中国传统风俗习惯介绍英语

第一篇：中国传统风俗习惯介绍英语

元宵节The Festival of Lanterns takes place at the end of the Chinese New Year Celebration, on the fifteenth day of the first moon.Lanterns have been part of Chinese life for centuries so it's not surprising to see a festival of lanterns.People usually hang lanterns in the gardens, outside the houses, and on the boats.These lanterns are signposts to guide guests and spirits of ancestors to the Lunar celebration.After a sumptuous fifteen-day feast, these lanterns light the way for the spirits back to the world beyond.Silk, paper and plastic lanterns vary in shape and size and are usually multi-colored.Some are in the shapes of butterflies, birds, flowers, and boats.Other are shaped like dragon, fruit and animal symbols of that year.The most popular type of lantern is the “horse-racing” one, in which figures or animals rotate around the vertical axis of the lantern.joozone.com The special food for the Lantern Festival is Yuen Sin or Tong Yuen.These are round dumplings made with sticky rice flour.They can be filled and served as a sweet snack or made plain and cooked in a soup with vegetables, meat and dried shrimp.The round shape of the dumpling is a symbol of wholeness, completeness and unity.The Lantern Festival is an occasion for families to get together and for everyone--young, old, rich and poor to have fun.翻译如下：

年底举行的中国新年庆祝活动,在正月15月的这一天.灯笼一直是几个世纪以来中国人的节日,所以没什么吃惊.人们通常灯笼挂在花园外面的房子、船上.这些指示标志灯的客人,是祖先的新年庆祝活动.15点后两天大餐,这些灯照亮了回神后的世界.丝绸、造纸、塑料灯笼形状和大小各不相同,通常多彩.有蝴蝶形的、鸟、花、船.其他都像龙、水果和动物的象征,一年.最受欢迎的是一种花灯 “ 赛马 ”

一、人物、动物,轮流在各地纵轴的花灯.特别是粮食的元宵圆善或汤圆.这些都是用与糯米粉圆、甜零食熟了汤,蔬菜、肉、虾米来填补。圆圆的形状,是象征团圆的整体性、完整性和团结.元宵是和家人团聚的机会,使每一个人--青年人、老年人,不论贫富,都好好享受这个节日。另有一篇元宵节介绍：

The Lantern Festival The Lantern Festival falls on the 15th day of the 1st lunar month, usually in February or March in the Gregorian calendar.As early as the Western Han Dynasty(206 BC-AD 25), it had become a festival with great significance.This day's important activity is watching lanterns.Throughout the Han Dynasty(206 BC-AD 220), Buddhism flourished in China.One emperor heard that Buddhist monks would watch sarira, or remains from the cremation of Buddha's body, and light lanterns to worship Buddha on the 15th day of the 1st lunar month, so he ordered to light lanterns in the imperial palace and temples to show respect to Buddha on this day.Later, the Buddhist rite developed into a grand festival among common people and its influence expanded from the Central Plains to the whole of China.Till today, the lantern festival is still held each year around the country.Lanterns of various shapes and sizes are hung in the streets, attracting countless visitors.Children will hold self-made or bought lanterns to stroll with on the streets, extremely excited.joozone.com “Guessing lantern riddles”is an essential part of the Festival.Lantern owners write riddles on a piece of paper and post them on the lanterns.If visitors have solutions to the riddles, they can pull the paper out and go to the lantern owners to check their answer.If they are right, they will get a little gift.The activity emerged during people's enjoyment of lanterns in the Song Dynasty(960-1279).As riddle guessing is interesting and full of wisdom, it has become popular among all social strata People will eat yuanxiao, or rice dumplings, on this day, so it is also called the “Yuanxiao Festival.”Yuanxiao also has another name, tangyuan.It is small dumpling balls made of glutinous rice flour with rose petals, sesame, bean paste, jujube paste, walnut meat, dried fruit, sugar and edible oil as filling.Tangyuan can be boiled, fried or steamed.It tastes sweet and delicious.What's more, tangyuan in Chinese has a similar pronunciation with “tuanyuan”, meaning reunion.So people eat them to denote union, harmony and happiness for the family.In the daytime of the Festival, performances such as a dragon lantern dance, a lion dance, a land boat dance, a yangge dance, walking on stilts and beating drums while dancing will be staged.On the night, except for magnificent lanterns, fireworks form a beautiful scene.Most families spare some fireworks from the Spring Festival and let them off in the Lantern Festival.Some local governments will even organize a fireworks party.On the night when the first full moon enters the New Year, people become really intoxicated by the imposing fireworks and bright moon in the sky.继续给大家一篇元宵佳节英语作文范文：

