Nancy was tall and slim, and reminds me of my cousin Sarah.(4)rewarding a.giving you satisfaction, pleasure, or profit

值得的；有意义的；有回报的

4.GRAMMAR 构词法word formation形容词后缀-ing ①-ing 加在某些及物动词后，构成形容词，主要用于表示事物的性质或特征，或某物或某事给人的感觉、情感、印象等。这类词包括welcoming, charming, disgusting, surprising等。例如，a welcoming smile 热情热微笑

②-ing 加在某些及物动词后，构成形容词，表示某事或某人仍处于某种状态。例如，a recurring problem 一个反复出现的问题

his aging mother 他那日渐苍老的母亲

第二篇：新视野大学英语

Unit6a 4月7日，星期六

我和史蒂夫已拖运垃圾整整四个小时了，中间只停下来说了约五分钟的话。

每次我将满满的一桶垃圾扛上肩，肩膀就痛得厉害，有时候扛着垃圾朝街上走，腿都打颤，可我心里却对自己说：“挺住，垃圾工，要挺住。”

我原本就没有想过这工作会有什么快乐可言。倒、扛、走、扛、走。时间过得飞快。

星期六意味着一路上大多数成年人会呆在家里。上学的孩子也一样。

我心里琢磨，这可能意味着我挨家挨户收垃圾时可以和人们多搭上几句话了。很多人在花园里或花房里干活儿。多数人看上去是可以说说话的。

虽没有工夫聊很久，但问候几句以示礼貌还是有时间的。

但我吃惊地发现并不是这么回事。

直到我在几家院子里问候了几次以后，才意识到这么做是不常见的。

偶尔，有人也会看着我，微笑一下，对我说一声“你好”，或者“今天天气真好”。这时，我还是感到有人情味儿。

可多数情况下，人们的反应要么是不理我，要么是因为我这个垃圾工竟然也和他们说话而惊讶地盯着我看。

一个身着家常便服的妇女见我绕过她家的拐角，脸上露出惊讶之色。

听到我向她打招呼，她就赶紧用衣服把自己严严实实地遮了起来，并匆忙退回屋里。我还听到咔嗒一声门被锁上了。

另一个妇女，院子里养了一只巨大古怪的动物。我问她那是什么动物，她两眼盯着我。

我以为她耳背，所以提高了声音。她好像给吓着了似的，冷冷地转身走了。

这儿离垃圾场有很长一段路，在驾车去垃圾场的路上，史蒂夫气愤地叙说着这些事情。

“从多数人看你的那种眼光，就知道在他们眼里垃圾工是怪物。如果你对他们问声好，他们就惊奇地看着你。他们根本没想到我们也是人。”

“有个女人往垃圾箱里倒烟灰。我说，我们这样没法装运。

她说，‘我倒什么你管得着吗，你算什么东西? 你不过是个垃圾工罢了。’

我说，‘听着，太太，我的智商是137，高中毕业时是班上的尖子生。我干这活是为了挣钱，不是因为我只能干这个。’”

“我真想对他们说，‘你瞧瞧，我跟你们一样干净。’可这没用。我从不对任何人说我是垃圾工。我说我是卡车司机。

我家里人知道，可我妻子的家人不知道。

如果有人正好碰到，问‘你是给垃圾公司开车吗?’我就说是。我相信我们做的事是人们所需要的，就像当警察或者消防队员一样。我并不为此而感到见不得人，可我也不会到处去吹嘘自己的工作。”

“有一天，我妻子的一个朋友见到她孩子从家里跑出来看垃圾车，她就大声叫嚷起来，‘离那些垃圾工远点，他们身上脏’。我很生她的气。

我说，‘那些垃圾工和我们一样干净。’ ‘你好像很同情他们似的，’她说。‘是的，我是很同情他们。’ 可我从没有告诉她这是为什么。”

这活儿我原先只打算干两天，可现在我要干下去。

这可锻炼人呢，虽然肩部肌肉酸痛，可我扛垃圾桶越扛越得心应手了。我越干越快，越干越利索。在室外干活还可以呼吸新鲜空气，而且完全不像人们认为的那样，我干的活儿其实很干净。

我还决定继续在人家的院子里向人们说“你好”。这不会有什么坏处，而且感觉依旧不错。

说实话，我感到骄傲，我在做一项必不可少的工作。每晚工作结束时，我发现这个国家比早上更干净了。并不是许多人每晚都能这样说的。

约翰·加德纳曾写道，一个只赞扬哲学家而蔑视管道工的社会必定会出现麻烦。他警告说：“这个社会的管道和理论都会出问题。”

他也许应该进一步要求人们既尊重经济学家又尊重垃圾工；不然的话，他们都会在身后留下垃圾。Unit6b 星期天凌晨三点整，他终于把自己累死了。

当然，讣告并没有这么说，只说他死于心脏病。但是他的朋友和熟人很快就明白了是怎么回事。

他是个典型的A型人，工作成瘾。相互间他们这么说，摇着头，并且沉思五或十分钟，反思他们的生活方式。

此君叫菲尔，星期天凌晨三点整，把自己累死了。那天是他的休息日，可他却在工作。他把自己生命中的最后18年献给了那项工作。他51岁，是公司的一位副总裁。更确切地说，他是六位副总裁之一，而且，假如公司总裁去世或者很快退休的话，他是有可能升至最高职位的三位副总裁之一。菲尔是休息不起的。

他每周工作六天，其中五天每天工作到晚上八点或九点，而此时他的公司除了当官的，其他人都已开始每周工作四天。

他拨不出时间来做户外活动，除非你把他每月打一次高尔夫球也算在内。对于菲尔来说，那也是工作。他总是在办公桌上吃鸡蛋色拉三明治。当然，他比较胖，患有高血压。

每逢星期六，菲尔就穿运动茄克衫而不是西服去办公室，因为是周末。

他手下有很多人，大约60个，多数时候大多数人都喜欢他，敬慕他。其中三人将被认真考虑来接替他的工作。讣告对此避而不谈。

然而讣告却一一列出了被他“留下的人”。

在他身后有妻子海伦，她48岁，心地善良，但却没有特别的职业技能，结婚生子之前曾做过办公室工作。据她女儿说，多年前孩子们还小时，她就放弃了与他的工作竞争。公司的一位朋友说：“我知道你将多么思念他。” 而她回答道：“我早已这样了。”

“这些年来思念着他，”她已经放弃了自己的一部分，这部分的她太关心这个男人了。从此她将“得到很好的关照”。

他“亲爱的孩子”中“亲爱的长子”在南方的一家制造公司当经理，工作很努力。在安葬父亲的前一天，他走访了邻居，试图多了解他的父亲。邻居们很尴尬，只能装作比事实上更了解他的父亲。

他的第二个孩子是个女儿，今年24岁，刚刚结婚。

她住在她母亲附近，两人关系亲密。但是，以前每当她和父亲单独在一起时，比如开车去什么地方时，两人几乎无话可说。

最小的是个男孩，今年20岁，是个高中毕业生。和他的许多朋友一样，他满足于打零工，以维持吃饭和吸大麻。

他父亲的工作不适合他。

虽然如此，他依然努力理解他父亲，努力表明自己对他很重要，以此将他拴在家里。他是他父亲的最爱。

在过去的两年里，菲尔常为担心这个男孩而睡不着觉。

这男孩有一次说道：“我和我父亲只住在这里。”

在葬礼上，60岁的公司总裁告诉48岁的寡妇，51岁的死者对公司非常重要，公司会思念他，很难找到人来代替他。寡妇不敢正面看他。

她担心他会看出她的不快。毕竟，她需要他来理清他们之间的财务——优先认股权等等之类。

菲尔身体胖，弦总是绷得紧紧的，工作太卖力。如果他不在办公室，他就放心不下。他是容易患心脏病的那种人。

在一大群人中，你一眼就能将他辨认出来。

因此，当他星期天凌晨三点整终于把自己累死时，没有人真正感到吃惊。

安葬的那天下午五点，公司总裁开始（当然非常谨慎地）向他的左右询问接替菲尔的人选（三者之一）的情况。

他问大家：“谁工作最卖力？” Unit7a 和大多数城里人一样，我非常小心谨慎。

在把车开进车库前，我会扫视街道和周围的小路，看看有没有异常的人或物。那天晚上也不例外。

可是当我手里拿着肯德基炸鸡走出车库时，一个身材圆胖、留着短髭、头戴绒线帽、身穿深色尼龙夹克的年轻人从停车处旁的灌木丛中钻出来，把手枪顶在我的双眼之间。

“交出来，他妈的──，”他威胁道，“交出来。”

“嗨，”我说，“拿去吧。”

我一边说，一边把肯德基快餐盒放在小路旁边的花盆上，同时设法把我房子的钥匙扔进灌木丛中。

“你的钱在哪儿? 你的钱在哪儿?”他吼道。

在我们遭遇的全过程中，他会重复自己说的每一句话；出于本能，我也同样重复着自己的话。

“在我钱包里，在我钱包里。”我说。

他走到我的背后，把枪顶在我的脖子上，开始搜我的裤子口袋。

“钱包在哪儿?”他问。

“在后面的口袋里。”

“还有呢?”

“我就这么多钱了。”

“手表在哪儿?”

“在这儿，”我边回答边把左臂伸出去。就在这时，他的同伙出现了。

他很瘦小，手持一支加大的蓝色钢制手枪。

他深色的眼睛里闪着光，好似擦亮了的玻璃；他手臂和双腿毫无预示地移动着，就好像是连着看不见的电线似的。

他厉声说道，“不许看我们，不许看我们。”

他并不蠢。

我看过许多刑事审判，因而知道在那些武装袭击的受害者中，很少有人能够辨认出袭击他们的人，因为他们的注意力全集中在枪上，而没有注意持枪人。我有意识地留意了一下他们的面部细节。

“我没有看你们。”当那个大个子劫匪把手表从我的手腕上扯下来时，我撒了个谎。

“趴下，趴下，”那小个子命令我，并一把摘下了我的眼镜，把它扔到草坪上。

这时，我已面朝下趴在了地上，前额紧贴着地面的泥土。

那个大个子劫匪用枪顶着我的后脑勺，小个子用手枪紧紧顶着我左边的太阳穴。

我当时想，“这下完了。莱斯利会受不了的。主啊，可怜可怜我这个有罪的人吧。”

“这是什么?”大个子问道。

我把头转向右边。

“是肯德基炸鸡，”我说。

“我们要带走，”大个子厉声说道。

于是，突然间，劫匪们手里拿着钱包、手表和炸鸡，脚步声在黑暗的街道上越来越远。

我转过身，看见他们的影子钻进了一辆汽车，急速地开走了。

他们没有杀我，但他们为什么这么做呢? 是仁慈? 是因为时间太紧而顾不上? 还是因为饥饿?

“多奇怪啊，”我心中暗想，“竟然是炸鸡救了我的命。我看到的是死亡，而他们看到的是食物。”

我站起身来，找到了钥匙，进了屋，然后拨通了911。接线员记下了我对劫匪的描述，然后派了辆警车来。

我为自己倒了一杯烈性酒，不一会儿，两个穿制服的洛杉矶警察局的警察就到了。他们对此事作了笔录，说“幸好”没有受伤。

“但是，” 临走时一个警察对我说，“他们拿走了你的炸鸡，这实在太不像话了。”

后来，一个警察打电话来询问其他细节。

他说这两个劫匪的作案手法表明他们可能就是过去几个月里这一地区多起抢劫案的实施者。他让我到警察局去看一下疑犯的照片。

于是，上周一我翻看了相簿大小的几本照片，多数是年轻人的──令人惊讶的是其中有相当一部分实际上还是孩子。

一张张翻看并研读这些照片，仿佛漂流在一条让人伤心的河流上，就像身处英国诗人布莱克笔下的泰晤士河，似乎“看见每一个过往行人都是满脸饥色，一副苦相”。

这些年轻人聚合在一起构成了一条河流──一条已失去控制的河流，这条河流正吞噬着我们所珍视的东西的基础：我们的行动自由，我们的劳动果实，我们的生命，以及那些我们所珍视的人的生命。总有一天，我们将不得不面对这条河流，并探索其对现实不满的深层原因。

而目前，我们所能做的就是看看罪犯的照片，并参与到构筑抑制犯罪的大坝中去。Unit7b 我有一支黑色手枪，手柄是棕色的。

手枪就搁在我的床头，里面装着五颗子弹，并且总是上了膛的。

我一贯主张控制枪支，奇怪的是我现在依然主张控制枪支。

以前我没有枪，并不是因为我对有关犯罪的统计资料不了解，也不是因为我自认为可以不受暴力的袭击。

以前我认为自己不相信暴力，我自己也没暴力倾向，所以我不会受到暴力的侵袭。我还认为我对人性本善的信念会使这一假想成为现实。

我应该把枪从住所带到车上，但是我没有这样做。

这支枪可以做的、被用来做的，比它所能阻止的更让我感到恐惧。

如果我带着枪的时候遭到了袭击，那我就一定会用它来杀人，而不仅仅是伤人。

我曾想象自己遭遇歹徒的袭击，并不是真的遇到这种事： 一个男子正在街上走。

我锁上车，朝公寓走去，拿着钥匙准备开门。

还没有走到门口，我觉得我听到一个声音在说，“把钱给我。”

在我打开门之前我又听到了一个声音，然后我转过身，看到了一个持枪的人。

他很害怕。

我害怕我会吓着他，致使他朝我开枪，我还担心我把钱给他以后，他仍然会朝我开枪。我同样也很生气，因为一个我从未见过、也从未伤害过的人在用枪指着我。

我想象的这起抢劫中有某种令我不安的东西，这是我不愿承认的东西，这是因为羞愧而被我有意略去的东西。

我明白我为什么会想象自己遭到一个男子的抢劫：他们在身体上占有优势，而且我也从没听说有谁遭到过一个女人的抢劫。

但为什么这个人是个黑人呢?

为什么是个穿着破旧T恤, 双眼发亮的黑人男子呢? 为什么不是个白人?

我想象我站在克莱尔本街和杰克逊街拐角处的一个加油站等待付款，这时，一个黑人从我身后走来。我没有回头，而是正眼朝前看，等着付款。

我尽量不表现出自己的焦虑，而这种焦虑的产生仅仅是因为在一个名声不好的街区的加油站有一个黑人从我身后走来，而且他没有汽车。

我又想象另一种可能性。

当我听见那个声音时，我正带着枪在街上走。那人一定没看见我的枪。

我很生气，因为我受到了威胁，因为有人为了得到我口袋里的钱而危及着我的生命。

于是我转过身，既愤怒又恐惧，还未细想就开了枪。我也许只是因为50或100美元就杀了一个人。他曾试图抢劫我，可这一点并不重要。

一个人因为钱而死，不一定是我的钱或者是他的钱，只是钱。是谁给他的生命如此标价的呢?

我记得有一个晚上和朋友一起开着她父母的车，在卡尔顿街和图兰街交叉处遇到红灯，车停了下来。这时有一个黑人从我们车前穿过马路。我的朋友便不由自主地锁上了车门。

我很讨厌她一看到那个黑人就锁上车门的举动。不知他是否注意到了我们这一举动。

不知当别人一看到你就锁上车门，那会是一种什么样的感觉。

我又设想另外一种在我的公寓前遭遇歹徒的情景。当一个人向我要钱时我正带着枪。我很生气又很害怕，但我没有用枪。

我害怕在我不使用枪的情况下可能发生的事情，但我更害怕杀死别人，害怕在因为杀了人而使良心遭受的无尽谴责中活着。

于是我以生命做赌注，希望他拿了我的钱就会离开。但愿我能赢。

现在我走进了我家附近的一家加油站。一个黑人已经在排队等候。

他突然跳起来并转过身，在看见我以后才放松下来，对我说我吓着他了，因为这一带常出事。

“对不起，”我微笑着说。我意识到担惊受怕的并不只是我一个人。Unit8a 奇思妙想是如何形成的，现在还没有令人满意的解释。

你对某一个问题思考了很久，直至感到疲劳，把它忘掉了，也许暂时不去想它了，可后来却忽然来了灵感!当你不去想它的时候，答案却突然从天而降，仿佛上苍赐予你的一份礼物。

当然，并非所有的思想都是这样产生的，但许多思想的产生确实如此，尤其是那些最为重要的思想。它们猛然间跃入人的脑海，闪烁着创造的光芒。

它们是如何出现在人的脑海中的呢?这还是个谜。但这些思想一定来自某个地方。我们姑且假定它们是来自“潜意识”吧。

这是有道理的，心理学家就是用这一术语来描述不为人知的思维过程。创造性思维有赖于未知的东西变成已知的东西。

我们都有过灵机一动、突然有了一个新想法的经历，而这在那些富有创造性的天才人物身上最显而易见。他们中的许多人对这种经历有着强烈的感受，并在回忆录和信函中将其记录了下来。

无论是宗教、哲学、文学，还是艺术、音乐，甚至数学、科学、技术发明，在任何领域的天才人物身上，我们都能找到这样的例子，虽然人们常常认为数学、科学以及技术发明所依赖的仅仅是逻辑和实验。一切真正创造性的活动都在某种程度上依赖于潜意识中的这些信号；一个人洞察力越强，这些信号就越鲜明、越引人注目。

以理查德·瓦格纳创作《莱茵河的黄金》的前奏曲为例。

有关“钟声”的创意瓦格纳已经构思了几年时间，而他竭尽全力着手进行作曲也已经数月。

1853年9月4日他抵达斯佩齐亚，当时他正在生病。他去了一家旅馆。由于旅馆外面噪音太大，而他又在发烧，所以他无法入睡。第二天，他出去散步，走了很长的路，下午，他一头扎进沙发想睡一觉。这时候，他的潜意识长期以来一直在寻找的奇迹发生了。

他进入了似睡非睡的朦胧状态，骤然间感觉到自己仿佛掉进了滔滔洪水之中, 不断地下沉，很快，洪水的冲击声和咆哮声以音乐的形式呈现在他的脑海里。

他意识到，久存于心中、却始终未能谱写成的《莱茵河的黄金》管弦乐前奏曲终于在他脑海里形成了。在这个事例中，意识在创作的时候对发现答案的实际过程一无所知。

作为对照，我们可以举一个有名的事例，即法国伟大的数学家亨利·庞加莱发现被称为富克斯函数的数学新方法的故事。

我们看到，在这位天才人物身上，意识活动事实上一直注视着潜意识所起的作用。一连几个星期，他每天伏案工作，花上一两个小时尝试着大量的组合，但毫无结果。一天夜里，他一反常规，喝了些清咖啡，无法入睡。

许多想法在他脑子里不断涌现；他几乎能感觉到这些想法在相互碰撞，直到其中的两个结合在一起，形成了一个稳定的组合。

到了早晨，他已经确证了一类富克斯函数的存在。他只需去证明其结果，而这只需要几个小时即可以解决。

在这件事中，我们看到意识一直注视着在潜意识中形成的新组合，而瓦格纳的例子则显示了一个新想法在意识中的突然迸发。笛卡尔23岁时所做过的、决定了他的人生道路的一些梦，可以作为第三种创造性经历的例证。在这之前，笛卡尔一直在寻找确定性，先是在书本里，然后是在人群中，但均未成功。

然后，在1619年11月10日的一次睡梦中，他有了一个意义重大的发现，即确定性只存在于自己的思想中，“我思，故我在”。

这场梦使他充满了强烈的宗教热情。

瓦格纳、庞加莱和笛卡尔的经历代表了各个文化领域中无数其他的经历。潜意识无疑是本能活动产生的源泉。

然而，在创造性思维过程中，正是潜意识使得相对无序的成分变成新的有序形式。Unit8b 客人已经到了, 但我又一次忘了把葡萄酒放进冰箱里。“别担心，” 一位朋友说，“我马上就能替你把酒冰好。”

五分钟后，她拿着完全冰镇好的葡萄酒从厨房走出来。

当被问到有什么秘诀时，她说：“我把葡萄酒倒进塑料袋里，再把袋子浸入冰水中。”

客人们鼓掌喝彩。

其中一个说，“要是我们大家都能这么聪明, 该多好啊!”

十年来的研究使我确信, 我们都能变得那样聪明。

普通人与爱迪生、毕加索或者莎士比亚之间的差别不在于是否有创造力, 而在于是否有通过激发创造性灵感并将这种灵感付诸实践来利用创造力的能力。

我们大多数人很少能充分发挥自己的创造潜力，可蕴藏在我们每个人大脑里的思想宝库是能够被开启的。

下面介绍几种提高创造力的具体方法。

捕捉稍纵即逝的想法。

好的想法就像兔子，会飞快地溜走，有时我们只能看到它的耳朵或者尾巴。所以, 要抓住它必须有所准备。

有创造力的人总是随时准备采取行动——这也许是我们与这些人之间的唯一差别。

1821年，路德维希·凡·贝多芬在给朋友的一封信中谈到他在马车上打盹时想到了一首美妙的曲子，“可我一醒来, 那首曲子便无影无踪了，我怎么也记不起来。”

好在当贝多芬第二天乘坐同一辆马车时，那首曲子又回到了他的脑海，于是他把它记录了下来，这对于贝多芬和我们都可谓是一件幸事。

有好主意的时候，把它写下来——必要时就写在手臂上。并非所有的想法都有价值, 但先捉住它, 以后再作评价。

冥思遐想。

画家萨尔瓦多·达利经常手拿着勺子躺在沙发上。当他要入睡时，勺子就会掉到地板上的盘子里。

响声会将他惊醒，他便立刻把在那个似睡非睡时的丰富世界里脑海中所浮现出来的众多形象绘成草图。人人都会经历这种奇特的状态，并可以加以利用。不妨试一试达利的方法或者干脆让自己随心所欲地遐想。

身处“三地”——床、浴室和公共汽车——常常会使你产生奇思妙想。只要你的思维不受干扰，你就会才思如泉涌。

寻找挑战。

试一试邀请你生活中不同领域的朋友和商业伙伴来参加晚会。

把不同年龄、不同社会地位的人组合在一起，会促使你用新的方法来思考问题。

美国最具创造力的发明家之一埃德温·兰德说，使他产生发明宝丽来相机这一想法的是他三岁的女儿。1943年在去圣菲游览时，女儿问他，为什么她无法看到他刚刚拍摄的照片。

在接下来的一小时里，兰德一边在圣菲游览，一边在脑中汇聚着他学过的所有化学知识。“照相机和胶片对于我变得清晰可见。在我的脑海里，它们如此真实，我用了好几个小时琢磨它们。”

拓展你的视野。

许多理工和人文科学方面的发现都融合了不同领域中的思想。以“两绳问题”为例。

两根相距甚远的绳子分别从天花板上垂下来。

尽管你无法同时够到两根绳子，但有没有可能只用一把钳子就把两根绳子系到一起呢?

