高中英语选修六课文原文

第一篇：高中英语选修六课文原文

高中英语选修6 Unit 1 A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING

Art is influenced by the customs and faith of a people.Styles in Western art have changed many times.As there are so many different styles of Western art, it would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text.Consequently, this text will describe only the most important ones.Starting from the sixth century AD.The Middle Ages(5th to the 15th century AD)During the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was to represent religious themes.A conventional artist of this period was not interested in showing nature and people as they really were.A typical picture at this time was full of religious symbols, which created a feeling of respect and love for God.But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way.The Renaissance(15th to 16th century)During the Renaissance, new ideas and values gradually replaced those held in the Middle Ages.People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude to life.At the same time painters returned to classical Roman and Greek ideas about art.They tried to paint people and nature as they really were.Rich people wanted to possess their own paintings, so they could decorate their superb palaces and great houses.They paid famous artists to paint pictures of themselves, their houses and possessions as well as their activities and achievements.One of the most important discoveries during this period was how to draw things in perspective.This technique was first used by Masaccio in 1428.When people first saw his paintings, they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in a wall at a real scene.If the rules of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures.By coincidence, oil paints were also developed at this time, which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper.Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous.Impressionism(late 19h to early 20th century)In the late 19th century, Europe changed a great deal, from a mostly agricultural society to a mostly industrial one.Many people moved from the countryside to the new cities.There were many new inventions and social changes also led to new painting styles.Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worked in Paris.The Impressionists were the first painters to work outdoors.They were eager to show how light and shadow fell on objects at different times of day.However, because natural light changes so quickly, the Impressionists had to paint quickly.Their paintings were not as detailed as those of earlier painters.At first, many people disliked this style of painting and became very angry about it.They said that the painters were careless and their paintings were ridiculous.Modern Art(29th century to today)At the time they were created, the Impressionist paintings were controversial, but today they are accepted as the beginning of what we call “modern art”.This is because the Impressionists encouraged artists to look at their environment in new ways.There are scores of modern art styles, but without the Impressionists, many of these painting styles might not exist.On the one hand, some modern art is abstract;that is, the painter does not attempt to paint objects as we see them with our eyes, but instead concentrates n certain qualities of the object, using colour, line and shape to represent them.On the other hand, some paintings of modern art are so realistic that they look like photographs.These styles are so different.Who can predict what painting styles there will be in the future?

Unit 3 It is a beautiful day here and I am sitting under the big tree at the end of the garden.I have just returned from a long bike ride to an old castle.It seems amazing that at my age I am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometres in an afternoon.It's my birthday in two weeks' time and I’ll be82years old!I think my long and active life must be due to the healthy life I live.This brings me to the real reason for my letter, my dear grandson.Your mother tells me that you started smoking some time ago and how you are finding it difficult to give it up.Believe me, I know how easy it is to begin smoking and how tough it is to stop.You see, during adolescence I also smoked and became addicted to cigarettes.By the way, did you know that this is because you become addicted in three different ways.First, you can become physically addicted to nicotine, which is one of the hundreds of chemicals in cigarettes.This means that after a while your body becomes accustomed to having nicotine in it.So when the drug leaves our body, you get withdrawal symptoms.I remember feeling bad-tempered and sometimes even in pain.Secondly, you become addicted through habit.As you know, if you do the same thing over and over again, you begin to do it automatically.Lastly, you can become mentally addicted.I believed I was happier and more relaxed after having a cigarette, so I began to that I could only feel good when I smoked.I was addicted in all three ways, so it was very difficult to quit.But I did finally manage.When I was young, I didn't know much about the harmful effects of smoking.I didn't know, for example, that it could do terrible damage to your heart and lungs or that it was more difficult for smoking couples to become pregnant.I certainly didn't know their babies may have a smaller birth weight or even be abnormal in some way.Neither did I know that my cigarette smoke could affect the health of non-smokers.However, what I did know was that my girlfriend thought I smelt terrible.She said my breath and clothes smelt, and that the ends of my fingers were turning yellow.She told me that she wouldn't go out with me again unless I stopped!I also noticed that I became breathless quickly, and that I wasn't enjoying sport as much.When I was taken off the school football team because I was unfit, I knew it was time t quit smoking.I am sending you some advice I found on the Internet It might help you to stop and strengthen your resolve.I do hope so because I want you to live as long and healthy a life as I have.Love from Grandad

Unit 4 THE EARTH IS BECOMIG WARMER-BUT DOES IT MATTER? During the 20th century the temperature of the earth rose about one degree Fahrenheit.That probably does not seem much to you or me, but it is a rapid increase when compared to other natural changes.So how has this come about and does it matter? Earth care's Sophie Armstrong explores these questions.There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer(see Graph 1)and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.All scientists subscribe to the view that the increase in the earth's temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels like coal, natural gas and oil to produce energy.Some byproducts of this process are called “greenhouse” gases, the most important one of which is carbon dioxide.Dr Janice Foster explains: “There is a natural phenomenon that scientists call the ”greenhouse effect“.This is when small amounts of gases in the atmosphere, like carbon dioxide, methane and water vapour, trap heat from the sun and therefore warm the earth.Without the greenhouse effect he earth would be about thirty-three degrees Celsius cooler than it is.So, we need those gases.The problem begins when we add huge quantities of extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up.We know that the levels of carbon dioxide have increased greatly over the last 100 to 150 years.It was a scientist called Charles Keeling, who made accurate measurements of the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from 1957 to 1997.He found that between these years the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere went up from around 315 parts to around 370 parts per million(see Graph 2)All scientists accept this data.They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide.So how high will the temperature increase go? Dr Janice Foster says that over the next 100 years the amount of warming could be as low as 1 to 1.5 degrees Celsius, but it could be as high as 5 degrees.However, the attitude of scientists towards this rise in completely different.On the one hand, Dr Foster thinks that the trend which increases the temperature by 5 degrees would be a catastrophe.She says, ” We can't predict the climate well enough to know what to expect, but it could be very serious.“ Others who agree with her think there may be a rise of several metres in the sea level, or predict severe storms, floods, droughts, famines, the spread of diseases and the disappearance of species.On the other hand, there are those, like George Hambley, who are opposed to this view, believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air.They predict that any warming will be mild with few bad environmental consequences.In fact, Hambley states, ”More carbon dioxide is actually a positive thing.It will make plants grow quicker;crops will produce more;it will encourage a greater range of animals-all of which will make life for human beings better." Greenhouse gases continue to build up in the atmosphere.Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.No one knows the effects of global warming.Does that mean we should do nothing? Or, are the risks too great?

Unit 5

AN EXCITING JOB I have the greatest job in the world.I travel to unusual places and work alongside people from all over the world.Sometimes working outdoors, sometimes in an office, sometimes using scientific equipment and sometimes meeting local people and tourists, I am never bored.Although my job is occasionally dangerous, I don't mind because danger excites me and makes me feel alive.However, the most important thing about my job is that I help protect ordinary people from one of the most powerful forces n earth-the volcano.I was appointed as volcanologist information for a database about Mount Kilauea, which is one of the most active volcanoes in Hawaii.Having collected and evaluated the information, I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast.Our work has saved man lives because people in the path of the lava can be warned to leave their houses.Unfortunately, we cannot move their homes out of the way, and many houses have been covered with lava or burned to the ground.When boiling rock erupts from a volcano and crashes back to earth, it causes less damage than you might imagine.This is because no one lives near the top of Mount Kilauea, where the rocks fall.The lava that flows slowly like a wave down the mountain causes far more damage because it buries everything in its path under the molten rock.However, the eruption itself is really exciting to watch and I shall never forget my first sight of one.It was in the second week after I arrived in Hawaii.Having worked hard all day, I went to bed early.I was fast asleep when suddenly my bed began shaking and I heard a strange sound, like a railway train passing my window.Having experienced quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already, I didn't take much notice.I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day.I ran out of the house into the back garden where I could see Mount Kilauea in the distance.There had been an eruption from the side of the mountain and red hot lava was fountaining hundreds of metres into the air.It was an absolutely fantastic sight.The day after this eruption I was lucky enough to have a much closer look at it.Two other scientists and I were driven up the mountain and dropped as close as possible to the crater that had been formed during the eruption.Having earlier collected special clothes from the observatory, we put them on before we went any closer.All three of us looked like spacemen.We had white protective suits that covered our whole body, helmets, big boots and special gloves.It was not easy to walk in these suits, but we slowly made our way to the edge of the crater and looked down into the red, boiling centre.The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this being my first experience, I stayed at the top and watched them.Today, I am just as enthusiastic about my job as the day I first started.Having studied volcanoes now for many years, I am still amazed their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage.

第二篇：高中英语课文原文

英文的文章是不很难去理解，下面就由小编为大家整理高中英语课文原文，欢迎大家查看!

必修一 Unit

1Anne’s Best Friend Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through? Anne Frank wanted the first kind, so she made her diary her best friend.Anne lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World War Ⅱ.Her family was Jewish so nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered.During that time the only true friend was her diary.She said, ”I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.” Now read how she felt after being in the hiding place since July 1942.Thursday 15th June, 1944 Dear Kitty, I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.That’s changed since I was here.…For example, one evening when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by my self.But as the moon gave far too much light, I didn’t dare open a window.Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open.I didn’t go downstairs until the window bad to be shut.The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power;it was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face… …Sadly …I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows.It’s no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced.Yours, Anne

第一单元 友谊Reading 安妮最好的朋友 你是不是想有一位无话不谈能推心置腹的朋友呢?或者你是不是担心你的朋友会嘲笑你，会不理解你目前的困境呢?安妮·弗兰克想要的是第一种类型的朋友，于是她就把

日记当成她最好的朋友。安妮在第二次世界大战期间住在荷兰的阿姆斯特丹。她一家人都是犹太人，所以他们不得不躲藏起来，否则他们就会被德国纳粹抓去。她和她的家人躲藏两年之后才被发现。在这段时间里，她唯一的忠实朋友就是她的日记。她说，“我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账。我要把这本日记当作我的朋友，我要把我这个朋友称作基蒂”。安妮自从1942年7月起就躲藏在那儿，现在，来看看她的心情吧。亲爱的基蒂： 我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。我记得非常清楚，以前，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花，从未令我心迷神往过。自从我来到这里，这一切都变。比方说，有天晚上天气很暖和，我熬到11点半故意不睡觉，为的是独自好好看看月亮。但是因为月光太亮，我不敢打开窗户。还有一次，就在五个月以前的一个晚上，我碰巧在楼上，窗户是开着的。我一直等到非关窗不可的时候才下楼去。漆黑的夜晚，风吹雨打，雷电交加，我全然被这种力量镇住。这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚 令人伤心的是我只能透过脏兮兮的窗帘观看大自然，窗帘悬挂在沾满灰尘的窗前，但观看这些已经不再是乐趣，因为大自然是你必须亲身体验的。Using Language Reading, listening and writing 亲爱的王小姐： 我同班上的同学有件麻烦事。我跟我们班里的一位男同学一直相处很好，我们常常一起做家庭作业，而且很乐意相互帮助。我们成非常好的朋友。可是，其他同学却开始在背后议论起来，他们说我和这位男同学在谈恋爱，这使我很生气。我不想中断这段友谊，但是我又讨厌人家背后说闲话。我该怎么办呢? Reading and writing 尊敬的编辑： 我是苏州高中的一名

学生。我有一个难题，我不太善于同人们交际。虽然我的确试着去跟班上的同学交谈，但是我还是发现很难跟他们成为好朋友。因此，有时候我感到十分孤独。我确实想改变这种现状，但是我却不知道该怎么办。如果您能给我提些建议，我会非常感激的。

Unit

2the Road to Modern English At the end of the 16th century, about five to seven million people spoke English.Nearly all of them lived in England.Later in the next century, people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world, and because of that, English began to be spoken in many other countries.Today, more people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before.Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English.Look at this example: British Betty: Would you like to see my flat? American Amy: Yes.I’d like to come up to you apartment.So why has English changed over time? Actually all languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other.At fist the English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from the English spoken today.It was base more on German than the English we speak at present.Then gradually between about AD 500 and 1150, English became less like German because those who ruled England spoke first Danish and later French.These new settlers enriched the English language and especially its vocabulary.So by the 1600’s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before.In 1620 some British settlers moved to America.Later in the 18th century some British people were taken to Australia to.English began to be spoken in both countries.Finally by the 19th century the language was settled.At that time two big changes in English spelling happened: first Samuel Johnson wrote his dictionary and later Noah Webster wrote The American Dictionary of the English language.The latter gave a separate identity to American English spelling.English now is also spoken as a foreign or second language in South Asia.For example, India has a very large number of fluent English speakers because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947.During that time English became the language for government and education.English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia and countries in Africa such as South Africa.Today the number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly.In fact, China may have the largest number of English learners.Will Chinese English develop its own identity? Only time will tell.第二单元 世界上的英语 Reading 通向现代英语之路 16世纪末期大约有5百万到7百万人说英语，几乎所有这些人都

生活在英国。后来，在17世纪英国人开始航海征服世界其它地区。于是，许多别的国家开始说英语。如今说英语的人比以往任何时候都多，他们有的是作为第一语言来说，有的是作为第二语言或外语。以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以互相交流。请看以下例子： 英国人贝蒂：“请到我的公寓(flat)里来看看，好吗?” 美国人艾米：“好的。我很乐意到你的公寓(apartment)去。” 那么，英语在一段时间里为什么会起变化呢?事实上，当不同文化互相交流渗透时，所有的语言都会有所发展，有所变化。首先，在公元450年到1150年间，人们所说的英语跟今天所说的英语就很不一样。当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础的，而现代英语不是。然后，渐渐地，大约在公元800年到1150年期间，英语不那么像德语。因为那时的英国的统治者起初讲丹麦语后来讲法语。这些新的定居者大大丰富英语语言，特别是在词汇方面。所以到17世纪，莎士比亚所用的词汇量比以前任何时期都大。在1620年，一些英国人搬迁到美洲定居。后来，到19世纪，有些英国人也被送往澳大利亚，两个国家的人都开始说英语。最后，到20世纪，英语才真正定形。那时，英语在拼写上发生两大变化：首先，塞缪尔·约翰逊编写词典，后来，诺厄·韦伯斯特编纂《美国英语词典》，后者体现美国英语拼写的不同特色。现在，英语在南亚也被当作外语或第二语言来说。比如说，印度拥有众多讲英语很流利的人，这是因为英国于1765年到1947年统治过印度。在那期间，英语成官方语言和教育用语。在新加坡、马来西亚和非洲其它国家，比如南非，人们也说英语。

目前在中国学习英语的人数正在迅速增长。事实上，中国可能拥有世界上最多的英语学习者。中国英语会发展出自己的特色吗?这只能由时间来回答。Using Language 标准英语和方言 什么是标准英语?是在英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、印度、新西兰所说的英语吗?信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语。许多人认为，电视和收音机里所说的就是标准英语，这是因为在早期的电台节目里，人们期望新闻播音员所说的英语是最好的英语。然而，在电视和收音机里，你也会听出人们在说话时的差异。当人们用不同于“标准语言”的词语时，那就叫做方言。美国英语有许多方言，特别是中西部和南部地区的方言，以及黑人和西班牙人的方言。在美国有些地区，即使是相邻城镇的两个人所说的语言都可能稍有不同。美国英语之所以有这么多的方言是因为美国人是来自世界各地的缘故。地理位置对方言的产生也有影响。住在美国东部山区的一些人说着比较古老的英语方言。当美国人从一个地方搬到另一个地方时，他们也就把他们的方言随着带去。因此，美国东南部山区的人同美国西北部的人所说的方言就几乎相同。美国是一个使用多种方言的大国。虽然许多美国人经常搬迁，但是他们仍然能够辨别、理解彼此的方言。

Unit

3Journey Down the Mekong My name is Wang Kun.Ever since middle school, my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great bike trip.Two years ago she bought an expensive mountain bike and then she persuaded me to buy one.Last year, she visited our cousins, Dao Wei and Yu Hang at their college if Kunming.They are Dai and grew up in western Yunnan Province near the Lancang River, the Chinese part of the river that is called the Mekong River in other countries.Wang Wei soon got time interested in cycling too.After graduating from college, we finally got the chance to take a bike trip.I asked my sister, “Where are we going?” It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends.Now she is planning our schedule for the trip.I am fond of my sister but she has one serious shortcoming.She can be really stubborn.Although she didn’t know the best way of getting to places, she insisted that she organize the trip properly.Now I know that the proper way is always her way.I kept asking her, “When are we leaving and when are we coming back?”

I asked her whether she had looked at a map yet.Of course she hadn’t;my sister doesn’t care about details.So I told her that the source of the Mekong is in Qinghai Province.She gave me a determined look--the kind that said she would not change her mind.When I told her that our journey would begin at an altitude of more than 5,000 meters, she seemed to be excited about it.When I told her the air would be hard to breathe and it would be very cold, she said it would be an interesting experience.I know my sister well.Once she has made up her mind, nothing can change it.Finally, I had to give in.Several months before our trip, Wang Wei and I went to the library.We found a large atlas with good maps that showed details of world geography.From the atlas we could see that the Mekong River begins in a glacier to move quickly.It becomes rapids as it passes through deep valleys, traveling across western Yunnan Province.Sometimes the river becomes a water fall and enters wide valleys.We were both surprised to learn that half of the river is in China.After it leaves China and high altitude, the Mekong becomes wide, brown and warm.As it enters Southeast Asia, its pace slows.It makes wide bends or meanders through low valleys to the plains where rice grows.At last, the river delta enters the South China Sea.第三单元

游记Reading 沿湄公河而下的旅程 第一部分梦想与计划 我的名字叫王坤。从高中起，我姐姐王薇和我就一直梦想作一次伟大的自行车

旅行。两年前，她买一辆昂贵的山地自行车，然后还说服我买一辆(山地车)。去年她去看望我们的表兄弟——在昆明读大学的刀卫和宇航。他们是傣族人，在云南省西部靠近澜沧江的地方长大，湄公河在中国境内的这一段叫澜沧江，在其他国家(境内)叫湄公河。很快，王薇使表兄弟也对骑车旅游产生兴趣。大学毕业以后，我们终于有机会骑自行车旅行。我问我姐姐：“我们要去哪儿?”首先想到要沿湄公河从源头到终点骑车旅游的是我的姐姐。现在她正在为我们的旅行制定计划。我很喜欢我姐姐，但是她有一个很严重的缺点。她有时确实很固执。尽管她对去某些地方的最佳路线并不清楚，她却坚持要自己把这次旅游安排得尽善尽美。于是，我就知道这个尽善尽美的方式总是她的方式。

我不停地问她，“我们什么时候出发?什么时候回来?”我还问她是否看过地图。当然她并没有看过——我的姐姐是不会考虑细节的。于是，我告诉她，湄公河的源头在青海省。她给我一个坚定的眼神——这种眼神表明她是不会改变主意的。我说，我们的旅行将从5, 000多米的高地出发，这时她似乎显得很兴奋。当我告诉她那里空气稀薄，呼吸困难，而且天气很冷时，她却说这将是一次有趣的经历。我非常解我的姐姐，她一旦下决心，什么也不能使她改变。最后，我只好让步。在我们旅行前的几个月，王薇和我去图书馆。我们找到一本大型地图册，里面有一些世界地理的明细图。我们从图上可以看到，湄公河发源于西藏一座山上的冰川。起初，江面很小，河水清澈而冷冽，然后它开始快速流动。它穿过深谷时就变成急流，流经云南西部。有时，这条江形成瀑布，进入宽阔的峡谷。我们俩惊奇地发现这条河有一半是在中国境内。当流出中国，流出高地之后，湄公河就变宽，变暖，河水也变成黄褐色。而当它进入东南亚以后，流速减缓，河水蜿蜒缓慢地穿过低谷，流向生长稻谷的平原。最后，湄公河三角洲的各支流流入中国南海。Using Language 夜晚的西藏山景 第二部分山中一宿 虽然是秋天，但是西藏已经开始下雪。我们的腿又沉又冷，感觉就像大冰块。你看到过雪人骑自行车吗?我们看上去就像那样。一路上，一些身着羊毛大衣的孩子们停下来看着我们。下午晚些时候，我们发现由于天冷我们的水壶都冻上。然而，湖水在落日的余晖下闪亮如镜，景色迷人。像往常一样，王薇在我的前面，她很可靠，我知道我用不着给她鼓劲儿。上山很艰难，但是当我们环顾四周，(眼前的)景色让我们感到惊奇，我们似乎能看到几百里以外的地方。在某个时刻，我们发现自己置身高处，彷佛骑车穿越云层。然后我们开始下山，这非常有趣，特别是天气逐渐变得暖和多。在山谷里，五彩斑斓的蝴蝶翩翩飞舞在我们身旁，我们还看到牦牛和羊群在吃草。这时，我们不得不把帽子、外衣、手套和长裤脱掉，换成T恤衫和短裤。一到傍晚，我们通常就停下来宿营，(于是)，我们先把帐篷支起来，然后吃饭。晚饭后，王薇把头放在枕头上就睡觉，而我却醒着。半夜里，天空变得清朗，星星更亮。(夜晚)非常安静——几乎没有风，只有篝火的火焰和我们做伴。当我躺在星空下，我想着我们已经走多远。我们很快就要到达云南的大理。在那里，我们的表兄弟刀卫和宇航将加入我们的行列。我们迫不及待地想要见到他们!

