高中英语课文解读

第一篇：高中英语课文解读

“The key to a lock”, this is my understanding of learning method.The high school curriculum more, different subjects have different characteristics, learning methods may not follow the same pattern.It is best to follow the teacher's thinking to identify the subject law, way to get started, and constantly enrich and improvethe formation of different disciplines, different learning styles.As I said before, wemust continue to induce improvement in the learning process, find out a most suitable method.The following is my own learning experience.?

Some people say that the language test to luck, also some people said to feel.Good luck or feel about it, you can achieve high scores, even may burst awinner.At the beginning I also hold a half-believe in attitude, each will be“brewing” a language test before, hoping to find the so-called “feeling”.Later,with a few classmates exchange, plus oneself also saw some brothers and sistersthe learning experience of the book, I began to feel, to learn the language, is the need for a set of scientific method.?

First of all, to read more books, this is everyone has experience.By looking at some literary classics, or newspapers and magazines, can cultivate the sense of language, but also learn a lot of knowledge of literature, and some new and interesting ideas.Now the Chinese test, reading accounted for a considerable proportion.Not only has the classical Chinese reading, science and technology,the modern article reading.Succeed in the classroom all these abilities werecultured is simply impossible, can only rely on the extra effort.

第二篇：高中英语课文

Unit 1

ANNE’S BEST FRIEND

Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through? Anne Frank wanted the first kind, so she made her best friend.你是不是想有一位无话不谈能推心置腹的朋友呢？或者你是不是担心你的朋友会嘲笑你，会不理解你目前的困境呢？安 妮•弗兰克想要的是第一种类型的朋友，于是她就把日记当成了她最好的朋友。

Anne lived in Amsterdam in Netherlands during Would WarⅡ.Her family was Jewish so they had to hide or they would be caught by the German Nazi.She and her family hid away for nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered.During that time the only true friend was her diary.She said ,”I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do ,but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.”Now read how she felt after being in the hiding place since July 1942.安妮在第二次世界大战期间住在荷兰的阿姆斯特丹。她一家人都是犹太人，所以他们不得不躲藏起来，否则他们就会被 德国纳粹抓去。她和她的家人躲藏了两年之后才被发现。在这段时间里，她唯一的忠实朋友就是她的日记了。她说，“我不 愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账。我要把这本日记当作我的朋友，我要把我这个朋友称作基蒂”。安妮自从 1942年 7月 起就躲藏在那儿了，现在，来看看她的心情吧。

Thursday 15 Dear Kitty，th

June 1944 I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.That’s changed since I was here.我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。我记得非常清楚，以前，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花，从未令我心迷神往过。自从我来到这里，这一切都变了。

…For example, one evening when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by myself.But as the moon gave far too much light, I didn’t dare open a window.Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open.I didn’t go downstairs until the window had to be shut.The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power;it was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face….……比方说，有天晚上天气很暖和，我熬到 11点半故意不睡觉，为的是独自好好看看月亮。但是因为月光太亮了，我不 敢打开窗户。还有一次，就在五个月以前的一个晚上，我碰巧在楼上，窗户是开着的。我一直等到非关窗不可的时候才下楼 去。漆黑的夜晚，风吹雨打，雷电交加，我全然被这种力量镇住了。这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚……

…Sadly…I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows.it’s no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced.……令人伤心的是……我只能透过脏兮兮的窗帘观看大自然，窗帘悬挂在沾满灰尘的窗前，但观看这些已经不再是乐趣，因为大自然是你必须亲身体验的。

Your, Anne

Friday, 10 July 1942 When we arrived at Prinsengracht, we went quickly upstairs and the hiding place.We closed the door behind us and we were alone.Margot had come faster on her bicycle and already waiting for us.All the rooms were full of boxes.They lay on the floor and the beds.The little room was filled with bedclothes.We had to start clearing up at once, if we wished to sleep in comfortable beds that night.Mummy and Margot were not able to help.They were tired and lay down on their beds.But Daddy and I, the two “helper” of the family, started at once.The whole day we unpacked the boxes, filled the cupboards and tidied, until we were extremely tired.We did sleep in clean beds that night.We hadn’t had any warm food to eat all day, but we didn’t care.Mummy and Margot were too tired and worried to eat, and Daddy and I were too busy.Every culture has its own ways to show friendship.On the islands of Hawaii, friendship is part of the “aloha spirit”.InthelanguageoftheHawaiianswhofirstsettledtheislandslongago,alohahadaveryspecialmeaning.That is “to be with happiness”.Hawaiians believe that once somebody loves the land, they are ready to love their people or community.This is the second most import sign of friendship.It is called lokahi in Hawaiian language, which means “oneness with all people”.To enjoy the land you should not be selfish.The land is for everyone who lives on it.Today many different people call Hawaii their home.Indeed, Hawaii is a place where people make one big community from many smaller communities.Each person gives kokua(help)to other people so that all fell stronger.It’s believed that the islands can be a paradise when the people live in peace.People are told that their actions should be as gentle as the wind that blows from the sea.When problems happen, people are asked to solve them with understanding.So when people of Hawaii talk about ohana(family), they are really talking about all those who live on the islands.Living in peace, Hawaiians have developed a third sign of friendship.This personal friendship is shown by giving leis to one another.The lie, a string of flowers, is put over a friend’s neck.Then the friend is given a kiss on cheek.Visitors to the islands are also given lies.When they hear aloha, visitors begin to feel at home.Aloha also means “goodbye”, so visitors will hear it again when they leave.It can also mean “our hearts singing together”.Perhaps this is how most visitors will remember their new friendship.Unit 2

THE ROAD TO MODERN ENGLISH At the end of the 16 century, about five to seven million people spoke English.Nearly all of them lived in England.Later in the next century, people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world and because of that, English begin to be spoken in many other countries.Today, more people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before.16世纪末期大约有 5百万到 7百万人说英语，几乎所有这些人都生活在英国。后来，在 17世纪英国人开始航海征服了 世界其它地区。于是，许多别的国家开始说英语了。如今说英语的人比以往任何时候都多，他们有的是作为第一语言来说，有的是作为第二语言或外语。

Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don't speak the same kind of English.Look at this kind of example: 以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以互相交流。请看以下例子： British Betty: Would you like to see my flat? 英国人贝蒂：“请到我的公寓（flat）里来看看，好吗？” American Amy: Yes.I’d like to come up to your apartment.美国人艾米：“好的。我很乐意到你的公寓（apartment）去。

