张彤禾：中国工人的声音TED演讲词

第一篇：张彤禾：中国工人的声音TED演讲词

Hi.So I’d like to talk a little bit about the people who make the things we use every day: our shoes, our handbags, our computers and cell phones.Now , this is a conversation that often calls up a lot of guilt.Imagine the teenage farm girl who makes less than a dollar an hour stitching your running shoes, or the young Chinese man who jumps off a rooftop after working overtime assembling your iPad.We, the beneficiaries of globalization, seem to exploit these victims with every purchase we make, and the injustice feels embedded in the products themselves.After all, what’s wrong with a world in which a worker on an iPhone assembly line can’t even afford to buy one? It’s taken for granted that Chinese factories are oppressive, and that it’s our desire for cheap goods that makes them so.So, this simple narrative equating Western demand and Chinese suffering is appealing, especially at a time when many of us already feel guilty about our impact on the world, but it’s also inaccurate and disrespectful.We must be peculiarly self-obsessed to imagine that we have the power to drive tens of millions people on the other side of the world to migrate and suffer in such terrible ways.In fact, China makes good for markets all over the world, including its own, thanks to a combination of factors: its low costs, its large and educated workforce, and a flexible manufacturing system that responds quickly to market demands.By focusing so much on ourselves and our gadgets, we have rendered the individuals on the other

end into invisibility, as tiny and interchangeable as the parts of a mobile phone.Chinese workers are not forced into factories because of our insatiable desire for iPods.They choose to leave their homes in order to earn money, to learn new skills, and to see the world.In the ongoing debate about globalization, what’s been missing is the voices of the workers themselves.Here are a few.Bao Yongxiu:” My mother tells me to come home and get married, but if I marry now, before I have fully developed myself, I can only marry an ordinary worker, so I’m not in a rush.” Chen Ying:” when I went home for the new year, everyone said I had changed.They asked me, what did you do that you have changed so much? I told them that I studied and worked hard.If you tell them more, they won’t understand anyway.” Wu Chunming:”Even if I make a lot of money, it won’t satisfy me.Just to make money is not enough meaning in life.” Xiao Jin:” Now, after I get off work, I study English, because in the future, our customers won’t be only Chinese, so we must learn more languages.” All of these speakers, by the way, are young women, 18 or 19 years old.So I spent two years getting to know assembly line workers like these in the south China factory city called Dongguan.Certain subjects came up over and over: how much money they made, what kind of husband they hoped to marry, whether they should jump to another factory or stay where they were.Other subjects came up almost never, including living conditions that to me looked close to prison life: 10or 15

workers in one room, 50 people sharing a single bathroom, days and night ruled by the factory clock.Everyone they knew lived in similar circumstances, and it was still better than the dormitories and homes of rural China.The workers rarely spoke about the products they made, and they often had great difficulty explaining what exactly they did.When I asked Lu Qingmin, the young woman I got to know best, what exactly she did on the factory floor.She said something to me in Chinese that sounds like “qiu xi”.Only much later did I realize that she had been saying “QC”,or quality control.She couldn’t even tell me what she did on the factory floor.All she could do was parrot a garbled abbreviation in a language she didn’t even understand.Karl Marx saw this as the tragedy of capitalism, the alienation of the worker from the product of his labor.Unlike, say, a traditional maker of shoes or cabinets, the worker in an industrial factory has no control, no pleasure, and no true satisfaction or understanding in her own work.But like so many theories that Marx arrived at sitting in the reading room of the British Museum, he got this one wrong.Just because a person spends her time making a piece of something does not mean that she becomes that, a piece of something.What she does with the money she earns, what she learns in that place, and how it changes her, these are the things that matter.What a factory makes is never the point, and the workers could not care less who buys their products.Journalistic coverage of Chinese factories, on the other

hand, plays up this relationship between the workers and the products they make.Many articles calculate: How long would it take for this worker in order to earn enough money to buy what he’s making? For example, an entry-level line assembly line worker in China in an iPhone plant would have to shell out two and a half months’ wages for an iPhone.But how meaningful is this calculation, really? For example, I recently wrote an article in The New Yorker magazine, but I can’t afford to buy an ad in it.But, who cares? I don’t want an ad in The New Yorker, and most of these workers don’t really want iPhones.Their caculations are different.How long should I stay in this factory? How much money can I save? How much will it take to buy an apartment or a car, to get married, or to put my child through school? The workers I got to know had a curiously abstract relationship with the product of their labor.About a year I met Lu Qingmin, or Min, she invited me to her family village for the Chinese New Year.On the train home, sha gave me a present: a Coach brand change purse with brown leather trim.I thanked her, assuming it was fake, like almost everything else for sale in Dongguan.After we got home, Min gave her mother another present: a pink Dooney & Bourke handbag, and a few nights later, her sister was showing off a maroon LeSportsac shoulder bag.Slowly it downing on me that these handbags were made by their factory, and every single one of them was authentic.Min’s sister aid to her parents, “ In America , this bag sells for 320 dollars.” Her