第三篇：(高中英语)课文原文及其译文

必修一Unit1 Anne‘s Best Friend

Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to,like your deepest feelings and thoughts?Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you,or would not understand what you are going through?Anne Frank wanted the first kind,so she made her diary her best friend.Anne lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World WarⅡ.Her family was Jewish so nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered.During that time the only true friend was her diary.She said,‖I don‘t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do,but I want this diary itself to be my friend,and I shall call my friend Kitty.‖Now read how she felt after being in the hiding place since July 1942.Thursday 15th June,1944 Dear Kitty, I wonder if it‘s because I haven‘t been able to be outdoors for so long that I‘ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky,the song of the birds,moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.That‘s changed since I was here.…For example,one evening when it was so warm,I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by my self.But as the moon gave far too much light,I didn‘t dare open a window.Another time five months ago,I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open.I didn‘t go downstairs until the window bad to be shut.The dark,rainy evening,the wind,the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power;it was the first time in a year and a half that I‘d seen the night face to face…

…Sadly…I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows.It‘s no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced.Yours, Anne 第一单元友谊Reading安妮最好的朋友

你是不是想有一位无话不谈能推心置腹的朋友呢？或者你是不是担心你的朋友会嘲笑你，会不理解你目前的困境呢？安妮·弗兰克想要的是第一种类型的朋友，于是她就把日记当成了她最好的朋友。安妮在第二次世界大战期间住在荷兰的阿姆斯特丹。她一家人都是犹太人，所以他们不得不躲藏起来，否则他们就会被德国纳粹抓去。她和她的家人躲藏了两年之后才被发现。在这段时间里，她唯一的忠实朋友就是她的日记了。她说，“我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账。我要把这本日记当作我的朋友，我要把我这个朋友称作基蒂”。安妮自从1942年7月起就躲藏在那儿了，现在，来看看她的心情吧。亲爱的基蒂：

我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。我记得非常清楚，以前，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花，从未令我心迷神往过。自从我来到这里，这一切都变了。

„„比方说，有天晚上天气很暖和，我熬到11点半故意不睡觉，为的是独自好好看看月亮。但是因为月光太亮了，我不敢打开窗户。还有一次，就在五个月以前的一个晚上，我碰巧在楼上，窗户是开着的。我一直等到非关窗不可的时候才下楼去。漆黑的夜晚，风吹雨打，雷电交加，我全然被这种力量镇住了。这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚„„

„„令人伤心的是„„我只能透过脏兮兮的窗帘观看大自然，窗帘悬挂在沾满灰尘的窗前，但观看这些已经不再是乐趣，因为大自然是你必须亲身体验的。Using Language Reading,listening and writing 亲爱的王小姐：

我同班上的同学有件麻烦事。我跟我们班里的一位男同学一直相处很好，我们常常一起做家庭作业，而且很乐意相互帮助。我们成了非常好的朋友。可是，其他同学却开始在背后议论起来，他们说我和 这位男同学在谈恋爱，这使我很生气。我不想中断这段友谊，但是我又讨厌人家背后说闲话。我该怎么办呢？

Reading and writing 尊敬的编辑：

我是苏州高中的一名学生。我有一个难题，我不太善于同人们交际。虽然我的确试着去跟班上的同学交谈，但是我还是发现很难跟他们成为好朋友。因此，有时候我感到十分孤独。我确实想改变这种现状，但是我却不知道该怎么办。如果您能给我提些建议，我会非常感激的。Unit2 the Road to Modern English At the end of the 16th century,about five to seven million people spoke English.Nearly all of them lived in England.Later in the next century,people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world,and because of that,English began to be spoken in many other countries.Today,more people speak English as their first,second or a foreign language than ever before.Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don‘t speak the same kind of English.Look at this example: British Betty:Would you like to see my flat? American Amy:Yes.I‘d like to come up to you apartment.So why has English changed over time?Actually all languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other.At fist the English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from the English spoken today.It was base more on German than the English we speak at present.Then gradually between about AD 500 and 1150,English became less like German because those who ruled England spoke first Danish and later French.These new settlers enriched the English language and especially its vocabulary.So by the 1600‘s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before.In 1620 some British settlers moved to America.Later in the 18th century some British people were taken to Australia to.English began to be spoken in both countries.Finally by the 19th century the language was settled.At that time two big changes in English spelling happened:first Samuel Johnson wrote his dictionary and later Noah Webster wrote The American Dictionary of the English language.The latter gave a separate identity to American English spelling.English now is also spoken as a foreign or second language in South Asia.For example,India has a very large number of fluent English speakers because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947.During that time English became the language for government and education.English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia and countries in Africa such as South Africa.Today the number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly.In fact,China may have the largest number of English learners.Will Chinese English develop its own identity?Only time will tell.第二单元世界上的英语 Reading 通向现代英语之路

16世纪末期大约有5百万到7百万人说英语，几乎所有这些人都生活在英国。后来，在17世纪英国人开始航海征服了世界其它地区。于是，许多别的国家开始说英语了。如今说英语的人比以往任何时候都多，他们有的是作为第一语言来说，有的是作为第二语言或外语。

以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以互相交流。请看以下例子： 英国人贝蒂：“请到我的公寓（flat）里来看看，好吗？” 美国人艾米：“好的。我很乐意到你的公寓（apartment）去。”

那么，英语在一段时间里为什么会起变化呢？事实上，当不同文化互相交流渗透时，所有的语言都会有所发展，有所变化。首先，在公元450年到1150年间，人们所说的英语跟今天所说的英语就很不一样。当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础的，而现代英语不是。然后，渐渐地，大约在公元800年到1150年期间，英语不那么像德语了。因为那时的英国的统治者起初讲丹麦语后来讲法语。这些新的定 居者大大丰富了英语语言，特别是在词汇方面。所以到17世纪，莎士比亚所用的词汇量比以前任何时期都大。在1620年，一些英国人搬迁到美洲定居。后来，到了19世纪，有些英国人也被送往澳大利亚，两个国家的人都开始说英语了。

最后，到20世纪，英语才真正定形。那时，英语在拼写上发生了两大变化：首先，塞缪尔·约翰逊编写了词典，后来，诺厄·韦伯斯特编纂了《美国英语词典》，后者体现了美国英语拼写的不同特色。现在，英语在南亚也被当作外语或第二语言来说。比如说，印度拥有众多讲英语很流利的人，这是因为英国于1765年到1947年统治过印度。在那期间，英语成了官方语言和教育用语。在新加坡、马来西亚和非洲其它国家，比如南非，人们也说英语。目前在中国学习英语的人数正在迅速增长。事实上，中国可能拥有世界上最多的英语学习者。中国英语会发展出自己的特色吗？这只能由时间来回答了。Using Language 标准英语和方言

什么是标准英语？是在英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、印度、新西兰所说的英语吗？信不信由你，（世界上）没有什么标准英语。许多人认为，电视和收音机里所说的就是标准英语，这是因为在早期的电台节目里，人们期望新闻播音员所说的英语是最好的英语。然而，在电视和收音机里，你也会听出人们在说话时的差异。

当人们用不同于“标准语言”的词语时，那就叫做方言。美国英语有许多方言，特别是中西部和南部地区的方言，以及黑人和西班牙人的方言。在美国有些地区，即使是相邻城镇的两个人所说的语言都可能稍有不同。美国英语之所以有这么多的方言是因为美国人是来自世界各地的缘故。

地理位置对方言的产生也有影响。住在美国东部山区的一些人说着比较古老的英语方言。当美国人从一个地方搬到另一个地方时，他们也就把他们的方言随着带去了。因此，美国东南部山区的人同美国西北部的人所说的方言就几乎相同。美国是一个使用多种方言的大国。虽然许多美国人经常搬迁，但是他们仍然能够辨别、理解彼此的方言。

Unit3 Journey Down the Mekong My name is Wang Kun.Ever since middle school,my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great bike trip.Two years ago she bought an expensive mountain bike and then she persuaded me to buy one.Last year,she visited our cousins,Dao Wei and Yu Hang at their college if Kunming.They are Dai and grew up in western Yunnan Province near the Lancang River,the Chinese part of the river that is called the Mekong River in other countries.Wang Wei soon got time interested in cycling too.After graduating from college,we finally got the chance to take a bike trip.I asked my sister,―Where are we going?‖It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends.Now she is planning our schedule for the trip.I am fond of my sister but she has one serious shortcoming.She can be really stubborn.Although she didn‘t know the best way of getting to places,she insisted that she organize the trip properly.Now I know that the proper way is always her way.I kept asking her,―When are we leaving and when are we coming back?‖I asked her whether she had looked at a map yet.Of course she hadn‘t;my sister doesn‘t care about details.So I told her that the source of the Mekong is in Qinghai Province.She gave me a determined look--the kind that said she would not change her mind.When I told her that our journey would begin at an altitude of more than 5,000 meters,she seemed to be excited about it.When I told her the air would be hard to breathe and it would be very cold,she said it would be an interesting experience.I know my sister well.Once she has made up her mind,nothing can change it.Finally,I had to give in.Several months before our trip,Wang Wei and I went to the library.We found a large atlas with good maps that showed details of world geography.From the atlas we could see that the Mekong River begins in a glacier to move quickly.It becomes rapids as it passes through deep valleys,traveling across western Yunnan Province.Sometimes the river becomes a water fall and enters wide valleys.We were both surprised to learn that half of the river is in China.After it leaves China and high altitude,the Mekong becomes wide,brown and warm.As it enters Southeast Asia,its pace slows.It makes wide bends or meanders through low valleys to the plains where rice grows.At last,the river delta enters the South China Sea.第三单元游记Reading沿湄公河而下的旅程 第一部分梦想与计划

我的名字叫王坤。从高中起，我姐姐王薇和我就一直梦想作一次伟大的自行车旅行。两年前，她买了一辆昂贵的山地自行车，然后还说服我买了一辆（山地车）。去年她去看望了我们的表兄弟——在昆明读大学的刀卫和宇航。他们是傣族人，在云南省西部靠近澜沧江的地方长大，湄公河在中国境内的这一段叫澜沧江，在其他国家（境内）叫湄公河。很快，王薇使表兄弟也对骑车旅游产生了兴趣。大学毕业以后，我们终于有了机会骑自行车旅行。我问我姐姐：“我们要去哪儿？”首先想到要沿湄公河从源头到终点骑车旅游的是我的姐姐。现在她正在为我们的旅行制定计划。

我很喜欢我姐姐，但是她有一个很严重的缺点。她有时确实很固执。尽管她对去某些地方的最佳路线并不清楚，她却坚持要自己把这次旅游安排得尽善尽美。于是，我就知道这个尽善尽美的方式总是她的方式。我不停地问她，“我们什么时候出发？什么时候回来？”我还问她是否看过地图。当然她并没有看过——我的姐姐是不会考虑细节的。于是，我告诉她，湄公河的源头在青海省。她给了我一个坚定的眼神——这种眼神表明她是不会改变主意的。我说，我们的旅行将从5,000多米的高地出发，这时她似乎显得很兴奋。当我告诉她那里空气稀薄，呼吸困难，而且天气很冷时，她却说这将是一次有趣的经历。我非常了解我的姐姐，她一旦下了决心，什么也不能使她改变。最后，我只好让步了。在我们旅行前的几个月，王薇和我去了图书馆。我们找到一本大型地图册，里面有一些世界地理的明细图。我们从图上可以看到，湄公河发源于西藏一座山上的冰川。起初，江面很小，河水清澈而冷冽，然后它开始快速流动。它穿过深谷时就变成了急流，流经云南西部。有时，这条江形成瀑布，进入宽阔的峡谷。我们俩惊奇地发现这条河有一半是在中国境内。当流出中国，流出高地之后，湄公河就变宽了，变暖了，河水也变成了黄褐色。而当它进入东南亚以后，流速减缓，河水蜿蜒缓慢地穿过低谷，流向生长稻谷的平原。最后，湄公河三角洲的各支流流入中国南海。Using Language 夜晚的西藏山景 第二部分山中一宿

虽然是秋天，但是西藏已经开始下雪了。我们的腿又沉又冷，感觉就像大冰块。你看到过雪人骑自行车吗？我们看上去就像那样。一路上，一些身着羊毛大衣的孩子们停下来看着我们。下午晚些时候，我们发现由于天冷我们的水壶都冻上了。然而，湖水在落日的余晖下闪亮如镜，景色迷人。像往常一样，王薇在我的前面，她很可靠，我知道我用不着给她鼓劲儿。上山很艰难，但是当我们环顾四周，（眼前的）景色让我们感到惊奇，我们似乎能看到几百里以外的地方。在某个时刻，我们发现自己置身高处，彷佛骑车穿越云层。然后我们开始下山，这非常有趣，特别是天气逐渐变得暖和多了。在山谷里，五彩斑斓的蝴蝶翩翩飞舞在我们身旁，我们还看到牦牛和羊群在吃草。这时，我们不得不把帽子、外衣、手套和长裤脱掉，换成T恤衫和短裤。一到傍晚，我们通常就停下来宿营，（于是），我们先把帐篷支起来，然后吃饭。晚饭后，王薇把头放在枕头上就睡觉了，而我却醒着。半夜里，天空变得清朗了，星星更亮了。（夜晚）非常安静——几乎没有风，只有篝火的火焰和我们做伴。当我躺在星空下，我想着我们已经走了多远。

我们很快就要到达云南的大理。在那里，我们的表兄弟刀卫和宇航将加入我们的行列。我们迫不及待地想要见到他们！Unit4 A Night the Earth didn‘t Sleep

Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeast Hebei.For three days the water in the village wells rose and fell,rose and fell.Farmers noticed that the well walls had deep cracks in them.A smelly gas came out of the cracks.In the farmyards,the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.Fish jumped out of their bowls and ponds.At about 3:00 am on July 28,1976,some people saw bright lights in the sky.The sound of planes could be heard outside the city of Tangshan even when no planes were in the sky.In the city,the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.But the one million people of the city,who thought little of these events,were asleep as usual the night.At 3:42 am everything began to shake.It seemed as if the world was at an end!Eleven kilometers directly below the city the greatest earthquake of the 20th century had begun.It was felt in Beijing,which is more than two hundred kilometers away.One-third of the nation felt it.A huge crack that was eight kilometers long and thirty meters wide cut across houses,roads and canals.Steam burst from holes in the ground.Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt.In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.The suffering of the people was extreme.Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.Thousands of families were killed of injured reached more than 400,000.But how could the survivors believe it was natural?Everywhere they looked nearly every thing was destroyed.All of the city‘s hospitals,75%of its factories and buildings and 90%of its homes were gone.Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves.No wind,however,could blow them away.Two dams fell and most of the bridges also fell or were not safe for traveling.The railway tracks were now useless pieces of steel.Tens of thousands of cows would never give milk again.Half a million pigs and millions of chickens were dead.Sand now filled the wells instead of water.People were shocked.Then,later that afternoon,another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins.More buildings fell down.Water,food,and electricity were hard to get.People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.All hope was not lost.Soon after the quakes,the army sent 150,000 soldiers of thousands of people were helped.The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.To the north of the city,most of the 10,000 miners were rescued from the coal mines there.Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.Fresh water was taken to the city by train,truck and plane.Slowly,the city began to breathe again.第四单元地震 Reading 地球的一个不眠之夜

河北省东北部的农村不断有些怪事发生：三天来，村子里的井水升升降降，起起伏伏。农夫注意到，水井的井壁上有深深的裂缝，裂缝里冒出臭气。农家大院里的鸡,甚至猪都紧张得不想吃食。老鼠从田地里跑出来找地方藏身。鱼缸和池塘里的鱼会往外跳。在1976年7月28日凌晨3点左右，有些人看到天上一道道明亮的光。即使天空没有飞机，在唐山城外也可以听到飞机声。在市内，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂开来。但是，唐山市的一百万居民几乎都没有把这些情况当一回事，当天晚上照常睡着了。

在凌晨3点42分，一切都开始摇晃起来。世界似乎到了末日！二十世纪最大的一次地震就在唐山市正下方11公里处发生了。100公里以外的北京市都感到了地震，全国1/3的地方都有震感。一条8公里长30米宽的巨大裂缝横穿房舍、马路和渠道。地上一些洞穴冒出了蒸气。石头山变成了泥沙河，在可怕的15秒钟内，一座大城市就沉沦在一片废墟之中。人们遭受的灾难极为深重。2/3的人在地震中死去或受伤。成千上万个家庭遇难，许多孩子变成了孤儿。死伤的人数达到40多万。

幸存的人们又怎么能相信这是自然现象呢？人们无论朝哪里看，哪里的一切都几乎被毁了。所有的市内医院、75%的工厂和建筑物、90%的家园都消失了。残砖就像秋天的红叶覆盖着大地，然而它们是不可能被风刮走的。两座大坝垮了，多数桥梁不是塌了就是无法安全通行了。铁轨如今成了一条条废钢。好几万头牛再也挤不出奶来。50万头猪和几百万只鸡全都死了。井里满是沙子，而不是水。人们惊呆了。接着，在下午晚些时候，又一次和第一次一样的强烈的地震震撼着唐山。有些医生和救援人员被困在废墟下面。更多的房屋倒塌了。水、电和食物都很难弄到。人们开始纳闷，这场灾难还会持续多久。

不是所有的希望都破灭了。地震后不久，部队派了15万名战士到唐山来协助救援人员，数十万的人 得到了救助。部队人员组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋。在唐山市的北边，有一个万名矿工的煤矿，其中多数人得救了。援救人员为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所，用火车、卡车和飞机向市内运来了水。慢慢地、慢慢地，这座城市又开始出现了生机。Reading and speaking 唐山市政府办公室

亲爱的______________：

恭喜你！我们很高兴地告诉你，你在以新唐山为主题的中学演讲比赛中获得第一名。评委会的五位评委听了你的演讲，他们都认为你的演讲是今年最好的。你的父母亲和你的学校会为你而骄傲！

下个月我们市将开放一个新公园，以纪念在那次可怕的灾难中死去的人们，并向那些曾经为幸存者提供过帮助的人们致敬。我们办公室想请你在7月28日上午11点给来公园的参观者进行演讲。你知道，三十（）年前的这一天正是唐山发生地震的日子。

在这个特殊的日子里，我们邀请你把家人和朋友一起带来。诚挚的 张沙 Unit5 Elias‘Story

My name is Elias.I am a poor black worker in South Africa.The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.I was twelve years old.It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.He offered guidance to poor black people on their legal problems.He was generous with his time,for which I was grateful.I needed his help because I had very little education.I began school at six.The school where I studied for only two years was three kilometers away.I had to leave because my family could not continue to pay the school fees and the bus fare.I could not read or write well.After trying hard,I got a job in a gold mine.However,this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.Sadly I did not have it because I was not born there,and I worried about whether I would become out of work.The day when Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest.He told me how to get the correct papers so I could stay in Johannesburg.I became more hopeful about my future.I never forgot how kind Mandela was.When he organized the ANC Youth League,I joined it as soon as I could.He said: ―The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping out rights and progress,until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.‖

It was the truth.Black people could not vote or choose their leaders.They could not get the jobs they wanted.The parts of town in which they had to live were decided by white people.The places outside the towns where they were sent to live were the poorest parts of South Africa.No one could grow food there.In fact as Nelson Mandela said: ―…we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important or fight the government.We chose to attack the laws.We first broke the law in a way which was peaceful;when this was not allowed…only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.‖

As a matter of fact,I do not like violence…but in 1963 I helped him blow up some government buildings.It was very dangerous because if I was caught I could be put in prison.But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.第五单元纳尔逊·曼德拉 ——一位当代英雄 Reading 伊莱亚斯的故事

我的名字叫伊莱亚斯。我是南非的一个穷苦的黑人工人。第一次见到纳尔逊·曼德拉的时候，是我一生中非常艰难的时期。（当时）我才12岁，那是在1952年，曼德拉是我寻求帮助的一位黑人律师。他为那些穷苦黑人提供法律指导。他十分慷慨地给予我时间，我为此非常感激。

由于我所受的教育很少，所以我需要他的帮助。我六岁开始上学，我仅仅在那里读了两年的学校有三公里远。我不得不辍学，因为我的家庭无法继续支付学费和交通费。我既不太会读，也不怎么会写。几经周折，我才在一家金矿找到一份工作。然而在那个时候，你要想住在约翰内斯堡就非得要有身份证不可。糟糕的是我没有这个证件，因为我不是在那里出生的，我很担心我是不是会失业。

纳尔逊·曼德拉给予我帮助的那一天是我一生中最高兴的日子。他告诉我要想在约翰内斯堡立住脚，应当如何获取所需证件。我对自己的未来又充满了希望。我永远也忘记不了他对我的恩情，当他组织了非国大青年联盟时，我马上就参加了这个组织。他说：“过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。”

他说的是真话。当时黑人没有选举权，他们无权选择他们的领导人。他们不能做自己想要做的工作。他们所能住的城区都是由白人决定的。他们被打发去住的城外地区是南非最贫穷的地区。在那儿，没有人能够种庄稼。事实上，就像拉尔逊·曼德拉所说的：

“„„我们被置于这样一个境地：要么我们被迫接受低人一等的现实，要么跟政府作斗争。我们选择向法律进攻。首先我们用和平的方式来破坏法律，而当这种方式也得不到允许时，„„只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。”

事实上，我并不喜欢暴力，„„但是在1963年的时候，我帮助他炸毁了一些政府大楼。那是很危险的事情，因为如果我被抓住了，可能就会被关进监狱。但是，我乐于帮忙，因为我知道，这是为了实现我们的黑人和白人平等的梦想。

1.必修二Unit1 IN SEARCH OF THE AMBER ROOM寻找琥珀屋

Frederick William Ⅰ，the King of Prussia , could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history.普鲁士国王腓特烈·威廉一世绝不可能想到他送给俄罗斯人民的厚礼会有这样一段令人惊讶的历史。This gift was the Amber Room , which was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it.这件礼物就是琥珀屋，它之所以有这个名字，是因为造这间房子用了好几吨的琥珀。The amber which was selected had a beautiful yellow-brown colour like honey.选出来的琥珀色彩艳丽，呈现蜂蜜一样的黄褐色。The design of the room was in the fancy style popular in those days.琥珀屋的设计采用了当时流行的别致的建筑式样。It was also a treasure decorated with gold and jewels , which took the country's best artists about ten years to make.它也是用金银珠宝装饰起来的珍品。一批国家最优秀的艺术家用了大约十年的时间才把它完成。

In fact , the room was not made to be a gift.事实上，这个琥珀屋并不是作为礼物来建造的。It was designed for the palace of Frederick Ⅰ.它是为腓特烈一世的宫殿设计（制作）的。However, the next King of Prussia , Frederick William Ⅰ, to whom the amber room belonged, decided not to keep it.然而，下一位普鲁士国王，腓特烈·威廉一世，这个琥珀屋的主人却决定不要它了。In 1716 he gave it to Peter the Great.在1716年，他把琥珀屋送给了彼得大帝。In return , the Czar sent him a troop of his best soldiers.作为回赠，沙皇则送给他一队自己最好的士兵。So the Amber Room became part of the Czar's winter palace in St Petersburg.这样，琥珀屋就成了沙皇在圣彼得堡冬宫的一部分。About four metres long, the room served as a small reception hall for important visitors.这间琥珀屋长约四米，被用作招待重要来宾的小型会客室。

Later, Catherine Ⅱ had the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers.后来，叶卡捷琳娜二世派人把琥珀屋搬到圣彼得堡郊外她避暑的宫殿中。She told her artists to add more details to it.她叫她的工匠在原来设计的基础上增添了更多精细的装饰。In 1770 the room was completed the way she wanted.1770年，这间琥珀屋按照她的要求完成了。Almost six hundred candles lit the room ,and its mirrors and pictures shone like gold.将近600支蜡烛照亮了这个房间，里面的镜子和图画就像金子一样闪闪发光。Sadly , although the Amber Room was considered one of the wonders of the world , it is now missing.可悲的是，尽管琥珀屋被认为是世界上的一大奇迹之一，可是现在它却消失了。

In September 1941, the Nazi army was near St Petersburg.1941年9月，纳粹德国的军队逼近圣 彼得堡。This was a time when the two countries were at war.这是在两国交战的时期。Before the Nazis could get to the summer palace , the Russians were able to remove some furniture and small art objects from the Amber Room.在纳粹分子到达夏宫之前，俄罗斯人只能把琥珀屋里的一些家具和小件艺术饰品搬走。However , some of the Nazis secretly stole the room itself.可是琥珀屋本身却被一些纳粹分子偷偷地运走了。In less than two days 100,000 pieces were put inside twenty-seven wooden boxes.在不到两天的时间里，10万个部件装进了27个木箱。There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for Konigsberg, which was at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea.毫无疑问，这些箱子后来被装上火车运往哥尼斯堡，它是当时德国在波罗的海边的一个城市。After that, what happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery.从那以后，琥珀屋的去处便成了一个谜。

Recently, the Russians and Germans have built a new Amber Room at the summer palace.By studying old photos of the former Amber Room , they have made the new one look like the old one.近来，俄罗斯人和德国人已经在夏宫建起了一个新的琥珀屋，通过研究琥珀屋原来的照片，他们建造的新琥珀屋样子和旧的看起来非常像。In 2003 it was ready for the people of St Petersburg when they celebrated the 300th birthday of their city.2003年，圣彼得堡人民就用它来庆祝该市建成300周年。

2.必修二Unit 1 A FACT OR AN OPINION? 事实还是看法？

What is a fact? Is it something that people believe? 什么是事实呢？是不是人们所相信的就是事实呢？ No.A fact is anything that can be proved.不是。事实是可以证实的信息。For example, it can be proved that China has more people than any other country in the world.This is a fact.举例来说，中国人口比世界上任何其他国家的人口都多，这是可以得到证实的，这就是事实。

Then what is an opinion? 那么，什么是看法呢？An opinion is what someone believes is true but has not been proved.看法是人们相信是真实的但是未经证实。So an opinion is not good evidence in a trial.因此在审判中，看法不是强有力的证据。For example, it is an opinion if you say ―Cats are better pets than dogs‖.举例来说，如果你说：―猫作为宠物比狗好。‖ It may be true, but it is difficult to prove.这就是看法，这个看法可能是正确的，但是它难以被证实。Some people may not agree with this opinion but they also cannot prove that they are right.有些人可能不同意这种看法，但是他们也不能证明他们是正确的。

In a trial, a judge must decide which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe.在审判中，法官必须断定哪些证人可以相信，哪些证人不能相信。The judge does not consider what each eyewitness looks like or where that person lives or works.法官并不考虑证人的长相如何，也不考虑这个人住在哪里，在哪儿工作。He/she only cares about whether the eyewitness has given true information, which must be facts rather than opinions.他（她）关心的只是目击者是否提供了真实的信息，这些信息必须是事实而不是个人观点或看法。This kind of information is called evidence.这种信息就叫做证据。

3.必修二Unit 2 AN INTERVIEW采访

Pausanias, who was a Greek writer about 2,000 years ago, has come on a magical journey on March 18th 2007 to find out about the present-day Olympic Games.帕萨尼亚斯是大约2000年前的一位希腊作家，他于2007年3月18日作了一次魔幻旅行，来打听当代奥林匹克运动会的情况。He is now interviewing Li Yan, a volunteer for the 2008 Olympic Games.现在他正在采访一位2008年奥林匹克运动会的志愿者李燕。

P: My name is Pausanias.I lived in what you call ―Ancient Greece‖ and I used to write about the Olympic Games a long time ago.I‘ve come to your time to find out about the present-day Olympic Games because I know that in 2004 they were held in my homeland.May I ask you some questions about the modern Olympics? 帕：我叫帕萨尼亚斯。我生活在你们所说的―古希腊‖。我曾经写过很久以前奥林匹克运动会的情况。现在我来到你们这个时代，想了解有关当代奥运会的情况，因为我知道2004年奥运会是在我的祖国举行的。我可以问你几个有关现代奥林匹克运动会的问题吗？

