第一篇：大学英语精读第四册 Unit 8 The New Caves
Would you choose to live underground if you could gain many advantages from doing so? Weather would no longer trouble you.Temperature would remain the same all the year round.Artificial lighting could make the rhythm of our life uniform everywhere.And the ecology of the natural world above ground would be greatly improved.Still, the prospect of moving underground may not be appealing to many people.Unit 8 The New Caves
During the ice ages, human beings exposed to the colder temperatures of the time would often make their homes in caves.There they found greater comfort and security than they would have in the open.We still live in caves called houses, again for comfort and security.Virtually no one would willingly sleep on the ground under the stars.Is it possible that someday we may seek to add further to our comfort and security by building our houses underground--in new, manmade caves?
It may not seem a palatable suggestion, at first though.We have so many evil associations with the underground.In our myths and legends, the underground is the realm of evil spirits and of the dead, and is often the location of an afterlife of torment.(This may be because dead bodies are buried underground, and because volcanic eruptions make the underground appear to be a hellish place of fire and noxious gases.)
Yet there are advantages to underground life, too, and something to be said for imagining whole cities, even mankind generally, moving downward;of having the outermost mile of the Earth's crust honeycombed with passages and structures, like a gigantic ant hill.First, weather would no longer be important, since, it is primarily a phenomenon of the atmosphere.Rain, snow, sleet, fog would not trouble the underground world.Even temperature variations are limited to the open surface and would not exist underground.Whether day or night, summer or winter, temperatures in the underground world remain equable and nearly constant.The vast amounts of energy now expended in warming our surface surroundings when they are too cold, and cooling them when they are too warm, could be saved.The damage done to manmade structures and to human beings by weather would be gone.Transportation over local distances would be simplified.(Earthquakes would remain a danger, of course.)
Second, local time would no longer be important.On the surface, the tyranny of day and night cannot be avoided, and when it is morning in one place, it is noon in another, evening in still another and midnight in yet another.The rhythm of human life therefore varies from place to place.Underground, where there is no externally produced day, but only perpetual darkness, it would be arificial lighting that produces the day and this could be adjusted to suit man's convenience.The whole world could be on eight-hour shifts, starting and ending on the stroke everywhere, at least as far as business and community endeavors were concerned.This could be important in a freely mobile world.Air transportation over long distances would no longer have entail “jet lag.” Individuals landing on another coast or another continent would find the society they reached geared to the same time of day as at home.Third, the ecological structure could be stabilized.To a certain extent, mankind encumbers the Earth.It is not only his enormous numbers that take up room;more so, it is all the structures he builds to house himself and his machines, to make possible his transportation and communication, to offer him rest and recreation.All these things distort the wild, depriving many species of plants and animals of their natural habitat--and sometimes, involuntarily, favoring a few, such as rats
and roaches.If the works of man were removed below ground--and, mind you, below the level of the natural world of the burrowing animals —— man would still occupy the surface with his farms, his forestry, his observation towers, his air terminals and so on, but the extent of that occupation would be enormously decreased.Indeed, as one imagines the underground world to become increasingly elaborate, one can visualize much of the food supply eventually deriving from hydroponic growth in artificially illuminated areas underground.The Earth's surface might be increasingly turned over to park and to wilderness, maintained at ecological stability.Fourth, nature would be closer.It might seem that to withdraw underground is to withdraw from the natural world, but would that be so? Would the withdrawal be more complete than it is now, when so many people work in city buildings that are often windowless and artificially conditioned? Even where there are windows, what is the prospect one views(if one bothers to)but sun, sky, and buildings to the horizon--plus some limited greenery?
And to get away from the city now? To reach the real countryside? One must travel horizontally for miles, first across city pavements and then across suburban sprawls.In an underworld culture, the countryside would be right there, a few hundred yards above the upper level of the cities--wherever you are.The surface would have to be protected from too frequent, or too intense, or too careless visiting, but however carefully restricted the upward trips might be, the chances are that the dwellers of the new caves would see more greenery, under ecologically healthier conditions, than dwellers of surface cities to today.However odd and repulsive underground living may seem at first thought, there are tings to be said for it--and I haven't even said them all.
