第一篇:《英语诗歌鉴赏》期末测试
莆田第四中学2017-2018学年选修课期末测试
英语诗歌鉴赏
Name : ____________
Mark: ____________ Part one: Choose 4 of the 6 questions to answer.(40% 10 for each).1.Write down your appreciation of the poem Annabel Lee by Allan Poe from one of the following perspectives: the images, musical /sound effect and theme.2.Analyze the striking stylistic features of Dickinson’s I Could Not Stop for Death by listing some examples.3.Illustrate the major themes of Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening by Robert Frost.4.In the poem I(a by E.E.Cummings the form reinforces the theme.Please make a detailed analysis.5.Make a detailed analysis of the character Biff or Happy in Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman by referring to the selected part.6.Analyze the characteristics of Emily in A Rose for Emily.Part two: cope the section of a poem;pay attention to your handwriting(30%).Life, thin and light-off time and time again Frivolous tireless
I heard the echo, from the valleys and the heart Open to the lonely soul of sickle harvesting Repeat outrightly, but also repeat the well-being of Eventually swaying in the desert oasis
I believe I am Born as the bright summer flowers Do not withered undefeated fiery demon rule Heart rate and breathing to bear the load of the cumbersome Bored _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________
Part three: write down a poem you learnt in the course(30%)._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The End ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
第二篇:最新英语诗歌鉴赏
You Are Not Alone
Another day has gone
I am still alone
How could this be
You are not here with me
You never said goodbye
Someone tell me why
Did you have to go
And leave my world so cold
Everyday I sit and ask myself
How did love slip away
Something whispers in my ear and says
That you are not alone
For I am here with you
Though you are far away
I am here with you
Though you are far away
I am here to stay
But you are not alone
For I am here with you
Though we are far apart
You are always in my heart
But you are not alone
Lone,Lone
Why,lone
Just the other night
I thought I heard you cry
Asking me to come
And hold you in my arms
I can hear your prayers
Your burdens I will bear
But first I need your hand
Then forever can begin
第三篇:2015高三期末.诗歌鉴赏.教师版
高三期末汇编之2015诗歌鉴赏
海淀
甲午元旦 孔尚任
萧疏白发不盈颠,守岁围炉竟废眠。剪烛催干消夜酒,倾囊分遍买春钱。听烧爆竹童心在,看换桃符老兴偏。鼓角梅花添一部,五更欢笑拜新年。
【注释】①元旦:即现在的“春节”。1.《甲午元旦》诗中所写的春节习俗,在下列诗句中没有表现的一项是(3分)A.儿童却立避其锋,当阶击地雷霆吼。B.千家万户曈曈日,总把新桃换旧符。C.一樽岁酒拜庭除,稚子牵衣慰屏居。D.明月皎皎千门秀,华灯盏盏万户春。2.下列诗句与《甲午元旦》一诗中尾联所表达情感最相近的一项是(3分)A.老去又逢新岁月,春来更有好花枝。B.故节当歌守,新年把烛迎。C.奉母犹欣餐有肉,占年更喜梦维鱼。D.饯岁愁虽剧,迎年喜亦深。3.下列对联不适合作“春联”的一项是(3分)
