英文销售合同

第一篇：英文销售合同

编号： no：

日期： date ：

签约地点： signed at：

卖方：sellers：

地址：address：邮政编码：postal code：

电话：tel：传真：fax：

买方：buyers：

地址：address：邮政编码：postal code：

电话：tel：传真：fax：

买卖双方同意按下列条款由卖方出售，买方购进下列货物：

the sellers agrees to sell and the buyer agrees to buy the undermentioned goods on the terms and conditions stated below:货号　article no.2 品名及规格　description&specification数量 quantity单价　unit price总值：

数量及总值均有_____%的增减,由卖方决定。

total amount

with _____% more or less both in amount and quantity allowed at the sellers option.生产国和制造厂家　country of origin and manufacturer包装：　packing：唛头：　shipping marks：装运期限：time of shipment：装运口岸：port of loading：目的口岸：port of destination：保险：由卖方按发票全额110%投保至_____为止的_____险。

insurance：to be effected by buyers for 110% of full invoice value covering _____ up to _____ only.付款条件：

买方须于_____年_____月_____日将保兑的，不可撤销的，可转让可分割的即期信用证开到卖方。信用证议付有效期延至上列装运期后15天在中国到期，该信用证中必须注明允许分运及转运。

payment：

by confirmed, irrevocable, transferable and divisible l/c to be available by sight draft to reach the sellers before ___/___/_____ and to remainvalid for ingotiation in china until 15 days after the aforesaid time of shipment.tje l/c must specify that transhipment and partial shipments are allowed.单据：documents：装运条件：terms of shipment：品质与数量、重量的异义与索赔：quality/quantity discrepancy and claim：17 人力不可抗拒因素：

由于水灾、火灾、地震、干旱、战争或协议一方无法预见、控制、避免和克服的其他事件导致不能或暂时不能全部或部分履行本协议，该方不负责任。但是，受不可抗力事件影响的一方须尽快将发生的事件通知另一方，并在不可抗力事件发生15天内将有关机构出具的不可抗力事件的证明寄交对方。

force majeure：

either party shall not be held responsible for failure or delay to perform all or any part of this agreement due to flood, fire, earthquake, draught, war or any other events which could not be predicted, controlled, avoided or overcome by the relative party.however, the party affected by the event of force majeure shall inform the other party of its occurrence in writing as soon as possible and thereafter send a certificate of the event issued by the relevant authorities to the other party within 15 days after its occurrence.仲裁：

在履行协议过程中，如产生争议，双方应友好协商解决。若通过友好协商未能达成协议，则提交中国国际贸易促进委员会对外贸易仲裁委员会，根据该会仲裁程序暂行规定进行仲裁。该委员会决定是终局的，对双方均有约束力。仲裁费用，除另有规定外，由败诉一方负担。

arbitration

all disputes arising from the execution of this agreement shall be settled through friendly consultations.in case no settlement can be reached, the case in dispute shall then be submitted to the foreign trad arbitration commission of the china council for the promotion of international trade for arbitration in accordance with its provisional rules of procedure.the decesion made by this commission shall be regarded as final and binding upon both parties.arbitration fees shall be borne by the losing party, unless otherwise awarded.

第二篇：英文销售合同

英文销售合同：英文销售合同

DOC格式,方便您的复制修改删减 英文销售合同,英文销售合同

这篇关于英文销售合同模板,英文销售合同范本,是本人编辑为您整理的,希望对您有所帮助，英文销售合同模板,英文销售合同范本 编号, No, 日期, Date , 签约地点, Signed at, 卖方,Sellers, 地址,Address, 邮政编码,Postal Code, 电话,Tel, 传真,Fax, 买方,Buyers, 地址,Address, 邮政编码,Postal Code, 电话,Tel, 传真,Fax, DOC格式,方便您的复制修改删减

买卖双方同意按下列条款由卖方出售,买方购进下列货物, The sellers agrees to sell and the buyer agrees to buy the undermentioned goods on the terms and conditions stated below, 1 货号 Article No.2 品名及规格 Description&Specification 3 数量 Quantity 4 单价 Unit Price 5 总值, 数量及总值均有_____%的增减,由卖方决定。Total Amount With _____% more or less both in amount and quantity allowed at the sellers option.6 生产国和制造厂家 Country of Origin and Manufacturer 7 包装, Packing, 8 唛头, Shipping Marks, 9 装运期限,Time of Shipment, 10 装运口岸,Port of Loading, 11 目的口岸,Port of Destination, 12 保险,由卖方按发票全额110%投保至_____为止的 _____险。