第二篇：大学英语精读翻译答案第四册
UNIT1 1.我们接到通知，财政部长将于次日接见我们。
We were informed that the Minister of Finance was to give us an audience /receive us the next day.2.我觉得很奇怪，他似乎不记得自己的生日。
I thought it odd that he didn't seem to remember his own birthday.3.学期论文最迟应在下星期二交来，可是至今大部分学生却几无进展。Next Tuesday is the deadline for handing in the term papers, but most students have hardly made a dent in the work so far.4.看到学生人数不断减少，校长心里很难受。(pain)It pained the headmaster to find the number of students shrinking.5.在那个国家一般用现金付账，但支票变得普遍起来了，不久会代替现金作为人们结账的一种方式。
Cash is commonly used in paying bills in that country, but checks are becoming more popular and will, in a short while, replace cash as a way for people to settle their accounts.6.该公司声称，这条河流的污染不是它造成的。
The company claims that it is not responsible for the pollution in the river.UNIT2 1.比尔已是个成熟的小伙子，不再依赖父母替他做主。
Bill is a mature young man who is no longer dependent on his parents for decisions.2.这个地区有大量肉类供应，但新鲜果蔬奇缺。
There are abundant supplies of meat in this region, but fresh fruit and vegetables are scarce.3.工程师们依靠工人们的智慧发明了一种新的生产方法，使生产率得以提高。Drawing on the wisdom of the workers, the engineers invented a new production method that led to increased productivity.4.他花了许多时间准备数学考试，因此当他获知自己只得了个B时感到有点失望。
He spent a lot of time preparing for his math exam.Hence he was somewhat disappointed to learn that he got only a B 5.我们有充裕的时间从从容容吃顿午饭。We have ample time for a leisurely lunch.6.地方政府不得不动用储备粮并采取其他紧急措施，以渡过粮食危机。The local government had to draw on its grain reserves and take other emergency measures so as to pull through the food crisis.UNIT5 1.我确信这项所谓(so-called)明智的决定，与期望相反，会带来极其严重的后果。
I am convinced that, contrary to expectations, the so-called informed decision will bring very grave consequences.2.诚然，他曾欺骗你，但他已经承认自己做错了，并道了歉。所以你不应该老是以怀疑的态度对待他。
It's true he once deceived you, but he has admitted he has done wrong and apologized.So you shouldn't always treat him with suspicion.3.他在这个问题公开进行辩论之前就已表明了自己的立场。He had taken a stand on the issue before it was openly debated.4.在调查过程中，他们发现了种种形式的政治腐败，并揭露了许多贪官污吏(corrupt officials)。
In the course of their investigation, they discovered various forms of political corruption and exposed a number of corrupt officials.5.玛丽的两难处境是：把真相告诉老板从而失信于她的同事，还是让老板蒙在鼓里从而辜负他的信任。
Mary's dilemma was whether to betray her colleagues by telling her boss the truth or to betray his trust by keeping him in the dark about it.6.首先，是什么使你认为这项规划会促进改革?其次，你怎么知道这些改革会让全县得到好处? Now, in the first place, what has made you think(led you to think)this program will promote reforms, and in the second, how do you know these reforms will benefit the whole county? UNIT7 1.法庭的判决引起史密斯先生的朋友们的气愤，他们相信他是无辜的。The court's judgment aroused anger among Mr.Smith's friends, who believed that he was innocent.2.当我们经过那家价格昂贵的餐馆时，父亲催我们快走，他说在这样高档的(fancy)地方用餐是大大超过我们的经济能力的。
As we passed the expensive restaurant, father hurried us along saying that it was well beyond our means to have dinner at such a fancy place.3.老师在评价一篇文章并给它打分(grade vt.)时，可能是根据总的印象而不是根据仔细的分析(analysis)。
A teacher may evaluate and grade an essay on the basis of his general impression rather than on a detailed analysis.4.小狗(puppy)将我的一张画搞坏了，我真想对它发火，可它那十分可爱(cute)的样子使我不禁笑着把它从地上抱了起来。(be inclined to, ruin)I was inclined to get angry at the puppy for ruining my painting but he was so cute that I could not help but laugh and pick him up.5.爱德华(Edward)常常喜爱在那间可以眺望大海的房间里朗诵诗歌。Edward was in the habit of reciting poems in the room overlooking the sea.6.安东尼(Anthony)彻夜未眠，因为他对于是否得插手此事举棋不定。Anthony stayed up all night because he just could not make up his mind whether or not to take a hand in the matter.
