南京城墙导游词（范文）

第一篇：南京城墙导游词（范文）

南京城墙导游词

南京明城墙是“人穷其谋、地尽其险、天造地设”，此言不虚。下面是，仅供大家参考。

篇一：南京城墙导游词

各位游客，我们现在来到了中华门城堡。城是人类社会由野蛮向文明发展的标志之一。城在古代是重要的战略、防御工事。也是人类生活的基本空间屏障。我国有三千年的建城史，有两千多座大小城池。建于600多年前至今基本保存完好的南京城垣全长33。676公里，比巴黎城墙还要长，是世界至今保存最好最大的都城城垣，是全国重要文物保护单位。1356年朱元璋攻下元朝统治的“集庆路”，改名“应天”，他听取了谋士朱升的建议“高筑墙，广积粮，缓称王”。花费21年的时间兴建了这城池。

当年朱元璋在修筑明城墙的时候，用了黄金600万两，这样的巨资一半是由国库所拨款，另外一半是由江南的富户摊派的。而江南首富，沈万三认领了将近三分之一的建城费用。

修城所用的砖都是来自湖南、湖北、江西、江苏、安徽五省，由20多万工匠烧制。使用五省烧制的城砖3。5亿块，砖的规格长40cm、宽20cm、厚10cm、重约15-20kg。每块砖的侧面都刻有烧砖工匠、提调官等人的名字以及烧制时间等字样，以示责任到人，也正因为如此严格的责任制才使600多年前的这座明城墙历经战火依然保留至今。城墙上的字揩书、行书、草书、篆书、隶书均可见到，刻字方法有阴刻和阳刻，城砖上的字数最多的达69字。南京明城墙中还使用了六朝、南唐旧城砖。

南京城墙的建设可分为四个阶段，第一阶段是对六朝和南唐以来遗留下来的部分旧城加以整修和扩建，疏浚河道;第二阶段是与凤阳中都并建时期，对旧城垣维修加固，并向北拓宽到江边;第三阶段是集中南京建成，改造聚宝、三山、通济等城门，这时南京城已初显规模;第四阶段开始修建外廓，周长百里，有外城门十八座。

朱元璋于1366年到1386年建造南京城垣，建造的这座城堡打破了传统建筑中轴方位对称的模式，而是因地制宜，负山绕水，采取沿岗垅之脊筑城;利用天然河湖，挖土方填充城墙形成高城深壕，以实战的需要而建造的。明京城形状似葫芦(又说似芭蕉扇)南北长10千米，东西长5。67千米。数十万人耗时21年建的南京城垣，周长33。676千米(今存23。743千米)。南京城墙高14-26M，城基宽14M，上宽4-9M;外层墙上设有雉堞(箭垛)13616个，藏兵洞200多座。除岗丘外，城下部以石灰石条石为础，上部砌城砖，砌砖用蓼草浆、石灰、细沙、桐油拌成的夹浆粘合。明城墙之所以600年屹立不倒，正是因为使用了这种黏合剂。

城墙的顶部用砖砌成外高内低的斜坡，城墙两边内侧有水槽。女墙每间隔60米，就设一个出挑70cm的石水槽，将城墙上的水排到城内石明洞，再由排水沟将水排出城外。这个排水系统同时也可以将城内地面涝水排出城外。

“内十三，外十八，城门栓子向外插。”这句南京的谚语正好说出了南京的城门数目。南京城十三个城门可以用清朝吴敬梓的歌诀来说：“三山聚宝连通济，洪武朝阳达太平，神策金川临钟阜，仪风(定)淮清(凉)到石城”，瓮城有一瓮、二瓮、三瓮;外郭设门18座，由于外廓的城门多是由黄土夯制，民间俗称“土城头”，因此没有保留至今的的外廓城门;但如尧化门、麒麟门、仙鹤门、安德门、江东门等仍旧做为地名使用。

中华门城堡原名叫“聚宝门”，因为正对着城南的聚宝山而得名，1931年因在它的北面修了一条中华路，而更名为“中华门”。这门上的三个字，是蒋介石先生手书的。中华门是内外秦淮河距离最近的地方，地势极为险要，易守难攻，能起到一夫当关，万夫莫开的作用。城堡南北长129米，宽118米，占地一万六千五百多平方米。中华门一城三瓮，它的平面呈一个“目”字型，两侧有二道登城马道，城堡内有27个藏兵洞。