L: Good heavens!Have you really come from so long ago? But of course you can ask any questions you like.What would you like to know? 李：天哪！你真的来自那么久远的年代？当然你可以问你想问的问题。你想知道什么呢？ P: How often do you hold your Games? 帕：你们的奥运会多久举行一次？

L: Every four years.There are two main sets of Games-the Winter and Summer Olympics, and both are held every four years on a regular basis.The Winter Olympics are usually held two years before the Summer Games.Only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will be admitted as competitors.They may come from anywhere in the world.李：每四年一次。运动会有两种：夏季奥运会和冬季奥运会。这两种运动会都是四年举行一次。冬季奥运会总是在夏季奥运会的前两年举行。只有达到他们各自项目统一标准的运动员才会被接受参加奥运会。选手可以来自全世界任何一个地方。

P: Winter Games? How can the runners enjoy competing in winter? And what about the horses? 帕：冬季奥运会？冬天运动员怎么可能赛跑啊？又怎么可能赛马呢？

L: Oh no!There are no running races or horse riding events.Instead there are competitions like skiing and ice skating which need snow and ice.That‘s why they‘re called the Winter Olympics.It‘s in the Summer Olympics that you have the running races, together with swimming, sailing and all the team sports.李：噢，不！冬奥会并不包括跑步和骑马比赛，但是却有像滑冰和滑雪这类需要冰雪的比赛项目，所以才叫它冬季奥运会。跑步、游泳、划船和一些团队项目是在夏季运动会上进行。P: I see.Earlier you said that athletes are invited from all over the world.Do you mean the Greek world? Our Greek cities used to compete against each other just for the honour of winning.No other countries could join in, nor could slaves or women!帕：我明白了。你原来说邀请来的运动员来自世界各地。你指的是希腊世界？我们希腊各个城市之间曾经为了赢得荣誉而彼此竞争。别的国家不能参加，奴隶和妇女也不能参加。L: Nowadays any country can take part if their athletes are good enough.There are over 250 sports and each on has its own standard.Women are not only allowed, but play a very important role in gymnastics, athletics, team sports and …

李：现在只要他们的运动员达到了参赛的标准，任何国家都能参赛。总共有250多个运动项目，每个项目都有自己的标准。妇女不仅允许参加，而且她们还在体操、竞技和团队等比赛项目中起着非常重要的作用……

P: Please wait a minute!All those events, all those countries and even women taking part!Where are all the athletes housed? 帕：请等一下！所有这么多项目，所有这么多国家，甚至妇女也都参加！所有这些参赛的人住在哪里呢？

L: For each Olympics, a special village is built for them to live in, a main reception building, several stadiums for competitions, and a gymnasium as well.李：每届奥运会都有一个特殊的村庄（奥运村）供参赛的人住，一个主要的接待大楼，好几个供比赛用的体育场，还有一个室内体育馆。

P: That sounds very expensive.Does anyone want to host the Olympic Games? 帕：那听起来要花很多钱吧。会有人想承办奥运会吗？

L: As a matter of fact, every country wants the opportunity.It‘s a great responsibility but also a great honour to be chosen.There‘s as much competition among countries to host the Olympics as to win Olympic medals.The 2008 Olympics will be held in Beijing, China.Did you know that? 李：事实上，每个国家都想抓住这个机会。被选中不仅要承担巨大的责任同时也享有极大的荣誉。国与国之间争取奥运会承办权的竞争就跟争夺奥运奖牌一样的激烈。2008年的奥运会 将在中国举行，你知道吗？ P: Oh yes!You must be very proud.帕：是的，听说过，你一定很自豪。

L: Certainly.And after that the 2012 Olympics will be held in London.They have already started planning for it.A new village for the athletes and all the stadiums will be built to the east of London.New medals will be designed of course and …

李：当然。那么2012年的奥运会将在伦敦举行。他们现在已开始筹划。在伦敦的东部将为运动员建立一个新的奥运村和所有的运动场。当然还会设计新的奖牌……

P: Did you say medals? So even the olive wreath has been replaced!Oh dear!Do you compete for prize money too? 帕：你刚才说奖牌是吗？就连橄榄枝花环也被取代了！天哪，你们也为奖金而竞赛吗？ L: No, we don‘t.it‘s still all about being able to run faster, jump higher and throw further.That‘s the motto of the Olympics, you know-―Swifter, Higher and Stronger.‖

李：不，不是的。仍然是为了能够跑得更快，跳得更高，掷得更远。你知道，奥运会的口号就是―更快，更高，更强‖。

P: Well, that‘s good news.How interesting!Thank you so much for your time.帕：这是个好消息。很有趣！占用了你的时间，非常感谢。

4.必修二Unit 2 THE STORY OF ATLANTA亚特兰大的故事

Atlanta was a Greek princess.亚特兰大是一位希腊公主。She was very beautiful and could run faster than any man in Greece.But she was not allowed to run and win glory for herself in the Olympic Games.她长得很美，跑得比希腊的任何男人都快，但是她却不被允许在奥运会上参加比赛为自己赢得荣誉。She was so angry that she said to her father that she would not marry anyone who could not run faster than her.她因此非常生气，就跟她的父亲说，她不会嫁给任何跑不过她的男人的。Her father said that she must marry, so Atlanta made a bargain with him.她的父亲说她必须结婚，于是亚特兰大就和她的父亲达成了一个协议。She said to him,“These are my rules.When a man says he wants to marry me, I will run against him.If he cannot run as fast as me, he will be killed.No one will be pardoned.” 她对父亲说：―我有我的条件。如果有人说想娶我，我就跟他赛跑。如果他跑得不如我快，他就要被杀掉，任何人不得求饶。‖ Many kings and princes wanted to marry Atlanta, but when they heard of rules they knew it was hopeless.许多国王和王子想要娶阿特兰大。但是当听到她规定的条件时，他们知道是没有希望的。So many of them sadly went home, but others stayed to run the race.因此许多人就闷闷不乐地回家了，但是也有一些人留下来赛跑。There was a man called Hippomenes who was amazed when he heard of Atlanta's rules, 有位叫希波墨涅斯的人，听到亚特兰大的条件，大为吃惊。“Why are these men so foolish?” he thought.“Why will they let themselves be killed because they cannot run as fast as this princess?” 他想：―为什么这些人那么愚蠢呢？为什么他们跑不过这个公主就让别人把自己杀掉呢？‖ However, when he saw Atlanta come out of her house to run, Hippomenes changed his mind.后来，当希波墨涅斯看到亚特兰大从屋子里出来跑步时，他改变了主意。“I will marry Atlanta--or die!” he said.他说：―我要娶亚特兰大，否则就去死。‖

The race started and although the man ran very fast, Atlanta ran faster.比赛开始了，虽然那些男人跑得很快，可是亚特兰大跑得更快。As Hippomenes watched he thought, “How can I run as fast as Atlanta?” He went to ask the Greek Goodness of Love for help.希波墨涅斯想：―我怎样才能跑得像亚特兰大一样快呢？‖他去向希腊爱情女神求助。She promised to help him and gave him three golden apples.女神答应帮助他，并且给了他三个金苹果。She said,“ Throw an apple in front of Atlanta when she is running past.When she stops to pick it up, you will be able to run past her and win.” 她说：―当亚特兰大跑过你的时候，你就把一个苹果扔在她前面。当她停下来去捡苹果时，你就可以继续向前跑而获胜。‖

Hippomenes took the apples and went to the King.希波墨涅斯拿着苹果去见国王。He said,“ I want to marry Atlanta.” The King was sad to see another man die, but Hippomenes said,“ I will marry her------or die!” So the race began.他说：―我要娶亚特兰大。‖国王很忧伤，因为又要看到一个人去送死了，但是希波墨涅斯说：―我要娶她，要不，我就去死。‖于是比赛开始了。

5.必修二Unit 3 WHO AM I? 我是谁？

Over time I have been changed quite a lot.经过一段时间我已经被改变了很多。I began as a calculating machine in France in 1642.1642年我在法国诞生时是一台计算机器。Although I was young I could simplify difficult sums.尽管当时我还年轻，但是我能简化一些复杂的数学题。I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage.我发育缓慢，差不多到了两百年之后，查尔斯·巴比奇才把我制成了一台分析机。After I was programmed by an operator who used cards with holes, I could ―think‖ logically and produce an answer quicker than any person.在操作员用穿卡孔为我设计程序后，我能够进行逻辑―思考‖，并且能够比任何人更快地算出答案。At that time it was considered a technological revolution and the start of my ―artificial intelligence‖.那时这被当作是一次技术革命，也是我―人工智能‖的开始。In 1936 my real father, Alan Turing, wrote a book about how I could be made to work as a ―universal machine‖ to solve any difficult mathematical problem.在1936年，我真正的父亲艾伦·图灵写了一本书，讲述了怎样使我成为一台―通用机器‖来解决任何数学难题。From then on, I grew rapidly both in size and in brainpower.从那时起，我在体积和脑容量方面迅速成长。By the 1949s I had grown as large as a room, and I wondered if I would grow any larger到二十世纪四十年代，我已经长得像一间屋子那么大，我不知道是否还会长得更大。.However, this reality also worried my designers.但是，这个现实也使得我的设计者很担心。As time went by, as was make smaller.随着时间的推移，我被弄得越来越小。First as a PC(personal computer)and then as a laptop, I have been used in offices and homes since the 1970s.自二十世纪七十年代以来，我一直被用在办公室和家庭里，先是用作个人电脑，后来又被做成便携式。

These changes only became possible as my memory improved.这些变化只有随着我的存储能力的不断提高才成为可能。First it was stored in tubes, then on transistors and later on very small chips.最初是被存储到电子管中，以后是晶体管上，后来是非常小的芯片上。As a result I totally changed my shape.因此，我已经完全改变了我的形状。As I have grown older I have also grown smaller.随着我的年龄越来越大，我也变得越来越小。Over time my memory has developed so much that, like an elephant, I never forget anything I have been told!随着时间的推移，我的记忆能力发展得如此之快，就像一头大象一样，从来不会忘记告诉我的任何事情！And my memory became so large that even I couldn‘t believe it!我的存储容量变得如此巨大，连我自己都不能相信！But I was always so lonely standing there by myself, until in early 1960s they gave me a family connected by a network.但是我总是孤孤单单地站在那里，直到二十世纪六十年代初，人们才给了我一个用网络联成的家庭。I was able to share my knowledge with others through the World Wide Web.我能够通过万维网和其他人分享我的知识。Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me.从二十世纪七十年代起，我又被开发出了很多新的用途。I have become very important in communication, finance and trade.我在通讯、金融和商业领域变得非常重要。I have also been put into robots and used to make mobile phones as well as help with medical operations.我还被放在机器人里面，被用来制作移 动手机，并且用来帮助作医疗手术。I have even been put into space rockets and sent to explore the Moon and Mars.我还被放置在航空火箭里去探测月球和火星。Anyhow, my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality.不管怎样，我的目标是给人类提供高质量得生活。I am now truly filled with happiness that I am a devoted friend and helper of the human race!现在我充满了幸福感，因为我是人类忠实的朋友并时时给他们提供帮助。

6.必修二Unit 3 ANDY – THE ANDROID机器人安迪

I‘m part of an android football team.我是安迪足球队的一个成员。About once a year we are allowed to get together to play a game of football.每年大约有一次，我们可以获准在一起进行一次足球赛。I‘m as big as a human.It fact, I look like one too.我同真人一样大小。事实上我看上去也很像人。On the football team I‘m a striker so I have to be able to run very fast.我在球队中是前锋，所以我需要跑得非常快。My computer ships help me to move and think like a human.我的电脑芯片帮助我像真人一样运动和思考。For example, I have learned to signal to my teammates in computer language to give me the ball when I am open and have a good for a goal.例如，当我前面没人防守有机会射一个好球的时候，我已经学会了用计算机语言向队友示意把球传给我。

My first football competition was in Nagoya, Japan several years ago.我第一次足球比赛是几年前在日本的名古屋。Last year our team went to Seattle, Washington in the USA.We won second place.去年，我们队去了美国华盛顿州的西雅图比赛，获得了第二名。Personally, I think the team that won first place cheated.我个人认为得冠军的那个队作弊了。They had developed a new type of program just before the competition.他们恰好在比赛前研制了一种新程序。So we need to encourage our programmer to improve our intelligence too.因此我们也需要鼓励我们的程序编制员来提高我们的智能。We are determined to create an even better system.我们决心创造一个更好的系统。In a way our programmer is like our coach.从某种程度上看，我们的程序员就像是我们的教练。She programs us with all the possible moves she has seen while watching human games.她把观看人类比赛时所看到的一切可能动作编入我们的程序。Then she prepares reliable moves to use if a new situation arises.然后她把我在新情况下能用得上的可靠动作准备好。In this way I can make up new moves using my ―artificial intelligence‖.这样，我就可以用―人工智能‖编制出新的动作。I could like to play against a human team, for I have been programmed to act just like them.我真的特别喜欢和人类球队比赛，因为我经过程 序编制，行动起来和他们一样。After all, with the help of my electronic brain which never forgets anything, using my intelligence is what I‘m all about!不管怎样，在我过目不忘的电子脑的帮助下，运用智能就是我的一切。

7.必修二Unit 4 HOW DAISY LEARNED TO HELP WILDLIFE 戴茜是如何学会保护野生动物的

Daisy had always longed to help endangered species of wildlife.戴茜一直以来都渴望帮助那些濒临灭绝的野生动植物。One day she woke up and found a flying carpet by her bed.一天她醒来，发现床边有一块飞毯。―Where do you want to go?‖ it asked.Daisy responded immediately.―I‘d like to see some endangered wildlife,‖ she said.飞毯问：―你想去哪儿？‖戴茜立刻回答道：―我想去看看濒临灭绝的野生动物。―Please take me to a distant land where I can find the animal that gave fur to make this sweater.‖ 请带我到遥远的地方，在那里我可以发现为制作这件毛衣而提供毛绒的那种动物。‖At once the carpet flew away and took her to Tibet.飞毯立刻开始起飞了，带她到了中国的西藏。There daisy saw and antelope looking sad.在那里，戴茜看到一只藏羚羊面带忧郁的神色。It said, ―We‘re being killed for the wool beneath our stomachs.Our fur is being used to make sweaters for people like you.As a result, we are now an endangered species.‖ 它说：―为了取得我们肚皮底下的羊毛，我们正在被屠杀。我们的毛被用来为像你一样的人们制作毛衣。因此，我们现在濒临灭绝了。‖At that Daisy cried, ―I‘m sorry I didn‘t know that.I wonder what is being done to help you.Flying carpet, please show me a place where there‘s some wildlife protection.‖ 听了这话，戴茜哭了：―我很抱歉，我过去不知道还有这回事儿。我不知道为了帮助你们正在采取什么措施。飞毯啊，请把我带到一个有野生动植物保护的地方去，好吗？‖

The flying carpet traveled so fast that next minute they were in Zimbabwe.飞毯飞行得如此之快，以至于一转眼他们就来到了津巴布韦。Daisy turned around and found that she was being watched by and elephant.戴茜转过身去，看到一头大象正望着她。―Have you come to take my photo?‖ it asked.大象问道：―你是来给我拍照的吗？‖In relief Daisy burst into laughter.戴茜如释重负，突然笑了起来。―Don‘t laugh,‖ said the elephant, ―We used to be an endangered species.Farmers hunted us without mercy.大象说道，―我们过去是濒危动物，农民们总是惨无人道地捕杀我们。They said we destroyed their farms, and money from tourists only went to the large tour companies.他们说，我们破坏了他们的农田，而旅游者的钱过去都流进了大型旅游公司。So the government decided to help.于是政府决定出面提供帮助。They allowed tourists to hunt only a certain number of animals if they paid the farmers.如果游客付给农民钱的话，他们允许游客来猎取一定数量的动物。Now the farmers are happy and our numbers are increasing.如今农民高兴了，我们的数量也在增加。So good things are being done here to save local wildlife.‖因此，为了拯救当地的野生动植物，他们也在做一些好事。‖

Daisy smiled, ―That‘s good news.戴茜笑道：―这可是个好消息。It shows the importance of wildlife protection, but I‘d like to help as the WWF suggests.‖ 这体现了野生动植物保护的重要性，不过，我还是想按照世界自然基金会（WWF）的建议来帮助你们。‖ The carpet rose again and almost at once they were in a thick rainforest.飞毯再次升起，几乎一转眼他们就到了茂密的热带雨林。A monkey watched them as it rubbed itself.一只猴子一边擦着身体，一边望着他们。―What are you doing?‖ asked Daisy.戴茜问它：―你在干什么呢？‖―I‘m protecting myself from mosquitoes,‖ it replied.它回答说：―我这样做可以防止蚊虫叮咬。When I find a millipede insect, I rub it over my body.It contains a powerful drug which affects mosquitoes.当我发现一种千足虫，便把它擦在身上，它含有一种强效的药物可以防止蚊虫叮咬。You should pay more attention to the rainforest where I live the appreciate how the animals live together.你们应该多加关注我生活的热带雨林，并且懂得热带雨林的动物是如何在一起生活的。No rainforest, no animals, no drugs.‖没有雨林，就没有动物，也就没有药物了。‖

Daisy was amazed.戴茜很惊讶。―Flying carpet, please take me home so I can tell WWF and we can begin producing this new drug.―飞毯，请带我回家去，我可以告诉世界自然基金会，我们可以开始生产这种新药。Monkey, please come and help.‖ The monkey agreed.猴子，请跟我回去帮忙吧。‖猴子同意了，The carpet flew home.As they landed, things began to disappear.毯子飞回了家。当他们着地时，一切就开始消失了。Two minutes later everything had gone-the monkey, too.So Daisy was not able to make her new drug.两分钟后，什么都没了──猴子也没了。这样，戴茜就不能制造新药了。But what an experience!但是，这是一次多么奇妙的经历呀！She had learned so much!And there was always WWF…她学了那么多东西！而且，还有世界自然基金会呢

8.必修二Unit 4 ANIMAL EXTINCTION动物灭绝

Many animals have disappeared during the long history of the earth.从地球有史以来的这段漫长时期，许多动物都消失了。The most famous of these animals are dinosaurs.这些动物中最有名的是恐龙。They lived on the earth tens of millions of years ago, long before humans came into being and their future seemed secure at that time.千百万年前，恐龙就在地球上生活，比人 类的出现要早得多。当时他们的前景好像也很安全。

There were many different kinds of dinosaur and a number of them used to live in China.当时有许多不同种类的恐龙，其中有很多种类曾经生活在中国。The eggs of twenty-five species have been found in Xixia County, Nanyang, Henan Province.25个种类的恐龙蛋是在河南省南阳西峡县发现的。Not long ago a rare new species of bird-like dinosaur was discovered in Chaoyang County, Liaoning Province.不久前，在辽宁省的朝阳县新发现了一种罕见的、形状像鸟一样的恐龙。When scientists inspected the bones, they were surprised to find that these dinosaurs could not only run like the others but also climb trees.科学家们观察他们的头骨时，惊奇地发现他们不仅跟其他恐龙一样可以跑，而且还可以爬树。They learned this from the way the bones were joined together.科学家是根据恐龙骨骼的连接方式得知的这些。

Dinosaurs died out suddenly about 65 million years ago.恐龙大约在6500万年前就突然地灭绝了。Some scientists think it came after an unexpected incident when a huge rock from space hit the earth and put too much dust into the air.有些科学家认为恐龙灭绝是发生在一件意外事故之后，当时宇宙间一块巨石击中地球因而在空气中扬起太多的尘土。Others think the earth got too hot for the dinosaurs to live on any more.另外一些科学家则认为，地球变得太热，因此恐龙无法在地球上生活了。

Nobody knows for sure why and how dinosaurs disappeared from the earth in such a short time.没有人确切地知道恐龙是由于什么原因，又是怎样在这么短的时间里从地球上消失的。We know many other wild plants, animals, insects and birds have died out more recently.我们知道，近来许多其他的野生动植物、昆虫和鸟类也灭绝了。According to a UN report, some 844 animals and plants have disappeared in the last 500 years.根据联合国的一份报告，在过去500年里，有844种动植物消失。The dodo is one of them.It lived on the Island of Mauritius and was a very friendly animal.渡渡鸟就是其中的一种。它生活在毛里求斯岛上，是一种非常友好的动物。Please listen to a story of the dodo and how it disappeared from the earth.请听一个关于渡渡鸟的故事，看看它是如何从地球上消失的。

9.必修二Unit 5 THE BAND THAT WASN’T并非乐队的乐队

Have you ever wanted to be part of a band as a famous singer or musician? 你曾经想过要成为一个乐队里有名的歌手或音乐家吗？ Have you ever dreamed of playing in front of thousands of people at a concert, at which everyone is clapping and appreciating your music? 你是否曾梦想过 在音乐会上面对成千上万的观众演唱，观众欣赏你的歌唱为你鼓掌吗？ Do you sing karaoke and pretend you are a famous singer like Song Zuying or Lin Huan? 你唱卡拉OK时是否假装自己就是宋祖英或刘欢一样著名的歌星吗?To be honest, a lot of people attach great importance to becoming rich and famous.说实在的，很多人把名和利看得很重。But just how do people form a band? 那么，人们又是怎样一起组成乐队的呢？

Many musicians meet and form a band because they like to write and play their own music.许多音乐家聚在一起组成乐队，是因为他们喜欢自己作曲，演奏自己的音乐。They may start as a group of high-school students, for whom practicing their music in someone‘s house is the first step to fame.他们开始可能是一组中学生，在某个人家里排练音乐是成名的第一步。Sometimes they may play to passers-by in the street or subway so that they can earn some extra money for themselves or to pay for their instruments.有时他们可能在街上或在地铁里为过路人演奏，这样他们可以为自己或自己要买的乐器多挣一些钱。Later they may give performances in pubs or clubs, for which they are paid in cash.后来，他们可能在酒吧或者俱乐部里演出，这样他们可以得到现金。Of course they hope to make records in a studio and sell millions of copies to become millionaires!当然，他们希望在录音棚里录音，然后卖掉上百万张碟，从而成为百万富翁。

However, there was one band hat started in a different way.然而，也有一个用不同方式组建起来的乐队。It was called the Monkees and began as a TV show.这支乐队叫―门基乐队‖，它开始时是以电视节目表演的形式出现的。The musicians were to play jokes on each other as well as play music, most of which was based loosely on the beatles.组成乐队的音乐人演奏音乐，还彼此打趣逗笑。这些玩笑和音乐大多都在模仿―甲壳虫‖乐队。The TV organizers had planned to find four musicians who could act as well as sing.电视制作人原计划想寻找四位会唱会表演的乐手。They put an advertisement in a newspaper looking for rock musicians, but they could only find one who was good enough.他们在报纸上登了一则广告，想招摇滚乐手，但他们只招到一个满意的。They had to use actors for the other three members of the band.乐队的其他三人只能用演员来代替。

As some of these actors could not sing well enough, they had to rely on other musicians to help them.因为这些演员中有些人唱得不是很好，他们不得不依靠队里的其他人帮助。So during the broadcasts they just pretended to sing.所以在演出的时候他们只是假唱。Anyhow their performances were humorous enough to be copied by clubs in order to get more familiar with them.不管怎样，他们的表演非常幽默以至于其他的乐队也开始模仿。他们非常走红使得歌迷们为了更加熟悉他们而成立了俱乐部。Each week on TV, the Mondees would play and sing songs written by other musicians.门基乐队每个星期都要在电视上演唱由别的音乐家创作的歌曲。However, after a year or so in which they became more serious about their work, the Monkees started to play and sing their own songs like a real band.然而，经过大约一年以后，门基乐队逐渐对自己的工作认真起来，他们开始像一支真正的乐队那样演唱自己创作的歌曲。Then they produced their own records and started touring and play their own music.然后他们录制自己的唱片，并且开始巡回表演他们自己的音乐。In the USA they became even more popular than the Beatles and sold even more records.在美国，他们甚至比―甲壳虫‖乐队还要受欢迎，出售的录音专辑还要多。The band broke up about 1970, but happily the reunited in the mid-1980s.―门基乐队‖大约在1970年左右解散，但是令人高兴的是，到80年代中期他们再次聚首。they produced a new record in 1996, with which they celebrated their former time as a real band.在1996年，他们推出了一张新的专辑，以此来庆祝他们真正成为乐队以来的那段时光。10.必修二Unit 5 FREDDY THE FROG(II)青蛙弗雷迪