The Festival of Lanterns takes place at the end of the Chinese New Year Celebration, on the fifteenth day of the first moon.Lanterns have been part of Chinese life for centuries so it's not surprising to see a festival of lanterns.People usually hang lanterns in the gardens, outside the houses, and on the boats.These lanterns are signposts to guide guests and spirits of ancestors to the Lunar celebration.After a sumptuous fifteen-day feast, these lanterns light the way for the spirits back to the world beyond.Silk, paper and plastic lanterns vary in shape and size and are usually multi-colored.Some are in the shapes of butterflies, birds, flowers, and boats.Other are shaped like dragon, fruit and animal symbols of that year.The most popular type of lantern is the ”horse-racing" one, in which figures or animals rotate around the vertical axis of the lantern.The special food for the Lantern Festival is Yuen Sin or Tong Yuen.These are round dumplings made with sticky rice flour.They can be filled and served as a sweet snack or made plain and cooked in a soup with vegetables, meat and dried shrimp.The round shape of the dumpling is a symbol of wholeness, completeness and unity.The Lantern Festival is an occasion for families to get together and for everyone--young, old, rich and poor to have fun.春节The Spring Festival is very important to Chinese people.In the past，people could not often have meat，rice or other delicious food.They could only eat these during the Spring festival.So every year they hoped that the Spring Festival would come soon.Now，although people‘s life is much better，and we can eat the delicious foods everyday.People still like the festival.Because most people can have a long holiday，and we are free to go on a trip or visit our friends or have parties with our family.In the evenings，we can have a big meal in the restaurant or stay at home with family and watch the TV programmes.I like the Spring Festival very much.How wonderful the Spring Festival is！

The Chinese Spring Festival comes on the first day of the Chinese Lunar Year, which is usually in February.There is a name for each year, such as the dog, the monkey, the tiger or one of the twelve animals, and this year is the year of the pig.Before the New Year’s Day, the Chinese people usually give their houses a good cleaning and on the last evening of the old year, all the members of a family will get together and have a big meal.On the first or second day of the new year, people usually go to visit their relatives and friends and give some lucky money to children.I wish you have a good time during the Spring Festival.Spring FestivalThe Spring Festival is the most important festival for the Chinese people and is when all family members get together, just like Christmas in the West.All people living away from home go back, becoming the busiest time for transportation systems of about half a month from the Spring Festival.Airports, railway stations and long-distance bus stations are crowded with home returnees.The Spring Festival falls on the 1st day of the 1st lunar month, often one month later than the Gregorian calendar.It originated in the Shang Dynasty(c.1600 BC-c.1100 BC)from the people's sacrifice to gods and ancestors at the end of an old year and the beginning of a new one.端午节英语作文：端午节风俗习惯

Dragon Boat race Traditions At the center of this festival are the dragon boat races.Competing teams drive their colorful dragon boats forward to the rhythm of beating drums.These exciting races were inspired by the villager's valiant attempts to rescue Chu Yuan from the Mi Lo river.This tradition has remained unbroken for centuries.Tzung Tzu A very popular dish during the Dragon Boat festival is tzung tzu.This tasty dish consists of rice dumplings with meat, peanut, egg yolk, or other fillings wrapped in bamboo leaves.The tradition of tzung tzu is meant to remind us of the village fishermen scattering rice across the water of the Mi Low river in order to appease the river dragons so that they would not devour Chu Yuan.Ay Taso The time of year of the Dragon Boat Festival, the fifth lunar moon, has more significance than just the story of Chu Yuan.Many Chinese consider this time of year an especially dangerous time when extra efforts must be made to protect their family from illness.Families will hang various herbs, called Ay Tsao, on their door for protection.The drinking of realgar wine is thought to remove poisons from the body.Hsiang Bao are also worn.These sachets contain various fragrant medicinal herbs thought to protect the wearer from illness.The Dragon Boat Festival, also called Double Fifth Festival, is celebrated on the fifth day of the fifth moon of the lunar calendar.It is one of the most important Chinese festivals, the other two being the Autumn Moon Festival and Chinese New Year。

The origin of this summer festival centers around a scholarly government official named Chu Yuan.He was a good and respected man, but because of the misdeeds of jealous rivals he eventually fell into disfavor in the emperor's court。

Unable to regain the respect of the emperor, in his sorrow Chu Yuan threw himself into the Mi Low river.Because of their admiration for Chu Yuan, the local people living adjacent to the Mi Lo River rushed into their boats to search for him while throwing rice into the waters to appease the river dragons。

Although they were unable to find Chu Yuan, their efforts are still commemorated today during the Dragon Boat Festival。

第二篇：中国传统手工艺中英文介绍

中国传统手工艺英文介绍

（每条都是我自己写的啊亲 好好看 很短不多 每条一句话）

泥人（Clay Figure）

中文介绍：

泥人是雕塑的一种，使用泥土为原料，多表现人物。著名的有泥人张。

英文介绍：

Clay Figure is a sculpture using clay as raw material, a lot of them performance figures.The most famous clay figure artists is Clay Figurine Zhang.糖画（Sugar Painting）