中华门城堡由三个瓮城组成，8。5米高的内城墙将城堡内三座瓮城相连，三道瓮城形成“目”字型封闭格局。城堡的东西两侧，有两条宽11米的登城马道，是战时运送军用物资上城的快道，也是将领驱马直上的通道。马道、内墙使守兵可居高四面向下攻击，令突入之敌无处遁逃。在中华门城堡内，有27个大大小小的藏兵洞，藏兵洞是供士兵休息及摆放一些备战的物资的地方，南面第一道城门的底层两侧各有3个，登城马道下各有7个藏兵洞，第二层还有7个藏兵洞，可以藏兵3000。在从两侧的马道继续走，可以到达第三层平台，明代时第三层上建有镝楼，现在我们已经看不到了，它毁于日本侵略者的战火。现为平坦楼台。中华门城堡每道瓮城都有一门一闸。每道拱式门都是双扇铁皮包裹的木质大门，洞内设有可以上下启动的千斤闸，每道瓮城上正中原原都设有一个小城楼，楼内有升降千斤闸的绞盘车，现在升降千斤闸的绞盘车已无存。现在城门洞两侧可以见到从底到顶宽20厘米的石槽就是当年升降千斤闸的长槽。但我们任然可以想象出，在冷兵器时代。敌军攻破城门，涌入城内，城门里的千斤闸就会迅速降落，切断敌人退路，将敌军困在瓮城之中，然后藏兵洞中伏兵四出，或万千齐放，或礌石滚木齐下，歼敌于封死的瓮中，恰如“关门打狗”“瓮中捉鳖”

中华门城堡在军事上是古城的一大屏障，对守护南京起着重要作用，西有外秦淮，西南至北为长江，故此门极为重要。1853年太平天国洪秀全率太平天国起义军和清军的一次次激战、1911年辛亥革命时期江浙联军司令徐绍桢指挥部队与张勋的清军殊死搏斗、最惊心动魄的是抗日战争中的南京保卫战，国民党将领唐生智率领守军84师顶住了日军30多次进攻，与日军展开肉搏战谱写了中华民族的正气之歌。中华门城堡西面还有沈万三故居。研究古代京城的宫城、皇城、京城、外郭可以了解古人生活的都城及建城的思想观念有重要意义。

篇二：南京城墙导游词

南京城的城墙高度一般在14米到21米之间，城基的宽度为14米左右，顶部的宽度在4米到9米之间。大部分的城墙都先用花岗岩或石灰岩的条石做基础，上面再用大砖垒砌内外两壁和顶部，内外壁之间常用碎砖，砾石和黄土层层夯实。城墙顶部和内外两壁的砖缝里，都浇灌一种“夹浆”。这种夹浆用石灰，糯米汁(或高粱汁)或再加桐油掺和而成，凝固后粘着力很强，使城墙能够经久不坏。墙顶用砖铺成地面并砌成“雉堞”(指城墙顶部靠外一侧的锯齿状矮墙)，并有石制的泄水槽以排出雨水。城基部分每隔一定距离也设有排水洞，将城墙内侧的积水排出城外。因此，南京城的基础工程和防护工程都是比较牢固的，故能屹立至今600多年之久。城墙现存21。35公里，仍然是我国最大的一座砖城，并被定为全国重点文物保护单位。

现存南京明城墙为应天府城即京城，城门计有13座，水关两座。城墙上还有垛口13616个，窝铺200座，以供军事防守之用。在城的中央还建有钟楼和鼓楼。

这13座城门的上部，都建有高耸的城楼，而以聚宝门最为雄伟。聚宝，三山和通济三座城门各有城墙四道，每两道之间的空间称为“瓮城”，可作为战时的防守之用。聚宝门是这些城门中最坚固的一个，城楼以下部分基本保存完整，而且有所谓“藏军洞”的特殊设施。“藏军洞”实际上就是里端封闭的砖券门洞，在战时可供兵士休息和用来存放军事物资。这种“藏军洞”在聚宝门最南一道的城墙上计有两层共13个，左右两侧的城墙下部又各有7个，加起来有27个。据说，每洞可容纳兵士100人以上，共可藏兵达3000人以上。这种设施在我国古代的其他大城中是极为少见的。每座城门都有内外两道门，外面一道是从城头上放下来的“千斤闸”，具有坚固的防御作用;里面一道则是木质再加铁皮做成的两扇大门。在平时，行人车马都从城门洞里通过。

南京明城墙的防，排水系统科学适用，功能包括城垣自身防，排水和对城区的防，排水两部分。城墙填层上部，采用桐油，石灰，黄工拌合的灰浆封顶夯实，厚约1—2米，在其上面和沿墙体两侧直至墙根用灰浆砌筑5—10余层城砖;墙体顶面设置了石质排水明沟，在其明沟约50米距离设置石质出水槽将水排出墙体。城区的防，排水系统，主要是利用城墙底部设置的水关，涵闸。在秦淮河出，入口处分别建有东水关和西水关，水关设有闸门3道，前后2道为木闸门，中间设铁栅门以防潜水入城之敌。东水关内侧还设有33座瓮洞，分为3层(上面两层为藏兵洞)，下层(中洞可通船)通水。此外，还设有金川河闸，玄武湖的“通心水坝”(即武庙闸)，前湖的半山园闸与琵琶湖的琵琶闸等多处涵闸。这些涵闸，设有铜，铁管和铜水闸，只能进水不可进人，设计巧妙，结构合理。

篇三：南京城墙导游词

“城门城门几丈高?三十六丈高。骑白马，带把刀，城门底下走一遭。”我从小喜欢明城墙，周末总要缠着爸爸带我去城墙上玩。几年时间，我玩遍了南京的各处城墙及城门，它给我的课余生活带来了许多乐趣。

有一次，爸爸带我经过富贵山隧道附近时，我突然眼睛一亮，发现前面露出了少许城墙。我们顺着城墙根，骑车缓缓前行，然后顺着一级一级的台阶走下去，如诗如画的琵琶湖如世外桃源般出现在我们眼前。带着“柳暗花明又一村”的惊喜，我们发现琵琶湖的四面除了入口，其他都被城墙围了起来，我想在古代这应该是个易守难攻的军事要塞吧!