Not long after Freddy and the band became famous, they visited Britain on a brief tour.弗雷迪和他的乐队成名后不久，就到英国作短暂的巡回演出去了。Fans showed their devotion by waiting for hours to get tickets for their concerts.歌迷们表现出了极大的忠心，他们等几个小时来购买音乐会的门票。Freddy was now quite confident when he went into a concert hall.弗雷迪现在步入演出厅会感到非常自信。He enjoyed singing and all the congratulations afterwards!他很喜欢演唱，喜欢演出后的祝贺声！His most exciting invitation was to perform on a programme called “Top of the Pops.” 最令他感到激动的是受邀请参加叫做―顶级流行歌手‖的电视节目中的那场表演。He had to go to London, wear an expensive suit and give a performance to a TV camera.他得去伦敦，穿着昂贵的服装，对着电视摄像机演唱。It felt very strange.那种感觉真是不一般。But as soon as the programme was over, the telephones which were in the same room started ringing.而节目一完，这个房间里的电话铃声就开始响起来了。Everybody was asking when they could see Freddy and his band again.They were truly stars.大家都问他们什么时候可以再次看到弗雷迪和他的乐队。他们真的成了歌星了！

Then things went wrong.后来情况可就不妙了。Freddy and his band could not go out anywhere without being followed.弗雷迪和他的乐队无论走到哪儿都有人跟踪。Even when they wore sunglasses or beards people recognized them.甚至他们戴着太阳镜留着胡子时，人们也会认出 他们来。Fans found them even when they went into the toilet.即使他们上厕所，也会被歌迷发现。They tried to hide in the reading rooms of libraries, but it was useless.他们试图在图书馆的阅览室里躲藏起来，但这些都不管用。Someone was always there!总有人在那儿等着！Their personal life was regularly discussed by people who did not know them but talked as if they were close friends.一些不认识他们的人也在不断地讨论他们的私生活，而且就像他们的密友一样在谈论他们。At last feeling very upset and sensitive, Freddy and his band to which they were never to return, and went back to the lake.终于由于深感苦恼，神经高度紧张，弗雷迪和他的乐队意识到他们必须在自己感到太痛苦之前离开这个国家。因此，他们离开了英国，从此再也没有回去，又重新回到湖里去了。

5.必修三Unit1 Festivals and celebrations节日和庆典

Festivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere since ancient times.自古以来，世界各地就有各种各样的节日和庆典。Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn.最古老的节日总是庆祝严寒的结束、春季的种植和秋天的收割。Sometimes celebrate would be held after hunters had caught animals.有时，在猎人捕获猎物后，也举行庆祝活动。At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the cold winter months.在那个时代，如果食物难以找到，特别是在寒冷的冬月，人们会挨饿。Today‘s festivals have many origins ,some religious, some seasonal, and some for special people or events.现在的节日有很多由来，一些是宗教上的，一些是季节性的，一些是纪念特殊的人和事件的。Festivals of the Dead亡灵节

Some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or to do harm.有些节日，是为了纪念死者，或使祖先得到满足，因为祖先们有可能回到世上（给人们）提供帮助，也有可能带来危害。For the Japanese festival.Obon, people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors.在日本的盂兰盆节，人们要扫墓、烧香，以缅怀祖先。They also light lamps and play music because they think that this will lead the ancestors back to earth.他们还点起灯笼，奏响乐曲，因为他们认为这样做可以把祖先引回到世上。In Mexico, people celebrate the Day of the Dead in early November.在墨西哥，亡灵节是在11月初。On this important feast day, people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with ―bones‖ on them.在这个重要的节日里，人们会吃制成颅骨形状的食物，和装点有―骨头‖的蛋糕。They offer food, flowers and gifts to the dead.他们向亡者祭献食物、鲜花和礼品。The Western holiday Halloween also had its origin in old beliefs about the return of the spirits of dead people.西方节日万圣节也源自人们古老的信念，认为亡者的灵魂会返回人间。It is now a children‘s festival, when they can dress up and to their neighbours‘ homes to ask for sweets.万圣节如今成了孩子们的节日，这天他们可以乔装打扮上到邻居家要糖吃。If the neighbours do not give any sweets, the children might play a trick on them.如果邻居什么糖也不给，那么孩子们就可以捉弄他们了。

Festivals to Honour People纪念名人的节日

Festivals can also be held to honour famous people.也有纪念名人的节日。The Dragon Boat Festival in China honours the famous ancient poet, Qu Yuan.中国的端午节（龙舟节），是纪念著名古代诗人屈原的。In the USA Columbus Day is in memory of the arrival of Christopher Columbus in New World.美国的哥伦布日是纪念克里斯托弗·哥伦布发现―新大陆‖的日子。India has a national festival on October 2 to honour Mohandas Gandhi, the leader who helped gain India‘s independence from Britain.印度在10月2日有个全国性节日，纪念莫汉达斯·甘地，他是帮助印度脱离英国而独立的领袖。Harvest Festivals庆丰收的节日

Harvest and Thanksgiving festivals can be very happy events.收获与感恩节是非常喜庆的节日。People are grateful because their food is gathered for the winter and the agricultural work is over.越冬的粮食收集起来了，农活结束了，人们都心怀感激。In European countries, people will usually decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit, and will get together to have meals.在欧洲国家，人们通常用花果来装饰教堂和市政厅，在一起聚餐。Some people might win awards for their farm produce, like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster.有些人还可能因为他们的农产品（参加各种评选）而获奖，比如最大的西瓜或最帅的公鸡。China and Japan have mid-autumn festivals, when people admire the moon and in China, enjoy

mooncakes.中国和日本都有中秋节，这时，人们会赏月。在中国，人们还品尝月饼。Spring Festivals春天的节日

The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring.最富生气而又最重要的节日，就是告别冬天、迎来春天的日子。At the Spring Festival in China, people eat dumplings, fish and meat and may give children lucky money in red paper.中国人过春节要吃饺子、鱼和肉，还要给孩子们送红纸包着的压岁钱。There are dragon dances and carnivals, and families celebrate the Lunar New Year together.（他们）舞龙灯、狂欢，全家人聚在一起欢庆阴历年。Some Western countries have very exciting carnivals, which take place forty days before Easter, usually in February.在一些西方国家有激动人心的狂欢节，通常在二月，复活节前的四十天。These carnivals might include parades, dancing in the streets day and night, loud music and colourful clothing of all kinds.狂欢节期间，人们身着各种艳丽的节日盛装，伴随着鼓噪的音乐，在街头游行，昼夜跳舞。Easter is an important religious and social festival for Christians around the world.复活节是全世界基督徒的一个重要的宗教和公众节日。It celebrates the return of Jesus from the dead and the coming of spring and new life.它庆祝耶稣复活，也欢庆春天和新生命的到来。Japan‘s Cherry Blossom Festival happens a little later.再晚些时候，日本就迎来了樱花节，The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as thought it is covered with pink snow.（节日里）整个国度到处是盛开的樱花，看上去就像覆盖了一层粉红色的雪。

People love to get together to eat , drink and have fun with each other.人们喜欢聚在一起吃、喝、玩耍。节日让我们享受生活，Festivals let us enjoy life, be proud of our customs and forget our work for a little while.让我们为自己的习俗而自豪，还可以暂时忘掉工作中的烦恼。

6.必修三Unit 1 A SAD LOVE STORY一段伤心的爱情故事 Li Fang was heart-broken.李方的心都碎了。It was Valentine‘s Day and Hu Jin had said she would meet him at the coffee shop after work.这天是情人节，胡瑾说她下班后会在咖啡馆和他见面的。But she didn‘t turn up.可现在她却不见人影。She could be with her friends right now laughing at him.也许她这会儿跟朋友在一起，正在取笑他呢。She said she would be there at seven o‘clock, and he thought she would keep her word.她说她会在7点到达，他(李方)认为她会守信用的。He had looked forward to meeting her all day, and now he was alone with his roses and chocolates, like a fool.他一整天都期盼着见到她，而现在他拿着玫瑰花和巧克力独自一人守候着，像个傻瓜一样。Well, he was not going to hold his breath for her to apologize.他不想屏息等她来道歉，He would drown his sadness in coffee.他要用咖啡来解愁。

It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave-he wiped the tables, then sat down and turned on the TV-just what Li Fang needed!很明显，咖啡馆里的经理在等李方离开一一他擦好桌子，然后坐下来，打开电视机。这正合了李方的意！A sad Chinese story about lost love.正在播出的是流传在中国的一个悲伤的爱情故事。

The granddaughter of the Goddess of Heaven visited the earth.王母娘娘的外孙女下凡来到人间。Her name was Zhinü, the weaving girl.她的名字叫织女，做纺织活的女孩。While she was on earth she met the herd boy Niulang and they fell in love.(―Just like me and Hu Jin,‖ thought Li Fang.)她在人间遇到了牛郎，两人相爱了。(李方想―这正像我和胡瑾。‖)They got married secretly, and they were very happy.(―We could be like that,‖ thought Li Fang.)于是他们秘密结了婚，并且生活得十分幸福。(李方想,―我们也可以像他们那样幸福的。‖)When the Goddess of Heaven knew that her granddaughter was married to a human, she became very angry and made

the weaving girl return to Heaven.王母娘娘知道自己的孙女跟一个世上的凡人结了婚，她勃然大怒，强行把织女带回到天宫。Niulang tried to follow her, but the river of stars, the Milly Way, stopped him.当牛郎试图追上去，却被银河阻挡住了。Finding that Zhinü was heart-broken, her grandmother finally decided to let the couple cross the Milky Way to meet once a year.看到织女伤心欲绝，最后王母娘娘决定让这对夫妻每年跨过银河相会一次。Magpies make a bridge of their wings so the couple can cross the river to meet on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month.阴历七月初七，喜鹊们会展翅搭桥，让这对恋人过河相会。People in China hope that the weather will be fine on that day, because if it is raining, it means that Zhinü is weeping and the couple won‘t be able to meet.中国人都希望这天天气晴朗，因为如果碰到下雨，这就意味着织女在哭泣，两个恋人不能见面。

The announcer said,‖ This is the story of Qiqiao Festival.主持人说道：―这就是乞巧节的故事。When foreigners hear about the story, they call it a Chinese Valentine‘s story.外国朋友听到这个故事就将它称作中国的情人节。It‘s a fine day today, so I hope you can all meet the one you love.‖ 今天天气晴朗，我希望你们都能见到所爱的人。‖

As Li Fang set off for home, he thought,‖ I guess Hu Jin doesn‘t love me.I‘ll just throw these flowers and chocolates away.I don‘t want them to remind me of her.‖ 李方动身往家走，心里想：―我想胡瑾是不爱我了，把这些鲜花和巧克力都扔了吧。我不想因它们想起她来。‖ So he did.于是他把花和巧克力都扔了。

As he sadly passed the tea shop on the corner on his way home, he heard a voice calling him.在回家路上，他神情失落地走过拐角处的一家茶馆，听到有人叫他的名字。There was Hu Jin waving at him and calling , ―why are you so late? I‘ve been waiting for you for a long time!And I have a gift for you!‖ 那是胡瑾在向他招手，她喊道：―你为什么这么晚才来呢? 我一直在这儿等你好久了!这是我送给你的礼物!‖

What would he do? He had thrown away her Valentine gifts!他怎么办呢？他把情人节的礼物都扔了！She would never forgive him.她恐怕永远也不会原谅他了。This would not be a happy Valentine‘s Day!这个情人节快乐不起来啦！

7.必修三Unit2 COME AND EAT HERE(1)到这里来用餐吧（1）

Wang Peng sat in his empty restaurant feeling very frustrated.王鹏坐在他那空荡荡的餐馆里，感到十分沮丧。It had been a very strange morning.这个上午真是怪得很。Usually he got up early and prepared his menu of barbecued mutton kebabs,roast pork, stir-flied vegetables and fried rice.通常他很早就起床准备他的菜肴----烤羊肉串、烤猪肉、炒菜和炒饭。Then by lunchtime they would all be sold.然后到午饭时分，这些菜都会卖完。By now his restaurant ought to be full of people.But not today!到了这个时候，他的餐馆本该宾客盈门的，但今天却不是！Why was that? What could have happened? 为什么会这样？发生了什么事？ He thought of his mutton, beef and bacon cooked in the hottest, finest oil.他想起了他用滚烫的精制油烹制的羊肉、牛肉和腊肉。His cola was sugary and cold, and his ice cream was made of milk, cream and delicious fruit.他的可乐又甜又冷，冰激凌是用牛奶、奶油和美味的水果制成的。“Nothing could be better,” he thought.他想：―再没有比这些更好吃的了。‖ Suddenly he saw his friend Li Chang hurrying by.突然，他看到自己的朋友李昌匆匆地走过。“Hello, Lao Li,” he called.“Your usual?” 他喊道，―喂，老李！你还是吃老一套吧？‖ But Li Chang seemed not to hear.可是李昌似乎没有听到。What was the matter? 怎么回事呢？Something terrible must have happened if Li Chang was not coming to eat in his restaurant as he always did.要是李昌不像往常那样到他

店里吃饭，那问题一定严重了。

Wang Peng followed Li Chang into a new small restaurant.王鹏跟着李昌来到一家新开张的小餐馆。He saw a sign at the door.看见门口有一块招牌：

Tired of all that fat? Want to lose weight? ―肥腻的东西吃厌了吧？想变瘦吗？ Come inside Yong Hui‘s slimming restaurant.请到雍慧减肥餐馆来。Only slimming foods served here.此地只供应减肥食品，Make yourself thin again!让你恢复苗条！‖

Curiosity drove Wang Peng inside.王鹏受到好奇心的驱使，走了进去。It was full of people.里面坐满了人。The hostess, a very thin lady, came forward.“Welcome,” she said.“My name is Yong Hui.I'll help you lose weight and be fit in two weeks if you eat here every day.” 店老板，一个清瘦的女人走上前来说道：―欢迎光临！我叫雍慧。您要是每天来这儿用餐，我可以在两周内帮您减肥并让身体健康起来。‖Then she gave a menu to Wang Peng.然后，她递给王鹏一份菜谱。There were few choices of food and drink on it: just rice, raw vegetables served in vinegar, fruit and water.菜谱上只有很少几样食物和饮料：只有米饭、蘸醋吃的生蔬菜、水果和水。Wang Peng was amazed at this and especially at the prices.王鹏对此感到吃惊，特别是对价格。It cost more than a good meal in his restaurant!这价格比在他的餐馆里吃一顿好饭还要贵。He could not believe his eyes.他几乎不能相信他的眼睛！He threw down the menu and hurried outside.他甩了菜谱就急匆匆往外走。On his way home he thought about his own menu.在回家的路上，他想起了自己的菜谱。Did it make people fat? 那些菜让人发胖了吗？ Perhaps he should go to the library and find out.也许他该去图书馆查查看。He could not have Yong Hui getting away with telling people lies!他可不能让雍慧哄骗人们却不受惩罚！He had better do some research!他最好做一番调查！

At the library Wang Peng was surprised to find that his restaurant served far too much fat and Yong Hui‘s far too little.在图书馆，王鹏很惊讶地发现，他餐馆里的食物脂肪含量太高，而雍慧餐馆里的食物脂肪含量又太少。Even though her customers might get thin after eating Yong Hui‘s food, they were not eating enough energy-giving food to keep them fit.尽管顾客吃她的餐馆里的饭菜会变得苗条，但他们摄取不到足够的热量来保持健康。They would become tired very quickly.很快就会感到疲乏。Wang Peng felt more hopeful as he drove back home.开车回家时，王鹏觉得又有了希望。Perhaps with a discount and a new sign he could win his customers back.也许写个新的标牌、打点折，能够赢回顾客吧。So he wrote: 于是他写到：

Want to feel fit and energetic?―想健康又精力旺盛吗？Come and eat here!Discounts today!到这里来用餐吧！今天打折！Our food gives you energy all day!

我们的食物能够给您提供一整天所需的热量！‖

The competition between the two restaurants was on!这两家餐馆之间的竞争开始了！

8.必修三Unit2 COME AND EAT HERE(2)到这里来用餐吧（2）

A week later, Wang Peng' s restaurant was nearly full and he felt happier.一周后，王鹏的餐馆几乎坐满了人，他感到高兴些了。Perhaps he would be able to earn his living after all and not have to close his restaurant.也许他仍然能够谋生，而不至于关闭自己的餐馆了。He did not look forward to being in debt because his restaurant was no longer popular.他不希望由于餐馆不受欢迎而负债。He smiled as he welcomed some customers warmly at the door but the smile left his face when he saw Yong Hui walking in.他微笑着站在门口热情地迎接他的客人。但他一见到雍慧走进来，脸上的笑容马上就消失了。She did not look happy but glared at him.雍慧瞪着他，看上去不高兴。“ May I ask what you were doing in my restaurant the other day? ―请问你那天到我餐馆里来干什么？ I thought you were a new customer and now I know that you 25

only came to spy on me and my menu,” she shouted.我本来以为你是一位新顾客，现在我才发现你只是过来打探我和我的菜谱的。‖ 她大声问道。“ Please excuse me,” he calmly explained,“ I wanted to know where all my customers had gone last week.王鹏心平气和地解释说：―很对不起，上周我想知道我所有的顾客上哪儿吃饭去了。I followed one of them and found them in your restaurant.我跟着一位顾客走，发现他们在你的餐馆里。I don' t want to upset you, but I found your menu so limited that I stopped worrying and started advertising the benefits of my food.我并不想让你心烦，不过我发现你菜谱上的菜太少了，所以我也就不着急了，我也开始宣传我餐馆的食物的好处。Why don' t you sit down and try a meal?” 你为什么不坐下来吃顿饭呢？‖

Yong Hui agreed to stay and soon they were both enjoying dumplings and breast of chicken cooked with garlic.雍慧同意留下来。没过一会，他们两人就津津有味地吃起饺子和蒜蓉鸡胸。When they were served the ice cream, Yong Hui began to look ill.当到吃冰激凌时，雍慧开始看起来不舒服了。“I feel sick with all this fat and heavy food,” she said, 她说，―吃了这么多油腻的、难消化的食物，我都觉得恶心了。“ I miss my vegetables and fruit.”我想吃我的蔬菜和水果。‖Wang Peng was enjoying a second plate of dumplings so he sighed.“ Yes,” he added,“ and I would miss my dumplings and fatty pork.Don't you get tired quickly?” 这时候，王鹏正在吃第二盘饺子，他叹了一口气，说道，―同样地，（如果在你的餐馆）我还想吃我的饺子和肥肉呢。你不觉得自己很容易疲乏么？‖ “Well, I do have to rest a lot,” admitted Yong Hui.―是的，我的确经常需要休息。‖雍慧承认了，“But don't you think it would be better if you were a bit thinner? I‘m sure you ' d feel much healthier.”―不过，难道你不认为你瘦一点更好么？我相信，那样你会觉得更健康些。‖

They began to talk about menus and balanced diets.他们开始谈论菜谱和平衡膳食的问题。“ According to my research, neither your restaurant nor mine offers a balanced diet,” explained Wang Peng.王鹏解释道：―根据我的研究，你我两家所提供的都不是均衡膳食。“ I don' t offer enough fibre and you don' t offer enough body-building and energy-giving food.我没有提供足够的纤维食物，而你提供的食物没有足够的营养和热量。Perhaps we ought to combine our ideas and provide a balanced menu with food full of energy and fibre.”也许我们应该把我们的想法结合起来，做出一份富有热量和纤维的均衡食谱。‖ So that is what they did.于是，他们就照此做了。They served raw vegetables with the hamburgers and boiled the potatoes rather than frying them.They served fresh fruit with the ice cream.他们用生蔬菜配汉堡包，煮土豆而不是油炸土豆，还拿新鲜水果配上冰激凌。In this way they cut down the fat and increased the fibre in the meal.这样，他们减少了饭菜中脂肪的含量，增加了纤维素。Their balanced diets became-such a success that before long Wang Peng became slimmer and Yong Hui put on more weight.他们的平衡食谱非常有效，王鹏很快就瘦了，而雍慧却胖了。After some time the two found that their business cooperation had turned into a personal one.不久以后，这两个人发现，他们生意上的合作变成了私人的合作了。Finally they got married and lived happily ever after!最后，他们结了婚，过上了幸福美满的生活！

9.必修三Unit 3 THE MILLION POUND BANK NOTE百万英镑 Act I, Scene 3第一幕，第三场

NARRATOR: 旁白： It is the summer of 1903.Two old and wealthy brothers, Roderick and Oliver, have made a bet.1903年的夏天，一对老年又富有的兄弟，罗德里克和奥利弗，打了一个赌。Oliver believes that with a million pound bank note a man could survive a month in London.奥利弗认为，一个人靠一张百万英镑的钞票在伦敦能活一个月。His brother Roderick

doubts it.他的兄弟罗德里克对此表示怀疑。At this moment, they see a penniless young man wandering on the pavement outside their house.这时，他们看见一个身无分文的年轻人在房子外面的人行道上游荡。It is Henry Adams, an American businessman, who is lost in London and does not know what he should do.他叫亨利·亚当斯，一个美国商人，在伦敦迷了路，不知道该怎么办。

RODERICK:Young man, would you step inside a moment, please? 罗德里克：年轻人，请你进来一会儿，好吗？ HENRY: Who? Me, sir? 亨利：先生，你叫谁啊？是叫我吗？ RODERICK:Yes, you.罗德里克：是的，就是你。

OLIVER: Through the front door on your left.奥利弗：从你左侧的前门进来。

HENRY:(A servant opens a door)Thanks.亨利：（仆人给他打开门）谢谢。

SERVANT: Good morning, sir.Would you please come in? Permit me to lead the way, sir.仆人：早上好，先生，请进。先生，请让我来带路吧。OLIVER:(Henry enters)Thank you, James.That will be all.奥利弗：（亨利走进来）谢谢你，詹姆斯，没你的事了。RODERICK: How do you do, Mr....er...? 罗德里克：你好，先生，你贵姓？ HENRY:Adams.Henry Adams.亨利：亚当斯，亨利·.亚当斯

OLIVER: Come and sit down, Mr.Adams.奥利弗：来，请坐，亚当斯先生。HENRY: Thank you.亨利：谢谢

RODERICK: You're an American? 罗德里克：你是美国人？

HENRY: That's right, from San Francisco.亨利：是的，从旧金山来。

RODERICK: How well do you know London? 罗德里克：你对伦敦熟悉吗？

HENRY: Not at all, it's my first trip here.亨利：一点也不熟悉，这是我第一次来伦敦。

RODERICK:I wonder, Mr.Adams, if you'd mind us asking a few questions.罗德里克：亚当斯先生，不知道你是否介意我们问几个问题？ HENRY: Not at all.Go right ahead.亨利：不介意，请问吧。

RODERICK:May we ask what you're doing in this country and what your plans are? 罗德里克：可不可以问问，你在这个国家要干点儿什么？你的计划又是什么呢？

HENRY: Well, I can't say that I have any plans.I'm hoping to find work.As a matter of fact, I landed in Britain by accident.亨利：嗯，谈不上有什么计划，我希望能找到工作。事实上，我在英国上岸是偶然的。

OLIVER:How is that possible? 奥利弗：这怎么可能呢？

HENRY: Well, you see, back home I had my own boat.About a month ago, I was sailing out of the bay...(his eyes stare at what is left of the brother's dinner on table)亨利：嗯，你看，在美国的时候，我有自己的船。大约一个月前，我开船驶出了海湾……（他的眼睛盯着两兄弟俩留在餐桌上的残羹剩菜）OLIVER:Well, go on.奥利弗：往下说啊。

HENRY: Oh, yes.Well, towards nightfall I found myself carried out to sea by a strong wind.It was all my fault.I didn't know whether I could survive until morning.The next morning I'd just about given myself up for lost when I was spotted by a ship.亨利：哦，好的。嗯，傍晚时分我发现我被一阵大风刮到海上去了。这都是我的错。我不知道是否能活到早晨。第二天早上，我正感到绝望的时候，一艘海船发现了我。OLIVER:And it was the ship that brought you to England.奥利弗：正是那艘船把你带到了英国。

HENRY: Yes.The fact is that I earned my passage by working as an unpaid hand, which accounts for my appearance.I went to the American embassy to seek help, but...(The brothers smile at each other.)亨利：是的。事实上我靠做义工来顶替船费，这就是我为什么衣冠不整的原因了。我上美国大使馆求助，但是……（兄弟两相顾而笑）

RODERICK: Well, you mustn't worry about that.It's an advantage.罗德里克：嗯，这一点你倒不必担心，这还是优点呢。HENRY: I'm afraid I don't quite follow you, sir.亨利：对不起，先生，你的话我没有听懂。