中文介绍：

糖画是一种汉族民间手工艺，以糖为材料来进行创造。艺人使用小汤勺舀起溶化了的糖水，在石板上飞快地来回浇铸，画出造型，并用小铲刀将糖画铲起。

英文介绍：

Sugar Painting is a Chinese folk handicrafts, which uses sugar as material for creation.The artists use a small spoon to scoop up the sugar melted, spread rapidly back and forth on the slate, draw shapes.Then use a small shovel scooped Sugar Painting.剪纸（Paper-Cut）

中文介绍：

剪纸就是用剪刀、刀把纸剪成各种各样的图案。人们把美丽的剪纸贴在墙上或玻璃窗上、门上，表达节日里浓郁的欢乐与喜庆。

英文介绍：

Paper-Cut is to use scissors and knife to cut paper into various shapes.People put beautiful paper-cut attached to the wall or glass window on the door.Express their rich joy and happiness in the festival.绣花鞋（Embroidered Shoes）

中文介绍：

绣花鞋是中国的一种传统布鞋，它是刺绣跟布鞋的完美结合。有着非常久远的历史。英文介绍：

Embroidered Shoes is a Chinese traditional cloth shoes.It is the perfect combination of embroidery and cloth shoes,has a very long history.云锦（Brocade or Nanjing Brocade）

中文介绍：

南京云锦是中国传统的丝制工艺品, 是中国丝绸文化的精华，至今还在使用传统的老式木制机器织造。

英文介绍：

Brocade is a Chinese traditional silk crafts.It is the essence of Chinese silk culture.So far, it is still using the traditional old wooden machine to weave.丝绸（Silk Cloth）

中文介绍：

丝绸是一种以蚕丝为原料的纺织物。（跟云锦重复了，云锦就是丝绸的一种。）

英文介绍:

Silk Cloth is a kind of textile which uses silk as raw material.水墨画（Ink And Wash Painting）

中文介绍：

水墨画是一项中国传统艺术，是由水和墨经过调配不同的浓度所画出的画。

英文介绍：

Ink and wash painting is one of Chinese traditional arts.Painted by water and ink through the deployment of different proportions.

第三篇：中国传统中秋节含义介绍

中秋节对于中国人来说是一个重要的节日，人们在这天会吃月饼，赏月，团圆等活动，那么中国传统中秋节含义是什么呢?下面是小编整理的中国传统中秋节含义介绍，仅供参考，希望能够帮助到大家。

中国传统中秋节含义介绍

八月十五是中国的传统节日———中秋节，中秋节有着悠久的历史，和其他传统节日一样，也是缓慢发展而来的。随着时代的变迁，在中秋时节，人们对着天上又亮又圆的一轮皓月，观赏祭拜，寄托情怀，更多地被赋予了思念亲人的色彩。“人有悲欢离合，月有阴晴圆缺，此事古难全。但愿人长久，千里共婵娟。”词句贴切地反映了中秋佳节的意义，反映了人们对月圆的祈盼和对相思之人的牵挂。

1、和谐

中秋庆贺着期待着丰收，因此也期待着和谐。和者，禾旁加口，人人有饭吃也;谐者，言旁加皆，大家敢讲话也。希望我们的祖国“政通人和”，社会“和谐有序”，外交上要坚持“和平共处”，国与国之间要“和而不同”，干事业要“和衷共济”，处世要“和光同尘”，邻里之间要“和睦相处”，做生意信奉“和气生财”，待人要注意“和蔼可亲”，说话要“和颜悦色”，批评要“和风细雨”，夫妻之间要“和和美美”，等等，不一而足。

“和”是中国传统文化的核心价值追求。中秋佳节阖家团圆、邻里和睦、阶层和合、社区安定、民族团圆、家国和谐、世界大同，其乐融融。正如苏东坡说的“但愿人长久，千里共婵娟”，张九龄说的“海上生明月，天涯共此时。”

2、团圆

“身在异乡为异客，每逢佳节倍思亲。”节日是民族凝聚的促进剂，有着强大而又神秘的力量，“团圆”是老子“道法自然”的产物，是“天人合一”哲学理念的高度体现，是中华民族特有的文化价值理念。花好月圆之夜，就是骨肉团圆之时。

“举头望明月，低头思故乡。”一个独处他乡的人，白天奔波忙碌，倒还能冲淡离愁，然而一到夜深人静的时候，心头就难免泛起阵阵思念故乡的波澜。何况是在月明之夜，更何况是月色如霜的秋夜。从天上的月亮联想到人间团圆，这是中国人特有的思维方式。