一位大学生把钳子系到一根绳子上，然后让它像钟摆那样摆动起来。在绳子来回摆动的时候，他迅速走到另一根绳子那儿，将其尽量向前拉。当摆动的绳子靠近他时，他把它抓住，然后将两根绳子系到一起。

当被问到是如何取得成功时，这个大学生解释道，他刚刚上完一堂有关摆动的物理课。他是把课堂上学到的知识应用到了一个完全不同的地方。

这个道理在其他方面也同样有效。要提高创造力，就得学习新的知识。

如果你是银行家，就学一学跳踢踏舞；如果你是护士，就学一学维他命疗法。读一本关于某一门新学科的书，不要总是读同一家日报。

新的东西与旧的东西会以全新的、可能是非常诱人的方式结合起来。

要变得更有创造力意味着你得留心你那些无穷无尽的想法, 学会捕捉你脑子里的新东西，并将之付诸行动。Unit9a 一个大学教授的学生可能多达百人或百人以上，也可能少至三人。不管有多少学生，这当中总有一个学生与众不同，甚至是出类拔萃。不管教授的问题有多艰深，这种学生似乎都知道该如何作答。而且不管要求什么时候交功课，他都能按时交，而且不犯一点错误。

你当然知道有这样的学生，也许他会激起你心中的怨气。

当然了，能成为这样的人会是一件非常美妙的事情，但是因为不是你本人表现得那么优秀，你拿不出高分，也不能游刃有余地完成作业，于是怨气越积越多。你也许会自问：“为什么我就不能像那家伙一样呢？为什么我就成不了出类拔萃的人呢？” 那我现在就告诉你，你能成为那样的人。

作为一个大学生，我对好学生和差学生所体现出的不同之处非常感兴趣。

我并没有坐着不动，也没有嫉恨好学生，相反，我决定以此为己任去调查是什么神秘的原因让他们表现优异。

在访谈了很多优秀学生及其教授后，我通过分析得出了几条建议，任何人都可以采纳这几条建议来激发自己身上的优秀潜质，使自己更上一层楼。

第一条建议是：不要拖欠。

对于学习，开始动手就很难，但如果你想把三周的学习任务在一个周末就搞定，几乎是不可能的。即使阅读速度最快的人也难以完成。

再说了，如果该交的书面作业你拖欠了的话，就是老师后面收了也会扣你的分。或许他根本就不接受迟交的作业。

大多数老师都认为，你应该有合理的学习计划，并且要认真对待。不能处理好学习和时间问题的学生是难以有机会出头的。

学习中的一个大问题就是如何应付大量的学习资料；东西太多了，你简直不知道何从下手。很多人可能想从最容易的做起，然而，这种想法是错误的。得考虑换种方式。

应该总是从最困难的地方入手，先除掉拦路虎。也许这需要你投入更多的精力。

如果你开始就选择从难的部分下手，你就会投入更多的精力。

如果任务个个都看起来一样简单（或困难），那就把最喜欢的留到最后做。

在十一点半的时候你会更愿意去阅读那些听起来都的确有趣的政治学文章，而不太情愿去学习法语不规则动词，那任务让人觉得十分枯燥，但又不能不做。完成困难的后再做有趣的会让人觉得这是对自己的犒劳。这是第二条建议。

第三条建议跟考试有关。

尽管我们在学校里参加过千百次的考试，但我们却很少停下来想想怎样考好试。考试考得好的人并不是马不停蹄做到底，见一个问题就答一个。首先，他们快速通读试题。

接着，他们集中精力完成自己掌握得最好的部分，因为有自信，所以回答得也快。最后他们才处理有一定难度的问题。

对你来说，适应这一套应付考试的做法可能显得怪异，但它确实会对你有好处。

这三条建议会让你学业更加成功。

如果你问一下自己周围表现优异的同学，你会发现更多的好点子。

要向他人学习，采用他们的方法来改善自己的学习状况，这样你肯定会提高自己的学业成绩。过一段时间后，你会发现，你自己就是一个“与众不同”的人。然后你也会注意到其他学生正妒忌你或者想方设法去发现你的秘诀。Unit9b 这个问题无处不在。从走廊到校园的每个角落到处都能听到这个问题。每个人都在问这个问题。它是新的流行词汇，新的搭讪语，比“你是什么星座的？”用得还多。不过我却难以作答。我讨厌这个问题。

我的专业尚未确定，就跟那些尚在腹中刚刚开始孕育的婴儿一样。而且，按照我的态势，我只能等着流产了。看着可供选择的专业目录，我还是拿不定主意。我会因为犹豫不决而不得不退学吗？

如果这个难题解决不了，我的生活会没有了快乐吗？

明天是确定专业的最后一天。最后一天哪！

其他每个人都在快乐地生活着，他们都选定了学习目标，憧憬着未来。这个决定实在是重大之极，我仍然没有取得大的进展。“甭着急，”朋友们会说，“你总还可以学商业”。

商业？ 我不干。我是个艺术家。宁死也不学商业。

实际上，我甚至连大学都可以不上，只要出去闯世界就行了，我出众的技艺和能力很快就会得到认同。就在我命运即将被决定的前夜，我父母设宴款待他们的两个朋友。

终于可以歇口气了！

难道我父母的朋友会关心专业什么的？

我可以心平气和地吃饭，可以暂时摆脱这个问题休息几小时了。不过我错了，他们谈的内容都跟专业有关。

他俩都把自己的专业讲给我听，还对我该选什么专业发表意见。尽管如此，他们的建议根本不能让我在选专业的道路上有任何进展，而是让我更加糊涂。

我们的客人似乎都不太适合他们所选的工作。

就说艾尔肯斯医生吧，他宣称自己是外科手术专家，可连切肉都成问题。而艾伯森先生虽然是个海军飞行员，却连饭都喂不到嘴里去。他老是把饭往地板上掉。

我无法想象他开战斗机的技术会是什么样子。

饭吃完了，客人也离开了，夜更深了，而我的专业还是处于“未定”状态。

我把专业目录拿出来，又开始一页页地翻看起可选的专业来，这都翻得有上百万次了。计算机？ 学计算机的人已经数不胜数了。汉语？

我倒是一直想去中国，但似乎我到中国也用不着学汉语专业，甚至也不需要流利地说汉语。机械？ 不。广告？ 还是不行。真是没指望了。

像其他大学生常常做的一样，我决定只管睡上一阵子，只要早点醒来，我就能给这个巨难的问题找到答案。我也闹不太清楚为什么大学生会认为他们的大脑在凌晨两点到六点之间会发生特殊的处理过程，让他们一下子把事情都弄清楚。

这办法过去对我是管用的，但这次却失效了。

实际上，跟其他大学生也常常可能遇到的情形一样，我睡过头了，早上10点才醒过来, 错过了第一堂课──英语文学概况。我还有三个小时来决定将来致力于哪个工作，或者做随便什么事情。我总还可以学商业。

在冲向学校的时候，我路过了一家电影院，那里正在上映《一次不够》。这部电影取材于杰奎琳·苏珊的畅销小说，大卫·简森主演。等等！电影，我喜欢电影！

我可以学习电影专业。不行，没有电影这个专业。

“但有电影制作专业”，我想起来了。就是它了！

我曾经迷茫，但现在我找回自我了。我有专业了！

十五年后，我想起了我那些朋友，他们当时确定了专业，满怀信心地开始自己的大学生涯。

想起那些到处问“你学什么专业？”的朋友们，现在他们中极少有人从事自己当初所选专业方面的工作。我最后也没有成为电影制作人。有时候我仍然感到自己专业“未定”。

只要你的大学生活是丰富多彩的，你学什么专业真的无关紧要。你要参加自己感兴趣的活动，乐于了解这个世界。你有充足的时间来决定将来做什么工作。Unit10a 我祖父母认为，一个人要么诚实，要么不诚实，两者之间没有折中可言。

在他们起居室的墙上挂着一句朴实无华的格言：“生活如新雪覆盖的大地，走过之处必定留下足迹。” 他们没有必要去用语言作出解释, 因为他们用自己的生活方式印证了这一真理。

他们生来就认为，所谓正直，就是有自己的道德界定标准，既不贪财图利，也不因所处的环境而妥协。正直是判断自身行为的心灵标尺。

遗憾的是，正直这一品格如今已不多见，而且越来越难寻觅了。

但它却是社会各领域的真正基础，也是我们必须要求自己遵循的一条原则。

检验这一价值观的一个好办法就是运用本人所说的“正直三角原则”，即下列三大原则：

在面对个人压力的时候要坚定自己的信念。

有这样一个故事，讲的是一位外科护士第一天到一家知名医院的医疗小组协助手术的故事。她的责任是确保将手术中的每样手术器械和手术材料都如数清点好。

这位护士对主刀医生说：“您只拿出了11块止血纱布，而我们一共用了12块。我们必须找到最后那一块纱布。”

“我全拿出来了，” 外科医生肯定地对她说。“现在开始缝合刀口。”

“您不能这样做，先生，”护士坚决反对，“我们应该为病人着想。”

医生露出了笑容，他抬起脚，让护士看到了第12块纱布。

“你在这家医院或其他任何一家医院都会干得很出色的。”他用肯定的语气对她说。

所以，当你确信自己是正确的，就决不能让步。

总是给予别人他们应得的表扬。

不要害怕那些主意比你妙甚至比你聪明的人。

戴维·奥格尔维是奥美广告公司的创始人，他送给新任命的各部门主管每人一个俄罗斯套娃，每个套娃从大到小依次有五个娃娃，以此来说明这个道理。

最小的那个娃娃里面装着奥格尔维要告诉他们的话：“如果我们每个人都聘用比我们小的人，那么我们的公司就会变成一个矮子公司。但是如果我们每个人都聘用比我们大的人，那么奥美广告公司就会变成一家巨人公司。”

而奥美广告公司后来真的变成了巨人——国际上规模最大、名望最高的广告公司之一。

要诚实坦白地表现真正的自我。

缺乏实实在在内涵的人会去依靠外部因素——如长相或地位——来保持良好的自我感觉。他们必然会不择手段地去维护自己的这种假面具，而不太会去努力提高自己的内涵和素质。

因此，要表现出真正的自我。

别去设法掩盖生活中那些不尽人意的方面。

正如罗伯特·舒勒所说，“艰苦的时光终将过去，坚强的人必将苦尽甘来。” 换言之，要正视现实，要以成熟的心态去迎接生活的挑战。

自尊和问心无愧是正直的两个重要组成部分，也是加深你与他人关系的基础。

为人正直意味着去做你应该做的事，因为那是对的，而不是因为合乎潮流或迎合了政治上的需要。在生活中如果能坚持原则，抵制住放松道德标准的种种诱惑，那你就会永远立于不败之地。这样，你在跨入21世纪的时候，就不必为自己过去的所做所为而抱憾。这就是我祖父祖母教给我的做人的道理。Unit10b 对一代又一代的学生来说，写学期论文即使不是最可怕的作业，也至少一直是让他们头疼和沮丧的主要原因。

但是对于那些可以上网的人来说，借助几次链接就可以窃取到相关的资料。

当代学生若想抄袭学期论文，用不着费劲去查找。

他只要找对网址，就可以在那儿购买、预定或免费下载网上的论文。

例如在“大学关心网助研中心”就能办到。

你想“写”一篇关于“哈姆雷特所面临的不可调和的道德困境”的论文吗? 只要交上29.75美元，文章就归你了。

对于那些觉得这还太贵的人来说，可以另觅他法。

“大学关心网”以每页5.95美元的价格出售收录在档的现成论文，且“论文质优价低”。这样，对于那些在乎价格的学生来说，买上几页就可大功告成了。

“论文精粹”是另一个学生援助网站，它提供“优质” 而“价廉”的学期论文。“让您称心、保您成功”，这是该网站向潜在客户夸下的海口。

如果你实在太懒或实在太忙，没时间写学期论文，那么“论文精粹”时刻恭候着你。只要一次性交费9.95美元，你就能在一整学期看到别人的论文。

有的网址，如“学期论文大卖场”和“绝对免费：网上论文”免费提供课程论文。也就是说，只要你找到了想要的文章，你只需按一下键，然后下载即可。

当然，学生们对这些网上资源了如指掌，于是有人担心，因特网一旦成为广受欢迎的最佳学习工具，也可能会变成作弊的最佳辅助手段。

对于教师来说，他们面对的问题是要分辨学生是否是论文的真正作者。

不过，据简·莫里森助教解释，对于眼光敏锐的老师来说，这件事也许不太难。

“如果文章是来自因特网，学生会不敢正眼看我，他们会表现出不安，只是低头看着自己的双脚。而如果论文是自己一字一句写出来的，这样的学生能就自己的文章侃侃而谈，而且敢正视我。”莫里森说。

抄袭学期论文并不是什么新鲜事，多年来人们一直在用盗来的知识财富做交易。但是因特网的出现提出了这样一个问题：这种新技术是否在使作弊变得更为普遍?

伯克利大学的一位高级管理人员对此表示怀疑。“对想要作弊的学生来说，不管技术水平如何，他都会作弊。认为因特网这种新工具会提高作弊的发生率，我觉得这是一种偏激的观点。”加里·汉德曼说。

这一观点得到了伯克利大学一位名叫阿里亚尼·彻诺克的研究生的支持。他说，学生们最终还是要靠自己来判断怎样做对自己最有利。

“这是个关乎诚实与否的问题。我们来这儿是学知识的，所以我们应该充分利用这个学习机会。”

再则，有创造力的教师可以布置出学生无法作弊的作业来。

“如果你布置的作业新颖独特，比如学生们必须根据给定的内容写一份讲义、写一个剧本，或用第一人称写一篇叙述文，那么你就能制止来路不正的作业。”图书馆媒体教师莱斯利·法默如是说。

有的专家说，这种策略将从根本上迫使学生去更多地学习，而不只是下载网上的资料。

第三篇：新视野大学英语1教案

New Horizon College English 1.1

Unit 1 Preview The days of a “one-size-fits-all” education system have passed.Traditional classrooms no longer provide the only means of meeting one‟s learning needs.Some students are taking courses online and finding advantages to this new way of learning.The number one advantage is that online learning is more convenient.Students can choose when and where they learn.Another advantage is that students do not feel intimidated by teachers who lack patience or by students with higher skill levels.Students can take time to think through answers before making a reply.There are still many advantages to the traditional classroom, „out if a student studies well independently, he or she might do well to try learning online.Section A Pre-reading Activity The Internet may be able to help you overcome your frustrations with learning English.I started learning English when I was in junior middle school.I didn‟t, however, gain command of the language in the classroom.It was only when I tried learning English through an online course that I finally became proficient.The online course was just as difficult as classroom study, but it provided better results.There were many other advantages to online learning as well.It taught me how to manage my time better to include my online studies in my busy schedule.Learning better time management has paid many rewards since.1.The speaker started to learn English when he was in junior middle school.He gained command of the language after he took English through an online course.2.Online learning has taught the speaker to better manage his time so that he could include his online studies in his busy schedule.Learning better time management has paid many rewards since.Text: Learning a Foreign Language

New Words

<1>reward vt.give sth.in return for good and valuable doings |奖赏；回报 He was rewarded handsomely for his efforts.|他的努力得到了可观的回报。

It is often necessary to reward people for their hard work, if you want them to continue working hard for you.|如果你想要人们继续努力工作，就有必要奖励他们的工作。

n.|[C, U] sth.as a return for good and valuable doings |奖赏；回报

As a reward for passing the exams, she got a new bike from her parents.|因为通过了考试，父母奖励给她一辆新自行车。

She got no reward for all the hard work she did.|她辛苦的工作并没有得到嘉奖

<2>rewarding a.|giving sb.satisfaction, pleasure, or profit |值得做的，有益的，有意义的 Doing exercise can be very rewarding for everyone.|锻炼身体对每个人都会有好处。She finds her career very rewarding.|她觉得自己的工作很有意义。

<3>frustrate

vt.1.cause sb.to have feelings of disappointment |使沮丧，使灰心

The lack of evidence in this case is frustrating the police.|警方因案件缺乏证据而感到伤脑筋。The difficulties of learning a new language frustrated the students who wanted to use the language right away.|学习一门新语言的困难使那些想立即使用那种语言的学生沮丧不已。

2.cause the failure of sth.|使挫败，使受挫折

The bad weather frustrated our hopes of going out.|坏天气使我们打消了外出的念头。The police frustrated his attempt to escape.|警方挫败了他逃跑的企图。

<4>junior |a.|having a low position, level, or rank |（地位、水平、层次）较低的

She started work as a junior reporter on a local newspaper before working her way up to higher positions.|她从本地一家报社当初级记者干起，通过努力职位不断上升。

Students spend six years in elementary education and three years in junior middle school.|学生在小学上六年，初中上三年。

n.|1.[C] sb.who is younger |年少者 He is my junior by several years.|他比我小几岁。

She married a man seven years her junior.|她跟一个比自己小7岁的男人结了婚。

2.[C] sb.of low or lower position |（地位或等级）较低者；晚辈

She joined the firm a year ago and is now my junior.|她一年前到公司工作，现在是我的下属。

The senior officer should have been aware of what his juniors were doing.|那位上司早该清楚自己下属的所作所为。

<5>positive |a.|1.helpful and encouraging in achieving sth.|积极的

Everyone went to Mary for advice, because Mary was known for having a positive attitude and being able to make other people feel good.|大家都向玛丽讨教，因为众所周知她总是态度积极, 会使大家感觉良好。

We need to take positive steps to improve the situation of families in poverty.|我们必须采取积极措施改善贫困家庭的处境。

2.definite;allowing no room for doubt |确实的，明确的

It seems unlikely to me, but she seemed very positive.|这在我看来是不可能的，但她却非常肯定。

I'm absolutely positive I haven't made a mistake.|我没有错，这一点我绝对肯定。

<6>senior |a.|having a higher position, level, or rank |（地位、水平、层次）较高的 Students leave middle school at the end of their senior year.|学生在中学高年级结束之后离校。The delegation consists of senior figures from education and business.|代表团由教育界和工商界的资深人士组成。

n.|1.[C] sb.who is older |较年长者

Seniors can get a 10% discount in this department store.|老人在该百货店可得到九折的优惠。Her husband was nine years her senior.|她丈夫比她大9岁。

2.[C] sb.of high or higher position |（地位或等级）较高者；长辈 Only the seniors made the decisions among us.|在我们中间只有年资较高的人才有决定权。The three vice ministers are my seniors.|三位副部长都是我的上司。

<7>former |a.|of an earlier period |在前的，以前的，旧时的

In former times, people were hanged for stealing in Britain.|以前，在英国小偷被处以绞刑。

The park has been reduced to half its former size.|公园的规模已被缩减到以前的一半大了。

n.|(the ~)the first of the two people or things just mentioned |前者

Between small changes and big changes, the former is more likely.|在小变化和大变化两者之中，前者的可能性更大。

Given the choice between a white T-shirt and a green one, most people would choose the former because green is not popular.|如果让大家选择是要白T恤还是绿T恤，大多数会选择前者，因为绿色不流行。

<8>unlike |prep.|not like;different from |不像；和...不同

He was firm and steady unlike other men she knew.|他坚毅、稳健，跟她认识的其他男人不一样。

Her recent report is quite unlike her earlier work.|她最近的报告与以前的大不相同。

<9>intimidate |vt.|create a feeling of fear |恐吓，威胁

They intimidated him into doing what they wanted.|他们胁迫他干他们要干的事。

John intimidated his brother into not telling their parents the truth.|约翰威胁他弟弟，不准他把真相告诉父母。

<10>opportunity |n.|[C, U] a good moment or chance for doing sth.|机会，时机

He loved music, but because his family was poor, he didn't have an opportunity to take lessons.|他喜爱音乐，但因家里太穷，他没有机会去学。

All he needs is an opportunity to show his ability.|他需要的只是展现自己才能的机会。

<11>online |a.|connected to other computers through the Internet |联线的；联网的；在线的

He took an online course to improve his English.|他选了网上课程以提高英语水平。The result of the online survey has proved to be positive.|在线调查结果证明是积极的。

ad.|doing sth.online |联线地；联网地

I'll just go online and look up her address.|我刚好要上网查她的地址。

Today more than 80% of customer's questions are answered online.| 现今，顾客80%以上的咨询都给予在线答复。

<12>communication |n.|[U] the action of sending and exchanging information |交流；交际；通讯

Mobile phone is an important means of communication.|手机是重要的通讯工具。

Generation gap arises from a lack of communication between the young and the old.|代沟的产生是由于青老年间缺乏交流。

<13>medium |n.|[C](pl.media or mediums)a method for giving information |媒介，媒体 TV is a medium for giving information and opinions.|电视是传递消息和观点的媒体。Light travels through the medium of air.|光通过空气传送。

a.|of middle size, amount, or quality |中等的

They have a medium-sized house in the heart of the city.|他们在市中心有幢中等大小的房子。

What size shirt does he wear—medium or large? |他适合穿哪个尺码的衬衣——大号还是中

号？

<14>modem |n.|[C] |调制解调器

He forgot to get a modem when he bought his computer.|他买计算机时忘记拿调制解调器了。A modem is necessary for connecting to the Internet.|连接因特网必须用调制解调器。

<15>access |n.|1.[U] the right to have or use sth.|享用权

The people in the school have access to that computer lab for free.|这个学校里的人可以免费使用那间电脑室。

Students have access to many different courses to satisfy their individual interests and career plans.|学生可以选择多种课程以满足他们的个人兴趣和职业规划。