parents, who are both farmers, looked on, speechless.“And that’s not all—— Coach is coming out with a new line, 2191,” she said.” One bag will sell for 6,000.” She paused and said,” I don’t know if that’s 6,000 yuan or 6,000 American dollars, but anyway, it’s 6,000.” Min’s sister’s boyfriend, who had traveled home with her for the new year, said.“It doesn’t look like it’s worth that much.” Min’s sister turned to him and said,” some people actually understand there things.You don’t understand shit.” In Min’s word, the Coach bags had a curious currency.They won’t exactly worthless,but they were nothing close to the value, because almost no one they knew wanted to buy one, or knew how much it was worth.Once, when Min’s older sister’s friend got married, she brought a hand bag along as a wedding present.Another time, after Min had already left the handbag factory, her younger sister came to visit, bringing two Coach Signature handbags as gifts.I looked in the zippered pocket of one, and I found a printed card in English, which read, “An American classic.In 1941, the burnished patina of an all-American baseball glove inspired the founder of Coach to create a new collection of handbag from the same luxuriously soft gloved-hand leather.

第二篇：张彤禾TED演讲

嗨。今天我想来探讨一下 这些为我们制造日常用品的人们： 例如我们的鞋子，手提包，电脑，还有手机。这个话题时常让我们觉得很内疚。想象一下，一个年轻的农村女孩给你缝制跑步鞋 可每个小时还赚不到一美金，又或者是那个加班为你组装iPad的中国小伙子 在加班之后从楼上跳了下来。我们，是全球化的受益者，可每笔交易却似乎都是在剥削那些受害者，而这种不公平似乎也深深烙印在这些产品之中。总而言之，这个世界到底怎么了？ 一个在组装iphone生产线上的员工却买不起一台iphone？ 人们理所当然地认为，中国的工厂就是应该被压榨的，因为我们渴求便宜的产品 造成了这样的局面。

很显然，西方社会的需求 和中国人对他们遭遇的申诉被连接在一起，尤其是当我们中的很多人已经因为我们对世界影响 而感到了内疚，然而，这是不正确的，也是不尊重他人的。我们极其自恋地去想象着 我们有力量去操控地球另一边 千万的人民，让他们以如此可怕的方式去遭受痛苦或者迁移。事实上，中国制造的产品遍布全球，也包括他们自己的市场，这要归结于许多因素的综合： 低成本，大量受过教育的劳动力，还有有弹性的工作制度 这些都快速地迎合了市场的需求。我们因为太专注于我们自身和产品上，所以忽视了产业链另一端的个体的存在 将他们看成是可以随时被替换的，微小的 像手机零件那样。

中国工人并不是因为我们对于iPods的无限渴求 而被迫进入工厂的。他们选择离乡背井，是为了赚钱，为了学习新的技能，以及为了看看这个世界。在对全球化发展趋势的辩论中 我们缺失的，是聆听工人们自己的声音。

以下就是一些例子。

包永秀（音译）说：“我妈妈让我回家结婚 但是如果我还没有让自己得到充分的发展 就结婚，我只能嫁给一个平凡的工人，所以我根本不着急。”

陈颖（音译）说：“我过年回家的时候 每个人都说我变了，他们问我： 你怎么会有这么大的改变？ 我告诉他们，我很努力地学习和工作，即便你想给他们讲更多，他们反正也不能理解。” 吴春明（音译）： “即使我赚了很多钱 也无法满足我自己。赚钱并不是生活全部的意义。” 肖金（音译）说： “现在我下班以后，就会去学英语 因为在不久的将来，我们的客户将不仅仅是中国人，所以，我们需要学习更多的语言。”

以上的话，都是出自一些年轻女孩的口，她们仅仅18、19岁。

因此，我花了两年时间去了解流水工作线上的工人们 例如在中国南部的一个工业城市——东莞。有一些主要的问题不断的重复着： 他们到底赚了多少钱，她们想要嫁给怎样的人，他们是否想要跳槽 还是留在一个工厂内。另一些话题，则几乎不被提起 例如：在我眼中如牢狱般的生活条件 10-15个工人住在一个房间里，50个人公用一个厕所，日以继夜地按照工厂的要求来作息。他们每一个人都知道，即便是住在如此的环境里面 也会比他们在中国农村的老家的条件 好得多

工人们很少谈论他们制造的产品，他们往往很难解释清楚 他们到底做了什么。我访问了吕清民（音译）这个年轻的女孩是我最了解的，我问她她在工厂里到底从事什么工作 她用中文告诉我，听起来像是 “秋西。” 很久以后，我才知道她说的是 “QC”，也就是质量监控。她竟然都不能告诉我她在工厂里做的是什么。她能做的就只是模仿一个英文缩写的发音 而这个语言是她根本就不懂的。