第三篇：《大学英语》精读 第四册 Test Yourself 1-2选择题及其答案
Test Yourself 1
1.Inside,in the warm living room, with a glass of wine to drink and Mozart to listen to on the CD, she was far from the tiredness she had ___C___earlier.A advocatedBconceivedCclaimedD accumulated
2.If you've worked for one employer for two years or more before leaving to have your baby,you may be __B___maternity pay(产妇薪酬）
A drawn onB entitled to(有权益）C settled for(满足于）D rested on(依靠）
3.Tons of food was laid out on the big table and crates of beer were ____D__ready for consumption.A reserved（保留）B expended（花费）C generated（产生）D stacked（一堆）
4.You'd better keep your leaders___A____of your activities so that they can ensure you are adequately supported.A informed（告知）B amused（有趣的）C outlined（概括）D swallowed（吞咽）
5.According to the latest poll,the president's 43 percent support has _B____to 32percent.A minimized（最小化）B shrunk（减少）C cited（引证）D predicted（预言）
6.Managers might not borrow as much as they should,if they want to retain a large____C__of borrowing power in case of problems.A delivery（递交）B burden（负担）C reserve（D deposit（沉淀）
7.It is said that one____D__a work of art and brings it forth as a child is _____and brought forth into the world.A reproduces, reproduced（繁殖）B safeguards, safeguarded(防护措施）
C tolerates,tolerated（忍受）D conceives,conceived(构思、怀孕）
8.Our case against piracy was won,but over $75000 had been _B_____in legal costs in the proceedings ,far more than the compensation awarded by the court.A advanced（提高）B expended（花费）C attained（获得）D blasted（爆炸）
9.If the environment is to be properly____C___policies must be formulated which will encourage the green industry.A bluffed（吓唬）B promoted（促进）C safeguarded（保障）D varnished(装饰)
10.Although we are often successful in securing accommodation for people with AIDS, it is a problem which stretches our _C_____to the full and needs taken care of immediately.A bonuses(奖金）B dilemmas(窘境）C resource(资源）D limitations(限制）
11.Mark's latest work ___D___the learning theories of the 1980s as well as his own experience in
teaching English to foreigners.A built on（建立。）B left out（漏掉）C brought upD drew on（运用）
12.____D___the pros and cons of being the son of one of the famous,Rock replies:“I think I'm among the most blessed of people who ever lived.”
