中华人民共和国个人独资企业法英文版

第一篇：中华人民共和国个人独资企业法英文版

(Adopted by the 11th Session of the Standing Committee of the 9th National People‘s Congress)Chapter One: General Provisions

Article 1 With a view to regulate the activities of sole proprietorship enterprises, to protect the lawful rights and interests of sole proprietors and creditors of sole proprietorship enterprises, to safeguard the social and economic order, and to promote the development of socialist market economy, this Law is formulated in accordance with the Constitution.Article 2 For purposes of this Law, a sole proprietorship enterprise means a business entity established within China with its capital contributed by one individual and its assets owned personally by the sole proprietor, who assumes unlimited liability to the extent of his personal assets.Article 3 A sole proprietorship enterprise‘s main place of business shall be its domicile.Article 4 In conducting business activities, a sole proprietorship enterprise shall abide by law and administrative regulations, as well as the principle of good faith and may not harm the public interests.A sole proprietorship enterprise shall fulfill its obligation to pay tax in accordance with the law.Article 5 The state shall protect the property and other lawful rights and interests of a sole proprietorship enterprise in accordance with the law.Article 6 A sole proprietorship enterprise shall hire workers in accordance with the law.The lawful rights and interests of its workers are protected by law.The workers of the sole proprietorship enterprise shall establish a labor union in accordance with the law, and the labor union shall conduct its activities in accordance with the law.Article 7 A member of the Chinese Communist Party in a sole proprietorship enterprise shall conduct his activities in accordance with the Charter of the Chinese Communist Party.Chapter Two: Establishment of Sole Proprietorship Enterprise

Article 8 For the establishment of a sole proprietorship enterprise, the following conditions shall be met:

(i)The sole proprietor is a natural person;

(ii)There is a lawful enterprise name;

(iii)There is capital contribution declared by the sole proprietor;

(iv)There is a permanent place and the necessary conditions for production and operation;(v)There are necessary personnel.Article 9 In establishing a sole proprietorship enterprise, the sole proprietor or the agent appointed thereby shall submit such documents as an application for the establishment of a sole proprietorship enterprise, proof of identity of the sole proprietor, proof of use of the place for production and operation, etc.to the registration authority of the place where the sole proprietorship enterprise will be located.Where an agent is appointed to apply for the establishment of the sole proprietorship enterprise, the power of attorney issued by the sole proprietor and the legal identity of the agent shall be presented.A sole proprietorship enterprise may not engage in any business prohibited by law or administrative regulations;where the sole proprietorship enterprise intends to engage in any business which requires approval by the relevant authority, the approval document issued by the relevant authority shall be presented at the time of applying for establishment registration.Article 10 The application form for the establishment of a sole proprietorship enterprise shall set forth the following:

(i)name and domicile of the enterprise;

(ii)name and residence of the sole proprietor;

(iii)the amount and form of capital contribution;

(iv)the scope of business.Article 11 The name of a sole proprietorship enterprise shall be consistent with its form of liability and its type of business.Article 12 Within fifteen days of its receipt of the application documents, the registration authority shall register the sole proprietorship enterprise and issue a business license thereto if the documents comply with the requirements set forth herein, or deny registration and issue a written response stating the reason for denial.Article 13 The date of issuance of the business license for a sole proprietorship enterprise shall be the date of its establishment.Prior to issuance of a business license for sole proprietorship enterprise, the sole proprietor may not engage in any business in the name of the sole proprietorship enterprise.Article 14 In establishing a branch of a sole proprietorship enterprise, the sole proprietor or an agent appointed thereby shall submit an application for registration to the registration authority of the place where the branch will be located, and the branch shall be issued a business license.Upon approval and registration of the branch, its registration certificate shall be filed with the registration authority having jurisdiction over the sole proprietorship enterprise to which such branch belongs.The civil liabilities of the branch shall be borne by the sole proprietorship enterprise establishing such branch.Article 15 Where during its existence, a sole proprietorship enterprise undergoes a change which affects a registered item, an application for registration amendment shall be submitted to the registration authority in accordance with the law within fifteen days of the decision to make such change.Chapter Three: Sole Proprietor and Management of the Sole Proprietor Enterprise‘s Affairs

Article 16 A person who is prohibited from engaging in any for-profit activity may not apply for the establishment of a sole proprietorship enterprise as a sole proprietor.[NextPage]