马克思认为这就是资本主义的悲哀 疏远了工人与他们所制造的产品。与传统的鞋匠或者木匠不同，工人在工厂没有控制权，在她所做的工作中，没有快乐，没有真正的满足或理解。但同许多马克思 坐在英国图书馆的阅读室里想出来理论一样，这一点，他错了。仅仅因为一个人用她的时间 去制造一件物品，并不代表 她就变成了这件物品。她用她赚的钱去做了什么 她在那个地方学到了什么技能，以及她如何被改变 这些才是重要的。一个工厂制造什么并非重点，工人们也不在乎谁买了他们制造的产品。

记者报道了关于中国工厂的新闻 另一方面，也强调了 工人与产品之间的联系。很多文章都在计算： 这些工人要工作多久，赚来的钱 才够买一件他们制作的产品？ 举个例子，一个初级组装生产线的工人 在中国组装iPhone配件 要倾其2个半月的工资才能买一台iPhone。

但说真的，这些计算有任何意义吗？ 再举个例子，我最近写了一篇文章 登在纽约客杂志上，但是也供不起我在杂志上登一个广告。但是，谁在乎？我不需要在纽约客上登广告 其实，大部分的工人，也不是真的需要iPhone。他们的计算方式是不同的。我在工厂要待多久？ 我能存多少钱？ 我需要多少钱才能买个房子，买辆车，才能结婚，或者足以送我的小孩去学校？

这些我试图去了解的工人们 对他们和产品之间的联系有着很抽象的解读。大概在我遇到陆青敏，也就是小敏的一年后 她邀请我去她农村的家做客 过春节。在回家的火车上，她给了我一个礼物： 一个棕色皮质的Coach牌零钱包。我谢了她，虽然我很自然地认为这应该是个山寨的产品，就好像东莞在出售的大部分产品一样。回家以后，小敏给了她妈妈另一个礼物：一个Dooney & Bourke牌的粉色手提包，几天以后，她的姐姐正在展示 一个红褐色的LeSportsac单肩包。慢慢地，我好想明白了 这些东西都是她们工厂生产的 每一件东西，都是正品

小敏的姐姐告诉她父母 “在美国，这个包要卖320美金。” 她的农民父母看了看，无言以对。还有，Coach正在推出一系列新产品2191 她说：“这个好像要卖6000。” 她停顿了一下：“我不知道是6000人民币，还是 6000美元，无论如何都是6000啦。”（笑声）

小敏姐姐的男友也回到家 与她一起过年，他说：“看起来不值这么多钱。”

小敏的姐姐对他说：“有的人 就是懂这些东西，你懂啥。”

（笑声）（掌声）

在小敏的世界里，Coach包包有一个很奇怪的价值。它们虽然不是一文不值，但是相比起它们的实际价值 还是相差甚远，因为她们所结识的人里面 几乎没有人想要买，也没有人知道这值多少钱。有一次，小敏大姐的一个朋友结婚 她带着一个手提包作为给新人的礼物。又一次，小敏已经离开手提包的工厂了 但她的小妹妹来看她的时候 带了两个经典款Coach作为礼物。

我打开一个有拉链的口袋 看到一张卡片写着一些英文： “美国经典。1941年那些表皮磨光的美国棒球手套 启发了Coach的创始人 促使其研发了一个新系列的手提包： 奢华、柔软的的表面和手套的皮质一样。6名技巧纯熟的皮革工人制造12只经典款手提包 他们有着精准而快速的手艺。这些手提包新颖，具有相当的功能性，世界各地的女人都喜欢 一个新的美国经典诞生了。” 我想知道马克思是否会被小敏 和她的姐妹所影响。她们与产品之间的关系 更复杂、惊奇而且有趣 这都超出他的想象。但是，他对这个世界的观点没变，而我们却将 这些工人们看成是一群上不了台面的群体，想象一下，假如我们可以了解工人们的真实想法。

我第一次见到小敏的时候，她刚满18岁 她刚刚辞去在一家电子设备工厂的 组装生产线的工作。接下来的两年，我看着她换了5次工作，最后固定在一个比较赚钱的职位 是在一个硬件工厂的采购部门。不久，她嫁给了一个打工仔，然后移居到了他的村子，生了两个女儿，他们存够了钱给她买了一辆二手别克车 给她的父母买了房子。最近她独自回到东莞 在一个起重机工厂里找了份工作，暂时与她村里的丈夫和孩子 分居两地。

在最近的一封邮件里，她解释： “人们年轻的时候，应该有所抱负 那么在他们老的时候，回首过去 就不会觉得这一生都毫无意义。”