还有一次，我们在一座城墙下发现了一个隐蔽的洞口，里面可黑了。好奇的我坚持要爸爸带手电筒陪我进洞瞧瞧。带着既害怕又好奇的心情，我们曲折前行，有些地方要弯腰才能通过，十几分钟后才到尽头。后来，我才知道这是明城墙所特有的藏兵洞，每个藏兵洞能容纳一百多名士兵呢，真想不到古人设计城墙时考虑得这么周全呀!在城墙的城砖上我还发现了许多字或符号，还有鬼脸，真有趣。

亲爱的朋友，如果你也喜欢南京明城墙的话，就和我一起去探究吧!

第二篇：西安城墙导游词

西安城墙是我国中世纪机后期历史上最著名的城垣之一，也是我国古代城垣中至今保存最完整的一处，下面是关于西安城墙导游词范文的内容，欢迎阅读！西安城墙导游词

大家早上好！欢迎大家来到古城西安，很高兴认识大家，我是你们本次的导游，我叫许晨轩，大家叫我许导或晨轩就可以了。下面让我们开始西安古城墙之旅吧！

首先，我给大家简单介绍一下西安古城墙，西安古城墙又称为西安明城墙，位于陕西省西安市中心区，墙高12米，顶宽12-14米，底宽15-18米，轮廓呈封闭的长方形，周长13.74千米。城墙内人们习惯称为古城区，面积11.32平方千米，著名的西安钟鼓楼就位于古城中心。

请大家紧跟我不要掉队，我们前面的是城墙的主城门，像这样的城门共有四座：我们面前的长乐门（东门）；还有永宁门（南门）；安定门（西门），安远门（北门）。它们四座城门作为明城墙的原有城门，因当时的军事，防御需要，都是单门洞，且都修建了三道城墙，两道城墙之间又形成了翁城。至今为止，四座城门中除永宁门外，其余三座城门都只剩下两道城墙。

好了，下面是大家自由活动的时间，请大家一个小时后在这里集合。

本次游览结束，感谢大家对我工作的支持，谢谢大家，祝大家身体健康，万事如意，以后有缘再见。

西安城墙，是古都西安的标志性景观。现存的城墙建于明朝初年，是中国现存最完整的古城墙。城墙总周长约14公里，是在唐代皇城的基础上建成的，包括护城河、角楼等一系列设施。

目前西安城墙共有八处可以登城，分别是：东门(长乐门)、南门(永宁门)、西门(安定门)、北门(安远门)、含光门、文昌门、和平门、尚德门，游客可以就近登城。其中南门是西安城的迎宾门，也是游客选择最多登城的一个门。

除了步行，在城墙上骑自行车是一种很不错的游览方式，在骑行中，你会有一种时光穿越的感觉。目前在东、南、西、北等四门都有租借自行车服务，骑行结束后在上述任一门都可以返还自行车(景区规定会有变化，建议租借时再咨询确定)。同时这四个门还提供观光车环绕服务，你可以乘坐观光电动车，在城墙上绕城一圈，全程约50分钟。

在西安城墙游览，还有机会观赏到一些特有的演出活动，如仿古开城仪式展演、城墙民俗展演，演出地点都在南门，具体演出时间可参照网站或电话咨询。

敌台明代扩建后的西安城墙，每隔120米修敌台一座，突出在城墙之外，顶与城墙面平，是专为射杀爬城的敌人设置的。敌台之间距离的一半，恰好在弓箭的有效射程之内，便于从侧面射杀攻城的敌人。城墙上共有敌台98座，上面都建有驻兵的敌楼。正楼(城楼)、箭楼、闸楼冷兵器时代武器落后，城门又是唯一的出入通道，因而这里是守城者苦心经营的防御重点。西安城东、西、南、北四座城门，分别有正楼、箭楼、闸楼三重城楼。闸楼在最外，其作用是升降吊桥;箭楼在中，正面和两侧设有方形窗口，供射箭用;正楼在最里面，是城的正门。角楼西安城墙四角都有突出城外的角台。除西南角是圆形(可能是为了保持唐皇城转角原状)外，其它的角台都是方形的。角台上修有比敌台更为高大的“角楼”，表明了这里在战争中的重要地位。