Article 17 A sole proprietor has lawful title to the assets of the sole proprietorship enterprise, and any related right may be assigned or inherited in accordance with the law.Article 18 Where at the time of application for establishment, the sole proprietor expressly declares any property jointly owned by his family as capital contribution, he shall assume unlimited liability to the extent of such joint property in accordance with the law.Article 19 A sole proprietor may manage the affairs of the sole proprietorship enterprise by himself, and may also appoint or hire another person with the capacity for civil act to manage the sole proprietorship enterprise.Where a sole proprietor appoints or hires another person to manage the affairs of the sole proprietorship enterprise, he shall conclude with the agent or employee a written contract prescribing the entrusted affairs and the scope of authority granted.The agent or employee shall perform the obligations of good faith and due care, and manage the affairs of the sole proprietorship enterprise in accordance with the contract with the sole proprietor.Any restriction by the sole proprietor on the authority of the agent or employee shall not constitutes a defense against a third person in good faith.Article 20 The person appointed or hired by the sole proprietor to manage the affairs of the sole proprietorship enterprise may not engage in any of the following conducts:

(i)demanding or accepting bribes by usurping his official position;

(ii)converting property of the sole proprietorship enterprise by usurping his official position or working relationship;

(iii)misappropriating funds of the sole proprietorship enterprise by using them for his own purpose or lending them to a third person.(iv)depositing funds of the sole proprietorship enterprise in his own name or in the name of any third person without authorization;

(v)pledging assets of the sole proprietorship enterprise as security without authorization;

(vi)engaging in any business in competition with the sole proprietorship enterprise without consent by the sole proprietor;

(vii)entering into any contract or conducting any transaction with the sole proprietorship enterprise without consent by the sole proprietor;

(viii)assigning any trademark or other intellectual property of the sole proprietorship enterprise to a third person for use without consent by the sole proprietor;

(ix)disclosing trade secrets of the sole proprietorship enterprise;

(x)any other act prohibited by law or administrative regulations.Article 21 A sole proprietorship enterprise shall set up accounting books and conduct accounting in accordance with the law.Article 22 Where a sole proprietorship enterprise employs workers, it shall enter into labor contracts with the workers, and ensure workplace safety and make full and timely payment of wages.Article 23 A sole proprietorship enterprise shall participate in the social insurance scheme in accordance with the relevant stipulations of the state, and shall pay social insurance premiums for its workers.Article 24 A sole proprietorship enterprise may apply for loan and acquire land-use-rights in accordance with the law, and shall enjoy other rights prescribed by law or administrative regulations.Article 25 No entity or individual may force a sole proprietorship enterprise to contribute funds, goods or labor in any manner in violation of law or administrative regulations;a sole proprietorship enterprise is entitled to reject any attempt forcing it to contribute funds, goods or labor in violation of law.Chapter Four: Dissolution and Liquidation of Sole Proprietorship Enterprise

Article 26 A sole proprietorship enterprise shall be dissolved in any of the following circumstances:

(i)The sole proprietor decides to dissolve the sole proprietorship enterprise;

(ii)The sole proprietor is deceased or is declared deceased, and there is no heir or the heir has renounced his inheritance;

(iii)Its business license is lawfully revoked;

(iv)Any other situation prescribed by law or administrative regulations has occurred.Article 27 Where a sole proprietorship enterprise is to be dissolved, the sole proprietor shall

conduct liquidation himself, or the creditors thereof may apply to the People‘s Court to designate a liquidator to conduct liquidation.Where the sole proprietor conducts liquidation himself, he shall notify the creditors fifteen days prior to liquidation, and where he is unable to give notice, he shall make a public announcement.A creditor who has received such notice shall file a claim with the sole proprietor within thirty days of notification, and a creditor who has not received such notice shall file a claim with the sole proprietor within sixty days of the public announcement.Article 28 Upon dissolution of a sole proprietorship enterprise, the former sole proprietor shall be liable to repay the debt incurred by the sole proprietorship enterprise during its existence, provided that any claim not made by the relevant creditor within five years shall be extinguished.Article 29 Upon dissolution of a sole proprietorship enterprise, its assets shall be paid out in the following order of priority:

(i)wages and social insurance premiums payable;

(ii)taxes payable;

(iii)other debts.Article 30 During liquidation, a sole proprietorship enterprise may not engage in any business activity unrelated to the liquidation.The sole proprietor may not transfer or conceal the property of the sole proprietorship enterprise prior to full payment of its debt.Article 31 Where the assets of a sole proprietorship enterprise are not sufficient to repay its debts in full, the sole proprietor shall contribute his other personal assets to cover the difference.Article 32 Upon completion of the liquidation of a sole proprietorship enterprise, the sole proprietor or the liquidator designated by the People‘s Court shall prepare a liquidation report, and shall conduct de-registration with the registration authority within fifteen days.Chapter Five: Legal Liabilities