So why has English changed over time? Actually all languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicatewitheachother.AtfirsttheEnglishspokeninEnglandbetweenaboutAD450and1150wasverydifferent the English spoken today.It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.Then gradually between about AD800 to 1150, English became less like germen because those who ruled England spoke first Danish and later French.These new settlers enriched the English language and especially its vocabulary.So by the 1600’s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before.In 1620 some British settlers moved to American.Later in the 18 century some British people were taken to Australia too.English began to be spoken th th in both countries.那么，英语在一段时间里为什么会起变化呢？事实上，当不同文化互相交流渗透时，所有的语言都会有所发展，有所变 化。首先，在公元 450年到 1150年间，人们所说的英语跟今天所说的英语就很不一样。当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础的，而现代英语不是。然后，渐渐地，大约在公元 800年到 1150年期间，英语不那么像德语了。因为那时的英国的统治者起初讲 丹麦语后来讲法语。这些新的定居者大大丰富了英语语言，特别是在词汇方面。所以到 17 世纪，莎士比亚所用的词汇量比 以前任何时期都大。在 1620年，一些英国人搬迁到美洲定居。后来，到了 19世纪，有些英国人也被送往澳大利亚，两个国 家的人都开始说英语了。

first Samuel Johnson wrote his dictionary and later Noah Webster wrote The American Dictionary of the English Language.The latter gave a separate identity to American English spelling.最后，到 20世纪，英语才真正定形。那时，英语在拼写上发生了两大变化：首先，塞缪尔•约翰逊编写了词典，后来，诺厄 •韦伯斯特编纂了《美国英语词典》，后者体现了美国英语拼写的不同特色。

English now is also spoken as a foreign or second language in South Asia.For example, India has a very large number of fluent English speakers because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947.during that time English became the language for government and education.English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia and countries in Africa such as South Africa.Today the number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly.In fact, China may have the largest number of English learners.Will Chinese English develop its own identity? Only time will tell.现在，英语在南亚也被当作外语或第二语言来说。比如说，印度拥有众多讲英语很流利的人，这是因为英国于 1765年到 1947 年统治过印度。在那期间，英语成了官方语言和教育用语。在新加坡、马来西亚和非洲其它国家，比如南非，人们也说英语。目前在中国学习英语的人数正在迅速增长。事实上，中国可能拥有世界上最多的英语学习者。中国英语会发展出自己的特色 吗？这只能由时间来回答了。

STANDARD ENGLISH AND DIALECTS What is standard English? Is it spoken in Britain, the US, Canada, Australia, India and New Zealand? Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English.Many people believe the English spoken on TV and the radio is standard English.This is because in the early days of radio, those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English.However, on TV and the radio you will hear differences in the way people speak.什么是标准英语？是在英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、印度、新西兰所说的英语吗？信不信由你，（世界上）没有什么标 准英语。许多人认为，电视和收音机里所说的就是标准英语，这是因为在早期的电台节目里，人们期望新闻播音员所说的英 语是最好的英语。然而，在电视和收音机里，你也会听出人们在说话时的差异。When people use words and expressions different from the “standard language”, it is called a dialect.American English has many dialects, especially the Midwestern, southern, African American and Spanish dialects.Even in some parts of the USA, two people from neighbouring towns speak a little differently.American English has so many dialects because people have come from all over the world.当人们用不同于“标准语言”的词语时，那就叫做方言。美国英语有许多方言，特别是中西部和南部地区的方言，以及黑 人和西班牙人的方言。在美国有些地区，即使是相邻城镇的两个人所说的语言都可能稍有不同。美国英语之所以有这么多的 方言是因为美国人是来自世界各地的缘故。

Geography also plays a part in making dialects.Some people who live in the mountains of the eastern USA speak with an older kind of English dialect.When Americans moved from one place to another, they took their dialects with them.So people from the mountains in the southeastern USA speak with almost the same dialects as people in the northwestern USA.The USA is a large country in which many different dialects are spoken.Although many Americans move a lot, they still recognize and understand each other’s dialects.地理位置对方言的产生也有影响。住在美国东部山区的一些人说着比较古老的英语方言。当美国人从一个地方搬到另一个地 方时，他们也就把他们的方言随着带去了。因此，美国东南部山区的人同美国西北部的人所说的方言就几乎相同。美国是一 个使用多种方言的大国。虽然许多美国人经常搬迁，但是他们仍然能够辨别、理解彼此的方言。

THE OXFORD ENGLISH DICTIONARY You may think that English dictionaries have been used for many, many centuries.The spelling of English has always been a problem but it was more of a problem in the days before a dictionary.Then people could spell word in different ways which you might find it interesting.But it made reading English much more difficult.So dictionaries were invented to encourage everybody to spell the same.In fact, an English dictionary like the kind you use today wasn’t made until the time of the late Qing Dynasty.There men did most of the important early work on dictionaries: Samuel Johnson, Noah Webster, and James Murray.These men spent nearly all of their lives trying to collect words for their dictionaries.For them, it wasn’t only a job;it was a wonderful journey of discovery.The largest dictionary in the world is the Oxford English Dictionary, or OED for short.The idea for this dictionary came from an important meeting in Britain in 1857.Twenty-two years later, Oxford University th

Murray had never been to college.At the age of fourteen, he left his village school in Scotland and taught himself while working in a bank.Later he became a great teacher.After Oxford gave him the job, Murray had a place built in the garden behind his house to do his work.Part of it was one meter underground.In winter it felt like a barn, he had to wear a heavy coat and put his feet in a box to keep warm.Every morning, Murray got out of bed at five o’clock and worked several hours before breakfast.Often he would work by the candle light into the evening.Murray hoped to finish the new dictionary in ten years.But after five years, he was still adding words for the letter A!then others went to work with Murray, including his two daughters.He worked on the dictionary until he was very old.Forty-four years later, in1928, other editors finished it.It included more than 15,000 pages in twelve books.And you thought your dictionary was big!Unit 3