“共看明月应垂泪，一夜乡心五处同。”在兵荒马乱、饥馑连年的岁月，白居易一家兄弟姊妹抛家离乡，天各一方。在凄凉的月夜，诗人举首望月，联想到漂泊各地的兄弟姊妹们此时此刻也会像自己一样望月垂泪，共生乡愁，于是写下这情真意切的思亲名句。

人世间总是离多聚少，流浪天涯的哀愁与人生的失意总是难以避免，因此，追求团圆就不仅仅是一种现实的需要，还是人的一种心理需要。

3、敬老

中秋文化传统源远流长，这种文化生发于夏商周之时，并与古代养老实践相结合，可以说是一种敬老、养老文化。《礼记》有言：“凡三王养老皆引年，月令仲秋养衰老，授几杖行，糜粥饮食。”三王指夏禹、商汤和周文王。因为仲秋时节“月至四阴，阴已盛矣。时以阳衰阴盛为秋，人以阳衰阴盛为老。”三王顺应时令，于仲秋举行养老仪式，对身疲力衰的老人，赠予手杖行路，赐以糜粥饮食，体现了对老年人的尊重。

4、感恩

中秋节从其最早的含义来看，就是一套礼仪，它体现了当时的人们对于自然界的崇敬，但就更深层次而言，它也表明了人们对于人与人之间关系的一种认识，体现了一种对于家庭的重视。

月是民族和谐、家庭幸福的象征。自古以来，中秋节不仅是小家团圆的日子，更是举国欢庆的时刻。从时令上看，中秋是“秋收节”。当然，现在看来，名义上拜月亮，其实念念不忘的应该是自己的祖先吧，还有就是思念那些远方不能够团圆的亲人们。总之，中秋节，就是团圆节，就是溯宗追远，就是一家团聚的节日。“海上生明月，天涯共此时。”

中秋的别称有哪些

中秋节别称：月夕、秋节、仲秋节、八月节、八月会、追月节、玩月节、拜月节、女儿节、团圆节。

仲秋

在中国的农历里，一年分为四季，每季又分为孟、仲、季三个部分，因而中秋也称仲秋。

秋节

根据节日时间，中秋节在秋季的八月十五，所以又叫秋节、八月节、八月半。

月夕

古人以仲春二月十五日为花朝，与之相应，又称仲秋八月十五日为月夕，因是夜月色倍明于常时。

玩月节

古代有月下游玩、设宴赏月的习俗，所以被称为玩月节。

拜月节

相传古代齐国丑女无盐，幼年时曾虔诚拜月，长大后，以超群品德入宫，但未被宠幸。某年八月十五赏月，天子在月光下见到她，觉得她美丽出众，后立她为皇后，中秋拜月由此而来。月中嫦娥，以美貌著称，故少女拜月，愿貌似嫦娥，面如皓月。

八月会

八月会亦称调声节。汉族民间传统节日。流行于海南省儋州市。每年农历八月十五举行。这天，种植男女青年汇集镇上，互赠香糕、月饼、花巾、彩扇、背心等。成群结队，川流过市。晚上拥出村口。到预定集合场地，进行规模盛大的调声对歌活动。

追月节

有些地方将中秋节定在八月十六，如宁波、台州、舟山，这与方国珍占据温、台、明三州时，为防范元朝官兵和朱元田的袭击而改正月十四为元宵、八月十六为中秋有关。这天狂欢，被称为追月。

团圆节

此夜，人们仰望天空如玉如盘的朗朗明月，自然会期盼家人团聚。远在他乡的游子，也借此寄托自己对故乡和亲人的思念之情。所以，中秋又称团圆节。

中秋节赏月的寓意

中秋节赏月寓意着团圆、寄托情怀。碧空如洗，圆月如盘，人们在尽情赏月之际，会情不自禁地想念远游在外、客居异乡的亲人，许多古诗表达了人们此时的思念之情。一钩新月，可联想到初生的萌芽事物，一轮满月，可联想到美好的团圆生活。

在中秋节，我国自古就有赏月的习俗，《礼记》中就记载有“秋暮夕月”，即祭拜月神。到了周代，每逢中秋夜都要举行迎寒和祭月。设大香案，摆上月饼、西瓜、苹果、李子、葡萄等时令水果，其中月饼和西瓜是绝对不能少的。西瓜还要切成莲花状。

在唐代，中秋赏月、玩月颇为盛行。在宋代，中秋赏月之风更盛，据《东京梦华录》记载：“中秋夜，贵家结饰台榭，民间争占酒楼玩月”。每逢这一日，京城的所有店家、酒楼都要重新装饰门面，牌楼上扎绸挂彩，出售新鲜佳果和精制食品，夜市热闹非凡，百姓们多登上楼台，一些富户人家在自己的楼台亭阁上赏月，并摆上食品或安排家宴，团圆子女，共同赏月叙谈。