Article 33 Where a sole proprietor, in violation of the provisions hereof, obtains registration for the sole proprietorship enterprise by submitting false documents or by other fraudulent means, he shall be ordered to rectify the situation, and shall be fined not more than five thousand Yuan;where the circumstance is serious, its business license shall be concurrently revoked.Article 34 Where the name of a sole proprietorship enterprise, in contravention to the provisions hereof, is not consistent with the name registered with the registration authority, the sole proprietorship enterprise shall be ordered to rectify the situation within a prescribed time limit, and shall be fined not more than two thousand Yuan.Article 35 Where a sole proprietorship enterprise alters, rents or assigns its business license to any other person, it shall be ordered to rectify the situation, and any resulting illegal income shall be confiscated, and the sole proprietorship enterprise shall be fined not more than three thousand Yuan;where the circumstance is serious, its business license shall be revoked.Where a person falsifies the business license of a sole proprietorship enterprise, he shall be ordered to cease his business, and any illegal income shall be confiscated, and he shall be fined not more than five thousand Yuan.Where such act constitutes a crime, criminal liability shall be imposed in accordance with the law.[NextPage]

Article 36 If a sole proprietorship enterprise fails to commence business within six months from the time of its establishment, or it ceases to carry out its business for more than six consecutive months, its business license shall be revoked.Article 37 Where a person, in violation of the provisions hereof, engages in any business activity in the name of a sole proprietorship enterprise while no business license has been issued, he shall be ordered to cease such business activity, and he shall be fined not more than three thousand Yuan.Where a registered item of a sole proprietorship enterprise has changed, if amendment registration is not carried out in accordance herewith, the sole proprietorship enterprise shall be ordered to carry out such registration within a prescribed time limit;where amendment registration is not carried out within the prescribed time limit, the sole proprietorship enterprise shall be fined not more than two thousand Yuan.Article 38 If while conducting the affairs of the sole proprietorship enterprise, the person appointed or hired by a sole proprietor breaches the contract between them, thereby causing harm to the sole proprietor, such person shall be liable for civil damages.Article 39 Where a sole proprietorship enterprise, in violation hereof, violates the lawful rights and interests of its workers, fails to ensure the safety of its workers or fails to pay their social insurance premiums, it shall be sanctioned in accordance with the relevant laws or administrative regulations, and liability shall be imposed on the relevant person.Article 40 Where the person appointed or hired by a sole proprietor infringes on the property interests of the sole proprietorship enterprise, he shall be ordered to make restitution, and where the sole proprietorship enterprise sustains any loss as a result, he shall be liable for damages in accordance with the law;where he has made any illegal gain, such illegal gain shall be confiscated;where a crime is committed, criminal liability shall be imposed.Article 41 Where a sole proprietorship enterprise is forced to contribute resources in the form of labor, goods, or funds in violation of law or administrative regulations, the responsible party shall be sanctioned in accordance with the relevant law or administrative regulation, and liability shall be imposed on the relevant person.Article 42 Where before or during the liquidation of a sole proprietorship enterprise, the sole proprietorship enterprise or the sole proprietor conceals or transfers its/his assets in order to evade debts, such assets shall be reclaimed in accordance with the law and sanction shall be imposed in accordance with the law;where such act constitutes a crime, criminal liability shall be imposed in accordance with the law.Article 43 Where the sole proprietor violates the provisions hereof, thereby incurring civil liability for damages as well as administrative or criminal fine, if his assets are not sufficient to pay the above amounts in full, or his assets are to be confiscated, satisfaction of the relevant civil liability shall have priority.Article 44 Where the registration authority grants registration to an application for the registration of sole proprietorship enterprise which fails to meet the conditions prescribed herein, or fails to grant registration to an application for registration of sole proprietorship enterprise which meets the conditions prescribed herein, the person direct responsible shall be assessed administrative penalties in accordance with the law.Where such act constitutes a crime, criminal liability shall be imposed in accordance with the law.Article 45 Where the department in charge of the registration authority compels it to grant registration to an application which fails to meet the conditions prescribed herein, or engages in cover up for an illegal registration, the person with directly responsible shall be assessed administrative penalties in accordance with the law.Where such act constitutes a crime, criminal

liability shall be imposed in accordance with the law.Article 46 Where the registration authority fails to grant registration to an application which meets the conditions prescribed herein, or fails to issue any response after the legally prescribed time limit has expired, the party may apply for administrative review or bring an administrative suit.Chapter Six: Supplementary Provisions

Article 47 This Law shall not apply to a wholly foreign-owned enterprise.Article 47 This Law shall take effect as from January 1, 2000.