DOC格式,方便您的复制修改删减

Insurance,To be effected by buyers for 110% of full invoice value covering _____ up to _____ only.13 付款条件, 买方须于_____年_____月_____日将保兑的,不可撤销的, 可转让可分割的即期信用证开到卖方。信用证议付有效期延至上列 装运期后15天在中国到期,该信用证中必须注明允许分运及转运。Payment, By confirmed, irrevocable, transferable and divisible L/C to be available by sight draft to reach the sellers before ___/___/_____ and to remain valid for ingotiation in China until 15 days after the aforesaid time of shipment.Tje L/C must specify that transhipment and partial shipments are allowed.14 单据,Documents, 15 装运条件,Terms of Shipment, 16 品质与数量、重量的异义与索赔,Quality/Quantity Discrepancy and Claim, 17 人力不可抗拒因素, 由于水灾、火灾、地震、干旱、战争或协议一方无法预见、控制、避免和克服的其他事件导致不能或暂时不能全部或部分履行本 协议,该方不负责任。但是,受不可抗力事件影响的一方须尽快将发 生的事件通知另一方,并在不可抗力事件发生15天内将有关机构出 具的不可抗力事件的证明寄交对方。DOC格式,方便您的复制修改删减 Force Majeure, Either party shall not be held responsible for failure or delay to perform all or any part of this agreement due to flood, fire, earthquake, draught, war or any other events which could not be predicted, controlled, avoided or overcome by the relative party.However, the party affected by the event of Force Majeure shall inform the other party of its occurrence in writing as soon as possible and thereafter send a certificate of the event issued by the relevant authorities to the other party within 15 days after its occurrence.18 仲裁, 在履行协议过程中,如产生争议,双方应友好协商解决。

若通过友好协商未能达成协议,则提交中国国际贸易促进委员会对外 贸易仲裁委员会,根据该会仲裁程序暂行规定进行仲裁。该委员会决 定是终局的,对双方均有约束力。仲裁费用,除另有规定外,由败诉 一方负担。Arbitration All disputes arising from the execution of this agreement shall be settled through friendly consultations.In case no DOC格式,方便您的复制修改删减

settlement can be reached, the case in dispute shall then be submitted to the Foreign Trad Arbitration Commission of the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade for Arbitration in accordance with its Provisional Rules of Procedure.The decesion made by this commission shall be regarded as final and binding upon both parties.Arbitration fees shall be borne by the losing party, unless otherwise awarded.19 备注,Remark, 卖方,Sellers, 买方,Buyers, 签字,Signature, 签字,Signature, 销售合同，，, ::，，,:, 日期, 合同号码, Date, Contract No., 买 方, ,The Buyers, 卖方, ,The Sellers, 兹经买卖双方同意按照以下条款由买方购进,卖方售出以 下商品, This contract is made by and between the Buyers and the Sellers;whereby the Buyers agree to buy and the Sellers agree to sell the under-mentioned goods subject to the terms and conditions as stipulated hereinafter, ,1, 商品名称, DOC格式,方便您的复制修改删减 Name of Commodity, ,2, 数 量, Quantity, ,3, 单 价, Unit price, ,4, 总 值, Total Value, ,5, 包 装, Packing, ,6, 生产国别, Country of Origin , ,7, 支付条款, Terms of Payment, ,8, 保 险, insurance, ,9, 装运期限, Time of Shipment, ,10, 起 运 港, DOC格式,方便您的复制修改删减 Port of Lading, ,11, 目 的 港, Port of Destination, ,12,索赔,在货到目的口岸45天内如发现货物品质, 规格和数量与合同不附,除属保险公司或船方 责任外,买方有权凭 中国商检出具的检验证书或有关文件向卖方索赔换货或赔款。Claims, Within 45 days after the arrival of the goods at the destination, should the quality, Specifications or quantity be found not in conformity with the stipulations of the contract except those claims for which the insurance company or the owners of the vessel are liable, the Buyers shall, have the right on the strength of the inspection certificate issued by the C.C.I.C and the relative documents to claim for compensation to the Sellers ,13,不可抗力,由于人力不可抗力的原由发生在制造, 装载或运输的过程中导致卖方延期交货或不 能交货者,卖方可免除 责任,在不可抗力发生后,卖方须立即电告买方及在14天内以 空邮 方式向买方提供事故发生的证明文件,在上述情况下,卖方仍须负责 采取措施尽 快发货。Force Majeure , The sellers shall not be held responsible for the delay in shipment or non-deli-very of the goods due to Force Majeure, DOC格式,方便您的复制修改删减

which might occur during the process of manufacturing or in the course of loading or transit.The sellers shall advise the Buyers immediately of the occurrence mentioned above the within fourteen days there after。the Sellers shall send by airmail to the Buyers for their acceptancea certificate of the accident.Under such circumstances the Sellers, however, are still under the obligation to take all necessary measures to hasten the deliveryof the goods.,14,仲裁,凡有关执行合同所发生的一切争议应通过友

