英文演讲稿——基本伦理

第一篇：英文演讲稿——基本伦理

On what basis do we make moral decisions?

• “Do what the Bible tells you”---

• “Follow your conscience”

• “Watch out for #1”---

• “Do the right thing”--The Ethics of

• “Don't dis' me”--The Ethics of

• “...all Men are created...with certain unalienable Rights”--The Ethics of

• “Make the world a better place”—

• “Daddy, that’s not fair”--The Ethics of

• “Be a good person”--Ethics

is equivalent to doing whatever the--or the Qur’an or some other sacred text or source of revelation--tells you to do.“What is” equals “What ”

tells us what is right or wrong

Often has a source

May be founded in a notion ofIs often negative in character, telling us what is

Says the only person to look out for is

Moral Purpose is one’s own happiness that requires rational self-interest

Ayn Rand is a Russian-American novelist, philosopher, playwright, and screenwriter The Ethics of Selfishness, The Fountainhead, and Atlas Shrugged

Begins with the , about doing your duty.Duty may be determined by:

-Do what any rational agent should do(Kant)

role-A physician’s duty to care for the sick

’s duty to care for his or her children

Human interactions should beby rules of respect

What counts as respect canfrom one culture to another

Examples:showing the soles of one’s shoes

What is it that merits respect?

The mostnotion of the past two centuries

conditions of human

Seeks tosuffering andpleasure or happiness

Demands a high degree of—we must consider the

consequences for everyone

Utilitarians claim theof morality is to make the world a better place

Begins early in thewith fairness to all family members

What is fair for should be fair for

may not mean treating them the

Seeks to develop individual(not consequences or rules)

Assumespersons will make

Developed byand Socrates was the teacher of Plato.Plato was the teacher of Aristotle.Aristotle was the teacher of Alexander the Great.Aristotle developed Western Philosophy.Only 1/3 of his works survived.Cicero called his style “a river of gold.”

Integral to the tradition

Founded by St Ignatius of Loyola.It follows the teachings of the Catholic Church.Members participate in The Spiritual Exercises to help them more closely follow Christ.Provides a way of all the theories

第二篇：英语学习之基本伦理演讲稿

Between Relativism and Absolutism

Ethical Relativism has several important insights:

• The need forand The fact of moral We should not pass judgment on practices in otherwhen we don’tthem Sometimes Reasonable people may Differ on what’s morally acceptable

Two Types of Relativism • Descriptive ethical relativism

◦

• Claims as a matter of fact that different cultures havemoral valuesethical relativism

◦ Claims that each culture isRelativism: belief that ethical norms depend on individual or cultural beliefs or preferences;beliefAbsolutism: a command that allows no exceptions

Three Questions about the Meaning of Relativism

(1)Whatof morality is relative?

• Behavior Peripheral values Fundamental or Core values

(2)How •

• All Some None

(3)Relative to What?

• Individuals Cultures Nations Groups

What is relative?

• Behavior

◦

◦

• Different behaviors may exemplify the same value The same behavior may exemplify different values in different culture ◦ Obviously some culturally-specific values

• Core Values

◦ Are there central values found in all cultures?

How much is Relative?

• •

• •

Ethical Relativism: Limitations

• Is unhelpful in dealing with overlaps of cultures--precisely where we need help.◦

◦

◦

• Commerce and trade Media World Wide Web All = Most = Relativistic Pluralism Some = Little = Absolutistic Pluralism None =Is ’t judge others, neither can they judge us

Ethical Relativism: Overlapping Cultures, 1

• • Ethical relativism suggests that we let each culture live as it sees This is only feasible when cultures

Ethical Relativism: Overlapping Cultures, 2

• The actual situation in today’s world is much closer to the diagram.Cultures are constantly

interacting with each other.Ethical Relativism: A Self-Defensive Position

Ethical Absolutism

• • Absolutism comes in many--including the divine right of kings Absolutism is less aboutwe believe and more about Ethical relativism maintains that wemake moral The corollary of this is that we arein principle cultures Common element:

◦ There is a single

Ethical Absolutism, 2

• Ethical absolutism is Correct:

◦ ◦ •

Ethical Pluralism

•insights ofrelativism and absolutism:

◦ ◦ ◦ The central challenge: how to live together withandvalues Moral Sees

We do sometimesto make judgments Certain things are However, we need to always be open to what we can learn from others

Ethical Pluralism, 2

Ethical pluralism offers three categories to describe actions:

• • • Prohibited: those actions which are not seen as permissible at allthose actions and values in which legitimate differences are possiblea moral vision of what the ideal society would be like

Five Questions

• What is the present state? What is the ideal state? What is the minimally acceptable state? How do we get from the present to the minimally acceptable state? How do we get from the minimum to the ideal state?