第二篇：中华人民共和国个人独资企业法

中华人民共和国个人独资企业法

第二十八条 个人独资企业解散后，原投资人对个人独资企业存续期间的债务仍应承担偿还责任，但债权人在5年内未向债务人提出偿债请求的，该责任消灭。

第三十一条 个人独资企业财产不足以清偿债务的，投资人应当以其个人的其他财产予以清偿

第四十二条 个人独资企业及其投资人在清算前或清算期间隐匿或转移财产，逃避债务的，依法追回其财产，并按照有关规定予以处罚；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。

第三篇：个人独资企业法教案

经济法概论教案

个人独资企业法

教学目的要求（分掌握、熟悉、了解三个层次）：

掌握个人独资企业的概念、设立的条件；熟悉个人独资企业的出资及事务执行的有关规定；了解个人独资企业的解散和清算

教学方式、手段、媒介：

结合经济建设和改革实际采取案例教学导入,引导启发式方法进行教学.利用多媒体课件,直观形象演示个人独资企业法的概念及原理及相互之间的关系.教学内容（注明：* 重点

# 难点

？疑点）：

个人独资企业法

案例：小王认为，个体工商户和个人独资企业都是由自然人出资设立的，那么个体工商户其实就是个人独资企业。请分析小王的观点是否正确。

一、个人独资企业法概述

（一）个人独资企业的概念和特征

个人独资企业，是指依法在中国境内设立，由一个自然人投资，财产为投资人个人所有，投资人以其个人财产对企业债务承担无限责任的经营实体。

个人独资企业具有以下法律特征：（1）企业的投资人为一个自然人：（2）企业的财产为投资人个人所有，即投资人对本企业的财产依法享有所有权，其有关权利可以依法进行转让或继承：（3）企业须依法设立，即依照《中华人民共和国个人独资企业法》规定的条件与程序设立；（4）投资人以其个人全部财产对企业似的债务承担无限责任。

（二）个人独资企业法的概念

个人独资企业法是指调整在国家协调经济运行过程中发生的关于个人独资企业的各种经济关系的法律规范的总称。

个人独资企业在中国数量众多，而且符合社会主义市场经济发展的需要。《中华人民共和国个人独资企业法》（以下简称《个人独资企业法》于1999年8月30第九届全国人大常委会第十一次会议通过，并于2000年1月1日起施行。《个人独资企业法》对于促进个人独资企业规范经营、健康发展，吸纳社会劳动力，创造社会财富，具有重要意义，应该依法鼓励和正确引导个人独资企业的发展。

二、个人独资企业的设立、变更和解散

（一）个人独资企业的设立

1、设立的条件

根据《个人独资企业法》的规定，在中国境内设立个人独资企业，必须具备下列条件：（1）投资人为一个自然人；（2）有合法的企业名称；（3）有投资人申报的出资；（4）有固定的生产经营场所和必要的生产经营条件；（5）有必要的从业人员。

2、设立的程序

申请设立个人独资企业，应当有投资人或者委托的代理人向个人独资企业所在地的登记机关提交设立申请书、投资人身份证明、生产经营场所使用证明等文件。委托代理人申请设立登记时，应当出具投资人的委托书和代理人的合法证明。

个人独资企业不得从事法律、行政法规禁止经营的业务。从事法律、行政法规规定须报经有关部门审批的业务，应当在申请设立登记时提交有关部门的批准文件。

登记机关应在收到设立申请文件15日内，对符合《个人独资企业法》规定条件的，予以登记，发给营业执照。个人独资企业营业执照的签发日期为个人独资企业成立日期。

个人独资企业设立分支机构，应由投资人或其委托的代理人向分支机构所在地的登记机关申请登记，领取营业执照。分支机构的民事责任以由设立该分支机构的个人独资企业承担。

（二）个人独资企业的变更和解散

1、个人独资企业的变更

个人独资企业存续期间登记事项发生变更的，应当在作出变更决定之日起15日内依法向登记机关申请办理变更登记。

2、个人独资企业的解散

个人独资企业有下列情形之一时，应当解散：（1）投资人决定解散；（2）投资人死亡或者宣告死亡，无继承人或者继承人决定放弃继承；（3）被依法吊销营业执照；（4）法律、行政法规规定的其他情形。

