和谐作文(共61篇)作文网[精选5篇]

莎士比亚说过：书记是人类进步的阶梯。所以我想给大家推荐一本好书，我想推荐给大家的书是，《冒险小虎队之被诅咒的海底城堡》我相信许多人都看过《冒险小虎队》的系列图书，这是一些叙述智慧非凡的三个孩子破了警察都不明白的奇怪案件的科幻，破案的长，中，短篇小说。我相信看过的人都会喜欢。书中每一小段都有几个只要看懂前面的剧情，然后稍加思考就能得出问题的答案，且答案要用解密卡才能知道，让我们看书不只是看，而还会去思考，这样对我们更有用一些，所以一定要买来看看。

这本书写的是因为温室效应，多年之后，所有陆地生物都会被淹没，人类要生存就不得不到水里去，为了人能在水底呼吸，一个有钱的人偷偷在一个沉没的海底城堡里用人做实验制造人造腮的故事。后来三个孩子用他们的智慧勇敢与坏人们做斗争，他们在破案过程中有危险有时也会受伤，可是他们也不放弃，坚持不懈，最终将坏人绳之以法，让那些被用来做实验的人重新获得自由我只喜欢的主人公是路克坎平斯基，因为他是最会出主意的，他也是最聪明的一个。他虽然才11岁，可是他的智慧却让我们感到很震惊。作者是奥地利的作家托马斯布热齐纳，他是一个很棒的作家，他所写的文章生动形象而且都很有趣，所以我很喜欢他写的书，他所写的《冒险小虎队》就热销于这几个国家。

这就是我给大家推荐的书，希望大家能够去找来看一看。

《假如给我三天光明》读后感 170班刘芮含

她在逆境中不屈不挠，最后战胜了困难；她在人生的道路上，不畏艰险勇敢前进；她与命运顽强抗争，创造了奇迹;她是一个度过了88个春秋，却熬过了87年无光、无声、无语的岁月，凭着自己坚强的意志与对学习的热爱攀登上了知识的高峰；她，就是海伦·凯勒—

—一个生活在黑暗中却又给人类带来光明的女性。

海伦出生在一个幸福的家庭，可她却很不幸。在她出生的19个月后，一场意外的生病却让她永远的失去了光明和声音。无论是夜晚还是早晨，无论是白天还是黑夜，她的生活只剩下了黑暗，她再也看不见色彩斑斓的世界了；再也听不见动听的声音了。在没有光和声音的世界中，她唯一的感受只有宁静。就在海伦6岁零9个月的时候，莎莉文老师走进了她的生命，莎莉文老师就象是一把明亮的灯火，点亮了海伦·凯勒心中的那盏黑暗的灯，让海伦·凯勒成功的从黑暗走向了光明，懂得了爱与希望。海伦·凯勒在莎莉文老师的细心教导和父母的引导下，并且经过自己的不懈努力，顺利地考上了著名大学——哈佛大学。还掌握了英、法、德、拉丁和希腊五种文字。她始终致力于残疾人事业，为每一个残疾人加油鼓劲。最终成为了一名著名的慈善家、演讲家和教育家。我看完书后，深刻地认识到：一个人能不能取得成功，不在于条件的好坏，而在于有没有奋斗的精神。一个人只要有胸怀远大的理

想和奋斗目标，就会有无穷无尽的力量，创造条件，自己主宰自己的命运。海伦接受了命运的挑战，以惊人的毅力面对困境，用爱心去拥抱世界，终于在黑暗中找到了人生的光明，最后又把慈爱的双手伸向世界。既然一位残疾人都能取得这么伟大的成就，那我们这些健全人还有什么做不到的呢？

推荐《钢铁是怎样炼成的》一书 179班曹珈源

《钢铁是怎样炼成的》这部不一样的名著，它是我们成长的老师，也是人生的教科书。

此文中的主角保尔也就是以作者奥斯特洛夫斯基为原形来创作的。保尔因在学校学习时被神父无理侮辱而进行报复，结果被学校撵出学校。12岁到发电厂等处做工。16岁他加入了红军部队，此后勇敢作战。在一次战斗中受重伤，13天后才醒来，也懂得了生命意义和人的一生应当怎样度过。后来他投身到经济恢复，也酷受学习。他不但和自己的困苦作斗争，还和敌人作斗争，更同病魔斗。最后他全身瘫痪，双目失明，可是他精神支柱并没有倒，坚持创作，为此付出了自己一切力量。

它向我们提示了：钢铁是怎样炼成的，成长是需要怎样坚强的。它很适合我们班的现况。现在，我们班还是一气不振。各位同学在学习上落后于其它班，就应该去努力，更应该学习保尔在失明并残疾情况下勇于创作精神！我想我们不可能到那种程度，但是我们也是

试一试，努一把力！为老师、为父母、为自己争一口气。为美好的明天努一把力！

也许同学们还没有努力的精神或没有理解为何要努力。那就读一读此书，让我们明白——《钢铁是怎样炼成的》。

读书随笔

170班邓喜月

在这个世界上，书像天上的繁星，数不胜数；伟大的诗人杜甫说过，书籍是人类的营养品，俗话说；读书破万卷，下笔如有神。我曾经读过这样一本书叫;《做最好的自己》,这本书的作者叫李开复,这本书真的很有趣,作者是结合自己人生所经历过的事情写的。也是写给中国的青少年的，这本书我很喜欢，它所讲的内容就是帮助青少年们实现引导他们走向成功的方向。

作者李开复在书中写道；要时刻有着一种自信而积极的人生态度，去做最好的自己就是成功。拥有自信和积极的态度，的确是必不可少的，因为每个人的成功都是独一无二的，我们一生总是再做两件事情，一是追逐快乐，二是在逃避痛苦。每当我读到这里的时候，有时我就会对自己说，我一定要像作者李开复一样，只有改变自己的心态，改变自己的情绪，要尽自己最大的努力，做最好的自己，就可能成功的人士。我最喜欢书中的有一句话，真诚坦的人，才是值得信任的人。这一句话在这本书中给我留下了一个很深刻的印象。

我认这句话说的很有道理，因为如果失去了真诚，就很难得到信

任。作者李开复所说的这些道理为我打开了一扇门，一扇了解自己的门，他好像让我深深地走进了这本书的世界里，因它让我回味无穷。从这本书是我不仅学会了做人的道理，还学会了怎样做一个坚强的人。这本书告诉我，做人不是简单树立理想就可以轻松实现，但是没有理想的人一中那有趣的奥秘。定无所适从。我们总是再找各种借口，不是不会做，而是不想做，我们虽然不能改变环境，但我们可以改变自己，不可以改变过去但可以改变未来。看这本书，可以帮助自己点亮前方的道路，能让自己对自己更有信心，做最好的自己就要学会珍惜，相信，看重自己。做最好的自己，一步步迈向成功的道路。所以说，书籍可以把我们引入最美好的社会，使我们认识各个时代伟大的智者。书籍也是人类思想的宝库。因此；我们要多读书，多去了解那书。

读书随笔

丁婧媛 170 在上个月的读书活动中，我读了一本对我很有意义的文学作品：《梦幻薰衣草》。

第一次走进图书室，我四处打量着这儿：好几个大书架，上面放满了各式各样的;几排整整齐齐的桌椅。老师讲完要注意的问题后，我们就开始自由选书了。突然，我的目光落到一个角落里;这是一本紫色封面的书，图案里有我喜欢的薰衣草，那一片片深深浅浅的紫，看上去就觉得心旷神怡。

书的第一章是青春的时光。它教给我的，是坚持。书里的一句话篇二：读书笔记

读书笔记

友谊县第二小学周璇《名人传》读书笔记

《名人传》由法国著名作家罗曼·罗兰的《贝多芬传》、《米开朗琪罗传》和《托尔斯泰传》组成，它们均创作于二十世纪初期，无论在当时是在后世都产生了广泛的影响。在这三部传记中，罗曼·罗兰是紧紧把握住这三位拥有各自领域的艺术家的共同之处，着力刻画了他们为追求真善美而长期忍受苦难的心路历程。

书中写了三个世界上赫赫有名的人物。第一个是德国作曲家：贝多芬；另一个是意大利的天才雕刻家：米开朗基罗；最后一个是俄罗斯名作家：托尔斯泰。

在这本《名人传》中最令我感动的就是贝多芬的故事。贝多芬是个音乐天才，他的天分很早就被他的父亲发现了，不幸的是，贝多芬的父亲并不是一个称职的好父亲，他天天让贝多芬练琴，不顾及他的心情，一个劲儿的培训他，有时甚至把贝多芬和一把小提琴一起放进一个屋子里关起来，一关就是一整天，用暴力逼他学音乐。贝多芬的童年是十分悲惨的，他的母亲在他十六岁时就去世了，他的父亲变成了挥霍的酒鬼。这些不幸一起压到了贝多芬的头上，在他心中刻下了深深的伤痕，也因此导致他的脾气暴躁而古怪。但是贝多芬没有因此而沉沦，他把自己的全部精力，都投入到了自己所热爱的音乐事业中去了。由于他的天分和勤奋，很快地他就成名了。当他沉醉在音乐给他带来的幸福当中时，不幸的事情又发生了：他的耳朵聋了。对于一个音乐家而言，最重要的莫过于耳朵，而像贝多芬这样以音乐为生的大音乐家，却聋了耳朵，这个打击是常人所接受不了的。

