第一篇：湖南长沙博物馆三国吴简英文导游词
The Exhibition of Inscribed Bamboo Tablets of Wu Kingdom of the Three Kingdoms at Changsha Ladies and gentlemen，Welcome to Changsha museum.Well be here to visit “The Exhibition of Inscribed Bamboo Tablets of Wu Kingdom of the Three Kingdoms at Changsha and The Years of Unearthed Most Valuable Cultural Relics”.I hope my explanation can satisfy you!
Now, we are in the first exhibition hall.Here, it adopts panoramic technique, and restores the site of unearthing Bamboo Tablets of Wu Kingdom.In 1996, during July to November, in the southeast of Wu Yi square, team up with ping He Tang Department.The exhumations were carried on by Changsha relics work teams.They unearth 61 archaic wells during the
Warring States period and the Ming and Qing Dynasty, and found out 3000 kinds of relics, like copper, iron bamboo, wood, ceramics, and so on.To people’s astonishment, in the No.22 archaic well, they found lots of bamboo tablets and wooden
slips.After confirming, they are the relics of Sun Wu in Three kingdoms 1700 years ago.These patches of relics would replenish the lacked historical materials of three kingdoms exactly.Our country once had four discoveries: The oracle bone inscription of Yin, bamboo tablets and wooden slips of Tunxu in northwest China, Cultural books of Dunhuang stone room, Files of Qing cabinet.Bamboo Tablets of Wu Kingdom of the Three Kingdoms at Changsha can be mentioned in the same breath with the four discoveries, and become the searching subject of international academia.Everybody!please look at the cross section reconstruction of the NO.22 archaic well.Its upper part of opening was damaged when it was excavating.This is an irregular circular shape vertical shaft;the bottom has a bag form likely.The opening of the well has a length 3.5 m from south to north, 3.1 m from east to west, and 5.6 m in depth.The opening is covered with pure red brown color clay, 1.5 m deeper of which is the bamboo tablets and wooden slips layer.The bamboo tablets and wooden slips layer is 50 cm thick in center and 20 cm thin on all sides, piled up with slope form.The ropes tied the bamboo tablets and wooden slips have become rotten, but we can see they were buried by bundles at that time.There are more than 10,000 pieces of bamboo tablets and wooden slips by the initial statistics.The second layer is the gray brown clay layer of 3.1 m thick, among them mix up
with lots of bamboo wood scrapes, grass scrapes, leaves, fragmentary bricks, pottery and porcelain and so on.At the bottom of the well is another small well, which has square wooden frame.The four corners are nailed by a stick of spile inlayed with two wooden boards as the well wall.The circle of the well is 93 cm long, 58 cm tall.The function of this small well is probably for gathering the groundwater from all sides of the well, andthen put forward to pour out with water pitcher and other tools in order to maintain the well space dry.This is the living photo taken by the time of excavating.Analyzing the structure and relics of the well NO.22, it is an ancient well for storing food.The climate of Changsha is so hot, wet and rainy that the food is easy to be rot, but the circumstance under the ground of 10 m depth is just like as a modern refrigerator.The archaeological discoveries approved that people had used this storing method from the time of Shang dynasty.You may ask that, why were the bamboo tablets of Wu Kingdom buried in the well? There are two statements.The first one considered that in the period of Three Kingdoms, there were so many wars, the suddenly burst-out war made people bury them here in a hurry.The other considered that to bury them in the well may be a way of dealing with the records in the past.Now please look at the photo.This is the photo of unearthing the No.22 well.We can see that the bamboo tablets and wooden slips were soaked in the mud.Why can they be kept intact for over 1700 years? One of the important reasons is that the ground water level in Changsha was very high, and the bamboo tablets and wooden slips were soaked in the water.Besides, they were buried deeply;they can be sealed up wall.With these, they can be kept intact for over 1700 years.Next, let’s visit the second exhibition room.In this room we can get the detailed introduction of the bamboo tablets and wooden slips.Before we visit, I have a question to ask.Do you know whether the words on the bamboo tablets and wooden slips were written or carved on them? With the question, let’s look at the photo of the pottery figurine.This pottery figurine was unearthed in a Western Jin tomb in Jinpenling in Changsha in 1950s.On the left of the photo there is a man handing a wooden slip and reading something, the man on the right who were holding a hair pencil in a hand and a wooden slip in the other was writing something.The pottery figurine shows us the condition of ancients writing on the bamboo tablets and wooden slips.Now, we can say, the word on the bamboo tablets and slips were written on them.Did you guess it?
To see another set of photos.This is a hair pencil unearthed from one of the tombs of the Warring State at Zuojiagong Mountain of Changsha in 1954.Its shaft is long and small but easy to be broken.On the side of it there is a bamboo pipe used for containing the pen when it is collected and preserved.This is an ink stone with little ink blocks near it.Here also remains a bronze chopping knife which is used for the calligrapher to make inscribed bamboo and wooden slips and correct writing mistakes.This is a set of photos of calligraphy tools discovered in No.168 Tomb in Jinan city of former capital of Chu State.In addition to this, there are 6 pieces of wooden slips without character.This is also the most complete and most typical set of Han Dynasty’s stationery ever seen up to now.Uniting our ancient people calculates the number of the inscribed bamboo tablets and wooden slips are not “slice”, but “jin”.It is recorded in history that the 1st emperor of Qin Dynasty did not have a rest until he finished reading over 120 jin of memorial to throne and inscribed bamboo and wooden slips.please notice the following brief tablet about information of the inscribed bamboo and wooden slips unearthed from all parts of the nation from this century.Among this, the column in red character is the number of the inscribed bamboo and wooden slips excavated from Changsha this time.The number this time has exceeded the total amount of that unearthed from all parts of the nation these years.Therefore, it is named as “the surprising wonder of the world”and “one of the most important archaeological discoveries of this century.”