第三篇：西安城墙英文导游词

西安城墙英文导游词

西安城墙是明朝出年在明太祖朱元璋的政策“高筑墙、广积粮、缓称王”的指导下，在唐皇城的基础上建成的。下面是西安城墙景点导游词，希望可以帮到大家。

篇一：西安城墙英文导游词

All visitors:

China has hundreds of ancient city wall, which with the biggest scale of ancient city wall in Beijing, Nanjing and Xi'an, but Beijing, the ancient city wall of Nanjing has been destroyed or badly damaged, and was founded in the year 1370 of ancient city wall of Xi'an so far are still intact.Japanese Emperor's visit to Xian, put “the eighth wonder of the world,” Qin terracotta pit can not, they boarded the 600 years ago Westgate tower built in the, a taste of the ancient city wall majestic appearance.Please follow me to visit the ancient city wall of Xi'an.For visitors, these days we have been in the garage or enjoy the sunset in the dawn of the ancient city walls are colorful and ancient deep.Now we come to the foot of the wall, please go to the city wall tour.You must want to know what the real meaning of the city wall is.The word “city wall” was originally derived from the word “city”.“City” according to the “Shuowen” explains, phonetic loan characters “Sheng”, “Sheng” is satisfied that the people, so the original meaning of the word “city” is soil around the people and country, which leads to the walls of righteousness.Known as the backbone of the Chinese nation's “the Great Wall city” Yu, is also the meaning of the wall.Just later with the development of society, the word “city” also contains the interpretation of today's city.“City” first appeared in the Zhou Dynasty of Jin Wenzhong, see the physical embodiment of the military use of the ancient city wall from the shape.Military role of walls is protecting private ownership, and in ideology, wall body size and patriarchal clan system strictly reflect.Obviously the ruler is to create the wall, use it to protect themselves, that paul.Now we see the walls of Xi'an, is one of the most famous Chinese wall construction history.It from the Ming Hong Wu for three years(year 1370)Zhu Yuanzhang, issued an edict to repair the city to start, to Hong Wu eleven years(1378 AD)completed, which lasted 8 years is in the capital of the Sui and Tang Dynasties on the basis of the imperial city building expansion and, after successive repairs, basically maintained complete feudal society the walls of the building appearance, reflecting the outstanding achievement of Chinese ancient fortification technology.Fellow tourists, then the city wall of Xi'an in the end how much it.Its structure is how? According to estimates, Xi'an city wall circumference of 11.9 kilometers, the east wall 2590 meters, west wall 2631.2 meters, south wall 3441.6 meters, north wall 3241 meters.Such a scale is relatively rare at home and abroad.We saw the walls built outside the four guard gates of the town, called the urn.The so-called urn, meaning for the enemy once inside, will be the Barbican wall above the attack from all sides, like bottled up, unable to escape.Wengcheng also built a guard in the town, called the goat horse.Ancient gate Kai has closed the stipulated time, shut the gate after has not been returned to town can be together with holding his sheep, drive the horses into the sheep in Oklahoma City and modern city park area rest, waiting to open the gates to the city.Xi'an city has been completely destroyed in the late Qing Dynasty in sheep.Remember in 1986 in Xi'an City Andingmen(Simon)Barbican outside the north about 17.5 meters place found sheep Oklahoma City on the north side of the doorway, 5.5 meters long, 2.4 meters wide.Now we can see the gate Wengcheng lateral repaired sheep Macheng, wall 198 meters long, 9.5 meters high.篇二：西安城墙英文导游词

First of all we visited is a magnificent momentum of the city wall of the Ming dynasty.The walls of our eyes are bright.Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang believes that “such as landscape solid, non storage by deep trenches and high ramparts, and not for security.” So from the Ming Hong Wu for three years(year 1370)Xiazhao repair the city commenced, took eight years to complete, is in the capital of the Sui and Tang Dynasties on the basis of the Imperial City, to the North East, each expansion of the 1 / 4 points to build a form today's walls.Now we see the city wall is a thing long, short and long rectangular, 13.79 km circumference, an area of 11.5 square kilometers.Is a function of careful design, form the magnificent military defense facilities.I will give you down respectively building structure of the various parts of both the one one walls were introduced:

First of all we see is the moat, also called the “moat”, it is the first line of defense to prevent the enemy attack.Across the moat only channel is our immediate suspension.The bridge in the past by the soldiers guard the gates in charge, they obey the command timing lifting morning bell and evening drum--reminders “.Once the war is coming, the bridge was high up, the whole city will become a closed fortress.Just a friend of mine asked where control of suspension bridge, this is what we are here to visit the gates of, the above is building gate, namely lift bridge between control.Shing Mun is a very important part of the defense facilities, so now, please follow me into the Shing Mun, to understand the walls of the other part of the.In fact, the perfect gate is composed of gate building, floor, watchtower.We see the outside is a building gate, lifting its most important role is to control the suspension bridge, and also has the night watchman role.Gate building is two story mount structure, although the form is very simple, but has a decisive role.This is the two line of defense of the city.In front of the building to see the watchtower.A total of 66 watchtower arrow window hole, the formation of the attack surface of a fan-shaped, but by window down killing the enemy soldiers.Between the gate and building the watchtower, the formation of the half space, we called the barbican.Its role is if the enemy invaded the gates into the urn, when attacked by 4 urn face condescending, like wengzhongzhuobie.We can see on the opposite side of the building is building, it is the innermost layer of the wall of building construction.Is building form style chongyanxieshan, he took command of the garrison is wartime command.The tall gate, the gate is the struggle between the two sides fighting the weak link, is also the ruler built defense key.Built in the Ming Dynasty wall, attaches great importance to the defense function of gate.Where they have a very high technological breakthrough, breaking the began in the Western Han Dynasty follows the 1500 year old ”lintel“ Gates, the biggest drawback is the fire attack, so there is ”gates of fire, disaster and later Fish“ story.Ming Dynasty city gate the coupons arch openings, can effectively resist incendiary attacks, so greatly improve the defense ability of the walls.Xi'an city wall door from top to lower transverse hoop 9 width 15 cm of iron bars, the 1800 mushroom nailing, strengthen the intensity of the door leaf, make arrows cannot be launched into the door, so as to strengthen the attack against the gates of.This is the third line of the city wall.We can see a few words Yongning gate gate.In the Ming city wall of Xi'an East, West, North and south each have a city gate.South Gate, Yongning gate, mean south is Vulcan is located, is not to fire prayer, fires, eternal peace.East Gate of Changle gate, Hetuvidya capital city, Nanjing is located in the east of Xi'an, the word ”Changle“ with prayer wish Daming Jiangshan million years is not bad, long happy desire.Simon to Andingmen, suggesting that western frontier Aetna Kangding.The north gate of ANN Town, northern frontier means long-term stability, not war.Now we have to climb the wall, to feel his magnificent momentum.The bottom wall with lime, loess, glutinous rice juice and stir ramming, after drying, as hard as stone.The history of the wall had several repairs, two of the most famous.The first is in Ming Longqing 2002(1568 AD), at the Shaanxi provincial governor Zhang worshiped at the bottom of the wall top surface and an external wall are package to build the brick make the walls look magnificent and majestic.During the reign of the Qing Dynasty, at the Shaanxi governor, Bi Yuan and the walls were large-scale maintenance, reinforcement, will brick package thickening, the laying of sea of plaster, and upgrading the drainage system.The top of the walls on the plane is a sea of plaster, it is raised the city soldiers puta will channel, with tabia bottom covered with two layers of bricks and into, can be convenient to the city traffic and prevent water infiltration.Sea of plaster from outside to inside is 5 degrees of inclination, the rain quickly into the city inside the gutters, effectively protect the wall are not immersed in water to protect the wall.Walls of each separated by 40-60 meters a sink.They masonry structure, attached on the inside walls, direct from the top of the wall to wall, communicated and ditches.Xi'an city wall is preserved, the complete drainage system has played a significant role.In order to ensure soldiers and chariot safe walking in the city, at the top of the wall built along the wall yu.In order to facilitate observation, and on the outer edge of the building wall.Square hole in the wall at the bottom of the eye is also called hanging out, a glimpse of soldiers shooting place.A solid pier projecting along the outer wall called the Barbican, commonly known as navodon.On the wall a total of 98.The towers are 120 meters apart, the distance and the weapons of the past are related, the midpoint of 120 meters is 60 meters

篇三：西安城墙景点简介

Xi'an is located in the downtown area, rectangular, wall 12 meters high, 18 meters wide at the bottom, top width of 15 meters, 2590 meters long west east wall, south wall wall of 2631.2 meters long, 3441.6 meters long, the north wall is 3241 meters long, the total circumference of 11.9 km.There are four gate: East Gate of Changle, Xi'an door, South Yongning gate, north of the town, each of the Shing Mun are by the watchtower and the tower.The existing walls built in the Ming Hong Wu seven years to 11 years 1374-1378, has been 600 years of history, is China's most complete extant ancient walls of buildings.Xi'an city wall is the Ming Dynasty the years in policy of Zhu Yuanzhang ”high walls, wide accumulate grain, slow the guidance of kings“ under, built on the basis of the Tang imperial.Completely around the ”defense" strategy system is greater than the thickness of the wall height, solid as a mountain, the top of the wall and practicing sports can.Walls include moat, drawbridge, building gate, watchtower, is buildings, towers, fortresses, parapet, forts and other a series of military facilities.Since the completion of the wall after three major renovations.Longqing two years(1568), Shaanxi provincial governor Zhang Zhi presided over the restoration of Tucheng first into brick city;Qing Emperor Qianlong 46 years(1781), Shaanxi governor, Bi source host on the walls and towers were renovated;since 1983, in Shaanxi Province and Xi'an Municipal People's Government of the city wall the large-scale renovation, construction has been the demolition of the east gate, north gate of the watchtower, on the South Gate building, suspension bridge, and built around the park, so that this ancient building glow in the old style, has become a tourist attraction for visitors in Xi'an.