A.天增岁月人增寿,春满乾坤福满门 B.家居光天化日下,人在春风和气中 C.千家笑语漏迟迟,忧患潜从物外知 D.百福尽随新节至,千祥俱自早春来 4.这首诗语言朴素平实,言浅意浓,请以“竟”“催”“倾”中的一词为例,对这一特点加以赏析。(3分)
5.请根据诗歌内容,谈谈我们应该怎样过一个文明和谐的春节,100字左右。(5分)1.(3分)D2.(3分)B3.(3分)C 4.(3分)要点:解释词的语境义(1分);结合诗句,紧扣词语“言浅意浓”的特点进行赏析(2分)。
5.(5分)要点:联系诗歌中的春节习俗(如守岁、宴饮、分压岁钱、放爆竹、贴春联、赏音乐、拜新年)(1分),建议具体(2分),理由合理(2分)。
①西城
13.阅读下面宋诗,完成①②题。
①
梦寻梅(宋)方岳
野径深藏隐者家,岸沙分路带溪斜。马蹄残雪六千里,山嘴有梅三四花。黄叶拥篱埋药草,青灯煨芋话桑麻。
②③
一生烟雨蓬茅底,不梦金貂侍玉华。
【注】①方岳:字巨山,号秋崖,一生坎坷,屡遭贬谪。②金貂:汉代的宫饰。③玉华:宫殿名。也有人认为“玉华”指精美的玉石。①下列对本诗的理解,不正确的一项是(3分)...A.首联中的“野径”“隐者家”及“岸沙”“带溪斜”等词语,点出了梅花生长环境的幽美和僻静,也从侧面表现出梅花高雅脱俗的特质。
B.颔联中“六千里”表明寻梅过程的执着与艰辛,“三四花”则与之形成对照,突出了梅花的可贵,也透露出梦中人寻梅有获后的欣喜。
C.尾联中“烟雨蓬茅”和“金貂”“玉华”对举,有“实”和“虚”的对比,也有“取”和“舍”的对比,其中反映出诗人的志趣追求。
D.紧扣诗题“梦寻梅”中的“梦”字,全诗用梦境来刻画诗人寻梅的历程以及赏梅中的 1 / 6
欢乐,烘托了这样一种生活带给诗人的怡然自足。
②本诗题为“梦寻梅”,而颈联两句却是写“黄叶拥篱埋药草,青灯煨芋话桑麻”,似乎与“梅”没有关联,如何理解?(5分)
14.在下面文段中横线处写出诗文原句。(限选其中1道小题)(6分)
① 记,在古代是一种散文文体。它可以写景状物,如《小石潭记》中写鱼:“佁然不动,俶尔远逝。”可以叙事,如《桃花源记》中写世外桃源:“黄发垂髫,并怡然自乐。”也可以将写景状物与议论抒情结合起来,如《醉翁亭记》中描写朝暮景致的不同:“,云归而岩穴暝。”写百姓生活的平和:“,行者休于树,前者呼,后者应。”还写作者的感慨:“人知从太守游而乐。”还可以因事见理,如《游褒禅山记》中说:“而世之奇伟、瑰怪,非常之观,而人之所罕至焉。”这些作品的内蕴,直到今天仍然有着深远的影响。
② 《毛诗序》中说:“诗者,志之所之也,在心为志,发言为诗,情动于中而形于言。”以诗来审视诗人的情致,既可以是 《归园田居》中的闲适:“狗吠深巷中,鸡鸣桑树颠。户庭无尘杂。”也可以是《闻王昌龄左迁龙标遥有此寄》中的朋友关切:“杨花落尽子规啼,闻道龙标过溪。。”也可以是《春夜喜雨》中的济世意蕴:“,当春乃发生。”还可以是《定**·莫听穿林打叶声》中的不懈追求与旷达超脱:“,谁怕?。”历史上许多贤人志士的情操与怀抱,就在代代相传的文字吟咏之中,不断影响着每一位阅读者的内心世界。
13.①(3分)D(“全诗用梦境”错,最后一联不是梦境的刻画)
②(5分)这两句诗的意思是:在罕有人至的幽居之所,诗人闲适自足,以济世救人与围炉夜话为乐事。诗句中的闲适自足,表面上看与“梅”没有直接关联,却与梅“高洁、脱俗”的内在精神相契合。这种对闲适别致的生活内容的着意刻画,也为尾联抒发对脱俗孤傲的隐居生活的向往之情作了铺垫。
评分标准:明确联句大意,1分;明确联句意思与“梅”的关联,2分;明确联句在结构及表达上的作用,2分。
意思对即可。
14.①往来翕忽 若夫日出而林霏开 至于负者歌于途 而不知太守之乐其乐也 常在于险远故非有志者不能至也 ②虚室有余闲我寄愁心与明月 随君(风)直到夜郎西 好雨知时节 竹杖芒鞋轻胜马 一蓑烟雨任平生
东城
13.阅读下面宋词,完成①-④题。
满庭芳残梅 李清照 [1]小阁藏春,闲窗锁昼,画堂无限深幽。篆香烧尽,日影下帘钩。手种江梅渐好,又何必、[2]临水登楼。无人到,寂寥浑似,何逊在扬州。
③从来知韵胜,难堪雨藉,不耐风揉。更谁家横笛,吹动浓愁。莫恨香消雪减,须信道、扫迹情留。难言处,良宵淡月,疏影尚风流。
注释:[1]篆香,对盘香的喻称。[2]何逊:南朝梁代著名的文学家,有《扬州早梅》诗。①下列对这首词中语句的理解,不正确的一项是(3分)...A.“小阁藏春,闲窗锁昼”的意思是:美好的春光和充满生气的白昼,都被藏锁起来。B.“难堪雨藉,不耐风揉”的意思是:不管狂风还是暴雨,梅花都巍然挺立,傲然不屈。C.“须信道、扫迹情留”的意思是:一定要相信,即使梅花开败,它的情韵也长留人间。D.“良宵淡月,疏影尚风流”的意思是:梅花的姿影会在美好的月夜显出独有的俊俏。②下列对这首词的赏析,不正确的两项是(4分)...
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A.上片首先描写深暗的环境,然后抒赏梅之情,发寂寞之感。B.下片转而写风、雨、笛声、冬雪、月夜,已不再着笔于梅花。C.全词写出了作者在冷清寂寞之中所产生的深切感伤之情。
D.词中的梅花衬托出词人恶劣的生活环境,体现了作者自强不息的精神。
E.本词使用“又何必”“从来”“尚”等虚词,转折达意,呼应传神,跌宕多姿。③下列诗句中梅花的形象,与其他三项不相同的一项是(3分)...A.虬枝凌寒,独傲冰峰艳。B.自古承春早,严冬斗雪开。
C.疏影横斜水清浅,暗香浮动月黄昏。D.雪虐风号愈凛然,花中气节最高坚。
④千百年来,梅花精神已被植入中国文化的血脉中。人们赏梅、咏梅、评梅、画梅,用梅花寄托怀抱、陶冶情操。请结合你的文化积累,任选一个角度,谈谈你心目中的梅花精神。(5分)
13.(15分)①(3分)B ②(4分)B D ③(3分)C ④(5分)【评分标准】文化积累结合准确,梅花精神阐述合理,语言表达顺畅。
朝阳
14.阅读下面两首苏轼的诗词,完成①—④题。(15分)
采桑子·润州多景楼与孙巨源相遇
苏轼
多情多感仍多病,多景楼中。尊酒相逢,乐事回头一笑空。停杯且听琵琶语,细捻轻拢。醉脸春融,斜照江天一抹红。
润州甘露寺弹筝
苏轼
【1】多景楼上弹神曲,欲断哀弦再三促。江妃出听雾雨愁,白浪翻空动浮玉。唤取吾家双凤槽,遣作三峡孤猿号。与君合奏芳春调,啄木飞来霜树杪。注释:【1】浮玉:喻指金山。
①下列对这两首诗词的理解,不正确的一项是(3分)...A.《采桑子》开篇从“多景楼”的“多”字获取灵感,连用三个“多”字引出“情”“感”“病”而不赘叙,令人印象深刻。