明清以后，中秋节赏月风俗依旧，许多地方形成了烧斗香、树中秋、点塔灯、放天灯、走月亮、舞火龙等特殊风俗。

中国传统中秋节含义介绍

第四篇：中国传统葬礼的英文介绍

中国传统葬礼的英文介绍(1)

来源： 张藤耀的日志

送终

老人生命垂危之时，子女等直系亲属守护在其身边，听取遗言，直到亲人去世，这在习俗中 称为“送终”。送终是一件大事，能为老人送终是表明子女尽了最后的孝心，未能为老人送 终常常成为人们一生中的一大憾事。有没有子女送终，是不是所有子女都来送了终又是老人 是否有福的一个判别标准。在老人临危之时，家人要将其从卧房移到正庭中临时铺设有板床上，板床在较穷的地方就用 临时卸下的门板做成。因为民俗以为人若在床上死。灵魂就会被吊在床中，无法超度。有的 地方也把死老是否在板床上死看作是子女是否尽了孝道的标准，老人在床上咽的气，子女往 往会受人非议。夭折的人，家人虽不会将其移入正庭，但也会将其移至床前地上。如果死者 之上还有长辈，死时，也不移入正庭。在许多地方，人死之后，家人都会烧纸钱，称为“烧倒头纸”，有的地方更明白，叫：“烧 落气纸”。此外，还人鸣放鞭炮，一是表示死者归西，二是向邻居报丧。人死之后，家人要围在死者身边恸哭，未死时，则禁止哭泣。[编辑本段]报丧

死老咽气后，家人应尽快向亲友发出报丧贴，或登门通报死讯，对远方的亲友，要告诉其开 吊下葬的日期。报丧的孝子要穿孝服，戴孝帽，到了别人家，不能进门，有人来迎接时，无 论长幼，都要叩首。[编辑本段]入殓

死者入棺前，要为之整容，如剃头、刮脸、换擦洗身、穿寿衣等，然后再以白绸(有的地方 也用纸钱)掩面。民俗以为，不能给死老穿皮衣皮裤，否则死者会转世为兽；为死者穿衣时，不要将眼泪滴到死者身上，否则以后做梦就见不到死者。有的地方要求为死老配木梳一把，镜子一面。在死者死后的二十四小时内，要由专人选择好时刻，正式将尸体移入棺中，入棺时，死者一 般是头朝里脚朝外。[编辑本段]守铺

死老家人在老人死后到正式放入棺材期间，要昼夜轮流守护在死老铺侧，以示服孝，叫做“ 守铺”。死者入棺之后，家人守护、睡卧在棺旁，叫“守灵”，也叫“困棺材”。[编辑本段]搁棺

因为要选择吉日吉地安葬死者，因此，可能要停枢在家，称为“搁棺”或“停棺”。“搁棺 ”的风俗，在古代常见，一般要搁七天，有的甚至搁棺十几天，几个月，现今则不常见，即 使搁棺，时间也不长。[编辑本段]居丧

居丧是指死者家人后辈自死者断气时起服丧。男子不穿华丽的衣服，穿草鞋(现在已不常见)；妇女则要脱去身上的装饰品，脱下彩色衣服。男女各依其与死者关系的远近，穿孝服，戴 教帽。孝子在居丧期间(一般为一月或百日)不能理发，不能同房，不能会晤亲友、参加宴会、进寺庙等。尤其是在安葬之前，这些习俗必须严守，否则不吉。see When the old man was dying, such as children in its directly-related members of one side to protect, and died in the family, until the custom of song zhong “called”.Put a great thing, that man can see all the children are finally failed to send a filial piety, old people often end in the life of a pity.Have children, are all the children are put to send end is blessed if old a discriminant criteria.The old man on the family will, from the bedroom is TingZhong temporarily moved on board, board is laid in poorer place with the door.It temporarily Because if people think folk in bed.The soul would be hanging in bed, cannot turn.Some places have died in the board if old children die as if the standard of filial piety, the old man on the bed, the gas to swallow their will into.Infant family, though not transferred to court, but also is the earth moved before bed.If the dead and elders, death, also don't move is atrium.In many places, people die, family will burn, called “paper”, some local received more understand, call: “burning gas paper” fall.In addition, people MingFang firecrackers, one is dead, two is that went to the neighbors indigoeyes.After death, the family to surround the deceased wail, death is forbidden to cry.[the] indigoeyes editor After death, the family should old died out as soon as possible to relatives and friends, or ascend indigoeyes reported to distant relatives, death, to tell the opening date of buried crane.The son to wear XiaoFu indigoeyes mourning, to others, hat, cannot take the door, someone to meet, his theory, KouShou.[editor this section RuLian] The former, the coffin of cosmetic, such as and when his body scrub, change clothes wear, etc, and then to BaiChou(some place also use money)face.Folk thought, not to die of old wear fur leather pants, otherwise the dead will reincarnate for beast, For the dress, don't be tears into dead, or later dream will not see the dead.Some local requirements for dead old MuShu with a mirror.In the dead died after 24 hours, should choose good moments from the body in the coffin, and then move when the head is like a, ChaoLi feet outwards.[editor this segment] keep shop The old man died LaoGuRen death to formally put coffin, day and night guard in tianjin and dead turn to serve, keep shop, called “filial piety”.The family after the coffin, protect, and lay in coffins, called “left”, also called “trapped coffin”.[editor this segment] put aside Because the ground should choose a buried the dead fudge, therefore, may be stopped at home, called “axis” or “stop” aside.“" ”Put the custom of“, in ancient times, to put seven days commonly, some even put coffins 10 days, months, now is not common, namely that aside, long ”.[editor this segment] mourning Blue is the family legacy to snuff out from the dead rise when in mourning.Men don't wear expensive clothes and sandals(now has no common), Women should undressed decorations, take off color clothes.Men and women with the relationship between the various according to the distance, wear XiaoFu, wear teach cap.During the mourning son in January or(100)for her hair, can not meet friends, not to attend the banquet, into the temple, etc.Especially in the burial customs, these must be strictly before, or not.