It is well known that document history in the Three Kingdom period handed down is very rare.”The Annals of Three Kingdom”by Chenshou in Xijin has 65 volumes, among which there are 30 volumes of Wei Book, 15 volumes of Shu Book, 20 volumes of Wu Book with total of more than 1 million characters.Over the years, the unearthed inscribed bamboo slips and wooden tablets in nationwide archaeology is also rarely seen and only exist tens of pieces in Anhui, Jiangxi and Hubei.But nowadays in Changsha, the total number of the excavation of the inscribed bamboo from Wu State in Three Kingdom period reaches 10 thousand pieces for just one time and the total wordage reaches more than 3 million if counted with 20 words in each piece.These character materials greatly surpass the total wordage in that of the “Annals of Three Kingdom”, which offers abundant material for the study of social economy, political system, inscribed bamboo and volume system, history and geography and also fill the vacancy of historic works.We can forecast that the discovery of inscribed bamboo slips from Wu State in Changsha will surely influence many aspects of the Chinese historic study and anew examining and verifying the past final conclusion.Well, let us have a look at this map.Though the series archaeological excavation around the “Wuyi square ”by our archaeological workers, we have preliminarily defined the region of the ancient Changsha.It extends northward to “Lao Zhaobi ”, southward to “pozi Street”, eastward to “Cai’e Road”and westward to “Shanghe Street”which shaped rectangle.And the center of Changsha is today’s “Wuyi Square, which, we can say, hasn’t changed basically nearly 3000years.The unearthed inscribed bamboo slips and wooden tablets for this time, if according to their shape, they can be distributed to big and small inscribed bamboo slips, wooden tablets and so on;if according to their use, they can be distributed to five kinds:
The first kind is document.It can be subdivided into two parts.One is the land rent document with 0.5m long, 2.5cm wide and 100 to 200 Chinese characters on.The other is the official document which recorded the distribution and exchanging of money, crops, and goods among different governmental setups.please look at this smaller slice.It is a classified label.It shows us a monthly report recorded by two officials named Huang Wei and pan lv in the first year of Jia He period.Second, about judicature, which recorded some detail contents and economic cases, such as the trying, appealing and reexamining? What’s on this wooden tablet is an individual case about a Du You.Du You is a kind of government official.He was sentenced to death for his corruptness of salt, but he was not convinced and appealed to a high court.However, the reexamining did not make the judge change.So he had nothing to do but accept.The third kind is directory, somewhat like the household and registered books today.Let’s look at this slice.Here the Chinese character “Rong Li”was a name of some place in Changsha.This whole sentence means there is a man named He Qin, 55 years old, lived in Rong Li.His dukedom is Gong Cheng.And here “Suan Yi” means can be counted as one of a taxpayer;“ Xing Liang Zu” refers to whose legs had been cut off.The directory served as a registered permanent resident, which put down people’s name, age, position and something we can’t find in our registered permanent resident---physical condition.The fourth one is calling card.It mainly referred to paying respect, giving gift and administrative affairs, as visiting cards we use today.The last kind is the wooden tablet on account which recorded the managing account of departments belongs to Changsha government.please look at these historical relics again.This blue and green porcelain in the Three Kingdoms and Tow Jin Dynasties were discovered in ZouMalou ancient well.Look, their glazed colors is sparking and crystal-clear, the decorate are simple and element.The second among them is called “Chichen-Head potting”, the potting is coronal form, guides the neck and proceeded high, and the modeling of it is very beautiful.These potting were very popular in Jin Dynasty.They were used as pitcher and chalice.Everybody has seen many photos, has listened to so much explanation, now we come to see the original of the bamboo slips, wooden tablets or slips for writing.Now, you see in the pyramid shape exhibition cupboard, it is a bamboo slips and wooden tablets or slips original that explored in Zoumalou in the ancient well of the building this time.The bamboo slips and wooden tablets or slips are the material that the ancient remains of our country come down to write.Among them the narrow and long bamboo, the wood chips are called “Jian”, the generous wood chips called “Du”.You must distinguish one from the other, not wood make are named “Du”, what bamboo make named “Jian”.Jian has the wooden one, too.Ok, the right side of I there set some inscribed wooden tablets, the