贝多芬的一生是悲惨的，也是多灾多难的，但他为什么还能成功呢？为什么正常人做不到的事，他却能做到呢？这引起了我的深思。我认为，贝多芬之所以成功，是因为它有着超与凡人的毅力和奋斗精神。面对困难，他丝毫无惧。这就是他成功的秘诀。在日常生活中，我们遇到困难时，经常想到的就是请求他人的帮助，而不是直面困难，下定决心一定要解决。而贝多芬，因为脾气古怪，没有人愿意与他做朋友，所以，他面对困难，只能单枪匹马，奋力应战。虽然很孤独，却学会了别人学不到的东西：只要给自己无限的勇气，再可怕的敌人也可以打败。

读《名人传》，在首篇的引言中有这样一段话：“我们周围的空气多沉重。老大的欧罗巴在重浊与腐败的气氛中昏迷不醒，鄙俗的物质主义镇压着思想，阻挠着政府与个人的行动。社会在乖巧卑下的自私自利中而死，人类喘不过气来。打开窗子罢！让自由的空气重新进来！呼吸一下英雄们的气息。” 显然，罗曼·罗兰要用英雄主义的精神来矫正时代的偏向。在罗曼·罗兰看来，真正的英雄、真正的伟大是痛苦和孤独，是自我同无形物的抗争。在同一引言中他还说：“我称为英雄的，并非以思或强力称雄的人；而只是靠心灵伟大的人。”他正是紧紧抓住了英雄伟人痛苦的心灵，把战胜苦难作为衡量英雄的一把闪亮标尺。而他的《名人传》就是揭示人类历史上三位苦难英雄的心灵传记，他们是19世纪德国伟大音乐家贝多芬、文艺复兴时代意大利著名雕塑家米开朗琪罗、俄国文坛巨子托尔斯泰。他在《贝多芬传》的结尾这样写道： “一个不幸的人，贫穷、残废、孤独，由痛苦造成的人，世界不给他欢乐，他却创造了欢乐来给予世界；他用他的苦难来铸成欢乐，好似他用那句豪语来说明的——那是可以总结他的一生，可以成为一切英勇心灵的箴言：用痛苦换来欢迎。”确实，“用痛苦换来欢乐”正是罗曼·罗兰追踪贝多芬一生命运的视野，这句话构成了《贝多芬传》内在的紧张和扣人心魂的思想魅力之所在。是什么支持着贝多芬？是不向皇权低头的品质，是不被金钱收买的决心，是扼住命运咽喉的勇气！正是依靠着这些超凡的精神力量，贝多芬越过了人生的无数个痛苦险峰，达到了对人生最清醒的领悟。如果说《贝多芬传》是英雄主义的号召，是力的颂歌，那么《托尔斯泰传》则是一首安魂曲、一支哀歌，一阕送葬曲。贝多芬伟大的痛苦是因为他在人生的盛年遭到厄运，托尔斯泰伟大的痛苦在他自身主观意志的选择。《复活》是托尔斯泰暮年的又一部力作，罗曼·罗兰所说：“妻子、儿女、朋友、敌人都没有理解他，都认为他是堂·吉诃德，因为他们都看不见他与之斗争的那个敌人，其实这个敌人就是他自己。” “托尔斯泰，你是否依照你所宣扬的主义而生活！”他痛苦地回答：“我羞愧欲死，我是罪人，我应当被人蔑视。”终于，在82岁的暮年，托尔斯泰在一个寒冷的冬夜，独自逃出了家门，在一个无名的小城一病不起。弥留之际，他号啕大哭，对守在他周围的人们说道； “大地上千百万的生灵在受苦；为何大家都在这里只照顾一个列夫·托尔斯泰？” 其实，托尔斯泰发出的是对苍生的疑问，也是对痛苦心灵的回应，在这里我们分明又听到了贝多芬对生命的欢乐歌唱。这就是罗

曼·罗兰在《名人传》里留给我们的永恒的精神光芒。

《爱的教育》读书笔记

看了《爱的教育》这本书使我感受很深，它里面的内容写得十分真实，让我看得入神入肺。没有任何虚伪的说教，并且教会了我许多道理，所以，我特别喜欢爱看这本书。

《爱的教育》是阿米琪斯最著名的作品，1866年出版后即畅销不衰，目前已经有成为世界公认的文学名著。该书主要讲了：一个意大利四年级小学生安利柯的一年来的经历，描写了发生在学校、班级和家里的一个个感人至深的故事。父母对儿女的爱有多深呀！在学校老师的关怀和鼓励之下，同学之间互相帮助的氛围里，朋友间的关爱都无不流溢于纸上，真是动人心弦啊！

读书笔记 1.老人与海

我读了美国著名作家海明威的小说老人与海，十分佩服小说中老渔夫的意志，他让我懂得了一个人一定要有坚持不懈的精神，才能获得成功。小说描写的是一个年近六旬的老渔夫，在一次单身出海打鱼时，钓到了一条大鱼，却拉不上来。老渔夫同鱼周旋了几天后，才发现这是一条超过自己渔船数倍的大马林鱼，虽然明知很难取胜，但仍不放弃。后来又因大马林鱼伤口上的鱼腥味引来了几群鲨鱼抢食，但老人仍不愿就这样放弃，最终突出重围，将大鱼带回了渔港，让其他渔夫佩服不已。2.童年

这本书是作者真实生活的写照，高尔基根据自己的亲身经历，再现了黑暗统治下的孩子从觉醒到长大的苦难历程。阿廖沙是一个悲惨、可怜的小孩，他的童年是在外祖父家度过的，他的生活可不像我们现在这样幸福，充满阳光和爱。他的外祖父性情暴躁，贪婪、自私；两个舅舅也很自私、粗暴，这些都在年幼的阿廖沙的心里留下了深深的烙印。这本书让我了解到了当时沙皇统治时期的困苦生活，让我知道了现在的美好生活的来之不易。我们要珍惜现在的幸福生活，热爱生活，努力学习，用自己的能力和智慧把这个世界建设得更加美好。3.海底两万里

这几天，我看了一本海底两万里，这本书非常有意思。其中，我被海底两万里中的冰山这一节内容深深打动了。他们在南极地区航行，在回来的路上，不幸被冰山困住，但他们用自己的智慧拯救了自己的生命。多么惊心动魄的一刻啊！想想他们，在危险的情况下，他们头脑清醒，用智慧战胜了困难。那我呢？我从小到大都很胆小，而且在困难来临的时候没有勇气去面对、去战胜它。而海底两万里给了我一些勇气，我应该学习他们的那种不畏艰险的精神！海底两万里虽然只是一本冒险小说，但它却给了我许多的勇气，它让我勇敢地去面对现实，不能胆小怕事！4.假如给我三天光明

假如给我三天光明这本书记录的是海伦.凯勒一生的事。书中感人心腑的故事，总是在我受到困难和挫折是鼓励我，不要后退。海伦.凯勒从小就失去了听觉、视觉和甜美的声音。她也曾因自己的缺陷而放弃过，可她又很快振作起来。在莎莉文老师的帮助下，凭着超人的毅力，不但学会了说话，还学会了五种语言文字！她一生熬过了八十七个无声、无语、无光的孤独岁月！一个人只要胸怀大志，并不懈向着目标努力奋斗，就不会被一些客观条件束缚，你就会拥有无限的力量去实现它！坚贞不屈、不断进取的精神是海伦.凯勒所拥有的，我们——祖国的接班人更应该拥有这种美好的精神品质！6.居里夫人传

居里夫人传详细叙述了居里夫人的一生，也介绍了比埃尔-居里的事迹，着重描写了居里夫妇的工作精神和处事态度。书中引用了居里夫妇的许多信札和日记，书的最后还附录了居里夫人一生所得的奖金，奖章的情况以及罗列他所得的名誉头衔，是一本很翔实的个人纪录。在书中，我们可以看到居里夫人从来没有浪费时间，只有严谨的生活；没有享乐的懒散，只有英勇的奋斗；没有奸诈的人和事，只有和谐的空气；没有丑恶的画面，只有纯洁的灵魂---这是一本最精彩的历史人物传记。6.草房子

我不禁为书中的故事情节感动。桑桑在油麻地小学度过的精彩的六年使他目睹了，不幸的杜小康与厄运相拼时的悲惨，陆鹤对尊严的执着，和桑桑得鼠疫快要死时温幼菊的发自内心的鼓励??书中让我最感动的是杜小康面对破产时的坚强。他在学校门口卖东西时，他丝毫没有