2.[U] the means of entering a place |通道；入口 That is the only access into the building.|这是通向大楼的唯一通道。

The road was the only access into and out of the small village.|这条路是进出这个小村子的唯一通道。

<16>participate |vi.|take part |参与，参加

Some members refused to participate.|有些成员拒绝参加。

Only persons aged 8 years or over may participate in the spelling contest.|只有年满8岁或8岁以上的人才可参加拼写比赛。

<17>virtual |a.|1.created by the computer to be similar to the experience of real life |虚拟的

This device helps make virtual reality a more usable and accessible technology.|该设备有助于提高虚拟现实技术的实用性和易用性。

Their recent online studies began with an introduction to the demands of the virtual classroom.|他们新近的在线研究是以对虚拟教室需求介绍开始的。

2.almost what is stated |实质上的；实际上的

It is a virtual certainty that you will become the best student in this class;you've always been the best in everything.|事实上已肯定你将是班上最好的学生； 你一直在各方面都是最棒的。Finding a parking space in the busy season is a virtual impossibility.|想在旺季找到停车位是不现实的。

<18>commitment |n.1.[U] the hard work and loyalty that sb.gives to an organization, activity, etc.|投入, 致力，献身

My commitment to study has made me the most successful person in my small town.|我对学习的投入使我成为小镇上最成功的人。

It's a part-time program, but it's still a big time commitment.|这虽然不是个全职项目，但却需要投入大量的时间。

2.[C] a promise to follow certain beliefs or actions |承诺，许诺，保证 Marriage is a lifelong commitment.|婚姻是终生的承诺。

The governor has made a strong commitment to creating more jobs in the state.|州长信誓旦旦地保证要给州里创造更多工作机会。

<19>discipline |n.|1.[U] a state of order and control;self-control |纪律；自制能力 He did not like the army because of the strict discipline.|因为纪律太严，他不喜欢军队生活。It takes a lot of discipline to eat less and lose weight.|要做到少吃减肥得遵守许多清规戒律。

2.[C] a branch of learning |学科

She has not yet decided which discipline to take at college, but she might study history.|她没有决定在大学选修哪门学科，但她可能学历史。

The traditional academic disciplines are less popular among students, who now prefer subjects such as business studies.|传统的学术科目受学生欢迎的程度有所降低，而今工商类的课程更受他们青睐。

<20>minimum |a.|the least, or the smallest possible |最低的，最小的 The minimum age to buy cigarettes is 18.|购买香烟最低年龄是18岁。

The minimum amount of money to open an account at that bank is ten dollars.|在那个银行开户至少要有10美元。

n.|[sing.] the smallest amount |最低限度；最少量 You have to stay for a minimum of seven days.|你起码要呆上7天。

The price is her minimum;she refuses to lower it any more.|这是她开的最低价，她拒绝再降价。

<21>assignment |n.|[C] a piece of work given to a particular person |任务；作业

Half the workers were given different assignments.|有一半的工人被分配到不同的任务中。The teacher asked her students to finish their assignments every day.|老师要求学生每天完成作业。

<22>embarrass |vt.|make sb.feel ashamed, nervous, or uncomfortable |使尴尬，使难堪 Getting up on stage without knowing what to say embarrassed me.|上台不知道说什么使我感到尴尬。

I hope I didn't embarrass you in front of your friends.|但愿我没有让你在朋友面前感到尴尬。

<23> embarrassing a.|making sb.feel embarrassed |使人尴尬的；令人难堪的 Don't ask me such embarrassing questions.|别问我这种尴尬的问题。The situation is embarrassing.|这种情形令人很尴尬。

<24>frustration n.[C, U] the feeling of being disappointed, annoyed, or upset |沮丧；不安；灰心

Poetry helps me express some of the frustrations I feel at the world.|诗歌一定程度上表达了我对世事的挫折感。

I was close to tears with frustration while trying to complete the difficult math exam, but I held back.|数学考试很难，做题时我沮丧得差点掉泪，但还是忍住了。

<25>post |vt.|put up sth.on a screen, wall, or notice board |发帖子；张贴

Could you photocopy the advertisement and post it on the notice board for us? |你能不能帮我们把广告复印一份贴到公告栏里？

They post notices on the Internet, recommending that all users, whether frequent or casual, have

their disks checked.|他们在网上贴出通知，告诫所有用户检查自己的软盘。

<26>continual |a.|1.continuing without stopping |不间断的，不停的 The continual noise is making me angry.|噪音不断，我很生气。

Despite continual pain, he refused all drugs.|尽管疼痛不止，他仍然拒绝使用任何药物。

2.happening again and again |多次重复的；频繁的

There have been continual requests for improved working conditions.|人们不断要求改善工作环境。

The continual news reports about the economy have scared many manufacturers.|有关经济状况的频繁新闻报道使很多生产厂家担心不已。

<27>continually ad.1.continuing for a long time without stopping |不间断地，不停地 The Museum is continually developing—there's something new to see every year.|博物馆不断地扩展——年年都可看到新东西。

No matter how hard you try not to think about past failures, they continually cross your mind.|不管你怎样努力不去想以往的失败，这些事老在心头萦绕。

2.repeatedly for many times and over a long period of time |多次重复地;频频地 The child was continually changing his mind.|小孩的想法老是在变。

<28>reap vt.1.get sth., esp.sth.good, as a result of what one has done|获得，得到

Now they have come to reap the benefits of their hard work.|现在他们该摘取他们的劳动成果了。

Those who take risks often reap great rewards.|肯冒风险，才有大收获。

2.cut and gather a crop of grain |收割；收获

The women were all out reaping the fields.|妇女们都出去收割庄稼了。

Summer is the time for reaping a harvest of fruits and vegetables.|夏天是收获水果和蔬菜的季节。

<29>benefit n.[C] anything that brings help or profit |益处，好处

Some countries offer newcomers many benefits, such as job training and language lessons.|有些国家为初来者提供许多优惠，如工作培训和语言课程。

Tourism has brought many benefits to the area.|旅游业给这个地区带来了丰厚的收益。

v.be useful or helpful to |有益于

The new teaching program will benefit many students.|这个新的教学项目会使许多学生受益。He expects stocks to continue to rise higher, benefiting from falling interest rates.|他指望股票还能持续涨高，这样就可从下跌利率中赚上一把。

<30>insight n.[C, U] an accurate or deep understanding of sth.|洞悉；深刻的见解 The lecture provides new insights into the way we process language.|这次讲座使我们对语言处理有了新的认识。

Her research has given us some insight into what sparks a child's curiosity.|她的研究使我们对诱发孩子好奇心的因素有所了解。

<31>communicate vi.exchange feelings, opinions, or information with other people |交

流；交际

He is slow in speaking and cannot communicate with other people very well.|他说话慢慢吞吞，与人交流能力比较差。

They couldn't communicate in writing, because William was illiterate.|他们不能书信交流，因为威廉不识字。

vt.|make(opinions, feelings, or information)known or understood by others |传达；传播

Our teachers communicate their ideas very clearly.|我们的老师表达思想非常清楚。She tried to communicate her fears to her mother.|她尽力向母亲表明自己的担忧。

<32>favorite a.(BrE favourite)best liked or most enjoyed |最喜欢的

Of the many colors in nature, red is my favorite color because it is the most beautiful.|在自然界的诸多颜色中，我最喜欢红色，它最美。

Most people at the stadium will be cheering on their favorite players.|在运动场上，大多数人都会为自己喜爱的运动员加油。

n.|[C] sb.or sth.that is loved above all others |特别喜爱的人或物 I like all her books but this is my favorite.|她写的书我都喜欢，但最喜欢这本。

Conflicts in the home often result from one child being thought of as his parents' favorite.|父母视其中一个孩子为掌上明珠常会引发家庭冲突。

<33>gap n.[C] a big difference between two amounts, situations, or groups of people|差距；分歧

There's a ten-year gap between Kay's two children.|凯的两个小孩年龄相差10岁。

The age gap between us didn't seem to matter until we decided to have children.|在我们决定要孩子以前，年龄差距对我们似乎没什么影响。

Phrases and Expressions

<34>at times

|sometimes but not usually |有时，偶尔

He used to go to the theater at times.|他以前偶尔会去看看戏。At times he feels that he wants to leave his job.|有时他真想辞职。

<35>be worth sth./doing sth.|be rewarding enough for the time, effort, money, etc.|值得...的

The watch is worth more than the price.|这表的价值超出标价。

Doing morning exercises is worth the time.|花点时间做早操是值得的。

<36>not only...but also...|不仅...而且...Not only did I find the game very boring, but I also felt it was meaningless.|我觉得这场比赛非常枯燥而且没什么意义。

Not only the story is interesting to us but also the English is good for us to learn.|这故事不仅有趣，而且其英语地道，值得一学。

<37>far from

| not...at all;rather than |一点都不

The composition is far from perfect.|这篇作文太糟了。

I know he was hurt, but he was far from being the person who was hurt most.|我知道他受了伤害，但他还不是受伤害最深的人。

<38>a couple of| two;a small number of |两个；一些，几个

I will need a couple of minutes to complete the report to my boss.|我还需要几分钟时间完成给老板的报告。

I met him a couple of times last year.|去年我遇见过他几次。

<39>get/have/obtain access to

|have the right to have or use sth.|有权享用；可以使用 People living here have access to that swimming pool for free.|住在这里的人可以免费去那个游泳池游泳。

If I could get access to the head offices, I could tell the management my new ideas about how to improve this company.|如果我可以到总部办公室去，我就能向管理部门提出改善公司状况的新主意。

<40>participate in

|take part in |参加

We are expected to participate actively in English class.|我们要积极参与英语课的活动。

She participated in several sports in senior middle school.|在高中时，她参加过好几项运动项目。

<41>keep up with

|keep the same speed as |赶上；不落后

The small child had to run in order to keep up with his brother.|这小孩为了赶上他哥哥只好跑了起来。

I'm having trouble keeping up with the rest of the class.|我要赶上班上其他人还有困难。

<42>feel like sth./doing sth.|want to have or do sth.|想要；想做 I feel like a cup of tea.|我想要杯咖啡。

I just don't feel like doing anything tonight.|今晚我什么事情都不想干。

<43>give up |stop doing or stop trying to do sth.|停止，放弃

My teacher told me not to give up no matter how difficult things become.|老师要我无论如何困难都不要放弃。

I've given up trying to get her to change her mind.|我已不再争取让她改变主意。

<44>think out |consider all the aspects and details of sth.before doing it |仔细考虑；推敲；琢磨

I need time to think things out.|我需要时间好好想一下。

She hadn't thought out what she was going to say at the party.|她还没有想清楚自己在聚会上要说些什么。

<45>come across |meet, find, or discover sb.or sth.by chance |偶然遇到；偶然发现 I've never come across anyone like her father before.|我从来没有遇到像她父亲那样的人。While I was cleaning the house, I came across some old baby pictures of my father that I had

never seen before.|在打扫房间时，我偶然发现了几张我父亲还是婴儿时的老照片，这些照片我过去从未见过。

<46>reap the benefit(s)|get sth.as a reward for sth.done |获得益处，得到好处

Only a part of the people have reaped the benefits from the new policy.|只有一部分人从新政策中受益。

But the teenagers should reap the benefits of a more personal, better-run service.|然而青少年应该享受到更加个性化、实施质量更好的服务。

<47>trade for |exchange for |用...换...I traded my old car for a new one.|我把旧车换成了新车。

In order to pay off his debts, he had to trade his piano for money.|为了还债，他只好把钢琴拿去换钱。

<48>give sb.insight(s)into |give sb.a deep understanding of sth.|深刻理解

The discussion gave us a real insight into the causes of the present economic crisis.|这场讨论使我们对当前经济危机的原因有了真正的认识。

The story gave us insight into his determination to win and his desire to become the best.|这件事使我们对他决心获胜、渴望完美的心情有了深刻的认识。

<49>now that

|because of sth.or as a result of sth.|既然，由于

Now that you have come, you may stay here.|你既然来了，就留在这里吧。

Now that we know each other better, we get along fine.|既然大家相互了解更深了，相处也就融洽了。

<50>instead of |而不是；代替

They raised prices and cut production instead of cutting costs.|他们又是提价，又是减产，却没有降低成本。

He took English as his major instead of Japanese.|他选择学英语，而没选日语。

<51>reach out to |communicate with;contact |接触，联系

Online learning helps us reach out to new friends.|网络学习使我们接触新朋友。

I realized at the same time he was reaching out to me；he was also asking for help.|我同时也察觉到他正在联系我；他在寻求帮助。

学外语

学习外语是我一生中最艰苦也是最有意义的经历之一。虽然时常遭遇挫折，但却非常有价值。

我学外语的经历始于初中的第一堂英语课。老师很慈祥耐心，时常表扬学生。由于这种积极的教学方法，我踊跃回答各种问题，从不怕答错。两年中，我的成绩一直名列前茅。

到了高中后，我渴望继续学习英语。然而，高中时的经历与以前大不相同。以前，老师对所有的学生都很耐心，而新老师则总是惩罚答错的学生。每当有谁回答错了，她就会

用长教鞭指着我们，上下挥舞大喊：“错！错！错！”没有多久，我便不再渴望回答问题了。我不仅失去了回答问题的乐趣，而且根本就不想再用英语说半个字。

好在这种情况没持续多久。到了大学，我了解到所有学生必须上英语课。与高中老师不同，大学英语老师非常耐心和蔼，而且从来不带教鞭！不过情况却远不尽如人意。由于班大，每堂课能轮到我回答的问题寥寥无几。上了几周课后，我还发现许多同学的英语说得比我要好得多。我开始产生一种畏惧感。虽然原因与高中时不同，但我却又一次不敢开口了。

看来我的英语水平要永远停步不前了。

直到几年后我有机会参加远程英语课程，情况才有所改善。这种课程的媒介是一台电脑、一条电话线和一个调制解调器。我很快配齐了必要的设备并跟一个朋友学会了电脑操作技术，于是我每周用5到7天在网上的虚拟课堂里学习英语。

网上学习并不比普通的课堂学习容易。它需要花许多的时间，需要学习者专心自律，以跟上课程进度。我尽力达到课程的最低要求，并按时完成作业。

我随时随地都在学习。不管去哪里，我都随身携带一本袖珍字典和笔记本，笔记本上记着我遇到的生词。我学习中出过许多错，有时是令人尴尬的错误。有时我会因挫折而哭泣，有时甚至想放弃。但我从未因别的同学英语说得比我快而感到畏惧，因为在电脑屏幕上作出回答之前，我可以根据自己的需要花时间去琢磨自己的想法。突然有一天我发现自己什么都懂了，更重要的是，我说起英语来灵活自如。尽管我还是常常出错，还有很多东西要学，但我已尝到了刻苦学习的甜头。

学习外语对我来说是非常艰辛的经历，但它又无比珍贵。它不仅使我懂得了艰苦努力的意义，而且让我了解了不同的文化，让我以一种全新的思维去看待事物。学习一门外语最令人兴奋的收获是我能与更多的人交流。与人交谈是我最喜欢的一项活动，新的语言使我能与陌生人交往，参与他们的谈话，并建立新的难以忘怀的友谊。由于我已能说英语，别人讲英语时我不再茫然不解了。我能够参与其中，并结交朋友。我能与人交流，并能够弥合我所说的语言和所处的文化与他们的语言和文化之间的鸿沟。Exercises IX.1．我永远都不会忘记那位老师，是他告诉我学外语是有趣的、有价值的。如果没有他，我的英语说得不会像现在这样好。

2．没有任何其他语言能像英语那样让你感受到多姿多彩的世界文化。有了过硬的英语知识，你就可以体验奇妙的文化之旅。

3．写作不仅仅要写老师布置的话题，而且要写自己感兴趣的东西，例如，给朋友写电子邮件。

4．远程教学课程是指授课者与学生通过计算机通信技术进行交流的课程。

5．语不但是世界上最有用的语言，也是世界上最易学、易用的语言之一。

6．远程教学课程在时间安排止给予学生更多的自由，但与其他课程比，这些课程要求学生有更强的自律能力。XI．

The topic of the paragraph-My learning experience in junior middle school.The cause: I had a kind and patient teacher who often praised all of the students.The effect:I eagerly answered all the questions I could, never worrying much about making mistakes.I was at the top of my class for two years.XII.I am proud to say that I succeeded in learning a foreign language.It was a real challenge and, needless to say,it took a lot of practice.I carried a small dictionary with me everywhere I went as well as a notebook in which I listed new words I came across.I also managed my time carefully so that I met the standards of the course and finished assignments on time.After years of persistence, I reaped the benefits of all my hard work.Section B Reading Skills: Finding Out Word Meanings Text: Keys to Successful Online Learning

New Words

<1>community n.1.[C] a group of people who have the same interests, religion, race, etc.|团体；界

There are four ways you can help provide this important service to our academic community.你可以通过四种方式协助向我们学会提供这项重要服务。

According to Mr.Ellison, business online will quickly evolve into a Web-based business community.|艾立森先生认为，网上交易会很快演变为基于网络的商务社团。

2.[C] the people who live in the same area, town, etc.|社区居民；社区

The murder has shocked the local community who never expected such a thing to happen in their small town.|这桩凶杀案让当地居民很震惊, 他们谁都没想到在这小镇上会发生这样的事。They made regulations to better manage the community.|他们确立规章制度，以更好地管理社区。

<2>expand v.make or become larger in size, number, or amount |（使）变大；（使）扩张；（使）膨胀

Ever since he started school, he has tried to expand his mind with new information.|从开始上学起，他就想用新知识充实头脑。

Pepsi has aggressive plans to expand overseas.|百事可乐雄心勃勃，计划拓展海外市场。

<3>aware

a.having knowledge or understanding |意识到的；知道的

New babies are sometimes not aware of other people.|新生儿有时意识不到他人的存在。We were not aware of the rain until we went outside.|直到我们走出门才意识到下雨了。

<4>unique a.1.unusually good and special |极不寻常的，极好的

We have developed a unique method for preparing beef.|我们发明了一种加工牛肉的好方法。The exhibition provided a unique opportunity to see the artist's work.|这次展览是一次欣赏该艺术家作品的好机会。

2.being the only one of its type |唯一的，独特的，独一无二的 The music is unique to that country.|这是那个国家特有的音乐。

Each person's fingerprints are unique.|每个人的指纹都是独一无二的。

<5>ideal a.1.the best or most suitable that sth.could possibly be |最好的；理想的 An ideal place for a home would be near a park.|理想的家居应靠近公园。

I'm afraid the working conditions here are far from ideal.|恐怕这里的工作条件不够理想。

2.as good as one can imagine, but not likely to be real |想象的；理想化的 The ideal design would never be put into practice.|脱离实际的设计永远不会付诸实施。Plato dreamed of an ideal society.|柏拉图梦想有一个理想社会。

<6>forum n.[C] a place where people publicly discuss sth.|论坛；讨论会

The association began as a forum for sharing ideas about management problems.|那个协会开始时是个论坛，交流关于管理方面的问题。

It also provided a forum for the latest research results.|它还为最新研究成果提供了一个论坛。

<7>remove vt.1.get rid of sth.so that it does not exist any longer|消除 I can't remove this stain from the carpet.|我去不掉地毯上的污渍。

It would be best for the government to remove, rather than reduce, the tax burden placed on poor farmers.|最好是由政府免除贫困农民的缴税负担，而不是减轻负担。

2.take sth.away from the place where it is |移开，挪走 Tom paused to remove his sunglasses.|汤姆略作停顿，取下了太阳镜。

Remove the pot from the heat and allow it to cool.|把罐子从火上拿开，使其冷却。

<8>visual a.relating to seeing |视觉的

Children learn to read by understanding visual symbols.|儿童是通过理解视觉符号来学会阅读的。

Even if you don't buy anything, shopping is enjoyable for the visual experience alone.|你就是不买东西，逛逛商场也大饱眼福。

<9>barrier n.[C] sth.that prevents sb.from doing sth., or limits what they can do 障碍 Dance is an entertainment without a language barrier.|舞蹈是一种没有语言障碍的娱乐形式。A lack of education is a barrier to a good job.|受教育程度不够是找好工作的一大障碍。

<10>hinder vt.make it difficult for sb.to do sth., or for sth.to develop |阻碍，妨碍，阻止 The high cost of the vaccine has severely hindered its use.|疫苗价格昂贵严重影响了它的使用。The project has been somewhat hindered by financial restraints and much remains to be done.|项目在一定程度上受到资金限制，许多事仍然没做。

<11>addition

n.1.[U] the act of adding sth.to sth.else |添加

The addition of more meat into my diet has caused me to gain weight.|在饮食中添加肉食使我体重增加。

In 1987, the house was rebuilt with the addition of a second floor.|1987年房子翻修了一次，增加了一个楼层。

2.[C] sth.that is added to sth.else |增加物

A bottle of wine would make a pleasant addition to the meal.|这顿饭要再有一瓶葡萄酒可就锦上添花了。

Additions are made to the name list from time to time.|那份名单在不断进行补充。

<12>reflect v.1.think quietly and deeply |深思，考虑，反省

Things were very different before the war, he reflected.|他想，战前的局势真是大不一样。She reflected for a moment and then decided to change her mind about getting married at such a young age.|她考虑了一阵子，最后决定改变主意, 不那么年轻就结婚。

2.show or be a sign of a particular situation or feeling |反映, 体现 After listening to her friends, she believed that their anger did not reflect their real attitudes.|听了朋友的话后，她相信他们生气并不说明他们的真正态度。

His ideas reflected the influence of his family background.|他的想法反映了家庭背景的影响。

<13>environment|n.[C, U] the physical and social conditions in which people live |环境；周边状况；自然环境

Do girls learn better in an all-female environment? |女孩在纯女性的环境下学习状况是否会更好呢？

It's not a very safe environment for children there.|儿童处在那样的环境下不太安全。

<14>critical

a.|1.very important |极为重要的，关键性的

His help is critical to our success.|他的帮助对我们的成功非常关键。

Practice is a critical factor in learning a language.|练习是学习一门语言的关键因素。

2.giving a careful judgment of the qualities of sth.|评论的

His assignment was to write a 20-page critical review of Jane Austin.|他的作业是写一篇20页的文章评论简·奥斯汀。