在中国，有1亿5千万像她一样的工人，其中三分之一，是离乡背井的女性，她们在工厂、酒店、餐厅 或者是大城市的建筑工地工作。这么算来，是她们创造了历史上一个庞大的人口迁移的数字，而这个产业链的起点，就是“全球化”的风靡 从中国的农村 到最终进入我们口袋里的iPhone和脚上的耐克 还有手中的Coach手提包 这改变了数百万人的 工作、婚姻、生活和思想。他们其中很少有人 愿意回到过去的生活。

我第一次去东莞的时候，我很担心 担心与工人相处的时间会很压抑沮丧。我也担心他们永远不会改变，或者他们也没有什么能对我说的。然而，我发现那些年轻的女性都很聪明、风趣而且

勇敢、大方。通过向我展示她们的生活，她们教给我很多关于工厂 关于中国，以及如何生存在这个世界的道理。

这就是小敏在回家的火车上 送给我的Coach钱包。我一直保存着它，由此提醒着我与这些 我记录过的年轻女生的联系，这些并不是因为经济而是因为个人情感的联系，价值并不是在于金钱而是记忆。这个钱包也是一个提醒，你坐在办公室或图书馆里时所想象的东西 和你走出去真正接触的东西 并不一样。

谢谢。（掌声）（掌声）

谢谢，Leslie，真的很有见地 我们中很多人从未这么思考过。但是我很好奇，如果你有一分钟时间 对Apple制造商的领导人说一些话 你会说什么？

一分钟？

是的，一分钟。（笑声）

你们知道吗，那些工人们真正启发我的 是他们的自我激励、自我推进 还有足智多谋，都深深警醒着我 他们最想要的是教育，是学习只是因为他们大部分有着穷困的家庭背景。他们通常中学就离开学校了。他们的父母大都是文盲，他们独自来到城市打拼 晚上或者周末，他们去学习电脑的课程，或者是学英语，就是学一些真的非常非常基本的东西，你知道吗？例如如何在Word里面打字 或者用英语讲一些简单的事情。所以，如果你们想要帮助那些工人 开展一些小型、集中、基础的课程 这会带来的结果就是 你的工人得到了提升，但是希望，他们也会晋升到Apple更高的职位中 你可以帮助他们适应社会流动性 帮助他们得到自我的提升。当你于工人们交谈，你就会知道这就是他们所要的。他们不会说：我想要浴室里有更热的水 我想要一间更好的房间，想要一个电视 我的意思是，有这些东西固然很好 但是他们来到这个城市不是为了这些，而且他们根本不在乎。

他们有没有说过 生活环境真的很艰苦，或者是 自我得到提升以后，这些东西 也会得到相应改善？

当然，当然了。我是说，大家都知道 这其实很有趣，我花了大概2年时间 在东莞生活 在这个时间里面，你可以看到每个人的生活 都在起着巨大的变化：变得更好，变坏，或者偏离轨道但总体来说，都是在进步的。只要你花足够的时间，就会变好 如果一个人十年前来到城市现在应该已经成为城市的中层阶级，所以总体趋势一定是变好的。只不过你初入城市的时候一下子还无法感知。看起来好像每个人都很穷 很失落，但这都不是真实的。可以肯定，工厂的环境十分艰苦 在坐的你我都不会愿意前往，但是比起他们所来自的地方，站在工人的角度来看 这都是值得的，他们也希望 所去的地方这些都会得到改善，我只想 把他们所想的东西陈述出来 而这些并不等同于你们所认定的东西。

感谢你的演讲。非常感谢。（掌声）

第三篇：杨澜TED演讲词

Yang Lan: The generation that's remaking China

Please analyze the speech in terms of the following aspects: 1.The three major components : introduction, body and conclusion;how does the speaker achieve coherence in the body part and present her opinions clearly? 2.What method does the speaker use to make her speech more appealing? The night before I was heading for Scotland, I was invited to host the final of “China's Got Talent” show in Shanghai with the 80,000 live audience in the stadium.Guess who was the performing guest? Susan Boyle.And I told her, “I'm going to Scotland the next day.” She sang beautifully, and she even managed to say a few words in Chinese.[Chinese] So it's not like “hello” or “thank you,” that ordinary stuff.It means “green onion for free.” Why did she say that? Because it was a line from our Chinese parallel Susan Boyle--a 50-some year-old woman, a vegetable vendor in Shanghai, who loves singing Western opera, but she didn't understand any English or French or Italian, so she managed to fill in the lyrics with vegetable names in Chinese.(Laughter)And the last sentence of Nessun Dorma that she was singing in the stadium was “green onion for free.” So [as] Susan Boyle was saying that, 80,000 live audience sang together.That was hilarious.So I guess both Susan Boyle and this vegetable vendor in Shanghai belonged to otherness.They were the least expected to be successful in the business called entertainment, yet their courage and talent brought them through.And a show and a platform gave them the stage to realize their dreams.Well, being different is not that difficult.We are all different from different perspectives.But I think being different is good, because you present a different point of view.You may have the chance to make a difference.My generation has been very fortunate to witness and participate in the historic transformation of China that has made so many changes in the past 20, 30 years.I remember that in the year of 1990, when I was graduating from college, I was applying for a job in the sales department of the first five-star hotel in Beijing, Great Wall Sheraton--it's still there.So after being interrogated by this Japanese manager for a half an hour, he finally said, “So, Miss Yang, do you have any questions to ask me?” I summoned my courage and poise and said, “Yes, but could you let me know, what actually do you sell?” I didn't have a clue what a sales department was about in a five-star hotel.That was the first day I set my foot in a five-star hotel.Around the same time, I was going through an audition--the first ever open audition by national television in China--with another thousand college girls.The producer told us they were looking for some sweet, innocent and beautiful fresh face.So when it was my turn, I stood up and