middle are heavy inscribed wooden slips.In the left, they are bamboo slips that pressed under the transparent glass.The characters on the bamboo slips and wooden tablets or slips are simple and clear.It’s easily can be distinguished.The script is the transition from Lishu to Regular script.These kinds of inscribed wooden slips and inscribed wooden tablets are made in shirt woods.The quality of these trees is pre-pressing.It is intact to keep.The raw materials of inscribed bamboo slips is bamboo whose quality is loose, apt and crooked and out of shape, so it in displaying and need press when exhibiting.The ancients have several procedures to make the bamboo slips.First, they cut the bamboo into bamboo slips, and then burnished them in order to make them smooth, these smooth slips called “Jian”.But people could not write on the wet bamboo slips.Then, they roasted dry the wet bamboo slips.While roasting, there was some water steaming out.The water looked like sweet, so people called those “Sweet Qing”or “Sha Qing”.The “Guo Ling Ding Yang”of Wen Tianxiang said that “Since ancient times, who has no death? Remaining sincere heart to finish ‘Sweet Qing’.Bamboo Tablets of Wu Kingdom of the Three Kingdoms at Changsha has very strong historical value, article value and scientific value, so the provincial leaders, city leaders and related experts decided to set up an exhibition of bamboo tablets and wooden slips.
第二篇：湖南长沙博物馆三国吴简导游词
the exhibition of inscribed bamboo tablets of wu kingdom of the three kingdoms at changsha ladies and gentlemen, 长沙世界之窗: 浏阳河大桥东 湖南第一师范: 书院路妙高峰下 刘少奇故居: 宁乡花明楼镇
长沙海底世界: 浏阳河大桥东 岳麓公园: 河西岳麓山南郊公园: 新开铺79号
雷锋纪念馆:望城县雷锋镇烈士公园: 东风路1号 石燕湖旅游风景区:长沙县跳马乡
贾谊故居: 太平街19号开福寺:福寺路樱花温泉:机场大道距黄花机场1.5公里处
长沙世界之窗 长沙世界之窗文化旅游景区位于长沙市东北郊浏阳河畔，占地40万平方米，投资3亿
元人民币，是迄今为止湖南省最大的文化旅游项目之一，也是湖南省重要的精神文明建设基地。
长沙世界之窗由湖南广播电视发展中心，香港中旅集团，深圳华侨城实业发展股份有限公司共同投资兴
建。
长沙世界之窗将世界奇观、历史遗迹，古今名胜以及世界居民、民俗风情、世界歌舞艺术表演汇集于一
园，再现了一个美妙的世界！它是一座以人类文明史为主线，高层次、高享受、高品味的大花园；一座集世界风情精粹、形象逼真的全国一流的影视拍摄基地。它休现了自然与人文并重，历史、现实与幻想共存的精神，是集愉悦性、趣味性、刺激性与深刻的文化内涵完美结合的经典之作，同时也是我们奉献给每一位游客精心制作的精神文化产品。
长沙世界之窗在各景区的设计上，可谓是独出心裁而又各具魅力。欢乐谷欢愉狂烈，爱情谷甜蜜温馨、神秘谷神秘莫测、谐趣园幽默风趣、儿童乐园诱发童心、国际街热闹繁华．．．．．．无处不引人入胜，无处不流连忘返。
长沙世界之窗的室内环境，民居陈饰、民俗风情、体育竞技、中外民间杂耍、歌舞、驯兽表演以定点表
演、流动表演、广场巡游等多种表演形式在游人面前。高科技的动感电影、水幕电影、激光音乐喷泉、探险漂流河和即将推出的三环过山车、太空滑车、荡龙船、卡丁车等游乐项目，更使您流连忘返。
长沙世界之窗汇五洲奇景，容四海风情。地址：长沙市浏阳河大桥东 乘车线路：
电话：（0731）4256731、4256737136路 火车站－袁家岭－世界之窗
邮编：410003 132路 新民路－湘江二桥－世界之窗
海底世界的嬉水乐园，给您一个娱乐、休闲、健身的胜地。这里有惊心动魄的高台水滑梯；驾筏擎浪的
漂流河；轻舟荡浪的环流河；汹涌澎湃的海浪地；椰林白沙滩；难攀登的奇峰；竞技展美的大游泳池；童话般的儿童戏水池；迷宫；摸鱼池。这里是儿童欢乐的天堂；青少年表现勇敢的刺激世界；中老年人健身休闲的最佳去处。园内还设有玩鱼街、美食广场；商场及儿童嬉沙池等，是都市人开阔眼界、休闲度假的文化旅游胜地。
地址：长沙市浏阳河大桥东 乘车路线：
电话：（0731）4256005、4256002136路 火车站－袁家岭－海底世界
传真：（0731）4122526 邮编：410003 132路 新民路－湘江二桥－海底世界
名人故里――韶山 韶山，一代伟人毛泽东同志的故乡，距长沙104公里。韶山凭借独特的政治优势，现已开发成为一个新兴的旅游城市。主要景区有毛泽东同志故居，主席曾在这里度过了17个春秋，故居内陈列着主席当年用过的物品。1993年中央电视台经念主席诞辰一百周年文艺晚会“人间正道是沧桑”正是在这里举行；滴水洞，1996年主席最后一次回到韶山，于6月17日－6月28日在滴水洞一号楼住了十一天，他在给江青一封信中谓这为“西方的一个山洞”。滴水洞景区地形为一峡谷，风景秀丽，山青水秀，北为虎歇坪，南为龙头山，一股清泉自山顶泻流而下，的确让人感汉风水不凡；铜像广场，为纪念主席百年诞辰而建，铜像高10.1米，重3.7吨，取自主席在开国大典上的形象，底座上有江泽民同志的亲笔题词。
烈士公园 该园建于1950年。园中央的烈士纪念塔高耸挺拔，雄伟壮观；塔内奠堂庄严肃穆，四周苍蓊翠柏，郁郁葱葱。园内建有各种楼台亭阁、湖园、水榭。湖南民俗村汇集我省土家族、苗族、侗族、瑶族、白族等少数民族的村寨景点，建筑精湛，景色迷人，风景奇特。
贾谊故居为湖南省省级文物保护单位，位于长沙市解放西路与太平街口交汇处。公元前177年至公元前174年，西汉著名政论家、思想家和文学家贾谊就住在这里，时任长沙王太傅。
地址：长沙市太平街19号 电话：（0731）2272799 爱晚亭 系清代建古亭，正面额悬朱色鎏金“爱晚亭”匾，系1952年毛泽东同志题。是岳麓山有名的景观区，也是重要的革命纪念地。毛泽东、蔡和森等年轻时代常来此进行革命活动。爱晚亭在海内外均负有盛誉。被誉为全国四大名亭之一。
岳麓书院是我国四大书院之首，又名千年学府，座落于岳麓山下，书院中轴线上依次为前门、赫曦台、大门、二门、讲堂和御书楼，北有半学斋、文庙、湘水校经堂、船山祠，南侧有学习斋、百泉轩、麓山寺碑亭等。书院建筑多为清代遗迹。
长沙黑麋峰森林公园 长沙黑麋峰森林公园位于望城县桥驿镇，距长沙市区仅19公里，以洞阳古刹而闻名，是长沙佛教四大名山之一，道家列入“三十六洞天福地”之中。公园方圆近41平方公里，风景秀美，气候宜人，是集旅游、避暑、疗养于一体和休闲旅游胜地。
旅游热线电话：8430038 订房热线：8430068 长沙三国吴简暨历年出土文物精品展1996年出土的长沙三国吴简，被誉为“世纪性”考古新发现。本展览被评为全国97年全国十大文物精品展。
火宫殿又名“乾元宫”，始建于清乾隆12年（公元1747年）距今已有250余年，是长沙乃至湖南的集民俗、宗教、饮食文化于一体的具有代表性的大众场所，火宫殿的风味小吃享誉三湘，毛泽东等伟人都曾到此品尝。
家 润 多 超 市 有 限 公 司
家润多朝阳店（营业面积22000平方米）已于2000年9月28日开业，位于阿波罗商业广场一楼车站店（营业面积6000平方米）于2000年12月开业。
家润多80％货品从生产厂家直接进货，并且每隔15天推出多种dm特价商品，真正低价。家润多拥有最先进的面包、熟食、水产、冷冻冷藏设备，有如工厂，绝对新鲜。家润多拥有20000多种商品，并且有休闲、银行等配套设施，让顾客一次来采足，尽兴消费。
公司站在战略发展高度，确立了五年内在全国部分地区设立15家分店，年营业额超50亿元的战略规划。朝阳店地址：长沙市人民路九号 车站店地址：长沙火车站阿波罗商业广场一楼
热线电话：0731－4157408 传真：0731－4157406 招商热线：0731－4137448 4138448（转）
开福寺
开福寺位于长沙城北新河凤嘴，离湘江二桥不远，邻近紫凤公园，占地面积约1．6万平米，建筑面积6300多米。殿宇巍峨，规模壮观，是我国佛教重点寺院之一，佛教禅宗之临济宗杨岐派著名寺院。历时已千余载。
五代时国时期，楚王马殷建楚国小朝廷，建都长沙。马氏父子沉湎于声色，其子马希范更是穷奢极侈，大兴土木，于城四区兴建宫院园林，城北则建会春园以为避暑地，建各种堂、殿、亭、池，疏浚碧湖，堆筑紫微山。马希范笃信佛教，乃于后唐天成二年（927），将会春园嘉宴的一部分施舍给沙门保宁，始建开福寺，一时寺院兴旺，住僧千余人。宋微宗时，潭州地方官席震，请著名禅师开福道宁主持，成为开福寺的中兴祖师。他的临济宗杨岐派禅法五传至日本人宋求法僧人法灯觉心（又称心地觉心）。觉心归国后，收门徒15人，后来都成为名僧，使临济宗禅法在日本广为传承，影响深远。
北宋末年，开福寺规模日渐扩大，寺内外成为风景区。有紫微山、碧浪湖、风嘴洲、木鱼岭、祓禊亭、嘉宴堂、回步桥、龙泉井、放生池、鸳鸯井、舍得塔、千僧锅、舍茶亭、清泰桥、白莲池、会春园等16景，现在有遗迹尚存。
现在的开福寺，临马路有山门，为五间七柱三门之牌楼式山门，雕塑精美。清嘉庆十一年（1806），书法家韩葑为山门书联：“紫微栖凤，碧浪潜龙。”光绪十七年（1891），江南福山镇总兵陈海鹏题“古开福寺”横额，一并泐石，门前有石象，石狮各一对，颇具特色。进山门至三圣殿前。为放生池，原碧浪湖之一角，一泓清池，碧波涟漪，池边垂柳丝丝。在中轴线上，佛殿三进，前为弥勒殿（三圣殿），面阔三间，进深三间，花岗石柱，木架单檐歇山顶，黄琉璃瓦，匾书“功德山高”。中进大雄宝殿，面阔进深俱三间，周回廊，石柱木架，单檐歇山顶，黄间绿琉璃瓦，翼角起翘，饰以龙凤，作凌空飞舞状。后为毗卢殿，为三开间硬山大殿，除明间两金柱用木外，俱为砖砌空斗墙，辟以拱门为廊，东西厢房为客堂、斋堂、摩尼所、方丈、藏经楼、禅堂、念佛堂等。