He made a critical analysis of the event.|他对这一事件作了评论性的分析。

<15>perspective|n.|[C] a way of thinking about sth.|视角；观点

Lawyers and economists often approach problems from different perspectives.|律师与经济学家看待问题的角度往往是不同的。

We must look at the problem in the right perspective if we are to make positive change in the way we do things.|如果要积极地改变我们做事的办法, 必须以正确的眼光看待这个问题。

<16>peer n.[C] a person of the same age, class, or position |同龄人；同等地位的人 The boy was popular with his peers.|那个男孩很受同龄人的欢迎。

American children did not do as well in math as their peers in China.|美国儿童在数学方面的表现不如中国儿童。

<17>instruct vt.1.teach sb.sth., or show them how to do sth.|教育，指导

Without anyone to instruct me on values, I learned the difference between right and wrong by myself.|没有人教，我自己就学会了判断价值的正误。

He was sent to instruct the workers in operating the new machine.|他被派去教工人们操作新机器。

2.officially tell sb.what to do |指示，命令；通知

Tourists are instructed not to take pictures inside the building.|游客被告知楼内禁止拍照。The manager instructed his secretary to cancel all his appointments.|经理要秘书取消他所有的预约。

<18> instructor |n.|[C] a teacher |教师；指导者

He worked as a dance instructor in London.|他在伦敦担任舞蹈教师。

Teaching methods and techniques may vary by instructors.|教授方法和技巧因教师而异。

<19>arise vi.(arose, arisen)1.come into being;appear;happen|出现；发生

What can teachers do when legal problems arise? |如果出现法律问题，老师们能做些什么呢？ All staff members are expected to work overtime, if the need arises.|如果有需要，全体员工都要加班工作。

2.(from)come from |（由...）引起，（由...）产生

Errors and mistakes often arise from poor judgment.|差错与过失往往来自于判断失误。The civil war arose from the social injustices present in the country.|内战的爆发是因为该国存在社会不公现象。

<20>absolute a.complete or total|完全的；十足的

There was absolute certainty in his voice and no doubt about the actions he should take next.|他的口气绝对的肯定，下一步怎么办是不容置疑的。

He has absolute confidence in what was about to happen.|他对即将发生的事完全有信心。

<21>

absolutely ad.completely and in every way|完全地；十足地

This statement should be absolutely clear in the minds of everyone concerned and should not be misunderstood under any circumstances.|所有相关人员必须对该声明做到心中完全有数，在任何情况下都不允许曲解。

The work of the sales team was absolutely critical to the mission of the company.|销售组的工作对完成公司的任务至关重要。

<22>explicit

a.expressed in a clear and direct way |清楚的；直截了当的

He's not being very explicit about his plans, is he? |他对他的计划有意含糊其辞，是吗？

Mr.Smith left explicit instructions that he wasn't to be disturbed.|史密斯先生明确指示不允许任何人打扰他。

<23>comment n.[C] an opinion about sb.or sth.|意见；评论

The author gives useful comment on many of the ideas discussed.|作者对于许多议题都给予了有用的意见。

He was new to the team and wasn't sure whether or not he should give his comments on their direction.|他是新来的，不知道是否应该对他们的指示发表意见。

vi.express an opinion about sb.or sth.|评论

Officials for those companies refused to comment on this issue.|负责那些公司事务的官员拒绝对此事发表评论。

I am in no position to comment on the matter.|我无权对此事发表评论。

<24>reinforce vt.make sth.stronger |强化；加固

Cultural and family values often reinforce traditional beliefs.|文化和家庭价值观往往强化传统信仰。

When the wall began to fall apart, it became clear that somebody should reinforce it with new materials.|大墙开始倒塌，显然要用新材料来加固。

<25>requirement|n.sth.that is needed or necessary |要求；要求的东西

I knew that concentration was the first requirement for learning.|我知道专心致志是学习的首要条件。

The faculty agreed on a change in the requirements.|系里同意对要求进行修改。

<26>likely ad.probably |可能地

He very likely does not understand the nature of the risk that he describes.|他很有可能并不理解自己所谈的风险的实质。

Profit will most likely have risen by about $25 million.|利润极有可能要增加2,500万美元左右。

a.probably going to happen, or probably true |可能的；有希望的 It is likely that investors will face losses.|投资者有可能受到损失。

An unsuitable bed is the most likely cause of back trouble.|背部的不适极有可能是因为床铺选用不当。

<27>commit vt.1.decide to use for a particular purpose |使用；用于

They called on Western nations to commit more money to the poor nations.|他们呼吁西方国家向贫穷国家投入更多资金。

A lot of money and time has been committed to this project.| 大量资金和时间都已投入到该项目。

2.do sth.wrong or illegal |犯（错误、罪行等）；干（蠢事、坏事等）The crime had been committed in cold blood.|这宗犯罪真是残酷。

He said this was the worst mistake that he had ever committed.|他说这是他犯的最大的错误。

<28>assimilate vt.take in new ideas, information, etc.| 吸收，理解，掌握 It will take time to assimilate all these new ideas.|消化吸收这些新想法需要时间。

The person we are looking for must be flexible, creative, and able to assimilate new ideas.|我们在物色的人必须能随机应变，有创造力，能吸收新想法。

<29>provide

vt.give sth.to sb.or make sth.available to sb.|提供

New Horizon College English provides a new way of learning English and its Web site is definitely worth visiting.| 新视野大学英语教材为英语学习提供了新模式，其网站无疑值得访问。

The money will be used to provide the school with new computer equipment.|这笔资金将用于为学校添置新的计算机设备。

<30>input n.[U] information or some other kinds of resources that are put in/into |输入；投入

Any information that you put into a computer is taken as input.|输进计算机的任何信息均被视为输入。

Almost everyone involved had some input into what went wrong, so they should all share the

blame.|几乎所有人都参与了，所以都要对出现的错误承担一定责任。

<31>essential a.completely necessary |必不可少的，非常重要的 It is essential to remember every detail.|记住每个细节非常重要。

Summarize your essential points on one page.|把你的要点总结在一张纸上。

n.[C](usu.pl.)sth.necessary |要素；要点 the essentials of English grammar |英语语法要点

Details may hide the essentials.|细节会使要点难以辨认。

<32>challenge vt.1.question the rightness of sth.|质疑，对...表示怀疑

They challenged the authority of what he said.|他们对其发言的权威性提出了质疑。

Six states have challenged the law in federal court.|有六个州已就该法律向联邦法院提出质疑。

2.invite sb.to compete against oneself |向...挑战

To prove that he was faster than his friend, John challenged him to a race.|为了证明他比他的朋友跑得快，约翰提出与他赛跑。

Growing forces of opposition are challenging this government.|反对派力量不断增长，对这届政府正形成威胁。

n.[C, U] sth.that needs a lot of skill, effort and determination to achieve |挑战，考验

I like the challenge of learning new things.|我喜欢了解新事物要面临的挑战。

You may find your first couple of months on the job quite a challenge.|在工作的头几个月，你会感到巨大的挑战。

<33>normally

ad.in the usual way or to the usual degree |通常；正常地 The museum isn't normally as crowded as this.|博物馆通常不像这样拥挤。

Although they normally work a 40-hour week, much overtime is often required.|尽管他们一般一周工作40小时，还是常常被要求加班。

<34>sequence n.1.[C, U] a series of related events, actions, etc.that happen or are done in a particular order |连续；一连串

a sequence of good news |一连串的好消息

the sequence of events leading to the war |导致战争的一连串事件

2.[C, U] the order that sth.happens or exists in |次序，顺序 The chairs are numbered in sequence.|椅子按顺序编号。The numbers are out of sequence.|这些号码顺序乱了。

<35>sequential a.connected with or happening in a particular order |连续的 The numbers are arranged in sequential order.|这些号码是按顺序排列的。It's not sequential;it's more like a web.|这不是连续的，而更像一个网络。

<36>vital a.1.very important |极其重要的

His evidence was vital to the defense case.|他的证词对辩护案件极其重要。

In this job, the ability to remain calm is vital.|在这个工作岗位上，保持镇静的能力非常重要。

2.full of life and force |有生命的，充满生机的

He is a strong, vital man.|他是一个身体强壮、充满活力的人。

The music sounds fresh and vital.|这种音乐听起来清新且富有活力。

<37>personally ad.by oneself |亲自

The President wrote to us personally to thank us for our hard work.|总统亲自写信给我们，感谢我们所付出的艰辛劳动。

The teacher wants to talk to you personally.|老师想亲自和你谈谈。

<38>effective a.1.producing the desired result |有效的，起作用的

Effective communication is vital in problem solving.|有效沟通对解决问题十分重要。

The advertisement was simple but remarkably effective.|广告虽然简单，但效果却非常显著。

2.being put into practice |生效的

The effective date of the agreement has been delayed to January 1 next year.|这个协议的生效日期推迟到了明年的1月1号。

The new law will be effective from April 16th.|这部新法律要从4月16号起生效。

<39>facilitate vt.make it easier for sth.to happen |使容易；有助

With modern technology, the process of communication is greatly facilitated.|有了现代化设备，交流的过程大大便利了。

Guests take advantage of local transportation in order to facilitate cultural exchanges.|旅客利用当地的运输系统促进文化交流。

<40> facilitator n.[C] sb.who helps people do things effectively |促进者，推动者

The tutor is the facilitator of learning, while the learner is active.|家教固然能促进学习，学习者自身才起主动作用。

I hope that we will continue to have the same facilitator as last semester;she was a lot of help.|我想继续聘用上学期的学习辅导员；她有很大帮助。

Phrases and Expressions

<41>play a role |1.do sth.and have an influence on it |起作用

Online learning is playing a very important role in education.|网络学习在教育中起着重要的作用。

Clearly there are many factors that play a role in the decision-making process.|显然，在决策的过程中，有许多因素在起作用。

2.act a role in a play or film |扮演一个角色

Many famous actors dreamed of playing the role of Hamlet.|很多著名的演员梦想着能够扮演哈姆雷特这一角色。

<42>be/become aware of

|know about a situation or a fact |认识到，知道，觉察到 Are you aware of my coming? |你知道我要来吗？

I was not aware that you had already heard of the news.|我不知道你们已经听说了这个消息。

<43>in addition |what is more;moreover |另外，加之

In addition, we usually spend a week of the first term in Paris.|此外，我们通常会在春季去巴黎呆上一周。

In addition to the 40,000 students taking class on campus, the University has over 300 students on distance-learning.|除了在校的40,000名学生外，该校还有300多名远程学习的学生。

<44>reflect on

|think carefully about sth.|深思，考虑

She sat reflecting on how much had changed since she'd bought the farm.|她坐在那里，想着自从自己买下农场后所发生的变化。

He had time to reflect on his successes and failures.|他有时间对自己的成功和失败进行反思。

<45>speak up

|1.say sth., esp.to express an opinion |说出意见或看法

There was a brief silence, then he spoke up.|先是短暂的沉默；接着他发了言。

If you never speak up, people will not know how you feel.|如果不把想法说出来，大家不会知道你是怎么想的。

2.speak louder |大声说

Could you speak up so I can hear you, please? |麻烦您声音大点好么？ Speak up so grandma can hear you.|说大声点, 祖母才会听得到。

<46>be finished with |complete the job that one was doing |做完，完成 Aren't you finished with the wash up yet? |你还没把餐具洗完吗？

When you are finished with the book, give it back to me.|书看完后就还给我吧。

<47>allow for |consider sth.when making a plan or decision |为...留出余地；考虑到

We must start early to allow for troubles we might have in finding her house.|考虑到她的房子不好找，我们得早点出发。

It will take you an hour to get to the station, allowing for traffic delays.|把路上耽搁的时间算进去，你要用一个小时才能到车站。

<48>on sb.'s part/on the part of sb.|done or experienced by sb.|某人所做的；就某人而言 It was the mistake on my part.|这是我的错。

There are still doubts on the part of the students.|这些学生仍然心存疑虑。

<49>catch up(with)|improve and reach the same standard as other people |赶上，追上 He is studying hard to catch up with his classmates.|他正努力学习以赶上其他同学。Run faster!They are catching up with us.|跑快点！他们快追上咱们了。

<50>remind sb.of sth.|make sb.remember sth |使想起；提醒

The photo always reminds me of college days.|这张相片总让我想起大学里的日子。

She never forgets to remind her husband of his promises.|她从不忘记提醒丈夫他曾许下的诺言。

网络学习的成功秘诀

虽然常规的学校依然存在，但虚拟课堂在今天的教学领域中起着重要的作用。随着学生就业机会的迅速增多，越来越多不同年龄层的人开始意识到这种在家就学的网上学习方

式。然而，网络学生需要具备一些特别的素质才能取得成功。以下是网上学生要取得成功必备的一些理想素质。

1.与人分享生活、工作及学习经验，这些是网上学习的一部分。许多人发现网上学习需要他们运用各自的经验，同时又为他们提供了相互交流的场所。这一交流场所消除了一些学生自我表达的视觉障碍。此外，学生在答题之前有时间进行思考，这就使得网上环境开放而友好。

2.能通过书写进行交流。虚拟课堂的交流几乎都是书面形式。因而很重要的一点是学生要具有书面表达能力。有些学生书面表达能力差，有待提高，可以在网上学习之前提高或将其作为网上学习的一部分。这常常需要他们加倍努力。不管是单独学习还是小组学习，学生们就学习内容交流观点和见解，并展开讨论，同时了解其他同学的意见。这样，学生可以从同龄人那里得到启发，既跟老师学，又互相学习。

3.说出你的困难。记住，虚拟课堂里老师看不见学生。这就意味学生必须直接明了地表达自己的看法和要求。如果碰到技术方面的问题，或在理解课程中遇到困难，必须大胆说出来，否则任何人都无从知晓问题所在。如果某人不理解某个问题，或许别人也有同样的问题。如果有哪个学生能解决，他(她)也许就会帮助你。学生在给他人解释问题时，自己对该问题的认识也加深了。

4.认真对待课程。网上学习并不比课堂学习容易。事实上，许多学生说它需要花更多的时间和努力。网络课程的要求不低于其他任何一种优质课程。然而，取得成功的学生认为网上学习是一种便捷的受教育方式，但并不容易。晚上或周末，为了完成作业，许多网络学生在电脑前一坐就是几个小时。别人已完成作业和学习，开始玩耍，而此时网络学生却很可能还在上课。他们每门课程每周要上4到15小时。

5.把批判性思维和决策作为网上学习的一部分。网络课程要求学生根据事实和经验做出决定。对学生来讲，理解并消化信息，并通过批判性思维做出正确的决定是十分必要的。在积极的网络环境中，学生从老师、同学那里感受到自己的价值，对自己的学习也感到满意。

6.三思而后答。在虚拟课堂上做出有意义、高质量的回答是网上学习的重要部分。要花时间斟酌并仔细作答，提倡对不同观点进行验证和质疑。网络学生往往并不总是对的；他们应做好准备，迎接挑战。

7.跟上课程进度。网上学习通常是循序渐进的，要求学生专心投入。与网络课程保持同步，并按时完成所有功课至关重要。一旦落后就很难赶上。学生要有成功的欲望，而且也要渴望这种经历。老师可能会与学生面对面交流，提供帮助并提醒他们跟上进度的必要性。

正如许多优秀教师并不能有效地用网络辅助教学一样，并不是所有学生都具备在网上学习中取得成功所需的素质。具备上述素质的人通常能够成为优秀的网络学生。一旦拥有这些素质，网上学习说不定将是你最有价值的发现之一。

Exercises

Section C Comprehensive Exercises

Unit 2 Preview Do you ever have difficulty talking to your parents? You‟re not alone.Young people and their parents usually fail in their attempts to communicate with each other.As a result, their two different worlds can move in separate directions or collide head-on.This is what is known as the “generation gap”

What can be done about this problem? The best solution is for both sides to practice better listening skills.Hearing what has been said and actually listening are entirely different matters.Listening means making the effort to truly understand and connect with what someone else is trying to say, and it is the key to effective communication.Section A Pre-reading Activity You are about to read an early morning exchange between daughter and her parents.From the exchange, you will find that they think about the same things in very different ways.You will also find how they misunderstand each other.They seem to be blind to what is important in each other„s lives.This creates the so-called gap between the older and the younger generations.Yet, from another point of view, the exchange also shows the parents‟ deep concern for their daughter, who doesn‟t seem to know it.1.They have an early morning exchange.2.2.They misunderstand each other and seem to be blind to what is important in each other‟s lives.This creates the so-called gap.Text: Deep Concern

Language Point

Language Point 1 | The radio clicked on.Rock music blasted forth.(Para.1)|Meaning: As soon as the radio turned on with a short, sharp sound, rock music began playing loudly.Language Point 2 | Sandy sang along with the words as she lay listening to her favorite radio station.(Para.1)| Meaning: Sandy sang the song that was playing on her favorite radio station while she was still in bed.Language Point 3 | Sandy, turn that music off!(Para.2)| Meaning: Sandy, stop that music!

Language Point 4 | Steve Finch burst into her room.(Para.2)| Meaning: Steve Finch entered her room suddenly.Language Point 5 | Why do you have to listen to such horrible stuff?(Para.2)| Meaning: Why do you have to listen to such bad music?

|Language Point 6 |...though it does have rhythm.(Para.2)| Meaning:...though it really has rhythm.Here “does” is used for emphasis(强调)and should be followed by the bare infinitive form of the verb.More examples:| He does have a brother in England.他的确有个弟弟在英国。She did go to

see the doctor yesterday.她昨天的确去看病了。

Language Point 7 | I can't stand it.(Para.4)| Meaning: It is too much for me to bear.Language Point 8 | Then she grabbed the soap and washed thoroughly, including her hair.(Para.5)| Meaning: Then she took the soap suddenly and washed herself all over, including her hair.Language Point 9 | It isn't healthy to eat standing up.(Para.7)| Meaning: It isn't good for your health if you have your breakfast while standing up.Language Point 10 | I'll brush my teeth when I'm done.(Para.12)| Meaning: I'll brush my teeth when I have finished my breakfast.|Language Point 11 | It's disgusting.(Para.13)| Meaning: It's bad, and I don't like it.Language Point 12 | Stop bugging me.(Para.16)| Meaning: Stop bothering me.Language Point 13 | Sandy Finch, you're too young to wear that much makeup.(Para.19)| Meaning: Sandy Finch, you're not old enough to wear so much makeup.Notice that the mother greeted the daughter by full name, which means the mother was very firm in her opinion and/or wanted to be sure to get her daughter's full attention.Language Point 14 |...and bolted out of the house.(Para.20)| Meaning:...and left the house quickly.Language Point 15 | After Sandy had left for school, Jane Finch sat down in peace and quiet to drink her coffee.(Para.21)| Meaning: After Sandy had left for school, Jane Finch sat down calmly to drink her coffee.Language Point 16 | No, thanks, honey.My stomach feels upset—like its full of knots.(Para.23)| Meaning: No, thanks, dear.I am not feeling well in stomach.It seems full of knots.Notice that the expression “it's full of knots” may come from the idiom “knots in ones stomach”, which means a tight uncomfortable feeling caused by a strong emotion such as fear or anger.Language Point 17 | I don't think I'm old-fashioned, but hearing those tuneless, offensive lyrics repeatedly makes my blood boil.(Para.23)| Meaning: I don't think I am unwilling to accept new ideas, but hearing those unpleasant songs over and over makes me angry.Language Point 18 |...different music appeals to different generations...(Para.24)| Meaning:...people of different age groups like different types of music...Language Point 19 | Maybe eating breakfast will help me get rid of some of the knots in my stomach.(Para.25)| Meaning: Maybe eating breakfast will help me feel better.Language Point 20 |...that music could have a negative influence on Sandy.(Para.27)| Meaning:...the music could have a bad effect on Sandy.Language Point 21 |...she and Sandy could still talk things over.(Para.29)| Meaning:...she could still have a good discussion with Sandy about these things.Language Point 22 | She knew she had to have patience and keep the lines of communication with her daughter open.(Para.29)| Meaning: She knew she had to be patient and keep communication with her daughter effective.Language Point 23 | She wanted to be there as an anchor for her, but at the same time she would give her freedom to find her own identity.(Para.29)| Meaning: She wanted to be a person who can make her feel safe and supported but at the same time let her find out who she is by herself.New Words

<1>concern n.1.[U] a feeling of worry |担心；忧虑

In the story the parents show their great concern for their daughter.|故事里，父母对他们的女儿表现出极大的担心。

The recent rise in crime is a matter of great public concern.|近来犯罪的增多是公众非常担忧的事情。

2.[C] sth.that makes sb.worried |关心的事；担心的事

His main concern is to be able to provide money for his family.|他主要关心的是为家里赚钱。Your private life is not my concern.|你的私生活与我无关。

vt.|1.make sb.feel worried |使担心；使忧虑

It isn't your problem—don't concern yourself with it.|这不是你的问题，你用不着担心。

What concerns me most is that despite pay increases, production has not improved.|最令我担心的是虽然工资增加了，生产却没有上去。

2.be about sth.|涉及，与...有关系

This article concerns the issue of generation gap.|这篇文章讲的是代沟问题。

This study concerns couples' expectations of marriage.|这项研究涉及夫妻对婚姻的期待。

<2>click vi.make a short, sharp sound |发出咔嗒声 The key clicked in the lock.|钥匙在琐里咔嗒响了一声。

Her shoes clicked against the floor as she walked.|她走动时，鞋在地板上咔噔咔噔作响。

n.|[C] a short, sharp sound |咔嗒声

The door opened with a click.|门咔嗒一声开了。

I heard a click, and then the phone went dead.|我听到咔嗒一声电话就挂了。

<3>blast vi.produce a lot of noise, esp.music |发出响亮的声音（尤指音乐）Music blasted from the radio.|收音机里猛地响起了音乐。