JOURNEY DOWN THE MEKONG PART 1 THE DREAM AND THE PLAN My name is Wang Kun.Ever since middle school, my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great bike trip.Two years ago she bought an expensive mountain bike and then she persuaded me to buy one.Last year, she visited our cousins, Dao Wei and Yu Hang at their college in Kunming.They are Dai and grew up in western Yunnan Province near the Lancang River, the Chinese part of the river that is called the Mekong River in other countries.Wang Wei soon got them interested in cycling too.After graduating from college.we finally got the chance to take a bike trip.I asked my sister, “Where are we going?” It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends.Now she is planning our schedule for the trip.我的名字叫王坤。从高中起，我姐姐王薇和我就一直梦想作一次伟大的自行车旅行。两年前，她买了一辆昂贵的山地自行车，然后还说服我买了一辆（山地车）。去年她去看望了我们的表兄弟——在昆明读大学的刀卫和宇航。他们是傣族人，在云南 省西部靠近澜沧江的地方长大，湄公河在中国境内的这一段叫澜沧江，在其他国家（境内）叫湄公河。很快，王薇使表兄弟 也对骑车旅游产生了兴趣。大学毕业以后，我们终于有了机会骑自行车旅行。我问我姐姐：“我们要去哪儿？”首先想到要 沿湄公河从源头到终点骑车旅游的是我的姐姐。现在她正在为我们的旅行制定计划。I am fond of my sister but she has one serious shortcoming.She can be really stubborn.Although she didn't know the best way of getting to places, she insisted that she organize the trip properly.Now, I know that the proper way is always her way.I kept asking her, “When are we leaving and when are we coming back?” I asked her whether she had looked at a map yet.Of course, she hadn't;my sister doesn't care about details.So I told her that the source of the Mekong is in Qinghai Province.She gave me a determined look—the kind that said she would not change her mind.When I told her that our journey would begin at an altitude of more than 5,000 metres, she seemed to be excited about it.When I told her the air would be hard to breathe and it would be very cold, she said it would be an interesting experience.I know my sister well.Once she has made up her mind, nothing can change it.Finally, I had to give in.我很喜欢我姐姐，但是她有一个很严重的缺点。她有时确实很固执。尽管她对去某些地方的最佳路线并不清楚，她却坚持要 自己把这次旅游安排得尽善尽美。于是，我就知道这个尽善尽美的方式总是她的方式。我不停地问她，“我们什么时候出发？ 什么时候回来？”我还问她是否看过地图。当然她并没有看过——我的姐姐是不会考虑细节的。于是，我告诉她，湄公河的 源头在青海省。她给了我一个坚定的眼神——这种眼神表明她是不会改变主意的。我说，我们的旅行将从 5, 000多米的高地 出发，这时她似乎显得很兴奋。当我告诉她那里空气稀薄，呼吸困难，而且天气很冷时，她却说这将是一次有趣的经历。我 非常了解我的姐姐，她一旦下了决心，什么也不能使她改变。最后，我只好让步了。Several months before our trip,Wang Wei and I went to the library.We found a large atlas with good maps that showed details of world geography.From the atlas we could see that the Mekong River begins in a glacier on a Tibetan mountain.At first the river is small and the water is clear and cold.Then it begins to move quickly.It becomes rapids as it passes through deep valleys, travelling across western Yunnan Province.Sometimes the river becomes a waterfall and enters wide valleys.We were both surprised to learn that half of the river is inChina.AfteritleavesChinaandthehighaltitude,theMekongbecomeswide，brownandwarm.AsitentersSoutheast

Asia, its pace slows.It makes wide bends or meanders through low valleys to the plains where rice grows.At last, the river delta enters the South China Sea.在我们旅行前的几个月，王薇和我去了图书馆。我们找到一本大型地图册，里面有一些世界地理的明细图。我们从图上可以 看到，湄公河发源于西藏一座山上的冰川。起初，江面很小，河水清澈而冷冽，然后它开始快速流动。它穿过深谷时就变成 了急流，流经云南西部。有时，这条江形成瀑布，进入宽阔的峡谷。我们俩惊奇地发现这条河有一半是在中国境内。当流出 中国，流出高地之后，湄公河就变宽了，变暖了，河水也变成了黄褐色。而当它进入东南亚以后，流速减缓，河水蜿蜒缓慢 地穿过低谷，流向生长稻谷的平原。最后，湄公河三角洲的各支流流入中国南海。

PART2 A NIGHT IN THE MOUNTAINS Although it was autumn,the snow was already beginning to fall in Tibet.Our legs were so heavy and cold that they felt like blocks of ice.Have you ever seen snowmen ride bicycles?That’s what we looked like!Along the way children dressed in long wool coats stopped to look at us.In the late afternoon we found it was so cold that our water bottles froze..However,the lakes shonelike glass in the setting sun and looked wonderful.Wangwei rode in front of me as usual.She is very reliable and I knew I didn’t need to encourage her.To climb the mountains was hard work but as we looked around us, we were surprised by the view.We seemed to be able to see for miles.At one point we were so high that we found ourselves cycling through clouds.Then we began going down the hills.It was great fun especially as it gradually became much warmer.In the valleys colourful butterflies flew around us and we saw many yaks and sheep eating green grass.At this point we had to change our caps, coats,gloves and trousers for T-shirts and shorts.虽然是秋天，但是西藏已经开始下雪了。我们的腿又沉又冷，感觉就像大冰块。你看到过雪人骑自行车吗？我们看上去就像 那样。一路上，一些身着羊毛大衣的孩子们停下来看着我们。下午晚些时候，我们发现由于天冷我们的水壶都冻上了。然而，湖水在落日的余晖下闪亮如镜，景色迷人。像往常一样，王薇在我的前面，她很可靠，我知道我用不着给她鼓劲儿。上山很 艰难，但是当我们环顾四周，（眼前的）景色让我们感到惊奇，我们似乎能看到几百里以外的地方。在某个时刻，我们发现 自己置身高处，彷佛骑车穿越云层。然后我们开始下山，这非常有趣，特别是天气逐渐变得暖和多了。在山谷里，五彩斑斓 的蝴蝶翩翩飞舞在我们身旁，我们还看到牦牛和羊群在吃草。这时，我们不得不把帽子、外衣、手套和长裤脱掉，换成 T恤 衫和短裤。

In the early evening we always stop to make camp.We put up our tent and then we eat.After supper Wang Wei put her head down on her pillow and went to sleep but I stayed awake.At midnight the sky became clearer and the stars grew brighter.It was so quiet.There was almost no wind—only the flames of our fire for company.As I lay beneath the stars I thought about how far we had already travelled.一到傍晚，我们通常就停下来宿营，（于是），我们先把帐篷支起来，然后吃饭。晚饭后，王薇把头放在枕头上就睡觉了，而 我却醒着。半夜里，天空变得清朗了，星星更亮了。（夜晚）非常安静——几乎没有风，只有篝火的火焰和我们做伴。当我 躺在星空下，我想着我们已经走了多远。

We will reach Dali in Yunnan Province soon, where our cousins Dao Wei and Yu Hang will join us.We can hardly wait to see them!我们很快就要到达云南的大理。在那里，我们的表兄弟刀卫和宇航将加入我们的行列。我们迫不及待地想要见到他们！

PART 6 THE END OF OUR JOUNEY Cambodia was in many ways similar to Laos, although it has twice the population.At another inn, we talked with a teacher who told us that half of the people in her country couldn’t read or write.Her village couldn’t even afford to build a school, so she had to teach outside under a large tent.When we said goodbye, we all felt very lucky to have studied in college.Back on the road, we passed between many hills and forests.Then we came to the plains and entered Phnom Penh,the capital of Cambodia.In many ways it looked like Vientiane and Ho Chi Minh City;it also had wide streets with trees in rows and old French houses.Unlike Vientiane, ships could travel the Mekong River here.In the center of the city we visited the palace and a beautiful white elephant.It can only be seen outside the palace on special days.We ate an early supper and went to see a great temple with floors made of sliver.The next morning our group slept late.We were very tired from the long bike ride the day before.Cycling in the hills had been diffcuilt.Now our couins had the chance to make jokes about Wangwei and me.Perhaps,they said,they were the strong ones!We had lunch at a nice outdoor cafe,then rode out of the city.Two days later we crossed the border into Vietnam.We began to see many more people,but I wasn’t surprised.I

第三篇：高中英语课文原文

英文的文章是不很难去理解，下面就由小编为大家整理高中英语课文原文，欢迎大家查看!