Developing Moral Common Ground

Goals

• ◦

◦

◦

• ourselves others the issue ◦

◦

◦ agreement where appropriate living with some disagreements changing the situation

第三篇：英语基本伦理演讲稿 二

1Moral concerns are Being moral isto most people’s concept of human flourishing

Analogy: morality is a lot like

Principal concern:The role of

Disagreement

ProfessionalWe come back to

Morality: a-order set ofandabout how to live a good life Ethics: a-order, conscious on the adequacy of our moral beliefs.The goal of ethical reflection is Thus we seek to determine what will

What makes something aissue?

:duties, rights, human welfare, suffering, character, etc.impartial, compassionate, etc.Imagine a situation in which you see a classmate cheating.There are several elements from a moral point of view:

Some people are hurt by the cheating

There is deception in the situation

Cheating seems to be unfair to those who don’t cheat

There are conflicting values—honesty, loyalty, etc.There are questions of character

Some philosophers have argued that moral issues areby a

particular kind of —terms such as duty, obligation, right, and good.Many philosophers have argued that the moral point of view is ’t give my own interest any special weight.Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill

Other philosophers have seen the , feeling for the suffering of other sentient beings.Josiah Royce: “Such as that is for me, so is it for him, nothing less.”

Moral obligations, some philosophers maintain, are what gives them their distinctive Kant: morality is a matter of categorical imperatives.Moral Categorical Imperatives are

“Never treat people merely as a means to your own ends.“Always respect people as ends in themselves”

“Always act in such a way that you could will that everyone follow the same rule that you are following.”

Philosophers from Aristotle onward have seen the primary focus of to be

Two questions:

What ought I to do?(Kant and Mill)

What kind of person ought I to be?(Aristotle)

Ethics as the of Other People’s

We are often eager to pass judgment on others

Ethics as theand

Ethics often used as a

Hypocrisy: speak behind the mask

Possibility ofother people

The right to The right toand

Aims atwhat isEmphasizes for one’s own lifeof theory:

Describe

Explain

Give strength

Prescribe

Open new possibilities Wonder:

What is : Clear-cut, definitive answers

Ethics is likeOne studieshealth, the other Significantin both fields Still there is a significantground are wrong

第四篇：公务员伦理基本含义

一、公务员伦理基本含义

（一）公务员伦理界说

（二）公务员伦理基本问题

二、公务员伦理核心理念

（一）公仆意识的历史考察

（二）防止社会公仆变为社会主人

（三）公仆意识的价值要素

三、公务员理论体系架构

（一）公务员伦理规范体系

（二）行政伦理机制体系

（三）公共行政伦理问题

四、公务员伦理法制建设 加强公务伦理建设

公务员伦理是社会主义伦理在国家行政实践生活中具体体现，是国家公务员在行使公共权力、管理公共事务、提供公共服务、履行行政管理职责活动中形成并应当遵守的原则和规范。

公务员伦理的核心理念是“公仆意识”。“防止国家和国家机关由社会公仆变为社会主人”，是马克思主义廉政学说的基本原理，也是加强公务员伦理法制建设的基点。重视公务员伦理法制建设，已经成为国际性的大趋势。

国家公务员是一种特殊的职业，代表国家和政府行使国家行政权力，执行国家公务，组织管理各项行政事务，肩负着“治国”的历史使命。加强伦理建设能规范行政行为，有利于建立勤政廉政机制，也有利于树立政府在公众心目中的良好形象。

本课程从公务员伦理基本含义、公务员核心理念和公务员伦理法制建设三大方面，详细阐释了加强公务员伦理建设的紧迫性和必要性。旨在帮助公务员认识加强伦理建设的重要性，从而能够自觉规范自己的行政行为，做好人民的公仆。