A machine gun blasted just outside the tent.|帐篷外，机关枪突然嘟嘟嘟地响起来。

vt.|break up by explosion |爆破

They had to blast their way through the mountainside.|他们不得不沿着山坡炸出一条路来。The first shot missed and blasted a hole in the wall.|第一枪打偏了，在墙上炸出了一个洞。

n.|[C] an explosion |爆炸

The blast completely destroyed the building.|爆炸彻底摧毁了这栋建筑。

The blast killed 168 people and hurt hundreds.|爆炸炸死了168人，炸伤了数百人。

<4>forth ad.out;forward |出来；向外

The sun came forth from behind the clouds.|太阳从云后出来。

The house was still burning with thick black smoke pouring forth.|房子还在燃烧，冒出浓浓的黑烟。

<5>burst vi.(burst, burst)move somewhere suddenly or quickly, esp.into or out of a place |冲，闯

Several students burst into the schoolmaster's office just as he was about to leave.|校长正要离开时，几个学生闯进了他的办公室。

She burst out of the room without saying a single word.|她什么也没说，冲出了房间。

<6>horrible a.1.very bad or unpleasant |糟糕的；使人不愉快的 This tastes horrible!|真难吃！

The weather has been really horrible all week.|这一周天气真是糟糕透了。

2.shocking;frightening |可怕的；令人恐惧的

What a horrible story!|可怕的故事!It's horrible to hear that so many people in the world are hungry and don't have food.|听到世界上有这么多人挨饿，没东西吃，感到很可怕。

<7>stuff n.[U] sth.that one does not know the correct name |东西

What's the green stuff at the bottom of the bottle? |瓶底上那绿色的是什么东西？

I don't know how we're going to get all this stuff into the car.|我不知道我们如何将这些东西全部搬进车里去。

vt.|push sth.into a space |填；塞

The pillow was stuffed with feathers.|枕头里塞满了羽毛。

The rooms are stuffed with antiques and priceless treasures.|这几间房子都塞满了古董和无价之宝。

<8>rhythm n.[C, U] a regular repeated pattern of sounds or movements |节奏 I'm not keen on the tune but I love the rhythm.|我不特别喜欢那曲调，但喜欢它的节奏。You need to feel the rhythm of the music in order to dance properly.|为了跳好舞，你需要感受音乐的节奏。

<9>grab vt.take sth.suddenly or roughly |抓住，夺得

Helen grabbed the toy car from her little brother.|海伦抢去了弟弟手上的玩具汽车。

She grabbed her clothes and ran out when the alarm went off.|警报响起时，她抓起衣服就往外跑。

<10>thorough a.including every possible detail |全面的，彻底的 The doctor gave the patient a thorough check-up.|医生为病人做了全面检查。

The police made a thorough search of the house and found the child hiding under a chair.|警察彻底搜查了那所房子，发现孩子藏在椅子下。

<11> thoroughly ad.carefully and completely |完全地；彻底地 We thoroughly enjoyed our holiday.|我们假期玩得非常开心。

Eating only thoroughly cooked foods will reduce your risk of illness.|只吃完全煮熟的食物可以减少生病的危险。

<12>makeup n.[U] paint, powder, creams, etc.that people put on their face |化妆品 She hadn't taken off her stage makeup yet when I saw her.|我见到她时她还没有缷去戏妆。After I put on my makeup, I'll be ready to go with you to the restaurant.|我化好妆后，就准备和你去饭馆。

<13>toast n.1.[U] bread made brown by heating |烤面包 He had toast for breakfast.|他早餐吃了烤面包。

She had a slice of toast and a cup of coffee.|她吃了一块烤面包，喝了一杯咖啡。

2.[C] an act of drinking, esp.in order to thank sb., wish sb.luck, etc.|祝酒，干杯

We drank a toast to our teacher's health.|我们干杯祝老师身体健康。

I'd like to propose a toast to the bride and groom.|我提议为新娘新郎干杯。

vt.|hold up one's glass and wish sb.success, happiness, luck, etc.|祝酒，干杯

Let's toast the friendship between our two countries.|让我们为两国的友谊干杯。Let's toast Edward for a job well done.|让我们为爱德华出色的工作干杯。

<14>disgusting a.very unpleasant |令人厌恶的，令人反感的 A bad egg has a disgusting smell.|臭蛋味道很难闻。

Rubbish was piled everywhere—it was disgusting.|到处堆着垃圾，真叫人恶心。

<15>bug vt.(infml.)bother;annoy;trouble |打扰；使烦恼

It really bugs me when people come around without calling first.|有些人不先打电话就来，实在讨厌。

It just bugs me that I have to work so many extra hours for no extra money.|我必须加班加点地干这么多小时，却没有额外的工钱，实在让人烦恼。

<16>eyeliner n.[C] |描眼膏；眼线笔

French eye-liners are well-known to the world.|法国眼线笔世界有名。She was wearing thick, black eyeliner.|她描了浓浓的黑色眼线。

<17>tattoo n.[C] patterns made by putting ink into the skin |文身

She said she hated to see the tattoo on his arm.| 她说她讨厌看见他手臂上的刺纹。He has a tattoo of a snake on his left arm.|他的左臂刺了一条蛇。

vt.|have patterns made by putting ink into the skin |在身上刺文身

He had the words “I love you” tattooed on his chest.|他胸前文着“我爱你”的字样。The man's left arm was tattooed with a snake.|这男人的左臂刺了一条蛇。

<18>pierce vt.make a hole in |穿孔于，打眼于

Many women have pierced their ears.|很多女士都扎了耳朵眼。

Rose underwent emergency surgery after a bullet pierced her lung.|一颗子弹穿了她的肺后，罗斯做了紧急手术。

<19>bolt vi.move fast or run away suddenly |奔；窜

The noise of the explosion made the horses bolt.|一声爆响，把那些马吓跑了。

Before I could say a word, she turned and bolted out the front door.|不等我说话，她转身就窜出了前门。

<20>upset a.feeling ill, worried, or anxious |不适的；心烦的；苦恼的

Phone and tell the teacher that you get an upset stomach.|打电话告诉老师你的胃不舒服。I was quite upset at losing my purse.|我丢了钱包，心里非常不快。

vt.|(upset, upset)make sb.worried, anxious, or ill |使心烦；使苦恼；使不适

The news of his son's disappearance upset him.|他儿子失踪的消息使他心烦意乱。What upsets me most is the fact that she told a lie.|最让我不安的是她撒了谎。

<21>knot n.1.[C] an uncomfortable feeling, esp.in the stomach, caused by fear, anger, etc.|紧张（感）；心窝揪紧 a knot of fear |一阵恐惧

There was a knot of tension in his stomach.|他感到一阵紧张。

2.[C] a join made by tying rope, cloth, etc.|（绳索、布条等打成的）结

Please tie a knot at the end of rope.|请在绳子的一端打个结。Can you help me undo the knot? |帮我打开这个结好吗？

<22>awful a.very bad or unpleasant;terrible |糟糕的；可怕的 It would be awful if they found out.|如果他们知道了真相，那就糟了。I felt awful about not being able to help.|我帮不上忙，心里很难受。

<23> tune n.[C] a number of musical notes that form a pleasing pattern of sound |曲调；旋律

I can't remember the tune of that song.|我记不起那首歌的调子。

I've heard that tune before, but I don't know the words to the song.|我听过这个曲子，但记不起歌词了。

<24>tuneless a.without tune;not having a pleasant tune |不成调的；不悦耳的

A young man walked by, singing a tuneless song.|一个年轻人从身边走过，哼着不成调的歌。The song is tuneful, but her voice is tuneless.|歌很有旋律，可她的嗓子不动听。

<25>offensive

a.causing offense;unpleasant |讨厌的；令人不快的

There are complaints that the advertisement was offensive to women.|有人投诉说这则广告是对女性的冒犯。

There is an offensive smell in the room.|房间里有难闻的气味。

<26>lyric n.[C](~s)words of a song, esp.a popular song |歌词 I like the lyrics of this song.|我喜欢这首歌的歌词。

He wrote some great music, but the lyrics he wrote weren't that good.|他创作了一些好音乐，但他写的歌词不怎么样。

<27>appeal vi.1.(to)attract;interest |使喜欢；吸引

This music is too old-fashioned to appeal to young people any longer.|这音乐太老，不能再吸引年轻人。

The idea of working abroad really appeals to me.|到国外工作对我真的有吸引力。

2.make a strong request for help, support, etc.|恳请；呼吁

The police are appealing to the public for any information about the murder victim.|警方呼吁公众提供有关被害者的情况。

The police have appealed to anyone with information to come forward and talk to them.|警察呼吁所有知情的人来和他们谈谈。

<28>rid a.no longer annoyed by sb.or sth.unpleasant or unwanted |摆脱...的 Just give him the money and you can be rid of him.|给他点钱，你就可以摆脱他了。Take the medicine, and you can get rid of this cold.|把药吃了，感冒就好了。

vt.|(rid, rid)make sb.or sth.free from sth.unpleasant or unwanted |使摆脱，使去掉

You must rid yourself of these old-fashioned ideas.|你必须抛掉这些陈旧的观念。Will science finally rid us of this disease? |科学最终会让我们根除这种疾病吗？

<29> piercing n.[C] a hole made through part of one's body in order to wear jewelry there |刺穿的孔

She has piercings in both of her ears.|她两耳都打了耳朵眼。

Body massage and ear piercing are offered at the small shop.|这家小店提供身体按摩和穿耳孔服务。

<30>negative a.1.bad or harmful |不好的；负面的；消极的

I'm feeling very negative about my job—in fact I'm thinking about finding a new one.|我觉得我的工作很没劲，事实上我正考虑找一份新工作。

All this had a negative effect on my work.|所有这些对我的工作都产生了负面影响。

2.saying or meaning no |否定的

What is the negative form of this word? |这个词的否定形式是什么？

He gave a negative answer without any explanation.|他没有解释，只是给了否定回答。

<31>influence n.[C, U] an effect on sb.or sth.|影响；作用

The fact that he's rich and famous had no influence on our decision.|他有钱有名气，但这不会影响我们的决定。

The parents were worried about the influence of Western films and TV programs on their children.|父母们担心西方电影和电视节目会影响孩子。

vt.|have an effect on |影响

You must decide for yourself.Don't let anyone else influence you.|你必须自己决定，别受他人 的影响。

How much does TV advertising really influence what people buy?| 电视广告对人们购物的影响到底有多少？

<32>patience n.[U] the quality of being able to remain calm, esp.when there is a difficulty or one has to wait a long time |耐心；忍耐（性）

I'm sorry.I've got no patience with people who don't even try.|对不起，我不能容忍那些连试一下都不肯的人。

This type of medical research requires great patience.|这种医学研究需要极大的耐心。

<33>anchor n.1.[C] sb.or sth.that provides support and a feeling of safety |依靠，靠山 Parents need to be an anchor for their children.|父母应当是孩子的靠山。

Dad was the anchor of the family and I could always go to him for help.|爸爸是家里人的依靠，我随时可以去找他帮忙。

2.[C] a heavy metal object that is dropped into the water from a boat in order

to keep the boat in one place |锚

In the morning we weighed anchor and sailed on.|清晨我们起锚继续航行。We dropped anchor a few yards offshore.|我们在离岸几码远的地方抛锚。

<34>identity n.[C] who or what a person or thing is |身份；本体

To escape the police, he had to conceal his identity.|为了躲避警方，他不得不隐瞒身份。She applied for a teaching job under a false identity.|她用假身份申请从事教书工作。

Phrases and Expressions <35>along with |together with |一起，一道

Along with hundreds of others, she lost her job when the factory closed.|工厂倒闭，她和其他几百名工人一起失去了工作。

The mother was saved from the fire along with her baby.|母亲和婴儿都被从火中救了出来。

<36>turn off |stop using a piece of equipment by moving a switch |关闭

Please turn all the lights off as you leave the building;we can't afford to waste power.|离开时请将所有的灯关掉，我们浪费不起电。

She turned off the water, dried herself, and dressed in jeans and a shirt.|她把水关掉，擦干身上的水，然后穿上牛仔裤和衬衫。

<37>burst into |1.enter a place suddenly |闯入

She burst into the manager's office and demanded to speak to him.|她冲入经理办公室，要求当面跟他说话。

His partner was so excited about the news that he burst into the room to tell him.|他的伙伴听到这消息非常激动，冲进房间去告诉他。

2.start suddenly |突然开始

She burst into laughter.|她突然笑了起来。

Afterwards, she went straight to the ladies' room and burst into tears.|然后，她径直走进卫生间

哭了起来。

<38>over and over | again and again;repeatedly |一再，反复

Read the word over and over until you can say it correctly.|一遍一遍地读这个单词，直到你读对了为止。

They kept asking the same question over and over again.|他们反复问同一个问题。

<39>reach for |move one's hand or arm in order to touch or hold sth.|伸手去摸；伸手去取 There was no time for me to reach for my gun.|我来不及伸手掏枪。

There was a noise outside, so Bill reached for his flashlight.|比尔听到外面的声响，便伸手去拿手电筒。

<40>turn up |increase the amount of heat, sound, etc.by moving a switch |调大，开大 He turned the heat up because it was very cold inside the house.|他把暖气开大了点，因为屋里非常冷。

Is the sound turned up too loud for you? |你看这声音是否开得太大了？

<41>turn down |reduce the amount of heat, sound, etc.by moving a switch |调小，开小 She could not bear the music and turned down the volume.|她受不了这种音乐，于是把音量关小了。

Can you turn the TV down? I'm trying to work.|你能把电视的声音开小点吗？我正想静心工作呢。

<42>as well as |in addition to |除...之外；和

He's worked in Japan as well as Italy.| 他在日本工作过，也在意大利工作过。

Flowers are chosen for their scent as well as their look.|选花既要闻其香，又要观其色。

<43>turn on |cause water, gas, etc.to flow or equipment to operate |打开开关 Please turn on the light for me;it's getting dark.|天黑了，请给我开开灯。

Jack turned on his computer and checked his email.|杰克打开电脑，查看电子邮件。

<44>as usual

|in the way that happens most of the time |像往常一样，照例

Everything went on as usual, as if nothing had happened.|一切照常进行，好像什么也没发生过。

As usual, they'd left the children at home with the babysitter.|像往常一样，他们将孩子留在家里由保姆看管。

<45>in peace and quiet |calmly;in a peaceful state |平静地

I'm tired—can't you just leave me in peace and quiet? |我累了，你不能让我静一静吗？

I wish she would just leave me in peace and quiet so that I can think about the problem without interruption.|我希望她能让我静一静，这样我可以不受干扰，好好想一想这个问题。

<46>wake up |(cause to)stop sleeping |（使）醒来 Wake up, Jimmy, it's 8: 00.|醒醒，吉米，八点钟了！

I'll wake you up when it's time to leave.|到了走的时候我会叫醒你。

<47>make one's blood boil | make sb.angry |使某人生气

Her tuneless music made her father's blood boil.|她那难听的音乐使她父亲很生气。Whenever I think about it, it makes my blood boil.|我一想起它就生气。

<48>get rid of

|1.free oneself from sth.unwanted or unpleasant |摆脱；除去

I've tried all sorts of medicines to get rid of this cold.|为了治好感冒，我已经试了各种药物。This is an effective way to get rid of weeds.|这是一种除草的有效方法。

2.throw away or destroy sth.that one does not want|丢弃；扔掉

We're moving, so we have to get rid of a lot of our old furniture.|我们要搬家，不得不扔掉很多旧家具。

We should encourage the governments of the world to get rid of all nuclear weapons.|我们应该鼓励各国政府销毁所有的核武器。

<49>knots in one's stomach |an unpleasant tight feeling |紧张，不安 He said he felt knots in his stomach.|他说他感到不安。

She had knots in her stomach before meeting his parents for the first time.|她第一次见他的父母时感到紧张。

<50>in any case |no matter what happens |无论如何；不管怎样

The cost may be lower than we first thought, but in any case it will still be a lot.|费用也许比我们当初想象的低，但无论如何仍相当可观。

I don't understand why you're against it.In any case, I'm going to try.|我不明白为什么你不同意，无论如何我要试一试。

<51>talk sth.over |talk about sth.thoroughly and seriously, esp.in order to settle a problem or reach a decision |商议；讨论

If you're worried about this change of career, why don't you talk it over with your family? |如果你对这次变换职业担心的话，为什么不和家人商量一下呢？

She wanted me to go to her office to talk things over.|她要我到她办公室把事情谈清楚。

深深的忧虑

收音机“咔嗒”一声，摇滚乐就大声地响开了。音乐像枪声似的将桑迪吵醒。她看了一下钟，早上6点一刻。她躺在床上，听着她喜欢的电台广播，嘴里哼着歌词。

“桑迪，” 她父亲喊道，“桑迪，把音乐关了！”史蒂夫·芬奇冲进她的卧室。“你为什么一定要听这么糟糕的音乐？ 还听了一遍又一遍。虽然有节奏，可恐怕不是真正的音乐。”

“我喜欢这种音乐，爸爸。这是我最喜欢的。您听一下吧，您肯定会喜欢的。” 桑迪伸手把音乐开得更响。

“别，别开那么响，我受不了。把收音机音量调低点，这样我和你妈妈就听不到了。我敢肯定，那音乐既伤你的耳朵，又伤你的大脑。”

桑迪走进浴室，打开淋浴喷头。然后她抓起香皂，浑身上下洗个遍，连头发也洗了。

淋浴后，桑迪梳了梳头发，穿上一件旧的绿色圆领衫和一条牛仔裤。接着她化好妆，走进了厨房。和往常一样，她不知道早餐该吃什么，便抓了杯牛奶，站在洗涤槽旁吃烤面包。就在此时，她妈妈简走进了厨房。

“桑迪，你怎么不坐下吃饭？ 站着吃饭对身体不好。” “我知道，妈妈，可我没时间坐着吃。” “昨天做作业了吧，宝贝？” “做了。”

“刷过牙了？”

“妈妈，我还没吃完饭呢。吃完了再刷。”

“桑迪，你怎么穿那件旧圆领衫呢？ 难看死了。” “妈妈，请别这样。” “别怎么样？” “别这样烦我。”

“桑迪，你怎么描起眼线来了？”

“我是描了，妈妈。我都描了几个月了。难道不漂亮？” “桑迪·芬奇，你还小，不能化这么浓的妆。”

“妈妈，我都15岁了，到了可以化妆的年龄了。给您说实话吧，学校的女孩子都化妆有些还文身，有的还戴耳环、鼻环、舌环呢。妈妈，我现在没时间给您说，我快迟到了，得走了。再见。” 桑迪匆匆吻了一下妈妈的脸颊，拿起书冲出了屋子。

桑迪离家上学后，简·芬奇平静地坐下来喝咖啡。没过一会儿，她丈夫走了进来。

“史蒂夫，喝点咖啡吧？”简问道。

“不，谢谢，亲爱的。我胃不舒服，心乱如麻。可能是因为那讨厌的音乐每天早上把我吵醒。我想我还不至于老得落伍吧，可没完没了地听那毫无韵律、令人讨厌的歌曲实在让我生气。”

“你知道，亲爱的，不同年龄的人喜欢不同的音乐，” 简劝说道。“还记得我们听过的一些音乐吗？”

史蒂夫笑了，“你说得有道理。也许吃点早饭能让我感觉好一点。” “你注意到了吗，今天早晨我们15岁的女儿都化了什么样的妆？我真不敢相信自己以前没有注意到。我想我们应该感到幸运，因为我们女儿的最大问题还只是化妆。我看到其他年轻人在镇上游手好闲，还文身，浑身穿了许多洞。”

“令我担心的是，”史蒂夫说，“那种音乐对桑迪可能有负面的影响。我不知道我们的女儿到底怎么回事。她在变，我很担心她。化妆品，糟糕的音乐，谁知道以后还会有什么花样？

我们得和她谈谈。新闻里报道的尽是惹上麻烦的青少年，可他们的父母却不知道自己的孩子有什么问题。”

“哦，我倒不认为她的音乐如此糟糕。但不管怎么说，你还是说得对，我们需要和桑

迪谈谈，” 简说道。

去上班的路上，简·芬奇一面开着车，一面想着她的桑迪。她知道自己想说什么，得对桑迪说什么。她和桑迪之间还可以进行交流，这令她很高兴。她知道自己得有耐心，得保持自己和桑迪之间沟通的渠道畅通。她想在桑迪的身边，做她的保护人，同时又给她寻找自我的自由。Exercises IX．

1．我认为那些在镇上游手好闲、在身上又文身又穿洞的青少年是在表达他们的个性。

2．因特网提供了一种更快捷的方式，让我们与全球的新老客户取得联系，并保持沟通渠道畅通无阻。

3．父母与自己十多岁的孩子的沟通问题不仅仅在于“代沟”，而且还在于双方都不完全理解对方的思想。

4．当父母与子女间有了这类沟通障碍时，青少年面临的问题可能更大。

5．青少年常常要经历这么一个阶段，在这个阶段，他们觉得父母会让他们没面子，害怕他们达不到自己朋友的标准。

6．比如，青少年希望在外呆到很睌，但是当第二天早上要起床上学时，那又是另一回事了。

Structured Writing XII.The first thing you should do to make tea is to boil water.While waiting for it to boil, you can get your teapot out and put the right amount of tea leaves into it.When the water has come to boil, pour it into the teapot.Then wait for a few minutes to 1et the leaves steep.Next? Enjoy the tea.Section B Reading Skills: Distinguishing Between Facts and Opinions Text: Is There a Generation Gap? Language Point Language Point 1 | As a result, many parents fear that peer opinions will become more highly valued and that they in turn will lose influence.(Para.1)| Meaning: Because of this, many parents worry that their children will pay more attention to peers' opinions than to theirs.Language Point 2 | Several questions were asked to tap into basic beliefs and values...(Para.2)| Meaning: Several questions were asked to learn about people's basic beliefs and values...Language Point 3 | Across the generations, there was great consistency in the responses.(Para.2)| Meaning: All four generations have nearly the same answers.Language Point 4 | These studies show that while young people tend to value their peers' evaluations over parents on things like music, clothing and what's “cool”...(Para.3)| Meaning: These studies show that while young people are more likely to prefer their peers' opinions to their parents about such things as music, clothing, and what's “cool”...Language Point 5 |...they continue to look to parents for basic values and guidance in the more important areas of life, such as career and lifetime goals.(Para.3)| Meaning:...they continue to

depend on their parents for basic values, help, and advice in the more important areas of life, such as profession and lifetime goals.Language Point 6 | Perhaps, though, the problem does not lie in a difference of opinions or values, but in the way we relate to and communicate with each other.(Para.4)| Meaning: Perhaps, though, the problem is not that there is a difference of opinions or values between the old and the young, but that they have different ways of understanding and communicating with each other.Language Point 7 | Here are some tips from an article entitled “Bridging the Generation Gap” that might help.(Para.4)| Meaning: Here are some pieces of useful advice taken from an article with the title “Bridging the Generation Gap”.Language Point 8 | An attitude of respect and trust can be contagious.(Para.5)| Meaning: An attitude of respect and trust can bring about the same feelings in other people.In other words, if you respect and trust others, others will respect and trust you.Language Point 9 | Questioning can sound like interrogation.(Para.6)| Meaning: To children the questions parents ask may seem to be questions police ask criminals.Language Point 10 | Instead, adopt an attitude of curiosity rather than control.(Para.6)| Meaning: Instead, you should show your desire to know about your child, not to control him or her.Language Point 11 | If your object is only to listen, you should be careful not to be preparing your response while your teen is still talking.(Para.6)| Meaning: If you just want to listen to your child, you should pay attention to what he or she says rather than think about how to give a reply.Language Point 12 | Ask whether your child wants to hear it before sharing your point of view.(Para.7)| Meaning: Ask whether your child wants to hear your opinion before telling him or her about your ideas on that particular subject.Language Point 13 | If you state your case with a “This is what makes sense to me” attitude as opposed to “This is the right way to see things”, he or she can listen more openly instead of planning rebellion.(Para.7)| Meaning: If you tell your story with a friendly attitude instead of a commanding one, he or she will listen more willingly to you rather than rebel against you.
Notice that “This is what makes sense to me” is taken as a modifier that describes attitude.Language Point 14 | Any way you can get across the message “We're in this together” can help bridge gaps that conflicts might otherwise create.(Para.8)| Meaning: Any method by which you make your teen understand “We shall work on this together” can help bridge gaps that might be caused by other differences between you and your teen.
Note that “you get across the message” is a clause that modifies “any way” while “that conflicts can otherwise create” is a clause that modifies gaps.“We're in this together” is in apposition(同位)to “the message”.The word “in” here means involved in.32

Language Point 15 | Instead of “You're ruining your life!”, say “I'm concerned about what might happen if...” “What do you think you might do in a situation like that?”(Para.9)| Meaning: Do not say “You're ruining your life!” Just say “I worry about what might happen if...” or “What do you think you might do in a situation like that?”