必修一 Unit

1Anne’s Best Friend Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through? Anne Frank wanted the first kind, so she made her diary her best friend.Anne lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World War Ⅱ.Her family was Jewish so nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered.During that time the only true friend was her diary.She said, ”I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.” Now read how she felt after being in the hiding place since July 1942.Thursday 15th June, 1944 Dear Kitty, I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.That’s changed since I was here.…For example, one evening when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by my self.But as the moon gave far too much light, I didn’t dare open a window.Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open.I didn’t go downstairs until the window bad to be shut.The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power;it was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face… …Sadly …I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows.It’s no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced.Yours, Anne

第一单元 友谊Reading 安妮最好的朋友 你是不是想有一位无话不谈能推心置腹的朋友呢?或者你是不是担心你的朋友会嘲笑你，会不理解你目前的困境呢?安妮·弗兰克想要的是第一种类型的朋友，于是她就把

日记当成她最好的朋友。安妮在第二次世界大战期间住在荷兰的阿姆斯特丹。她一家人都是犹太人，所以他们不得不躲藏起来，否则他们就会被德国纳粹抓去。她和她的家人躲藏两年之后才被发现。在这段时间里，她唯一的忠实朋友就是她的日记。她说，“我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账。我要把这本日记当作我的朋友，我要把我这个朋友称作基蒂”。安妮自从1942年7月起就躲藏在那儿，现在，来看看她的心情吧。亲爱的基蒂： 我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。我记得非常清楚，以前，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花，从未令我心迷神往过。自从我来到这里，这一切都变。比方说，有天晚上天气很暖和，我熬到11点半故意不睡觉，为的是独自好好看看月亮。但是因为月光太亮，我不敢打开窗户。还有一次，就在五个月以前的一个晚上，我碰巧在楼上，窗户是开着的。我一直等到非关窗不可的时候才下楼去。漆黑的夜晚，风吹雨打，雷电交加，我全然被这种力量镇住。这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚 令人伤心的是我只能透过脏兮兮的窗帘观看大自然，窗帘悬挂在沾满灰尘的窗前，但观看这些已经不再是乐趣，因为大自然是你必须亲身体验的。Using Language Reading, listening and writing 亲爱的王小姐： 我同班上的同学有件麻烦事。我跟我们班里的一位男同学一直相处很好，我们常常一起做家庭作业，而且很乐意相互帮助。我们成非常好的朋友。可是，其他同学却开始在背后议论起来，他们说我和这位男同学在谈恋爱，这使我很生气。我不想中断这段友谊，但是我又讨厌人家背后说闲话。我该怎么办呢? Reading and writing 尊敬的编辑： 我是苏州高中的一名

学生。我有一个难题，我不太善于同人们交际。虽然我的确试着去跟班上的同学交谈，但是我还是发现很难跟他们成为好朋友。因此，有时候我感到十分孤独。我确实想改变这种现状，但是我却不知道该怎么办。如果您能给我提些建议，我会非常感激的。

Unit

2the Road to Modern English At the end of the 16th century, about five to seven million people spoke English.Nearly all of them lived in England.Later in the next century, people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world, and because of that, English began to be spoken in many other countries.Today, more people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before.Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English.Look at this example: British Betty: Would you like to see my flat? American Amy: Yes.I’d like to come up to you apartment.So why has English changed over time? Actually all languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other.At fist the English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from the English spoken today.It was base more on German than the English we speak at present.Then gradually between about AD 500 and 1150, English became less like German because those who ruled England spoke first Danish and later French.These new settlers enriched the English language and especially its vocabulary.So by the 1600’s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before.In 1620 some British settlers moved to America.Later in the 18th century some British people were taken to Australia to.English began to be spoken in both countries.Finally by the 19th century the language was settled.At that time two big changes in English spelling happened: first Samuel Johnson wrote his dictionary and later Noah Webster wrote The American Dictionary of the English language.The latter gave a separate identity to American English spelling.English now is also spoken as a foreign or second language in South Asia.For example, India has a very large number of fluent English speakers because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947.During that time English became the language for government and education.English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia and countries in Africa such as South Africa.Today the number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly.In fact, China may have the largest number of English learners.Will Chinese English develop its own identity? Only time will tell.第二单元 世界上的英语 Reading 通向现代英语之路 16世纪末期大约有5百万到7百万人说英语，几乎所有这些人都

生活在英国。后来，在17世纪英国人开始航海征服世界其它地区。于是，许多别的国家开始说英语。如今说英语的人比以往任何时候都多，他们有的是作为第一语言来说，有的是作为第二语言或外语。以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以互相交流。请看以下例子： 英国人贝蒂：“请到我的公寓(flat)里来看看，好吗?” 美国人艾米：“好的。我很乐意到你的公寓(apartment)去。” 那么，英语在一段时间里为什么会起变化呢?事实上，当不同文化互相交流渗透时，所有的语言都会有所发展，有所变化。首先，在公元450年到1150年间，人们所说的英语跟今天所说的英语就很不一样。当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础的，而现代英语不是。然后，渐渐地，大约在公元800年到1150年期间，英语不那么像德语。因为那时的英国的统治者起初讲丹麦语后来讲法语。这些新的定居者大大丰富英语语言，特别是在词汇方面。所以到17世纪，莎士比亚所用的词汇量比以前任何时期都大。在1620年，一些英国人搬迁到美洲定居。后来，到19世纪，有些英国人也被送往澳大利亚，两个国家的人都开始说英语。最后，到20世纪，英语才真正定形。那时，英语在拼写上发生两大变化：首先，塞缪尔·约翰逊编写词典，后来，诺厄·韦伯斯特编纂《美国英语词典》，后者体现美国英语拼写的不同特色。现在，英语在南亚也被当作外语或第二语言来说。比如说，印度拥有众多讲英语很流利的人，这是因为英国于1765年到1947年统治过印度。在那期间，英语成官方语言和教育用语。在新加坡、马来西亚和非洲其它国家，比如南非，人们也说英语。