开福寺颇多佳联，广为传诵者是：“斋鱼敲落碧湖月，觉、觉、觉、先觉后觉、无非觉觉；清钟撞破麓峰云，空、空、空、空，色空相空，总是空空。”
天心阁
在长沙旧城东南隅，现今的城南路和天心路交会处，有一段呈弧形的旧城墙。到了这儿，抬头一望，便见雄伟的明代城垣上面，高客凌云，岩晓百尺。这就是作为长沙这座历史文化名城标志之一的天心阁。
现在的天心阁，重建于1983年，1984年12月落成，城垣高32米，阁高17.5，地势海拔60米，高出市区30余米，居高临下，俯瞰万家。主阁三层，两翼各有两层副阁，间以长廊，呈弧状布局，左右映带，如鸟张翼，浑然一体。黄瓦飞檐，翼角高翘，32副阁角悬挂着铁马铜铃，风摇铃响，悠扬清越。主阁前后台基均为花岗石栏杆，狮子望柱，各具神态，栏板雕以楚汉兵马战车，纯朴古拙。主阁东南向额“天心阁”，集清著名书法家黄自元字；西北向额“楚天一览”，为当代著名书法家舒同所写。阁西北前留有广庭，供人游憩摄影，庭之东西筑以拉弓山墙及腰门，两座腰门一方嵌“雄镇”、“壮观”，一方嵌“居高明”、“远眺望”。主阁下面的明代城垣、雉堞、炮洞都加以修葺，显示出古城嵯峨，阁楼高耸的壮观。登临远望，有“举头红日近，极目楚天舒”（阁联，赵家寰集句）之气派。清诗人李绍隽《秋日登天心阁远眺》云：“城南耸高阁，直与丹霄薄。插顶上天门，扪着星半落。我今一登临，极目真寥廓。物色卷横空，烟霞飞漠漠。湘水作带环，麓屏为扃钥。远浦送帆来，晴岚凝翠幔。雁字写长天，渔叟沿江泊。塔峰指顾间，万户倚楼脚。举目白云低，风动响铃铎。胜迹昭古今，纵笔摇山岳。”今日登临，当有同感，只是时代不同了，眼前展现的是新长沙雄伟壮观的四化宏图。
在主阁和城垣下的广庭中间，耸立着《太平军魂》群雕，高约6米，基座占地54平方米，选用四川优质“将军红”花岗岩制成，以太平军西王萧朝率军攻打长沙城的史实为题材，生动地再现太平军将士在天心阁下顽强攻城的情景。萧王飒爽英姿，战马昂首奋蹄，战士勇武有力。整个群雕展示了一曲农民革命的悲壮颂歌。天心阁、明城垣及其附近2.5公顷范围现辟为天心公园，闹市高处，凿池蓄水，堆土成山，亭台楼榭，布置有序，花木葱茏，芳草如茵，晨则可观云间日出，夕则可赏万家灯火,游人如强，人皆赞美。
天心阁创建年代约在清康、乾年间，原来不叫天心阁，而叫天星阁，楼址在今凤凰台的城垣上。它只是一卒东西向的单檐小阁，兴建的目的是“所以察灾”，“凡省中（指长沙市区）回禄（火灾）闻钟声叩报，到处咸知”，起一个火警楼的作用，所以它有一副这科的六联：“四面云山都入眼，万家烟火总关心。”现在天心阁的阁址上，原来是乾隆十一年巡抚杨锡绂新建的城南书院的文昌阁，当时亦为单檐小阁，规模略大于当时的天星阁，建阁的目的是“以倡文运”，求“文冶之祥也”。到了清乾隆四十二年，李汪度写《重修天心阁记》中说：“后乃额天心于文昌而省其一焉。”“省其一”是省了当时的天星阁，大概是天星阁已毁，不必再重修，而文昌阁易名天心阁，想是因书院乃儒学之林，“为孔孟传道，为天地立心”之帮。咸丰二年，太平军攻长沙，天心阁受创颇重。咸丰八年，大修城垣，加强防御。城垣扩大后，上建两阁，一前一后，前者为天心阁，后者为文昌阁，两阁并存。辛亥革命后，1914年长沙拆城墙，曹典球力主将天心阁及其一段城垣保留下来，1924年辟为公园，1938年文夕大火，阁楼全部焚毁，后盖一简易茶室，至1984年才彻底改观，“护文昌阁以为广庭，建两副阁以为衬托”，更加雄伟壮丽。
天心阁重建落成，许多名家为阁楼撰联书匾，增光不少。有叶圣陶书、曾光炎集句的“天高地迥，心旷神怡”；有夏承焘书，萧长迈、陶晋圭集句：“潇湘古阁，秦汉名城”；有曹瑛书、潘基句：“高阁出重霄，揽衡岳、抚湘流，纵几度沧桑，卷雨飞云终如人愿；古城多胜迹，缀珠玑添锦绣，系万家忧乐，鞠躬俯首毋愧天心”；有陶峙岳撰书的“萧王碧血，彭总英风，长留在三湘胜境；岳麓晴岚，天心朗月，好装点四化宏图”；有李锐撰书的“身在最高层，一鉴万家忧乐；心中无限事，常思百代兴亡”；异彩纷呈，意义深远。
岳麓山
岳麓山是长沙著名名胜区，是最佳游览胜地，自然景观、人文景观兼备，旧志上也说“诚一郡之大观也”。它位于长沙的湘江西岸，过了湘江一桥，就到了岳麓山风景区。它现在的景观中心离城市中心的五一广场也不过5公里，交通方便，可朝发夕返，既有临近城市之便，又有深山幽野之趣，进得山里，顿扫城市嚣扰，有超尘脱俗之感，如此景观，实为国内诸大城市所少有。
岳麓山又称麓山，或名灵麓。六朝时的《南岳记》说：“南岳周围八百里，回雁为首，岳麓为足。”“麓”，就是山足的意思。“岳麓”，就是南岳衡山之足，列为南岳72峰之尾。其实，就地质学而言，岳麓山与南岳毫不相干，属于长浏盆地西缘丘陵一部分。岳麓山范围约为31平方公里。现在游览的景观中心约8平方公里，南北长约4公里，东西宽约1．5－2．9公里。中部高峻，南北渐低；东坡平缓，西坡陡峻，海拔200米左右，最高峰为禹碑峰海拔300米左右。过云人们赞美岳麓山“高明广大，具岳之体”，就是因为它的周围有群山簇拥，诸峰对峙，山虽不高，却气势磅礴，有南岳之气魄，似南岳之缩影。天马、凤凰、玉屏诸山横秀于前；桃花、绿峨诸岭衬托于后；南列金牛、金盆，北陈云母、主峰，正如唐朝诗人刘禹锡描述的“群峰朝拱如骏奔”。山中古木参天，植被盖地，层峦叠翠，长岭含黛，形成长沙市的天然屏障，加之湘江北去，碧波粼粼，山光水色，相映成趣，所以又说岳麓山“碧障屏开，秀如琢玉”。山中景色，因时而异，变化万千。“乍晴则岩壑分明，欲雨则烟云郁”，四季各具的特色：春天，杜鹃红遍；夏天，浓荫匝地；秋天，层林尽染，冬天，乔木常青。如有瑞雪，则琼瑶满地，琉璃满枝，亭台楼阁，银装素裹；如登山夜眺，则万家灯火，影落湘江，群星灿烂，交相辉映。“岳麓之胜，甲于湘楚”，这一点也不夸张。
岳麓山不仅风景优美，而且遍地名胜古迹，留下古往今来诸多名人足迹。经过历代经营辟划，道观佛寺、精舍庐庵、碑碣石刻，装点名山，大有可观。及至近代，“青山有幸埋忠骨”许多烈士长眠于此，引人景仰。
1957年，岳麓山正式辟为公园，精心经营管理，一方面修复名胜，一方面规划开辟新景观，扩大游览容量。游客登山，有一条线路是从湘江一桥桥西步行约1公里，即可达岳麓公园北大门，此处有登山缆车直达尖峰，再步行数百米，到达长沙电视台的电视发射塔，可登塔一览麓山全景和城市远景，再沿山而下。目前，大多数的游客仍走另一条线路，即从城中乘车到湖南大学东方红广场，进岳麓公园大门，很快即可到达岳麓山景观中心，沿山而上，登至绝顶，再乘缆车下山。
现在，让我们从湖南大学东方红广场开始登山，前方有许多景观在等待我们：
爱晚亭
爱晚亭建在青枫峡小山阜上，面对青枫峡口。现在的亭为1952年重建，把原来单檐青瓦攒尖方亭，改为重檐琉璃碧瓦，金柱圆木朱漆藻井，四角檐柱为花岗石方柱。毛泽东应当时湖南大学校长李达之请，为亭题额，花岗石柱上仍刻罗典题亭联：“山径晚经舒，夭桃新种得；峡云深翠滴，一双驯鹤待笼来。”
爱晚亭，为清乾隆五十七年（1792年）岳麓山院山长罗典建，原名红叶亭，后湖广总督结沅以杜牧《山
行》诗“停车坐爱枫林晚，霜叶红于二月花”的意境，改为爱晚亭,使亭名更富诗意。这一改竟改出一段故事：说江南才子袁枚（随园）到了长沙，游了红叶亭，想拜见岳麓山院长罗典，而罗黄嫌其“少有德行”，拒之门外。袁枚临行抄录了杜牧的《山行》诗，故意将第三句写成“停车坐枫林”，托人送给罗典。罗典一看，袁枚竟少写了“爱晚”两字，思之再三，连说“惭愧、惭愧”，立即摘了红叶亭的匾额，挂上“爱晚亭”的匾额。这个故事纯属杜撰，只是表达了人们对于毕沅所改亭额的欣赏，竟有人以讹，当起真来。
原来爱晚亭中置《二南诗刻》。宣统三年（1911年）程颂万以罗典调鹤的逸事，书“放鹤”二字，又录张南轩（张）《青枫峡诗》及钱南园（钱澧）《九日岳麓诗》并刻于石。石呈方形，文刻四周。张 的《青枫峡诗》：“扶疏古木矗危梯，开始如今几摄提？还有石桥容客坐，仰看兰若与云齐。风生阴壑方鸣籁，日烈尘寰正望霓。从此上山君努力，瘦藤今日得同携。”钱澧的《九日岳麓诗》：“雨歇江平政亦闲，相寻故事一登山。红萸黄菊有深味，碧涧丹崖俱净颜。北海碑看落照里，南轩座接清风间。归欤且住穷幽兴，细数林鸦几队还。”现《二南诗刻》移存在爱晚亭西北侧之青枫亭内。
爱晚亭一带还留下了老一辈无产阶级革命家的足迹。林伯渠1906年曾游爱晚亭，写下一首诗：“到处枫林压酒痕，十分景色赛天荪。千山遍洒杜鹃血，一缕难招帝子魂。欲把神州回锦绣，频将泪洗乾坤。兰成亦有关河感，愁看江南老树村。”解放后，他又重游爱晚亭，写道：“重来不是旧山村，耳目一新爱晚亭。”青年时代的毛泽东在一师求学时，常和挚友蔡和森、张昆弟在爱晚亭读书研讨，“指点江山，激扬文字”，而且有时在山中露宿，进行风浴、雨浴，锻炼身体。1954年，他们的同学、老新民学会会员周世钊曾写《踏莎行．秋日游爱晚亭》，赞他们：“身在山中，心忧天下，凭栏熟计连朝夜。菜根为饭草作鞋，要将历史从头写。”
烈 士 墓 群
青山埋忠骨，松枫伴忠魂。岳麓山上，安息着许多辛亥革命前后以来为国捐躯的湘藉烈士，除黄兴、蔡锷墓外，都比较集中在爱晚亭以上，半山亭、麓山寺以北，黄兴墓以下。
蔡锷墓．蔡锷墓庐 蔡锷墓在麓山寺和白鹤泉的后上方，在黄兴墓的正下方，占地面积1620平方米，为岳麓山大型墓葬之一。墓地围有石墙，四周广种松柏，庄严肃穆，令人起敬。墓为圆形石墓，上竖方碑，通高9.1，碑的东向嵌有紫铜镌刻的碑文：“蔡公松坡上墓”。墓塔四周砌石栏，嵌有汉白玉石或青石栏板，镌刻有当时湖南、湖北、江西、贵州、广西、广东、热河、察哈尔等省省长兼督军所献铭文。
蔡锷（1882－1916）原名 寅，字松波，湖南邵阳人，13岁中秀才，15岁入时务学堂，深得梁启超器重，得梁教益甚多，积极参加南学会活动。1898年被选拔赴日学，因戊戌政变未能成行，后以梁启超荐入东京大同学校，习政治和商务。1900年，唐才常组织自力军，发动反清起义，蔡锷辍学回国相助。起义失败，唐才常罹难，蔡锷写下“前后谭唐殉公义，国民终古哭浏阳。湖湘人杰销沉未，敢谕吾辈尚足匡”的诗句，再次渡日深造，决心习军事以推翻帝制，并改名锷，以示投笔从戎之志，乃进成城学校、陆军士官学校习陆军。1904年学成回国，在江西、湖南任教练处帮办、教官。1905年登岳麓山，写下“苍苍云树直参天，万水千山拜眼前。环顾中原谁是主，从容骑马上峰巅”的诗句。1905年夏，任广西协统，后至云南。辛亥武昌起义，蔡锷立即响应，领导云南“重九起义”，被推为云南军政府都督。袁世凯窃国，调蔡至京委以高民，拉拢腐蚀。蔡不为所诱，逃出京都回云南，组织“护国军”，通电独立，发动讨袁，为粉碎袁氏“洪宪”皇帝迷梦作出了卓越贡献。蔡锷久患喉疾，转战中不及治疗，乃至恶化，1916年11月8日病逝于日本福冈，年仅34岁。蔡锷灵柩于1917年元旦运回长沙，4月12日国葬于岳麓山。
蔡锷墓庐在白鹤泉、麓山寺侧，为一三合院，陈列蔡锷生平事迹，有孙中山先生挽联：“平生慷慨班都护，万里间关马伏波。”
黄兴墓 黄兴墓们于岳麓山云麓峰北侧小月亮坪，沿云麓宫后东侧支路北行可直达墓前半圆坪，亦可由蔡锷墓上山。黄兴墓为岳麓山上最大的墓葬，占在面积1913.6平方米，在蔡锷墓正上方，地势高亢，视野开阔，雄风独占。由墓前的半圆坪登200余石级可达墓区，墓区四周以石柱、铁栏围护。墓上建有方形墓塔、墓碑，墓碑以整块花岗岩琢成四棱形，通高11米，昂然矗立，似利剑一柄直插云天，象征黄公的伟大。墓碑东向镶嵌紫铜墓碑，镌刻“黄公克强之墓”碑文。登岳麓山者无不到此瞻仰。
黄兴墓庐 黄兴墓右下0.5公里处有黄兴墓庐,为一曲尺形琉璃瓦楼房,依山临池,有围墙大门。门联：“血染黄花，魂归岳麓；名垂青史，首建中华”。墓庐设陈列室，门联曰：“一代勋名昭国史，千秋浩气壮名山。”厅内陈列黄兴生平事迹，墓庐陈列室侧有茶馆，可供游人休憩。
第三篇：湖南长沙博物馆三国吴简导游词
The Exhibition of Inscribed Bamboo Tablets of Wu Kingdom of the Three Kingdoms at Changsha