Language Point 16 | Whether it's about checking in by the phone, putting things away, or drinking out of the milk carton, “Do as I say and not as I do” will not improve the relationship.(Para.10)| Meaning: Whether it is about reporting ones arrival at a place by the phone, about putting things where they are usually kept, or about drinking out of the milk carton, parents will not make the relationship better if they themselves do not follow the rules that they give to their children.
The implied meaning of this sentence is that whatever the rule is about, parents should follow it before asking their teens to obey it.Language Point 17 | Showing self-acceptance and tolerance for imperfection is very encouraging to teenagers(as well as other people around you)and tends to make you easier to approach with questions, regrets, and challenges.(Para.11)| Meaning: Accepting yourself and admitting that you are not perfect is very encouraging to teenagers(and to other people around you)and is likely to make you an easier person for other people to ask questions, express regrets, and present challenges.Language Point 18 |...like losing your cool or saying something hurtful during an argument.(Para.11)| Meaning:...like losing your self-control or saying something hurtful during a discussion.Language Point 19 | The humor, energy and sense of possibility teenagers often have can awaken parents to positive sides of themselves they had forgotten or neglected.(Para.12)| Meaning: Teenagers are full of humor and energy, and they think that everything is possible.This can make parents aware of their own strong points which they had forgotten or given little attention to.
Note that “teenagers often have” is a clause modifying “the humor, energy and sense of possibility”.New Word

<1>concept

n.[C] a thought, idea, or principle |概念；观念

The concept that “big is beautiful” is no longer as popular as it was.|“大就是美”这种观念不再那么流行了。

This section has introduced some of the basic concepts used by many sociologists.|本节介绍了许多社会学家使用的某些基本概念。

<2>consistency n.[U] the quality of always being the same |一致性；连贯性

Your work lacks consistency.Sometimes it's excellent but at other times it's full of mistakes.|你的工作缺乏稳定性，有时做得很好，有时则错误百出。

Consistency of performance depends on several factors.|表演的稳定依赖于几种因素。

<3>response

n.1.[C] a reply |回答

I've sent out 20 letters of inquiry but I haven't had any responses yet.|我发出了20封询问信，但还没有收到回复。

Her response was to leave the room and slam the door.|她的反应是离开房间把门砰地关上。

2.[C, U] an action done as a reaction to sth.|反应，回应 She opened the door in response to the knock.|听到敲门后她便开了门。

The report has aroused a strong response from the readers.|这篇报道引起了读者的强烈反应。

<4>refute

vt.prove that sb.or sth.is not correct |反驳，驳斥

I knew he was lying but I had no evidence with which to refute his story.|我知道他在撒谎，但我没有证据反驳他。

<5>tend vi.be likely to do sth.|倾向于，趋于

People tend to need less sleep as they grow older.|随着年龄增长，人们对睡眠的需求往往在减少。

It tends to rain here a lot in the spring.|这里春天往往雨水很多。vt.|take care of;look after |照料，照顾

She tended her husband during his long illness.|丈夫长期卧病，她一直照料他。

ane was outside tending the garden when the fire broke out.|发生火灾时，简在外面护理花园。

<6>evaluate vt.judge the value, quality, or degree of sth.|评价；评估

|The school has only been open for six months, so it's hard to evaluate its success.|该学校仅开办了六个月，现在很难估计其成绩。

It can be difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of different treatments.|很难评估不同治疗方法的效果。

<7> evaluation n.[C, U] a judgment about the value, quality, or degree of sth.|评估；评价 We need to carry out a proper evaluation of the new system.|我们需要对这个新的系统做适当评估。

They took some samples of products for evaluation.|他们取了一些样品进行评估。

<8>guidance n.[U] help and advice |指导，引导

They offer practical guidance to people starting their own businesses.|他们给开始自己创业的人提供切实可行的指导。

Your teacher can give you guidance on choosing a career and writing a job application.|你的老师可以指导你如何选择职业和写就业申请。

<9>career n.[C] a job or profession one is trained for and intends to follow for part or the whole of one's life |职业；一生的事业

His career in politics is rather successful.|他的政治生涯很成功。

Overall, I am very pleased about this new turn in my career.|总的说来，我对自己事业中的转机很满意。

<10>trend n.[C] a change toward sth.new or different |趋势；倾向

Lately there has been a trend towards hiring younger employees.|近来的一种趋势是雇用年轻的员工。

A lot of the students don't think for themselves;they just follow the latest trends.|很多学生不用脑思考，他们只会跟随最新潮流。

<11>apply vt.use sth.such as a method, idea, etc.|使用，应用

New technology is being applied to almost every industrial field.|新技术被应用到几乎每个工业领域。

These ideas are often difficult to apply in practice.|这些思想在实践中往往难以应用。

vi.|request sth., esp.in writing |申请

She said she would apply to the department for a computer.|她说她会向系里申请要部电脑。How many jobs had you applied for before you were offered this one? |在得到这份工作之前，你申请了多少工作？

<12>individual a.single or particular |单个的；个别的

The education department decides on general teaching policies, but the exact details are left to the individual schools.|教育部门决定总的教育方针，但确切的细节留待各个学校自己处理。He has his own individual method of organizing his work.|他以自己独特的方式组织自己的工作。

n.[C] one single person or thing |个人；个体

Are the needs of society more important than the rights of the individual? |社会的需求比个人的权利更重要吗？

Effects of the drug vary from individual to individual.|这药的效果因人而异。

<13>teen n.[C](infml.)a teenager |少年，十几岁的孩子

Many teens continue to look to their parents for guidance in their studies.|许多十多岁的孩子学习时依然依赖父母给予帮助。

Seeing the police, the teens ran away.|一看到警察，这些少年就跑开了。

<14>relate vi.(to)be able to understand a situation or the way sb.feels or thinks |理解；适应；和睦相处

The magazine deals with scientific subjects that ordinary people can relate to.|该杂志讨论的科学话题一般人都能看懂。

Laurie finds it difficult to relate to children.|劳利感到很难与孩子沟通。

V.show or make a connection between two different things |把...联系起来

I don't understand how the two ideas relate.|我不明白这两个观点之间有什么联系。

The report relates heart disease to high levels of stress.|这篇报告认为心脏病与精神压力过大有关。

<15>entitle vt.1.give a title to a book, play, etc.|给（书、剧本等）题名；定名

Have you read the novel entitled Crime and Punishment? |你读过《罪与罚》这部小说吗？

The last song is entitled “Into the Woods”.|最后一首歌叫《走进森林》。

2.give sb.the right to have or do sth.|使有权做；给予...的资格

Only members of the company are entitled to use the facilities.|只有公司职员有权享用这些设施。

Being a member entitles you to discounts on tickets.|成为会员可以使你享受折扣票。

<16>attitude n.[C] a way of feeling or thinking about sb.or sth.|态度；心态 She shows a very positive attitude to her work.|她的工作态度很积极。

Officials took the attitude that the problem was not their responsibility.|官员的态度是，这问题不是他们的责任。

<17>contagious a.1.(of an action, thought, etc.)that is likely to cause a similar response in others |有感染力的

Her contagious smile impressed me most.| 她的微笑富有感染力，给我留下深刻印象。

Trust is contagious.You trust other people and they will trust you.|信任是有感染力的。你信任他人，他人就信任你。

2.(of a disease)that can be passed from one person to another |传染的

Measles is highly contagious.|麻疹的传染性很强。

Most eye infections are contagious.|多数眼睛感染是会传染的。

<18>confidence n.1.[U] the belief that one can do sth.well |信心，把握

The company is looking forward with confidence to the next five years.|那家公司对未来五年充满信心。

I developed much more confidence in my ability and I've pushed my grades up.|我对自己的能力信心更足，而且我的成绩也提高了。

2.[U] the belief that sb.or sth.is good and one can trust them |信任，信赖

We have complete confidence in your ability to do the job.|我们完全相信你有能力做这项工作。

What is most important is to maintain the customers' confidence in our product.|最重要的是要保持消费者对我们产品的信赖。

<19>self-confidence n.[U] confidence in oneself |自信

Passing the test helped her gain self-confidence.|她通过了考试，这帮助她获得了自信。

He's new on the job, but he has plenty of self-confidence.|他干这项工作是个新手，但是他非常自信。

<20>sound vi.(linking verb)seem |听起来；好像

This proposal sounds good to me, and I'm interested in seeing how it actually works.|这个建议听起来很好，而且我很想看如何实施它。

It sounds to me as if he needs professional help.|我觉得他好像需要职业帮助。

<21>interrogation n.[C, U] the process of asking sb.questions for information, sometimes using threats |审问，盘问

He said he had the right to silence during the police interrogations.|他说警察审问时他有权保持沉默。

The interrogation of terrorist suspects gave the police a lot of information.|通过审问恐怖分子嫌

疑犯警察获得了很多信息。

<22>adopt vt.1.decide to use sth.|采用；采取

She decided not to adopt her husband's name when she got married.|她决定婚后不从夫姓。These standards have been adopted by many cities;others have established their own standards.|很多城市采用了这些标准；其他城市建立了自己的标准。

2.take sb.else's child into one's family and legally become its parent |收养，领养

The couple adopted a baby boy.|那对夫妇领养了一个男婴。She was adopted when she was four.|他四岁时被人领养了。

<23>curiosity n.[U] the desire to know or learn |好奇心；求知欲 She asked the question out of curiosity.|她问这个问题是出于好奇心。

The news aroused a lot of curiosity among local people.|这条新闻引起了当地人的极大好奇心。

<24>view n.1.[C] an opinion or idea about sth.|观点，意见 In my view, she has done nothing wrong.|依我看，她没有做错。

I don't agree with the view that longer prison sentences stop people from committing crime.|我不同意判重刑会阻止人们犯罪这一观点。

2.[U] ability to see sth.;sight |视力；视线

The car turned the corner and was no longer in our view.| 那辆车拐过街角就从我们的视线中消失了。

Frank hit him in full view of all the guests.|弗兰克当着所有客人的面打了他。

<25>oppose vt.disagree with sth.such as a plan or idea and try to change or stop it |反对 Some people oppose the use of death penalty.|有的人反对使用死刑。

The local people opposed the building of an airport nearby.|当地居民反对在附近修建机场。

<26>rebellion n.[C, U] opposition to sb.in authority;refusal to obey |反抗；反对；对（权威等的）蔑视

As a result of the workers' rebellion, their working conditions have been improved.|工人们反抗的结果是，他们的工作条件得到了改善。

Teenage rebellion is something that many parents are concerned about.|青少年叛逆是很多父母关心的事情。

<27>chore n.[C] a regular piece of work or job, esp.in a house |家庭杂务；日常零星工作 Everyday chores like shopping and housework take much of her time.|购物、家务等日常杂务占去了她很多时间。

Husbands should do their share of the household chores.|丈夫也应该承担部分家务活。

<28>conflict

n.[C, U] a state of disagreement or argument between people or groups |冲突；争论

There is a conflict between what they are doing and what we need.|他们所做的事与我们的需要有冲突。

I came into conflict with one of my key managers.|我与我的一个重要经理发生了冲突。

vi.(of ideas, beliefs, etc.)cannot exist together or both be true |冲突；抵触

His statement and yours conflict.|他的话和你的话相互矛盾。

The company's desire to make large profits often conflicts with consumers' interests.|公司想赚大钱，这往往与顾客的利益冲突。

<29>credibility n.[U] the quality of deserving belief and trust |可信性；可靠性

The accident has damaged the credibility of the nuclear power industry.|这一事故损坏了核能工业的可信度。

There are questions about the credibility of these reports.|对于这些报道的可靠性，有人提出了质疑。

<30>ruin vt.|destroy or spoil completely |毁坏，毁掉 The war ruined the ancient city.|战争毁掉了那座古城。

A long strike would ruin the company.|长期罢工会毁掉这家公司。

<31>carton n.[C] a box made from stiff paper or plastic |硬纸盒；塑料盒 a carton of orange juice |一盒橙汁

I took a ballpoint pen and punched a hole in the carton.|我拿了一支圆珠笔，在盒子上戳了个洞。

<32>admit vt.accept or agree that sth.is true or sb.is right |接受；承认 He admitted his guilt.|他承认有罪。

You may not like her, but you have to admit that she's good at her job.|你可能不喜欢她，但你得承认她工作很出色。

<33>acceptance n.[U] the act of accepting or being accepted |接受；认可

The new theory is gaining acceptance among the experts.|这一新理论正被专家所接受。His calm acceptance of whatever comes his way surprised us.|无论发生什么，他都能冷静接受，这使我们很吃惊。

<34>Self-acceptance n.[U] the act of accepting oneself |自我接受

Self-acceptance may be even more difficult than getting other people to accept you.|自我接受也许比让别人接受你更难。

Self-acceptance is important to most youngsters.|自我接受对多数青少年来说很重要。

<35>tolerance n.[U] the ability to accept or allow sth.that one does not like or agree with |包容；宽容

We should have tolerance for those with different views.|我们应该包容不同意见的人。

My biggest weakness was my lack of tolerance for any error.|我最大的缺点是我不能容忍任何错误。

<36>perfection n.[U] the state of being perfect or without fault |完美 He aims at perfection in everything he does.|他做事样样追求完美。

The perfection of a person's looks is only skin deep.True beauty comes from the inside.|外貌的完美是肤浅之美。真正的美来自内心。

<37>imperfection n.[C, U] the state or quality of not being perfect |不完美

He admits that there are imperfections in the social system.|他承认社会制度有不完美的地方。The design of the test has some imperfections.|这一考试的设计有不完美的地方。

<38>approach v.move closer |接近，靠近

She heard footsteps approaching from behind.|她听到身后有脚步声向她靠近。As I approached the house, I noticed a light on upstairs.|在我靠近房子时，我注意到楼上有盏灯亮着。

vt.begin to consider or deal with |处理

What is the best way to approach this problem? |着手处理这个难题的最好办法是什么？

It might be possible to approach the issue in a different way.|或许可以用另一种方式来处理这个问题。

n.1.[C] a method of doing sth.or dealing with a problem |方法；途径

Parents don't always know what approach to take with teenage children.|父母往往不知道怎样对待十多岁的孩子。

The company needs to adopt a different approach to this matter.|处理这个问题，公司需要一种不同的方法。

2.[U] the act of moving closer |接近，靠近

With the approach of winter, animals begin collecting food.|冬天来临，动物开始储藏食物。At their approach the boy ran away.|他们走近时，小男孩跑开了。

<39>hurtful a.painful to the feelings |伤感情的；刻薄的 His words were hurtful.|他的话很伤感情。

Don't say such hurtful things to your friend.|别对你的朋友说这样伤感情的话。

<40>argument n.1.[C] a disagreement, esp.one that is noisy |争论，争吵

She had an argument with her father about music.|她和她父亲为了音乐问题而争吵。She told the police that she and her husband had an argument before he left.|她告诉警察，在丈夫离开前，她和他吵了架。

2.[C] a reason given to support or oppose sth.|论据；论点

His argument was that if they bought a smaller car, they would save money.|他的理由是，如果买辆小的车，他们就可以省点钱。

Do you agree with the argument that violence on TV makes people behave violently? |电视里的暴力使人们行为充满暴力，你同意这种观点吗？

<41>humor n.[U](BrE humour)the quality of causing fun |幽默；诙谐

|It's an awful situation but at least you can see the humor in it.|处境虽然尴尬，但你至少可看到其中的幽默。

Do the best you can, hope for the best, and try to keep a sense of humor.|尽力干，往好的方面想，力求保持幽默感。

<42>possibility n.[C, U] sth.that might happen or be true |可能（发生）的事；可能性 There is a strong possibility that they will win the election.|他们很有可能在选举中获胜。

What's the possibility of the weather getting better before the weekend? |周末之前天气好转的可能性有多大？

<43>awaken v.wake up or make sb.wake up |醒来；唤醒

He awakened to see it was already 10 in the morning.|他醒来时，发现已是上午10点。We were awakened by a loud knock at the door.|敲门声音很大，把我们吵醒了。

<44>neglect vt.give little or no attention to |忽视，忽略

The garden has been neglected for a long time.|花园已很久没有人照管了。

Four security guards were accused of neglecting their duties.|四位保安人员被指控失职。

n.[U] failure to look after sth.or sb.properly |忽略，疏忽

The accident was caused by neglect of duty.|事故是由于玩忽职守引起的。

After years of neglect, the road was in poor condition.|由于几年无人维护，这条路的路况很糟糕。

Phrases and Expressions <45>as a result |because of sth.that has happened |结果是

There was a heavy snow and, as a result, she was late.|她由于下大雪而迟到了。

A terrible earthquake took place last week.As a result, 2,500 people were killed.|上周发生了可怕的地震，结果死了2,500人。

<46>in turn |1.as a result of sth.|因此，转而

One of the members told the story to his friend who, in turn, leaked it to a reporter.|一名成员将情况告诉了他的朋友，这个朋友转而将消息告诉了记者。

Stressful environment leads to unhealthy behavior, which in turn increase the risk of heart disease.2.one after the other, esp.in a particular order |依次；轮流

There were cheers for each of the women as they spoke in turn.|女士们依次发言，听众对每个人报以欢呼。

We drove in turn so that each of us could rest a bit.|我们轮流开车，以便大家都能休息一会。

<47>tap into |understand sth.such as people's ideas, beliefs or attitudes |了解

The survey is aimed to tap into people's attitudes toward the new policy.|这项调查旨在了解人们对新政策的态度。

The program helps people tap into more job opportunities.|这个项目帮助人们了解更多的就业机会。

<48>get ahead |make progress or be successful |取得进步；成功

The best way to get ahead is through hard work.|成功的最佳途径是努力工作。

She soon found that it wasn't easy to get ahead in the movie business.|她很快发现很难在电影业发展。

<49>look to |depend on sb.to do sth.|依赖；指望

He always looked to his father for advice.|他经常依靠父亲给他提供意见。

They're looking to the new manager to make the company profitable.|他们正指望新经理能使公司赢利。

<50>feel like |feel as if |感觉好像；似乎

They felt like they were giving away company secrets.|他们觉得好像在泄露公司秘密。I stayed there two days, but it felt like a week.|我在那里呆了两天，但觉得好像呆了一周。

<51>the way |(used to introduce a clause)in the way that |以...方式，以...方法

He does not bother about small matters the way his elder brother does.|他不像他哥哥常为琐事而操心。

He tried to decorate his house the way we did.|他尽力像我们一样装修房子。

<52>sound like |seem |听起来；似乎

Becoming a doctor sounds like a good idea.|当医生似乎是个好主意。

Malta sounds like a great place for a holiday.|马耳他似乎是个度假的好地方。

<53>rather than |instead of |而不是

It was what he meant rather than what he said that annoyed me.|让我生气的是他话中的意思，而不是他所说的话。

Nuclear science should be developed to benefit the people rather than harm them.|发展核科学应该是为了造福人类而不是伤害人类。

<54>point of view |a particular way of seeing or judging a situation, person, event, etc.|观点，意见

He always put his point of view with courage.|他总是大胆地说出自己的观点。

From an economic point of view, the new development will benefit the town greatly.|从经济角度看，新的发展大大有利于这个城镇。

<55>as opposed to |used to compare two things and show they are different from each other |与...对照；而不是

This is a book about business practice as opposed to theory.|这本书讲的商业实务而不是理论。Students have discussions as opposed to just listening to the teacher.|学生们展开讨论，而不是单纯地听老师讲。

<56>get across |(cause to)become understood or accepted |（被）理解；（被）接受

It is hard to get some Chinese jokes across to foreigners because of cultural gap.|由于文化差异，一些中国笑话很难被外国人理解。