RODERICK: Tell us, Mr.Adams, what sort of work did you do in America? 罗德里克：亚当斯先生，请告诉我们，你在美国干哪个行当？

HENRY: I worked for a mining company.Could you offer me some kind of work here? 亨利：我在一家矿业公司工作。你们能不能给我提供一份工作呢？

RODERICK: Patience, Mr.Adams.If you don't mind, may I ask you how much money you have? 罗德里克：耐心点儿，亚当斯先生。如果你不介意，我能不能问问，你手头儿有多少钱？ HENRY: Well, to be honest, I have none.亨利：嗯，老实说，我一分钱都没有了。

OLIVER:(happily)What luck!Brother, what luck!(claps his hands together)奥利弗：（高兴地）老兄，真走运！真有运气！（鼓起掌来）

HENRY: Well, it may seem lucky to you but not to me!On the contrary, in fact.If this is your idea of some kind of joke, I don't think it's very funny.(Henry stands up to leave)Now if you'll excuse me, I think I'll be on my way.亨利：嗯，这对你们来说可能是运气，但对我来说可不是。事实上，正好相反。如果你们认为这是一个笑话，我可不觉得很好笑。（亨利起身准备走）好了，请原谅，我想我该上路了。RODERICK:Please don't go, Mr.Adams~ You mustn't think we don't care about you.Oliver, give him the letter.罗德里克：亚当斯先生，请别走。你千万不要以为我们不在意你的感受。奥利弗，把信给他。OLIVER:Yes, the letter.(gets it from a desk and gives it to Henry like a gift)The letter.奥利弗：是，拿信。（从座上把信拿起来，像送礼品一样递给亨利）给你信。HENRY:(taking it carefully)For me? 亨利：（小心翼翼地接过信）是给我的吗？

RODERICK:For you.(Henry starts to open it)Oh, no, you mustn't open it.Not yet.You can't open it until two o'clock.罗德里克：是给你的。（亨利要拆信）啊，别拆，你不要拆，现在不是时候，到两点钟你才能打开。

HENRY: Oh, this is silly.亨利：噢，这真可笑。

RODERICK: Not silly.There's money in it.(calls to the servant)James? 罗德里克：这不可笑，这里边有钱呢。（叫仆人）詹姆斯？ HENRY:Oh, no.I don't want your charity.I just want an honest job.亨利：噢，不，我不需要你们的施舍，我只要一份老老实实的工作。

RODERICK: We know you're hard-working.That's why we've given you the letter.James, show Mr.Adams out.罗德里克：我们知道你工作是很卖力的，这正是我们给你这封信的原因。詹姆斯，请送亚当斯先生出去。

OLIVER: Good luck, Mr.Adams.奥利弗：祝你好运，亚当斯先生。

HENRY:Well, why don't you explain what this is all about? 亨利：嗯，怎么不给我讲讲，这究竟是怎么回事呢？

RODERICK: You'll soon know.(looks at the clock)In exactly an hour and a half.罗德里克：你很快就会明白的，（看着钟）一个半小时以后。SERVANT: This way, sir.仆人：请这边走，先生。

RODERICK: Mr.Adams, not until 2 o'clock.Promise? 罗德里克：亚当斯先生，两点钟以前不要拆信，答应吗？ HENRY: Promise.Goodbye.亨利：答应。再见！

10.必修三Unit3 THE MILLION POUND BANK NOTE百万英镑: Act I, Scene 4第一幕，第4场

(Outside a restaurant Henry looks at the envelope without opening it and decides to go in.He sits down at a table next to the front window.)（在餐馆外边，亨利看了看信封，没有打开，然后决定走进餐馆。他在靠近前边窗户的一张桌子旁坐了下来）

OWNER:(seeing Henry's poor appearance)That one's reserved.This way, please.(to the waiter)Take this gentleman's order, Horace.店 主：（看看亨利的那副穷酸相）那张桌子有人订了。请到这边来。（对服务员）霍勒斯，来等这位先生点菜。

HENRY:(after sitting down and putting the letter on the table)I'd like some ham and eggs and a nice big steak.Make it extra thick.I'd also like a cup of coffee and a pineappledessert.亨 利：（坐定之后，把信放在桌上）我要火腿加鸡蛋，还来一块大牛排，要特厚的。我还要一杯咖啡，一份菠萝甜点。

WAITER:Right, sir.I'm afraid it'll cost a large amount of money.服务员：好的，先生。恐怕这得花费一大笔钱。HENRY: I understand.And I'll have a large glass of beer.亨 利：我明白。我还要一大杯啤酒。

WAITER:OK.(The waiter leaves and soon returns with all the food.)服务员：行。（服务员离开了，很快把所有的食物端了上来）HOSTESS: My goodness!Why, look at him.He eats like a wolf.女老板：天哪！你看他，吃起东西来就像头狼。OWNER:We'll see if he's clever as a wolf, eh? 店主：瞧着吧，看他是不是像狼一样机灵？

HENRY:(having just finished every bit of food)Ah, waiter.(waiter returns)Same thing again, please.Oh, and another beer.亨利：（刚吃完了所有的东西）喂，服务员。（服务员过来了）同样的东西请再来一份，呃，再来一大杯啤酒。

WAITER:Again? Everything? 服务员：每样东西都再来一份吗？

HENRY: Yes, that's right.(sees the look on the waiter's face)Anything wrong? 亨利：是，没错。（看着服务员脸上的神色）有什么不对吗？

WAITER:No, not at all.(to the owner)He's asked for more of the same.服务员：不，没什么不对。（对店主）他再要一份同样的食物。

OWNER:Well, it is well-known that Americans like to eat a lot.Well, we'll have to take a chance.Go ahead and let him have it.店主：嗯，许多美国人喜欢吃得多，这是大家都知道的。哦，我们得冒点儿风险。去吧，让他吃吧。

WAITER:(reading the bill after the meal)All right.That's two orders of ham and eggs, two extra thick steaks, two large glasses of beer, two cups of coffee and two desserts.服务员：（饭后念账单）好了。两份火腿加鸡蛋，两份特厚的牛排，两大杯啤酒，两杯咖啡和两份甜点。

HENRY:(looking at the clock on the wall)Would you mind waiting just a few minutes? 亨利：（望着墙上的挂钟）请等几分钟好吗？

WAITER:(in a rude manner)What's there to wait for? 服务员：（很不耐烦地）还等什么？

OWNER:All right, Horace.I'll take care of this.店 主：霍勒斯，行啦，这儿由我来照应。

HENRY:(to owner)That was a wonderful meal.It's amazing how much pleasure you get out of tile simple things in life, especially if you can't have them for a while.亨 利：（对店主）这餐饭吃得真棒。从生活中如此简单的东西之中竟能得到这么大的乐趣，真是令人吃惊，特别是当你暂时吃不到这些东西的时候。

OWNER:Yes, very interesting.Now perhaps, sir, if you pay your bill I can help the other customers.店 主：是的，很有意思。如果你现在能付账的话，我就可以去照顾别的顾客了。

HENRY:(looking at the clock on the wall again)Well, I see it's two o'clock.(he opens the envelope and holds a million pound bank note in his hands.Henry is surprised but the owner and waiter are shocked)I'm very sorry.But...I...I don't have anything smaller.亨 利：（又望着墙上的挂钟）好了，我看两点钟到了。（他把信封拆开，拿出一张百万英镑的钞票。亨利感到吃惊，店主和服务员惊呆了）很抱歉，我……我……我没有小一点儿的钞票。

OWNER:(still shocked and nervous)Well..er...just one moment.Maggie, look!(the hostess screams, the other customers look at her and she puts a hand to her mouth)Do you think it's genuine? 店 主：（还在发呆，而且有点儿紧张）好……嗯……，等一会儿。玛吉，来瞧瞧！（女老板尖叫起来，其他顾客都望着她，于是，她用手捂住了嘴巴）你看这张钞票是真的吗？ HOSTESS: Oh, dear, I don't know.I simply don't know.女老板：天哪，我不知道。我真不知道。

OWNER:Well, I did hear that the Bank of England had issued two notes in this amount...Anyway, I don't think it can be a fake.People would pay too much attention to a bank note of this amount.No thief would want that to happen.店 主：嗯，我确实听说过英格兰银行发行了两张这样面值的钞票……不管怎样，我觉得这不可能是假钞。这么大面值的钞票会特别引人注意的。小偷可不想引起别人的注意。HOSTESS: But he's in rags!女老板：但是他穿得破破烂烂的！

OWNER:Perhaps he's a very strange, rich man.(as if he has discovered something for the first time)Why, yes!That must be it!店 主：也许他是一个非常怪异而富有的人。（如梦初醒似的）啊，对了，一定是这样的。HOSTESS:(hits her husband's arm)And you put him in the back of the restaurant!Go and see him at once.女老板：（在她丈夫的手臂上打了一下）是你把他带到餐厅后面去的，还不马上去看看他。OWNER:(to Henry)I'm so sorry, sir, so sorry, but I cannot change this bank note.店 主：（对亨利）先生，对不起，非常对不起，这张钞票我们找不开。HENRY: But it's all I have on me.亨 利：而我身上就只带了这张钞票。

OWNER:Oh, please, don't worry, sir.Doesn't matter at all.We're so very glad that you even entered our little eating place.Indeed, sir, I hope you'll come here whenever you like.店 主：哎呀，先生，请别着急，一点儿也没关系。我们非常高兴你能走进我们这家小吃店。先生，真的，我希望您随时光临。HENRY: Well, that's very kind of you.亨 利：这，你太好了。

OWNER:Kind, sir? No, it's kind of you.You must come whenever you want and have whatever you like.Just having you sit here is a great honour!As for the bill, sir, please forget it.店 主：我太好了？不，先生，是您太好了。您什么时候想来就来，想吃什么就吃什么。您就是在这儿坐一下也是我们莫大的荣幸！至于说账单嘛，先生，请把它忘了吧。HENRY: Forget it? Well...thank you very much.That's very nice of you.亨 利：忘了它？喔……，那就太谢谢了。你太好了。

OWNER:Oh, it's for us to thank you, sir and I do, sir, from the bottom of my heart.(The owner, hostess and waiter all bow as Henry leaves.)店 主：啊，先生，该是我们谢谢您呢。先生，我从心底里感谢您。（当亨利离开的时候，店主、女老板和服务员都一齐向他鞠躬）

11.必修三Unit4 HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTH地球上生命的起源

No one knows exactly how the earth began, as it happened so long ago.没有人确切知道地球是怎样开始形成的，因为在很早很早以前地球就形成了。However, according to a widely accepted theory, the universe began with a “Big Bang” that threw matter in all directions.然而，一种普遍为人们所接受的理论是：宇宙起源于一次大爆炸，这次大爆炸将物质投射到四面八方。After that, atoms began to form and combine to create stars and other bodies.然后，原子开始形成并结合成恒星和其他天体。

For several billion years after the “Big Bang”, the earth was still just a cloud of dust.大爆炸后好几十亿年过去了，但地球还只是一团尘埃。What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.随后它会变成什么没人能知道，直到38—45亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢地形成一个固体的球状物。The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.地球（开始）变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。It exploded loudly with fire and rock.They were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, which were to make the earth's atmosphere.它（地球）猛烈地爆炸喷出了烈火与岩石，最终产生了碳，氮气，水蒸气和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.更为重要的是，地球冷却了下来，地球的表面就开始出现了水。

Water had also appeared on other planets like Mars but, unlike the earth, it had disappeared later.在火星这些其他行星上都出现了水，但和地球不同的是，这些水后来都消失了。It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life.水对于生命的发展会起关键作用，这一点在当时并不明显。What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，使得地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.这就产生了一系列的反应，使得生命就有可能开始发展了。

Many millions of years later, the first extremely small plants began to appear on the surface of the water.好几百万年后，水的表面开始出现了极小的植物。They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen, which encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish.他们繁殖起来就使得海洋充满了氧气，这为早期的贝类及其他各种鱼类后来的进化创造了条件。Next, green plants began to grow on land.They were followed in time by land animals.接着，绿色植物开始出现在陆地上。Some were insects.Others, called amphibians, were able to live on land as well as in the water.随后，陆地上出现了动物，其中有一些是昆虫，另外一些叫两栖动物，他们既能在陆上生活，也能在水里生存。Later when the plants grew into forests, reptiles appeared for the first time.后来，当植物长成了森林的时候，爬行动物首次出现了。They produced young entirely by laying eggs.他们一般是通过孵蛋而繁衍后代的。After that, some huge animals, called dinosaurs, developed.再后来一些叫做恐龙的巨型动物出现了。They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.他们也生蛋，在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。However,65 million years ago the age of the dinosaurs ended.然而，六千五百万年前，恐龙时代结束了。Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.他们为什么会突然灭绝至今仍是个谜。This disappearance made possible the rise of mammals on the earth.恐龙的灭绝使地球上哺乳动物的增多有了可能。These animals were different from all life forms in the past, because they gave birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them.这些动物不同于以往所有的生物形态，因为他们能从体内生产出

幼仔并给幼仔哺乳。

Finally about 2.6 million years ago some small clever animals, now with hands and feet, appeared and spread all over the earth.最后，大约260万年前，一些小巧聪明，长着手脚的动物出现了，他们散布在地球的各个地方。Thus they have, in their turn, become the most important animals on the planet.于是，他们接着成为这个行星上最重要的动物。But they are not looking after the earth very well.然而，他们对地球却不怎么在意，They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.他们把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中，这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。As a result of this, many scientists believe the earth may become too hot to live on.因此，许多科学家相信地球可能会变得太热而不适合生物生存。So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.所以，在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续，取决于这个问题能否得到解决。

12.必修三Unit 4 A VISIT TO THE MOON月球之旅

Last month I was lucky enough to have a chance to make a trip into space with my friend Li Yanping, an astronomer.我的朋友李彦平是一位天文学家。上个月我有幸得到一个机会同他一起去太空旅行。We visited the moon in our spaceship!我们乘宇宙飞船参观了月球。

Before we left, Li Yanping explained to me that the force of gravity would change three times on our journey and that the first change would be the most powerful.在启程以前，李彦平向我解释说，在我们的航行中会有三次引力的改变，而第一次的改变将是最强的。Then we were off.随后我们就起航了。As the rocket rose into the air, we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earth's gravity.随着火箭的升空，由于我们在努力挣脱地球的引力，我们被向后推在座位上。It was so hard that we could not say anything to each other.这种引力太强了，以至于我们彼此间都不能说话了。Gradually the weight lessened and I was able to talk to him.随后，这个力量慢慢减小，我才能够同他讲话。“Why is the spaceship not falling back to the earth? On the earth if I fall from a tree I will fall to the ground.” I asked.我问道：―为什么太空船不会向后朝地球的方向落下去呢？在地球上的时候，如果我从树上掉下来，总会朝地上落下去的。‖ “We are too far from the earth now to feel its pull,” he explained, 李彦平解释说：―现在我们离地球太远了，感觉不到地球的拉力，“so we feel as if there is no gravity at all.所以我们感觉好像没有地球引力了。When we get closer to the moon, we shall feel its gravity pulling us, but it will not be as strong a pull as the earth's.” 当我们更接近月球时，就会感到月球的引力在拉我们。但是，月球的引力不像地球的引力那么大。‖ I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become 33

smaller and the moon larger.我立刻感到很高兴，由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去，我望着（身后的）地球越来越小，而（前方的）月球越来越大。

When we got there, I wanted to explore immediately.我们到达月球时，我就想立即进行探测。“Come on,” I said.“If you are right, my mass will be less than on the earth because the moon is smaller and I will be able to move more freely.―来吧，‖我说，―要是你讲得对，我的重量就会比在地球上小，而我就能够更自由地活动了。I might even grow taller if I stay here long enough.I shall certainly weigh less!” 如果我在月球上呆的时间足够长的话，我甚至可能长得更高，我的体重肯定也会变得更轻！‖I laughed and climbed down the steps from the spaceship.我笑着从飞船的梯级上爬下来。But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟然是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。“Oh dear,” I cried, “walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.” ―天哪，‖我大声说，―重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。‖After a while I got the hang of it and we began to enjoy ourselves.过了一会儿，我才掌握了走路的诀窍，这才开始感到自如了。

Leaving the moon's gravity was not as painful as leaving the earth's.摆脱月球引力不像摆脱地球引力那样痛苦。But returning to the earth was very frightening.但是返回到地球的经历却是非常吓人的。We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earth's gravity increased.我们惊奇地看着，随着地球引力的增加，宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。Again we were pushed hard into our seats as we came back to land.当我们回到地面时，我们又感到被重重地推到在座位上。“That was very exhausting but very exciting too,” I said.我说道：―真是精疲力竭了，但也很激动人心。“Now I know much more about gravity!关于引力，我现在就懂得更多了。Do you think we could visit some stars next time?” 你认为下次我们可以上星球上去参观吗？‖ “Of course,” he smiled, “which star would you like to go to?”―当然可以，‖他笑着说，―你想到哪颗星球上去呢？‖

13.必修三Unit 5 A TRIP ON “THE TRUE NORTH”―真北方‖之旅

Li Daiyu and her cousin Liu Qian were on a trip to Canada to visit their cousins in Montreal on the Atlantic coast.李黛予和她的表妹刘倩要去加拿大大西洋海岸的蒙特利尔市看望他们的表兄妹。Rather than take the aeroplane all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train west to east across Canada.他们不想一路乘飞机，而决定先飞到温哥华，再从西海岸乘

火车横穿加拿大到达东海岸。The thought that they could cross the whole continent was exciting.要横贯整个大陆的想法很是令人兴奋。

Their friend, Danny Lin, was waiting at the airport.朋友林丹妮，在机场等候她们。He was going to take them and their baggage to catch “The True North”, the cross-Canada train.他要带着她们和行李去火车站乘坐横越加拿大的―真北方‖号列车。On the way to the station, he chatted about their trip.在去火车站的路上，林丹妮聊起了她们的旅程：“You're going to see some great scenery.―你们沿途将会看见美丽壮阔的风景。Going eastward, you'll pass mountains and thousands of lakes and forests, as well as wide rivers and large cities.一路向东行，你们会经过一座座山脉，上千个湖泊，森林，还有宽阔的河流和许多大城市。Some people have the idea that you can cross Canada in less than five days, but they forget the fact that Canada is 5,500 kilometres from coast to coast.有人想在不到五天的时间里穿越加拿大，他们忘了加拿大从东海岸到西海岸有5500公里。Here in Vancouver, you're in Canada's warmest part.这儿，温哥华，是加拿大最温暖的地方。People say it is Canada's most beautiful city, surrounded by mountains and the Pacific Ocean.人们说温哥华是加拿大最美丽的城市，被大山和太平洋环抱。Skiing in the Rocky Mountains and sailing in the harbour make Vancouver one of Canada's most popular cities to live in.落基山脉可以滑雪，海港供你扬帆，这些使得温哥华成为加拿大最受欢迎的居住城市之一。Its population is increasing rapidly.这个城市的人口增长很快。The coast north of Vancouver has some of the oldest and most beautiful forests in the world.在温哥华北面的海岸上保存着世界上最古老，最美丽的森林。It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, some measuring over 90 metres.” 那儿的湿度很大，所以树都长得特别高，一些高达90多米。‖

That afternoon aboard the train, the cousins settled down in their seats.那天下午表姐妹俩才登上火车落了座。Earlier that day, when they crossed the Rocky Mountains, they managed to catch sight of some mountain goats and even a grizzly bear and an eagle.火车先是穿越落基山脉，她们总算看到了野山羊，甚至还看见了一只大灰熊和一只鹰。Their next stop was Calgary, which is famous for the Calgary Stampede.她们的下一站是卡尔加里，这个城市因―大西部赛马会‖而闻名。Cowboys from all over the world come to compete in the Stampede.来自世界各地的牛仔们来参加赛马会比赛。Many of them have a gift for riding wild horses and can win thousands of dollars in prizes.他们中许多人都有骑野马的才能，他们能赢得几千美元的奖金。

After two days' travel, the girls began to realize that Canada is quite empty.两天后，他

们开始意识到加拿大人烟稀少。At school, they had learned that most Canadians live within a few hundred kilometres of the USA border, and Canada's population is only slightly over thirty million, but now they were amazed to see such an empty country.他们在学校学过，大多数加拿大人居住在靠近美国几百千米以内的边境地带，加拿大的人口也只有三千万多一点儿。但是现在看到这么空旷的国家，她们很惊讶。They went through a wheat-growing province and saw farms that covered thousands of acres.火车穿过一个种植小麦的省份，他们看到了面积有数千平方英亩的农场。After dinner, they were back in an urban area, the busy port city of Thunder Bay at the top of the Great Lakes.晚饭后，他们又回到城市，位于五大湖区最北端的繁忙的港口城市桑德湾。The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great Lakes.海轮可以开到五大湖，让表姐妹俩感到吃惊。Because of the Great Lakes, they learned, Canada has more fresh water than any other country in the world.他们知道，因为五大湖，加拿大的淡水比世界上任何其他国家都要多。In fact, it has one-third of the world's total fresh water, and much of it is in the Great Lakes.事实上，加拿大拥有全世界三分之一的淡水量，其中大部分都蓄在五大湖泊里。

That night as they slept, the train rushed across the top of Lake Superior, through the great forests and southward towards Toronto.那天夜里她们睡着了，火车越过苏必利尔湖北部，穿过大森林，朝南向多伦多飞驰着。

14.必修三Unit 5 ―THE TURE NORTH‖FROM TORONTO TO MONTREAL多伦多——蒙特利尔的―真北方‖列车

The next morning the bushes and maple trees outside their windows were red, gold and orange, and there was frost on the ground, confirming that fall had arrived in Canada.第二天早上，在她们的车窗外到处是灌木丛和枫树，挂满朱红、赤金和橘黄色的叶子，地面覆盖上一层薄霜，表明秋天已经来到了加拿大。

Around noon they arrived in Toronto, the biggest and most wealthy city in Canada.中午时分，她们来到多伦多——加拿大最大、最富有的城市。They were not leaving for Montreal until later, so they went on a tour of the city.她们要晚些时候才动身去蒙特利尔，因此就在多伦多市内游览了一番。They went up the tall CN Tower and looked across the lake.她们登上了高高的加拿大国家电视塔，俯瞰着下面的湖水。In the distance, they could see the misty cloud that rose from the great Niagara Falls, which is on the south side of the lake.远处，她们可以看到

湖的南边尼亚加拉大瀑布上方升腾着的雾霭。The water flows into the Niagara River and over the falls on its way to the sea.湖水流入尼亚加拉河，再经过大瀑布，流向大海。

They saw the covered stadium, home of several famous basketball teams.她们看到了加顶的大型运动场，那是几支著名的篮球队的驻地。As they walked north from the harbour area, Li Daiyu said, “Lin Fei, one of my mother's old schoolmates, lives here.I should phone her from a telephone booth.”