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said, “Why [do] women's personalities on television always have to be beautiful, sweet, innocent and, you know, supportive? Why can't they have their own ideas and their own voice?” I thought I kind of offended them.But actually, they were impressed by my words.And so I was in the second round of competition, and then the third and the fourth.After seven rounds of competition, I was the last one to survive it.So I was on a national television prime-time show.And believe it or not, that was the first show on Chinese television that allowed its hosts to speak out of their own minds without reading an approved script.(Applause)And my weekly audience at that time was between 200 to 300 million people.Well after a few years, I decided to go to the U.S.and Columbia University to pursue my postgraduate studies, and then started my own media company, which was unthought of during the years that I started my career.So we do a lot of things.I've interviewed more than a thousand people in the past.And sometimes I have young people approaching me say, “Lan, you changed my life,” and I feel proud of that.But then we are also so fortunate to witness the transformation of the whole country.I was in Beijing's bidding for the Olympic Games.I was representing the Shanghai Expo.I saw China embracing the world and vice versa.But then sometimes I'm thinking, what are today's young generation up to? How are they different, and what are the differences they are going to make to shape the future of China, or at large, the world? So today I want to talk about young people through the platform of social media.First of all, who are they? [What] do they look like? Well this is a girl called Guo Meimei--20 years old, beautiful.She showed off her expensive bags, clothes and car on her microblog, which is the Chinese version of Twitter.And she claimed to be the general manager of Red Cross at the Chamber of Commerce.She didn't realize that she stepped on a sensitive nerve and aroused national questioning, almost a turmoil, against the credibility of Red Cross.The controversy was so heated that the Red Cross had to open a press conference to clarify it, and the investigation is going on.So far, as of today, we know that she herself made up that title--probably because she feels proud to be associated with charity.All those expensive items were given to her as gifts by her boyfriend, who used to be a board member in a subdivision of Red Cross at Chamber of Commerce.It's very complicated to explain.But anyway, the public still doesn't buy it.It is still boiling.It shows us a general mistrust of government or government-backed institutions, which lacked transparency in the past.And also it showed us the power and the impact of social media as microblog.Microblog boomed in the year of 2010, with visitors doubled and time spent on it tripled.Sina.com, a major news portal, alone has more than 140 million microbloggers.On Tencent, 200 million.The most popular blogger--it's not me--it's a movie star, and she has more than 9.5