目前在中国学习英语的人数正在迅速增长。事实上，中国可能拥有世界上最多的英语学习者。中国英语会发展出自己的特色吗?这只能由时间来回答。Using Language 标准英语和方言 什么是标准英语?是在英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、印度、新西兰所说的英语吗?信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语。许多人认为，电视和收音机里所说的就是标准英语，这是因为在早期的电台节目里，人们期望新闻播音员所说的英语是最好的英语。然而，在电视和收音机里，你也会听出人们在说话时的差异。当人们用不同于“标准语言”的词语时，那就叫做方言。美国英语有许多方言，特别是中西部和南部地区的方言，以及黑人和西班牙人的方言。在美国有些地区，即使是相邻城镇的两个人所说的语言都可能稍有不同。美国英语之所以有这么多的方言是因为美国人是来自世界各地的缘故。地理位置对方言的产生也有影响。住在美国东部山区的一些人说着比较古老的英语方言。当美国人从一个地方搬到另一个地方时，他们也就把他们的方言随着带去。因此，美国东南部山区的人同美国西北部的人所说的方言就几乎相同。美国是一个使用多种方言的大国。虽然许多美国人经常搬迁，但是他们仍然能够辨别、理解彼此的方言。

Unit

3Journey Down the Mekong My name is Wang Kun.Ever since middle school, my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great bike trip.Two years ago she bought an expensive mountain bike and then she persuaded me to buy one.Last year, she visited our cousins, Dao Wei and Yu Hang at their college if Kunming.They are Dai and grew up in western Yunnan Province near the Lancang River, the Chinese part of the river that is called the Mekong River in other countries.Wang Wei soon got time interested in cycling too.After graduating from college, we finally got the chance to take a bike trip.I asked my sister, “Where are we going?” It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends.Now she is planning our schedule for the trip.I am fond of my sister but she has one serious shortcoming.She can be really stubborn.Although she didn’t know the best way of getting to places, she insisted that she organize the trip properly.Now I know that the proper way is always her way.I kept asking her, “When are we leaving and when are we coming back?”

I asked her whether she had looked at a map yet.Of course she hadn’t;my sister doesn’t care about details.So I told her that the source of the Mekong is in Qinghai Province.She gave me a determined look--the kind that said she would not change her mind.When I told her that our journey would begin at an altitude of more than 5,000 meters, she seemed to be excited about it.When I told her the air would be hard to breathe and it would be very cold, she said it would be an interesting experience.I know my sister well.Once she has made up her mind, nothing can change it.Finally, I had to give in.Several months before our trip, Wang Wei and I went to the library.We found a large atlas with good maps that showed details of world geography.From the atlas we could see that the Mekong River begins in a glacier to move quickly.It becomes rapids as it passes through deep valleys, traveling across western Yunnan Province.Sometimes the river becomes a water fall and enters wide valleys.We were both surprised to learn that half of the river is in China.After it leaves China and high altitude, the Mekong becomes wide, brown and warm.As it enters Southeast Asia, its pace slows.It makes wide bends or meanders through low valleys to the plains where rice grows.At last, the river delta enters the South China Sea.第三单元

游记Reading 沿湄公河而下的旅程 第一部分梦想与计划 我的名字叫王坤。从高中起，我姐姐王薇和我就一直梦想作一次伟大的自行车

旅行。两年前，她买一辆昂贵的山地自行车，然后还说服我买一辆(山地车)。去年她去看望我们的表兄弟——在昆明读大学的刀卫和宇航。他们是傣族人，在云南省西部靠近澜沧江的地方长大，湄公河在中国境内的这一段叫澜沧江，在其他国家(境内)叫湄公河。很快，王薇使表兄弟也对骑车旅游产生兴趣。大学毕业以后，我们终于有机会骑自行车旅行。我问我姐姐：“我们要去哪儿?”首先想到要沿湄公河从源头到终点骑车旅游的是我的姐姐。现在她正在为我们的旅行制定计划。我很喜欢我姐姐，但是她有一个很严重的缺点。她有时确实很固执。尽管她对去某些地方的最佳路线并不清楚，她却坚持要自己把这次旅游安排得尽善尽美。于是，我就知道这个尽善尽美的方式总是她的方式。

我不停地问她，“我们什么时候出发?什么时候回来?”我还问她是否看过地图。当然她并没有看过——我的姐姐是不会考虑细节的。于是，我告诉她，湄公河的源头在青海省。她给我一个坚定的眼神——这种眼神表明她是不会改变主意的。我说，我们的旅行将从5, 000多米的高地出发，这时她似乎显得很兴奋。当我告诉她那里空气稀薄，呼吸困难，而且天气很冷时，她却说这将是一次有趣的经历。我非常解我的姐姐，她一旦下决心，什么也不能使她改变。最后，我只好让步。在我们旅行前的几个月，王薇和我去图书馆。我们找到一本大型地图册，里面有一些世界地理的明细图。我们从图上可以看到，湄公河发源于西藏一座山上的冰川。起初，江面很小，河水清澈而冷冽，然后它开始快速流动。它穿过深谷时就变成急流，流经云南西部。有时，这条江形成瀑布，进入宽阔的峡谷。我们俩惊奇地发现这条河有一半是在中国境内。当流出中国，流出高地之后，湄公河就变宽，变暖，河水也变成黄褐色。而当它进入东南亚以后，流速减缓，河水蜿蜒缓慢地穿过低谷，流向生长稻谷的平原。最后，湄公河三角洲的各支流流入中国南海。Using Language 夜晚的西藏山景 第二部分山中一宿 虽然是秋天，但是西藏已经开始下雪。我们的腿又沉又冷，感觉就像大冰块。你看到过雪人骑自行车吗?我们看上去就像那样。一路上，一些身着羊毛大衣的孩子们停下来看着我们。下午晚些时候，我们发现由于天冷我们的水壶都冻上。然而，湖水在落日的余晖下闪亮如镜，景色迷人。像往常一样，王薇在我的前面，她很可靠，我知道我用不着给她鼓劲儿。上山很艰难，但是当我们环顾四周，(眼前的)景色让我们感到惊奇，我们似乎能看到几百里以外的地方。在某个时刻，我们发现自己置身高处，彷佛骑车穿越云层。然后我们开始下山，这非常有趣，特别是天气逐渐变得暖和多。在山谷里，五彩斑斓的蝴蝶翩翩飞舞在我们身旁，我们还看到牦牛和羊群在吃草。这时，我们不得不把帽子、外衣、手套和长裤脱掉，换成T恤衫和短裤。一到傍晚，我们通常就停下来宿营，(于是)，我们先把帐篷支起来，然后吃饭。晚饭后，王薇把头放在枕头上就睡觉，而我却醒着。半夜里，天空变得清朗，星星更亮。(夜晚)非常安静——几乎没有风，只有篝火的火焰和我们做伴。当我躺在星空下，我想着我们已经走多远。我们很快就要到达云南的大理。在那里，我们的表兄弟刀卫和宇航将加入我们的行列。我们迫不及待地想要见到他们!