当她们从港口区向北走的时候，李黛予说：―我妈妈的老同学林菲住在这里，我该到电话亭去给她打个电话。‖

They met Lin Fei around dusk in downtown Chinatown, one of the three in Toronto.大约黄昏时分，她们在市区的中国城见到了林菲，这是多伦多三个中国城中的一个。Over dinner at a restaurant called The Pink Pearl, the cousins chatted with Lin Fei, who had moved to Canada many years earlier.在一个名叫―海珠酒楼‖的餐馆里用餐时，表姐妹和许多年前就移居加拿大的林菲闲聊了起来。“We can get good Cantonese food here,” Lin Fei told them, “because most of the Chinese people here come from South China, especially Hong Kong.林菲告诉她们：―我们在这里可以吃到很好的广东菜，因为这里的大多数中国人来自中国南方，尤其是香港。It's too bad you can't go as far as Ottawa, Canada's capital.很可惜你们不能一直走到加拿大的首都渥太华。It's approximately four hundred kilometres northeast of Toronto, so it would take too long.” 它在多伦多东北方约400公里，要去那儿花时间就太多了。‖

The train left late that night and arrived in Montreal at dawn the next morning.火车在那夜晚些时候起程了，第二天黎明到达了蒙特利尔。At the station, people everywhere were speaking French.火车站里，人们到处说的是法语。There were signs and ads in French, but some of them had English words in smaller letters.指示牌和广告也都是法文的，但有些标注了小字体的英文。“We don't leave until this evening,” said Liu Qian.刘倩说：―我们要到傍晚才动身，‖ “Let's go downtown.Old Montreal is close to the water.” ―不如到市区去走走。蒙特利尔老城区靠近水边‖ They spent the afternoon in lovely shops and visiting artists in their workplaces beside the water.整个下午她们穿梭于布局可爱的商店，还拜访了水边工作坊里的艺术家。As they sat in a buffet restaurant looking over the broad St Lawrence River, a young man sat down with them.当她们坐在咖啡馆里眺望广阔的圣劳伦斯河时，一个年轻人坐在了她们的身边。

“Hello, my name is Henri.I'm a student at the university nearby,” he said, “and I was wondering

where you are from.” 他说，―你们好，我叫亨利，是这里的大学生。请问你们从哪里来？‖ The girls told him they were on a train trip across Canada and that they had only one day in Montreal.姑娘们告诉他，她们是坐火车来旅游的，要横穿加拿大，在蒙特利尔只待一天。“That's too bad,” he said.“Montreal is a city with wonderful restaurants and clubs.他说：―这太糟糕了，蒙特利尔这个城市有极好的餐馆和俱乐部。Most of us speak both English and French, but the city has French culture and traditions.我们大多数人既说英语也说法语，但是这座城市具有法国文化和传统。We love good coffee, good bread and good music.” 我们喜欢好咖啡、好面包和好音乐。‖

That night as the train was speeding along the St Lawrence River toward the Gulf of St Lawrence and down to the distant east coast, the cousins dreamed of French restaurants and red maple leaves.那天晚上，火车沿着圣劳伦斯河疾驰，朝圣劳伦斯湾驶去，一直开到远方的东海岸，姐妹两个做梦都在想着法国餐馆和红色枫叶。

必修四Unit1A STUDENT OF AFRICAN WILDLIFE 非洲野生动物研究者

It is 5:45 am and the sun is just rising over Gombe National Park in East Africa.清晨5点45分，太阳刚从东非的贡贝国家公园的上空升起，Following Jane's way of studying chimps, our group are all going to visit them in the forest.我们一行人准备按照简研究黑猩猩的方法去森林里拜访它们。Jane has studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans.简研究这些黑猩猩家族已经很多年了，她帮助人们了解黑猩猩跟人类的行为是多么的相似。Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day.我们当天的首项任务就是观察黑猩猩一家是如何醒来的。This means going back to the place where we left the family sleeping in a tree the night before.这意味着我们要返回前一天晚上我们离开黑猩猩一家睡觉的大树旁。Everybody sits and waits in the shade of the trees while the family begins to wake up and move off.大家坐在树荫下等待着，这时候猩猩们睡醒了，准备离开。Then we follow as they wander into the forest.然后这群黑猩猩向森林深处漫步而去，我们尾随其后。Most of the time, chimps either feed or clean each other as a way of showing love in their family.在大部分时间里，黑猩猩或相互喂食，或彼此擦身，这在它们的家庭里是表示爱的方式。Jane warns us that our group is going to be very tired and dirty by the afternoon and she is right.简预先提醒我们，到下午的时候我们就会又脏又累。她说对了。However, the evening makes it all worthwhile.不过到傍晚时分我们觉得这一切都是值得的。We watch the mother chimp and her babies play in the tree.Then we see them go to sleep together in their nest for the night.我们看到黑猩猩妈妈跟她的幼子们在树上玩耍，后来看见它们晚上一起回窝里睡觉了。We realize that the bond between members of a chimp family is as strong as in a human family.我明白了猩猩家庭成员之间的联系像人类家庭一样紧密。

Nobody before Jane fully understood chimp behaviour.在简之前没有人完全了解黑猩猩的行为。She spent years observing and recording their daily activities.她花了多年的时间来观察并记录黑猩猩的日常生活。Since her childhood she had wanted to work with animals in their own environment.从孩童时代起，简就想在动物生活的环境中研究它们。However, this was not easy.但是，这不是一件简单的事。When she first arrived in Gombe in 1960, it was unusual for a woman to live in the forest.当她1960年最初来到贡贝时，对女性来说，住进大森林还是很稀罕的事情。Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.她母亲头几个月来帮过她的忙，这才使她得以开始自己的计划。Her work changed the way people think about chimps.她的工作改变了人们对黑猩猩的看法。For example, one important thing she discovered was that chimps hunt and eat meat.比方说，她的一个重要发现是黑猩猩猎食动物。Until then everyone had thought chimps ate only fruit and nuts.在此之前，人们一直认为黑猩猩只吃水果和坚果。She actually observed chimps as a group hunting a monkey and then eating it.而她曾经亲眼看到过一群黑猩猩捕杀一只猴子，然后把它吃掉。She also discovered how chimps communicate with each other, and her study of their body language helped her work out their social system.她还发现了黑猩猩之间是如何交流的，而她对黑猩猩肢体语言的研究帮助她勾勒出黑猩猩的社会体系。

For forty years Jane Goodall has been outspoken about making the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals.40年来，简∙古道尔一直在呼吁世人了解并尊重这些动物的生活。She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements.她主张应该让野生动物留在野外生活，而不能用于娱乐或广告。She has helped to set up special places where they can live safely.她还为黑猩猩建起了可以安全生活的保护区。She is leading a busy life but she says: 她的生活是忙忙碌碌的，然而，39

正如她所说的：“Once I stop, it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories.It's terrible.―我一旦停下来，所有的一切都会涌上心头。我就会想起实验室的黑猩猩，太可怕了。It affects me when I watch the wild chimps.每当我看着野生黑猩猩时，这个念头总是萦绕着我。I say to myself, 'Aren't they lucky?” 我会对自己说：‗难道它们不幸运吗？‘ And then I think about small chimps in cages though they have done nothing wrong.然后我就想起那些没有任何过错却被关在笼子里的小黑猩猩。Once you have seen that you can never forget...“一旦你看到这些，你就永远不会忘记……‖

She has achieved everything she wanted to do: working with animals in their own environment, gaining a doctor's degree and showing that women can live in the forest as men can.简已经得到了她想要得到的一切：在动物的栖息地工作；获得博士学位；还向世人证明女人和男人一样也能在森林里生活。She inspires those who want to cheer the achievements of women.她激励着人们为妇女们的成就而欢呼喝彩。

必修四Unit 1 WHY NOT CARRY ON HER GOOD WORK? 为什么不继续她的事业？

I enjoyed English, biology, and chemistry at school, but which one should I choose to study at university? 上学时我喜欢英语、生物和化学，但是我进大学该选哪门专业呢？I did not know the answer until one evening when I sat down at the computer to do some research on great women of China.直到有一天晚上坐在电脑旁研究中国的伟大女性时，我才有了答案。

By chance I came across an article about a doctor called Lin Qiaozhi, a specialist in women's diseases.很偶然地，我看到了一篇关于林巧稚大夫的文章。她是妇科专家，She lived from 1901 to 1983.1901年出生，1983年去世。It seemed that she had been very busy in her chosen career, travelling abroad to study as well as writing books and articles.林巧稚似乎一直都在为自己选择的事业而奔忙，她去国外留学，并写了很多书和文章。One of them caught my eye.其中有一本书引起了我的注意。It was a small book explaining how to cut the death rate from having and caring for babies.这是一本小书，介绍如何从妇女怀孕到护理婴儿的过程中降低死亡率。She gave some simple rules to follow for keeping babies clean, healthy and free from sickness.她提出了一些可以遵循的简单的做法，保持婴儿清洁和健康，让他们远离疾病。Why did she write that? 她为什么要写这些东西呢？ Who were the women that Lin Qiaozhi thought needed this advice? 林巧稚认为哪些妇女会需要这些忠告呢？ I looked carefully at the text and realized that it was intended for women in the countryside.我细细地看了这篇文章，了解到那是为农村妇女写的。Perhaps if they had an emergency they could not reach a doctor.也许是她们在遇到紧急情况时找不到医生。

Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time.突然我想起，在那个年代，一个女子去学医是多么困难啊！That was a generation when girls' education was always placed second to boys'.那可是一个女性受教育总是排在男性之后的年代。Was she so much cleverer than anyone else? 难道她比别人要聪明得多？ Further reading made me realize that it was hard work and determination as well as her gentle nature that got her into medical school.进一步阅读使我了解到，是苦干、决心和善良的天性使她走进医学院的大门。What made her succeed later on was the kindness and consideration she showed to all her patients.后来使她成功的是她对所有病人献出的爱心和体贴。There was story after story of how Lin Qiaozhi, tired after a day's work, went late at night to deliver a baby for a poor family who could not pay her.数不胜数的故事讲述着林巧稚如何在劳累一天之后，又在深夜去为贫苦家庭的产妇接生，而这些家庭是不可能给她报酬的。

By now I could not wait to find out more about her.现在我迫不及待地想多了解一

些有关她的情况。I discovered that Lin Qiaozhi had devoted her whole life to her patients and had chosen not to have a family of her own.我发现林巧稚把毕生都奉献给了病人，而自己却选择了独身。Instead she made sure that about 50,000 babies were safely delivered.她确保了大约五万名婴儿的安全出生。By this time I was very excited.这时候，我非常激动。Why not study at medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and carry on her good work? 为什么不像林巧稚那样去读医学院，继续她高尚的事业呢？It was still not too late for me to improve my studies, prepare for the university entrance examinations, and….现在努力提高学习成绩、准备大学入学考试还不算晚……

必修四Unit2 A PIONEER FOR ALL PEOPLE造福全人类的先驱者

Although he is one of China's most famous scientists, Yuan Longping considers himself a farmer, for he works the land to do his research.尽管是中国最著名的科学家之一，袁隆平仍然认为自己是个农民，因为他在田里耕作，进行科学研究。Indeed, his sunburnt face and arms and his slim, strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers, for whom he has struggled for the past five decades.的确，他被太阳晒得黝黑的脸庞和和手臂，以及他那瘦削而又结实的身躯，就跟其他千百万中国农民一样，过去50年来，他一直在努力帮助他们。Dr Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybrid rice.袁博士种植的是被称为―超级杂交水稻的‖的稻种。In 1974, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output.1974年，他成为世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先锋。This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields.这种特殊的稻种使得同样的田地多收获三分之一的产量。Now more than 60% of the rice produced in China each year is from this hybrid strain.如今中国每年出产的稻米有60%以上出自这种杂交稻种。

Born in a poor farmer's family in 1930, Dr Yuan graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953.袁博士1930年出生，1953年毕业于西南农学院。Since then, finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal.从那时起，找到水稻高产的方法就成为他一生的目标。As a young man, he saw the great need for increasing the rice output.年轻时，他就看到了稻田增产的巨大需求。At that time, hunger was a disturbing problem in many parts of the countryside.当时，饥荒是许多农村地区面临的严重问题。Dr Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields.袁博士要在不增加土地面积的基础上寻求达到增收稻谷的途径。In 1950, Chinese farmers could produce only fifty million tons of rice.1950年，中国农民只能生产五千万吨稻谷，In a recent harvest, however, nearly two hundred million tons of rice was produced.而近来却生产了将近两亿吨稻谷。These increased harvests mean that 22% of the world's people are fed from just 7% of the farmland in China.这一粮食产量的增加意味着中国仅仅7%的耕地养活了世界22%的人口。Dr Yuan is now circulating his knowledge in India, Vietnam and many other less developed countries to increase their rice harvests.袁博士现在在印度、越南和很多其他欠发达国家传播提高水稻产量的知识。Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger.多亏了他的研究，联合国在消除世界饥饿的战斗中有了更多的办法。Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.用他的杂交水稻种子，农民种出的粮食比以前多了一倍。

Dr Yuan is quite satisfied with his life.袁博士很满意他的生活。However, he doesn't care about being famous.He feels it gives him less freedom to do his research.但是，他对成名并不在意，并且觉得出名后搞科研就不那么自由了。He would much rather keep time for his hobbles.他宁愿把时间花在自己的业余爱好上。He enjoys listening to violin music, playing mah-jong, 41

swimming and reading.他喜欢听小提琴乐曲、打麻将、游泳和读书。Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him.在自己身上花钱或者享受舒适的生活对袁博士来说意义不大。Indeed, he believes that a person with too much money has more rather than fewer troubles.事实上，他认为一个人有了太多钱，他的麻烦事只会更多，而不是更少。He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture.于是，他拿出好几百万元帮助其他人进行农业科学研究。

Just dreaming for things, however, costs nothing.梦想是不花本钱的。Long ago Dr yuan had a dream about rice plants as tall as sorghum.Each ear of rice was as big as an ear of corn and each grain of rice was as huge as a peanut.很久以前，袁博士曾在梦里看到水稻长得像高粱一样高，稻穗跟玉米穗一样大，而每粒稻谷像花生米一样大。Dr Yuan awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people.袁博士从梦中醒来，希望能种植一种能养活更多人的水稻。Now, many years later, Dr Yuan has another dream: to export his rice so that it can be grown around the globe.在很多年后的今天，袁博士还有另外一个梦想，那就是他的稻谷可以出口并长遍全球。One dream is not always enough, especially for a person who loves and cares for his people.一个梦想总是不够的，尤其对一个热爱和关心人民的人来说更是如此。

必修四Unit2 CHEMICAL OR ORGANIC FARMING? 化学耕作还是有机耕作？

Over the past half century, using chemical fertilizers has become very common in farming.在过去的半个世纪里，在耕作中使用化肥已经非常普遍。Many farmers welcomed them as a great way to stop crop disease and increase production.很多农民喜欢使用化肥。把化肥作为防治农作物病虫害和提高产量的重要手段。Recently, however, scientists have been finding that long-term use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and, even more dangerous, to people's health.然而，最近科学家发现长期使用这些肥料会造成土地受损，甚至更危险的是，会对人们的健康造成危害。

What are some of the problems caused by chemical fertilizers? 化肥带来的问题有哪些呢？ First, they damage the land by killing the helpful bacteria and pests as well as the harmful ones.首先，化肥在杀死病菌和害虫的同时也会杀死有益的细菌和昆虫，从而破坏土地。Chemicals also stay in the ground and underground water for a long time.化学物质还会在地里和地下水中保存很长时间，This affects crops and, therefore, animals and humans, since chemicals get inside the crops and cannot just be washed off.而这会影响到庄稼，进而影响到动物和人类，因为化学成分会进入到农作物中，并且不能被冲洗掉。These chemicals in the food supply build up in people's bodies over time.随着时间的推移，食物中的这些化学成分会在人体中堆积。Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses.很多化学成分能导致癌症或其他疾病。In addition, fruit, vegetables and other food grown with chemical fertilizers usually grow too fast to be full of much nutrition.另外，施过化肥的水果、蔬菜和其他食物通常生长得过快而营养不足。They may look beautiful, but inside there is usually more water than vitamins and minerals.它们表面上很好看，但里面通常是含过多的水分，而不是维生素和矿物质。

With these discoveries, some farmers and many customers are beginning to turn to organic farming.由于这些发现，一些农民和消费者开始转向有机耕作。Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals.有机耕作就是不用任何化学肥料的耕作。They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease.农民关心的是保持土壤肥沃并且免受病害。A healthy soil reduces disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy.健康的土壤会减少病虫

害并且帮助农作物茁壮成长。Organic farmers, therefore, often prefer using natural waste from animals as fertilizer.因此，有机耕作的农民通常喜欢把天然的动物粪便当作肥料。They feel that this makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals and so more fertile.他们认为这样会使地里的土壤更富含矿物质，因而也会更加肥沃，This also keeps the air, soil, water and crops free from chemicals.同时还可以让空气、土壤、水以及农作物不受化学物质的污染。

Organic farmers also use many other methods to keep the soil fertile.有机耕作的农民也使用很多其他的方法来保持土地肥沃。They often change the kind of crop in each field every few years, for example, growing corn or wheat and then the next year peas or soybeans.在同一块地里，他们经常每隔几年就换种农作物。例如，种玉米和小麦后来年再改种豌豆或大豆。Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil, making it ready for crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil.像豌豆或大豆这样的农作物将重要的矿物质带回土壤，从而使之适宜于种植要求土地肥沃的农作物，比如玉米或小麦。Organic farmers also plant crops to use different levels of soil, for example, planting peanuts that use the ground's surface followed by vegetables that put down deep roots.有机耕作的农民还种植多种农作物来利用不同层次的土壤。比如，他们先种植生长于浅层土壤的花生，然后再种植生根于深层土壤的蔬菜。Some organic farmers prefer planting grass between crops to prevent wind or water from carrying away the soil, and then leaving it in the ground to become a natural fertilizer for the next year's crop还有一些有机耕作者喜欢在农作物之间种草，以防止水土流失，并且把草留在地里，从而成为来年农作物的天然肥料。These many different organic farming methods have the same goal: to grow good food and avoid damaging the environment or people's health.这些不同的有机耕作的方法有着同样的目标：种植好的粮食，避免损害环境或者人们的健康。

必修四Unit 3 A MASTER OF NONVERBAL HUMOUR无声的幽默的大师

As Victor Hugo once said, ”Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face“,维克多·雨果曾经说过：―笑容如同阳光，驱散人们脸上的阴霾‖and up to now nobody has been able to do this better than Charlie Chaplin.关于这一点，直到今天也没有人比查理·卓别林做的更好。He brightened the lives of Americans and British through two world wars and the hard years in between.在两次世界大战及中间艰苦的岁月里，他给英国和美国人民带来了快乐。He made people laugh at a time when they felt depressed, so they could feel more content with their lives.在人们感到沮丧的时候，查理使人们开怀大笑，于是他们对自己的生活感到更加满足。

Not that Charlie's own life was easy!然而卓别林自己的生活也并不容易。He was born in a poor family in 1889.His parents were both poor music hall performers.他生于1889年，出身贫寒。他的父母都是杂耍戏院里贫穷的演员。You may find it astonishing that Charlie was taught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk.你可能会感到惊奇，查理刚会说话时大人就教他唱歌，他刚会走路时大人就教他跳舞。Such training was common in acting families at this time, especially when the family income was often uncertain.这样的训练在当时的演员家庭中是很普遍的，尤其是在家庭收入经常不稳定的时候。Unfortunately his father died, leaving the family even worse off, so Charlie spent his childhood looking after his sick mother and his brother.不幸的是他的父亲去世了，使得他的家庭更加艰难，所以查理在童年时期就要照顾生病的母亲和弟弟。By his teens, Charlie had, through his humour, become one of the most popular child actors in England.在十多岁的时候，凭借着自己的幽默，查理已经在英国成为最受欢迎的童星之一。He could mime and act the fool doing ordinary everyday tasks.他能够不说话而仅靠动作来模仿傻子做日常的任务。No one was ever

bored watching him-his subtle acting made everything entertaining.看他的表演没有人会感到无聊——他巧妙的表演使得一切都那么滑稽可笑。

As time went by, he began making films..随着时间的推移，他开始拍电影。He grew more and more popular as his charming character, the little tramp, became known throughout the world.他塑造的可爱的―小流浪汉‖角色开始闻名于世，而查理越来越受欢迎。The tramp, a poor, homeless man with a moustache, wore large trousers, worn-out shoes and a small round black hat.He walked around stilly carrying a walking stick.这个穷苦的无家可归的小流浪汉，留着小胡子，穿着大裤子、破鞋子，头顶着黑色的小圆帽。他手里拿着一根手杖迈着僵硬的步伐四处走动。This character was a social failure but was loved for his optimism and determination to overcome all difficulties.这个角色是个社会生活中的失败者，但他乐观的精神和战胜困难的决心使他受到人们的喜爱。He was the underdog who was kind even when others were unkind to him.面对并不善待他的人，这个弱者依然保持友善的态度。

How did the little tramp make a sad situation entertaining? 然而这个小流浪汉是如何把悲凉的遭遇变得滑稽可笑的呢？ Here is an example from one of his most famous films, The Gold Rush.这里有一个例子，来自于他最著名的电影之一《淘金记》。It is the mid-nineteenth century and gold has just been discovered in California.19世纪中叶，在加利福尼亚州发现了金子。Like so many others, the little tramp and his friend have rushed there in search of gold, but without success.像其他很多人一样，小流浪汉和他的朋友也涌向那里去淘金，但却没有成功。Instead they are hiding in a small hut on the edge of a mountain during a snowstorm with nothing to eat.相反，他们被暴风雪困在山边的一个小木屋中，没有任何东西可吃。They are so hungry that they try boiling a pair of leather shoes for their dinner.他们饿极了，只好煮了一双皮鞋来充饥。Charlie first picks out the laces and eats them as if they were spaghetti.查理首先挑出鞋带来吃，像吃意大利面条一样。Then he cuts off the leather top of the shoe as if it were the finest steak.然后他把皮鞋上端的皮子切下来，就像切下一块最好的牛排。Finally he tries cutting and chewing the bottom of the shoe.最后他试着把鞋底割下来嚼着吃。He eats each mouthful with great enjoyment.他每一口都嚼得津津有味。The acting is so convincing that it makes you believe that it is one of the best meals he has ever tasted!查理的表演是那么有说服力，以至于你会相信这顿饭是他所吃过的最美味的一餐！

Charlie Chaplin wrote, directed and produced the films he starred in.查理·卓别林自编、自导、自制他主演的电影。In 1972 he was given a special Oscar for his outstanding work in films.1972年他被授予奥斯卡特别奖，以表彰他在电影界的杰出工作。He lived in England and the USA but spent his last years in Switzerland, where he was buried in 1977.他生活在英国和美国，却在瑞士度过了生命中最后的日子，并于1977年安葬在那里。He is loved and remembered as a great actor who could inspire people with great confidence人们热爱和怀念这位伟大的演员，因为他鼓舞人们并增强他们的信心。

必修四Unit3英语笑话

Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson went camping in a mountainous area.夏洛克·福尔摩斯和华生医生去山区野营。They were lying in the open air under the stars.他们在山区一块露天的地上躺了下来，头上顶着星星。Sherlock Holmes looked up at the stars and whispered, ”Watson, when you look at that beautiful sky, what do you think of?“ 夏洛克·福尔摩斯仰望着星空，轻声地说道：―华生，当你望着美丽的天空时，你想到了什么？‖ Watson replied, ”I think of how short life is and how long the universe has lasted.“ 华生回答说：―我想到生命是如此的短促，而宇宙却是如此的漫长。‖”No, no, Watson!“ Holmes said.”What do you really think of?.“ ―不，不对，44

华生！‖福尔摩斯说，―你到底想到了什么？‖ Watson tried again.”I think of how small I am and how vast the sky is.“ 于是华生又试着回答：―我想到我是如此的渺小，而天空是如此的广阔。‖”Try again, Watson!“ said Holmes.―再回答一次，华生！‖福尔摩斯说。Watson tried a third time.”I think of how cold the universe is and how warm people can be in their beds.“ 华生试着第三次回答了：―我想到宇宙是如此的寒冷，而人们睡在床上是如此的暖和。Holmes said, ”Watson, you fool!You should be thinking that someone has stolen our tent!“福尔摩斯说：―华生，你这个傻瓜！你应该想到有人把我们的帐篷偷走。‖

必修四Unit4 COMMUNICATION: NO PROBLEM? 交际：没有问题了吗？

Yesterday, another student and I, representing our university's student association, went to the Capital International Airport to meet this year's international students.昨天，我和另一个学生代表我们学校的学生会，到首都国际机场迎接今年的留学生。They were coming to study at Beijing University.We would take them first to their dormitories and then to the student canteen.他们来北京大学学习。我们会首先把他们带到宿舍，然后去学生食堂。After half an hour of waiting for their flight to arrive, I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously.在等了半个小时之后，我看见几个年轻人走进了等候区，好奇地向四周张望。I stood for a minute watching them and then went to greet them.站着观察了他们一分钟后，我便走过去跟他们打招呼。

The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain.第一个到达的是从哥伦比亚来的托尼∙加西亚，随后紧跟着的是英国的朱莉娅∙史密斯。After I met them and then introduced them to each other, I was very surprised.在与他们碰面并介绍他们彼此认识之后，我（对看到的情景）感到很吃惊。Tony approached Julia, touched her shoulder and kissed her on the cheek!托尼走进朱莉娅，摸了摸她的肩，亲了亲她的脸！She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands, as if in defence.她后退了几步，看上去有些吃惊，并举起了手，好像是在自卫。I guessed that there was probably a major misunderstanding.我猜想这里可能有个很大的误会。Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in smiling, together with George Cook from Canada.随后，来自日本的永田明微笑着走了进来，同时进来的还有加拿大的乔治∙库克。As they were introduced, George reached his hand out to the Japanese student.当我为他们做介绍时，乔治把手伸向了这位日本学生。Just at that moment, however, Akira bowed so his nose touched George's moving hand.然而，就在那时，永田明正在鞠躬，所以他的鼻子碰到了乔治伸过来的手。They both apologizednot all members of a culture behave in the same way.然而，我发现身体语言的文化习俗是多元的——同一个（民族）文化中也并非所有成员的行为都一样。In general, though, studying international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in today's world of cultural crossroads!但总的来说，在当今文化交融的世界，学习不同国家的习俗肯定能帮助我们避免交往中的困难。必修四Unit 4 SHOWING OUR FEELINGS表达我们的情感