显露出自卑。他的坚强让我惭愧。我们现在在家里人人都是“小公主”，衣来伸手，饭来张口。面对困难时，只是想别人来帮助自己。我知道了贫穷并不可怕，可怕的是你的胆怯。7.龟兔赛跑的故事，是一只乌龟和兔子赛跑，兔子因为跑到一半就睡觉了，没有比上乌龟，这个故事使我懂得了一个道理：做事不能做到一半就不做了，否则会一事无成。乌龟不怕困难，坚持下去才会成功得到了第一名我们要向乌龟学习，克服困难，坚持到底一定能成功。8.玫瑰与教育

我体会到读书的重要，作为教师更应做好“读书思考实践”。窦老师是一名语文教师，书中写的都是她教学生活中的随笔和感想，从书中我看到了她那淳朴、自然的人格魅力，心中盛满阳光，怀着一颗感恩心为人处事的窦老师。这本书中，窦桂梅并没有讲大道理，也没有罗列出许多原则和规律，而是选择了一个新的视角：从研究教学活动中的“细节”入手，从一些我们常常熟视无睹的“小事”入手，以小见大，见微知著，让读者自己去悟出“规律”.9.活了一百万次的猫

读完了这个故事，我想，为什么以前有那么多人爱过猫，猫都还是不在乎生死，讨厌那些生活呢？因为猫一直都不是自己的猫，而是别人的猫，它生了又死，死了又生，它一直不满足，它一直在寻找自己理想的生活，直到它遇到那只平凡的白猫，它终于找到了自己想要的生活。最后，白猫死了，白猫再也不可以复生，它觉得世界上再也没有一只猫可以替代白猫了，它愿意陪白猫去另一个世界生活，所以它陪着白猫死了，猫再也没有活过来。10.鲁滨逊漂流记

我读了笛福的鲁滨逊漂流记。我深深地被这本书所吸引，它让我体会到了鲁滨逊那惊人的毅力和百折不挠的精神。一个人在身陷绝境时，竟能对生活充满信心，使我认识到，不管遇到多大的困难，都要克服只有这样，才能像鲁宾逊那样，永远是一个胜利者篇四：读书笔记

读书笔记

班级

姓名

时间：

****年**月**日

星期篇五：读书笔记

读书笔记

心灵的宁静之道

心灵的宁静之道，一是要不受物役，不抱怨社会分配给你的东西不公平；二是要不为名累，想一想不仅身体，身后的名声也是过眼烟云；第三是也别人的恶所左右，不用他人的错误来惩罚自己。从容淡定，意味着时刻能保持好心情；谦虚谨慎，戒骄戒躁，意味着自己还有更广阔的境界，更宏大的作为，而在事业之余，对美好事物有更好的鉴赏力。

第四篇：作文网 Word 文档

刊登在作文网的作品如下：

两份试卷王淼文

宓柯欣已发表年级：五年级体裁：叙事作文 2013-11-15 考试需要诚信

心中的灯已发表年级：六年级体裁：话题作文 2013-11-14 王淼文

陈思宇已发表年级：五年级体裁：话题作文 2013-11-14 特殊的一节课

义气同桌已发表年级：五年级体裁：叙事作文 2013-11-14 应乐

罗馨瑜已发表年级：五年级体裁：写人作文 2013-11-14 【微作文】捣蛋

成语对对碰已发表年级：四年级体裁：话题作文 2013-11-14 王淼文

王淼文

岑杰

阮佳妮已发表年级：五年级体裁：叙事作文 2013-10-29 “吝啬”的爷爷已发表年级：五年级体裁：写人作文 2013-10-29 [PK赛]关于爱的作文：一次传币，一分诚信已发表年级：六年级体裁：话题作文 2013-11-01 [PK赛]关于爱的作文：生活，让我懂得了感恩

已发表年级：六年级体裁：话题作文 2013-11-01

[PK赛]关于爱的作文：爱心无价充满爱心的小女孩

自信开朗的三条杠

风来过了

木船**

王淼文应乐沈搏已发表年级：六年级体裁：话题作文 2013-11-01 已发表年级：五年级体裁：写人作文 2013-10-28 已发表年级：五年级体裁：写人作文 2013-09-27 林文垒岑杰已发表年级：二年级体裁：写景作文 2013-08-08 已发表年级：六年级体裁：话题作文 2013-08-07

有趣的你演我猜王振宇

已发表年级：五年级体裁：叙事作文 2013-08-07

心有灵犀一点通

这段木头里有虫

谁是卧底

岑杰已发表年级：五年级体裁：叙事作文 2013-08-07 沈子博岑杰

沈紫仪沈搏沈搏王承恩宓湛挺已发表年级：六年级体裁：话题作文 2013-08-07 已发表年级：五年级体裁：叙事作文 2013-08-06 猜猜橡皮在谁手已发表年级：五年级体裁：叙事作文 2013-08-06 都是“烟头”惹的祸小猫咪咪已发表年级：五年级体裁：话题作文 2013-08-04 已发表年级：五年级体裁：状物作文 2013-08-04 两面派的妈妈已发表年级：二年级体裁：写人作文 2013-07-31 他留在了我的记忆中

感恩的心

雨中一点红已发表年级：五年级体裁：写人作文 2013-07-31 宓柯欣岑杰

王晶晶已发表年级：五年级体裁：话题作文 2013-07-25 已发表年级：六年级体裁：叙事作文 2013-07-21 贪吃懒惰的小黄狗神奇的声音已发表年级：五年级体裁：状物作文 2013-07-21 王承恩王承恩王承恩王承恩已发表年级：三年级体裁：写景作文 2013-07-21 顽强的仙人球云已发表年级：二年级体裁：状物作文 2013-07-21 已发表年级：二年级体裁：写景作文 2013-07-21 打篮球

已发表年级：三年级体裁：叙事作文 2013-07-08

第五篇：英语作文网

英语四级作文范文

时间:2009-05-07 14:00作者: 点击:

7700次

写作的重要性 6分最低限，只要结构不出错，得分应该为9分。评判作文

四级考试作文主要看内容、结构、语言三个方面。

内容不跑题即可，注意：1.不要妄图以情动人；2.不要妄图在构思上出奇制胜。结构上牢记总分总：先写主题句(Topic Sentence)，再写分论点，最后写总结句(Conclusion)。

语言最重要，往往使评分产生重大差异，语言要模仿和包装。基本表达

人们认为：it is generally/ widely believed/ held/ agreed that 越来越：be increasingly + adj., be on the rise, the growing number of 万能理由（Omnipotence）

1.方便：convenient/ convenience 2.效率：efficient/ efficiently/ efficiency 3.节省和浪费：save time/ money/ space;economical, thrift waste time/ money/ space;costly, lavish 4.人的心理健康：independent, cooperative, competitive, considerate, confident, creative, sociable, perseverance;selfish, isolated, conserative 5.人的身体健康：health, disease, strong, strength, energetic 6.娱乐：colorful, pleasure,joy, recreation, entertainmentm, relax tired, boring, lonely 7.环境：environment, pollute, poisonous, dirty 8.安全和危险：safe, danger, risk 9.经验：experience, social experience, enter the society 10.人际：humane, fair, unfair, help, assist, freedom, freely 写完之后修改注意：（内容方面尽量不要修改）

1、字母大小写

2、怪符号

3、单词拼写

4、主谓一致

5、动词时态

6、名词单复数实例一

题目：Bicycles――An Important Means of Transport in China提纲：（1）为什么自行车在中国这样普及（2）和汽车的比较（3）自行车在中国的前途 Score: 8 Bicycle is an important means of transport in China.The important reason of it is the economy of Chinese.The use of bicycle in China is widely because people in China have not high wage.They can only afford a bicycle, and they have no money to buy a car which is too expensive.So Chinese usually buy a bicycle, and use it to go to work, or go to travel and so on.The other reason is the large population of China.All these made the bicycle become the important means of transport.The bicycle, compared to the car, is not too expensive and it is easy to learn and to use and it can save the surface of putting it.It doesn’t ask to build the garage like car.This point is very important to China, because of the lack of land.It isn’t too expensive, so Chinese can afford it.It doesn’t need any oil, and it can’t cause the polusion.All of these are the good needs compared to the car.In the future, bicycle will be widely used.And it will be in good demand.People will produce much more modern bicycles.Score: 14 Bicycles are very popular in China.Almost every family in the city has two or three bicycles.During the rush hour, you can see that thousands of people--man and woman, old and young--ride their bicycles to work and study.That is why China is called “the kingdom of bicycles”.注：1.第一句总写，第二句和第三句分写，最后总写。2.During the rush hour 分词结构开头。3.破折号内容为同位语,句式多变化。