We must get across the simple fact that drugs are dangerous.|我们必须让人知道这个简单的事实：毒品是很危险的。

<57>be concerned about

|give one's attention to or worry about sb.or sth.|担心

If you are concerned about your baby's health you should consult a doctor immediately.|如果你

担心婴儿的健康，就立刻带他去看医生。

She is concerned about her son's performance at school.|她很担心儿子在学校的成绩。

<58>check in |1.(AmE)call a person to say where one is and what one is doing |打电话报平安

He called to check in and tell us how he was doing.|他打电话报平安，告诉我们他的情况。She checks in with her mother at least once a week.|她一个星期至少打一次电话给妈妈报平安。

2.report one's arrival, as at a hotel desk, airport, etc.|登记入住；办登机手续

We've checked in at a local hotel.|我们已在当地一家旅馆办理了入住手续。

Passengers should check in two hours before the time their plane leaves.|旅客要在起飞前两小时办理登机手续。

<59>put sth.Away |put sth.where one usually keeps it |把某物收好或放好 Put the books away on the bookshelf.|把书放回到书架上。He put his toys away every night.|他每晚都把玩具收拾好。

<60>lose one's cool

|lose one's calmness and self-control |失去冷静

His teacher lost his cool when the boy was late again.|男孩又迟到了，他的老师很生气。

I should not have lost my cool and behaved in that manner.|我真不该生气，做出那样的行为。

<61>awaken sb.to sth.|make sb.aware of sth.|使某人意识到某事

We must awaken people to the need to protect our environment.|我们必须使人们认识到保护环境的必要性。

The program awakens us to the danger of pollution.|这个节目让我们认识到污染的危害。

有代沟吗？

“代沟”这一术语出现于20世纪60年代。代沟的概念之一是指父母和孩子有不同的价值观和信仰。因此，很多父母害怕孩子赞成伙伴的观点，父母转而失去影响力。虽然这个术语还是常常被使用，有人却开始问这个问题：“今天的社会还有代沟吗？”

有一项研究比较了四代人：18-30岁的人，31-48岁的人，49-62岁的人，63岁和63岁以上的人，问了几个问题以了解人们对一些问题的基本信仰和价值观，如“努力工作是成功之道”，“美国是世界上最佳的生活地”。四代人给出的答案非常接近。

许多对年轻人的研究驳斥了代沟这一观念的存在。这些研究显示，较之父母对音乐、服装和何为“酷”的评价，年轻人更趋于赞同伙伴的见解，与此同时，在生活中更重要的方面，如职业生涯、终身目标等，他们还是继续依赖父母的基本价值观和指导。

当然，总趋势是不能时时用于个例的。觉得在我们和我们的十多岁孩子之间好像存在令人不快的“代沟”，需要弥合它，这是自然的。然而，问题也许不在于见解和价值观的不同，而在于我们相互理解和沟通的方式。下面的建议摘自于一篇题为“弥合代沟”的文章，也许对弥合代沟有所帮助。

尊重他人。尊重与信任是能感染人的。年轻人往往以父母看待他们的方式看待自己。反过来，当你表示你尊重他们有能力决策和从错误中学习时，他们会因此而获得自信和自尊。

多听少说。询问听起来可能像审问，不要这样。应该抱有好奇的态度而不是控制之心。问些这样的问题：“怎么会这样？你现在怎么看？当时吃惊吗？现在打算怎么做？你有什么计划？这事你是不是需要帮助？”如果你的目的只是听，在孩子说话时，你就需小心别在心里琢磨怎么回答。这样你会听得更好，而孩子也会受到鼓励说得更多。

先问孩子是否想听，然后才说你的观点。只有当孩子说“是”时才继续说下去，而且要简洁。不要说教，不要期待孩子同意你的观点。说话时，如果你的态度是“我是这样理解的”，而不是“这样看问题才对”，孩子就可能更愿意听，而不会有逆反心理。

用“我们”而不用“你”。“离开家之前我们要做家务，我们怎么料理必须做的事呢？” 不论你用什么方式，只要能将“这是我们共同的事”这一信息传达给孩子，就有助于弥合本可能由冲突带来的鸿沟。

保持冷静。交谈时生气或者太激动，你就可能轻易地毁了自己的可信度。不要说“你毁了你的一生！”而要说“我担心如果......会怎么样。在这种情况下，你想你可能怎么办？”

不要使用双重标准。青少年非常警惕双重标准。别指望他们遵守你自己都不遵守的规则。无论是打电话报平安，还是叫他们收拾东西，或用奶盒喝牛奶，“照我说的做”而不是“照我做的做”是不会改善关系的。

承认自己的错误，说说你从他们身上学到了什么。表现出自我接受和对不完美的容忍能很好地鼓励青少年（以及你身边的其他人），也往往能让他们更容易接近你，向你提出问题、表达遗憾甚至对你提出挑战。当你认为自己做错了事或说错了话，比如发了脾气或争论时说了令人伤心的话，就道歉。

有欣赏之心。青少年常有幽默感，充满活力，看什么事都觉得可能，这些能使父母意识到自己身上已被忘记或忽略的好的方面。当十多岁的孩子体验到被人爱时，他们通常表现得更可爱。Exercises

Section C Comprehensive Exercises

Unit 3 Preview When we are faced with a problem that we are unable to solve, a simple act of kindness from a stranger may provide a solution, lift our spirits, and even change our lives.Further, their actions may give us an example to follow in our own lives.Even when facing personal problems of our own, we need to choose to make other people‟s lives better with our courage, imagination, and generosity.We should live our daily lives with the goal of helping others, and provide support without thinking of our own gains.If we live our lives in this way, we will find the satisfaction and purpose that we seek.Section A Pre-reading Activity In this story, a man describes that he felt ashamed when walking down the street with his crippled father when he was younger.He did not like the way people stared at the two of them.His father, on the other hand, never showed that he noticed others‟ reactions to his disability.He was very active and often took part in activities with his son.Over time, the son learned that his father had a very good heart.His father has been gone for many years now and he regrets not telling him how much he admired him.He often remembers the example his father set 1.Because his father was crippled.2.2.He felt ashamed to be with his father when he was younger.Now he regrets not telling his father how much he admired him.Text: A Good Heart to Lean On

Language Point

Language Point 1 | More than I realized, Dad has helped me keep my balance.| Meaning: Dad supported me emotionally and mentally more than I knew.Language Point 2 | He was severely crippled and very short...(Para.1)| Cultural Notes: Whereas at one time it might have been acceptable to call a person a “cripple” if injuries or deformities kept him from walking properly, it is no longer so.Nowadays we use the terms “handicapped person” or “disabled person”/individual instead of “cripple”.Some especially sensitive people prefer the terms “handi-capable person” and “specially-abled person”.Language Point 3 | I would inwardly struggle at the unwanted attention.(Para.1)| Meaning: I tried to overcome my feelings of embarrassment caused by the people who watched us;I did not want them to watch us.Language Point 4 | If he ever noticed or was bothered, he never let on.(Para.1)| Meaning: He never showed that he was aware of it or troubled.Note that the conjunction “if” is used here to mean “although”.| More examples:| If she's poor, at least she's honest.
她虽然穷，至少她是诚实的。
It was a nice meal, if a little expensive.
那是一顿美餐，虽然贵了点。

Language Point 5 | It was difficult to coordinate our steps—his halting, mine impatient...(Para.2)| Meaning: We had difficulty walking together at the same speed because he was slow and unsteady and I walked quickly, having no patience to wait for him...Language Point 6 | But as we started out, he always said, “You set the pace.I will try to adjust to you.”(Para.2)| Meaning: But when we began our walk, he always said, “You set the speed of our walk and I will try to change my speed to keep up.”

Language Point 7 | He went to work sick...(Para.3)| Meaning: He went to work even when he was ill...| Here the adjective “sick” indicates a clause “even when he was sick”.| More examples:| He went to bed hungry last night.
他昨晚是饿着肚子上床睡觉的。
The tomatoes should be picked green.
这些西红柿应该青的时候摘。

Language Point 8 |...despite nasty weather.(Para.3)| Meaning:...although the weather was very bad.Language Point 9 |...and would make it to the office even if others could not.(Para.3)| Meaning:...and he would arrive on time at the office even if others could not.Language Point 10 | It was a matter of pride.(Para.3)| Meaning: It(getting to the office on time)was something that my father was proud of.Language Point 11 | Once there, he would cling to the handrail...(Para.4)| Meaning: As soon as he got there, he would hold on to the handrail for support...| “Once” as a conjunction introduces an adverbial clause in which the subject and the verb “be” can often be omitted.| More examples:| Once(they are)in bed, the children usually go to sleep very quickly.
一上床，这些孩子通常很快就睡着了。
Once(it is)damaged, it takes many years for the environment to recover.
环境一旦遭到破坏，需要许多年才能恢复（正常）。

Language Point 12 |...the lower steps that the warmer tunnel air kept free of ice.(Para.4)| Meaning:...the lower steps that had no ice on them because of the warm air from the tunnel.Language Point 13 | When I think of it now, I am amazed at how much courage it must have taken...(Para.5)| Meaning: When I think of it now, I am surprised at how brave he must have been...Language Point 14 |...subject himself to such shame and stress.(Para.5)| Meaning:...make him experience such shame and stress.Language Point 15 | And at how he did it—without bitterness or complaint.(Para.5)| Meaning:(I am amazed)at how he subjected himself to shame and stress without pain or complaining.45

Language Point 16 | He never talked about himself as an object of pity, nor did he show any envy of the more fortunate or able.(Para.6)| Meaning: He never said that other people should feel sorry for him.And he didn't show any jealousy of those who were luckier or could do things he could not.| “Nor” is used after a negative statement in order to add something else that the negative statement applies to.Note the use of the past auxiliary “did” and the reversed order.| More examples:| I have never been dishonest, nor do I plan to start being so now.
我从来没撒过谎，现在我也不打算开始破这个例。
I have never been to Paris, nor has my wife.
我从未去过巴黎，我妻子也没去过。

Language Point 17 | What he looked for in others was a good heart...(Para.6)| Meaning: He tried to find qualities of, kindness, honest, etc.in other people...| Note that “good heart” is used to refer to the kind, honest, and generous nature of a person.|

Language Point 18 |...I believe that is a proper standard by which to judge people...(Para.7)| Meaning:...I believe that it is suitable to judge whether a person is good or bad by whether he or she has a good heart or not...Language Point 19 | But I know at times I don't have one myself.(Para.7)| Meaning: But I know sometimes I don't have a “good heart”.Language Point 20 | Unable to engage in many activities...(Para.8)| Meaning: Although he was unable to take part in many activities...| Here “unable to...” is used to show concession.In English, adjectives or adjectival phrases are often used, especially at the beginning of a sentence, to show reason, concession, etc.| More examples:| Glad to accept, the boy nodded his agreement.
那男孩乐意接受，点头表示同意。
Anxious for a quick decision, the chairman called for a vote.
主席急于作出决定，要求投票表决。
Rather nervous, the man opened the letter.
那个人很紧张，拆开了信。

Language Point 21 |...my father still tried to participate in some way.(Para.8)| Meaning:...my father still tried to take part in some activities in one way or another.Language Point 22 | When a local baseball team found itself without a manager, he kept it going.(Para.8)| Meaning: When a local baseball team had no manager, my father managed to make it run smoothly.| Pay attention to the structure of “find oneself + prep./V-ing/V-ed”.| More examples:| At dusk, they found themselves at a valley.
黄昏时，他们来到一个山谷。
I found myself agreeing with everything she says.
我发现她说什么我都同意。
They woke up to find themselves surrounded by water.
他们醒来时，发现被水包围了。|

Language Point 23 |...where he could have a good time just sitting and watching.(Para.8)| Meaning:...where he could enjoy himself by just sitting and watching.| In English, “have a good(hard, difficult, etc.)time” is usually followed directly by

-ing verb phrases without using any preposition.|

More examples:| I had a hard time finding you.
我费了好大劲才找到你。
She had a difficult time persuading him to accept the job.
她好不容易劝说他接受了那份工作。
In Spain she had a good time swimming and sunbathing on the beach.
在西班牙，她又游泳又在海滩上晒太阳，过得很愉快。

Language Point 24 | On one occasion a fight broke out at a beach party, with everyone punching and shoving.(Para.9)| Meaning: Once a fight suddenly started at a beach party and everyone at the party struck and pushed each other.Language Point 25 | He wasn't content to sit and watch...(Para.9)| Meaning: He wasn't satisfied just sitting and watching...Language Point 26 |...but he couldn't stand unaided on the soft sand.(Para.9)| Meaning:...but he couldn't stand on the soft sand without help.| The adjective “unaided” is used here to show the condition of being without help.|

Language Point 27 | But the next day people kidded him by saying...(Para.10)| Meaning: But the following day people made fun of him and said...Language Point 28 |...it was the first time any fighter was urged to take a dive before the fight began.(Para.10)| Meaning:...it was the first time any fighter was asked to admit defeat before the fight started.Language Point 29 | And when I came home on leave, he saw to it that I visited his office.(Para.11)| Meaning: And when I came home from the Navy for a holiday, he made sure that I visited his office.Language Point 30 |...and I could have done this, too, if things had been different.(Para.11)| Meaning:...and I could have done the same thing too, if I had not been severely crippled like this.| Pay attention to the subjunctive mood used in the sentence.|

Language Point 31 | He has been gone many years now...(Para.12)| Meaning: He has been dead for many years now...| “Be gone” is a more pleasant, less direct way of saying “be dead”.This use of language is called euphemism(委婉语).| Another example:| His father passed away(= died)last year.
他父亲是去年过世的。

Language Point 32 | I wonder if he sensed my reluctance to be seen with him during our walks.(Para.12)| Meaning: I don't know(even today)whether he realized that I was unwilling to be seen with him during our walks.Language Point 33 | If he did, I am sorry I never told him how sorry I was, how unworthy I was，47

how I regretted it.(Para.12)| Meaning: If he did realize that I was embarrassed, I regret not telling him that I was sorry, and that I didn't deserve to be his son, and that I regretted having behaved that way.Language Point 34 | I think of him when I complain about trifles...(Para.12)| Meaning: I think of him when I express feelings of unhappiness about unimportant things...|Language Point 35 |...I am envious of another's good fortune...(Para.12)| Meaning:...I wish I had another person's good luck...New Words

<1>lean vi.1.be against a wall or other surface |倚，靠

There is a ladder leaning against the wall.| 有一架梯子靠在墙上。

The old man leaning upon his stick at the gate is John's grandfather.| 那位在大门边倚着拐杖的老人是约翰的祖父。

2.bend in a certain direction |倾斜，倾向，偏向

Don't lean out of the window when the bus is moving.|公共汽车开出时，别把身子探出窗外。Just lean forward for a moment, please.|请向前靠一会儿。

<2>balance n.1.[U] mental or emotional calm |平静，镇静

She soon recovered her balance after she lost her temper.|她发脾气后不久就恢复了平静。His wife helped him keep his balance during difficult times.|他的妻子在他困难时候帮助他保持沉着心态。

2.[U] a state in which all weights and forces are evenly spread so as not to fall |平衡，均衡

Horse riders need a good sense of balance.|骑马的人需要有良好的平衡感。

It's difficult to keep one's balance on an icy street.|在结冰的街道上保持平衡是不容易的。

v.(cause to)be even and keep in balance |（使）平衡，（使）均衡

When you ride a bicycle you must learn to balance.|骑自行车必须学会保持平衡。

Balancing my cup of coffee in one hand, I managed to open the door.|我拿稳手中的咖啡杯，设法打开了门。

vt.|consider in relation to sth.else;compare |权衡，比较

You have to balance the positive points of living in a big city against the negative ones.|你必须权衡居住在大城市的利弊。

They balanced the profit and loss to see what had been gained.|他们比较盈亏情况，看看赚了多少。

<3>severe a.1.very bad or serious |恶劣的，严重的；剧烈的 She is suffering from a severe headache.|她头疼得厉害。

The dry season is becoming more and more severe.|旱灾日益严重。

2.strict or hard in thinking or treatment|严格的，严肃的，严厉的

Drug dealers face a severe punishment.|贩毒者会受到严厉的惩罚。

The president came under severe criticism for the new tax policy.|新的税收政策使总统受到严厉抨击。

<4> severely ad.in a strict way |严重地；严格地，严厉地

The house was severely damaged in the hurricane.|房屋在飓风中遭受严重损坏。My mother was suffering severely from a cold.|我母亲正患重感冒。

<5>cripple vt.make sb.unable to walk or move properly |使跛，使残废 He was crippled in an accident.|他在一次事故中变成了残废。He has been crippled with pain.|他感觉很疼，走路一瘸一拐。

n.[C] sb.who is physically disabled, esp.unable to walk |跛子，瘸子

Though he is a cripple, he supports his family by working hard.|虽然腿脚不便, 他还是努力干活养家。

She has gone from being a healthy young woman to being a cripple.|她从一个健康的年轻女子变成了残疾人。

<6>inward a.1.located within;inside, esp.in the mind or spirit |在内的，内部的（尤指头脑中、精神上）

inward doubts |内心的怀疑

He helped others to achieve inward peace.|他帮助别人以获得自己内心的平静。

2.going toward the inside |向内的

an inward curve |向内的弧线 an inward movement |向内移动

<7> inwardly ad.in mind or spirit |内心（或精神）方面

She was inwardly sad but she would not say anything about it.|她内心痛苦，却不会在言辞中表现出来。

She hates him inwardly.|她从心底恨他。

<8>bother vt.make sb.feel worried or upset |使苦恼

What bothers me most is my inability to keep up with others.|令我烦心的是我跟不上其他人。His rudeness bothers me.|我讨厌他的粗鲁。

vi.|make an effort to do sth.|尽力，费心

Few people ever bothered to talk to him.|很少有人费心和他讲话。

I never bother to iron my shirts, so they're often a bit wrinkled.|我从不愿意花精力去熨衬衣，所以它们常常有点皱。

<9>coordinate vt.cause different parts, body parts, etc.to work together very well |使协调 The plan was not very well coordinated.|那项计划协调得不好。

We must coordinate our efforts to help people who have been affected by the flood.|我们必须齐心协力去帮助遭受水灾的灾民。

<10>halt v.stop |暂停，中断，中止

The project halted for lack of fund.|那个项目因缺乏资金而停了下来。No one can halt the advance of history.|谁也阻挡不了历史的前进。

n.|[sing.] a stop or pause |暂停，中断，中止

The car came to a halt in time to prevent an accident.|汽车及时刹住，避免了一场事故。Production was brought to a halt by a strike.|由于罢工，生产停顿了。

<11>impatient a.1.easily annoyed;not patient |不耐烦的，没有耐心的

Don't be so impatient!The bus will be here soon.|别这样不耐烦！公共汽车很快就来。You're too impatient with her.She's only a child.|你对她太没耐心了，她还只是个孩子。

2.very eager to do sth.or for sth.to happen;anxious |急切的，渴望的

They were already impatient to try.|他们已经迫不及待，跃跃欲试了。

Many business students are impatient to become managers.|许多商科学生急切地想成为经理。

<12>pace n.1.[sing.] speed of walking or running |步速；走（跑）的速度

They quickened their pace as they approached their cars.|他们接近汽车时加快了步伐。She slowed down her pace so I could keep up with her.|她放慢了速度，以便我能跟上她。

2.[sing.] the speed at which sth.happens |速度，速率；节奏

The pace of change in the computer industry is very fast.|计算机工业发展变化速度很快。I like the pace of life in the city.| 我喜欢这个城市的生活节奏。

vi.walk with slow, regular, even steps |踱步，慢步走

The policeman paced up and down the street.|警察在街上踱来踱去。

Sarah paced back and forth in the hallway, waiting for the doctor to come back.|莎拉沿着走廊走来走去，等医生回来。

<13>adjust v.(to)become or make suited(to new conditions)|（使）适应

The former soldiers had difficulty in adjusting to ordinary life.|退役军人难以适应普通人的生活。

The body quickly adjusts itself to changes in temperature.|人体能很快自行调节以适应气温变化。

<14>subway n.1.[C](AmE)a railway under the ground in a city |地铁 He travels to work by subway every day.|他每天乘地铁上班。I don't ride the subway late at night.|夜间太晚时我不乘地铁。

2.[C](BrE)a path for walking under a road or railway|地下通道，人行隧道

The subway to the other side of the road was under repair.|过街地下通道正在维修。

|People are advised to walk through a subway to cross a street.|人们过马路时应走地下通道。

<15>despite prep.in spite of |尽管，不管

They had a wonderful holiday despite the bad weather.|尽管天气不好, 他们的假日仍然过得很愉快。

Despite the fact that she wants to see him, she turned down his invitation.|尽管想看到他，她还是拒绝了他的邀请。

<16>nasty a.1.unpleasant;horrible;disgusting |令人不快的，令人厌恶的 She could never forget that nasty sight.|她永远也忘不了那令人作呕的情景。I'm so glad you didn't get that nasty flu.|你没染上那讨厌的感冒，我很高兴。

2.unkind|不友善的，恶意的

第四篇：大学新视野英语3

Unit 1 1.deviate from英 [di:vieitfrɔm] 美 [divi·et frʌm]不同于…;背离，偏离…;1）.The bus had to deviate from its usual route because of a road closure.因为道路封闭，公共汽车只得绕道而行。

2）.Deviate from socialism and China will inevitably retrogress to semicolonialism.中国离开社会主义就必然退回到半封建半殖民地.2.had he not been…..if 虚拟条件句 类似：Were should 1）.Had it not been for his family, He'd have gone away long ago.要是没有家眷拖累, 他早就远走高飞了.2）Had he not saved me, I might have been drowned.我可能溺死了, 若非他救了我.3.preclude…from…英 [prɪklu:d] 美 [prɪ·klud] 1)A prior engagement will preclude them from coming.他们因为有约在先,不能来了.2)That will preclude him from escaping.那将使他无法逃走.3)We try to preclude any possibility of misunderstanding.我们努力排除任何误解的可能性.4).My present finances preclude the possibility of buying a car.按我目前的财务状况我是不可能买车的.4.premier 英 [premiə(r)] 美 [prɪmɪr] n.总理;首相;adj.第一的，首位的;首要的;最先的;最早的