Body language is one of the most powerful means of communication, often even more powerful than spoken language.身体语言是最强有力的交际手段之一，甚至经常比口头语言更有力量。People around the world show all kinds of feelings, wishes and attitudes that they might never speak aloud.世界各地的人们表达各种各样的情感、愿望和态度，他们可能从来不会大声地说出来。It is possible to ”read“ others around us, even if they do not intend for us to catch their unspoken communication.―读懂‖我们周围的人的意思是有可能的，即便是人们并不想让我们捕捉到他们没有说出来的信息。Of course, body language can be misread, but many gestures and actions are universal.当然，身体语言可能会被误读，但是很多手势和动作都具有普遍性。

The most universal facial expression is, of course, the smile – its function is to show happiness and put people at ease.最普遍通用的面部表情当然是微笑——其作用是表示快乐和安人心境。It does not always mean that we are truly happy, however.然而微笑并不总是意味着我们是真的快乐。Smiles around the world can be false, hiding other feelings like anger, fear or worry.世界上的微笑可能是假的，用来掩盖其他情绪，比如生气、害怕或烦恼。There are unhappy smiles, such as when someone ”loses face" and smiles to hide it.还有不愉快的微笑，比如当某人―丢了面子‖就会用微笑来掩饰。However, the general purpose of smiling is to show good feelings.但是，微笑的一般目的就是表达好的情绪。

From the time we are babies, we show unhappiness or anger by frowning.从孩提时候起，我们就通过皱眉来表示不高兴或者愤怒。In most places around the world, frowning and turning one's back to someone shows anger.在世界上大多数地方，皱眉或者背对着某人都表示发怒。Making a fist and shaking it almost always means that someone is angry and threatening another

person.把手握紧，朝着别人晃拳头几乎总是意味着愤怒并且威胁别人。

There are many ways around the world to show agreement, but nodding the head up and down is used for agreement, almost worldwide.世界上有很多方式用来表示同意，但是几乎全世界都用点头来表示同意。Most people also understand that shaking the head from side to side means disagreement or refusal.大多数人也知道摇头表示不同意或拒绝做某事。

How about showing that I am bored? 如何来表示我很厌烦呢？ Looking away from people or yawning will, in most cases, make me appear to be uninterested.在多数情况下，把眼光从人们身上移开或者打个哈欠，会使我看上去（对此人或此事）不感兴趣。However, if I turn toward and look at someone or something, people from almost every culture will think that I am interested.但是如果我转身并看着某人或某物，几乎每一个文化背景的人都会认为我（对此人或此事）感兴趣。If I roll my eyes and turn my head away, I most likely do not believe what I am hearing or do not like it.如果我转动着眼球，把头扭到一边，很可能是我不相信或者是不喜欢所听到的话。

Being respectful to people is subjective, based on each culture, but in general it is probably not a good idea to give a hug to a boss or teacher.根据每一种文化，对人们表示尊重都是带有主观性的。但是一般来说，拥抱你的老板或老师很可能是不妥当的。In almost every culture, it is not usually good to stand too close to someone of a higher rank.几乎在每一种文化里，站得离级别更高的人太近都不太好。Standing at a little distance with open hands will show that I am willing to listen.站得有一定的距离，把手微微张开，会表示我愿意倾听。

With so many cultural differences between people, it is great to have some similarities in body language.人们之间的文化差异如此之多，但好在身体语言有一些相似之处。We can often be wrong about each other, so it is an amazing thing that we understand each other as well as we do!尽管我们常常会彼此误解，但我们仍能做到彼此理解，这真是件令人惊奇的事！

必修四Unit 5 THEME PARKS — FUN AND MORE THAN FUN主题公园——是娱乐，又不仅仅是娱乐

Which theme park would you like to visit? 你想要参观哪一个主题公园呢？There are various kinds of theme parks, with a different park for almost everything: food, culture, science, cartoons, movies or history.（世界上）有各种各样的主题公园，不同的公园有不同的主题，但几乎囊括了一切：食物、文化、科学、卡通、电影及历史。Some parks are famous for having the biggest or longest roller coasters, others for showing the famous sights and sounds of a culture.有一些主题公园因为有最大或者最长的过山车而闻名，有些则展示了文化中那些著名的声音和视觉景象。Whichever and whatever you like, there is a theme park for you!不论你喜欢哪一个，不管你喜欢什么，都会有一个适合你的主题公园！

The theme park you are probably most familiar with is Disneyland.你最熟悉的主题公园很可能就是迪斯尼乐园吧。It can be found in several parts of the world.世界上好几个地方都有迪斯尼乐园。It will bring you into a magical wo rld and make your dreams come true, whether traveling through space, visiting a pirate ship or meeting your favourite fairy tale or Disney cartoon character.无论你是在太空遨游，参观海盗船，还是邂逅你最喜欢的童话故事或者迪斯尼卡通里的人物，迪斯尼会把你带入一个魔幻的世界，使你的梦想变成现实。As you wander around the fantasy amusement park, you may see Snow White or Mickey Mouse in a parade or on the street.当你在游乐园漫步时，你可能会在游行队伍中或者街上看到白雪公主或米老鼠。Of course Disneyland also has many exciting rides, from giant swinging ships to terrifying free-fall drops.当然，迪斯尼还有很多颇具刺激性的游乐设施，比如巨大的吊船和

可怕的自由落体（设施）。With all these attractions, no wonder tourism is increasing wherever there is a Disneyland.有所有这么多引人入胜的东西，难怪哪里有迪斯尼乐园，哪里的旅游业就会兴旺。If you want to have fun and more than fun, come to Disneyland!如果你想尽情娱乐，而且有更多的收获，那就来迪斯尼乐园吧！

Dollywood, in the beautiful Smoky Mountains in the southeastern USA, is one of the most unique theme parks in the world.位于美国东南部美丽的斯莫基山脉中的多莱坞，是世界上最独特的主题公园之一。Dollywood shows and celebrates America's traditional southeastern culture.多莱坞展示并欢庆美国东南地区的传统文化。Although Dollywood has rides, the park's main attraction is its culture.尽管这里也有供搭乘的游乐设施，但是公园最具吸引力的还是它的文化。Famous country music groups perform there all year in indoor and outdoor theatres.著名的乡村音乐乐团全年都会在露天或室内的剧院演出。People come from all over America to see carpenters and other craftsmen make wood, glass and iron objects in the old-fashioned way.美国各地的人们来到这里，是为了观看木匠或其他工匠们用老式的方法制作木制品、玻璃制品和铁制品。Visit the candy shop to try the same kind of candy that American southerners made 150 years ago, or take a ride on the only steam-engine train still working in the southeast USA.还可以到糖果店品尝一下糖果，这些糖果和150年前美国南方人制作的一模一样。或者乘一乘蒸汽火车，这可是在美国东南部依然运转的唯一一辆蒸汽火车。You can even see beautiful bald eagles in the world's largest bald eagle preserve.你甚至可以在世界上最大的秃鹰保护区欣赏到美丽的秃鹰。And for those who like rides, Dollywood has one of the best old wooden roller coasters, Thunderhead.It is world-famous for having the most length in the smallest space.多莱坞为那些喜欢乘坐搭乘设施的人提供了最好的老式木质过山车之一——雷暴云砧。Come to Dollywood to have fun learning all about America's historical southeastern culture!它因为在最小的空间内拥有最长的长度而闻名于世。来多莱坞尽情了解所有的美国东南地区的历史文化吧！

If you want to experience the ancient days and great deeds of English knights and ladies, princes and queens, then England's Camelot Park is the place for you.如果你想体验远古时代并且感受英国骑士、贵妇、王子和王后的高贵举止，那么英国的卡默洛特公园对你而言就再适合不过了。Every area of the park is modelled after life in the days of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table.园内所有景区都是按照亚瑟王和圆桌骑士生活的时代复制的。In one place, you can watch magic shows with Merlin the Wizard.在有的地方，你还能和大魔术师梅林一起观看魔术表演。If you want to see fighting with swords or on horseback, then the jousting area is a good place to visit.如果你想观看剑术或马上格斗，格斗区是一个值得去的好地方。If you do well there, King Arthur may choose you to fight in the big jousting tournament.如果你在那表现好的话，亚瑟王可能会挑选你参加大型的格斗联赛。Do you like animals? 你喜欢动物吗？Then visit the farm area, and learn how people in ancient England ran their farms and took care of their animals.那就来农场区参观吧。在这里你可以了解到古英格兰人是如何打理他们的农场以及照看他们的动物的。To enter a world of fantasy about ancient England, come to Camelot Park!进入古英格兰的梦幻世界吗？那就来卡默洛特公园吧！

必修四Unit 5 FUTUROSCOP —EXCITEMENT AND LEARNING―观测未来‖——刺激与求学

Last week I took a journey deep into space, to the end of the solar system, and was pulled into a black hole.上周我进行了一次深入太空的旅行。我来到了太阳系的尽头，被拖进了一个黑洞里。Then I took a trip to Brazil and experienced surviving an airplane crash in the jungle.然后 48

我游览了巴西，感受了坠机后在丛林中求生的滋味。After that, I joined some divers and went to the bottom of the ocean to see strange blind creatures that have never seen sunlight.随后，我跟着一些潜水者潜入海底观看从未见过阳光的奇怪的失明的生物。For a break, I took part in some car racing and then skied down some of the most difficult mountains in the world.作为间歇，我参加了一个赛车比赛，然后来到世界上最险要的山上滑雪。I ended my travels by meeting face to face with a dinosaur, the terrible T-Rex, and survived the experience!最后，我面对面地遭遇了一只恐龙——可怕的霸王龙，在死里逃生之后，我的旅行也结束了。

I did all this in one great day at Futuroscope.在―观测未来‖主题公园，我在一天之内就做完了所有这些事情。Opened in 1987, Futuroscope is one of the largest space-age parks in the world.―观测未来‖于1987年开放，是世界上最大的太空时代主题公园之一。This science and technology-based theme park in France uses the most advanced technology.这个以科技为基础的法国主题公园使用了最先进的技术。Its 3-D cinemas and giant movie screens provide brand new experiences of the earth and beyond.它的立体电影以及那巨大的电影屏幕能为人们提供在地球上以及超越地球的全新体验。Visitors can get close to parts of the world they have never experienced, going to the bottom of the ocean, flying through the jungle or visiting the edges of the solar system.参观者可以接触到他们从来没有经历过的世界的角落，比如潜入海底，飞跃丛林，或者参观太阳系的边缘地带。The amazing, up-to-date information together with many opportunities for hands-on learning makes the world come to life in a completely new way for visitors.这些让人惊讶的最新的信息加上大量动手实践学习的机会，让世界以一种全新的方式展现在游人面前。Learning centres throughout the park let visitors try their own scientific experiments, as well as learn more about space travel, the undersea world and much more.遍布公园的学习中心可以让参观者尝试做他们自己的科学实验，与此同时可以学到更多关于太空旅行、海底世界等的知识。

I bought tickets for myself and my friends at the park's entrance, but tickets are also available online.我在公园的入口处给自己和朋友买的票，但是也可以在网上购票。Futuroscope is not only for individuals, but is also the perfect mix of fun and learning for class outings.―观测未来‖主题公园不仅仅适合个人（旅游），也适合学生全班出游，因为它是娱乐和学习的完美结合。Classes or other large groups that let Futuroscope know their plans in advance can get the group admission rate.班级或者大的团体如果提前让―观测未来‖知道他们的计划，还可以拿到团体入场价格。For anyone coming from out of town, Futuroscope has many excellent hotels nearby, most of which provide a shuttle service to the park.―观测未来‖附近为那些从城外来的游客准备了很多很好的旅馆，而且大多数旅馆都提供往返公园的车辆服务。If driving, Futuroscope is within easy reach of the freeway.如果开车（也很方便），―观测未来‖就在高速公路附近。Plan your trip well before starting, since Futuroscope has so many shows, activities and great souvenir shops that it is difficult to see them all.在出发之前好好计划一下你的旅行，因为―观测未来‖里面的表演、活动和好的纪念品商店太多了，所有要全部游览完是很难的。Come ready to walk a lotso expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.约翰·斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛，因而成为照料维多利亚女王的私人医生。But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.但他一想到要帮助那些得了霍乱的普通百姓时，他就感到很振奋。This was the deadly disease of its day.霍乱在当时是最致命的疾病，Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.每次霍乱暴发时，就有大批惊恐的老百姓死去。John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem.约翰·斯诺想面对这个挑战，解决这个问题。He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found.他知道，在找到病源之前，霍乱疫情是无法控制的。

He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people.斯诺对霍乱致人死地的两种推测都很感兴趣。The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air.A cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims.一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中繁殖着，像一股危险的气体到处漂浮，直到找到病毒的受害者为止。The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.第二种看法是人们在吃饭的时候把这种病毒引入体内的。From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died.病从胃里发作而迅速殃及全身，患者就会很快地死去。

John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence.斯诺推测第二种说法是正确的，但他需要证据。So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready to begin his enquiry.因此，在1854年伦敦再次暴发霍乱的时候，约翰·斯诺着手准备对此进行调研。As the disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods, he began to gather information.当霍乱在贫民区迅速蔓延的时候，约翰·斯诺就开始收集资料。In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.他发现特别在两条街道上霍乱流行的很严重，在10天之内就死去了500多人。He was determined to find out why.他决心要查明其原因。

First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people had lived.首先，他在一张地图上标明了所有死者住过的地方。This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease.这提供了一条说明霍乱起因的很有价值的线索。Many of the deaths were near the water pump in Broad Street(especially numbers 16, 37, 38 and 40).许多死者是住在宽街的水泵附近（特别是这条街上16、37、38、40号）。He also noticed that some houses(such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street)had had no deaths.他发现有些住宅（如宽街上20号和21号以及剑桥街上的8号和9号）却无人死亡。He had not foreseen this, so he made further 50

第四篇：高中英语选修八课文及翻译

选修8 Unit 1 A land of diversity-Reading

CALIFORNIA California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population.It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world.The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home.This diversity of culture is not surprising when you know the history of California.Unit1 加利福尼亚

加利福尼亚是美国的第三大州，而且是人口最多的州。加州与众不同之处在于它也是美国最具多元文化的一个州，它吸引了来自世界各地的人们。这些移民的风俗习惯以及语言在他们的新家都得以延续。当你了解了加利福尼亚的历史后，你就不会对此感到惊讶了。NATIVE AMERCANS

Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows.However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times.In the 16th century, after the arrival of the Europeans, the native people suffered greatly.Thousands were killed or forced into slavery.In addition, many died from the diseases brought by the Europeans.However, some survived these terrible times, and today there are more

Native Americans living in California than in any other state.美洲土著人

最早的一批人具体是在什么时候来到我们现在所知道的加利福尼亚地区的，谁也说不清楚。然而，很可能至少在15 ,000年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。科学家们认为，这些迁居者通过一条史前时代曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。欧洲人在16世纪来到这儿后，土著人遭受了极大的苦难，成千上万的人被杀害或被迫成为奴隶。此外，欧洲人带来了疾病，使许多人染病而死，不过，还是有一些人在经历了这些恐怖时期后活下来了。今天住在加利福尼亚的美洲土著人比任何其他州的都要多。

THE SPANISH In the 18th century California was ruled by Spain.Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century, when they fought against the native people and took their land.Two centuries later, the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States.Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives.In 1821, the people of Mexico gained their independence from Spain.California then became part of Mexico.In 1846 the United States declared war on Mexico, and after the war won by the USA, Mexico had to give California to the USA.However, there is still a strong Spanish influence in the state.That is why today over 40 of

Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.西班牙人

在18世纪的时候，加利福尼亚是由西班牙统治的西班牙士兵最早是在1 6世纪初期来到南美洲的，他们同土著人打仗，并夺去了他们的土地3两个世纪以后，西班牙人在南美洲的大部分地区定居下来，而且还在我们现在称之为美国的西北沿海地区住下来c在首批移

居加州的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士，他们的职责是向原住民传授天主教。1821年，墨西哥人从西班牙获得了独立-加利福尼亚于是成了墨西哥的一部分。1846年美国向墨西哥宣战，美国赢得战争胜利后，墨西哥被迫把加利福尼亚割让给美国。但是，这个州至今仍然保留着很强的西班牙的影响。这就是为什么今天还有40%的加利福尼亚人仍然把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的缘故。

RUSSIANS In the early 1800s, Russian hunters, who had originally gone to Alaska, began settling in California.Today there are about 25,000 Russian-Americans living in and around San Francisco.俄罗斯人

19世纪初期，一批最初到阿拉斯加的俄罗斯猎人开始在加利福尼亚定居下来。今天，住在圣弗朗西斯科（旧金山）及其周边地区的美籍俄罗斯人约有25,000人。GOLD MINERS In 1848, not long after the American-Mexican war, gold was discovered in

California.The dream of becoming rich quickly attracted people from all over the world.The nearest, and therefore the first to arrive, were South Americans and people from the United States.Then adventurers from Europe and Asia soon followed.In fact, few achieved their dream of becoming rich.Some died or returned home, but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship.They settled in the new towns or on farms.By the time California elected to become the thirty-first federal state of the USA in 1850, it was already a multicultural society.淘金矿工

1848年，在美国同墨西哥开战之后不久，在加利福尼亚发现了金矿。发财梦很快就吸引了世界各地的人。距离最近因而来得最早的是南美洲人和美国人。随后跟着来的有欧洲和亚洲的探险家。事实上很少有人圆了发财梦。一些人死了或回家了，但是尽管条件十分艰苦，多数人还是留在了加利福尼亚劳作谋生，并在新的城镇或农场里定居下来。到1850年加利福尼亚成为美国第31个州的时候，它已经是一个有着多种文化的社会了。

LATER A RRIVALS Although Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush Period, it was the building of the rail network from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s.Today, Chinese-Americans live in all parts of California, although a large

percentage have chosen to stay in the “Chinatowns” of Los Angeles and San Francisco.Other immigrants such as Italians, mainly fishermen but also wine makers, arrived in California in the late 19th century.In 1911 immigrants from Denmark established a town of their own, which today still keeps up their Danish culture.By the 1920s the film industry was well established in Hollywood, California.The industry boom attracted Europeans including many Jewish people.Today California has the second largest Jewish population in the United States.Japanese farmers began arriving in California at the beginning of the 20th century, and since the 1980s a lot more have settled there.People from Africa have been living in California since the 1800s, when they moved north from Mexico.However, even more arrived between 1942 and 1945 to work in the ship and aircraft industries.后来的移民

虽然中国移民在淘金热时期就开始到来了，但是更大批量的移民却是在1 9世纪60年代为了修建贯穿美国东西海岸的铁路而来的。今天，加利福尼亚州各地都有美籍华人，尽管有很大比例的华人还是选择住在洛杉矶和圣弗朗西斯科（旧金山）的“中国城”里。

19世纪后期，其他国家的移民，比如意大利人来到了加利福尼亚，他们主要是渔民，也有制酒工人。1911年，丹麦的移民建立了自己的城镇，至今仍然保留着丹麦文化。20世纪20年代，电影业在加州的

好莱坞建立了起来。这个行业吸引了大量的欧洲人，包括许多犹太人。今天，加利福尼亚的犹太人口在美国占第二位。

日本农民是在20世纪初期开始到加利福尼亚来的，而从20世纪80年代以来就有更多的日本人在加利福尼亚定居了。非洲人从1 9世纪就在加利福尼亚住下来，他们是从墨西哥向北迁来的。然而，更多的非洲人是在1942年至1945年期间来到加利福尼亚的，当时他们是到船厂和飞机厂工作。

MOST RECENT ARRIVALS In more recent decades, California has become home to more people from Asia, including Koreans, Cambodians, Vietnamese and Laotians.Since its beginning in the 1970s, the computer industry has attracted Indians and Pakistanis to California.最近期的移民

在最近的几十年里，加利福尼亚成了更多的亚洲人的家，包括朝鲜人、柬埔寨人、越南人和老挝人。从20世纪70年代以来，计算机工业吸引了印度人和巴基斯坦人来到加州。

THE FUTURE People from different parts of the world, attracted by the climate and the lifestyle, still immigrate to California.It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.未来展望

世界各地的人，由于受到气候条件和生活方式的吸引，仍然在继续迁入加利福尼亚。人们认为，要不了多久，多种国籍的混合将会非常之大，以致不可能存在一种主要的种族或文化群体，而是多种族、多文化的混合体。

GEORGE’S DIARY 12TH—14TH JUNE Monday 12th, June Arrived early this morning by bus.Went straight to hotel to drop my luggage, shower and shave.Then went exploring.First thing was a ride on a cable car.From top of the hill got a spectacular view of San Francisco Bay and the city.Built in 1873, the cable car system was invented by Andrew Hallidie, who wanted to find a better form of transport than horse-drawn trams.Apparently he'd been shocked when he saw a terrible accident in which a tram's brakes failed, the conductor could not control the situation and the tram slipped down the hill dragging the horses with it.Had a late lunch at Fisherman's What.This is the district where Italian fishermen first came to San Francisco in the late 19th century and began the fishing industry.Now it's a tourist area with lots of shops, sea food restaurants and bakeries.It's also the place to catch the ferry to Angel Island and other places in the Bay.Did so much exploring at Fisherman's What.Am exhausted and don't feel like doing anything else.Early bed tonight!