Compared with cars, bicycles are superior in many ways.First, they are cheap, convenient and easy to ride.Second, riding bicycle is good for health.Third, they bring no noise nor air pollution.Though cars are faster and more comfortable, they are too expensive.They consume plenty of oil and they pollute the air.Sometimes, it is difficult for a driver to park his car.Moreover they often cause traffic jams and accidents.注：1.Compared with cars 分词结构开头。

2.be superior to/ be inferior to 优于/ 低于

3.thirst, second, third 英语语言有层次感，信号词 4.cheap 便宜，最好用inexpensive 5.be good for health 对健康有好处（万能理由）6.Moreover 表示递进

In my opinion, the future of bicycle is very promising.Since China is a developing country and has a large population, I think, riding bicycle is appropriate to Chinese present conditions.It will be an important means of transportation for quite a long time.注：promising 有前途的 a promising young man Score: 11 There millions of bicycles in today’s China.Bicycles are very important means of transport in people’s daily lives.Because to ride a bicycle is very simple, to buy a bicycle will not cost so much money, to park a bicycle needs just a small room and to ride a bicycle does not need oil but the rider’s strength, bicycles are popular all over the world, especially in China.注：第一句应该用there be结构

Compared with a car, a bicycle is much cheaper.It is more suitable for China as a developing country.And a bicycle has almost caused no pollution but a car has.On the contrary, a bicycle is too slow, it costs more times than a car.I think the population of China’s bicycle will be kept for the long run.Because it will be replaced by a car, a bus and so on in some developed areas in China, and it will be made a wide use in the developing areas in China, the number of bicycles in China will be the same as today but I believe that it’s quality will be improved.I、对比观点选择题：1.有人认为„„； 2.另外一些人认为„„； 3.谈谈你的观点和看法。（最好写成4段）实例二 99年6月真题

Reading Selectively Or Extensively? Outline: 1.有人认为读书要有选择2.有人认为应当博览群书 3.我的想法

How should we read? Should we read selectively or extensively? Everyone has his own view.Some people think we should read selectively.They argue that with the development of modern science and technology, more and more books are published.It is impossible for us to read all the books.What’s more, there are many bad books that are poisonous to our mind, and we shouldn’t read them.Since we can’t read all the books and we shouldn’t read bad books, we must read selectively.But others may not agree, they emphasize that today's society is not what it was.If one man has many kinds of knowledge, he will have more chances to succeed.If a man knows much in one field but knows nothing in other fields, he may be useless.Since we must have many kinds of knowledge, we must read extensively.Who’s right? I think both of them have something right.But I think we should read extensively first.We should read books in many fields, and read selectively in one field.典型的对比观点选择题的文章逻辑结构：

（启）Paragraph I：（1）引出将要评论的事物或者是观点；（2）简明扼要的提出人们在这个问题上的两种不同看法。Score: 14分

How should we read? Should we read selectively or extensively? Everyone has his own view.（启）

注：第一句提出问题，第二句提出两种见解典型的对比观点选择题的文章逻辑结构：（承）Paragraph II：（1）提出一种观点或优点；（2）本段的支持性分论点；（3）本段总结（可以省略）。

Some people think we should read selectively.They argue that with the development of modern science and technology, more and more books are published.It is impossible for us to read all the books.What’s more, there are many bad books that are poisonous to our mind, and we shouldn’t read them.Since we can’t read all the books and we shouldn’t read bad books, we must read selectively.（承）注：1.本段总分总结构

2.they argue that = they think that 3.with the development of...随着„„的发展 4.what's more 递进关系，moreover 5.bad = pornographic 色情的 & violent 暴力的典型的对比观点选择题的文章逻辑结构：（转）Paragraph III：（1）承上启下的过渡句；（2）提出另一种观点或缺点；（3）本段的支持性分论点（4）本段总（可以省略）。

But others may not agree, they emphasize that today's society is not what it was.If one man has many kinds of knowledge, he will have more chances to succeed.If a man knows much in one field but knows nothing in other fields, he may be useless.Since we must have many kinds of knowledge, we must read extensively.（转）注：1.But 转折词（信号词）

2.they emphasize that = they think that 3.today's society is not what it was 现代社会今昔非比 4.许多知识 a wide range of knowledge/ a large scope of knowledge/ much knowledge；

获取知识 acquire/ get knowledge 5.knows nothing→little；he may be useless→he may not be of great use to the society 后者比前者更委婉

典型的对比观点选择题的文章逻辑结构：（合）Paragraph IV：（1）平衡两种看法；（2）给出自己的观点。

Who’s right? I think both of them have something right.But I think we should read extensively first.We should read books in many fields, and read selectively in one field.（合）Score: 11分

When it comes to reading, some people think that reading selectively is a good way, but some other people do not agree with them, they think that reading extensively is better.注：结构非常好，可以套用。

Those people, who think that reading selectively is better, believe that good books are as many as bad books.Those good books can give us pleasure and knowledge, while those bad books can only lead us to the wrong way.So, they suggest that we should only choose the good books to read and never touch the bad books.注：1.“people, who...,”应去掉逗号，改为限制性定语从句。2.as many as bad books 改为 as many as bad ones 3.lead us to the wrong way 改为 lead sb.astray 4.they suggest that = they think that 5.touch 碰（闪光点词汇：如教材P7：shouldering the responsibility of doing sth.肩负起责任）

But, the other people, who hold that reading extensively is better, think that one kind of books can only give us one aspect of knowledge.Even the best book only contains one field of information.So, they can easily come to the conclusion that “to know more, to read more”.So they believe that reading extensively is better.注：1.hold 认为同样表示“think”的词还有argue, emphasize, believe, suggest, claim, insist, maintain, agree, hold 2.the best book 在西方国家是“圣经”的意思 3.to know more, to read more 错误，中式英语

To my point, we should choose good books to read and read good books as many as possible.By this way, we can increase the quality and quantity of reading.范文22.Is Television a Blessing or a Curse? Now, it is generally accepted that television plays an important part in people’s lives.But, there is an ongoing heated discussion as to whether television is a blessing or a curse.注：it is generally accepted that 人们通常认为

As is often pointed out by some people, television keeps one better informed about current events, allows one to follow the latest developments in politics and science, and offers an endless series of programs which are both instructive and stimulating.The most distant countries, the strangest customs and the most attractive scenes of nature are brought right into one’s room.注：1.As is often pointed out by some people = Some people think that 2.“使„„”不用make，而用keep, allow, offer However, other people insist that television is a curse rather than a blessing.They argue that it has brought about many serious problems.The major one is its effects on young people.They are now so used to getting their information, education and entertainment from television that their literacy as well as physical ability has been greatly weakened.Even worse than that, vulgar commercials and indecent programs may cultivate their bad tastes, distort their viewpoints towards human life to such a degree that their minds might be corrupted.In summary, television has both advantages and disadvantages.Whatever effects it has, one thing is certain, television in itself is neither good nor bad.It is the uses to which it is put that determines its value to society.范文5.Travelling People who like travelling have their reasons.They maintain that travelling can help them expand their scope of knowledge, especially geographical and historical learning.They go on to point out that touring will provide more chance for them to enjoy food and try on clothes that they otherwise cannot possible have.注：geographical and historical 押尾韵，如：押头韵 clear & clean Those who dislike travelling have their reasons.They would argue that travelling means a considerable amount of money and energy.For example, traffic and accommodation require money and walking while seeing sights often tires you.In practice, travelling does more good than harm.If your finance and health permit, you might as well do some travelling from time to time.It will at least enable you to get familiar with people and things that you will probably grow to like and love.注：1.in practice = I think 2.does more good than harm 好处比坏处多，其他表达方法：be superior to/ inferior to 比如：the advantages are superior to the disadvantages 3.enable 使范文1.Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary? A test of spoken English will be included as an optional component of the College English Test(CET).Some people argue that it is absolutely necessary to hold a test of spoken English in China because we have been informed frequently that a Chinese student who has been learning English for over ten years cannot even communicate with a native speaker.Sometimes even those top students who excel in grammar and writing skills find their English inadequate to express their thoughts freely.A test of English will bring the college students an awareness of the importance of oral English, and will thus help them with their communicating skills.使句子具有表现力的手段：

1、用形容词修饰名词；

2、副词修饰动词、副词修饰形容词

On the other hand, some others still maintain that a good command of reading and writing skills will be enough for the English learners.To some extent their opinion derives from the fact that students are already under considerable pressure from their opinion derives from the fact that students are already under considerable pressure from their coursework.Another required test will only add to their burden.Moreover, some students may take the shortcut by focusing on several guessed questions according to the fixed format of the test, hoping for a coincidence to bring them good luck.In my opinion, a test of spoken English will do more good than harm.Since China will continue its policy of opening and reform, the ability to speak English fluently is a must for anyone who wants to surpass others in a highly competitive society.Whether I take the test or not, I shall spare no efforts to practice oral English in the remaining years of my college study.范文21.Should smoking be banned? Should smoking be banned? Answers to this question vary greatly.Some people are in favor of the idea of smoking.They always say that it can get rid of the tiredness and make them refreshed.And they also say that giving and being given cigarettes is a sign of friendship.Therefore, they carry cigarettes with them wherever they go.注：1.vary greatly 许多种2.be in favor of = agree/ be of the opinion that 3.get rid of the tiredness and make them refreshed 使人神清气爽 4.Giving and being given 给与被给。主、被动关系在英文中用现在、过去分词表达。