B.“空”字写出“一笑”之后,“回头”来眼前的“乐事”便会消失而“空”无所有,只有“多情”“多感”“多病”依然。
C.《采桑子》上阕前二句先言情后言事,后二句先言事后言情,借眼前之景,写心中之情,言事与言情结合,意蕴盎然。
D.这两首诗词皆出自苏轼之手,均写多景楼中与友人相聚之事,都借用音乐抒情,但抒发的情感却一喜一忧,迥然不同。
②筝是一种拨弦乐器,相传为秦人蒙恬所制,故又名“秦筝”。它发音凄苦,常令人“感悲音而增叹,怆憔悴而怀愁”。下面有关筝的诗所表达的情感不同于其他三项的是(3分)...A.弹筝北窗下,夜响清音愁。张高弦易断,心伤曲不道。(南朝梁·萧纲《弹筝》)
B.鸣筝金粟柱,素手玉房前。欲得周郎顾,时时误拂弦。(唐·李端《听筝》)C.花脸云鬟坐玉楼,十三弦里一时愁。凭君向道休弹去,白尽江州司马头。(唐·白居易《听崔七妓人筝》)
D.银甲弹冰五十弦,海门风急雁行偏。故人情怨知多少,扬子江头月满船。(元·萨都剌《赠弹筝者》)
③有人评论说苏轼《采桑子》中“斜照江天一抹红”一句与白居易《琵琶行》中“唯见
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江心秋月白”一句有异曲同工之妙。请试作简要分析。(6分)
④这两首诗词对于音乐演奏有很多精妙的描写,有的句子化用了白居易《琵琶行》中的句子,如“细捻轻拢”在《琵琶行》中的原句是“”,而“欲断哀弦”所表达的意境同《琵琶行》中的“冰泉冷涩弦凝绝。,此时无声胜有声”也有相似之处。(3分)
14.①(3分)D(“一喜一忧,迥然不同”有误)②(3分)B ③(6分)
两句都运用了以景结情,情景交融的手法(1分,手法)。“斜照江天一抹红”写演奏结束,四下安静下来,只看见夕阳斜照在江面,水天映着残阳的一道红光(1分,解说诗句)。“唯见江心秋月白”写演奏结束后,四周静悄悄的,只看见江心倒映着一轮皎洁的秋月(1分,解说诗句)。这两句都写了演奏结束后,演奏者和听众还沉浸在音乐的回味中,此刻出现了刹那的宁静(1分,“宁静”或“空白”等),从侧面表现出琵琶声的妙绝入神(1分,“侧面表现”),曲有尽而韵无穷,言有尽而意无穷,给读者留下了涵咏回味的广阔空间(1分,“回味”)。【评分参考】意思对即可。
④(3分)轻拢慢捻抹复挑 凝绝不通声暂歇 别有幽愁暗恨生 【评分参考】每空1分。句中有错该句不得分。
丰台
13.阅读下面唐诗,完成①-③题。
送人之军 贺知章
常经绝脉塞,复见断肠流。送子成今别,令人起昔愁。陇云晴半雨,边草夏先秋。
①
万里长城寄,无贻汉国忧。
【注释】①汉国:指唐王朝。唐人多以汉喻唐。①下列对本诗的理解,不正确的一项是(3分)...A.首联写边塞险要。“绝脉塞”指长城险塞,“断肠流”指陇头流水,分别以“绝脉”和“断肠”称之,使人感受到边塞的险要、荒凉、凄苦。
B.首联颔联写送别。“常经”应“昔愁”,“复见”应“今别”,两相对照呼应,不仅加深了眼前的送别之愁,也可以看出当时战争的频繁。
C.颈联写景物节候。“晴半雨”“夏先秋”,写出了边塞环境气候的恶劣,同时“晴半雨”让人联想到“道是无情还有情”,表达挽留之意。
D.全诗以时空传情。今昔相映,“复见”了“常经”,使“今别”再添“昔愁”;塞内塞外对比,塞内尚夏而塞外就已经有了秋意。无不言愁。
②这是首送别诗,也是一首边塞诗。下列唐诗与这首诗在题材类别上不一致的是(3分)...A.雁山横代北,狐塞接云中。勿使燕然上,惟留汉将功。(陈子昂《送魏大从军》)B.上马带吴钩,翩翩度陇头。小来思报国,不是爱封侯。(岑参《送人赴安西》)C.沙平连白云,蓬卷入黄云。慷慨倚长剑,高歌一送君。(王维《送张判官赴河西》)D.官桥祭酒客,山木女郎祠。别后同明月,君应听子规。(王维《送杨长史赴果州》)③尾联常为人称道,请你赏析尾联的妙处。(4分)13.① C(3分)② D(3分)③答案示例:
尾联是勉励之辞,诗人寄望戍边的男儿应像万里长城一样抵御外敌入侵,保家卫国,让大唐不再有后顾之忧。“万里长城”既是写景,又是用典,妙在虚实之间。“万里长城”除
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写眼前景外,又暗用了檀道济的典故,在这里以长城比喻军队,表达了诗人对祖国安全的关切和对之军戍边之人的期望。(4分。诗句理解,2分;手法,1分;情感,1分。)
石景山
14.阅读下面这首唐诗,完成①—③题。(11分)
注
秋日赴阙题潼关驿楼
【唐】许浑
红叶晚萧萧,长亭酒一瓢。残云归太华,疏雨过中条。树色随关迥,河声入海遥。帝乡明日到,犹自梦渔樵。
注:“阙”指唐代都城长安,此诗写于作者赴长安应试途中。①下列对诗句的理解,不正确的一项是(3分)...A.此诗开篇勾勒出一幅秋日行旅图,对萧萧红叶的描写透露出作者一缕悲凉的意绪。B.颔联写山间风雨,“残云”与“疏雨”相应,绵绵秋雨让深秋的凄寒萧瑟更深一层。C.颈联亦写景,诗人站在高处,望树色茫茫,听黄河远去,使读者有身临其境的感觉。D.尾联中的“帝乡”与题目中“赴阙”照应,长安不远,作者心中又生出别样的情愫。②本诗第二句“长亭酒一瓢”蕴含着惜别的离情,阅读下列诗句,将你认为没有表达这种情感的两项诗句序号选出来,填写在【】内。(4分)
A.倘忆江边卧,归期愿早知。B.旅食思乡味,砧声起客愁。
C.东风未晓放船行,卧唱阳关出渭城。D.花柳湖西别此翁,十年鬓雪忽重逢。E.目断归帆何太疾,风吹柳絮正愁人。
③上面这首《秋日赴阙题潼关驿楼》另有一个版本,题为《行次潼关逢魏扶东归》,内容与前诗有不同之处。请结合诗歌内容,比较这两首诗尾联所表达感情的不同。(4分)
行次潼关逢魏扶东归【唐】许浑
南北断蓬飘,长亭酒一瓢。残云归太华,疏雨过中条。
注树色随关迥,河声入海遥。劳歌此分手,风急马萧萧。
注:“劳歌”即忧伤离别之歌。
14.(11分)
① B(3分)② B D(每填对一处得2分,共4分)③(4分)《秋日赴阙题潼关驿楼》的尾联表现了诗人出仕为官和归隐山林的矛盾心理,表达了对隐居生活的留恋。《行次潼关逢魏扶东归》的尾联表现了诗人与故友于他乡相遇,又不得不各自奔波,依依惜别的深情。【评分要点】诗句解说各1分,点明情感各1分,意思对即可。
房山
15.阅读下面诗歌,完成⑴—⑶题。(11分)
贫 女 秦韬玉
蓬门未识绮罗香,拟托良媒益自伤。谁爱风流高格调,共怜时世俭梳妆。敢将十指夸针巧,不把双眉斗画长。
注
苦恨年年压金线,为他人作嫁衣裳!