第五篇：中国传统剪纸手工艺术介绍

蔚县剪纸

“剪纸是一种镂空艺术和最为流行的民间艺术，在视觉上给人以透空的感觉和艺术享受。其载体可以是纸张、金银箔、树皮、树叶、布、皮、革等片状材料。”2006年5月20日，剪纸艺术遗产经国务院批准列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录。2007年6月8日，上海市李守白剪纸大师工作室获得国家文化部颁布的首届文化遗产日奖。

民间剪纸是中国民间美术形式之一，有着悠久的历史。民间剪纸作为中国本源哲学的体现，在表现形式上有着全面、美化、吉祥的特征，同时民间剪纸用自己特定的表现语言，传达出传统文化的内涵和本质。

剪纸是中国最为流行的民间艺术之一，根据考古，其历史可追溯到公元六世纪，但人们认为它的实际开始时间比这还要早几百年。剪纸常用于宗教仪式，装饰和造型艺术等方面。在过去，人们经常用纸做成形态各异的物像和人像，与死者一起下葬或葬礼上燃烧，这一习俗在中国境外有时仍可见到。剪纸艺术一般都有象征意义，也是这种仪式的一部分；此外剪纸还被用作祭祀祖先和神仙所用供品的装饰物。

剪纸这门艺术在北方广为流传，现在，剪纸更多的是用于装饰。剪纸可用于点缀墙壁、门窗、房柱、镜子、灯和灯笼等，也可为礼品作点缀之用，甚至剪纸本身也可作为礼物赠送他人。人们以前还常把剪纸作绣花和喷漆艺术的模型。

剪纸不是用机器而是由手工做成的，常用的方法有两种：剪刀剪和刀剪。顾名思义，剪刀剪是借助于剪刀，剪完后再把几张(一般不超过8张)剪纸粘贴起来，最后再用锋利的剪刀对图案进行加工。刀剪则是先把纸张折成数叠，放在由灰和动物脂肪组成的松软的混和体上，然后用小刀慢慢刻划。剪纸艺人一般是竖直握刀，根据一定的模型将纸加工成所要的图案。和剪刀相比，刀剪的一个优势就是一次可以加工成多个剪纸图案。在农村，剪纸通常是由妇女、姑娘们来做。

十二生肖（蔚县剪纸）

中国民间剪纸手工艺术，犹如一株常春藤，古老而长青，它特有的普及性、实用性、审美性成为了符合民众心理需要的象征意义。过去，这是每个女孩所必须掌握的手工艺术，并且还被人们来品评新娘的一个标准。而职业的剪纸艺人则常常是男人，因为只有男人才能在作坊里一起劳作并挣工钱。今天，有许多学艺术的人都将剪纸用各种方式表现出来，如:舞蹈《简化女》、《剪纸娃娃》等。相信，在大家的努力下，剪纸这象征着中国的工艺制作会被发扬光大！

民间剪纸之所以能够历经中国漫长的历史演进，而不失其纯净和清新的特质，与中国农村稳固的社会结构和文化结构有着密切的关系。它自身存在过程中所具有的互为矛盾，又互为统一的不同特性，决定了其对于不断变革侧自然选择方式，从而与宫廷艺术、文人艺术拉开了间距。