好协商解决,如协商不能解决,则将分歧提 交中国国际贸易促进委 员会按有关仲裁程序进行仲裁,仲裁将是终局的,双方均受其约束, 仲裁费用由败诉方承担。Arbitration , All disputes in connection with the execution of this Contract shall be settled friendly through negotiation.in case no settlement can be reached, the case then may be submitted for arbitration to the Arbitration Commission of the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade in accordance with the Provisional Rules of Procedure promulgated by the said Arbitration Commission。the Arbitration committee shall be final and binding upon both parties.and the Arbitration fee sh DOC格式,方便您的复制修改删减 all be borne by the losing parties.买方, 卖方,-----------------------------------------,授权签字, ,授权签字,[ 结 束 ]

第三篇：CIF条件销售合同(英文)

No:

Date:

For Account of:

Indent No:

This contract is made by and between the Sellers and the Buyers;Whereby the Sellers agree to sell and the Buyers agree to buy the undermentioned goods according to the terms and conditions stipulated below and overleaf:

(1)Names of commodity(ies)and specification(s)

(2)Quantity

(3)Unit price

(4)Amount

TOTAL:

__________% more or less allowed

(5)Packing:

(6)Port of Loading:

(7)Port of Destination:

(8)Shipping Marks:

(9)Time of Shipment: Within ____________________days after receipt of L/C, allowing transhipment and partial shipment.(10)Terms of Payment:

By 100% Confirmed, Irrevocable and Sight Letter of Credit to remain valid for negotiation in China until the 15th day after shipment.(11)Insurance:

Covers all risks and warrisks only as per the Clauses of the People's Insurance Company of China for 110% of the invoice value.To be effected by the Buyer.(12)The Buyer shall establish the covering Letter of Credit before _________;failing which, the Seller reserves the right to rescind this Sales Contract without further notice, or to accept whole or any part of this Sales Contract, non-fulfilled by the Buyer, of to lodge claim for direct losses sustained, if any

(13)Documents: The Sellers shall present to the negotiating bank, Clean On Board Bill of Lading, Invoice, Quality Certificate issued by the China Commodity Inspection Bureau or the Manufacturers, Survey Report on Quantity/Weight issued by the China Commodity Inspection Bureau, and Transferable Insurance policy or Insurance Certificate when this contract is made on CIF basis.(14)For this contract signed on CIF basis, the premium should be 110% of invoice value.All risks insured should be included within this contract.If the Buyer asks to increase the insurance premium or scope of risks, he should get the permission of the Seller before time of loading, and all the charges thus incurred should be borne by the Buyer.(15)Quality/Quantity Discrepancy;In case of quality discrepancy, claim should be filed by the Buyer within 30 days after the arrival of the goods at port of destination;while for quantity discrepancy, claim should be filed by the Buyer

within 15 days after the arrival of the goods at port of destination.It is understood that the Seller shall not be liable for any discrepancy of the goods shipped due to causes for which the Insurance Company, Shipping Company, other transportation organizations and/or Post Office are liable.(16)The Seller shall not be held liable for failure or delay in delivery of the entire lot or a portion of the goods under this Sales Contract in consequence of any Force Majeure incidents.(17)Arbitration:

All disputes in connection with this contract or the execution thereof shall be settled friendly through negotiations.In case no settlement can be reached, the case may then be submitted for arbitration to China International Economic And Trade Arbitration Commission in accordance with the provisional Rules of Procedures promulgated by the said Arbitration Commission.The arbitration shall take place in Beijing and the decision of the Arbitration Commission shall be final and binding upon both parties;neither party shall seek recourse to a law court nor other authorities to appeal for revision of the decision.Arbitration fee shall be borne by the losing party.Or arbitration may be settled in the third country mutually agreed upon by both parties.(18)The Buyer is requested always to quote THE NUMBER OF THE SALES CONTRACT in the Letter of Credit to be opened in favour of the Seller.(19)Other Conditions:

Seller: Buyer:

Our Contract Template Database is complied in accordance with laws of P.R.China.This English document is translated according to its Chinese version.In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.

第四篇：cisj联合国销售合同公约(英文)

UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON CONTRACTS FOR THE INTERNATIONAL SALE OF GOODS(1980)

[CISG] For U.S.citation purposes, the UN-certified English text is published in 52 Federal Register 6262, 6264-6280(March 2, 1987);United States Code Annotated, Title 15, Appendix(Supp.1987).Linked Table of Treaty Sections THE STATES PARTIES TO THIS CONVENTION, BEARING IN MIND the broad objectives in the resolutions adopted by the sixth special session of the General Assembly of the United Nations on the establishment of a New International Economic Order, CONSIDERING that the development of international trade on the basis of equality and mutual benefit is an important element in promoting friendly relations among States, BEING OF THE OPINION that the adoption of uniform rules which govern contracts for the international sale of goods and take into account the different social, economic and legal systems would contribute to the removal of legal barriers in international trade and promote the development of international trade, HAVE AGREED as follows:

PART I SPHERE OF APPLICATION AND GENERAL PROVISIONS

Chapter I

SPHERE OF APPLICATION

Article 1(1)This Convention applies to contracts of sale of goods between parties whose places of business are in different States:(a)when the States are Contracting States;or(b)when the rules of private international law lead to the application of the law of a Contracting State.(2)The fact that the parties have their places of business in different States is to be disregarded whenever this fact does not appear either from the contract or from any dealings between, or from information disclosed by, the parties at any time before or at the conclusion of the contract.(3)Neither the nationality of the parties nor the civil or commercial character of the parties or of the contract is to be taken into consideration in determining the application of this Convention.Article 2 This Convention does not apply to sales:(a)of goods bought for personal, family or household use, unless the seller, at any time before or at the conclusion of the contract, neither knew nor ought to have known that the goods were bought for any such use;(b)by auction;(c)on execution or otherwise by authority of law;(d)of stocks, shares, investment securities, negotiable instruments or money;(e)of ships, vessels, hovercraft or aircraft;(f)of electricity.Article 3(1)Contracts for the supply of goods to be manufactured or produced are to be considered sales unless the party who orders the goods undertakes to supply a substantial part of the materials necessary for such manufacture or production.(2)This Convention does not apply to contracts in which the preponderant part of the obligations of the party who furnishes the goods consists in the supply of labour or other services.Article 4 This Convention governs only the formation of the contract of sale and the rights and obligations of the seller and the buyer arising from such a contract.In particular, except as otherwise expressly provided in this Convention, it is not concerned with:(a)the validity of the contract or of any of its provisions or of any usage;(b)the effect which the contract may have on the property in the goods sold.Article 5 This Convention does not apply to the liability of the seller for death or personal injury caused by the goods to any person.Article 6 The parties may exclude the application of this Convention or, subject to article 12, derogate from or vary the effect of any of its provisions.Chapter II GENERAL PROVISIONS

Article 7(1)In the interpretation of this Convention, regard is to be had to its international character and to the need to promote uniformity in its application and the observance of good faith in international trade.(2)Questions concerning matters governed by this Convention which are not expressly settled in it are to be settled in conformity with the general principles on which it is based or, in the absence of such principles, in conformity with the law applicable by virtue of the rules of private international law.Article 8(1)For the purposes of this Convention statements made by and other conduct of a party are to be interpreted according to his intent where the other party knew or could not have been unaware what that intent was.(2)If the preceding paragraph is not applicable, statements made by and other conduct of a party are to be interpreted according to the understanding that a reasonable person of the same kind as the other party would have had in the same circumstances.(3)In determining the intent of a party or the understanding a reasonable person would have had, due consideration is to be given to all relevant circumstances of the case including the negotiations, any practices which the parties have established between themselves, usages and any subsequent conduct of the parties.Article 9(1)The parties are bound by any usage to which they have agreed and by any practices which they have established between themselves.(2)The parties are considered, unless otherwise agreed, to have impliedly made applicable to their contract or its formation a usage of which the parties knew or ought to have known and which in international trade is widely known to, and regularly observed by, parties to contracts of the type involved in the particular trade concerned.Article 10 For the purposes of this Convention:(a)if a party has more than one place of business, the place of business is that which has the closest relationship to the contract and its performance, having regard to the circumstances known to or contemplated by the parties at any time before or at the conclusion of the contract;(b)if a party does not have a place of business, reference is to be made to his habitual residence.Article 11 A contract of sale need not be concluded in or evidenced by writing and is not subject to any other requirement as to form.It may be proved by any means, including witnesses.Article 12 Any provision of article 11, article 29 or Part II of this Convention that allows a contract of sale or its modification or termination by agreement or any offer, acceptance or other indication of intention to be made in any form other than in writing does not apply where any party has his place of business in a Contracting State which has made a declaration under article 96 of this Convention.The parties may not derogate from or vary the effect or this article.Article 13 For the purposes of this Convention “writing” includes telegram and telex.PART II