A Fed on（靠。生存）B Headed for（朝。走）C Brought downD pressed for
13.Painting is the art of reaching the soul through the eyes, but if the picture___A___the eyes and never reaches the soul, the painter has fallen far short of his aim.A.appeals to(吸引）B settle for（。定下来）C fumbles with（摸索）D aims at（瞄准）
14.A commission was appointed to __A____into the alleged illegal payments by the football club.A.inquire（调查）B bounce（弹跳）C render（使）D deceive（欺骗）
15.Under the norms of international law, countries are _A_____in using military force abroad to defend their citizens from hostile military action.A justified（正义的）B refutedC shelteredD identified（证明身份）
16.Statistics are __C____to prove the depth of popular misery: falling real wages, rising unemployment ,and a general collapse of living standards.A concealed（隐瞒）B grabbed（抓）C cited（引证）D projected（突出）
17.The claim that women can never be in positions of public responsibility because of their“raging hormonal(荷尔蒙的）imbalances” is thoroughly__C______in this article.A poked（戳)B injuredC refuted(驳斥）D pleaded
18.Once the problem has been identified, the couple can start appropriate treatment, and with the right treatment, Mr Goswamy_D______,many more infertile(不育的）couples will conceive.A exaggerates(夸大）B curses（诅咒）C betraysD predicts(预言）
19.Every few miles his suitcase _B_____out the back of the cart and Tock became annoyed at having to stop and collect it all the time.A arose（引起）B bounced（蹦）C collided（撞）D strayed(偏离）
20.While I am waiting on platform,a railway employee shouts across the track that the 9.49train is ___A____,and that the next train will be at 10.19.A.canceledB abridgedC.poisedD.upset
21.The daughter of an Indian laborer,Mrs Swami was _B___by her husband and had to support four children on her own.A.followedB.desertedC.canceledD.scared
22.Peter read the letter twice before its meaning _B_______
A.came upB.sank inC.caught onD.turned up
23.“I might just as well __C_____and go if you can't even listen to things reasonably.!”
A.mean businessB.make concessionsC.pack upD.hang up
24.Mary___D____herself for making the silly mistake and letting the golden opportunity slip through her fingers.A.AmusedB.JustifiedC.BlessedD.cursed
25.Environmentalists are doing everything within their power to protect the birds and_A_____the impact of the oil spill.A.minimizeB.swallowC.exaggerateD.abridge
26.But what really __B_____the official statistics is that they are based almost entirely on the state economy.A.BurdensB.DistortsC.ConfirmsD.Maintains
27.The ___D___truth is that some youngsters are so out of control they have to be detained.A.ThoughtfulB.internalC matureD brutal
28.Mary admired Max for his wit, although she could notA_______his philosophy of life.A.TolerateB invadeC refuteD interpret
29.This is a matter which cannot be too carefully watched since failure to comply _B______you liable to heavy penalties.A.EnablesB rendersC injuresD flushes
30.Their organization neither used nor___D_____the use of violence in its struggle for equality.A.scatteredB.enrolledC overheardD advocated
Test Yourself2
31.It may be possible to claim damages against a local authority for negligently failing to ensure that construction work complied with the ___B_____ building regulations.A magnificentB relevantC artificialD delicate
32.A substantial proportion of educational costs was __A____ to local authorities , although the latter had neither sufficient financial nor administrative means to carry out their new assignments.A transferredB withdrawnC hurledD adjusted
33.These fads for physical fitness____A_____lead to two things: a great deal of unnecessary injury and a lot of profit to the people behind the scheme.A invariablyB virtuallyC originallyD literally
34.Each product ___B______ by our company is quality tested at least three times , depending upon the requirements.A derivedB manufacturedC demonstratedD constructed
35.Technological innovation is __C_____ to the modernization of the economy.A uniqueB alienC indispensableD continual
36.The essence of being human _D______ the values we place on ourselves we place on ourselves in being human beings.A reaches forB associates withC rests onD consists in
37.If they are A_______ they have nothing to fear , that's what they always say.A innocentB inherentC attractiveD notable
38.If is to be expected that homebuyers will be less___B_____ to borrow at today's high rates.A restrainedB inclinedC obligedD exposed
39.On 6 March be was suffering from skin problems and an___C____ fall in his blood sugar level resulting from the earlier hunger-strike.A acuteB intenseC dramaticD tender
40.Both girls quickly turned their faces away, just in case he would want to take_C_____ on them later for having witnessed his humiliation.A sequenceB occupationC revengeD complaint
41.I had no experience of teaching art to anyone, but the headmaster __B____me that it simply involved giving the boys some paints to play with and then telling them to get on with it.A exertedB assuredC graspedD addressed
42.The hotel's restaurant enjoys a good reputation, with a lovely first-floor terrace where on fine days you dine __D____the lake.A visualizingB picturingC dippingD overlooking
43.In Diana's words the new invention can provide “disabled people with freedom from the wheelchair they spend so much of their life in , making them as ___A___as the next gust of wind.”