民间剪纸是附合民间习俗的必不可少一种艺术活动。它的存在，就必定依附于民间特定的文化背景与生活环境。家中有白事，窗户上不能贴得红红火火；娃娃不生病，老奶奶也不肯剪一串吊魂的小人人；用于摆衬礼品的，要看是办喜事、丧事还是做寿；一对老夫老妻的屋里如果贴上一对坐帐喜花，那肯定是年轻人的戏耍；久旱无雨，如果剪的不是求雨的“独女捣棒槌”，而是求晴的“扫天婆”，那不知要遭多少人的咒骂。这种受存在目的作用制约的依附性特征，表现在具体作品的构图处理上，也就是作品的装饰性特征。如悬空吊挂的门笺、碗架云子之类，必须线线相连；贴在窗户上的则要求与窗格适合，并多镂空，否则迎光看去只是一个大纸片片；贴作炕围的，就最好少剪零碎花纹，否则时间长了很容易损坏。

诸多的限制，也形成了艺术上的独特语言。民间剪纸在完成一定的民俗作用之外，又极力显示着自身存在过程中的独立性----即美的特性。一张剪纸，不论它用于何种场合，作者在创作的过程中必然贯注自己的审美感情。只要人们以美的标准肯定了它，它也就有了存在中的审美价值。当然民间剪纸这种艺术形式的独立性，对于民俗的限定不是抛离，而是充分驾驭民俗形式的随心所欲。因而。其存在价值也超越了陪衬民俗的行为目的。这种艺术上的独立性，正随着社会变革和旧民俗的逐渐消失而渐趋明显。

贵州剑河苗族剪纸

苗族剪纸俗称“花纸”、“剪花”、“绣花纸”，苗语称“西给港”、“西给榜”，译成汉语，即分别为“动物剪纸”和“花卉剪纸”。剑河苗族剪纸不同于汉民族和北方少数民族的窗花剪纸，其主要用途是作为苗族服饰刺绣纹样稿。类型可分为革东和新民、新合两种，手法主要采用剪、刻、扎等方式。题材范围涉及苗族神话传说和自然界中花、鸟、虫、鱼、动物形象等，内容反映了苗族对远古图腾和自然的崇拜，蕴涵着大量神秘的宗教文化信息和原始的艺术特征。从其制作的工艺流程和成品价值来看，它本身就是一件完整的工艺品。

苗族剪纸，历史久远，贵州省黔东南一带苗族世代传唱的《苗族古歌 跋山涉水》中就有关于剪纸的描述。它是研究黔东南境内清水江上游苗族地区历史文化和民族风俗的珍贵的形象资料，是一种既具有现实依据又有学理可循的真正的民间艺术，具有较高的、丰富而深遂的历史研究价值。如剪纸中出现较多的双头龙、双头鸟、双头蛇、双身共头龙等共头共身的形象即是“交”的暗喻，实际上它是苗族“吃牯藏”仪式活动中，一种巫仪文化的延伸。

剑河苗族剪纸的功能在当地体现为苗族刺绣的底样、蓝本和第一道工序，经过二次加工后，剪纸纹样在刺绣中得到再现和丰富，是苗族刺绣和服饰艺术的重要组成部分，具有鲜明的地域特征和民族特色。

2008年，《苗族剪纸》被国务院公布为国家级第二批非物质文化遗产名录。

颛桥剪纸

中国剪纸技艺源于南北朝，到唐代以后广为流传，是中国民间装饰艺术中具有广泛群众性的一种工艺美术品种，它的艺术形式具有很强的装饰性和趣味性。上海剪纸上世纪已有出现，当时时常出现在民间的门笺、鞋花、绣花样上，在近百年的历史演变中，上海剪纸逐渐形成了与众不同的“海派”风格，在中国剪纸这一传统技艺中具有相当地位。

在文化部编撰的《中国民俗文化丛书——剪纸艺术》一书中，列出了上海两位剪纸艺术大师：王子淦、林曦明。王子淦已故世，林曦明现为中国剪纸协会名誉会长、上海剪纸协会会长、上海美协理事、上海中国画院一级画师。

王子淦将北方剪纸的粗犷、大气和南方剪纸的细腻流畅，恰当的融为一体，继承了前辈的优秀技艺，表现出了极强烈的艺术个性。故而他的作品形成简练、夸张、装饰性强的特点，花鸟鱼虫、飞禽走兽、山水风景、人物建筑无所不能涉及。

林曦明为苏昧朔的入室弟子，七十余年来创作了数百成千幅反映中国农村和城市变化的剪纸作品，相继在《浙江农民报》等省和全国报刊发表，在众多书籍中作为插图，蜚声民间艺术领域，成为上海民间美术中的一朵奇葩。他的剪纸作品结合了我国传统剪纸细腻质朴色彩，又融合了现代的粗旷、联想等元素；大胆运用他擅长的山水画中写意手法，把书画和民间剪纸融会一起，互相交融，相得益彰，这在我国剪纸艺术上堪称一绝。

2005年，海派剪纸被上海市经委同意认定为上海市传统保护技艺。海派剪纸作为祖国优秀传统文化的一个门类，我们应该继续作更大的努力来继承、总结，以保存其有扎实的生存能力，得以延续。