第四篇：课文解读

课文《说“屏”》的解读指导

曾小妹

10师范教育班

学号：42

一、教学设想：

《说“屏”》是一篇说明文，主要通过对屏的特点、作用、种类的说明，让我们了解“屏”这种事物，增强对中国传统文化的热爱。作为八年级的学生，已在七年级上册接触了说明文，并且本单元的前四篇课文也是典型的说明文，所以学生在说明对象、说明方法的掌握上不会存在太大问题。

教学目标：

1、能正确识读本课的生字、词。

2、能把握说明文的文体特征，可以准确地找出说明对象的特征，并了解作者对“屏”的感情。

3、理解文中古诗词的含义。理解课文内容，了解“屏”的有关知识。

4、通过对课文的学习，让学生开阔眼界，激发对祖国文化的自豪感。

二、教学步骤

（一）激发兴趣，导入新课

1、导入：从学生日常生活中在餐厅、宾馆中见到的“屏”说起，使用多媒体展示屏风图片，告诉他们“屏”以来已久，并且在

古诗词中出现多次，而且充满诗情画意，引出本课-------《说“屏”》。（这种导入从学生身边的事物说起，又能引发学生兴趣：古诗词中怎么写的？为什么说它充满诗情画意？可以充分调动学生积极性。）

2、让学生通过查阅工具书解决字词问题，教师可做指导。（扫除阅读中的障碍，为课堂下一环节的进行打下基础，并且体现了语文工具性）(二)学生阅读课文，探讨问题

提问：（1）本文的说明对象是什么？

（2）本文围绕说明对象讲了哪些特征？

（根据题目概括课文内容要点，理清课文思路，从总体上把握课文，实际上也是训练学生提取关键信息和归纳、概括信息的能力的过程，也能引导学生进行深层思考。）

（三）探究质疑，精读课文。

1、作者从哪三个方面介绍了有关屏的知识?（明确：屏的作用，屏的种类，屏在设置上应注意的问题。★作用：遮挡视线；起分隔作用；艺术点缀；挡风。★ 种类：按屏的建造材料及其装饰的华丽程度，分为金屏、银屏、锦屏、画屏、石屏、木屏、竹屏等。★设置上应注意的问题：屏的设置，在与整体的相称、安放的位置与作用、曲屏的折度、视线的远近诸方面，均要做到得体。）

2、找出你最喜欢的句子，例如文中的古诗词，说说为什么喜欢?

然后有感情地读一读。

（1）“银烛秋光冷画屏，轻罗小扇扑流萤”

明确：出自唐诗人杜牧《秋夕》诗。全诗如下：“银烛秋光冷画屏，轻罗小扇扑流萤。天阶夜色凉如水，卧看牵牛织女星。”这是一首描写封建帝王后宫宫女生活图景的诗。整首诗描绘出寂静凄清的环境气氛，烘托出人物内心世界的痛苦。（2）“锦屏人忒看得这韶光贱”

明确:出自明代戏剧家汤显祖《牡丹亭》的“游园”一出。杜丽娘为自己没有珍惜大好春光而感到惋惜，也因此激起了追求青春幸福的热望。“锦屏人”指闺中女郎。“韶光”指美丽的春光，也暗指自己的青春。“忒”读“tuī”“太”的意思。这句话凝聚着主人公心中的无限哀怨。

（3）“抱膝看屏山”

明确：出于张恨水的《金粉世家》，填的是“临江仙”的词牌。写女主人公冷清秋在小楼参佛诵经，顿悟一生得失。

3、课文多处引用古诗词，有什么好处？

多处引用古诗词，使全文具有浓浓的诗意和韵味，这和本文的说明对象——屏风——这种中国传统器具是相称的。

引用《秋夕》诗句，表达了作者幼时对屏风无限地向往与喜爱之情，放在开篇，易引起读者的阅读兴趣。《牡丹亭》中“银屏人忒看得这韶光贱”放在屏风的定义后既补充了屏风的含义，又使语言生动有趣。结尾两处引用古诗佳句，点出“屏”这种古代器具所具有的文化内涵，表达了作者希望人们更好地开发和使用屏风的愿望。

4、从全文看，作者推“屏”的感情是怎样的？作者的写作意图是什么？

5、文中运用哪些说明方法？并分析其作用。明确：举例子、分类别、引用等

（四）拓展延伸：

1、查找积累与屏风有关的诗句。

2、你还知道哪些图画描绘了屏？全班交流，请你引诗配画作解说。

3、想像一下，今后的屏风将会有怎样的用途?

（五）课堂小结：

本文的作者用生动的语言介绍了屏风的使用功能和装饰功能，并发表了自己的看法，抒发了对屏风的热爱之情。希望

借此唤起建筑师和家具师乃至使用者的注意，以期屏风所具有的文化内涵永远散发不朽的艺术魅力。我们也期待着，屏风在今天的艺术装饰中重新大放异彩。

第五篇：高中英语教学大纲解读

高中英语教学大纲目标解读

普通高中是基础教育的一个重要阶段，《普通高中英语教学大纲》是高中外语教学的实施纲要。高中英语课通过本学科知识的传授和能力的培养，提高全体学生素质。根据《大纲》的规定，高中三年分为两个教学目标：头两年要求达到第一级目标，第三年（文、理科选修）要求达到第二级目标。要认真贯彻《大纲》的指导思想，使高中英语教学目标分级，分层次教学，调动绝大多数学生学习的积极性，从而提高英语教学效益。就《大纲》的“教学目的”部分，我们海头高级中学英语教研组认为从以下四个方面深入理解。

一、英语语言教学

《大纲》规定：在义务教育初中英语教学的基础上，巩固、扩大学生的基础知识，发展听、说、读、写的基本技能，培养在口头上和书面上初步运用英语进行交际的能力，侧重培养阅读能力，并使学生获得一定的自学能力，为继续学习和运用英语切实打好基础。

（一）培养在口头上和书面上初步运用英语进行交际的能力

交际能力至少要包含三个方面的能力：第一是语言能力，即掌握语音、语法、词汇等语言的形式，也就是有语法能力、遣词造句的能力；第二是运用语言有效地交流思想的能力，指在预先未知的真实（不是课堂上模拟的）情景中使用语言进行交流，填补信息沟，达到交流思想的目的的能力；第三是社会语言能力，要求学生对所学语言国家的文化要有所了解，懂得何时、何地、何种场合、对谁该用什么方式和态度说什么话，要求得体地使用语言达到交流的目的。

《大纲》教学内容部分列出了语音、词汇、语法等项目，详细列出了日常交际用语４１项，约有３００多个基本句型和用语，能运用日常交际用语表中的表达方法，围绕日常生活话题，进行初步的交际。因此要设法创造交际活动的情景，开展多种形式的交际性活动，例如，角色表演、调查、解题、讨论、辩论、采访、写便条、写信、记日记等，使学生能有充分的机会通过口、笔头使用英语表达自己的思想。

（二）侧重培养阅读能力

在教学中应尽可能加强听读训练，特别要增加泛读训练，指导学生进行课外阅读。《大纲》对学生阅读能力的要求是根据总的教学目的制订的，学生需要具备以下阅读技能： １．能使用词典、语法工具书等进行独立阅读；