【注】压金线:刺绣的一种方法。(1)下列对本诗的理解,不正确的一项是(3分)...A.首联中,贫女道出了自己于待嫁之年打算托付良媒,考虑到家境贫寒却更加伤感的境况。
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B.颔联表现贫女期待有人能够欣赏她高雅的格调,能够和她一样乐于过简朴的生活。C.颈联写贫女针黹出众,敢在人前夸口,不会把两条眉毛画得长长的去迎合流俗。D.诗人塑造贫女的形象,没有借助景物描写,而是直接通过相貌衣着和神态举止加以刻画。
(2)下列诗句所抒之情与本诗“自伤”的情感相近的两项是(4分)A.念天地之悠悠,独怆然而涕下。(陈子昂《登幽州台歌》)B.劝君更尽一杯酒,西出阳关无故人。(王维《送元二使安西》)C.日暮征帆何处泊,天涯一望断人肠。(孟浩然《送杜十四之江南》)D.鸷鸟之不群兮,自前世而固然。(屈原《离骚》)E.借问梅花何处落,风吹一夜满关山。(高适《塞上听吹笛》)(3)近代俞陛云评价本诗:“此篇语语皆贫女自伤,而实为贫士不遇者写牢愁抑塞之怀。”(《诗境浅说》)请结合具体诗句,谈谈你对以上评论的看法。(4分)
16.在横线处写出诗文原句(限选做其中3道题)。(6分)(1)《诗经·氓》中“,”两句诗与前文的“桑之未落,其叶沃若”形成对比,借写桑叶衰败的景象,来比女主人公年长色衰,并引出下文的家庭变故。
(2)白居易《琵琶行》一诗中,以“ ”和“ ”的景物描写,展现了秋江月夜的景象,渲染了凄清的氛围。
(3)《子路、曾皙、冉有、公西华侍坐》一文中,孔子向学生问志,先是用温和自谦的话先打消他们的顾虑,说道:“。”意即,因为我年纪比你们大一点,你们不要认为这样就不说了。
(4)诸葛亮在《出师表》中回顾了自己“布衣”的出身,并以“,”表明自己当时只想着能活下去,并不想做什么高官。
15.⑴D 诗人刻画贫女形象,既没有借助景物描写,也没有通过相貌衣着和神态举止加以刻画,而是把她放在与社会环境的矛盾冲突中,通过独白揭示她内心深处的苦痛。
⑵答案:A D 评分建议:4分。每答对一个得2分;每多答一个倒扣2分,扣至0分为止。
⑶答案示例:评论点明了本诗的比兴意义,“拟托良媒益自伤”,寄托着寒士出身贫贱、无人举荐的苦闷与哀怨;夸指巧而不斗眉长,隐喻着寒士才高德贤、超凡脱俗的孤高情调;“谁爱风流高格调”,俨然是封建文人独清独醒的寂寞口吻;“为他人作嫁衣裳”,则令人想到那些久屈下僚的读书人——或许就是诗人的自叹吧?诗情哀怨沉痛,字里行间却流露出诗人怀才不遇、寄人篱下的感恨,同时寄寓了封建社会贫寒士人不为世用的不平。
评分建议:4分。有观点,1分;结合诗句作恰当的分析,3分。
16.标准答案:⑴桑之落矣 其黄而陨 ⑵别时茫茫江浸月 绕船明月江水寒 ⑶以吾一日长乎尔 毋吾以也 ⑷苟全性命于乱世 不求闻达于诸侯
评分建议:6分,每句1分。出现错别字或其它错误则该句不得分;限从4个小题中选3个小题作答,不是从8个空中选6个空作答;答4个小题的按其前3个所答评阅。
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第四篇:英语诗歌鉴赏及名词解释(英文版)
The Basic Elements of Appreciating English Poetry 1.What is poetry?
Poetry is the expression of Impassioned feeling in language.―Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings: it takes its origin from emotion recollected in tranquility.‖
―Poetry, in a general sense, may be defined to be the expression of the imagination.‖ Poetry is the rhythmical creation of beauty.Poetry is the image of man and nature.―诗言志,歌咏言。‖
---《虞书》
―诗言志之所以也。在心为志,发言为诗。情动于中而行于言,言之不足,则嗟叹之;嗟叹之不足,故咏歌之;咏歌之不足,不知手之舞之,足之蹈之也。情发于声;声成文,谓之音。‖
---《诗·大序》
―诗是由诗人对外界所引起的感觉,注入了思想与情感,而凝结了形象,终于被表现出来的一种‗完成‘的艺术。‖
---艾青:《诗论》 2.The Sound System of English Poetry a.The prosodic features Prosody(韵律)---the study of the rhythm, pause, tempo, stress and pitch features of a language.Chinese poetry is syllable-timed, English poetry is stress-timed.Stress: The prosody of English poetry is realized by stress.One stressed syllable always comes together with one or more unstressed syllables.eg.Tiger, /tiger, /burning /bright
In the /forest /of the/ night,What im/mortal /hand or /eye
Could frame thy/ fearful /symme/try?