million followers, or fans.About 80 percent of those microbloggers are young people, under 30 years old.And because, as you know, the traditional media is still heavily controlled by the government, social media offers an opening to let the steam out a little bit.But because you don't have many other openings, the heat coming out of this opening is sometimes very strong, active and even violent.So through microblogging, we are able to understand Chinese youth even better.So how are they different? First of all, most of them were born in the 80s and 90s, under the one-child policy.And because of selected abortion by families who favored boys to girls, now we have ended up with 30 million more young men than women.That could pose a potential danger to the society, but who knows;we're in a globalized world, so they can look for girlfriends from other countries.Most of them have fairly good education.The illiteracy rate in China among this generation is under one percent.In cities, 80 percent of kids go to college.But they are facing an aging China with a population above 65 years old coming up with seven-point-some percent this year, and about to be 15 percent by the year of 2030.And you know we have the tradition that younger generations support the elders financially, and taking care of them when they're sick.So it means young couples will have to support four parents who have a life expectancy of 73 years old.So making a living is not that easy for young people.College graduates are not in short supply.In urban areas, college graduates find the starting salary is about 400 U.S.dollars a month, while the average rent is above $500.So what do they do? They have to share space--squeezed in very limited space to save money--and they call themselves “tribe of ants.” And for those who are ready to get married and buy their apartment, they figured out they have to work for 30 to 40 years to afford their first apartment.That ratio in America would only cost a couple five years to earn, but in China it's 30 to 40 years with the skyrocketing real estate price.Among the 200 million migrant workers, 60 percent of them are young people.They find themselves sort of sandwiched between the urban areas and the rural areas.Most of them don't want to go back to the countryside, but they don't have the sense of belonging.They work for longer hours with less income, less social welfare.And they're more vulnerable to job losses, subject to inflation, tightening loans from banks, appreciation of the renminbi, or decline of demand from Europe or America for the products they produce.Last year, though, an appalling incident in a southern OEM manufacturing compound in China: 13 young workers in their late teens and early 20s committed suicide, just one by one like causing a contagious disease.But they died because of all different personal reasons.But this whole incident aroused a huge outcry from society about the isolation, both physical and mental, of these migrant workers.For those who do return back to the countryside, they find themselves very welcome locally, because with the knowledge, skills and networks they have learned in the cities, with the assistance of the Internet, they're able to create more jobs, upgrade local agriculture and create new business in the less developed market.So for the past few years, the coastal areas, they found themselves in a shortage of labor.These diagrams show a more general social background.The first one is the Engels coefficient, which explains that the cost of daily necessities has dropped its percentage all through the past decade, in terms of family income, to about 37-some percent.But then in the last two years, it goes up again to 39 percent, indicating a rising living cost.The Gini coefficient has already passed the dangerous line of 0.4.Now it's 0.5--even worse than that in America--showing us the income inequality.And so you see this whole society getting frustrated about losing some of its mobility.And also, the bitterness and even resentment towards the rich and the powerful is quite widespread.So any accusations of corruption or backdoor dealings between authorities or business would arouse a social outcry or even unrest.So through some of the hottest topics on microblogging, we can see what young people care most about.Social justice and government accountability runs the first in what they demand.For the past decade or so, a massive urbanization and development have let us witness a lot of reports on the forced demolition of private property.And it has aroused huge anger and frustration among our young generation.Sometimes people get killed, and sometimes people set themselves on fire to protest.So when these incidents are reported more and more frequently on the Internet, people cry for the government to take actions to stop this.So the good news is that earlier this year, the state council passed a new regulation on house requisition and demolition and passed the right to order forced demolition from local governments to the court.Similarly, many other issues concerning public safety is a hot topic on the Internet.We heard about polluted air, polluted water, poisoned food.And guess what, we have faked beef.They have sorts of ingredients that you brush on a piece of chicken or fish, and it turns it to look like beef.And then lately, people are very concerned about cooking oil, because thousands of people have been found [refining] cooking oil from restaurant slop.So all these things have aroused a huge outcry from the Internet.And fortunately, we have seen the government responding more timely and also more frequently to the public concerns.While young people seem to be very sure about their participation in public policy-making, but sometimes they're a little bit lost in terms of what they want for their personal life.China is soon to pass the U.S.as the number one market for luxury brands--that's not including the

Chinese expenditures in Europe and elsewhere.But you know what, half of those consumers are earning a salary below 2,000 U.S.dollars.They're not rich at all.They're taking those bags and clothes as a sense of identity and social status.And this is a girl explicitly saying on a TV dating show that she would rather cry in a BMW than smile on a bicycle.But of course, we do have young people who would still prefer to smile, whether in a BMW or [on] a bicycle.So in the next picture, you see a very popular phenomenon called “naked” wedding, or “naked” marriage.It does not mean they will wear nothing in the wedding, but it shows that these young couples are ready to get married without a house, without a car, without a diamond ring and without a wedding banquet, to show their commitment to true love.And also, people are doing good through social media.And the first picture showed us that a truck caging 500 homeless and kidnapped dogs for food processing was spotted and stopped on the highway with the whole country watching through microblogging.People were donating money, dog food and offering volunteer work to stop that truck.And after hours of negotiation, 500 dogs were rescued.And here also people are helping to find missing children.A father posted his son's picture onto the Internet.After thousands of [unclear], the child was found, and we witnessed the reunion of the family through microblogging.So happiness is the most popular word we have heard through the past two years.Happiness is not only related to personal experiences and personal values, but also, it's about the environment.People are thinking about the following questions: Are we going to sacrifice our environment further to produce higher GDP? How are we going to perform our social and political reform to keep pace with economic growth, to keep sustainability and stability? And also, how capable is the system of self-correctness to keep more people content with all sorts of friction going on at the same time? I guess these are the questions people are going to answer.And our younger generation is going to transform this country while at the same time being transformed themselves.Thank you very much.