第四篇：西安城墙小学生导游词

导游词，是导游人员引导游客观光游览时的讲解词，是导游员同游客交流思想，向游客传播文化知识的工具，也是应用写作研究的文体之一。特点是口语化，还具有知识性、文学性、礼节性等特点。今天小编就为大家提供了西安城墙小学生导游词，希望能给您带来帮助。

西安城墙小学生导游词

各位游客：

中国拥有数百座古代城墙，其中以北京、南京、西安的古城墙的规模最大，但是北京、南京古城墙先后被拆毁或严重的残缺，而始建于公元1370年的西安古城墙迄今仍保存完整。日本皇访华来西安时，放着“世界第八大奇迹”秦俑坑不看，却登上了始建于600多年前的西门城楼，领略了这座古代城墙的雄姿。下面请大家跟我一起实地去参观西安古城墙。

【城墙的起源】

各位游客，这几天我们已经在车行晨曦或晚霞中领略了古城墙的多彩多姿和古朴深沉。现在我们来到城墙脚下，请大家走上城墙游览。

大家一定想知道城墙的真正含义是什么。“城墙”一词原是从“城”字引申而来。“城”按《说文》解释，是“盛”的通假字，“盛”是纳民，所以“城”字的本义是土围民而成国，由此引出城墙一义。被誉为中华民族脊梁的万里长城的“城”宇，同样是城墙的意思。只是后来随着社会的发展，“城”字又包含了今天城市的解释。“城”字最早出现在周朝的金文中，从字形看活生生地体现了古代城墙的军事用途。城墙的军事作用是保卫私有制，而在意识形态上看，城墙的形体规模又是等级森严的宗法制的严格体现。显然统治者营造城墙，是用它来保护自己，宣示国威。现在我们看到的西安城墙，是中国历史上最著名的城垣建筑之一。它从明洪武三年（公元1370年）朱元璋下诏修城开始动工，至洪武十一年（公元1378年）完工，历时8年，是在隋唐京城的皇城基础上扩筑而成的，经过历代修葺，基本上保持着完整的封建社会城垣建筑的面貌，反映了中国古代筑城技术的杰出成就。

【城垣规模和结构设施】

各位游客，那么西安城墙到底有多大呢？它的结构又是怎样的？据测算，西安城墙周长11。9千米，其中东城墙2590米，西城墙2631。2米，南城墙3441。6米，北城墙3241米。这样的规模在国内外都是比较少见的。

大家看见城墙四门外筑有护卫城门的小城，那叫做瓮城。所谓的瓮城，意为敌人一旦进入，就会受到瓮城城墙上面的四面夹击，犹如瓮中之鳖，无法逃脱的。瓮城外还筑有拱卫瓮城的小城，古称羊马城。古时候大城门的启闭有规定时间，关闭城门后尚未回城的人可连同自己牵的羊、赶的马等，进入羊马城以及今环城公园地带歇息，等候开城门后再进城。西安的羊马城在清末已全毁。记得1986年在西安城安定门（西门）瓮城北门外约17。5米处发现羊马城北侧门道，长5。5米，宽2。4米。现在大家能看到南门瓮城外侧已修复的羊马城，墙体长198米，高9。5米。

护城河外曾有拱卫四城门的四个夯筑土城叫郭城。据《西安府志》卷九记载：唐天祐年间，韩建筑东郭小城和西郭小城。宋、金、元皆因之。明洪武年间拓城时，东郭小城大部分被包在大城内，留在城外的即为东郭新城。明后期西郭小城记。目前，四关郭城墙体仅存部分残段，郭门仅在地名上留有其名称。

现在我们来到西安城内东北处，这里曾经是明秦王府城，简称王城。明初，朱元津封其次子为秦王，命其坐镇西安，加强对西北的控制。整个秦王府城分为两重城墙。外城墙称萧墙，全系土筑成。内城墙因外砌青砖，故称砖墙。明灭后，萧墙被毁。清雍正年间，西安修庙宇，秦王府的建筑多被拆除，砖城改为八旗教场。目前秦王府砖城只存夯土城残段若干处。

明代建西安城时，全城城门有4座：“长乐”、“永宁”、“安定”、“安远”。门名刻于大城门洞外的青石门据上。大城城门上所建的楼房称城楼，也叫正楼，是守城指挥官的指挥所。瓮城城门洞上所建之楼称箭楼，因楼壁辟有箭窗，是当时发箭防御之用。到了民国时又开辟了4座城门，俗称小四门：中山门（小东门），在现在的东新街东端，是为纪念孙中山修建的；勿幕门（小南门），在今天的四府街南端；玉祥门（小西门），在莲湖路西端，解放后，此门被拆；解放门（小北门），原名中正门，在解放路北端，当年因为陇海路通车到西安而修建，到了1952年因扩建火车站而被拆除。西安在解放后也开辟了新城门，南墙有建国门、和平门、文昌门、朱雀门、含光门。北墙有尚德门。东墙有朝阳门。