But other people consider it very harmful to people’s health.They have heard the official reports that one person in the world dies from smoking every second.And they have heard the doctor’s warning that smokers are more likely to have lung cancer and to increase their chances of having heart attack.In addition, smoking pollutes the air and may cause fire accidents.Thus it has become a major threat to people’s life and property.注：1.They have heard the official reports that...官方报告表明..2.be more likely to 更有可能，更容易3.chance 可能

There is some truth in both arguments, but human’s life and property outweighs anything else.If smoking brings us illness and death, why not have it banned by the government? Without cigarettes, can’t we come up with better ways to express our friendship and to make us refreshed?注：1.outweigh 比„„重要，同样的表达：be superior to/ be inferior to。overweight 超重2.最后用两句反问句结尾，非常精妙。课后作业 Private Cars 写成4段的首段写法：

In recent years, with fast economic growth, private cars have appeared in many families in China.People's attitude toward private cars varies widely.② With the increase in the general standard of living, some ordinary Chinese families begin to afford a private car.Yet, people's opinions of private cars vary from person to person/ public attitude toward it varies greatly/ widely./ is quite of the contrary./ differs sharply.③ In recent few years, the phenomenon/ issue/ problem of owning a private car has been brought to public attention/ in the limelight.People's views on/ opinions of owing a private car vary widely.写成3段的首段写法：

With the development of modern society/ science and technology, / With the improvement of people's living standard, more and more people can own private cars.cars are entering ordinary families.the growing number of people/ people in ever increasing numbers can have access to private cars.(此句是引言)支持段的主题句：

Some people claim that/ As is pointed out that/ It is generally believed that/ It is widely accepted that, there are some advantages of owning a private car.There is no doubt that private cars benefit people hugely.支持段的分论点：

① 方便 First, private cars provide people with the most convenient form of transportation.② 舒适 Second, it is comfortable for people to travel in, especially in changeable weather/ raining days/ sand storm.③ 炫耀 Third, only a private car can show a person's social status/ achievement/ success/ prosperity in his or her career.否定段的主题句：① However(Nonetheless/ Nevertheless/ But), there are some disadvantages of owing a private car/ Every coin has two sides.② While enjoying the convenience that private cars bring us, we should not ignore the problem they create/ produce/ introduce/ make.③ Despite/ In spite of/ For all the advantages, they brings their own disadvantages/ problems/ negative effects ④ Like anything else, private cars also have their own weakness/ limits.⑤ However, private cars are not without shortcomings/ faults.⑥ Yet other speak of the problems private cars have brought.They complain that......⑦ However, private cars may also bring with it problems our society had not previously faced.⑧ Despite the increase in efficiency and convenience generated by private cars, the changes they bring could very well lead to potentially adverse consequences.否定段的分论点： ① 占有空间 On the one hand, private cars take up/ occupy too much space.② 交通事故 On the other hand, a driver should be careful/ cautious while driving, otherwise, car accidents are more likely to happen.③ 污染环境 What's more/In addition, private cars give off/ discharge/ release CO which pollute the environment/ air.注意：所谓上义词是指抽象、概括和笼统的，就是比较superordinate的词；而下义词就是具体的东西，即subordinate的东西。第四段（总结段）的写法：

① Despite all the disadvantages mentioned above, I still think that the advantages outweigh/ are greater than the disadvantages.As for the above problem, I'm sure they will be settled by the scientists in the future/ It is only a matter of time for the problems to be solved.② Unquestionably, the challenge of private cars means we all should consider how we can control them, so that they will not control us.③ Whether the private cars are a blessing or a curse is a difficult question to answer, yet the desire for the comfort and independence a private car can bring will not be elminated.④ Anyway/ Anyhow/ In any case, whether the effect is good or bad, one thing is certain: private cars have changed and will continue to change the way of our transportation, our leisure and our life.选择题型变体逻辑结构（My View on Sth.）选择性观点的变体的文章写作逻辑结构：

Paragraph I:（1）引出将要评论的事物或者是观点；（2）简明扼要的提出人们在这个问题上的两种不同看法。

Paragraph II:（1）提出作者观点（本文主题句）；

（2）举例加以论证。

Paragraph III:（1）总结全文（再次强调作者观点）范文17.My View on Fate There is no consensus of opinions among people as to the view of fate.Some people believe that everyone is born to a certain that he can not change, while some other people think that every man is the master of his own life.注：1.consensus 相同意见

2.第一句话可以套用，如范文18：There is no consensus of opinions among people as to the view of wealth.3.while 轻微转折和对比，强转折用词but, however 4.master 主人 As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion.There is a saying, “Everyone is the architect of his own future.” Which means one’s fate is decided in his own hands.In fact, no one is destined to a certain fate in his or her life.Those who claim that they were born to fail or be unlucky just can’t realize how much inner strength and ability they have.We must depend on ourselves to changes our lives and make us successful and happy.注：1.第一句as far as与I agree重复，把后半句改为the latter opinion seems more reasonable。

2.architect 建筑师，archor 弓箭手

3.In fact 前后是转折关系，之前从正面阐述，之后从反面阐述范文17.My View on Fate（续）

Let’s take Helen Keller, an extraordinary American woman, for example.When she was only 19 months old, she became blind and deaf.Instead of accepting her misfortune helplessly, she showed great courage and unconquerable spirit in fighting against her destined fate and was awarded the President’s Medal of Freedom in 1964 because of the achievements she had made for helping the blind, the deaf and the speechless.This story tells us that a wise man is always creating his own fate rather than waiting for good luck.注：1.本段开始举例

2.Let's take„„for example 中间是插入语，表示强调，举例不宜太长。

In conclusion, I believe that everyone is born equal and is the builder of his own fate We can have good fortune only if we take pains and work hard.We should bear the following saying in mind, “Every man is the master of his own fate.”

注：bear sth.in mind：把„„牢记在心范文13.The Way to Success 第二段：Strong will, perseverance and diligence are the three essentials of success.A man of strong will and perseverance always has an inflexible spirit.He sticks to his cause no matter how tough it might be.Dr.Sun Yat-sen was such a man.Many of his attempts failed, but he held to his purpose with firmness and finally succeeded in overthrowing the Qing Dynasty.Diligence means steadiness in one’s work and study.Su Qin stabbed himself in order to keep attentive to studies.Marx often worked 15 hours a day.Life is short and we have many things to do.Without diligence no one can achieve anything.II、社会热点话题写作逻辑结构

Paragraph 1:(1)概括性的引出要评论的事物或观点（general）；(2)具体描述这个事物或者观点（或者是我对这个现象/ 事物的基本看法specific）。

Paragraph 2:(1)作者对该现象货问题的基本看法，即文章的论点句；(2)支持性的细节分论点（至少两点）；(3)本段总结（可以省略）。

Paragraph 3:(1)总结全文，定下结论（通常为我的对策或看法）。四级作文试题2000年1月 Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic How I Finance my College Education.You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline(given in Chinese)below: 1.上大学的费用（tuition and fees）可以通过多多种途径解决。2.哪种途径适合我（说明理由）。How I Finance My College Education How I Finance My College Education 第一段：首先，应该是用一种描述性的语言引出讨论的重点：

Nowadays/ At present/ Currently/ These days/ Today, tuitions and fees for college students are 【more expensive】 much higher than ever before.How to finance my college education has become a matter of concern.第二段：有多种的方法，例如：1.向父母;2.银行贷款 3.打工挣钱第二段主题句：There are many ways to support my college education financially./ Ways to support my university study financially vary greatly/ are various.第二段分写：

In the first place, I can get/ gain/ obtain all the money from my parents.In the second place, I can apply for/ ask for a bank loan, especially set up/ established for college students/ undergraduates.What’s more, I can find a part time job to earn enough money.第三段：我所赞同的方法（阐述原因，为何不选其他的方法）。Personally/ As far as I’m concerned/ In my opinion/ From my point of view/ To my way of thinking/ As I see it, I prefer the bank loan for the following reasons.For one thing, my parents are not rich enough to afford me.For another, I will not have enough time and energy to study after finishing my part-time/ temporary/ odd jobs.In addition, I believe I can hunt a rewarding/ dream job after graduation, and then I will be able to pay off/ pay back/ return/ give back.Therefore /So /Hence,.....使文章富有表现力的手段：

1、使用有难度的词汇；

2、使用形容词修饰名词，用副词修饰动词或整个句子；

3、使用被动语态；

4、使用倒装句；(not only...but also...；only...)