Ladies and gentlemen,Welcome to Changsha museum.We’ll be here to visit “The Exhibition of Inscribed Bamboo Tablets of Wu Kingdom of the Three Kingdoms at Changsha and The Years of Unearthed Most Valuable Cultural Relics”.I hope my explanation can satisfy you!
Now, we are in the first exhibition hall.Here, it adopts panoramic technique, and restores the site of unearthing Bamboo Tablets of Wu Kingdom.In 1996, during July to November, in the southeast of Wu Yi square, team up with ping He Tang Department.The exhumations were carried on by Changsha relics work teams.They unearth 61 archaic wells during the Warring States period and the Ming and Qing Dynasty, and found out 3000 kinds of relics, like copper, iron bamboo, wood, ceramics, and so on.To people’s astonishment, in the No.22 archaic well, they found lots of bamboo tablets and wooden slips.After confirming, they are the relics of Sun Wu in Three kingdoms 1700 years ago.These patches of relics would replenish the lacked historical materials of three kingdoms exactly.Our country once had four discoveries: The oracle bone inscription of Yin, bamboo tablets and wooden slips of Tunxu in northwest China, Cultural books of Dunhuang stone room, Files of Qing cabinet.Bamboo Tablets of Wu Kingdom of the Three Kingdoms at Changsha can be mentioned in the same breath with the four discoveries, and become the searching subject of international academia.Everybody!please look at the cross section reconstruction of the NO.22 archaic well.Its upper part of opening was damaged when it was excavating.This is an irregular circular shape vertical shaft;the bottom has a bag form likely.The opening of the well has a length 3.5 m from south to north, 3.1 m from east to west, and 5.6 m in depth.The opening is covered with pure red brown color clay, 1.5 m deeper of which is the bamboo tablets and wooden slips layer.The bamboo tablets and wooden slips layer is 50 cm thick in center and 20 cm thin on all sides, piled up with slope form.The ropes tied the bamboo tablets and wooden slips have become rotten, but we can see they were buried by bundles at that time.There are more than 10,000 pieces of bamboo tablets and wooden slips by the initial statistics.The second layer is the gray brown clay layer of 3.1 m thick, among them mix up with lots of bamboo wood scrapes, grass scrapes, leaves, fragmentary bricks, pottery and porcelain and so on.At the bottom of the well is another small well, which has square wooden frame.The four corners are nailed by a stick of spile inlayed with two wooden boards as the well wall.The circle of the well is 93 cm long, 58 cm tall.The function of this small well is probably for gathering the groundwater from all sides of the well, and then put forward to pour out with water pitcher and other tools in order to maintain the well space dry.This is the living photo taken by the time of excavating.Analyzing the structure and relics of the well NO.22, it is an ancient well for storing food.The climate of Changsha is so hot, wet and rainy that the food is easy to be rot, but the circumstance under the ground of 10 m depth is just like as a modern refrigerator.The archaeological discoveries approved that people had used this storing method from the time of Shang dynasty.You may ask that, why were the bamboo tablets of Wu Kingdom buried in the well? There are two statements.The first one considered that in the period of Three Kingdoms, there were so many wars, the suddenly burst-out war made people bury them here in a hurry.The other considered that to bury them in the well may be a way of dealing with the records in the past.Now please look at the photo.This is the photo of unearthing the No.22 well.We can see that the bamboo tablets and wooden slips were soaked in the mud.Why can they be kept intact for over 1700 years? One of the important reasons is that the ground water level in Changsha was very high, and the bamboo tablets and wooden slips were soaked in the water.Besides, they were buried deeply;they can be sealed up wall.With these, they can be kept intact for over 1700 years.Next, let's visit the second exhibition room.In this room we can get the detailed introduction of the bamboo tablets and wooden slips.Before we visit, I have a question to ask.Do you know whether the words on the bamboo tablets and wooden slips were written or carved on them? With the question, let's look at the photo of the pottery figurine.This pottery figurine was unearthed in a Western Jin tomb in Jinpenling in Changsha in 1950s.On the left of the photo there is a man handing a wooden slip and reading something, the man on the right who were holding a hair pencil in a hand and a wooden slip in the other was writing something.The pottery figurine shows us the condition of ancients writing on the bamboo tablets and wooden slips.Now, we can say, the word on the bamboo tablets and slips were written on them.Did you guess it?