一般游客知道明代建筑西安城墙时有98座敌台，台上均建有敌楼。但1982年西安市城墙管理所实地调查发现，那些古敌楼没有留下一个，只有部分尚存础石。之后，西安重建敌楼12座，为砖木结构，歇山顶式，重檐二层楼，底层周设回廊。

古代城垣设施不仅修建敌楼、箭楼作用武之备，还修建魁星楼以祭把主宰文运之神魁星。西安魁星楼建在南门城楼东，后遭兵火毁坏。后来在原址上复建魁星楼，值得看一看。

【焕发新颜的古城墙】

各位游客，经过十多年的整体开发，古都西安已把位于市中心的残破的明代城垣，改造成颇具特色、中外罕见的环城旅游风景区。1983年，西安市开始了建国以来规模最大的文物保护开发，到1997年底累计投资2。27亿元，不仅全面修缮了城墙，填补了大小洞穴1650个，还重建敌楼四座、角楼2座以及南门月城、闸楼、吊桥各一处，同时对环城河、林、路进行了全面的整治。现在，从14条被修复的马道缓步登城，能见到长1334o米的城垛，还有11500米的女儿墙也全部修复。站在高12米的城头上举目远眺，南边的终南山、北部的渭水河遥遥相望；俯首四顾，城内城外市容尽收眼底。城上还陈列弓弩。滚木、擂石等防卫工具，城下复设吊桥、云梯，供人使用参观。从城墙下到环城河边，修建了20多座桥，城河到城脚之间的环城绿化带，成了西安最大的绿化公园，茅屋瓦舍，仿古亭廊，诗碑雕塑，应有尽有。

第五篇：西安城墙英文导游词

西安城墙又称西安明城墙，是中国现存规模最大、保存最完整的古代城垣，是第一批全国重点文物保护单位、国家AAAA级旅游景区。广义的西安城墙包括西安唐城墙和西安明城墙，但一般特指狭义上的西安明城墙。下面是小编带来的西安城墙景点导游词，希望可以帮到大家。西安城墙英文导游词篇一

China has hundreds of ancient city wall, which with the biggest scale of ancient city wall in Beijing, Nanjing and Xi'an, but Beijing, the ancient city wall of Nanjing has been destroyed or badly damaged, and was founded in the year 1370 of ancient city wall of Xi'an so far are still intact.Japanese Emperor's visit to Xian, put “the eighth wonder of the world,” Qin terracotta pit can not, they boarded the 600 years ago Westgate tower built in the, a taste of the ancient city wall majestic appearance.Please follow me to visit the ancient city wall of Xi'an.For visitors, these days we have been in the garage or enjoy the sunset in the dawn of the ancient city walls are colorful and ancient deep.Now we come to the foot of the wall, please go to the city wall tour.Fellow tourists, then the city wall of Xi'an in the end how much it.Its structure is how? According to estimates, Xi'an city wall circumference of 11.9 kilometers, the east wall 2590 meters, west wall 2631.2 meters, south wall 3441.6 meters, north wall 3241 meters.Such a scale is relatively rare at home and abroad.We saw the walls built outside the four guard gates of the town, called the urn.The so-called urn, meaning for the enemy once inside, will be the Barbican wall above the attack from all sides, like bottled up, unable to escape.Wengcheng also built a guard in the town, called the goat horse.Ancient gate Kai has closed the stipulated time, shut the gate after has not been returned to town can be together with holding his sheep, drive the horses into the sheep in Oklahoma City and modern city park area rest, waiting to open the gates to the city.Xi'an city has been completely destroyed in the late Qing Dynasty in sheep.Remember in 1986 in Xi'an City Andingmen(Simon)Barbican outside the north about 17.5 meters place found sheep Oklahoma City on the north side of the doorway, 5.5 meters long, 2.4 meters wide.Now we can see the gate Wengcheng lateral repaired sheep Macheng, wall 198 meters long, 9.5 meters high.

Xi'an is located in the downtown area, rectangular, wall 12 meters high, 18 meters wide at the bottom, top width of 15 meters, 2590 meters long west east wall, south wall wall of 2631.2 meters long, 3441.6 meters long, the north wall is 3241 meters long, the total circumference of 11.9 km.There are four gate: East Gate of Changle, Xi'an door, South Yongning gate, north of the town, each of the Shing Mun are by the watchtower and the tower.Xi'an city wall is the Ming Dynasty the years in policy of Zhu Yuanzhang “high walls, wide accumulate grain, slow the guidance of kings” under, built on the basis of the Tang imperial.Completely around the “defense” strategy system is greater than the thickness of the wall height, solid as a mountain, the top of the wall and practicing sports can.Walls include moat, drawbridge, building gate, watchtower, is buildings, towers, fortresses, parapet, forts and other a series of military facilities.Since the completion of the wall after three major renovations.Longqing two years(1568), Shaanxi provincial governor Zhang Zhi presided over the restoration of Tucheng first into brick city;Qing Emperor Qianlong 46 years(1781), Shaanxi governor, Bi source host on the walls and towers were renovated;since 1983, in Shaanxi Province and Xi'an Municipal People's Government of the city wall the large-scale renovation, construction has been the demolition of the east gate, north gate of the watchtower, on the South Gate building, suspension bridge, and built around the park, so that this ancient building glow in the old style, has become a tourist attraction for visitors in Xi'an.