一、公务员职业道德概述

（一）公务员职业道德内涵

（二）公务员职业道德的特点

二、公务员职业道德主要内容

（一）忠于祖国——立身之本

（二）服务人民——本质要求

（三）恪尽职守——基本素养

（四）公正廉洁——基本品质

三、公务员价值取向

公务员，是党和政府治国理政的重要力量。公务员职业道德，是每一名公务员应当遵守的职业道德规范和行为准则。加强公务员职业道德建设，是贯彻落实“德才兼备，以德为先”用人标准，不断提升公务员队伍职业道德水平的重要举措，对于增强政府和公务员队伍的公信力、巩固党的执政基础具有重要意义。

本课程通过对公务员职业道德的内容、特点的介绍，阐释公务员应具备的正确价值取向，对学员正确认识公务员职业道德，如何恪守公务员职业道德规范，把握正确的价值取向，有重要的指导意义。【培训收益】

•了解我国公务员职业道德的基本内容

•了解我国公务员职业道德的特点

•明确公务员应具备的正确价值取向

•明确公务员职业道德的重要意义

第五篇：英文写作基本句型

1.a fish out of water既可以表示“离水之鱼”，也可以表示“不自在的人”或“感到生疏不适的人”。

2.all but…=almost；nearly，表示”几乎”。它是个含有副词功能的词条。all but…有时可表示“差一点就···”的意思。The skaters on the pond all but broke through the ice.all but有时也可表示“除···之外，全部都”的意思。这时all but。。=all except。I enjoy all but the last one of her novels.3.1 all not表示“并非所有都···”的意思，是部分否定。它的倒装形式为not…all。

All of them do not speak Chinese.(正常语序)=Not all of them speak Chinese.(倒装语序)他们并非全都讲中文。2 every…not,both…not等句型也表示部分否定。Everyone can not be successful.并非每个人都能成功。I can not select both of the schemes.我不能两个方案都选择(只能选择其中一个)。None of 与neither of 均可表示全部否定。I can select neither of the two schemes.两个方案我都做不出选择。

4.1 and that 是用来代替前面句子的全部或一部分，一般用来加强语气，表示“而且”的意思。Everyone seeks for a happy family, and that without any exception.2 and that也作and all that=and some,表示“等等”的意思。He used to take drugs and that when he was young.他年轻的时候常常吸毒以及干过其他诸如此类的事。

5.1 anything but=not at all；far from,表示强烈否定，是“决不”的意思。2 anything but 有时也表示“除···之外的任何···”等意思。I enjoy anything but amusement.我喜欢除娱乐外的任何事情。

6.as if(as though)好像。1 as if 可表示“(天气等)好像···”，也可表示“(人的行为)好像···”

As if/as though+动词过去式可表示过去虚拟的语气。As if/as though+动词过去完成式，也可表示过去虚拟。

7.as it is 1 一般而言，句首的as it is 承接前面的假设，表示“事实上，实际上”的意思。它的过去是形式为as it was.2 一般而言，句末的as it is 表示“就这样，就那样”的意思。复数形式为as they are,过去是形式为as it was。Leave him as he is.别管他就让他那样好了。China as she is, is very different from china as she was ten years ago.现在的中国与十年前的中国有很大的差别。

8.1 as it were好像 2 as it were 也可翻译成“换句话说，可以说是”的意思，用来缓和夸张或比喻时的语气。He is my best friend, my second self, as it were.他是我的好朋友，也可以说是我的第二个自我。3 as it were=in matter of speakinng；so to speak。So to speak可以代替as it were使用。

9.as long as只要。1 As long as是一个连接词，引导条件状语从句。当as long as=if 时，表示“要是···，或假如···”的意思。2 as long as有时可=if，表示只要的意思。3 so long as可以代替as long as表示只要。

10.as many(much)…同···一样的1 as many…=the same number,表示“同数目的”或“同···一样的”的意思。It had been five months since the husband left for Beijing, but they seemed as many years to the wife.丈夫去北京已经五个月了，但这五个月对妻子来说就像是五年一样。As many=five。There are six grammar mistakes in as many sentences.(as many=six)六个句子中有六处语法错误。2 as many as是一种句型=the same degree as,表示“与···到一样的程度”的意思。There are as many minds as there are men.有多少人存在，就有多少心灵存在。(个人有个人的想法)

11.as soon as…一···就···1 as soon as表示(一···就···)它与其他的关联词一样，引导的时间状语从句无论放在句首或句中都可以。2 与as soon as表示相同的连接词有no sooner…than;scarely/hardly…when.一般而言，他们跟过去完成时(had…)一起使用。3 hardly…when与 no sooner…than可用于倒装句，其作用在于加强语气。