1)The Prime Minister played host to French Premier Jacques Chirac.首相接待了法国总理雅克·希拉克。

2)He has acquired a reputation as this country's premier solo violinist.他已经赢得了该国首席小提琴独奏家的名誉。3)The premier was in expansive mood.总理心情开朗。

5.whereby adv.通过…;借以;与…一致;1)They have introduced a new system whereby all employees must undergo regular training.他们采用了新的制度，所有的雇员都必须定期进行培训。2）Whereby shall we know her? 我们靠什么认出她呢 ? 6.civic adj.城市的;公民的，市民的;1）I feel it is my civic duty to vote.我认为投票选举是我作为公民的义务.2）It's almost ten miles from here to the civic center.从这儿到市中心差不多有十英里.7.clear-cut 英 [klɪə(r)kʌt] adj.轮廓鲜明的;清晰的;● This was a clear-cut case of the original land owner being in the right...这个案例中明显是原土地所有人有理。● The issue is not so clear cut.这个问题不是那么清楚。8.no...too...不...太„

No mountains too high for you to Climb.没有山是你爬不过去的。

No job is too small.没有任何一种工作是微不足道的

9.write off认定„不重要(或无用)；忽视 If you write someone or something off, you decide that they are unimportant or useless and that they are not worth further serious attention.● He is fed up with people writing him off because of his age...他很讨厌大家因为他的年纪而小看他。

● His critics write him off as too cautious to succeed...批评他的人不把他当回事，认为他太过谨慎，不能成事。

10.bypass(VERB)（通常为更快地实现某事）越过，避开，绕开 If you bypass someone or something that you would normally have to get involved with, you ignore them, often because you want to achieve something more quickly.● A growing number of employers are trying to bypass the unions altogether...越来越多的雇主试图完全绕过工会行事。●...money for new roads to bypass cities.建造新的城市外环道所需的资金

11.persecution 英 [pɜ:sɪ'kju:ʃn] 美 [pəsɪkjuʃən] n.迫害或受迫害，烦扰;苛求，困扰;.For pity's sake try to stop this persecution.做做好事,设法制止这场迫害吧..In many cases religious persecution is the cause of people fleeing their country.A case in point is colonial India.很多情况下，宗教迫害是导致人们逃奔异国他乡的原因。一个典型的例子是殖民统治时期的印度。

12.spur|spɜ:(r)| n.& v n.[常用单数形式] ~(to sth)a fact or an event that makes you want to do sth better or more quickly 鞭策；激励；刺激；鼓舞 同义词motivation His speech was a powerful spur to action.他的讲话很有鼓动力。v.1)(VERB)鼓励;激励 If one thing spurs you to do another, it encourages you to do it.● It's the money that spurs these fishermen to risk a long ocean journey in their flimsy boats...是金钱驱使这些渔民驾着破旧小船冒险出海远航。2)cause sth to happen 使发生

.The discovery of diamonds and gold spurred（双r）wealth and immigration in this region ……使该地区财富激增，并引发了移民潮 13.triumph|traɪʌmf| ~(over sb/sth)a great success, achievement or victory 获胜;克服;打败;战胜;.It was a personal triumph over her old rival.这是她对老对头的个人胜利。.She was confident that she would ultimately triumph over adversity.她相信自己最终能战胜逆境.14.commend 英 [kə`mend] 美 [kə`mɛnd] 1)(VERB)赞扬;赞许 If you commend someone or something, you praise them formally.● I commended her for that action...我赞扬了她的那一举动。

● I commend Ms.Orth on writing such an informative article...我对奥思太太写出内容如此翔实的文章表示赞许。

2)(VERB)推荐;举荐 If someone commends a person or thing to you, they tell you that you will find them good or useful.● I can commend it to him as a realistic course of action.我可以把这作为一个切实可行的处理方法推荐给他。15.keep one`s eyes on the prize 执着的追求成功.Keep your eyes focused on the prize and never giveup.16.work one`s way to throughinto(通过努力)逐步达到

.He spent 16 years with one company, and worked his way into a top management position.。。通过努力最后成为了公司高层 17.unprecedented|ʌn`presɪdentɪd| that has never happened, been done or been known before 前所未有的；空前的；史无前例的

The situation is unprecedented in modern times.这种情况在现代还没有出现过。Such a move is rare, but not unprecedented.这种做法很罕见，但也不是没有先例的。

18.appoint|ə`pɔɪnt|

1)~ sb(to sth)| ~ sb(as)sth to choose sb for a job or position of responsibility 任命；委任 They have appointed a new head teacher at my son's school.我儿子读书的学校任命了一位新校长。

They appointed him(as)captain of the English team.他们任命他为英格兰队队长。

A lawyer was appointed to represent the child.一位律师被指定为这个孩子的代表律师。

2)[动词 + 名词短语][常用被动态](formal)to arrange or decide on a time or place for doing sth约定，指定（时间、地点）A date for the meeting is still to be appointed.会议日期尚待确定。

Everyone was assembled at the appointed time.全体人员均按规定时间召集到场。

19.handicap 英 [hændikæp] 美 [hændi`kæp] 1)（生理或智力上的）残障，残疾 A handicap is a physical or mental disability.● He lost his leg when he was ten, but learnt to overcome his handicap.他10岁时失去了一条腿，但他学会了克服自己的残疾。

2)(N-COUNT)不利条件;障碍 A handicap is an event or situation that places you at a disadvantage and makes it harder for you to do something.● She was away from school for 15 weeks, a handicap she could have done without...她有15周没上学，这给她带来了本不该有的障碍。● Being a foreigner was not a handicap.身为外国人并不是一个障碍。

Unit 2 1.portray ①(VERB)扮演；饰演 When an actor or actress portrays someone, he or she plays that person in a play or film.● In 1975 he portrayed the king in a Los Angeles revival of 'Camelot'.他1975年在洛杉矶重新上演的剧目《卡米洛》中扮演国王。

●...the busty and rumbustious Mrs Hall, excellently portrayed by Toni Palmer.由托妮·帕默精彩演绎的胸部丰满、吵吵嚷嚷的霍尔太太

②(VERB)描绘；描述 When a writer or artist portrays something, he or she writes a description or produces a painting of it.●...this northern novelist, who accurately portrays provincial domestic life.这位准确描述外省家庭生活的北方小说家

●...the landscape as portrayed by painters such as Claude and Poussin.克劳德和普桑等画家所描绘的风景

2.Exemplary |igˈzempləri| providing a good example for people to copy 典范的；可作榜样的；可作楷模的 Her behaviour was exemplary.她的行为堪作楷模。

a man of exemplary character 一个具有模范品德的人 3.Takehold sb captive They were taken captive by masked gunmen.他们被蒙面的持枪歹徒劫持了。

The picture gave rise to speculation that the three were still alive and being held captive.这张照片让人们猜测这3个人还活着，而且被囚禁起来了。

4.Dart |dɑ:t;美 dɑ:rt| [动词 + 副词或介词短语] to move suddenly and quickly in a particular direction 猛冲；突进；飞奔

A dog darted across the road in front of me.一条狗突然在我面前窜过马路。

Her eyes darted around the room, looking for Greg.她环视了一下房间，寻找格雷格。

~ a glance/look(at sb)to look at sb suddenly and quickly（朝某人猛然）看一眼，瞥一眼

[动词 + 名词短语, 动词 + 名词短语 + 名词短语] He darted an impatient look at Vicky.他不耐烦地朝维基瞥了一眼。He darted Vicky an impatient look.他不耐烦地瞥了维基一眼。

5.Anonymous |əˈnɒnɪməs;美əˈnɑ:n-|(of a person 人)with a name that is not known or that is not made public 不知姓名的；名字不公开的

an anonymous donor 不知姓名的捐赠者

The money was donated by a local businessman who wishes to remain anonymous.这笔款子是当地一位不愿透露姓名的企业家捐赠的。词根

Onym英 ['ɒnɪm] 美 ['ɒnɪm] =nam,表示“名字” adj.anonymous 匿名的

an无+onym名字+ous„„的→匿名的

Homonymous 英 [hɒ'mɒnɪməs] 美 [hoʊ'mɒnəməs] adj.同音异义的，双关的，同名的;

homo英 ['hɒməʊ] 美 ['hoʊmoʊ] 同+onym名字+ous„„的→homonymous同名的 Onymous署名的 anonymous letter 匿名信

6.rigorous 英 [ˈrɪgərəs] 美 [ˈrɪɡərəs] adj.严密的;缜密的;严格的;枯燥的;双语例句

1.Taxis must conform to the rigorous standards laid down by the police.出租车必须遵守警方的严格规定。

2.The selection process is based on rigorous tests of competence and experience.选拔过程是基于对能力和经验的严格测试.7.Land |lænd| 1)JOB 工作

(informal)to succeed in getting a job, etc., especially one that a lot of other people want 成功得到，赢得，捞到（尤指许多人想得到的工作）

[动词 + 名词短语] He's just landed a starring role in Spielberg's next movie.他刚得到一个机会，在斯皮尔伯格执导的下一部电影里担任主角。[动词 + 名词短语 + 名词短语] She's just landed herself a company directorship.她刚在一家公司谋到一个主管的职位。

2)[单独使用的动词] to come down through the air onto the ground or another surface 落；降落；着陆

The plane landed safely.飞机安全着陆了。A fly landed on his nose.一只苍蝇落在他的鼻子上。take off 3)ARRIVE IN PLANE/BOAT 乘飞机 / 船到达

[单独使用的动词] to arrive somewhere in a plane or a boat（乘飞机或船）着陆，登陆

We shall be landing shortly.Please fasten your seatbelts.我们很快就要着陆，请您系好安全带。The troops landed at dawn.部队已在黎明登陆。

They were the first men to land on the moon.他们是首批登上月球的人。

8.Compliment |ˈkɒmplɪmənt;美ˈkɑ:m-| ①(N-COUNT)赞美;恭维(话)A compliment is a polite remark that you say to someone to show that you like their appearance, appreciate their qualities, or approve of what they have done.to pay sb a compliment(= to praise them for sth)对某人表示赞扬

● You can do no harm by paying a woman compliments...对女人说些恭维话没有坏处。

②(VERB)赞美;恭维 If you compliment someone, you pay them a compliment.● They complimented me on the way I looked each time they saw me...每次见到我，他们都称赞我的外貌.9.as they are 通常用在词尾，表示“照现在的样子;照现在的情形”，单数则用 as it is.The wise person accepts things as they are.智者对一切事物随遇而安，泰然处之。I learned long ago to face life as it is, not as I wish it to be.直面现实生活 10.calling 英 [ˈkɔ:lɪŋ] 美 [ˈkɔlɪŋ]

n.（从事某职业或活动的，尤指帮助他人的）强烈冲动；使命感；天职;Some think teaching is a profession;but for me,it is a calling.一个使命 11.embark 英 [ɪmˈbɑ:k] 美 [ɪmˈbɑrk] vi.上飞机，上船;着手，从事;vt.使„上船或飞机;使从事，使着手;投资于;embark on/upon sth ①(VERB)着手；开始做 If you embark on something new, difficult, or exciting, you start doing it.● He's embarking on a new career as a writer...他即将开始新的职业生涯——当一名作家。②(VERB)登(船);上(船)When someone embarks on a ship, they go on board before the start of a journey.We stood on the pier and watched as they embarked.我们站在突码头上目送他们登船。They embarked the troops by night.他们让部队在夜里上了船。

12.deprive of 英 [diˈpraivɔv] 美 [dɪˈpraɪv ʌv].deprive sb/sth of sthto prevent sb from having or doing sth, especially sth important 剥夺；使丧失；使不能享有

They were imprisoned and deprived of their basic rights.他们遭到监禁并被剥夺了基本权利。

Why should you deprive yourself of such simple pleasures? 你为什么连这种简单的娱乐也不让自己享受一下呢？ 13.Lead by example 以身作则

Good parents lead by example rather than only tell their children what to do.14.Majesty |ˈmædʒəsti|(pl.-ies)[不可数名词] the impressive and attractive quality that sth has 雄伟，壮观；庄严；威严;崇高

the sheer majesty of St Peter's in Rome 罗马圣彼得大教堂的雄伟庄严 the majesty of the music 那音乐的庄严气氛

[可数名词] His/Her/Your Majesty a title of respect used when speaking about or to a king or queen（对国王或女王的尊称）陛下

15.live on 英 [liv ɔn] 美 [liv ɑn] 继续活着;继续存在;住在„上;以„为食;.I live on my own in a studio flat.我自己住在一个单间公寓里。

.They are still having to live on very low incomes.他们现在还得靠微薄的收入过日子。

.The press conference was broadcast live on Polish television.波兰电视台现场直播了记者招待会。

.The family was forced to live on credit from local merchants.这家人不得不靠向当地商人赊账生活。

.You'll have enough to live on.你会有足够的钱生活下去。.I live on an invalidity pension.我靠伤残养老金过活。.It was becoming more and more difficult to live on his salary.他越来越难以靠他的工资维持生计了。.I live on the ground floor.我住在一楼。

(PHRASAL VERB)继续活着；存在下去 If someone lives on, they continue to be alive for a long time after a particular point in time or after a particular event.● I know my life has been cut short by this terrible virus but Daniel will live on after me.我知道这种可怕的病毒会让我的生命提前结束，但丹尼尔会在我死后继续活下去。

央视网消息：在接受央视两会面对面的采访中，全国政协委员、演员陈道明对圈内一些演员的职业精神发表了自己的看法。

全国政协委员、演员陈道明

有些演员职业精神远远不够

记者：当您看到这些，一夜就能成为爆红的一些明星，可能他们的片酬，比您不知道高多少的时候，您什么心态？

陈道明：并不是我们拿多少钱，应该不应该，也不是他们拿多少钱，应该不应该，是不是你认真地完成了你的职业。

记者：您理解的您的职业，应该是什么？

陈道明：职业操守。

记者：是什么？

陈道明：认真工作，全心创作，各行各业的职业精神，我觉得都是一样的。

记者：如果用这样的职业精神，您去衡量一下，现在出现的所谓的明星的话？

陈道明：我觉得好的还是大多数，我也跟很多年轻演员接触过，他们有的时候也说，说我们没办法，他们也要存活呀，有时候不能不随波逐流，这个天体这个漩涡，它的力量之大，是每一个粒子组成的，这粒子是谁呢，就是我们，当你卷进这漩涡的时候，你好像是被动卷进去的，但是你到了里头就成了动力。

记者：可以不进去吗？ 陈道明：可以。

记者：要付出什么？

陈道明：被边缘化，所以我也非常理解他们，现在我觉得问题出在，不出在他们年轻上，也不出现在貌美上，是他们没有一个正确的职业观，你干这个职业，现在动不动，什么手破了，什么哪儿摔伤了，什么冬天在水里头，夏天穿着大皮袄，变成了一个演员的功劳，你就是干这个的，你拿的就是这份钱，人家清洁工早上4点起早，你还在被窝里怎么说呢你的职业就是这个，然后还把它当作敬业，你演员就应该吃苦，就应该吃这样的苦。

演员自我要求必须严格

演员是文化作品的重要承载者，演员的职业和道德情操，直接影响精神产品的质量和社会效果。而一个民族文化欣赏水平的高低，决定了整个民族的文化气质，作为一名演员，陈道明对自己有明确的要求。

陈道明：有些剧我不拍。

记者：什么剧不拍？

陈道明：抗日神剧我就不拍。它不光是一个电视剧的问题，牵扯到一个正确的历史观问题，我想“90后”“00后”“10后”，将来看现在的抗日剧，是不是认为抗日就是那样，穿着皮大衣，拿着驳壳枪，男的像潘安，女的像柳如是，是不是都是那样。

记者：还有什么不拍？

陈道明：伪历史剧，我说的伪历史剧，就是这个剧是完完全全不靠边的。

记者：您不觉得，您能做的实在是太少了？

陈道明：这个只有靠行业的文化自觉，我作为我们演员，提高自己的一个鉴别意识，文化觉悟一点点提高，辨识度一点点提高，这得需要多漫长的爬坡，反正我是这样，有些东西我是坚决不拍的，我就觉得文化问题，是一个特别重要的问题，给老百姓到底端上什么样的菜，吃什么样的饭，喝什么样的汤。

记者：作为一名演员，可以给这个社会输出一些什么？

陈道明：情感，人类良性的情感，对国家的情感，对亲人的情感，对族人的情感，其实每个人如果都有一种情怀的话，良性的情怀，我觉得不愁出好片子。

记者：所以从这个角度，演员对社会的责任是什么？

陈道明：你必须要鉴别这个东西，输出给社会，是不是能起到温暖人改变人的作用？ 记者：因为演员他和普通人不一样，有一种放大的效应，别人会向你学的，所以你必须得用更严格的要求，去要求自己。

陈道明：我昨天在跟刘恒老师聊天，他就说我觉得我生活上拘谨，我说鱼和熊掌不能兼得，没有说你又可以花天酒地，你又功名利禄。

记者：您要舍哪一块儿？

陈道明：尽量净化自己吧。

记者：你要付出的是什么？

陈道明：我要付出的是约束，对自己的约束，不是什么话什么事都能做。

记者：所以这就是您明白了，现在有不少演员，他没明白这一点。

陈道明：慢慢碰钉子，我也再重复一遍，并不是他拿多少钱，我们不要聚焦这个，我觉得你拿这么多钱，是不是干了这么多的事，是不是你对得起观众，工作是怎么做的，我觉得我更看重的是这个。

第五篇：新视野大学英语2Unit3

读写教程2第一单元原文翻译

跨国婚姻

我和盖尔计划举行一个不事张扬的婚礼。在两年的相处中，我们的关系经历了起伏，这是一对情侣在学着相互了解、理解和尊重时常常出现的。但在这整整两年间，我们坦诚地面对彼此性格中的弱点和优点。

我们之间的种族及文化差异不但增强了我们的关系，还教会了我们要彼此宽容、谅解和开诚布公。盖尔有时不明白为何我和其他黑人如此关注种族问题，而我感到吃惊的是，她好像忘记了美国社会中种族仇恨种种微妙的表现形式。

对于成为居住在美国、异族通婚的夫妻，我和盖尔对未来没有不切实际的幻想。相互信任和尊重才是我们俩永不枯竭的力量源泉。

许多夫妻因为错误的理由结了婚，结果在10年、20年或30年后才发觉他们原来是合不来的。他们在婚前几乎没有花时间去互相了解，他们忽视了严重的性格差异，指望婚姻会自然而然地解决各种问题。我们希望避免重蹈覆辙。事实更说明了这一点：已经结婚35年的盖尔的父母正经历着一场充满怨恨、令人痛苦的婚变，这件事给盖尔带来了很大打击，并一度给我们正处于萌芽状态的关系造成了负面影响。

当盖尔把我们计划举办婚礼的消息告诉家人时，她遇到了一些阻力。她的母亲德博拉过去一直赞成我们的关系，甚至还开过玩笑，问我们打算何时结婚，这样她就可以抱外孙了。但这次听到我们要结婚的消息时，她没有向我们表示祝贺，反而劝盖尔想清楚自己的决定是否正确。“这么说我跟他约会没错，但是如果我跟他结婚，就错了。妈妈，是不是因为他的肤色？”盖尔后来告诉我她曾这样问她母亲。

“首先我必须承认，刚开始时我对异族通婚是有保留意见的，也许你甚至可以把这称为偏见。但是当我见到马克时，我发现他是一个既讨人喜欢又聪明的年轻人。任何一个母亲都会因为有这样一个女婿而感到脸上有光的。所以，这事跟肤色没有关系。是的，我的朋友们会说闲话。有些朋友甚至对你所做的事表示震惊。但他们的生活与我们的不同。因此你要明白，马克的肤色不是问题。我最大的担心是你也许跟我当初嫁给你爸爸一样，为了错误的原因而嫁给马克。当年我和你爸爸相遇时，在我眼中，他可爱、聪明、富有魅力又善解人意。一切都是那么新鲜、那么令人兴奋。而且我们两人都认为，我们的婚姻是理想婚姻，至少表面上看是如此，而且一切迹象都表明我们的婚姻会天长地久。直到后来我才明白，在我们结婚时，我并不十分理解我所爱的人——你的爸爸。”

“但是我和马克呆在一起已有两年多了，”盖尔抱怨道。“我们俩一起经历了许许多多的事情。我们彼此多次看到对方最糟糕的一面。我可以肯定时间只能证明我们是彼此深情相爱的。”

“你也许是对的。但我还是认为再等一等没坏处。你才25岁。”

盖尔的父亲戴维——我还未见过他的面——以知事莫若父的态度对待我们的决定。他问的问题基本上和盖尔母亲的问题相同：“干吗这么匆忙？这个马克是什么人？他是什么公民身份？”当他得知我办公民身份遇到了问题时，就怀疑我是因为想留在美国而娶他女儿的。

“不过爸爸，你这话讲得太难听了，”盖尔说。

“那么干吗要这样着急？”他重复地问。

“马克是有公民身份方面的问题，但他总是在自己处理这些问题，”盖尔辩解道。“事实上，当我们在讨论结婚的时候，他清楚地表明了一点：如果我对任何事情有怀疑，我完全可以取消我们的计划。”

她父亲开始引用统计数据说明异族通婚的离婚率比同族结婚的要高，而且还列举了接受过他咨询的、在婚姻上有麻烦的异族通婚夫妇的例子。他问道：“你考虑过你将来的孩子可能会遭受的苦难吗？”

“爸爸，你是种族主义者吗？”

“不，当然不是。但你必须得现实一点。”

“也许我们的孩子会遇到一些问题。但谁的孩子不会呢？可是有一样东西他们将会永远拥有，那就是我们的爱。”

“那是理想主义的想法。人们对异族通婚生下的孩子是会很残酷的。”

“爸爸，到时候我们自己会操心的。但是假如我们在做什么事之前，就必须把所有的疑难问题全部解决的话，那么我们几乎什么都干不成了。”“记住，你什么时候改变主意都不晚。”