---W.Blake
Length: it can produce some rhetorical and artistic effect.eg.The curfew tolls the knell of parting day,The lowing herd wind slowly o‘er the lea,The Ploughman homeward plods his weary way,And leaves the world to darkness and to me.---Thomas Gray Long vowels and diphthongs make the poem slow, emotional and solemn;short vowels quick, passionate, tense and exciting.Pause: it serves for the rhythm and musicality of poetry.b.Meter or measure(格律)
poem---stanza/strophe---line/verse---foot---arsis + thesis;Meter or measure refers to the formation way of stressed and unstressed syllables.Four common meters:
a)Iambus;the iambic foot(抑扬格)
eg.She walks/ in beau/ty, like/ the night
Of cloud /less climes/ and star/ry skies;
And all/ that‘s best /of dark/ and bright
Meet in /her as /pect and /her eyes.---Byron b)Trochee;the trochaic foot(扬抑格)
eg.Never /seek to/ tell thy/ love,Love that/ never/ told can/ be.---Blake
c)Dactyl;the dactylic foot(扬抑抑格)
eg.Cannon to/ right of them,Cannon to/ left of them.Cannon in/ front of them,Volley‘d and/ thunder‘d.---Tennyson d)Anapaest;the anapestic foot(抑抑扬格)
eg.Break,/ break, /break,On thy cold /grey stones,/ O sea!
And I would /that my tongue/ could utter
The thought/ that arise /in me.---Tennyson
c)Other meters
Amphibrach, the amphibrachic foot(抑扬抑格);
Spondee, the spondaic foot(扬扬格);
Pyrrhic, the pyrrhic foot(抑抑格);
d)Actalectic foot(完整音步)and Cactalectic foot(不完整音步)
eg.Rich the / treasure,Sweet the / pleasure.(actalectic foot)
Tiger,/ tiger, /burning /bright,In the/ forest/ of the/ night.(cactalectic foot)
e)Types of foot
monometer(一音步)
dimeter(二音步)
trimeter(三音步)
tetrameter(四音步)
pentameter(五音步)
hexameter(六音步)
heptameter(七音步)
octameter(八音步)
We have iambic monometer, trochaic tetrameter, iambic pentameter, anapaestic trimeter, etc., when the number of
foot and meter are taken together in a poem.C.Rhyme When two or more words or phrases contain an identical or similar vowel sound, usually stressed, and the consonant sounds that follow the vowel sound are identical and preceded by different consonants, a rhyme
occurs.It can roughly be divided into two types:
internal rhyme and end rhyme Internal rhyme a)alliteration: the repetition of initial identical consonant sounds or any vowel sounds in successive or closely associated syllables, esp.stressed syllables.eg.The fair breeze blew, the white foam flew,The furrow followed free.---Coleridge
I slip, I slide, I gloom, I glance,Among my skinning swallows.---Tennyson
Whereat with blade, with bloody blameful blade,He bravely broached his boiling bloody breast.---Shakespeare
―Consonant cluster‖(辅音连缀)
―internal or hidden alliteration‖(暗头韵)as in
―Here in the long unlovely street‖(Tennyson)
The Scian & the Teian muse,The hero‘s harp, the love‘s lute, Have found the fame your shores refuse.---Byron b)Assonance(腹韵/元音叠韵/半谐音):the repetition of similar or identical vowel sounds in a line ending with different consonant sounds.eg.Do not go gentle into that night
Old age should burn and rave at close of day.Rage, rage against the dying of the light.Though wise men at their end know dark is right,Because their words have forked no lightning they
Do not go gentle into that night.c)Consonance(假韵): the repetition of the ending consonant sounds with different preceding vowels of two or more words in a line.eg.At once a voice arose among
The bleak twigs overhead
In a full-hearted evensong
Of joy illimited.---Hardy End rhyme: lines in a poem end in similar or identical stressed syllables.a)Perfect rhyme
Perfect rhyme(in two or more words)occurs in the following three conditions:
identical stressed vowel sounds(lie--high, stay--play);
the same consonants after the identical stressed vowels(park--lark, fate--late);
different consonants preceding the stressed vowels(first– burst);
follow—swallow(perfect rhyme)
b)imperfect/ half rhyme: the stressed vowels in two or more words are the same, but the consonant sounds after and preceding are different.eg.fern—bird, faze—late, like—right c)Masculine and feminine rhyme
eg.Sometimes when I‘m lonely,Don‘t know why,Keep thinking I won‘t be lonely
By and by.---Hughes
The comrade of thy wanderings over Heaven,As then, when to outstrip thy skiey speed
Scarce seem‘d a vision;I would ne‘er have striven…
---Shelley Rhyme scheme(韵式)a)Running rhyme scheme(连续韵)
two neighbouring lines rhymed in aa bb cc dd:
eg.Tiger, tiger, burning bright
In the forests of the night,What immortal hand or eye
Could frame thy fearful symmetry?
In what distant deeps or skies
Burnt the fire of thine eyes?
On what wings dare he aspire?
What the hand dare seize the fire?
b)Alternating rhyme scheme(交叉韵)
rhymed every other line in a b a b
c d c d:
eg.Shall I compare thee to a summer‘s day?
Thou art more lovely and more temperate:
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summer‘s lease hath all too short a date:
---Shakespeare
c)enclosing rhyme scheme(首尾韵)
In a quatrain, the first and the last rhymed, and the second and the third rhymed in a b b a:
eg.When you are old and gray and full of sleep,And nodding by the fire, take down this book,And slowly read, and dream of the soft look
Your eyes had once, and of their shadows deep;
---W.B.Yeats
D.Form of poetry(stanzaic form)
a)couplet: a stanza of two lines with similar end rhymes:
eg.A little learning is a dangerous thing;
Drink deep, or taste not the Pierian Spring.b)heroic couplet: a rhyming couplet of iambic pentameter:
eg.O could I flow like thee, and make thy stream
My great example, as it is my theme:
---Denham
Then share thy pain, allow that sad relief;
Ah, more than share it, give me all thy grief.---Pope
c)Triplet / tercet: a unit or group of three lines, usu.rhymed
eg.He clasps the crags with crooked hands;
Close to the sun in lonely lands,Ringed with the azure world, he stands.The wrinkled sea beneath him crawls:
He watches from his mountains walls,And like a thunderbolt he falls.---Tennyson
d)quatrain: a stanza of four lines rhymed or unrhymed.eg.O my luve is like a red, red rose,That‘s newly sprung in June;
O my luve is like the melodie
That‘s sweetly play‘d in tune.As fair art thou, my bonie lass,So deep in luve am I;
And I will luve thee still, my dear,Till a‘ the seas gang dry.---Burns
e)Sonnet: a fixed verse form of Italian origin consisting of
lines that are characteristically in iambic pentameter:
The Petrarchan / Italian sonnet(Francesco Petrarch):
two parts: octave, asking question, presenting a problem,or expressing an emotional tension rhyming abba abba;
while the sestet, solving the problem rhyming cde cde,cde cde, or cd cd cd.Shakespearean / English sonnet:
arranged usually into three quatrains and a couplet, rhyming abab cdcd efef gg.The first quatrain introduces
a subject, the second expands, and once more in the third, and concludes in the couplet.Spenserian sonnet: three quatrains and a couplet rhyming abab
bcbc
cdcd
ee;
Miltonic sonnet: simply an ltalian sonnet that eliminates the pause between the octave and sestet.f)Blank verse: the unrhymed iambic pentameter
eg.To be, or not to be: that is the question:
Whether ‘tis nobler in the mind to suffer
The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,And by opposing end them? To die: to sleep;
---Shakespeare
g)Free verse: poetry that is based on irregular rhythmic
cadence of the recurrence, with variations, of phrases,images and syntactical patterns rather than the
conventional use of meter.eg.Days
What are days for?