２．阅读生词率不超过３％的文段（包括图表和常见标志），能根据上下文猜测词义，把握文段的中心思想和主要事实；

３．能够把握所读材料的主要逻辑线索、时间和空间顺序； ４．能根据上下文理解作者的态度和观点；

５．能根据已知的事实推断出文段未直接写出的意思。

培养学生的阅读能力主要依靠课文的教学，高中课文的阅读量至多有两三万词，平均每个学期才有数千词。因此，要大力提倡泛读，同时阅读课文的教学方法也应改进，应把重点放在对课文内容的理解上，应注意以下几点：

１．在学生阅读课文之前，应就其内容提出关键性问题，引导学生思考，预测其中的内容；

２．对影响理解课文的关键词语进行重点讲解；

３．学生默读课文，用眼扫视，逐句（不是逐字）阅读，用脑思考，根据上下文猜测个别非关键性词的意思，抓住文段大意，验证自己的预测，对读前的问题做出回答，并思考新的问题；

４．鼓励学生提出问题，并有针对性地、简明扼要地分析语言现象，讲解文段中新的语法结构； ５．向学生提出更多的问题，引导学生再次阅读课文，熟悉细节，掌握全部内容； ６．当学生完全理解课文后，放录音让学生模仿朗读，要求他们带着感情、绘声绘色地朗读，进一步体会语篇中的涵义，同时提高语音语调水平；

７．围绕课文开展各种形式的口、笔头交际性活动，如复述、讨论（文段直接写出的和未写出的意思）、摘要（全文或段落大意、按时间顺序罗列史实等）、角色扮演、采访、调查（与课文同类的问题）、写报告等。

（三）使学生获得一定的自学能力 在这方面应注意以下几点： １．独立学习英语词汇的能力在初中语音和词汇学习的基础上，形成一套学习词汇的方法：能够运用拼读规则、音标和构词法知识拼读和记忆单词，并结合上下文正确理解词义；自觉地按读音或拼法特点将所学单词归类，记在小本上，随身携带，不断复习；在课外阅读中不断吸收新词，记入小本，有意识地扩大英语词汇量。除了学习单词，还应特别注意习惯用语和固定搭配，注意它们在课文中的用法，把那些与汉语差异大的、较难理解的短语记入小本，典型的例句也最好记住。对于《大纲》词表

（一）中的短语要倍加重视，要熟记，而且会造句，经常用以进行口、笔头自由的表达。最好选择一种英汉双解词典做自己的良师益友，遇有词汇方面的疑问不等待或仅依靠教师解答，自己查字典求得答案。经常使用字典，会越用越熟练，查找迅速，而且可以学会根据上下文找到恰当的释义。２．学习语法的能力学习语法是为了正确地理解语言和运用语言，不是为语法而学语法，不必细抠语法，钻牛角尖儿。要善于通过语篇分析和语言实践发现新的语法结构，能在教师的点拨下归纳出语法规则。用不同颜色的笔标注出典型的语法例句及其中典型的部分。例如，They found two people killed inthe fire.（过去分词用作宾语补足语），背记一些有代表性的例句，如定语从句This is the room in which we lived l ast year等。认真完成语法作业，对自己练习中的错误要弄清原因，然后订正，决不囫囵吞枣，不明不白地放过错误。每学期期中和期末要复习前一阶段所学语法，学习课本中的语法小结。自备一本为中学生编辑的实用英语语法工具书，经常翻阅。在口、笔头实践中有意识地运用所学的语法知识。

３．听英语重视听力训练，懂得听是吸收语言和信息的重要手段之一。课上专心听教师讲英语，认真做听力训练练习；课下利用一切条件听英美人士的录音、听广播、看电视英语节目、听英文报告等。所选的听力材料不必过难，听时要弄清目的，克服心理障碍，情绪放松，精神集中，不要求字字句句都听懂，而是善于捕捉主要的信息，抓住大意即可。遇有机会，主动接触外国人或讲英语的人，大胆与他们交谈，多听他们的讲话，听懂了就会感到有信心，兴趣倍增。

４．读英语懂得读是吸收语言和信息的最重要手段，爱读书。善于选择适合自己水平的读物，随身携带，分秒必争地读。每本书的篇幅不必太长，可以迅速读完，使自己经常有成功感，保持阅读的兴趣。精、泛读结合，快速扫视，用眼不用口，动脑思索，猜测词义，必要时使用字典，摘记警句和重要词语，便于记忆，甚至用于口、笔语表达。读到一本好书，可以废寝忘食，好似“入了境”，这时脑中的英语仿佛多了，也活了，这恐怕就是人们常说的“语感”产生了。高中学生仍以读简易读物为主，以后读原著就自然容易上路。

５．说英语懂得口头上运用英语进行交际是学习的目的，愿意说，也爱说。明白中国人说英语有错误是必然的，不怕犯错，不怕别人笑话。教科书中的对话能够大声地说出来，主动找人对话，即使无人时也能自言自语。课上积极发言，课下创造机会（组织小组、“英语角”）开展口语活动。在交谈时开动脑筋，主动发问，并能随机应变，用简单的语言表达较复杂的意思，设法使交谈持续下去。为使自己说得有信心、有兴趣，在讨论之前可做些准备，从听读的材料中吸取营养，复习必要的词汇，尽可能提高说话的质量。６．写英语懂得笔头上运用英语传递信息进行交际，也是学习的目的，而且写是四项技能中最难的一种，因此要重视写的练习。高中的写与初中的写有明显的区别，初中学生说什么写什么，即写话。而高中学生要琢磨组句成段、连段成文，考虑篇章结构，而且语言从口语逐步转为书面语。因此，需注意语言结构合理、用词恰当、表达通顺、书写工整、拼法正确。在教师指导下，逐步形成良好的写作习惯：首先，经过酝酿和收集资料，确定要写的内容；理清思路，拟定提纲，增强文章的逻辑性；起草；修改润色；定稿并誊清。像这样写出的文章可以达到思路清晰、文字通顺、表达基本正确。高中学生的自学能力不仅表现在以上几个方面，应该相信他们的潜力很大，教师要加以引导，不可包办代替，影响他们发挥自己的能力。要帮助学生制定学习计划，分析自己的优点和弱点，制定学习目标，定期检查自己的进步和问题，采取对策，有效地提高学习效率。