5、尽可能地使用名词，而不是习惯中的动词和形容词。绿化我们的城市第一段：

近年来，随着工商业的迅猛发展，许多大城市中树木的数量大幅度降低。人们作出各种努力防止树木被砍伐，但是，认识到绿化城市也同样重要。普通版

Recently, with the development of businesses and industries, more and more trees have disappeared in big cities.We have tried our best to prevent people from cutting trees.But, it is important to realize to make our cities green.润色版

In contemporary society, while our industries and businesses have experienced a(n)rapid/ fast/ amazing/ marked/ fantastic development, the number of trees in many large cities has declined/ decreased/ reduced sharply/ dramatically.Although remarkable efforts have been exerted to prevent more trees from being cut, the realization of making cities greener is still of great importance.注：区分industry 和 industrial 绿化我们的城市（续）第二段：

绿化城市会带来很多好处。其一，绿化城市能够净化空气。科学研究已经证明树木通过吸收作用可以降低大气中碳化合物的含量。其二，它能够美化城市。到处是花草树木，我们会欣然地感到自己置身于美丽的花园中。最后，绿化城市能够带来大量木材，这是解决自然资源短缺的有效办法。普通版

There are many advantages in making cities greener.First, it makes our air clean.Scientific research has proved that trees can reduce a great amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere through absorption.Second, it adds to the beauty of our cities.With trees and flowers everywhere, there is a pleasant feeling that we live in a beautiful garden and are closer to nature.Finally, it will bring us a lot of timber.And this is an effective way to solve the problem of lack of natural resources.润色版 What benefits can the program of making cities greener bring to us? First, the air will be cleaner.Scientific experiments have already proved that trees can reduce air pollution by producing a lot of oxygen.This will improve the quality of the urban environment.Second, our cities will look more beautiful.Just imagine the city which is full of trees and flowers.What an attractive garden it is!What’s more, by making cities greener, we can provide our industry with timber the precious natural resources.绿化我们的城市（续）第三段：

绿化城市需要全国人民共同努力，人们不仅要广泛认识到城市绿化对城市环境的贡献，还应该同心协力栽植更多的树木并保护它们不受商业使用的侵犯。普通版

Making cities greener requires people’s efforts all over the country.And people should not only realize that it is important to make cities greener for its contribution to urban environment, but also plant trees and protect them from being used in business.润色版

Making cities greener requires more than widespread awareness;it calls for an immediate commitment to planting more trees and growing more flowers.(Making cities greener requires the whole nation’s efforts.And not only should most people gain the awareness of the significant contribution of making cities greener to urban environment, but also make a commitment to the protection of more trees against business.)句型变化 A.(1)We can imagine the beautiful surroundings.(2)There are many trees along the streets.(3)There is a clean river in the city.(4)There are many fishes in the river.(5)There are willow trees on the one side.(6)There are some pieces of grassland on the other side.(7)There are many flowers on them.B.(1)Just imagine the beautiful surroundings if we have made our cities greener.(2)Green trees line the streets.(3)A clean river winds through the city, in which a lot of fishes abound.(4)On the one side stand rows of willow trees.(5)On the other side lies a stretch of grassland sprinkled with many yellow and red flowers.1.There be...1)a.There are fewer and fewer citizens who like to see films.b.Films are now losing their appeal for many citizens.2)a.There are many people who complain of severe housing shortages.b.Housing shortages become the source of great complaint.2.If 1)a.If you compare the two methods carefully, you will find the difference.b.Careful comparison of the two methods will show you the difference.2)a.If we only apply book knowledge, we will not get good result.b.The application of book knowledge alone will not bring you good result.3)a.If there is no pollution, man can certainly survive.b.Man can certainly survive in the world where there is no pollution.3.In order to 1)a.In order to prevent the problem becoming too serious to solve, we must take an immediate step.b.An immediate step must be taken before the problem becomes too serious to solve.2)a.In order to build a stable and prosperous nation, people should make new efforts.b.New efforts will bring...4.More and more 1)a.More and more people now prefer to stay at home and watch TV.b.People in ever increasing numbers prefer to stay at home and watch TV.2)a.More and more people who become more and more rich can afford a motorcycle.b.The growing number of people who become increasingly rich can now afford a motorcycle.3)a.More and more teenagers smoke cigarettes in recent years.b.Teenage smoking is on the rise/ increase/ decrease/ decline in recent years.4)a.More and more teachers are needed with the development of economy.b.There is an increasing demand for teachers with the development of economy.5)a.More and more trees have disappeared in the city.b.There is a sharp decline in the number of trees in the city.社会热点话题

写作练习：Jobs for Graduates 1)大学生难找工作 2)原因很多 3)解决的办法 With the fantastic development of modern society, people in ever increasing numbers have access to tertiary education（高等教育）.As a result, job-hunting is now becoming headache for most graduates.范文23：Nowadays, college graduates come to realize that it is not easy to get a rewarding job.Most/ Many of them can not get a job right after graduation.The job market for college students/ graduates is getting tighter and tighter.According to a survey, only 80% of college graduates of the class of 2002 found jobs the year they graduated, compared with 95% in 2000.Why do college graduates find it increasingly difficult to get jobs? 第二段细节论证分析原因：

1、Among the most convincing/ important reasons given/ cited/ offered/ identified by people for this problem/ phenomenon, one should be stressed/ emphasized/ mentioned...2、One may regard/ see/ view/ think of the trend/ increase/ phenomenon as a sign of/ result of/ response to/ reaction to...3、The increase/ change/ failure/ success in...mainly/ largely/ partly results from/ arises from is due to/ owing to/ attributable to the fact that/ several factors...Several years ago, many students were enrolled in/ admitted to/ taken in/ matriculated popular major, so that the supply is superior to/ outweigh/ exceeds the demand.Many graduates are reluctant to work in the remote areas/ western provinces/ developing areas/ less developed country.Graduates without working experiences are now losing their appeal for many international cooperations, such as...国家制定法律法规个人接受教育

III、图表题（table, bar graph, pie chart, line graph）图表题的写作逻辑结构：

Paragraph I:（1）概括描述图表：趋势描写；

（2）具体描述图表：必要数据支持（细节性）。Paragraph II:（1）提出自己理由和观点（本段主题句）；

（2）细节性分论点（主要是原因，用于支持自己的观点，至少两点）。

Paragraph III:（1）预测未来和提出解决方法；

（2）总结全文和表达作者自己观点【标题】Changes in People’s Diet

Directions: Write a three-paragraph composition to: 1.State the changes in people’s diet in the past five years.2.Give possible reasons for the changes.3.Draw your own conclusion.You should quote as few figures as possible.【短文】Changes in People’s Diet

In the past five years there have been many changes in people’s diet.Grain, as the main food of most Chinese, is now playing a less important role, while the proportion of some high-energy foods, such as milk and meat, has increased.What has caused these changes? I think there are two reasons.First, people now have more money.The price of meat and milk is much higher than that of grain, so in the old days people couldn’t afford them.Now they have enough money to buy both meat and milk.Second, people nowadays pay more attention to the elements of their diet.They look for a well-balanced diet that will be good for their health.In short, there have been changes in people’s diet in the past five years because of financial and health reasons, and there will be further changes in the future 【修改版】

As can be seen from the table, the past five years has witnessed dramatic changes in people’s diet.Grain, as the staple food of most Chinese, is now playing a less important role in their diet, while the consumption of high quality food such as meat, milk and fruit has greatly increased.There are two factors leading to the change.For one thing, people now enjoy a higher standard of living.In the old days few families could afford meat and milk every day, which often meant a big chunk of the family income.But now people have enough money to taste a rich verity of foods.For another, people of today attach more attention to nutrition.They are not merely content to fill the stomach.They are seeking the most reasonable diet which will do good to their health.In a word, with people’s standard of living getting higher and higher, changes in their diet will be more obvious and greater.图表题的适用句型：

1.As we can see from the chart/ graph/ table/ diagram,...2.The chart/ graph shows/ displays that...3.As can be shown in the table..., 4.The figures/ statistics in the chart reflect/ show/ reveal that..., 5.It is clear/ apparent from the chart/ table that...V、谚语格言题逻辑结构