A mobileB attractiveC hospitableD marvelous
44.Materialism has until recently been_B_____ unknown in Confucian societies.A normallyB virtuallyC invariablyD increasingly
45.Some lawyers say the law of deception must be __C_____ to include deception of machines rather than just people.A reflectedB unifiedC adjustedD loosened
46.The building materials industry___C____ itself to meet the steady predictable demand of the house-building industry, thus eliminating one of the chief obstacles to the output of houses.A boundB integratedC gearedD lowered
47.As a general rule vegetable oils are much better for you than fats that are__A_____from animals.A derivedB enrichedC curledD detached
48.The critical moment for harvest___D_____from year to year and from one plant to the next.A renewsB enviesC bafflesD varies
49.If left to reach their natural__D____,many plant species will eventually take over a wide area of ground and should be avoided in small gardens.A capacitiesB occupationsC suspicionsD dimensions
50.Fame is the most _B____subject in the world and I'm keenly interested in speaking to certain people who've had fame and then lost if.A overwhelmingB fascinatingC rewardingD misleading
51.Interestingly enough, having once entered the profession itself, age ceases to be a ____C___, for actors of any age may easily teach each other something and share emotions honestly.A necessityB pursuitC barrierD concession
52.Another _C_____ is how the yacht drifted north-west when prevailing conditions would normally have sent it towards South America.A inquiryB dilemmaC mysteryD risk
53.The company is based on a novel_D___ of direct selling, which involves representatives knocking on doors selling household goods.A extentB aspectC symptomD concept
54.It is my experience that many students of English Literature with good A-level results dislike poetry, or at least feel __A___ by if , and can go through a three-year degree course without this attitude being radically changed.A baffledB overlookedC deceivedD restrained
55._B_______the technological requirements of the new system , other important issues have to be resolved
A Next toB Aside fromC Rather thanD Contrary to
56.By the end of this month manufacturing__C____ is expected to increase three-fold, according to sales and marketing director Joe Weston.A dimensionB endeavorC capacityD schedule
57.You may find it surprising that in this country__B___labor shortage coexists with high.unemployment.A crucialB acuteC artificialD instant
58.Those present at the meeting expressed interest in all of the organizational ___D___of home care, including nursing,equipment loans and the volunteer program.A conceptsB sequencesC consequencesD aspects
59.In this and succeeding meetings the__A_____ of attention was primarily on the manpower involved with some discussion of the public expenditure costs.A focusB absenceC minimumD authority
60.Other types of skin cancer are D_____continued exposure to the sun over a long period..A dedicated toB inclined toC derived fromD associated
第四篇：大学英语精读第五册
大学英语精读第五册 Unit 2
TranslationChinese to English
1.我认为向他求助是不现实的。事实上，他自己也需要帮助。
I don’t think it is realistic to turn to him for help．As a matter of fact, he himself is in need of help．
2.越来越多的人正在意识到与空气污染作斗争的迫切需要。
More and more people are being awakened to the urgent need of combating air pollution.3.有明显的迹象表明一些古老的传统和价值观念采不再被年轻人珍视。
There are visible signs that some of the time-honored old traditions and values are no longer cherished by the young people.4．我们许多人觉得宇宙无限这一概念难以理解。
Manyof us find the notion of a boundless universe hard to grasp．
5.因为法律和规章中有许多漏洞(loophole)，一小撮投机倒把者一夜之间暴富就没
有什么奇怪了。
There being so many loopholes in the laws and regulations, it is little wonder that a handful of speculators got rich overnight．
6.旅游事业的空前兴旺使这个从前只住有三百人的边境小镇突然繁荣起来。An unprecedented boom in tourism brought sudden prosperity to the small border town, which was formerly inhabited by only three hundred people.7．根据这一信息，该国已经具有制造核武器的能力。
In the light of the information, that country already has the capabilities to make nuclear weapons.8.他不顾朋友的反复警告，把所有的钱都投向了高风险企业。
Regardless of repeated warnings from his friends，he staked all his money on high-risk ventures.大学英语精读第五册 Unit
4TRANSLATIONChinese to English
1.有人说对于不公正的批评的最好反映是原谅和忘却（不念旧恶）。
Somebody says that the best response to unfair criticies is to forgive and forget.2.天哪，你为什么不给我打电话？
For God’s sake, why didn’t you call you?