To see another set of photos.This is a hair pencil unearthed from one of the tombs of the Warring State at Zuojiagong Mountain of Changsha in 1954.Its shaft is long and small but easy to be broken.On the side of it there is a bamboo pipe used for containing the pen when it is collected and preserved.This is an ink stone with little ink blocks near it.Here also remains a bronze chopping knife which is used for the calligrapher to make inscribed bamboo and wooden slips and correct writing mistakes.This is a set of photos of calligraphy tools discovered in No.168 Tomb in Jinan city of former capital of Chu State.In addition to this, there are 6 pieces of wooden slips without character.This is also the most complete and most typical set of Han Dynasty’s stationery ever seen up to now.Uniting our ancient people calculates the number of the inscribed bamboo tablets and wooden slips are not “slice”, but “jin”.It is recorded in history that the 1st emperor of Qin Dynasty did not have a rest until he finished reading over 120 jin of memorial to throne and inscribed bamboo and wooden slips.please notice the following brief tablet about information of the inscribed bamboo and wooden slips unearthed from all parts of the nation from this century.Among this, the column in red character is the number of the inscribed bamboo and wooden slips excavated from Changsha this time.The number this time has exceeded the total amount of that unearthed from all parts of the nation these years.Therefore, it is named as “the surprising wonder of the world”and “one of the most important archaeological discoveries of this century.”
It is well known that document history in the Three Kingdom period handed down is very rare.”The Annals of Three Kingdom”by Chenshou in Xijin has 65 volumes, among which there are 30 volumes of Wei Book, 15 volumes of Shu Book, 20 volumes of Wu Book with total of more than 1 million characters.Over the years, the unearthed inscribed bamboo slips and wooden tablets in nationwide archaeology is also rarely seen and only exist tens of pieces in Anhui, Jiangxi and Hubei.But nowadays in Changsha, the total number of the excavation of the inscribed bamboo from Wu State in Three Kingdom period reaches 10 thousand pieces for just one time and the total wordage reaches more than 3 million if counted with 20 words in each piece.These character materials greatly surpass the total wordage in that of the “Annals of Three Kingdom”, which offers abundant material for the study of social economy, political system, inscribed bamboo and volume system, history and geography and also fill the vacancy of historic works.We can forecast that the discovery of inscribed bamboo slips from Wu State in Changsha will surely influence many aspects of the Chinese historic study and anew examining and verifying the past final conclusion.Well, let us have a look at this map.Though the series archaeological excavation around the “Wuyi square ”by our archaeological workers, we have preliminarily defined the region of the ancient Changsha.It extends northward to “Lao Zhaobi ”, southward to “pozi Street”, eastward to “Cai’e Road”and westward to “Shanghe Street”which shaped rectangle.And the center of Changsha is today’s “Wuyi Square, which, we can say, hasn’t changed basically nearly 3000years.The unearthed inscribed bamboo slips and wooden tablets for this time, if according to their shape, they can be distributed to big and small inscribed bamboo slips, wooden tablets and so on;if according to their use, they can be distributed to five kinds:
The first kind is document.It can be subdivided into two parts.One is the land rent document with 0.5m long, 2.5cm wide and 100 to 200 Chinese characters on.The other is the official document which recorded the distribution and exchanging of money, crops, and goods among different governmental setups.please look at this smaller slice.It is a classified label.It shows us a monthly report recorded by two officials named Huang Wei and pan lv in the first year of Jia He period.Second, about judicature, which recorded some detail contents and economic cases, such as the trying, appealing and reexamining? What's on this wooden tablet is an individual case about a Du You.Du You is a kind of government official.He was sentenced to death for his corruptness of salt, but he was not convinced and appealed to a high court.However, the reexamining did not make the judge change.So he had nothing to do but accept.The third kind is directory, somewhat like the household and registered books today.Let's look at this slice.Here the Chinese character “Rong Li”was a name of some place in Changsha.This whole sentence means there is a man named He Qin, 55 years old, lived in Rong Li.His dukedom is Gong Cheng.And here “Suan Yi” means can be counted as one of a taxpayer;“ Xing Liang Zu” refers to whose legs had been cut off.The directory served as a registered permanent resident, which put down people's name, age, position and something we can't find in our registered permanent resident---physical condition.The fourth one is calling card.It mainly referred to paying respect, giving gift and administrative affairs, as visiting cards we use today.The last kind is the wooden tablet on account which recorded the managing account of departments belongs to Changsha government.please look at these historical relics again.This blue and green porcelain in the Three Kingdoms and Tow Jin Dynasties were discovered in ZouMalou ancient well.Look, their glazed colors is sparking and crystal-clear, the decorate are simple and element.The second among them is called “Chichen-Head potting”, the potting is coronal form, guides the neck and proceeded high, and the modeling of it is very beautiful.These potting were very popular in Jin Dynasty.They were used as pitcher and chalice.Everybody has seen many photos, has listened to so much explanation, now we come to see the original of the bamboo slips, wooden tablets or slips for writing.Now, you see in the pyramid shape exhibition cupboard, it is a bamboo slips and wooden tablets or slips original that explored in Zoumalou in the ancient well of the building this time.The bamboo slips and wooden tablets or slips are the material that the ancient remains of our country come down to write.Among them the narrow and long bamboo, the wood chips are called “Jian”, the generous wood chips called “Du”.You must distinguish one from the other, not wood make are named “Du”, what bamboo make named “Jian”.Jian has the wooden one, too.Ok, the right side of I there set some inscribed wooden tablets, the middle are heavy inscribed wooden slips.In the left, they are bamboo slips that pressed under the transparent glass.The characters on the bamboo slips and wooden tablets or slips are simple and clear.It's easily can be distinguished.The script is the transition from Lishu to Regular script.These kinds of inscribed wooden slips and inscribed wooden tablets are made in shirt woods.The quality of these trees is pre-pressing.It is intact to keep.The raw materials of inscribed bamboo slips is bamboo whose quality is loose, apt and crooked and out of shape, so it in displaying and need press when exhibiting.The ancients have several procedures to make the bamboo slips.First, they cut the bamboo into bamboo slips, and then burnished them in order to make them smooth, these smooth slips called “Jian”.But people could not write on the wet bamboo slips.Then, they roasted dry the wet bamboo slips.While roasting, there was some water steaming out.The water looked like sweet, so people called those “Sweet Qing”or “Sha Qing”.The “Guo Ling Ding Yang”of Wen Tianxiang said that “Since ancient times, who has no death? Remaining sincere heart to finish ‘Sweet Qing’.Bamboo Tablets of Wu Kingdom of the Three Kingdoms at Changsha has very strong historical value, article value and scientific value, so the provincial leaders, city leaders and related experts decided to set up an exhibition of bamboo tablets and wooden slips.