Days are where we live.They come, they wake us
Time and time over.They are to be happy in
Where can we live but days?
Ah, solving that question
Bring the priest and doctor
In their long coats
Running over the fields.3.The semantic system of English poetry a.The meaning of poetry
Poetry is ―the one permissible way of saying one thing
and meaning another‖.(Frost)
The meaning of a poem usually consists of three levels,that is, the literal(the lowest), the sensory(the medium)
and the emotional(the highest).b.Image---the soul of the meaning in poetry
a)Definition: ―language that evokes a physical sensation
produced by one or more of the five senses---sight,hearing, taste, touch and smell.‖(Kirszner and Mandell)
A literal and concrete representation of a sensory
experience or of an object that can be known by one or
more of the senses.b)Types of images
In terms of senses:
visual image(视觉意象)
---Philip Larkin
auditory image(听觉意象)
olfactory image(嗅觉意象)
tactile image(触觉意象)
gustatory image(味觉意象)
kinaesthetic image(动觉意象)
eg.Spring, the sweet spring, is the year‘s pleasant king,Then blooms each thing, then maids dance in a ring,Cold doth not sting, the pretty birds do sing:
Cuckoo, jug-jug, pu-we, to-witta-woo!
---Thomas Nashe
In terms of the relation between the image and the object: Literal(字面意象)and figurative image(修辞意象)
The former refers to the one that involves no necessary change or extension in the obvious meaning of the words;or the one in which the words call up a sensory representation of the literal object or sensation.The latter is the one that involves a turn on the literal meaning of the words.eg.Let us walk in the white snow
In a soundless space;
With footsteps quiet and slow,At a tranquil pace,Under veils of white lace.---Elinor Wylie
In terms of the readers: fixed and free image(稳定意象和自由意象)
By fixed or tied image, it is the one so employed that its meaning and associational value is the same or nearly the same for all readers.By free image, it is the one not so fixed by the context that its possible meanings or associational values are limited, it is therefore, capable of having various meanings or values for various people.eg.Snake
I saw a young snake glide
Out of the mottled shade
And hang limp on a stone:
A thin mouth, and a tongue
Stayed, in the still air.It turned;it drew away;
Its shadow bent in half;
It quickened and was gone.I felt my slow blood warm.I longed to be that thing,The pure, sensuous form.And I may be, some time.---Theodore Roethke
c)The function of image:
to stimulate readers‘ senses;
to activate readers‘ sensory and emotional experience;
to involve the readers in the creation of poetry with personal and emotional experience;to strike a responsive chord in the hearts of readers;
eg.Fog
The fog comes
on little cat feet.It sits looking
over harbor and city
on silent haunches
and then moves on.---Carl Sandberg
eg.Fire and ice
Some say the world will end in fire,Some say in ice.From what I‘ve tasted of desire
I hold with those who favor fire.But if it had to perish twice,I think I know enough of hate
To say that for destruction ice
Is also great
And would suffice.---R.Frost
C.The means of expressing meaning
a)Phonetic devices
onomatopoeia
A widow bird
eg.A widow bird was mourning for her love
Upon a wintry bough;
The frozen wind crept on above,The freezing stream below
There was no leaf upon the forest bare,No flower upon the ground,And little motion in the air
Except the mill-wheel‘s sound.P.B.Shelley
Pun
eg.The little black thing among the snow
Crying ―‘weep, ‘weep‖ in notes of woe!
b)figures of speech
A.comparison: metaphor;simile(tenor 本体 , vehicle 喻体)
B.conceit
C.personification
D.metonymy(换喻)
E.apostrophe F.synaesthesia(―通感‖或―联觉‖)G.symbolism H.hyperbole I.Allusion(典故)
c)Deviation(变异):the digression from the normal way of
expressions
Lexical deviation(self-made words)
Grammatical deviation(slang, vernacular)
Deviation of registers
Deviation of cultural subjects
第五篇:八下期末复习诗歌鉴赏
饮酒(其五)陶渊明
结庐在人境,而无车马喧。问君何能尔?心远地自偏。采菊东篱下,悠然见南山。山气日夕佳,飞鸟相与还。此中有真意,欲辨已忘言。
1、“心远地自偏”中的“远”的意思:心情闲适,心志高远。
1、展开合理想像,描写“山气日夕佳,飞鸟相与还”,这句诗所展现的画面。
傍晚山上的气象愈发美好,在这从容而浑然的暮色里,飞鸟一群群翩然而归,结伴而还。
3、“采菊东篱下,悠然见南山”,你觉得此间的主人公是个怎样的形象? 是个亲近自然、陶醉于自然、精神自由、远离尘俗的隐士形象。
行路难(其一)李白
金樽清酒斗十千,玉盘珍馐直万钱。停杯投箸不能食,拔剑四顾心茫然。欲渡黄河冰塞川,将登太行雪满山。闲来垂钓碧溪上,忽复乘舟梦日边。行路难!行路难!多歧路,今安在?长风破浪会有时,直挂云帆济沧海。
1、“停、投、拔、顾”四个前后连续的动作,反映了李白当时怎样的心理活动? 生动形象地表现诗人心中充满难以排解的烦恼及无所适从之感。
2、赏析一下“闲来垂钓碧溪上,忽复乘舟梦日边”这句话有什么特色? 用典故。表现自己希望自己象姜太公伊尹那样一展宏图。
3、比较一下“欲渡黄河冰塞川,将登太行雪满山”和“长风破浪会有时,直挂云帆济沧海”两句话表达的感情有什么不同?