二、思想情感教育

《大纲》在教学目的部分要求：使学生在学习过程中受到思想品德、爱国主义和社会主义等方面的教育，激发学生的学习兴趣。这两点都可纳入思想情感教育的范畴。

道德感是以人对人、人对社会的态度为其内容的。属于道德感的有：爱感、同情、善心、仁爱、忠诚等。热爱祖国、热爱社会主义、热爱人民、热爱真理都是崇高的道德情感。使学生具有这些情感和社会公德、职业道德、家庭美德，正是我国社会主义精神文明建设的基本任务。英语选材范围很广，可以用中外优秀的文化传统、杰出人物的事迹和精神陶冶学生的情操，帮助他们树立正确的人生观、世界观、价值观，使他们自觉地遵循社会道德规范、准则，履行道德义务。要让学生清楚，做新世纪的人必须参与社会生活，每个人要认识自己的社会角色，履行角色义务，这就需要具有强烈的使命感和社会责任感。英语教材中大量的内容是有关社会科学、自然科学、人口、环境、生态、能源、法制、灾害、饥饿、贫困等当代世界热点问题。教师应利用教学内容激发学生改造世界的情感。教材中也有关于人际关系、行为规范方面的内容，可以启迪人生，教育学生对待自己要自爱、自尊，而不自悲；对待他人真诚热情，而不虚伪；对待工作认真负责、勤奋努力，而不轻率。教师的表率作用和师生之间的诚挚关系不仅可以促进教学，而且对学生必然产生潜移默化的影响，有利于他们的成长。

美感表现了对各种生活事实及对艺术的反映的态度。美感表现在对各种事物的评价之中，识别和判断它们是真、善、美、高雅，还是假、恶、丑、庸俗。

理智感表现与反映一个人对认识过程的态度。属于理智感范畴的有：兴趣、求知欲、热情、发现、意志、毅力等。激发学生学习的兴趣既是目的，也是手段。兴趣是一种积极的情绪，能促进语言知识的获得和技能的熟练，而且不断加强学习的动机。

思想情感教育是人生的教育，非一个学科教育所能完成。《大纲》将它做为教学目的的一部分，表明人们对高中英语课在素质教育中的作用有了新的认识。

三、文化素质培养

语言是文化的重要载体，文化是语言形式所负荷的内容，语言与文化密切联系。通过英语教学使学生扩大视野，了解英语国家文化和社会风俗习惯。理解语言必须了解文化，理解文化必须了解语言"。理解和掌握语言的深层基础是文化。高中英语涉及英、美、加、澳等国家英语的变体，涉及各国体态语的异同。要弄清这些就必须研究这些国家的历史和文化背景。语言是文化的一部分，反映一个民族的特征，蕴藏着该民族对人生的看法、生活方式和思维方式。仅仅掌握英语的语音、词汇和语法，对英语国家的文化一点不懂，是不可能获得运用英语进行交际的能力的，在实际交往中还可能产生误解，出现尴尬。

四、智力开发

“发展学生的智力，提高他们的观察、注意、记忆、思维和想象等能力”也是《大纲》规定的一个教学目的。这一目的必然会对英语教学和对学生的素质教育产生积极的影响。

（一）观察语言的功能体现在言语的行为上，学生应善于通过观察使用英语的人的行为模仿习得。榜样所显示的行为的功能性价值高，学生反复观察学习的速度可以加快。学校应尽可能使用录音、录像、投影等电化教学手段，质量高的录像或电视节目可提供最好的榜样。学生在观察中可以不知不觉地学到地道的语言、自然的语调、表情和体态。由于印象深刻，这些听觉和视觉映像容易长时间记忆。教师还可以放手组织学生进行语言的操练和多种形式的练习，就是让学生用自己的行为显示出其观察学习的内容，然后根据信息反馈进行自我矫正的调整，逐步熟练完成言语的行为。在这个过程中，对于观察认真、模仿得好的学生应加以鼓励，使学生自觉地培养观察力。

（二）记忆主要包括识记、保持、再现与回忆。高中学生已学习了１０００多个英语单词和一定量的习惯用语，以及最基本的语法结构，他们的抽象逻辑思维已比较发达，应指导他们运用合理的识记方法。例如，要求学生预习课文和单词，课上教师不必单教单词，进行机械记忆，而应结合课文重点讲解，加强学生的理解记忆。在呈现新语言时，利用学生熟悉的知识，以旧带新，新旧对比，通过比较发展逻辑识记。教学内容要结合学生的生活实际，符合他们生理和心理发展的需要，教师讲课生动活泼，语言风趣幽默，就能引起学生的兴趣，调动起学生的情绪。凡是有趣的内容就能促成积极的智力活动，识记就更有效。为了保持记忆，必须不断复习巩固。每节课以复习开始，以巩固结束；每一课或一单元、每一个学段结束时都要复习。这就是再现和回忆，从记忆中提取过去已产生的心理内容，并转为操作记忆的方法，使该心理内容得以恢复的记忆过程。要引导学生对所学的知识进行分类，例如，把英语词汇按读音、词性、词义（同义、反义、近义）、构词特点分类，会有效地加强记忆。成串地记英语单词效率高，就是这个原理。整个记忆的心理过程就是与遗忘进行斗争的过程。凡是纳入个人活动之中，并对人始终具有意义的内容一般是不会遗忘的。学了语言必须用，越用越熟，记得越牢，久而久之就成为自己语言机制的一部分。

（三）思维是人类认识世界、改造世界的最重要的主观来源。高中学生对客观事物的认识已有了基础，已获得一些英语的知识和能力。在语言实践过程中，过多地依赖直观动作思维和直观形象思维已不适宜，要特别注意发展抽象（理论）思维。教师应帮助学生在初中阶段已形成的对英语认识的基础上进一步学习，启发他们思考，经过归纳推理和演绎推理，形成新的概念。例如，接触和感知课文中出现的－ing形式、过去分词和不定式等非谓语形式，教师应利用初中教学过的有关动词词形变化和句子成分的知识加以引导，逐步归纳，让学生自己分析和实际练习，理解和掌握这些新的语法的用法。学生进行分析、综合、概括，最后由原有的认识（由词承担句子成分），迁移到新的认识（动词非谓语形式可用作主语、宾语、宾补、定语和状语）。在这样的过程中，教师不可一股脑儿地把知识灌给学生，而应诱导学生思考和分析，触类旁通，应鼓励学生自己预先阅读、思考和发现问题。找问题和提出问题常常比随后解决问题要求付出更大的智力劳动，在口语问答和交谈中，提问和开始挑起话题的人要比答话的人更需要独立的思维。在做口、笔头练习题时，教师应先让学生思考怎样解题，然后再给予提示和帮助，这样更有利于启发学生的思维。在现代教育中，尤其要重视发展学生的个性，鼓励学生发现和提出疑问，同时启发学生自己努力解决问题，这是培养学生独立的、创造性思维的重要方法。另外，还要注意在课内或课外造成轻松愉快、平静和谐的环境，这样有利于学生训练思维的灵活性和敏捷性。

（四）想象是人的创造活动的一个必要因素，通过有关的英语课文教学，不仅可以向学生展示这些伟人闪光的思想，启发学生学习他们的创造性思维，还应在运用英语进行口、笔头交际方面，鼓励学生大胆想象。学了一组单词和短语后，可以让学生想象出情境，编一段话，运用这些词语；根据所学内容编成小剧进行表演，要演得惟妙惟肖，没有想象力不行,可以进行命题作文，如“我家乡的未来”等进行练习。