第四篇：长沙博物馆导游词
湖南省博物馆
各位游客：
大家好!欢迎来到湖南省博物馆。我们将在这里参观马王堆汉墓出土的三千余件珍贵文物和一具保存完整的汉代女尸。它们都是中华民族的历史瑰宝，对于研究西汉初期的政治、经济、文化、军事和科学等都具有重大的价值，被学者誉为“世界奇观，中华伟绩”。
马王堆汉墓位于长沙市东郊。原来这里有两个土冢，相传是五代，就是公元907?960年时楚王马殷的墓地，所以名叫“马王堆”。1972年初到1974年初，我国文物考古工作者相继对它们进行了科学发掘，发现地下有一、二、三号三座墓葬。根据二号墓中出土的“长沙丞相”、“软侯之印”(均为龟纽铜印)和“利苍”(玉印)三颗印章，证明这里是汉初诸侯长沙国的丞相??软侯利苍及其家族的墓地。据记载，利苍死于吕后二年，即公元前186年；三号墓墓主是利苍的儿子，死于公元前168年；一号墓墓主是利苍的妻子，根据出土印章，死者名辛追。从地层关系以及随葬物等情况分析，一号墓略晚于三号墓，故辛追约死于公元前2世纪60年代。一号墓保存最完好，这里陈列的文物大都出土于一号墓。下面我大致按陈列的次序为大家讲解。
钱币这里出土的钱币，基本上都是“明器”，即神明之器，是专为陪葬制作的。因此，它只具有象征性意义，而无实用价值。它的种类主要有“郢称”和“半两”。“郢称”是楚国通行的货币，一直沿用到汉初；“半两”多属于汉文帝时期的四铢半两。
木俑这是木俑。一号墓出土162件，三号墓出土104件。计有侍俑、乐俑、杂役俑等。这些木俑，无疑是软侯家奴婢的替身，反映了软侯家役使着众多的奴婢，过着剥削寄生生活的情况。这批木俑在制作上大量采用了半肉雕技法，造型生动，形态逼真，显示出当时雕刻工艺的高超。
乐器下面请大家参观出土的乐器。一号墓中出土有完整的25弦的瑟，22管的竽和12支竽律管。三号墓除了出土的瑟、竽之外，还出土了七弦瑟和竹笛等。下面我重点介绍一下竽和竽律两种乐器。一号墓出土的竽用竹木制成。由竽斗、竽嘴和22根竽管所组成。竿斗和竽嘴用木制；竽管由刮去表皮的竹管做成，长短不一，分两排插在竽斗内，并用多道篾箍固定。它是专为死者制作的明器。各位游客请看，与竽同出土的还有竽律一套，共12管，用竹管制成。均装在一个用乘云绣和黄绢缝制的长方形竽律袋内，每管一个小袋。各管均中空无底，律管下部书有十二律吕的名称。它也是明器。竽律在古代文献中没发现有记载。它的发掘，使我们首次看到了古代竽律的形制，是很有意义的。朋友们再请看，三号墓中也出土有一件竽，是实用器。它尚有四种折叠管，共23支。每支管上有出气孔和按孔，管内有簧片，簧片上还有银白色的“点簧”，以控制音高。这是世界管乐器中使用簧片最早的实物之 一，为我国古代音乐史的研究提供了可靠的史料。竽的出土，使我们很自然地想起了历史上有名的“南郭处士吹竽”的故事和由此而形成的“滥竽充数”著名成语。
博具这里展示的是一套博具。博具是一种娱乐用具，它是我国目前发现的惟一一件汉代完整的博具。博戏在汉代是十分受人喜爱的一种娱乐活动，但自晋代以后逐渐衰落并开始演变，到唐宋时由象棋取代。兵器这里陈列的是兵器。三号墓出土的兵器有38件。包括弓、弩、箭、剑等。弩，它利用了杠杆的原理，使箭射得更远、更准；加上铜廓，更为坚固，成了名副其实的“强弓劲弩”。
农副畜产品各位朋友都知道，中国是一个农业大国。而远在两千一百多年前的西汉长沙国就已经有了较发达的农副畜牧业。下面请看，出土的大量产品有稻、小麦、大麦、麻籽、菜籽、枣、梨、杨梅、鹿、黄牛、山羊、绵羊、鲤鱼、鲫鱼、鸡蛋等等。其中稻谷有籼、粳、黏、糯四大品种，对于研究我国古代稻谷品种和类型的演变发展，是不可多得的资料。
漆器请看，这么多漂亮的漆器，简直是太美了。数量很多，一号墓出土184件，三号墓出土316件，二号墓的漆器多已破损。器形有鼎、钟、方壶、圆壶、厘、耳杯、几、勺等。其胎质多为木胎，也有竹胎和麻布胎。纹饰有漆绘、粉彩和锥画多种，线条流畅，色彩绚丽，有的还记有容量。请看，这是
一件云纹漆鼎，在一号墓出土时，考古人员发现漆鼎中的水面上漂浮着一层莲藕片。挖掘时 满片因遇空气加上在起取过程中不可避免地荡动，藕片已全部溶解于水中了。地质工作者认为：这一现象说明二千一百年以来，长沙地区没有发生过大的地震。否则，藕片会被震荡，早已沉于水中了。在这里陈列的很多盛食器具中，您可以看到吉祥颂语，如“君幸酒”、“君幸食”等，意思是请您喝酒，请您享用美食。各位游客，至此我们看完了一展厅的周围部分，现在请大家进入中心处的内厅。
丝织品一、三号墓出土的丝织品，名目繁多。服饰有丝绵袍11件、夹袍1件、素纱禅(单)衣l件，以及裳(裙子)、手套、纱帽、鞋、袜等40余件；还有整幅的丝织物63件，品种有绢、绮、罗、纱、锦、绣等。起绒锦是我国目前发现最早的起绒织物，说明当时已经掌握了复杂的提花技术。它的发现，把我国起绒技术的创始时间，至少提早了数百年。大家看到的这件素纱禅衣的确是一件令人惊叹的稀世珍品。它身长128厘米，两袖通长190厘米，其重量包括厚实的衣领和袖口锦边在内，还不到现在的1两，仅49克。真是“薄如蝉翼”、“轻若烟雾”。它是目前世界上现存年代最早、保存最完好、制作工艺最精和最轻薄的一件丝绸衣服。可见当时的纺织技术已达到了相当高的水平。
帛书请大家往前看：三号墓中出土的十多万字的帛书，是我国历史上极为罕见的重要发现。这批帛书，为研究我国古代历史、哲学思想、科学技术等提供了极其丰富的新的资料。帛书中有《老子》甲、乙两种抄本，甲本卷后、乙本卷前各有古佚书四种；还有新的春秋战国史料《春秋事语》、《战国纵横家书》，以及《五星占》、《相马经》、《医书》数篇，共计20多种。《五星占》记载了秦始皇元年至汉文帝三年共七十年间木星、土星、金星在天空运行的位置，其中的数据资料与现在的计算数据十分接近，反映了当时我国天文学已达到了很高的水平。
帛书中有三幅地图。一幅是汉朝诸侯长沙国南部地形图。主区的范围相当于现在广西全州、灌阳一线以东，湖南新田、广东连州市一线以西，北起新田、全州一带，南界直达广东珠江口外的南海。所示的河流流向和弯曲轮廓、山脉走向、城镇方位与实际情况基本相符。第二幅为汉代诸侯长沙国南境驻军图。图中标有部队名称及驻地、工事、烽火台等军事情况。第三幅是一个县城的平面图。这些地图的出土，证明早在二千一百多年前的汉初，我国的地理科学已经达到了惊人的水平，它给我国地图学史增添了宝贵的一页。帛画请大家注意，这里是两张覆盖在一、三号墓内棺上的彩绘帛画，内容大致相似。帛画呈“T”形，画面从上至下画的是天上、人间和地下的景象。上部画有日、月、星、扶桑树、天神及天国守门神等；中部画的是墓主人出行及祭祀的场面；下部画有一巨人站在两条鳌鱼背上，托举着大地。画中神话与现实和谐地交织在一起，构思、布局精妙有致。就其绘画艺术而言，帛画堪称古代艺术品中的杰作。从帛画的形制、内容及摆放位置等情况来看，它应属于丧葬礼俗中“铭旌”一类的旗幡，用以“引魂升天”。三号墓棺室的东、西两壁悬挂有两张长方形帛画。西壁的帛画画面上有百余人，数百匹马和数十乘车。从其内容、布局分析，表现的是墓主人登临高坛检阅出征部队场面。因此这幅帛画可以叫做“出征图”。东壁的帛画由于残破过甚，已分辨不清楚，估计是墓主人生前奢侈豪华生活的写照。
朋友们!至此，第一展厅的陈列已全部观看完毕。那么两千一百多年前的汉代女尸和棺木是什么样子呢?下面请跟我到地下室，也就是第二展厅去参观。
女尸长沙马王堆汉墓中最引人注意的是，首次发现了一具保存了两千一百多年的女尸。今天，我们就来认识认识她吧。她是谁呢?她就是一号墓中汉初诸侯长沙国丞相软侯利苍的妻子辛追。在出土时，此人身高154厘米，保存体重34．3公斤。体形完整，全身润泽，皮肤覆盖完好，大部分毛发尚存，部分关节可以弯动，软组织尚有弹性。1972年底，对尸体进行了解剖，并进行了解剖学、组织学、病理学、化学等多种学科的研究。经过多方面观察研究分析，死者生前患有全身性动脉粥样硬化症、冠心病、胆石症等多种疾病。在其食管、胃肠道内共发现甜瓜子138粒半，表明患者是在吃了甜瓜之后不久死去的。经过综合分析研究，死者由于胆绞痛的急性发作，反射性地引起冠状动脉痉挛，导致心肌缺血造成猝死的可能性最大。对于古尸能保存完好的原因，也作了多方面的探讨，认为辛追死后
进行了“浴尸”，用约二十层衣衾严密包裹，及时人殓封棺后，逐渐形成了缺氧条件，这有助于延缓尸体的腐烂。入土后由于深埋20．5米、密封，共有四层棺套、棺外有椁，椁的上下四周用密闭性能好的白膏泥封闭，再加上隔绝了氧气的来源和光的照射，保持着相对的恒温和恒湿，并由于椁室中大批随葬物的腐败而产生沼气，细菌相继死亡，于是腐败过程趋向停止，加上长沙没有发生过破坏性地震，保持了墓室的密闭性能。内棺中的80升茶褐色棺液为弱酸性，具有轻度的抑菌和杀菌作用，对蛋白水解酶有较强的抑酶作用。这些都是使这具古尸能够保存下来的因素.这具女尸是一具特殊类型的尸体。它是防腐学上的奇迹，反映了汉初人们所掌握的防腐的丰富经验以及防腐学所达到的高度水平。棺木这是一号墓中的三具棺木，均系梓属类楸木制成。锦饰内棺是存放女尸的。由于汉代还没有使用棺钉，故在棺木的两端用束帛加以捆扎。朱地彩绘的头挡绘有双龙穿壁，足挡绘有两鹿登山峰。这个棺内外均涂朱红漆，又画龙、虎、鹿等古代长寿和吉祥的动物，意为表示吉祥。黑地彩绘棺用彩漆描绘了古人想象中流云漫卷的天空，在流云之中还穿插着一百一十多个神怪和奇禽异兽。棺椁请大家跟我到第三展厅看看马王堆一、三号墓的木椁。马王堆二号墓由于早年被盗，已坍塌腐烂，仅剩残木。数以千计的随葬品就放置在木椁的四个边箱之内。整个木椁结构平整严密，没有一根金属嵌钉，全是用扣接、套榫结合成的，说明当时的工艺水平是非常高的。
马王堆汉墓的棺椁埋得很深，四周上下还有大量的填塞物，依次为：木炭、白膏泥、夯土层、白膏泥、封土等五层。其中木炭每墓有一万多斤，填塞在木椁的四周，主要用于防潮。在木炭的外面是厚度达一米多的 白膏泥。白膏泥是用来塑造瓷器的瓷土，即不太纯净的高岭土，它黏性强，可塑性好，渗透性极低，是很好的防渗漏材料。白膏泥以上的填土又都被夯整夯实。这就造成了一个完全密封的环境。起到了隔氧、隔光、隔潮和相对恒湿的作用。加上长沙地壳稳定，使墓中的文物和女尸能完整地保存下来，得以在今天重现于世。马王堆汉墓出土文物就介绍到这里，谢谢大家的合作!