3、个人独资企业的清算 个人独资企业解散，由投资人自行清算或者由债权人申请人民法院指定清算人进行清算。投资人自行清算的，应当在清算前15日内书面通知债权人，无法通知的，应当予以公告。债权人应当在接到通知之日起30日内，未接到通知的应当在公告之日起60日内，向投资人申报期债权。个人独资企业解散后，原投资人对个人独资企业存续期间的债务人应承担偿还责任。但债权人在5年内未向债务人提出偿债请求的，该责任消灭。个人独资企业解散的，财产应当按照下列顺序清偿：（1）所欠职工工资和社会保险费用；（2）所欠税款；（3）其它债务。

清算期间，个人独资企业不得开展与清算目的无关的经营活动。清算结束后，投资人或者人民法院指定的清算人应当编制清算报告，并于15日内到登记机关办理注销登记。

【例2—3】李强为在校研究生，经济上独立于其家庭。在校期间李强就做起了修理计算机生意并注册了个人企业，注册资本1000元。后生意兴隆，先后雇佣员工8人，但未给员工办理社会保险。后因经营不善，负债3万元。李强决定将企业自行解散。请分析：（1）李强设立的个人独资企业负债，债权人是否可以要求李强的父母代为清偿。（2）该个人独资企业的注册资本是否合法。（3）该个人独资企业是否应给员工办理社会保险。（4）李强将该独资企业自行解散的行为是否有效。【解析】（1）由于李强在经济上独立于其家庭，应依法以李强个人财产对企业债务承担无限责任，因此，债权人无权向起家庭求偿。（2）《个人独资企业法》规定，个人独资企业应有投资人申报的出资，但没有规定最低注册资金，因此，该个人独资企业的注册资本合法。（3）该个人独资企业应当按照《个人独资企业法》的规定，为企业员工办理社会保险。（4）李强解散个人独资企业的行为符合《个人独资企业法》的规定，行为有效。

三、个人独资企业的事务管理及权利和义务

（一）个人独资企业的事务管理 依照法律的规定，个人独资企业投资人可以自行管理企业事务，也可以委托或者聘用其他具有民事行为能力的人负责企业的事务管理。

投资人委托或者聘用他人管理个人独资企业事务，应当与受托人或者被聘用的人签订书面合同，明确委托的具体内容和授予的权力范围。受托人或者被聘用的人员应当履行诚信、勤勉义务，按照与投资人签订的合同负责个人独资企业的事务管理，不得有违反《个人独资企业法》规定的10项行为。

（二）个人独资企业的权利和义务

1、个人独资企业的权利

国家依法保护个人独资企业的财产和其他合法权益。个人独资企业依法享有经营自主权，可以依法申请贷款，可以依法取得土地使用权，并享有法律、行政法规规定的其他权利。

2、个人独资企业的义务

个人独资企业在享有权利的同时必须履行以下义务：（1）从事经营活动必须遵守法律、行政法规，遵守城市信用原则，不得损害社会公共利益；（2）应当依法履行纳税义务；（3）应当依法设置会计账簿，进行会计核算；（4）招用职工，应当依法与职工签订劳动合同，保障职工的劳动安全，按时、足额发放职工工资；（5）应当按照国家规定参加社会保险，为职工缴纳社会保险费。

讨论、思考题、作业 见作业册

第四篇：个人独资企业法案例

《中华人民共和国个人独资企业法》案例

刘某是某高校的在职研究生，经济上独立于其家庭。2000年8月在工商行政管理机关注册成立了一家主营信息咨询的个人独资企业，取名为“远大信息咨询有限公司”，注册资本为人民币一元。营业形势看好，收益甚丰。于是后来黄某与刘某协议参加该个人独资企业的投资经营，并注入投资5万元人民币。经营过程中先后共聘用工作人员10名，对此刘某认为自己开办的是私人企业，并不需要为职工办理社会保险，因此没有给职工缴纳社会保险费也没有与职工签订劳动合同。后来该独资企业经营不善导致负债10万元。刘某决定于2001年10月自行解散企业，但因为企业财产不足清偿而被债权人、企业职工诉诸人民法院。法院审理后认为刘某与黄某形成事实上的合伙关系，判决责令刘、黄补充办理职工的社会保险并缴纳保险费，由刘某与黄某对该企业的债务承担无限连带责任。