第四篇：读张彤禾《打工女孩》的一些感想

我至今都无法忘记2011年的某个早上9点不到在陕西南路地铁站里发生的情景。

那是一个上海最普通的上班早高峰，时间接近9点，人流紧张、拥挤地从车厢涌出赶往市中心写字楼。陕西南路地铁站台上一个20多岁的男性农民工坐在站台的地板上，背靠着一根柱子，身边放着一个硕大的三色编织袋，抱着自己的膝盖伤心地痛哭。那样伤心欲绝的哭泣让我再也没法忘却，他不是乞丐，面前没有“借我5元买包子”的纸条，他没有向任何人乞讨或是请求帮助，他只是专心致志地一个人坐在地上哭泣。一个20多岁的大男人在大庭广众之下这样伤心的哭，我还是第一次看到。是什么让他这样伤心？身边的编织袋仿佛说明这是一个刚来上海或是正要离开上海的打工仔。难道是被人骗了？被拖欠了工资？辛苦赚来的钱被地铁上的小偷偷走了？不知道，一切都只是猜测。

我路过他身边，看了一眼手表，马上就要到9点了，快迟到了，迟疑了几秒，我默默地混入了如织的人流中，和当时的每个人一起消失得无影无踪。当我刚走过他身边的时候我就后悔了，可是我却没有停下我的脚步。我想我总可以，起码总应该去问一声“你怎么了？需要帮忙吗？”但是我没有，我什么也没做，一声不吭。

在我们不断抱怨这个世界从什么时候开始变得越来越冷漠开始，有没有想过，你可能也是这冷漠中的一份子。“每个人都有机会选择”。刘瑜在《送你一颗子弹》里写道“上至老右派，下至红卫兵，几乎人人都自称是牺牲品。”，“如果你在这一切运动中一直保持沉默，那么当你被卷入政治斗争的机器中血肉横飞时，你要知道，不是别人，你，你自己，是自己的掘墓人。”

但我们究竟能做些什么呢？除了问一句“需要帮助吗？”，以及在微博上的各种转发以外。

《打工女孩》读到一半的时候，我发现我其实跟那些农民工打工妹没什么本质区别。唯一的区别可能是我出生在上海，他们出生在农村或是小城市。我没有生活的压力，不愁吃穿，这可能是我跟他们唯一的区别。

我们公司的财务部占据了一个楼层，我每次到财务部办事，躲在密集的格子间里的同事们都面无表情，无比安静，忙忙碌碌地忙于手头的工作。

中午吃饭的时间到了，大家才恢复了活力，叽叽喳喳，三三两两挤在电梯间的楼道里聊天，间或传出爽朗的笑声，和工作时的她们完全判若两人。

我们公司财务部的男女比例大概是10/1，流动性极大，似乎一个人不可能掌握公司财务的所有政策和规则，每一个工作都被按照功能，公司，部门

等细分到每一个个人，每一个格子间。当这个人走了，会立刻有一个人来填补这个格子间的空缺，悄无声息地工作着。

她们跟外来打工妹的唯一区别可能是，她们休息时谈论的是假期去哪个城市或是国家度假，而打工妹们可能从来没有想过旅游这档子事。

读这本书能让我想起很多，我又想起了一次跟男友一起在地铁上听到的一段对话。一对虽然穿得很城市化，但还是能一眼看出是农民工的年轻情侣，男的接到一个电话，是他的一个朋友打来的。男青年大声地讲着电话，以至于我在完全听不到对方讲话的情况下，依然可以知道整个对话的内容。

大意是，男青年那个朋友的女朋友快过生日了，他想问男青年借钱给女朋友买个像样的礼物。男青年大声询问他准备买什么，对方说想买一台数码相机送给女朋友，因为他女朋友喜欢拍照。男青年立刻质问起他来，“为什么要送数码相机啊？一台数码相机要多少钱？什么？要1000块钱？你为什么要送数码相机呢？送点别的不好吗？比如送一些花，买个蛋糕都可以啊，你为什么要送数码相机，这玩意儿，真是搞不懂啊！”

刚巧那段时间我和男友也准备换相机，听到这段对话，我俩面面相觑了好一会儿。我们那段时间讨论最多的也是相机，纠结于要买sony的哪一款微单，是4000多的Nex-5R呢，还是3000多最新的那款Nex-3N，我们还计划之后要买一个中高端的单反。但是听到一个农民工为了买一台1000多块的数码相机还要问朋友借钱，朋友还对他的这一行为各种质疑批判，我有点懵了，并不是同情，也没有愧疚，只是当一个完全陌生的现实突然展现在我眼前，可能只是露出了它的一角而已，但已经足以使我惊讶，难过了。他们跟我仿佛完全是两个世界的人，过着两个世界的生活，不会有交集，也不会有什么共同语言。但是他们跟我一样也有喜欢的东西，喜欢的人，有自己想过的生活，他们背井离乡，可能付出了比我多得多的努力，但是他们却得到的那么少。