第五篇：湖南长沙马王堆汉墓女尸英文导游词
Mawangdui is located in the eastern outskirts of changsha, about 4km from downtown changsha,In the preceeding centuries, it was bured here, hence the name “mawangdui”formerly there were two eastern mounds here closely linked together.
From 1972 to early 1974, chinese archacological workers unearthed three tombs of the wester han dynasty here and achieved tremendous results that attracted wide attention at home and abroad.they excavated more than 3000 cultural relied and a well-preserved female corpse from the tombs.according to seals unearthed from tomb no2“chancellor to the prince to changsha”,“seal of the marquis of dai”
we know that the mawangdui was burial ground of licang , chancellor to the prince of changsha statte and mqrquis of dai in the early western han dynasty and his family.according to the historical records , licang died in the secong year of the reign of Empress lu.the occupants in tomb no3 were believed to be his son.unearthed from the tomb was a wooden tablet with the burial bate, which reads“the first day of the second month in the twelfth year” after careful textual research this was indentified as the twelfth year of reign of the han emperor wen ci.the corpse in tomb no1 is that of licang ' wife, whose personal name , according to an unearthed seal, was xingzhui, a study of conclusion that "tomb no1 dates from about the 6th dacade of the 2nd century B,C
a little later than tomb no3 tomb no1 is the best preserved, and most of the relies showed here were excavated from this tomb.now , i will introduce this thing to you one by one:
these are figurines 162 wooden figurines were unearthed from tomb no1 and 104 form tomb no3 , they fall into three categories:attendants, musicians and odd-jobservants.no doubt , they represent the numerous servants enslaved by the marquis of dai, which reveal the parasitic life of the family.now , pls look at these instuments, an intact zither with 25 strings, pipes composed of 22 pierced bamboo sticks and a set of pitch pipes were found in tomb no1 , in addition , a zither , a T-stringed harp, pipes and bamboo flutes were excavated from tonb no3.strinkingly bamboo reads were found inside.the pipes found in tomb no3 , there is a silvery point on each reed, which controls the pitch, this is the material evidence of the earliest reeds , ever used in wind instruments in the world.these are weapons:they wre excavated from tomb no3, there are 38 weapons altogether, including bows a crossbow, arrows , an arrow seabbard, a weapon stand , halberds, spears.etc.compared with the weapon of the warring state period, the bow , the crossbow and arrows were somewhat improved so that arrows
could travel futher, along with the garrison map.they help us to get an idea of the military situation in chansha state.we know that china is a very big agricultural state, and long long ago, when people lived in western han period , there had come into being somewhat developed cultivation and animal husbandry.look ,all these things were excavated from the tombs.the agricultural produce includes rice , wheat , barley, soybean, red peas, hemp seeds, vegetable;the animal produce includes deer , oxen, goats , sheep, pigs, bares ,chickens , fishes and even chicken eggs.well.lacquer ware, so beautiful!184 pieces of lacquer ware were unearthed from tomb no1 and 316 pieces from tomb no3, they includ tripods vases, square vases, boxes , toilet boxes, pitchers, ladles, cups, caved cup-containers, an armreat, a screen, a game tool and a dustpam , most of them r made of a wood base coated in lacquer, and some of a bamboo or hemp base, the designs, either painted in lacquer or pasted or incised with very fine strokes, were done in smooth and graceful.lines with gorgeous color, the exquisitely wrought lacquer wares indicate the highly developed state of lacquer crafts-manship and a side light on the economic situation of the early han dynasty.now, we have seen the areound parts of the first hall, pls follow me to the central past.here you can see the silk fabrics.
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