Paragraph I：（1）点明要阐释的谚语或名言（general）；

（2）用自己的话解释这一谚语或名言的意思，有时有正反两面的逻（specific）。

Paragraph II：（1）作者对该谚语或名言的观点态度，即文章的论点句；

（2）支持性的细节分论点，举例子论证（至少两点，有时有正反两面的逻辑）；

Paragraph III：总结全文，定下结论（通常为阐明其现实或更深远意义）。Practice Makes Perfect Practice is the key to success in all fields of activity.It is practice alone which enables us to build up speed and efficiency.When we accomplish something perfectly without wasting effort, this is the result of long practice.【改写为】An English proverb says/ One of the greatest men once remarked/ Nearly every civilization has its own equivalent to the proverb: “Practice makes perfect”.It means that/ In other words, it is practice alone which enables us to build up speed and efficiency.When we accomplish something without wasting effort, this is the result of long practice.Practice Makes Perfect（续）Take the study of English for example.Only practice can enable us to spell words correctly and master the rules of grammar.And it is only through practice that we can become fluent in speaking and writing, there is no other way.Another good example is sports.Practice is the only way to become stronger and run faster.Besides, in team games practice is what improves our sense of cooperation and helps the team to win.【改写为】History/ Our society abounds with the examples of “Practice makes perfect”.......（正反两方面都举例子）On the other hand/ On the contrary, no practice will only lead us to failure.There is hardly/ scarcely a man who can achieve success without practice.All evidence points to/ justifies/ lends supports to the fact that practice is the key to success in all fields of activity.举例一般为：英语学习；体育锻炼

To sum up, there can be no achievement which is not based on a solid foundation of practice.【改写为】For us college students, the saying/ proverb has a profound and realistic significance: there can be no achievement which is not based on a solid foundation of practice 课后复习（self-study Program）

1、课堂讲解内容：体会用词艺术和丰富的句式

2、写作练习：2002年6月真题（Student Use of Computers）

3、记忆写作万能理由和基本表达

4、完型填空练习：完成Passage 1--Passage 3 做题步骤：

（1）通读全文，了解文章大意；

（2）初选答案（排除法、优选法）；

（3）寻找线索；

（4）回头补缺；

（5）核实答案。图表题：2002年6月考题

Topic: Student Use of Computers(at least 150 words)

1、上图所示为1990、1995、2000年某校大学生使用计算机的情况，请描述其变化；

2、请说明发生这些变化的原因（可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说明）；

3、你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题。2002年6月的图表题作文： As is shown by the bar graph, the average number of hours a student in a certain university spends on the computer per week increased dramatically over the period from 1990 to 2000.In 1990, it was less than two hours.And in 1995, it hit/ reach four hours.And in 2000, the number soared to（飞速上升）nearly twenty hours, which is over ten times than that of 1990.注：soared to/ boom/ shoot up/ rocket/ jump 飞速上升 climb 上升很慢 shrink 下降，缩水

第一段还有一种写法：„„In 1990, the number was less than 2 hours, while the figure hit 4 hours（或者这样写：while in 1995,）as compared with that of 1990, it had almost doubled.And what impress us most is that the figure soared to..., which„

Obviously computers are becoming increasingly popular for males and for females.A multitude of factors could account for the rise.In the first place, computers facilitate us in more aspects of life.Also, the rapid development of the internet enlarges our demands for using computers.We can easily contact friends in remote places through the internet.In the second place, the prices of computers are getting lower and lower, which enable more students to purchase them.However, there still exist some problems, such as, poor quality, out-of-date designs and so on.And how to balance the time between using computers an studying is also a serious problem.Anyhow, we will benefit a lot from computers as long as we use them properly.IV、书信题的写作方法：

（一）信封格式：

名字、信箱、地域范围由小到大，写在右下角（与我们相反）。

（二）信纸格式：

日期：背月份的缩写

称呼（后面的标点是逗号）:Dear Sir or Madam, To whom it may concern, 正文：空4个字节或者顶格写，段与段之间空行）

签名：sincerely yours 书信写作的五点要求：

1、开门见山说意图

2、咨询/ 建议1、2、3、3、不同内容可分段

4、感谢客气不可少

5、期待回信成老套

（三）开头段：

1、告知对方你的身份（假如对方不认识你）Dear Sir/ Mr.Prometheus, I was a student at your college, enrolled in Philosophy Department./ I am a„ at your„

/ I am a „ at your college, enrolled in the„ course./ My name is„, I am„

2、问候收信人（假如他/她是你的朋友）Dear Prometheus, Hello / Hi.How are you? / I hope everything is fine./ How are things going with you? / How are you getting on in / getting along with„..?

3、解释写信的原因（1）致谢：

I deeply appreciate your courtesy and I hope to reciprocate your favor when the opportunity arises./ I am greatly indebted to you for(the double)you have gone to on my behalf./ Thank you for your letter about studying in Canada./ I am writing to tell you how grateful I am for„ / I would like to thank you most sincerely for„（2）抱怨：

I am writing to complain about the poor service at your dining-room./ I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with / at„ / I wish to make a complaint about„

/ I am writing to draw your attention to„./ I am afraid I have got a complaint about„.（3）致歉：

I would be grateful if you would be so kind as to provide me with certain essential information regarding the following aspects./ I am writing to you because I am unable to„./ I an terribly sorry that„./ I would like to express my apologies for not being able to„.（4）询问：

I would like to obtain /request/seek/inquire about some information about„

/ I am writing to ask if you can do me a favor./ I would like some detailed information on/about„.（四）结尾段：

1、发出请求

（1）Please give this matter your immediate attention.（2）I would very much appreciate it if„„as soon as possible.（3）Please render me some valuable advice which is conductive to my final decision.2、提供帮助

（1）I hope these„„will be helpful, and please feel free to contact me for more information.（2）„„will be taking responsibility for you and if you should need any assistance, she/he will be pleased to help you

3、再次表示歉意或感激

（1）Thank you for your kind assistance.（2）Please accept my heartfelt thanks and deepest gratitude, now and always.（3）I am sorry that I cannot„„, and trust that you will understand.（4）In addition, let me apologize for any inconvenience I may have caused.（5）I shall feel obliged by a reply at your earliest convenience.（6）Once again, I am sorry for any inconvenience caused.4、期盼回信：R.S.V.P.（1）I look forward to your prompt response.（2）Looking forward to a prompt reply,（3）I expect to hear from you very soon.（4）I hope to receive your reply shortly.（5）I am already eagerly awaiting your reply to this first letter.书信题范文：2001.6 Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter.Suppose you are Zhang Ying.Write a letter to Xiao Wang, a schoolmate of yours who is going to visit you during the week-long holiday.You should write at least 100 words according to the suggestions given below in Chinese.1．表示欢迎

2.提出度假安排的建议 3．提醒应注意的事项

A Letter to a Schoolmate June 23, 2001 Dear Xiao Wang Example I: Dear Xiao Wang, I am very happy to learn that you are going to visit me during the week-long holiday.My parents will also be happy to see you again.I am sure you will enjoy every minute here.I know you like swimming.A river lies not far away from my home.We can go swimming there.I think it would be very pleasant and refreshing to swim in such hot summer days.In every big room of my home there is an air-conditioner.We can watch TV, play VCDs or read books very comfortably at home.A mountain about two miles away from here is beautiful and it is worth touring.We can go there on foot.When we climb to the top of the mountain, we can have a wonderful birds eye view of the whole village.Just phone me before you set off.There is no need for you to take anything.I’ll prepare everything for you.I am looking forward to seeing you soon.Yours, Zhang Yin 公文信函: 2002.1 Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below: 假设你是李明，请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容应涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，可以是表扬，可以是批评建议，也可以兼而有之。

January 12th, 2002 Dear Mr.President, Li Ming freshman 大一 sophomore 大二 junior 大三 senior 大四 Example II: Dear Mr.Prometheus, I am a student at your TOEFL class and I am writing to explain my absence from classes since March 11, 2001.On March 10, 2001, I was involved in a serious motor vehicle accident.I was transported to the hospital in an ambulance, where I was treated for a broken ankle, fractured collarbone, and 3 bruised ribs.My doctor advised complete bed rest for 6 weeks, and as a result, I have been unable to attend classes since March 11, 2001.I am concerned about keeping up with my studies, and have been doing the required readings, as assigned by you.My biggest concern is whether I will be able to participate the final class.Would you please advise me regarding my courses, specifically if there will be any special consideration given to me in light of my current situation? Thank you for your kind assistance.I look forward to hearing from you soon.Sincerely, Janet, Student No„ 题型总结：

对比观点选择题：4段社会热点话题：3段图表题：书信题：格言题：

描写叙述题：完型填空做题技巧

（一）Prep Tips for Cloze I．做题步骤：

1、通读全文，了解文章大意；文章两种模式：总分、对比；

2、初选答案（排除法、优选法）；

3、寻找线索；

4、回头补缺；

5、核实答案。II．出题重点： 1．词语的辨析：

1）同义词； 2）反义词； 3）形近词；

形近词举例：Test 2...or down frightening hillsides to towns __87__ in deep valleys.87.A)lying B)laying C)laid D)lied 注：说谎：lie lied lied lying 躺：lie lay lain lying 放置，下蛋：lay laid laid laying 2．逻辑关系：