Tuesday 13th, June

Teamed up with a couple from my hotel(Peter and Terri)and hired a car.Spent all day driving around the city.There's a fascinating drive marked out for tourists.It has blue and white signs with seagulls on them to show the way to go.It's a 79km round-trip that takes in all the famous tourist spots.Stopped many times to admire the view of the city from different angles and take photographs.Now have a really good idea of what the city's like.In evening, went to Chinatown with Peter and Terri.Chinese immigrants settled in this area in the 1850s.The fronts of the buildings are decorated to look like old buildings in southern China.Saw some interesting temples here, a number of markets and a great many restaurants.Also art galleries and a museum containing documents, photographs and all sorts of objects about the history of Chinese immigration, but it is closed in the evening.Will go back during the day.Had a delicious meal and then walked down the hill to our hotel.Wednesday 14th, June

In morning, took ferry to Angel Island from the port in San Francisco Bay.On the way had a good view of the Golden Gate Bridge.From 1882 to 1940 Angel Island was a famous immigration station where many Chinese people applied for right to live in USA.The cells in the station

were very small, cold and damp;some did not even have light but the immigrants had nowhere else to go.Their miserable stay seemed to be punishment rather than justice and freedom to them.They wrote poems on the walls about their loneliness and mourned their former life in China.In 1940 the civil authorities reformed the system so that many more Chinese people were able to grasp the opportunity of settling in the USA.Made me very thoughtful and thankful for my life today.选修8 Unit 2 Cloning-Reading CLONING: WHERE IS IT LEADING US? Cloning has always been with us and is here to stay.It is a way of making an exact copy of another animal or plant.It happens in plants when gardeners take cuttings from growing plants to make new ones.It also happens in animals when twins identical in sex and appearance are produced from the same original egg.The fact is that these are both examples of natural clones.Unit2 克隆：它将把我们引向何方？

克隆一直与我们同在，而如今它还要持续下去。这是一种用来生产与原型完全相同的动植物的方法。当园艺师从生长着的植物上剪下枝条来培植新植物时，就会产生这种现象。这种现象也发生在动物身上，从同一个原生卵子产生性别和相貌相同的双胞胎也是克隆。实际上，这些都是自然克隆现象。

Cloning has two major uses.Firstly, gardeners use it all the

time to produce commercial quantities of plants.Secondly, it is valuable for research on new plant species and for medical research on animals.Cloning plants is straightforward while cloning animals is very complicated.It is a difficult task to undertake.Many attempts to clone mammals failed.But at last the determination and patience of the scientists paid off in 1996 with a breakthroughthe telephone in 1876.Bell never

set out to invent the telephone and what he was trying to design was a multiple telegraph.This original telegraph sent a message over distances using Morse code(a series of dots tapped out along a wire in a particular order).But only one message could go at a time.Bell wanted to improve it so that it could send several messages at the same time.He designed a machine that would separate different sound waves and allow different conversations to be held at the same time.But he found the problem difficult to solve.One day as he was experimenting with one end of a straw joined to a deaf man's ear drum and the other to a piece of smoked glass, Bell noticed that when he spoke into the ear, the straw drew sound waves on the glass.Suddenly he had a flash of inspiration.If sound waves could be reproduced in a moving electrical current, they could be sent along a wire.In searching to improve the telegraph,Bell had invented the first telephone!Bell was fully aware of the importance of his invention and wrote to his father: “The day is coming when telegraph wires will be laid on to houses just like water or gas – and friends will talk to each other without leaving home.” The patent was given in 1876, but it was not until five days later that Bell sent his first telephone message to his assistant Watson.The words have now become famous:

“Mr WatsonI want to see you.” Alexander Graham Bell was not a man to rest and he interested himself in many other areas of invention.He experimented with helicopter designs and flying machines.While searching for a kite strong enough to carry a man into the air, Bell experimented putting triangles together and discovered the tetrahedron shape.Being very stable, it has proved invaluable in the design of bridges.Bell was an inventor all his life.He made his first invention at eleven and his last at seventy-five.Although he is most often associated with the invention of the telephone, he was indeed a continuing searcher after practical solutions to improve the quality of everybody's life.选修8 Unit 4 Pygmalion-Reading

PYGMALION MAIN CHARACTERS: Eliza Doolittle(E): a poor flower girl who is ambitious to improve herself Professor Higgins(H): an expert in phonetics, convinced that the quality of a person's English decides his/her position in society Colonel Pickering(CP): an officer in the army and later a friend of Higgins' who sets him a task

Unit4 皮格马利翁

主要人物：

伊菜扎·杜利特尔（伊）：穷苦的卖花姑娘，立志要改善自己的生活 希金斯教授（希）：语音学专家，坚信一个人的英语水平决定这个人的社会地位皮克林上校（皮）：陆军军官，后来成了希金斯教授的朋友，并给他安排了一项任务

Act One FATEFUL MEETINGS 11 :15 pm in London, England in 1914 outside a theatre.It is pouring with rain and cab whistles are blowing in all directions.A man is hiding from the rain listening to people's language and watching their reactions.While watching, he makes notes.Nearby a flower girl wearing dark garments and a woollen scarf is also sheltering from the rain.A gentleman(G)passes and hesitates for a moment.E: Come over’ere, cap’in, and buy me flowers off a poor girl.G: I'm sorry but I haven't any change.E: I can giv’ou change, cap’in.G:(surprised)For a pound? I'm afraid I've got nothing less.E:(hopefully)Oah!Oh, do buy a flower off me, Captain.Take this for three pence.(holds up some dead flowers)G:(uncomfortably)Now don't be troublesome, there's a good girl.(looks in his wallet and sounds more friendly)But, wait, here's some small change.Will that be of any use to you? It's raining heavily now, isn't it?(leaves)E:(disappointed at the outcome, but thinking it is better than nothing)

Thank you, sir.(sees a man taking notes and feels worried)Hey!I ain’t done nothing wrong by speaking to that gentleman.I've a right to sell flowers, I have.I ain’t no thief.I'm an honest girl I am!(begins to cry)H:(kindly)There!There!Who's hurting you, you silly girl? What do you take me for?(gives her a handkerchief)E: I thought maybe you was a policeman in disguise.H: Do I look like a policeman? E:(still worried)Then why did 'ou take down my words for? How do I know whether 'ou took me down right? 'ou just show me what 'ou've wrote about me!H: Here you are.(hands over the paper covered in writing)E: What's that? That ain't proper writing.I can't read that.(pushes it back at him)H: I can.(reads imitating Eliza)“Come over' ere, cap'in, and buy me flowers off a poor girl.”(in his own voice)There you are and you were born in Lisson Grove if I'm not mistaken.E:(looking confused)What if I was? What's it to you? CP:(has been watching the girl and now speaks to Higgins)That's quite brilliant!How did you do that, may I ask? H: Simply phonetics studied and classified from people's own speech.That's my profession and also my hobby.You can place a man by

just a few remarks.I can place any spoken conversation within six miles, and even within two streets in London sometimes.CP: Let me congratulate you!But is there an income to be made in that? H: Yes, indeed.Quite a good one.This is the age of the newly rich.People begin their working life in a poor neighbourhood of London with 80 pounds a year and end in a rich one with 100 thousand.But they betray themselves every time they open their mouths.Now once taught by me, she'd become an upper class lady...CP: Is that so? Extraordinary!H:(rudely)Look at this girl with her terrible English: the English that will condemn her to the gutter to the end of her days.But, sir,(proudly)once educated to speak properly, that girl could pass herself off in three months as a duchess at an ambassador's garden party.Perhaps I could even find her a place as a lady's maid or a shop assistant, which requires better English.E: What's that you say? A shop assistant? Now that's sommat I want, that is!H:(ignores her)Can you believe that? CP: Of course!I study many Indian dialects myself and...H: Do you indeed? Do you know Colonel Pickering? CP: Indeed I do, for that is me.Who are you?

H: I'm Henry Higgins and I was going to India to meet you.CP: And I came to England to make your acquaintance!E: What about me? How'll you help me? H: Oh, take that.(carelessly throws a handful of money into her basket)We must have a celebration, my dear man.(leave together)E:(looking at the collected money in amazement)Well, I never.A whole pound!A fortune!That'll help me, indeed it will.Tomorrow I'll find you, Henry Higgins.Just you wait and see!All that talk of(imitates him)“authentic English”...(in her own voice)I'll see whether you can get that for me...(goes out)第一幕

决定性的会面

1914年的某日晚上11点15分，在英国伦敦某剧场夕。正下着倾盆大雨，四处响着出租车的鸣笛声。有一位男士在躲雨，边听人们谈话边观察着人们的反应。他一边观察，一边作记录。附近一个穿着黑色衣裙围着羊毛围巾的卖花姑娘也在躲雨。这时有位先生（先）从这儿路过，他迟疑了片刻。

伊：长官，过这边来呀，买我这个苦命的孩子一束花吧！先：对不起，我没有零钱，伊：长官，我可以给你找零钱呀。

先：（惊奇地）一个英镑你找得开吗？没有再小的钱了。

伊：（带有希望的神色）啊！好啦，从我这买一束吧。拿这一束，只要三个便士o（举起一些已经枯萎的花）

先：（不舒服地）现在别烦我，好姑娘。（在他的口袋里找什么，这时语气好些了）等一等，这儿有几个零钱。这点钱对你有用吗？雨下大了，不是吗？（说完就走了）

伊：（对先生付的钱表现出失望的样子，但是有总比没有好）先生，谢谢了。（看到有人在记什么，感到担心）嗨，我跟那位先生讲话，又没做错什么事。我有权卖花吧，我有权嘛！我不是小偷，我是个老实姑娘，老老实实的！（开始哭起来）

希：（友善地）好啦，好啦！谁伤害你了，傻姑娘？你把我当成什么人了？（递给她一条手帕）

伊：我还以为你是一个便衣警察呢。希：我像警察吗？

伊：（仍在担心）那你为啥要把我说的话记下来呢？我怎么知道你是不是写对了呢？那你把你写的关于我的东西给我看看。希：你看吧！（把写满字的纸递给她）

伊：这是什么呀？不像规规矩矩的字，我看不懂。（把纸退回给他）希：我懂。（模仿伊的声音读）长官，过这边来呀，买我这个苦命孩子一束花吧！（改用自己的声音）好了吧，你呀，如果我没有弄错的话，你出生在里森格罗佛：

伊：（困惑不解的）如果我是又怎样呢？跟你有什么关系呢？ 皮：（本来是一直望着这个姑娘的，这时跟希金斯说话了）太棒了！请问你是怎么知道的呢？

希：对人的发音进行研究、分类，如此而已。这是我的专业，也是我 的业余爱好。你可以根据几句话判定是哪个地方的人。我可以根据任何谈话来判定他们是哪个地方的人，差距不过六英里，有时候在伦敦甚至不超过两个街区呢。

皮：恭喜你了！不过，你这样做有收入吗？

希：当然有哆，还挺高呢。这是个致富的年代

人们从伦敦的穷人区开始工作，年收入才80英镑，最后到了富人区工作，年收入就是10万英镑了，但是他们一张嘴就会露出马脚（暴露自己的身份）。如今如果让我一教，她就会变成一个上层阶级的淑女…… 皮：是吗？那太妙了！

希：（粗鲁地）你瞧这个姑娘，英语说得那样糟糕，使她注定要在贫民窟里待上一辈子。不过，先生，（高傲地）要是一旦有人教她把英语说好了，她就可以在三个月以内冒充公爵夫人出席大使主办的花园晚会了。说不定我还可 以给她找份工作，当一名贵夫人的侍女或商店的店员。这些工作都要求英语说得好呢。

伊：你说啥来着？店员？这正是我想要做的，真的！希：（不理睬她）你相信我说的话吗？

皮：当然相信。我自己就学了好多种印度方言，而且…… 希：真的吗？那你认不认得皮克林上校呢？ 皮：当然认得，皮克林就是我。那么请问您是谁？ 希：我是亨利·希金斯。我还打算要去印度见你呢： 皮：我也正是到英国来找你的！伊：我呢？你们怎么帮助我呢？

希：啊，拿去吧！（漫不经心地朝她的篮子里扔去一把钱）好老兄，我们该美美地庆祝一番了。（一道离去）

伊：（惊奇地看着收集起来的钱）啊，我还从来没有见过！整整一个英镑呢！一笔财富呀！这的确给我帮大忙了，真的。明天我一定去找你，亨利·希金斯。等着瞧吧！你那口（模仿他的声音）“真正的英语”……（用自己的声音）我倒要看看你能不能帮我找到……（离去）

Act Two, Scene 1 MAKING THE BET It is 11am in Henry Higgins' house the next day.Henry Higgins and Colonel Pickering are sitting deep in conversation.H: Do you want to hear any more sounds? CP: No, thank you.I rather fancied myself because I can pronounce twenty-four distinct vowel sounds;but your one hundred and thirty beat me.I can't distinguish most of them.H:(laughing)Well, that comes with practice.There is a knock and Mrs Pearce(MP), the housekeeper, comes in with cookies, a teapot, some cream and two cups.MP:(hesitating)A young girl is asking to see you.H: A young girl!What does she want? MP: Well, she's quite a common kind of girl with dirty nails.I thought perhaps you wanted her to talk into your machines.H: Why? Has she got an interesting accent? We'll see.Show her in, Mrs Pearce.MP:(only half resigned to it)Very well, sir.(goes downstairs)H: This is a bit of luck.I'll show you how I make records on wax disks...MP:(returning)This is the young girl, sir.(Eliza comes into the room shyly following Mrs Pearce.She is dirty and wearing a shabby dress.She curtsies to the two men.)H:(disappointed)Why!I've got this girl in my records.She's the one we saw the other day.She's no use at all.Take her away.CP:(gently to Eliza)What do you-want, young lady? E:(upset)I wanna be a lady in a flower shop 'stead o' selling flowers in the street.But they won't take me 'less I speak better.So here I am, ready to pay him.I'm not asking for any favourswhy, it's the best offer I've had!(to Eliza)But if I teach you, I'll be worse than a father.CP: I say, Higgins.Do you remember what you said last night? I'll

say you're the greatest teacher alive if you can pass her off as a lady.I'll be the referee for this little bet and pay for the lessons too...E:(gratefully)Oh, yer real good, yer are.Thank you, Colonel.H: Oh, she is so deliciously low.(compromises)OK, I'll teach you.(to Mrs Pearce)But she'll need to be cleaned first.Take her away, Mrs Pearce.Wash her and burn her horrible clothes.We'll buy her new ones.What's your name, girl? E: I'm Eliza Doolittle and I'm clean.My clothes went to the laundry when I washed last week.MP: Well, Mr Higgins has a bathtub of his own and he has a bath every morning.If these two gentlemen teach you, you'll have to do the same.They won't like the smell of you otherwise.E:(sobbing)I can't.I dursn't.It ain't natural and it'd kill me.I've never had a bath in my life;not over my whole body, neither below my waist nor taking my vest off.I'd never have come if I'd known about this disgusting thing you want me to do...H: Once more, take her away, Mrs Pearce, immediately.(Outside Eliza is still weeping with Mrs Pearce)You see the problem, Pickering.It'll be how to teach her grammar, not just pronunciation.She's in need of both.CP: And there's another problem, Higgins.What are we going to do once the experiment is over?

H:(heartily)Throw her back.CP: But you cannot overlook that!She'll be changed and she has feelings too.We must be practical, mustn't we? H: Well, we'll deal with that later.First, we must plan the best way to teach her.CP: How about beginning with the alphabet.That's usually considered very effective...(fades out as they go offstage together)

选修8 Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors-Reading A VISIT TO THE ZHOUKOUDIAIN CAVES A group of students(S)from England has come to the Zhoukoudian caves for a visit.An archaeologist(A)is showing them round.A: Welcome to the Zhoukoudian caves here in China.It is a great pleasure to meet you students from England, who are interested in archaeology.You must be aware that it's here that we found evidence of some of the earliest people who lived in this part of the world.We've been excavating here for many years and...S1: I'm sorry to interrupt you but how could they live here? There are only rocks and trees.A: Good question.You are an acute observer.We have found human and animal bones in those caves higher up the hill as well as

tools and other objects.So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves, regardless of the cold.S2: How did they keep warm? They couldn't have mats, blankets or quilts like we do.It must have been very uncomfortable.A: We've discovered fireplaces in the centre of the caves where they made fires.That would have kept them warm, cooked the food and scared wild beasts away as well.We have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick, which suggests that they might have kept the fire burning all winter.We haven't found any doors but we think they might have hung animal skins at the cave mouth to keep out the cold during the freezing winter.S3: What wild animals were there all that time ago? A: Well, we've been finding the bones of tigers and bears in the caves, and we think these were their most dangerous enemies.Now what do you think this tells us about the life of these early people?(shows picture of a sewing needle)S2.: Gosh!That's a needle.Goodness, does that mean they repaired things? A: What else do you think it might have been used for? S4: Let me look at it.It's at most three centimetres long.Ah yes, it seems to be made of bone.I wonder how they made the hole for the...S2:(interrupting)Do you mean that they made their own clothes? Where did they get the material? A: They didn't have material like we have today.Can you guess what they used? Sl: Wow!Did they wear clothes made entirely of animal skins? How did they prepare them? I'm sure they were quite heavy to cut and sew together.A: Our evidence suggests that they did wear clothes made from animal skins.We continue discovering tools that were sharpeners for other tools.It seems that they used the sharpened stone tools to cut up animals and remove their skin.Then smaller scrapers were probably used to remove the fat and meat from the skin.After that they would rub an ample amount of salt onto the skin to make it soft.Finally, they would cut it and sew the pieces together.Quite a difficult and messy task!Now look at this.(shows a necklace)S2:Why, it's a primitive necklace.Did early people really care about their appearance like we do? It's lovely!A:Yes, and so well preserved.What do you think it's made of?.S4:Let me see.Oh, I think some of the beads are made of animal bones but others are made of shells.A:How clever you are!One bone is actually an animal tooth and the shells are from the seaside.Can you identify any other bones?

S1:This one looks very much like a fish bone.Is that reasonable? A:Yes, indeed, as the botanical analyses have shown us, all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake.Probably there were fish in it.S3:But a lake is not the sea.We are miles from the sea, so how did the seashells get here? A:Perhaps there was trade between early peoples or they travelled to the seaside on their journeys.We know that they moved around, following the herds of animals.They didn't grow their own crops, but picked fruit when it ripened and hunted animals.That's why they are called hunters and gatherers.Now, why don't we go and visit the caves?

Unit5 周口店洞穴参观记

一群英国学生（学）来到周口店洞穴参观。有一位考古学家（考）正领着他们参观。

考：欢迎到中国来参观周口店洞穴。很高兴见到你们这些从英国来的对考古学感兴趣的学生。你们想必都很清楚，正是在这个地方，我们找到了世界上居住在这个地方最早人类的证据。我们在这儿进行的挖掘工作已经很多年了，而且…… 学1：

对不起，打断一下你的讲话，请问他们是怎么住在这个地方的呢？这儿只有石头和树木。考：问得好。你是个敏锐的观察者，在高山上的那些洞穴里我们找到了人骨和兽骨，还有工具和其他物品因此，我们有理由认为他们不顾严寒，就住在这些洞穴里。

学2：那他们是怎样取暖的呢？他们不可能像我们现在这样有垫子、毯子和被子。想必是很不舒服的了。

考：我们发现在洞穴中央有生火用的地炉。他们用地炉里的火来取暖、做饭，还可以用火来吓跑野兽。我们一直在挖掘一层层的积灰，几乎有六米厚，这意味着他们可能整个冬天都在烧火。我们还没有找到门，但我们认为在天寒地冻的冬季他们可能是用兽皮挂在洞口来防寒的。学3：在那以前有些什么野兽吗？考：嗯，我们在洞里发现了老虎和熊的骨头。我们认为这些野兽对他们来讲是最危险的敌人了。现在，你们看这个东西能告诉我们有关早期人类生活的什么情况呢？（指着一张有针线的照片让大家看）

学2：哎呀，那是一根针！天哪，难道他们还会修补东西吗？ 考：除此之外，你认为还可能派别的什么用场吗？

学4：让我看看。这个东西最多三厘米长，看起来像是用骨头做的。我不知道他们是怎样做成针眼的……

学2：（插话）你是不是说他们自己做衣服穿？他们又是从哪里得到衣料的呢？

考：他们没有像我们今天穿的这种衣料。你能猜出他们用的是什么吗？ 学1：哇，他们穿的衣服全都是用兽皮做的吗？他们那些衣服是怎样做

成的？我确信它们裁剪并缝起来又厚又重。

考：我们有证据表明，他们的确穿的是用兽皮制的衣服。我们不断发现一些磨削其他工具用的工具。看样子他们可能是用磨尖的石器来切割野兽并剥皮，再用小一些的刮子把皮上的脂肪和肉去掉。然后，他们可能在兽皮上擦上大量的盐，使皮变柔软。最后进行剪裁，缝起来就成了。确实是既难又脏的活！现在来看看这个吧。（指着一串项链）考：你真聪明！有块骨头实际上是野兽的牙齿，贝壳是从海边捡来的。你还认得别的骨头吗？ 学1：这根很像鱼骨头，对吗？

考：很对。植物学的分析结果明确地告诉我们，这儿四周曾经是一个很．大的浅水湖。毫无疑问，当时湖里是有鱼的。

学3：不过，湖并不是海呀，我们离海还远着呢¨眷客，更壳又是怎么来的呢？

考：早期人类之间也许有贸易来往，或者他们也可能旅行到海边去。我们知道，他们跟着兽群四处走。他们并不种植谷物，而是在野果熟了的时候采摘它们并捕杀野兽来充饥。这就是他们被称之为猎人和采摘者的缘故。现在，咱们去参观洞穴好吗？ THE FEAST: 18,000 BC Worried about the preparations for her feast, Lala quickly turned for home with her collection of nuts, melons and other fruit.It was the custom of family groups to separate and then gather again at different sites for reunions as they followed the animal herds across

the grasslands.A wrinkle appeared on her forehead.If only it could be just like last year!At that time she had been so happy when Dahu chose her as the future mother of his children.He was the best toolmaker in the group and it was a great honour for her to be chosen.She remembered the blood pulsing through her veins.She had felt so proud as the group shouted loudly to applaud his choice.If only she had looked ahead and planned better this year!Then she wouldn't have been feeling so worried now.Having heard wolves howling in the forest, Lala accelerated her walk up the path to the caves fearing that there might be wild beasts lying in wait for her.She had no man with his spear to protect her.She had almost reached her destination when a delicious smell arrested her progress and she stopped.So the men had brought home the meat for the feast!The smell of cooking meat filled the air surrounding her, and her senses became dizzy with hunger.She could see her mother and the older children preparing the deer and pig meat over the fire.Her aunts were making clothes with animal skins.Abruptly she sat down, only to be scooped up by her laughing, shouting sister, Luna.Lala smiled with relief.It was good to have her family around her.Just then a tall man came up behind her.He had a large, square face, with strongly pronounced eyebrows and cheekbones.Over his

shoulder he carried several fish and some pieces of wood under his arm.Lala smiled and handed some stone scrapers over to Dahu, who smiled and went outside the cave to begin his task.First he looked carefully at the scrapers and then went to a corner of the cave and pulled out some more tools.They were in a pile with other sharp arrowheads and stone axe-heads.He chose one large stone and began to use it like a hammer striking the edge of the scraper that needed sharpening.Now and then Dahu would stop, look at it and try it against his hand before continuing his task.He stopped when he felt the scrapers were sharp enough to cut up the meat and scrape the fish.As he passed them to Lala, the first of the guests from the neighbouring caves began to arrive for dinner.Lala's spirits rose.Yes, it was going to be just as wonderful as last year!She smiled to herself gaily and went out of the cave to welcome her friends and neighbours.

第五篇：高中英语选修7课文翻译

第一单元篮球

迈克尔 乔丹——篮坛超人

20世纪90年代，迈克尔 乔丹可能是狮山最著名的运动员，他是NBA的顶尖邱yuan1984nean到1993年间效力于芝加哥公牛队，他曾5次荣膺最有价值的球员的称号。身着著名的23号球衣，迈克尔 乔丹成为篮球运动史上最成功的球员。

乔丹出生于纽约，在北卡罗来纳州长打在加入芝加哥公牛队之前，他在北卡罗来纳大学习了一年。在第一赛季（1984-1985），他就以平均每场28.2分的成绩成为联盟得分最高的球员之一。

1987年，乔丹成为在一个笑傲江湖重点额分超过3000分的第二个球员。以后连续七个赛季（1987-1993），他都是NBA的得分王。这期间，他每场比赛的平均分都超过30分。有了他的参与，公牛队在1991年首次获得NBA总冠军。在这段日子里，捷报频传，他们在1992年和1993年偶蝉联了总冠军。驰奥迪也是人称“梦之队”的美国奥林匹克篮球队的成员。这支球队在1992年西班牙巴塞罗那奥运会上夺去了金牌。

1993-1994赛季前乔丹退役，举世震惊。但后来他有回到了芝加哥公牛队，并和队友们一起在1996年到1998年间有获得了三次冠军。2003年40岁的驰奥迪在最终退出体坛前，还曾效力于华盛顿奇才队。数百万的球迷们都很钦佩乔丹的运动才能，动力和信心。他们可以讲述很多管用迈克尔 乔丹的传奇故事，例如一次他在比赛的关键时刻拯救了公牛队，从而避免达成平局。他走向罚球线发了两次球，每次他都把球直接投进了篮球——每次都是闭着眼睛投进去的。

离开篮坛，迈克尔 乔丹开了一家自己的牛排馆，因为他很爱吃牛排。在和著名卡通人物宾尼兔一起演出的影片《空中大灌篮》中，他也获得了成功！

对于这位世界上最优秀的球员，只有一个词能用来形容他——令人敬佩。

高跷威尔特——神力之巅

迈克尔 乔丹是一个赛季中得分超过３０００分的第二人，第一人是威尔特 张伯伦。张伯伦于１９３６年８月２１日出生于费城。他是家里１１个孩子中唯一一个长得很高的。父亲威廉在造船厂干活，母亲奥利维亚是一名清洁工。孩童时的张伯伦有各种各样的健康问题。他１０岁时得过肺炎，差点儿死去。

张伯伦是整个赛季中平均每场得分超过５０分的唯一一个ＮＢＡ球员。曾几何时，张伯伦比起他所有运动员都优秀得多，以至于他们改变了比赛规则来试图限制他！

１９５９－１９６０赛季间，这位篮坛巨人加盟NBA费城勇士队并立即获得成公在为四支不同球队效力的14个赛季期间，张伯伦四次被评联盟最有价值的球员。1962年3月2日，他单场比赛得了100分——迄今为止还没有人打破那一记录！最后的比分是勇士169对纽约尼克斯147！

在加盟洛杉矶湖人队度过五个美好的赛季后，威尔特结束了他职业生涯。一直到退役，威尔特还保持着多项NBA记录：118次单场比赛得50分或50分以上，32次得60分或60分以上。

威尔特 张伯伦比迈克尔 乔丹还要优秀吗？谁知道呢？但是毫无疑问，他无愧于“一代杰出球员”这一称号。

学校篮球令人眩晕的高度

篮球是在安全的体育运动之一。不想摔跤和拳击，通常它是没有危险的。原因之一是球员的力量部分是向上的，与地面形成90度的角，而且在其他人的头上方。所以两个球员之间碰撞的风险是很小的。

在其他的运动中，比如棒球和美式足球，球员的力量运行方向与地面是平行的，并且朝着他们的对手，所以他们带着头盔来给他们的头部以充分的保护。