FORMATION OF THE CONTRACT

Article 14(1)A proposal for concluding a contract addressed to one or more specific persons constitutes an offer if it is sufficiently definite and indicates the intention of the offeror to be bound in case of acceptance.A proposal is sufficiently definite if it indicates the goods and expressly or implicitly fixes or makes provision for determining the quantity and the price.(2)A proposal other than one addressed to one or more specific persons is to be considered merely as an invitation to make offers, unless the contrary is clearly indicated by the person making the proposal.Article 15(1)An offer becomes effective when it reaches the offeree.(2)An offer, even if it is irrevocable, may be withdrawn if the withdrawal reaches the offeree before or at the same time as the offer.Article 16(1)Until a contract is concluded an offer may be revoked if the revocation reaches the offeree before he has dispatched an acceptance.(2)However, an offer cannot be revoked:(a)if it indicates, whether by stating a fixed time for acceptance or otherwise, that it is irrevocable;or(b)if it was reasonable for the offeree to rely on the offer as being irrevocable and the offeree has acted in reliance on the offer.Article 17 An offer, even if it is irrevocable, is terminated when a rejection reaches the offeror.Article 18(1)A statement made by or other conduct of the offeree indicating assent to an offer is an acceptance.Silence or inactivity does not in itself amount to acceptance.(2)An acceptance of an offer becomes effective at the moment the indication of assent reaches the offeror.An acceptance is not effective if the indication of assent does not reach the offeror within the time he has fixed or, if no time is fixed, within a reasonable time, due account being taken of the circumstances of the transaction, including the rapidity of the means of communication employed by the offeror.An oral offer must be accepted immediately unless the circumstances indicate otherwise.(3)However, if, by virtue of the offer or as a result of practices which the parties have established between themselves or of usage, the offeree may indicate assent by performing an act, such as one relating to the dispatch of the goods or payment of the price, without notice to the offeror, the acceptance is effective at the moment the act is performed, provided that the act is performed within the period of time laid down in the preceding paragraph.Article 19(1)A reply to an offer which purports to be an acceptance but contains additions, limitations or other modifications is a rejection of the offer and constitutes a counter-offer.(2)However, a reply to an offer which purports to be an acceptance but contains additional or different terms which do not materially alter the terms of the offer constitutes an acceptance, unless the offeror, without undue delay, objects orally to the discrepancy or dispatches a notice to that effect.If he does not so object, the terms of the contract are the terms of the offer with the modifications contained in the acceptance.(3)Additional or different terms relating, among other things, to the price, payment, quality and quantity of the goods, place and time of delivery, extent of one party's liability to the other or the settlement of disputes are considered to alter the terms of the offer materially.Article 20(1)A period of time for acceptance fixed by the offeror in a telegram or a letter begins to run from the moment the telegram is handed in for dispatch or from the date shown on the letter or, if no such date is shown, from the date shown on the envelope.A period of time for acceptance fixed by the offeror by telephone, telex or other means of instantaneous communication, begins to run from the moment that the offer reaches the offeree.(2)Official holidays or non-business days occurring during the period for acceptance are included in calculating the period.However, if a notice of acceptance cannot be delivered at the address of the offeror on the last day of the period because that day falls on an official holiday or a non-business day at the place of business of the offeror, the period is extended until the first business day which follows.Article 21(1)A late acceptance is nevertheless effective as an acceptance if without delay the offeror orally so informs the offeree or dispatches a notice to that effect.(2)If a letter or other writing containing a late acceptance shows that it has been sent in such circumstances that if its transmission had been normal it would have reached the offeror in due time, the late acceptance is effective as an acceptance unless, without delay, the offeror orally informs the offeree that he considers his offer as having lapsed or dispatches a notice to that effect.Article 22 An acceptance may be withdrawn if the withdrawal reaches the offeror before or at the same time as the acceptance would have become effective.Article 23 A contract is concluded at the moment when an acceptance of an offer becomes effective in accordance with the provisions of this Convention.Article 24 For the purposes of this Part of the Convention, an offer, declaration of acceptance or any other indication of intention “reaches” the addressee when it is made orally to him or delivered by any other means to him personally, to his place of business or mailing address or, if he does not have a place of business or mailing address, to his habitual residence.PART III SALE OF GOODS Chapter I GENERAL PROVISIONS

Article 25 A breach of contract committed by one of the parties is fundamental if it results in such detriment to the other party as substantially to deprive him of what he is entitled to expect under the contract, unless the party in breach did not foresee and a reasonable person of the same kind in the same circumstances would not have foreseen such a result.Article 26 A declaration of avoidance of the contract is effective only if made by notice to the other party.Article 27 Unless otherwise expressly provided in this Part of the Convention, if any notice, request or other communication is given or made by a party in accordance with this Part and by means appropriate in the circumstances, a delay or error in the transmission of the communication or its failure to arrive does not deprive that party of the right to rely on the communication.Article 28 If, in accordance with the provisions of this Convention, one party is entitled to require performance of any obligation by the other party, a court is not bound to enter a judgement for specific performance unless the court would do so under its own law in respect of similar contracts of sale not governed by this Convention.Article 29(1)A contract may be modified or terminated by the mere agreement of the parties.(2)A contract in writing which contains a provision requiring any modification or termination by agreement to be in writing may not be otherwise modified or terminated by agreement.However, a party may be precluded by his conduct from asserting such a provision to the extent that the other party has relied on that conduct.Chapter II

OBLIGATIONS OF THE SELLER

Article 30 The seller must deliver the goods, hand over any documents relating to them and transfer the property in the goods, as required by the contract and this Convention.Section I.Delivery of the goods and handing over of documents