3．绝望之中，我一脚把门踢开，结果发现他躺在床上，已经昏迷不醒。
I kicked the door open with desperation, and found him lying in the bed unconciously.4．那机修工气愤地把工具扔到一边，再也不肯干了。
The mechanician flung the tools with anger, never to continue.5．马克也太孩子气了，就因为有些代表对他的想法提出质疑他就退出了会议。
Mark was so childish that he left the meeting just because some representatives contested his ideas.6．她很感激的是她保住了自己的工作而大多数工友都下了岗。
She was thankful that she kept her job when most of her co-workers were laid off.7．勇敢、无私和意志力在牛虻身上全都表现得很突出。
Courage, selflessness and strength of will stand out all over the Gadfly.8．如果你没有得到当地规划部门的同意扩建(build all extension)你的房屋，你将被责令拆除(demolish)扩建的部分.If you build and extension to your house without the consent of the local planning authorities, you will be ordered to demolish / pull down what you have built.大学英语精读第五册Test Paper1
TRANSLATION Chinese to English
1.外语学习者提高其流利程度的一个可行的方法是通过阅读学会大量的词汇及其习惯用法。
A practicable way for foreign language learners to improve their fluency is to learn large numbers of words and their idiomatic usage through reading.2.不断困扰第三世界的一个问题是如何快速发展经济而不损害环境。
An eternal problem that haunts the third world countries is how to develop the economy quickly without damaging the environment.3．收取这么高的罚款跟银行方便顾客的概念很不一致。
It is hardly consistent with the concept of “user-friendly” banking to charge these high fines.4．邦德一把抓住这个凶狼的袭击者，并把他摔倒在地上。
Bond grabbed hold of the vicious attacker and flung him to the ground.5．我们必须建立起一个有效的传媒网络以使信息能快速传播。
We must set up an effective media network to allow information to circulate rapidly.大学英语精读第五册 Unit 6
TRANSLATIONChinese to English
1.马戏团演出最精彩的部分是大熊猫的表演，它笨拙而滑稽的动作逗乐了所有的观众。The highlight of the circus’ performance was the panda’s representation.Its clumsy and funny acting caused every audience to laugh.2.幸好你昨天没有搭乘瑞士航空公司的班机—它起飞一个小时后即坠毁，机上229人全部身亡。
It’s just as well you didn’t take the flight of Swiss Airline yesterday – it
2crashed one hour after taking off and all the 229 people on plane were dead.3.他从来没有想到，当有人提出帮助那个患有残疾的姑娘时，她会感到局促不安。He never considered that when somebody wanted to help the handicap girl, she would feel ill at ease.4．作为一个喜欢控制一切、从发号施令中得到很大乐趣的人，查尔斯很快就适应了公司总经理的新角色。
As a person taking delight in controling everything and getting interest from ordering, Charle adapted quickly the new role of the company’s president.5．在过去12年里，艾米已学会靠自己过日子。她喜欢自力更生，样样事情自己干。In the past twelve years, Amy has learned to live depending on herself.She takes delight in self – reliance and doing everything by herself.6.艾米拒绝跟查尔斯外出是理所当然的事，因为她不喜欢被当作依赖他人的残疾人看待。
Amy refused to go out with Charles as a matter of course, because she disliked to be treated as a handicap person depending on others.大学英语精读第五册 Unit 8
1.我小时候完全被周游世界的想法迷住了，常在爷爷的书房里一呆几个小时，一边转动着地球仪，一边梦想着去游览的地方。