点评：

本案涉及到《个人独资企业法》(2000年1月1日施行)的适用问题。我们主要从研习该法的角度来进行分析作以下评断：

(1)、该企业的设立是否合法。根据我国《个人独资企业法》第二条、第十条的规定，自然人可以单独投资设立个人独资企业，设立时法律仅要求投资人申报出资额和出资方式但并不要求须缴纳最低注册资本金。因此刘某单独以一元人民币经法定工商登记程序投资设立个人独资企业的做法，符合法律规定。但根据第十一条的规定，“个人独资企业的名称应与其责任形式相符合”，而个人独资企业为投资人个人负无限责任，因此刘某将其取名为“远大信息咨询有限公司”违反法律规定，应予与纠正。

2)、刘某允许另一公司参加投资，共同经营的行为是否合法。根据《个人独资企业法》第二条、第八条、第十五条的规定，个人独资企业须为一个自然人单独投资设立，企业存续期间登记事项发生变更时应当在作出变更决定之日起十五日内申请办理变更登记。因此，刘某如允许他人参加投资经营，必须依法办理变更登记，并改变为其他性质的企业，因为此时已经不符合个人独资企业的法定条件了

(3)、该企业是否应当与职工签订劳动合同并为其办理社会保险。根据我国的社会保障方面的立法规定、《劳动法》的相关规定，该企业不与职工签订劳动合同不为职工办理社会保险的做法违反法律的强制性规定。《个人独资企业法》第二十二条、第二十三条的对此也作出了规定：“个人独资企业招用职工的，应当依法与职工签订劳动合同”，并“按照国家规定参加社会保险，为职工缴纳社会保险费”。因此刘某的理由不成立。

(4)、该企业的债权人在刘某不能清偿债务时能否向刘某的家庭求偿。根据《个人独资企业法》

第二条、第十八条的规定，刘某经济上独立于其家庭，且法律规定只有投资人在申请设立个人独资企业进行登记时明确以其家庭共有财产作为个人出资的，才可以依法由家庭共有财产对企业债务承担无限责任，因此债权人不能向刘某的家庭求偿，而应当是由刘某个人负无限责任。

(5)、刘某决定自行解散企业的做法是否合法。根据《个人独资企业法》第二十六条第(一)的规定，刘某作为该企业的投资人，有权决定自行解散个人独资企业，因此刘某的做法并不违法。

(6)、就本案而言，由于黄某后来加入投资经营，因此该个人独资企业事实上已转变为公民之间的合伙关系，由此，法律责任也应当由合伙人刘某、黄某承担。人民法院的判决是正确的。

第五篇：第四章 个人独资企业法

第四章 个人独资企业法

第一节 个人独资法的概述P66

个人独资企业是个人创业的主要形式。在我国，个人独资企业的发展虽然比较滞后，但自从《个人独资企业法》于2000年实施以来，也兴起了个人创办独资企业的热潮。独资企业与其它企业类型有哪些不同的特征，创办独资企业需要具备怎样的条件以及如何来创办独资企业是本章需要了解的问题。

一、个人独资企业的特征

在我国，个人独资企业是指在中国境内依法设立的，由一个自然人投资，财产为投资人个人所有，投资人以其个人财产对企业承担无限责任的经营实体。与其他企业形式相比，个人独资企业具有这样一些特征：

第一，个人独资企业是一个自然人投资兴办的企业，根据法律的规定，这一自然人还必须是中国公民。其自然人只能是中国人，且只能是一个；

第二，个人独资企业的全部财产都归于投资人个人所有，投资人对企业财产享有所有权，可以完全自主地决定企业的生产经营活动。

第三，个人独资企业的债务由投资人个人承担，投资人对个人独资企业的债务承担无限连带责任，当企业的资产不足以偿还债务时，投资人应以自己个人的全部财产承担债务的清偿。其无限责任，是指当独资企业财产不足清偿企业债务时，投资人以个人其他财产予以清偿，直至全部清偿，若不能全部清偿则个人亦破产。我国目前不实行个人破产制度，若个人财产仍不足清偿，以后也无能力清偿的，则成为无法执行的“死债”，往往被免除清偿责任。但是在我国的司法实践中，若是家庭经营的，要以其家庭共有财产承担清偿债务的责任。