前句:诗人以形象化语言写出世途艰难,寓含无限的悲慨。
后句:写出现实之路,虽坎坷险阻,但梦还在,理想还在,诗人失意中仍有希望,坚定长风破浪的信心,鼓起沧海扬帆的勇气。
茅屋为秋风所破歌 杜甫
八月秋高风怒号,卷我屋上三重茅。茅飞渡江洒江郊,高者挂 长林梢,下者飘转沉塘坳。南村群童欺我老无力,忍能对面为盗贼。公然抱茅入竹去,唇焦口燥呼不得,归来倚仗自叹息。俄顷风定云墨色,秋天漠漠向昏黑。布衾多年冷似铁,娇儿恶卧踏里裂。床头屋漏无干处,雨脚如麻未断绝。自经丧乱少睡眠,长夜沾湿何由彻!安得广厦千万间,大庇天下寒士俱欢颜!风雨不动安如山。呜呼!何时眼前突兀见此屋,吾庐独破受冻死亦足!
1、这首诗的第一节是怎样描绘秋风肆虐的情景的?诗人为什么这样描绘? 风怒号”从听觉上突出秋风之狂;“卷”从视觉上写出秋风之肆虐;“飞,渡,洒,挂捐,飘转”写出秋风对茅屋的破坏。这样描绘为后文写屋漏遇雨,自己的境遇之惨蓄势。
2、杜甫一向关心人民疾苦,为什么这首诗中他却一反常态,只写他的个人遭遇,请你说说你的理解。
以小见大,推己及人,表现诗人忧国忧民的济世情坏。
白雪歌送武判官归京
岑参
北风卷地白草折,胡天八月即飞雪。忽如一夜春风来,千树万树梨花开。散入珠帘湿罗幕,狐裘不暖锦衾薄。将军角弓不得控,都户铁衣冷难着。瀚海阑干百丈冰,愁云惨淡万里凝。中军置酒饮归客,胡琴琵琶与羌笛。纷纷暮雪下辕门,风掣红旗冻不翻。轮台东门送君去,去时雪满天山路。山回路转不见君,雪上空留马行处。
1、请对“忽如一夜春风来,千树万树梨花开。”这两句诗作一赏析。
诗句以梨花喻冬雪,新颖奇特,让人在冰天雪地里如同置身大好春光中,一个“忽”字,既写出了塞外气候的变幻奇特,又表现了诗人见到奇丽雪景后的惊喜之情。2请描述“山回路转不见君,雪上空留马行处。”在你脑海中的画面。山路盘旋曲折,以看不见友人离去的身影,雪地上只留下马蹄的足迹。
己亥杂诗
龚自珍
白日斜,吟鞭浩荡离愁东指即天涯。落红不是无情物,化作春泥更护花。1诗人以浩荡修饰离愁,以白日斜烘托离愁,以天涯映衬离愁。
2这首诗写了诗人哪三种心境?离别的忧伤、回归的愉快、积极的人生态度
3请你对“落红不是无情物,化作春泥更护花。”略作赏析。
世人以拟人手法将落花写成有感情的,说是即使化作了春泥还要护花,用以比喻诗人虽辞官离京仍然要象落花变春泥再护花一样,对社会、对国家还要竭尽心力,比喻新颖,形象的表达了内心深处的炽热的爱国热情。
赠从弟 刘桢
亭亭山上松,瑟瑟谷中风。风声一何盛,松枝一何劲!冰霜正惨凄,终岁常端正。岂不罹凝寒,松柏有本性!
1、刘桢的《赠从弟》中,体现松树不畏严寒的本性的诗句是岂不罹凝寒,松柏有本性。
1、首联中的“亭亭”和颔联中的“一何”各有什么表达作用?
“亭亭”是“高耸的样子”写出了青松挺立风中的形象。两个“一何”,第一个突出风之大,第二个突出青松的雄健挺拔。
送杜少府之任蜀州 王勃
城阙辅三秦,风烟望五津。与君离别意,同是宦游人。海内存知己,天涯若比邻。无为在歧路,儿女共沾巾。
1、体会“风烟望五津”句中的“望”的深层含义。“望”,远远地看见。表明诗人时刻关注着友人所达的目的地,说明诗人对友人极为关切。
2、赏析“海内存知己,天涯若比邻”.自古以来,离别的诗作大多情感悲伤、基调低沉,而王勃的这两句诗则全无悲伤之情,写得昂扬乐观,能给朋友安慰和鼓励,这种对待离别的积极态度值得称道。
登幽州台歌 陈子昂
前不见古人,后不见来者。念天地之悠悠,独怆然而涕下!