医巫闾山满族剪纸

从公元前11世纪到公元1622年，满族的先人曾四次大规模走进医巫闾山，他们与当地的东胡人组成新的民族共同体，将山林文化与游牧文化融合成医巫闾山带有强烈原始萨满色彩的乡土文化，并因受外来文化影响较小而得以保留至今。医巫闾山满族人的先祖，过着居无定所的游牧生活和狩猎生活。在生产力低下的生活环境中，人们向代表动植物及祖先神的神偶祈祷。这种神偶是用树皮、兽皮剪刻的，或是用木头雕刻的。当医巫闾山人定居下来后，这种神偶的造型就以剪纸艺术的形式传承下来。

医巫闾山满族剪纸的图案内容充满了萨满文化的自然神、始祖神、生殖神等神灵崇拜色彩，如“九乳妈妈”是萨满教中的地母神，她自身象征着广袤肥沃的大地，硕大的九个乳房象征着大地对人类的滋养。她在萨满教中的地位仅次于天神，体现了人类对大地的敬仰之情。此外，医巫闾山满族剪纸还有反映当地生活习俗的作品，如《打太平鼓》、《跑旱船》记录了传统的节庆习俗，《回娘家》、《坐福》、《见面礼》记录了满族人的婚俗和人际交往礼节。

医巫闾山满族剪纸借鉴了皮影的造型艺术，突破了对称的剪纸手法，它以风俗画的布局，表现了人物众多、场景宏大的生活场景，其造型不求精致、准确，主要以博大恢弘的气度和朴拙古茂的神韵取胜。医巫闾山满族剪纸表现了独特的地域、民族审美取向，是我国民间美术宝库中的珍贵宝藏。

庄河剪纸

庄河剪纸源于明末清初，由冀鲁一带的移民传入。它在与本土文化的长期交融过程中，形成了质朴而不失精巧、粗犷而不失俊逸的艺术风格。

庄河剪纸与民众生活息息相关，题材涵盖了当地乡土民情的方方面面，如时令节日、婚丧寿宴、生男育女等等。人们通过窗花、棚花、团花、墙花、喜花、剪纸画等各种剪纸形式表达了祈福纳祥、祛邪避灾的美好愿望。

庄河剪纸沿袭了传统样式和表现手法，多是单色剪纸，以阳刻为主，兼以阴刻。此外，多采用托物寄情或象征手法，反映具有浓厚时代气息的新题材。比如作品《和谐奥运》的画面是五只螃蟹围绕着地球，背上有五朵荷花，图案上方站着五个套色福娃，寓意奥运会使五大洲的人们更加和（荷）谐（蟹）、团结、进步。

庄河剪纸强调对自然物象进行主观改造，具有抽象的形式美。作品中经常出现长眉大眼的人物、比大象肥的猪、比娃娃高的公鸡、一个人搂不过来的鲤鱼等夸张造型，形象饱满厚重，极具艺术感染力。

庄河剪纸的主要作品有《抓髻娃娃》、《寿星》、《双蛇送福》、《凤凰牡丹》、《双喜鸳鸯》、《十二生肖图》、《双喜凤凰》、《麒麟送子》等。

岫岩剪纸

岫岩满族剪纸形成于明末清初，乾隆年间最为流行。岫岩满族剪纸以满族农家妇女为创作主体，表现手法以镂空、成片为主，作品造型奇特夸张，具有古朴粗犷、浑厚洗练的特色。

岫岩满族剪纸根植于广大民众的生活中，与当地的文化传统和民风民俗息息相关。满族人有春节悬挂笺的习俗。每到年节，家家户户用五色彩纸剪成挂笺悬挂于门窗横额、室内大梁等处，烘托喜庆的气氛。后来由挂笺逐渐发展出窗花、棚花、炕围花、灯花等剪纸形式，并在满族婚丧嫁娶、时令节日、宗教礼仪中广为应用。每逢喜事，要剪些带有龙凤、鸳鸯图案的喜字贴在门上、墙上、车上；遇到白事，就要剪些团花、纸幡寄托哀思；端午节一到，还要剪金鸡、蜈蚣等贴在墙上驱邪避疫。

岫岩满族剪纸的造型以祖辈传下来的“底样”为依据，构图讲究对称，多采用折叠剪刻。在表现主题方面，中国老百姓喜闻乐见的传统题材，如福、寿、娃娃、鱼等，在岫岩满族剪纸中处处可见。此外，虎、鹿、熊、豹等渔猎时期与人们生活关系密切的飞禽走兽，以及柞蚕、板栗等当地特产，也成为岫岩满族剪纸经久不衰的主题。岫岩满族剪纸的主要作品有《千蝶图》、《水浒人物图》、《八旗颂》、《坐福》等。