When I was a child, I was totally fascinated by the idea of traveling around the world, I spent several hours in my grandfather’s study, rolling the globe as imagining the places to travel.2.今天下午一枚定时炸弹在伦敦最大的超市之一爆炸，在人们中间引起极大恐慌。
A timing bomb exploded at one of the largest supermarkets in London this afternoon, causing a great panic among the people.3.在父亲的陪同下，比尔去了警察局，对警官坦白说他曾在两周前抢了一位老人的金表。Accompanied with his father, Bill went to the police station, and confessed to the policeman that he robbed an old man’s golden watch two weeks ago.4.在与简订婚后，斯蒂芬生平第一次开始用功了。不久他便作为一名年轻的理论物理学家而崭露头角。
After engaged to Jane, Stephen started working hard for the first time in his life.Before long he distinguished himself as a young theoretical physicist.5.斯通教授以严厉而著称。但令人惊奇的是，他在上周六他女儿婚礼上的讲话却妙趣横生，充满幽默。
Professor Stone is distinguished for his strictness.But to people’s surprise his speech at his daughter’s wedding last Saturday was full of wit and humor.6.这么多人愿意为社区的利益做义务工作真令人惊奇。
It’s amazing that so many people willing to do voluntary work for the benefit3
of the community.大学英语精读第五册 Unit 10
TRANSLATIONChinese to English
1．那个国家日趋繁荣在很大程度上可归功于政府实行的经济改革政策。
The gradual prosperity of the country in a sense owes the government’s policy of economic reform.2．这位黑人领袖把为实现种族平等而奋斗终生当作自己的神圣义务。
The Negro leader regarded it as his sacred obligation to devote himself to realizing racial equality.3.1976年，人民共和国的三位主要缔造者周恩来总理，朱德元帅和毛泽东主席相继逝 世。
In 1976, the three main architects of the people’s republic – Premier Zhou En lai, Marshal Zhu De and Chairman Mao Zedong died in sequence.4．我不止一次地提醒校长，他曾答应要维护退休教师的合法利益。
I reminded of the headmaster more than once that he had promised to protect the retired teachers’ legitimate behalf.5．这个故事的主题思想是，一个人的命运与整个国家的命运紧密相联。
The main idea of the story is that one’s destiny ties up with the whole country’s.6．那个青年继承的一大笔财产使他得以实践自己的梦想。
The riches the youth fell heir to made him realize his dream.听力 medial testcompound dictation
1.create2.health3.heat4.excitement5.cooler6.opposite
7.emotional
8.The phrase green with envy often refers to a person who is angry because he does not have more money than someone else has.9.People describe a day in which everything goes wrong as a black day.10.But black is not necessarily always used in a bad sense.For example, a business in the black is one with profits.听力 final testcompound dictation
1.sensed2.unsteadily3.fastened4.thrown5.whisper6.fainted
7.hesitation
8.It was a dangerous situation as the plane was very low above the ground.But soon it began to fly higher, which made the passengers greatly relieved.9.The man followed instructions and guided the plane towards the airfield.10.When the plane touched the ground it shook violently anxiously rushed forward to congratulate the man on a perfect landing.