Article 31 If the seller is not bound to deliver the goods at any other particular place, his obligation to deliver consists:(a)if the contract of sale involves carriage of the goodsin placing the goods at the buyer's disposal at that place;(c)in other cases-in placing the goods at the buyer's disposal at the place where the seller had his place of business at the time of the conclusion of the contract.Article 32(1)If the seller, in accordance with the contract or this Convention, hands the goods over to a carrier and if the goods are not clearly identified to the contract by markings on the goods, by shipping documents or otherwise, the seller must give the buyer notice of the consignment specifying the goods.(2)If the seller is bound to arrange for carriage of the goods, he must make such contracts as are necessary for carriage to the place fixed by means of transportation appropriate in the circumstances and according to the usual terms for such transportation.(3)If the seller is not bound to effect insurance in respect of the carriage of the goods, he must, at the buyer's request, provide him with all available information necessary to enable him to effect such insurance.Article 33 The seller must deliver the goods:(a)if a date is fixed by or determinable from the contract, on that date;(b)if a period of time is fixed by or determinable from the contract, at any time within that period unless circumstances indicate that the buyer is to choose a date;or(c)in any other case, within a reasonable time after the conclusion of the contract.Article 34 If the seller is bound to hand over documents relating to the goods, he must hand them over at the time and place and in the form required by the contract.If the seller has handed over documents before that time, he may, up to that time, cure any lack of conformity in the documents, if the exercise of this right does not cause the buyer unreasonable inconvenience or unreasonable expense.However, the buyer retains any right to claim damages as provided for in this Convention.Section II.Conformity of the goods and third party claims

Article 35(1)The seller must deliver goods which are of the quantity, quality and description required by the contract and which are contained or packaged in the manner required by the contract.(2)Except where the parties have agreed otherwise, the goods do not conform with the contract unless they:(a)are fit for the purposes for which goods of the same description would ordinarily be used;(b)are fit for any particular purpose expressly or impliedly made known to the seller at the time of the conclusion of the contract, except where the circumstances show that the buyer did not rely, or that it was unreasonable for him to rely, on the seller's skill and judgement;(c)possess the qualities of goods which the seller has held out to the buyer as a sample or model;(d)are contained or packaged in the manner usual for such goods or, where there is no such manner, in a manner adequate to preserve and protect the goods.(3)The seller is not liable under subparagraphs(a)to(d)of the preceding paragraph for any lack of conformity of the goods if at the time of the conclusion of the contract the buyer knew or could not have been unaware of such lack of conformity.Article 36(1)The seller is liable in accordance with the contract and this Convention for any lack of conformity which exists at the time when the risk passes to the buyer, even though the lack of conformity becomes apparent only after that time.(2)The seller is also liable for any lack of conformity which occurs after the time indicated in the preceding paragraph and which is due to a breach of any of his obligations, including a breach of any guarantee that for a period of time the goods will remain fit for their ordinary purpose or for some particular purpose or will retain specified qualities or characteristics.Article 37 If the seller has delivered goods before the date for delivery, he may, up to that date, deliver any missing part or make up any deficiency in the quantity of the goods delivered, or deliver goods in replacement of any non-conforming goods delivered or remedy any lack of conformity in the goods delivered, provided that the exercise of this right does not cause the buyer unreasonable inconvenience or unreasonable expense.However, the buyer retains any right to claim damages as provided for in this Convention.Article 38(1)The buyer must examine the goods, or cause them to be examined, within as short a period as is practicable in the circumstances.(2)If the contract involves carriage of the goods, examination may be deferred until after the goods have arrived at their destination.(3)If the goods are redirected in transit or redispatched by the buyer without a reasonable opportunity for examination by him and at the time of the conclusion of the contract the seller knew or ought to have known of the possibility of such redirection or redispatch, examination may be deferred until after the goods have arrived at the new destination.Article 39(1)The buyer loses the right to rely on a lack of conformity of the goods if he does not give notice to the seller specifying the nature of the lack of conformity within a reasonable time after he has discovered it or ought to have discovered it.(2)In any event, the buyer loses the right to rely on a lack of conformity of the goods if he does not give the seller notice thereof at the latest within a period of two years from the date on which the goods were actually handed over to the buyer, unless this time-limit is inconsistent with a contractual period of guarantee.Article 40 The seller is not entitled to rely on the provisions of articles 38 and 39 if the lack of conformity relates to facts of which he knew or could not have been unaware and which he did not disclose to the buyer.Article 41 The seller must deliver goods which are free from any right or claim of a third party, unless the buyer agreed to take the goods subject to that right or claim.However, if such right or claim is based on industrial property or other intellectual property, the seller's obligation is governed by article 42.Article 42(1)The seller must deliver goods which are free from any right or claim of a third party based on industrial property or other intellectual property, of which at the time of the conclusion of the contract the seller knew or could not have been unaware, provided that the right or claim is based on industrial property or other intellectual property:(a)under the law of the State where the goods will be resold or otherwise used, if it was contemplated by the parties at the time of the conclusion of the contract that the goods would be resold or otherwise used in that State;or(b)in any other case, under the law of the State where the buyer has his place of business.(2)The obligation of the seller under the preceding paragraph does not extend to cases where:(a)at the time of the conclusion of the contract the buyer knew or could not have been unaware of the right or claim;or(b)the right or claim results from the seller's compliance with technical drawings, designs, formulae or other such specifications furnished by the buyer.Article 43(1)The buyer loses the right to rely on the provisions of article 41 or article 42 if he does not give notice to the seller specifying the nature of the right or claim of the third party within a reasonable time after he has become aware or ought to have become aware of the right or claim.(2)The seller is not entitled to rely on the provisions of the preceding paragraph if he knew of the right or claim of the third party and the nature of it.Article 44 Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph(1)of article 39 and paragraph(1)of article 43, the buyer may reduce the price in accordance with article 50 or claim damages, except for loss of profit, if he has a reasonable excuse for his failure to give the required notice.Section III.Remedies for breach of contract by the seller