1、这首诗抒发了诗人怎样的思想感情?表现了诗人生不逢时、怀才不遇、不能实现远大政治理想的悲凉、压抑感和孤独感。
2、“前不见古人,后不见来者”中的“古人”、“来者”具体指代的什么人? “古人”指古代惜才爱才的贤明君主;“来者”是指诗人以后的贤明君主。
《终南别业》王维
中岁颇好道,晚家南山陲。兴来每独往,胜事空自知。行到水穷处,坐看云起时。偶然值林叟,谈笑无还期。
1、思想感情:表现诗人隐居山间时悠闲自得的心境
诗人的形象如同一位不食人间烟火的世外高人
2、赏析“行到水穷处,坐看云起时”
云本来就给人以悠闲的感觉,也给人以无心的印象,通过这一行、一到、一坐、一看的描写,诗人此时心境的闲适也就明白地揭示出来了。
宣州谢朓楼饯别校书叔云 李白
弃我去者,昨日之日不可留;乱我心者,今日之日多烦忧。长风万里送秋雁,对此可以酣高楼。蓬莱文章建安骨,中间小谢又清发。俱怀逸兴壮思飞,欲上青天览明月。抽刀断水水更流,举杯消愁愁更愁。人生在世不称意,明朝散发弄扁舟。
1、这首诗题为“饯别”,但诗中并不直言离别,而是重笔抒发了作者怎样的心情? 诗中抒发年华虚度、壮志难酬的苦闷,盛赞汉代文章、建安风骨及谢朓诗歌的豪情逸兴,最后流露出消极处世的情绪。
2、结合实际,谈谈你对“抽刀断水水更流,举杯消愁愁更愁”的感悟。
两句运用比喻说明就好比用刀切断水流,结果水反而流得更急,用饮酒取醉的办法去解除忧愁是绝对不可能的,因为酒醉后反而更能引发内心的愁苦、愤懑。
3、谈谈你对“人生在世不称意,明朝散发弄扁舟”的理解。
最后两句是诗人对现实不满的激愤之词,李白长期处于不称意的苦闷之中,不得不寻求另一种超脱,即“散发弄扁舟”。逃避现实虽不是他的本意,但当时的历史条件和他不愿同流合污的清高放纵的性格,都使他不可能找到更好的出路。
早春呈水部张十八员外 韩愈
天街小雨润如酥,草色遥看近却无。最是一年春好处,绝胜烟柳满皇都。
1、谈一谈这首绝句所揭示的道理 一切美好的事物,最好的时节就是在它萌生的阶段,它正朝着极盛方向前进,给人以无限希望。
2、诗中的“天街小雨润如酥,草色遥看近却无”是作者经过细致地观察和体会才写出的,你能用自己的话描绘一下早春的景色么?
京城大道上空丝雨纷纷,它像酥酪般细滑润泽,远望草色朦朦胧胧,依稀连成一片,近看时却显得稀疏零星。
1、你还能写出其他关于早春的诗句吗?(写出两句)
几处早莺争暖树,谁家新燕啄春泥。白居易 不知细叶谁裁出?二月春风似剪刀。贺知章
无题 李商隐
相见时难别亦难,东风无力百花残。春蚕到死丝方尽,蜡炬成灰泪始干。晓镜但愁云鬓改,夜吟应觉月光寒。蓬山此去无多路,青鸟殷勤为探看。
1、这是一首咏叹忠贞爱情的诗歌,其中有一句是千古传诵的表现爱情坚贞的句子,你能写出来吗?现在多用来表现什么?
春蚕到死丝方尽,蜡炬成灰泪始干
形容奉献精神
2、人们认为“东风无力百花残”一句用了借景抒情的手法,你是如何理解的?
.既写自然环境,也是抒者心境的反映,物我交融,心灵与自然取得了精微的契合。表现了诗人无穷的惆怅与惋惜!
3、“蓬山此去无多路,青鸟殷勤为探看”一句中运用了传说,有何用意呢?
以仙侣比喻情侣,青鸟是一位女性仙人西王母的使者,蓬山是神话传说中的一座仙山,所以这里即一蓬山用为对方居处的象征,而以青鸟作为抒情主人公的使者出现。这个寄希望与使者的结尾,并没有改变“相间时难”痛苦境遇,不过是无望中的希望,前途依旧渺茫。诗已经结束了,抒情主人公的痛苦与追求还将继续下去。
相见欢 李煜
无言独上西楼,月如钩。寂寞梧桐深院锁清秋。剪不断,理还乱,是离愁,别是一般滋味在心头。
1、“剪不断,理还乱,是离愁”中的“离愁”具体指什么?
失掉故国的深愁长恨。
2、简析“无言独上西楼,月如钩,寂寞梧桐深院锁清秋”一句表现的愁苦之情。“无言独上西楼”,通过动作揭示人的思想感情,语言通俗明白,而又十分精炼准确。
“无言独上西楼”的“独”字看出词人没有君主应有的前呼后拥,没有欢乐热闹的气氛,李后主仇恨满怀,踽踽独上的形象跃然纸上,呈现眼前。“寂寞梧桐深院锁清秋”,这两句绘景,写后主所处的凄惨环境。他登上西楼,举头见新月如钩,钩起一段旧恨新仇;低头看桐荫深锁,锁住了满院清秋。凄凉的景物中,蕴含着深深的仇恨,景中有情,情溢景外。
3、文中“别是一般滋味在心头”一句中的这“滋味”是指何而言,为什么要称“别是”
指的是囚居的痛苦。因为这不是一般的阶下囚的感受,而是王国之君的哀愁别绪。
登飞来峰 王安石
飞来山上千寻塔,闻说鸡鸣见日升。不畏浮云遮望眼,自缘身在最高层。
1、这首诗的前两句使用了什么样的手法?有什么作用? 一句用夸张的手法极言塔高。第二句以“见日升”,从一个侧面衬写古塔高耸,直入云霄。两句都是写塔高,为下文直抒胸臆蓄势。
2、“不畏浮云遮望眼,自缘身在最高层。”表现了诗人什么样的感悟? 作者把抽象的事理寓于具体形象之中,借景抒怀,表明自己不畏艰难,对前途充满信心的情感。
苏幕遮
范仲淹
碧云天,黄叶地,秋色连波,波上寒烟翠。山映斜阳天接水,芳草无情,更在斜阳外!
黯乡魂,追旅思。夜夜除非,好梦留人睡。明月楼高休独倚。酒入愁肠,化作相思泪。
1、思想感情:
2、“黯乡魂,追旅思”一句中,“追”字用得巧妙,其本义是追随,在句中引申为纠缠,缠住不放的意思,生动表现了乡思旅愁(或羁旅乡愁)
的感情。
3、、展开想象,用生动的语言描绘“秋色连波,波上寒烟翠”这一画面。(50字左右)
碧蓝的天上漂浮着几朵白云,枯黄的树叶落满大地,这一望的秋色绵延到水边,水波上笼罩着翠绿的寒烟。