First of all we visited is a magnificent momentum of the city wall of the Ming dynasty.The walls of our eyes are bright.Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang believes that “such as landscape solid, non storage by deep trenches and high ramparts, and not for security.” Now we see the city wall is a thing long, short and long rectangular, 13.79 km circumference, an area of 11.5 square kilometers.Is a function of careful design, form the magnificent military defense facilities.I will give you down respectively building structure of the various parts of both the one one walls were introduced:

First of all we see is the moat, also called the “moat”, it is the first line of defense to prevent the enemy attack.Across the moat only channel is our immediate suspension.The bridge in the past by the soldiers guard the gates in charge, they obey the command timing lifting morning bell and evening drum--reminders “.Once the war is coming, the bridge was high up, the whole city will become a closed fortress.Just a friend of mine asked where control of suspension bridge, this is what we are here to visit the gates of, the above is building gate, namely lift bridge between control.Shing Mun is a very important part of the defense facilities, so now, please follow me into the Shing Mun, to understand the walls of the other part of the.In fact, the perfect gate is composed of gate building, floor, watchtower.We see the outside is a building gate, lifting its most important role is to control the suspension bridge, and also has the night watchman role.Gate building is two story mount structure, although the form is very simple, but has a decisive role.This is the two line of defense of the city.In front of the building to see the watchtower.A total of 66 watchtower arrow window hole, the formation of the attack surface of a fan-shaped, but by window down killing the enemy soldiers.The tall gate, the gate is the struggle between the two sides fighting the weak link, is also the ruler built defense key.Built in the Ming Dynasty wall, attaches great importance to the defense function of gate.Where they have a very high technological breakthrough, breaking the began in the Western Han Dynasty follows the 1500 year old ”lintel“ Gates, the biggest drawback is the fire attack, so there is ”gates of fire, disaster and later Fish“ story.Ming Dynasty city gate the coupons arch openings, can effectively resist incendiary attacks, so greatly improve the defense ability of the walls.Xi'an city wall door from top to lower transverse hoop 9 width 15 cm of iron bars, the 1800 mushroom nailing, strengthen the intensity of the door leaf, make arrows cannot be launched into the door, so as to strengthen the attack against the gates of.This is the third line of the city wall.We can see a few words Yongning gate gate.In the Ming city wall of Xi'an East, West, North and south each have a city gate.South Gate, Yongning gate, mean south is Vulcan is located, is not to fire prayer, fires, eternal peace.East Gate of Changle gate, Hetuvidya capital city, Nanjing is located in the east of Xi'an, the word ”Changle" with prayer wish Daming Jiangshan million years is not bad, long happy desire.Simon to Andingmen, suggesting that western frontier Aetna Kangding.The north gate of ANN Town, northern frontier means long-term stability, not war.Now we have to climb the wall, to feel his magnificent momentum.The bottom wall with lime, loess, glutinous rice juice and stir ramming, after drying, as hard as stone.The history of the wall had several repairs, two of the most famous.The first is in Ming Longqing 2002(1568 AD), at the Shaanxi provincial governor Zhang worshiped at the bottom of the wall top surface and an external wall are package to build the brick make the walls look magnificent and majestic.During the reign of the Qing Dynasty, at the Shaanxi governor, Bi Yuan and the walls were large-scale maintenance, reinforcement, will brick package thickening, the laying of sea of plaster, and upgrading the drainage system.The top of the walls on the plane is a sea of plaster, it is raised the city soldiers puta will channel, with tabia bottom covered with two layers of bricks and into, can be convenient to the city traffic and prevent water infiltration.Sea of plaster from outside to inside is 5 degrees of inclination, the rain quickly into the city inside the gutters, effectively protect the wall are not immersed in water to protect the wall.Walls of each separated by 40-60 meters a sink.They masonry structure, attached on the inside walls, direct from the top of the wall to wall, communicated and ditches.Xi'an city wall is preserved, the complete drainage system has played a significant role.In order to ensure soldiers and chariot safe walking in the city, at the top of the wall built along the wall yu.In order to facilitate observation, and on the outer edge of the building wall.Square hole in the wall at the bottom of the eye is also called hanging out, a glimpse of soldiers shooting place.A solid pier projecting along the outer wall called the Barbican, commonly known as navodon.On the wall a total of 98.The towers are 120 meters apart, the distance and the weapons of the past are related, the midpoint of 120 meters is 60 meters.