Article 45(1)If the seller fails to perform any of his obligations under the contract or this Convention, the buyer may:(a)exercise the rights provided in articles 46 to 52;(b)claim damages as provided in articles 74 to 77.(2)The buyer is not deprived of any right he may have to claim damages by exercising his right to other remedies.(3)No period of grace may be granted to the seller by a court or arbitral tribunal when the buyer resorts to a remedy for breach of contract.Article 46(1)The buyer may require performance by the seller of his obligations unless the buyer has resorted to a remedy which is inconsistent with this requirement.(2)If the goods do not conform with the contract, the buyer may require delivery of substitute goods only if the lack of conformity constitutes a fundamental breach of contract and a request for substitute goods is made either in conjunction with notice given under article 39 or within a reasonable time thereafter.(3)If the goods do not conform with the contract, the buyer may require the seller to remedy the lack of conformity by repair, unless this is unreasonable having regard to all the circumstances.A request for repair must be made either in conjunction with notice given under article 39 or within a reasonable time thereafter.Article 47(1)The buyer may fix an additional period of time of reasonable length for performance by the seller of his obligations.(2)Unless the buyer has received notice from the seller that he will not perform within the period so fixed, the buyer may not, during that period, resort to any remedy for breach of contract.However, the buyer is not deprived thereby of any right he may have to claim damages for delay in performance.Article 48(1)Subject to article 49, the seller may, even after the date for delivery, remedy at his own expense any failure to perform his obligations, if he can do so without unreasonable delay and without causing the buyer unreasonable inconvenience or uncertainty of reimbursement by the seller of expenses advanced by the buyer.However, the buyer retains any right to claim damages as provided for in this Convention.(2)If the seller requests the buyer to make known whether he will accept performance and the buyer does not comply with the request within a reasonable time, the seller may perform within the time indicated in his request.The buyer may not, during that period of time, resort to any remedy which is inconsistent with performance by the seller.(3)A notice by the seller that he will perform within a specified period of time is assumed to include a request, under the preceding paragraph, that the buyer make known his decision.(4)A request or notice by the seller under paragraph(2)or(3)of this article is not effective unless received by the buyer.Article 49(1)The buyer may declare the contract avoided:(a)if the failure by the seller to perform any of his obligations under the contract or this Convention amounts to a fundamental breach of contract;or(b)in case of non-delivery, if the seller does not deliver the goods within the additional period of time fixed by the buyer in accordance with paragraph(1)of article 47 or declares that he will not deliver within the period so fixed.(2)However, in cases where the seller has delivered the goods, the buyer loses the right to declare the contract avoided unless he does so:(a)in respect of late delivery, within a reasonable time after he has become aware that delivery has been made;(b)in respect of any breach other than late delivery, within a reasonable time:(i)after he knew or ought to have known of the breach;(ii)after the expiration of any additional period of time fixed by the buyer in accordance with paragraph(1)of article 47, or after the seller has declared that he will not perform his obligations within such an additional period;or(iii)after the expiration of any additional period of time indicated by the seller in accordance with paragraph(2)of article 48, or after the buyer has declared that he will not accept performance.Article 50 If the goods do not conform with the contract and whether or not the price has already been paid, the buyer may reduce the price in the same proportion as the value that the goods actually delivered had at the time of the delivery bears to the value that conforming goods would have had at that time.However, if the seller remedies any failure to perform his obligations in accordance with article 37 or article 48 or if the buyer refuses to accept performance by the seller in accordance with those articles, the buyer may not reduce the price.Article 51(1)If the seller delivers only a part of the goods or if only a part of the goods delivered is in conformity with the contract, articles 46 to 50 apply in respect of the part which is missing or which does not conform.(2)The buyer may declare the contract avoided in its entirety only if the failure to make delivery completely or in conformity with the contract amounts to a fundamental breach of the contract.Article 52(1)If the seller delivers the goods before the date fixed, the buyer may take delivery or refuse to take delivery.(2)If the seller delivers a quantity of goods greater than that provided for in the contract, the buyer may take delivery or refuse to take delivery of the excess quantity.If the buyer takes delivery of all or part of the excess quantity, he must pay for it at the contract rate.Chapter III