1）列举/种属关系：

such„as;especially;in particular;specifically;for example;for instance;likely;2）因果关系： because(for);due to;owing to;thanks to;since;for;as;for the reason that;seeing that;3）并列/递进：

besides;likewise;moreover;also;too;what’s more;apart from;except;furthermore;not noly„but also„.;in addition;4）转折/让步关系：

however;but;never the less;nonetheless;whereas;still;though;although;anyhow;anyway;in any case;yet;5）对比关系：

by contrast;in contrast;by comparison;like;as„as;on the contrary;conversely;oppositely;„.than„.;逻辑关系举例1：Test 4 Sometimes homework is returned 76 brief written comments but without a grade.76.A)by B)in C)for D)with 逻辑关系举例2：Test 2 The United States is well-known for its network of major highways designed to help a driver get from one place to another in the shortest possible time.__71__ these wide modern roads are generally __72__ and well maintained, with __73__ sharp curves and many straight __74__, a direct route is not always the most _ 75__ one.71.A)Although B)Since C)Because D)Therefore 72.A)stable B)splendid C)smooth D)complicated 73.A)little B)few C)much D)many 74.A)selections B)separations C)series D)sections 75.A)terrible B)possible C)enjoyable D)profitable 3．固定结构的识别：提高阅读的速度、对于内容有合理的预期、有利于总体把握文章：

either„or„;neither„nor„;too„to„;so„that„;not„until„;hardly„when„;no sooner„than„;not only„but also„ 固定结构举例：Test 3 76 geography books focus on a small area 77 a town or city.Others deal with a state, a region, a nation.Or an 78 continent.Many geography books deal with the whole earth.Another 79 to divide the study of 80 is to distinguish between physical geography and cultural geography.The former focuses on the natural world;the 81 starts with human beings and 82 how human beings and their environment act 83 each other.but when geography is considered as a single subject, 84 branch can neglect the other.76.A)Some B)Many C)Most D)Few 77.A)outside B)except C)as D)like 81.A)second B)later C)next D)latter 2．搭配：

例如：a.+ n.;ad.+ v.;take advantage of„.;make use of„.等； 3．动词用法：

1）主谓一致； 2）时态； 3）语态； 4）非谓语动词； 4．介词用法：

1）介词与名词； 2）介词与动词； 3）介词与形容词；顶一下(62)68.9% 踩一下(28)31.1% 2010上海世博会相关英语作文大全范文 World Expositions are galleries of human inspirations and thoughts.Since 1851 when the Great Exhibition of Industries of All Nations was held in London, the World Expositions have attained increasing prominence as-2010上海世博会相关英语作文大全范文关于2010世博会英语作文

How To Be A Lovely Citizen(如何成为一个可爱的上海人)

Great changes have taken place in Shanghai and more and more people throughout the world are focusing their attention on Shanghai now.As a citizen of Shanghai, I feel I must spare no efforts to do my bit.First, I decide to help plant more trees to make our city more beautiful.Second, I should obey seven nos and be good at learning from others.Third, I should study hard so that I can do something better for my city in the future.The World Expo in 2010（世博会）英文作文

The World Expo in 2010(2010年世博会)

The World Expo in 2010

Shanghai will host the 2010 World Expo.The World Expo has a long history but it has never been held in Asia.So the 2010 World Expo is an honor for all of the Asians.our government has promised that it will be the best one.And Shanghai, as a host city, will have more chances to develop quickly.As a student in Shanghai, I should learn English well so that I can be a volunteer in the Expo to help foreigners know more about Shanghai.From Joozone.com.世博会英语作文

Right from its establishment in 1992, Shanghai International Exhibition Center has provided much needed new potential for the exhibition industry in Shanghai , becoming the birthplace of many industry definitive exhibitions in Shanghai and making acclaimed contributions to the development of Shanghai exhibition industry.With its quality exhibition facilities and excellent services,it has been the first international exhibition center in China.As a member of the exhibition industry, Shanghai International Exhibition Center is committed to perfecting its hall services to exceed customers expectations, establishing exhibition brands, enhancing our capabilities of customer service and making contributions to the development of the exhibition industry in Shanghai and China as well!作文地带提供，这些简单概括就是说：上海世博会对上海的新发展奠定了基础，发挥了作用。要是作为上海世博会的一名成员的话，应该在力所能及的范围内去帮助世博会拥有更多项超越顾客所期待的服务，让上海世博会越发展越好.What should we do Ladies and gentlemen the World Expo is coming.What should we do as a student of Shanghai.The first ,study English hard.Millions of foreigners will visit Shanghai during 2010 World Expo.So we must study the international language harder.The second,be polite,be civilized.Do it from little things.Like do not spit sputum in rude.When you do somethings ,remember ladies first.In all,be a kind and polite man.Welcome World Expo!A time to make friends.Thanks you very much.本文来自作文地带:http:// 世博会英语作文

World Expositions are galleries of human inspirations and thoughts.Since 1851 when the Great Exhibition of Industries of All Nations was held in London, the World Expositions have attained increasing prominence as grand events for economic, scientific, technological and cultural exchanges, serving as an important platform for displaying historical experience, exchanging innovative ideas, demonstrating esprit de corps and looking to the future.世界博览会是人类文明的驿站。从1851年伦敦的“万国工业博览会”至今，世博会正日益成为全球经济、科技和文化领域的盛会，成为各国人民总结历史经验、交流聪明才智、体现合作精神、展望未来发展的重要舞台.作文地带(www.xiexiebang.com)有翻译的英语作文网

With a long civilization, China favors international exchange and loves world peace.China owes its successful bid for the World Exposition in 2010 to the support for and confidence of the international community in its reform and opening up.The Exposition will be the first registered World Exposition to be held in a developing country, which gives expression to the expectations the world’s people place on China’s future development.具有悠久东方文明的中国，是一个热爱国际交往、崇尚世界和平的国度。中国取得了2010年世博会的举办权，这将是注册类世界博览会首次在发展中国家举行，体现了国际社会对中国改革开放道路的支持和信任，也体现了世界人民对中国未来发展的瞩目和期盼。另外一篇世博会英语作文，本文是关于世博会自愿者的英语作文

Shanghai will host the 2010 World Expo.The World Expo has a long history but it has never been held in Asia.So the 2010 World Expo is an honor for all of the Asians.()ur government has promised that it will be the best one.And Shanghai, as a host city, will have more chances to develop quickly.As a student in Shanghai, I should learn English well so that I can be a volunteer in the Expo to help foreigners know more about Shanghai.First, I’ll say something about World Expo History.As we know, the very first World Expo, the Great Exhibition of 1851, took place in the Crystal Palace in London.UK.Ever since then, the goals of World Expos have been both high-minded as well as commercial.Visitors are able to explore the world outside of their everyday experience—outside cultures, new scientific advancements, and new inventions.World Expos have excited and inspired more and more people in the world.上海世博会范文：

On December3, 2002, the Bureau of International Expositions(or call it BIE)announced that Shanghai will host Expo2010.the BIE had received bids from five cities to host Expo2010.Among the 5 nice cities, the BIE chose Shanghai at last!It’s really an exciting news for not only Shanghainese, but also all of Chinese people.Here are some details about it.世博会logo（会徽）介绍：

Look at this profile carefully.The title is “The 2010 World Exposition ,Shanghai, China ”.this is the logo.And the theme is “better city., better life”.OK, let’s guess who is the image representative? Yeah, you’re right, Yao Ming!

Shanghai Expo is the first comprehensive World Expo held in a developing country.And it is also the first one that takes “the city” as its theme, hoping that it can push forward the city development and help bring about a better urban living environment, just like the theme: better city, better life.I think, as a student in Shanghai, we should learn to be a gentle person and keep good manners from now on.And try to practice English more in order to communicate with foreigners fluently in the near future.Because, we’re a part of Shanghai!世博会相关的词组：

中国上海2010年世博会：Eopo 2010 Shanghai China 世博会会徽: the Expo emblem 世博会会徽看起来像三个人手挽着手。The Expo emblem looks like three people holding hands.世博会将持续半年。The Expo will last six months.世博会的主题: the theme of Expo 城市，让生活更美好。Better city, better life.世博园区: the Expo Site 沿黄浦江两岸：along both sides of the Huangpu River 主题馆: the theme pavilions 中国馆：China's pavilion 东方之冠：The Crown of the East 中国成功申办2010年世博会英语作文

On December, 2002, China won the bid to hosting Expo 2010.This is the first General Exhibition hosted by a developing country;However, China has a long-standing relationship with World Expo.Chinese people have participated in World Expo since its first presence.After wining its liberation, the People’s Republic of China has taken part in 12 world expositions.Chinese exhibits won many prizes in previous world expositions.The Yisheng Wine was awarded with the gold medal at Expo 1906 Milan Italy;many others like the embroidery of the Portrait of Jesus, Gold Prize Brandy , and Mao-Tai Chiew were among the highlights at the Panama-Pacific International Exposition—San Francisco 1915.

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