第四，个人独资企业不具有法人资格。（区别于公司制企业）个人独资企业是自然人从事生产经营等民事活动的一种特殊组织形式，在这种企业中，直接享受民事权利、承担民事义务的是投资人个人，个人独资企业不是独立的民事主体，不具有法人资格。个人独资企业尽管是一个非法人企业，但可以以自己的名义从事市场经营活动。

从上述特征可以看出：我国对个人独资企业法的定位包括以下几层意思： 第一，“独资”指一个自然人投资设立的企业，投资的“自然人”仅指中国人，不包括外商。如果外国自然人单独投资在我国设立企业，应当适用外资企业法，属于外商独资企业。

第二，投资以及企业所得财产为投资人所有，投资人即企业的主人。个人独资企业的显著特征是个人所有制企业，投资人的投资以及企业所得收益均归个人所有，投资人享有企业财产所有权，其有关权利可以依法进行转让或继承。同时，投资人也是企业的负责人和代表人，享有企业的经营权和管理权。

第三，个人独资企业非法人组织，投资人以个人财产对企业债务承担无限责任。个人独资企业不是法人，它的民事权利与义务由投资人即企业的主人享有和承担，并且投资人还要以自己的个人财产对企业债务承担无限责任。虽然个人独资企业与一人公司相似，但一人公司为企业法人，公司以企业财产独立承担民事责任，出资人仅以其出资额为限对公司承担有限责任。我国法律没有一人公司的规定（国有独资公司为有限责任公司的一种特殊形式），因此，个人独资企业资本再多、人员再众、规模再大，也只能是个人独资企业，不能成为公司。由于个人独资企业投资人是以个人财产对企业债务承担无限责任，避免了一人公司股东滥用公司人格损害债权人利益的可能。

第四，该企业是设立在中国境内的一个市场经营实体，不包括个体摊贩和无必要从业人员的个体工商户。所谓“在中国境内设立”，是指在我国的国境和边境内设立，排除了国境线外的外国和与港、澳、台划定边界的港、澳、台一方。所谓“经营实体”，是指具有一定规模的生产经营组织，含固定的生产经营场所和必要的生产经营条件以及必要的从业人员。这些条件的要求，将个人独资企业与公民经登记取得营业执照从事工商业经营的个体工商户区别开来。对于那些资金雄厚，颇具规模，已经摆脱了摆摊设点、流动销售经营方式的个体工商户，如果符合个人独资企业条件的，应当允许他们转为个人独资企业。至于私营企业暂行条例中“雇工8人以上的营利性经济组织为私营企业”的规定，没有科学依据，个人独资企业法没有明确规定，因此雇工人数不能作为个人独资企业的衡量标准，但“必要的从业人员”尚需有关机关作出解释，以使司法实践有可操作性。

二、个人独资企业法的概念P67 广义和狭义之分

第二节个人独资企业的设立

一、设立条件

由于个人独资企业投资人对企业债务承担连带责任的特点，因此，法律对于个人独资企业的设立规定了较为宽松的条件。设立个人独资企业应当具备的条件主要有：

第一，投资人为一个自然人。企业投资者是一个自然人，这是个人独资企业区别于其他企业组织形式的显著特征。投资设立企业的自然人不得为法律、法规禁止从事营利性活动的人，同时，限制行为能力人和无民事行为能力人不得作为投资人申请设立独资企业。

例 如张某在某县工商局工作，因业余时间无事可作，于是决定开一家小吃店，利用业余时间经营。工商局在收到张某提交的设立个人独资企业的申请书、身份证明及生产经营场所使用证明等申请文件后，经审查后认为，张某为国家机关工作人员，不能从事营利性活动，因此，工商部门作出不予登记的决定。

第二，有合法的企业名称。企业名称是企业间相互区别的识别性标志。个人独资企业由于要以其个人财产对企业债务承担无限责任，《个人独资企业法》规定企业的名称应当与其责任形式及从事的营业相符合。因此，在个人独资企业的名称中不允许出现“有限”或“公司”字样或与企业所从事的经营内容不一致的名称。例如： 李某欲开一家经营婴幼儿玩具的小店，向工商部门申请设立个人独资企业，企业名称定为“天使宝宝玩具公司”，并提交了设立申请书等法律规定的文件。工商局在经过审查后认为，该独资企业的名称为“天使宝宝玩具公司”与其责任形式不符，也不符合法律的规定，不予登记。