何伟带给我们的是我们一直视而不见的世界，张彤禾的这本书也同样，呈现了一个即熟悉，又陌生的世界。每天走在路上，我们多少都会遇见各种各样的打工仔，外来妹，但是从来没有真正想过要去了解他们的生活，他们的想法，他们的喜怒哀乐。城市里的人习惯性地看不起他们，对他们不削一顾，取笑他们的杀马特造型。

书里大部分的农民工努力实现的第一个梦想和目标就是在公司里做文员，秘书，前台接待员或是销售助理。人不愿意成为机器，不愿意成为流水线上的一个机械手臂，每天做着同样的

事。但是成了文员，秘书之后呢？其实工作只是变着花样的让你成为了另一个制造零件。所以一个人的终极梦想到底应该是什么？看着他们成天为了生活压力工作存钱。我每天没有工作压力，上班下班，为了实现自己的职业理想？为了不断地升值加薪？为了有一个工作而工作？为了不让父母担心？

我有什么资格看不起他们，其实我跟他们是一样的。他们可能并不祈求别人对他们的同情和帮助，他们说的最多的一句座右铭就是“人只能靠自己”，他们可能只有在讨薪或是受伤，自杀的时候会得到一点社会的关注与讨论，但其实他们最需要的只是尊重和平等。

在第一届中国达人秀上有个来自河南郑州的女孩叫雍梦亭，她在一家电子工厂的流水线上工作，她的打扮很非主流，她自己也说她喜欢非主流，她跳的舞更是毫无艺术美感可言，台下的观众从一开始的嘲笑，嘘声，到最后的感动流泪。中间评委问起了她家里的情况以及工作的情况，这个女孩始终给人一种无忧无虑的感觉，即使她的父亲由于车祸腿部受伤，并且重病缠身，全家都靠她一个月2000块钱的辛苦工作维持生活。但是从她的诉说中听不出丝毫的苦难，她不像其他选手上台就是准备好了一个苦情的故事而来，酝酿好了一腔悲痛而来，她居然是快乐的！让人吃惊和震惊的快乐！她最开心的时刻，就是她忘我舞蹈的时刻，也许只有在那一刻，才是她将她还无法体会到但切实存在的苦楚宣泄出去的唯一途径。

他们不叫杀马特，不叫洗剪吹，不叫打工妹，外来妹，硬盘„„他们每个人都有自己的名字和故事，他们也许在有些方面很可笑，但是我们没有资格嘲弄他们，歧视他们。请尊重平等地对待他们。

第五篇：张彤科普征文

神秘的海洋

张彤七年级十一班

碧蓝碧蓝的海水在骄阳下被染成红色，银白色的海浪一个紧接着一个向岸这边奔来。浪花像调皮的孩子一样跳跃着，海浪撞击在礁石上，迸出碎玉般的浪花。波光粼粼的海面一望无垠，景色无比壮观！

相信这样的美丽景色会让许多人无限向往，令人动容。不知道每当你看到这深不可测的大海时，心中是否会产生这样的疑问：还是从哪儿来的？海是怎样形成的？海洋是在地球形成时就存在的吗？这一个个问号就像一条条巨龙盘踞在我的内心深处，像一块石头压在我的心里。

对于这个问题，一直存在着很大的争议。有两种说法，先海后陆，先陆后海。

什么是先海后陆？很好理解，意思是先有海洋后有陆地。相信大家都熟悉“三分陆地，七分海洋”这句话。这就说明地球上绝大部分都是海洋，而陆地只占其中的一小部分。这恰恰让人们做出了一种假设：地球上原来是一片汪洋，整个地球就是一个不折不扣的水球。物质是不断变化的，经过几亿年的变化后，原始陆地就形成了。所以许多人认为地球上是有了海洋后有了陆地。水是生命之源，这就使人们深信不疑这个“先海后陆”的说法。

我则不认同这个说法，我认为地球上不是先出现海洋。其实，地球最初只是个含有各种矿物质的大石块，但在当时构成地球岩石的物质中,含有大量的水分和气体，它们与岩石松散地结合在一起。由于地球的重力作用，这些岩石逐渐靠拢重叠，越来越紧密地聚合在一起。它们之间互相挤压，硬是把岩石的水汽赶出来。久而久之，在地下被赶出来的水汽越积越多，它们不断的集聚汇合，终于发生了许多大规模的地震，并引起了猛烈的火山爆发。这是，在地下受到挤压的大量水汽，终于摆脱了岩石的沉重桎梏，随着火山和地震，一下子从地壳中呼啸而出。当这些水汽进入空气时，渐渐遇冷凝结，先变成云，再变成雨降落到地面。由于岩石中的水汽不断被挤压出来，不断地通过火山和地震进入空中，所以大雨也就不停地下。慢慢地，就形成了最早的江河湖海。

任何科学现象的结论都普遍存在着很大的争议。但我坚信，只要我们坚持不懈，积极探索，勇于创新，不断地刨根问底，答案就一定会水落石出。