第五篇：大学英语精读Book1
《诚信与和谐》
广义上的和谐社会建设是指经济、政治、文化、社会四个方面协调发展、良性运行。狭义上的和谐社会建设主要是指社会关系的和谐。无论是广义上的和谐社会建设还是狭义上的和谐社会建设，诚信都是各种经济、政治、社会关系协调发展、良性运行的基础。对社会成员来讲，它是构建和谐人际关系的基本素质；对全社会来讲，它是社会良性运行的价值取向；对市场来讲，诚信是规范经济秩序、建立市场信用制度的道德保障；对政府来讲，诚信是实现执政为民、立党为公的有效途径。
一、诚信是社会人际关系和谐的重要准则
人际关系的和谐是和谐社会建设的重要内容。诚信友爱是人际关系和各种社会关系和谐的灵魂。中国的传统文化充分重视诚信在人际关系中的价值。诚信，包括两方面的含义，“诚”即真实不欺，既不自欺，也不欺人。朱熹云：“诚者何？不自欺，不忘之谓也”，“诚意，只是表里如一”。一个人只有做到表里如一，以诚相待，才能达到人内心的和谐和人际关系的和谐。否则，欺名盗世，自欺欺人，会导致个人内心的失调和人格的分裂，人际关系紧张，失去友情，成为孤家寡人。“信”，主要指在与他人交往中应讲信用，遵守诺言。孔子极为重信，他强调做人要“言必信，信必果”、“与朋友交，言而有信”、“言而无信，不知其可也“。人若不讲信用，就无法做人行事。在诚与信的关系中，诚是信产生的基础和原因，自己以诚待人，必然获得他人的信任。同时，信是诚的具体表现，信体现诚。在社会中生活，只有将自己的真实展示给他人，才能够嬴得他人的信任，才能够彼此信任。人们彼此信任才能够真诚地进行合作。个人在人际交往中讲诚信，就会形成人际关系的良性循环，正如管仲云：“信也者，民信之”。然而，当前我国社会个人的诚信缺位表现在：借钱不还、伪造学历和文凭、伪造票据和证件，剽窃他人学术成果，欺诈他人以谋取私利等等，这将影响人与人之间关系的和谐，影响社会公平的实现。因此，在全社会中，加强诚实守信的公民道德教育，是构建和谐社会的重要内容。因为人际信任能增强全社会的凝聚力，促进社会关系的和谐，保障社会的长治久安。
二、诚信是建立市场信用制度的道德保障
诚信一直是我国社会所推崇的优良品格之一，在当代，我们赋予诚信以更多的经济性的内容。因为，市场经济条件下,诚信既是道德资源, 又是经济资源。随着社会分工的细化和交换方式的发展,诚信也从道德追求进入到物质生活领域。也就是说，诚信社会的形成，其中极为重要的一方面是诚信经济的形成。所谓诚信经济是指诚信作为一种资本（即信用资本）来参与市场运作的经济，当诚信资本能成功地实现其价值增殖时，诚信经济即告产生。这种诚信理念推动了经济发展和社会进步。
我国社会主义市场经济的建立加快了我国经济发展的速度和激发了人们走向富裕的动力，但是另一方面经济主体的利益的多元化现象也日趋复杂，这些经济利益主体，在市场经济体制下，无论是企业，还是个人，很显然他们从事经济活动的根本目的，就是尽可能多地获取经济上的利益。因此，导致物质主义、拜金主义在一定程度的盛行，人际互信互助的关系淡化，利益关系凸现，由此造成诚信问题，一些欺诈失信的行为时有发生，其主要表现为：企业产品的假冒伪劣、掺杂使假、坑蒙拐骗、偷税漏税、三角债纠纷、财务假账、伪造票据、金融诈骗、虚假广告、假烟、假酒、假药、假化肥、假种子、假币、有毒大米、黑心棉等等。这类似于资本主义原始积累时期曾经出现过的状况，严重扰乱正常经济秩序、损害了社会公
平和社会信任，使社会矛盾和社会冲突滋生。破坏了信用关系, 就会动摇市场经济的基础, 就会带来经济秩序的混乱。
诚信，就其作为社会的道德规范和个人的道德品质而言，既是整个社会的信用制度对个人的道德要求的反映，也是社会信用制度在个人身上个性化的发展，每个社会成员的诚信品质，组成了社会信用制度的道德保障。讲诚信则促进市场经济的发展，失信则自然会阻碍市场经济的发展。信用一旦发生危机，不仅会导致整个经济体系出现危机，而且严重影响社会主义和谐社会的建设。只有市场主体都能自觉维护其信用制度，才能保证信用关系的稳定性，减少信用风险。在此意义上可以说没有诚信原则就没有市场经济秩序，就没有市场经济效益，也就没有市场经转载请注明出处，谢谢！
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