可见，设立独资企业，起名也非常的重要。

第三，有投资人申报的出资。由于个人独资企业经营和决策比较灵活，并且投资人、以其个人财产对企业的债务承担无限责任，因此在设立时没有规定最低的注册资本限额。只要求个人独资企业在设立时要申报创办该企业的必要出资。所申报的出资是企业存在和发展的必备物质基础。出资形式可以多样化，可以用货币，也可以用实物、土地使用权、知识产权等财产出资。出资可以是个人财产，也可以是家庭共有财产。但是以家庭共有财产作为个为出资的，投资人应当在设立登记申请书上予以注明。

第四，有固定的生产经营场所和必要的生产经营条件。

第五、有必要的从业人员。

二、设立程序（P68一般了解）

三、个人独资企业投资者的资格限制

（1）法律、行政法规禁止从事营利性活动的人，即限制国家公务人员经商办企业，从中谋利。

（2）无民事行为能力或限制民事行为能力的人。

（3）对企业破产负有个人责任的企业的法定代表人或因违法经营被吊销执照负有个责任的企业法定代表人、投资者及其它人员，自相关事实发生起未满三年者。

（4）个人负债较多，未能及时清还者。

第三节个人独资企业的管理

一、管理方式：个人独资企业的投资人，可以自行管理企业事务，也可以委托或聘用其它具有民事行为能力的人负责企业的事务管理。

二、管理内容P71 三个方面内容（一般了解）

三、个人独资企业的权利 P71（一般了解）

第四节 个人独资企业的变更和转让

一、个人独资企业的变更

个人独资企业的变更登记，与其它企业的变更登记大同小异，注意时间，自作出变更决定之日起，15天内申请变更登记。

二、个人独资企业的转让即投资人将企业整体出让给他人的经营行为。其转让的具体规定，详见P72—73 五条规定。

第五节 个人独资企业的解散和清算

一、个人独资企业的解散即个人独资企业终止活动，使其民事主体资格归

于消灭的行为。

投资人决定解散；投资人死亡或被宣告死亡，无继承人或继承人决定放弃继承；被吊销营业执照以及法律、行政法规规定的其它情形，都可以使个人独资企业解散。

二、个人独资企业的清算

企业一旦解散，便涉及到清算问题。个人独资企业解散，既可由投资人自行清算，也可由债权人申请法院指定清算人清算。

清算的顺序：一是所欠职工工资和社保费用；二是所欠税款；三是其它债务。个企解散后，原投资人对其企业存续期间的债务仍承担偿还责任，但债权人在5年内未向债务人提出清偿请求的，该责任归于消灭。

案例分析

案例一：2006年2月，周某依照《个人独资企业法》规定，投资60万元设立了一家装饰材料厂。同年8月份，该厂聘用的业务员胡某利用外出采购原材料的机会，将其经手的17万元货款借给某个体户用于经营活动，胡某私下从该个体户处接受利息(好处费)9000元。胡某的行为使得装饰材料厂资金周转困难，影响了正常的生产经营活动。周某要求胡某尽快归还借出的资金，但胡某不仅不归还资金，反而不辞而别。周某遂向公安机关举报。公安机关经过侦查后，以涉嫌犯公司、企业人员受贿罪和挪用资金罪，依法将胡某逮捕，并追回全部借出的资金。此后，胡某后悔不已：“我原以为占用企业货款是民事纠纷，没想到是犯罪行为。”

问：胡某的行为属于民事纠纷还是犯罪行为？为什么？

答案：这是一起个人独资企业的雇员侵害本企业的财产利益而被追究刑事责任的案件，胡某的行为不属于一般的民事纠纷，而属于犯罪行为。

一是胡某的行为已构成受贿罪。按《刑法》规定，公司、企业的工作人员利用职务上的便利，索取他人财物或者非法收受他人财物，为他人谋取利益，数额较大的行为。且行为人在主观方面是直接故意，明知索贿或受贿是利用职务上的便利实施的；在客观方面表现为利用职务上的便利，索取或者收受数额较大的财物，则构成受贿罪。本案中胡某的行为已触犯《刑法》这一规定，因而构成受贿罪被予以逮捕。

二是胡某有行为还构成了挪用资金罪。该罪指公司、企业或者其他单位的工作人员，利用职务上的便利，挪用本单位资金归个人使用或者借贷给他人、数额较大、超过三个月未还的，或者虽未超过三个月，但数额较大、进行营利活动的，或者进行非法活动的行为。胡某的行为无论出于何种动机均属于挪用企业资金，则构成挪用资金罪。

综上所述，周某的行为实际上已经触犯了《刑法》中规定的公司、企业人员受贿罪和挪用资金罪，被依法逮捕，咎由自取。