OBLIGATIONS OF THE BUYER

Article 53 The buyer must pay the price for the goods and take delivery of them as required by the contract and this Convention.Section I.Payment of the price

Article 54 The buyer's obligation to pay the price includes taking such steps and complying with such formalities as may be required under the contract or any laws and regulations to enable payment to be made.Article 55 Where a contract has been validly concluded but does not expressly or implicitly fix or make provision for determining the price, the parties are considered, in the absence of any indication to the contrary, to have impliedly made reference to the price generally charged at the time of the conclusion of the contract for such goods sold under comparable circumstances in the trade concerned.Article 56 If the price is fixed according to the weight of the goods, in case of doubt it is to be determined by the net weight.Article 57(1)If the buyer is not bound to pay the price at any other particular place, he must pay it to the seller:(a)at the seller's place of business;or(b)if the payment is to be made against the handing over of the goods or of documents, at the place where the handing over takes place.(2)The seller must bear any increases in the expenses incidental to payment which is caused by a change in his place of business subsequent to the conclusion of the contract.Article 58(1)If the buyer is not bound to pay the price at any other specific time, he must pay it when the seller places either the goods or documents controlling their disposition at the buyer's disposal in accordance with the contract and this Convention.The seller may make such payment a condition for handing over the goods or documents.(2)If the contract involves carriage of the goods, the seller may dispatch the goods on terms whereby the goods, or documents controlling their disposition, will not be handed over to the buyer except against payment of the price.(3)The buyer is not bound to pay the price until he has had an opportunity to examine the goods, unless the procedures for delivery or payment agreed upon by the parties are inconsistent with his having such an opportunity.Article 59 The buyer must pay the price on the date fixed by or determinable from the contract and this Convention without the need for any request or compliance with any formality on the part of the seller.Section II.Taking delivery

Article 60 The buyer's obligation to take delivery consists:(a)in doing all the acts which could reasonably be expected of him in order to enable the seller to make delivery;and(b)in taking over the goods.Section III.Remedies for breach of contract by the buyer

Article 61(1)If the buyer fails to perform any of his obligations under the contract or this Convention, the seller may:(a)exercise the rights provided in articles 62 to 65;(b)claim damages as provided in articles 74 to 77.(2)The seller is not deprived of any right he may have to claim damages by exercising his right to other remedies.(3)No period of grace may be granted to the buyer by a court or arbitral tribunal when the seller resorts to a remedy for breach of contract.Article 62 The seller may require the buyer to pay the price, take delivery or perform his other obligations, unless the seller has resorted to a remedy which is inconsistent with this requirement.Article 63(1)The seller may fix an additional period of time of reasonable length for performance by the buyer of his obligations.(2)Unless the seller has received notice from the buyer that he will not perform within the period so fixed, the seller may not, during that period, resort to any remedy for breach of contract.However, the seller is not deprived thereby of any right he may have to claim damages for delay in performance.Article 64(1)The seller may declare the contract avoided:(a)if the failure by the buyer to perform any of his obligations under the contract or this Convention amounts to a fundamental breach of contract;or(b)if the buyer does not, within the additional period of time fixed by the seller in accordance with paragraph(1)of article 63, perform his obligation to pay the price or take delivery of the goods, or if he declares that he will not do so within the period so fixed.(2)However, in cases where the buyer has paid the price, the seller loses the right to declare the contract avoided unless he does so:(a)in respect of late performance by the buyer, before the seller has become aware that performance has been rendered;or(b)in respect of any breach other than late performance by the buyer, within a reasonable time:(i)after the seller knew or ought to have known of the breach;or(ii)after the expiration of any additional period of time fixed by the seller in accordance with paragraph(1)of article 63, or after the buyer has declared that he will not perform his obligations within such an additional period.Article 65(1)If under the contract the buyer is to specify the form, measurement or other features of the goods and he fails to make such specification either on the date agreed upon or within a reasonable time after receipt of a request from the seller, the seller may, without prejudice to any other rights he may have, make the specification himself in accordance with the requirements of the buyer that may be known to him.(2)If the seller makes the specification himself, he must inform the buyer of the details thereof and must fix a reasonable time within which the buyer may make a different specification.If, after receipt of such a communication, the buyer fails to do so within the time so fixed, the specification made by the seller is binding.Chapter IV PASSING OF RISK

Article 66 Loss of or damage to the goods after the risk has passed to the buyer does not discharge him from his obligation to pay the price, unless the loss or damage is due to an act or omission of the seller.Article 67(1)If the contract of sale involves carriage of the goods and the seller is not bound to hand them over at a particular place, the risk passes to the buyer when the goods are handed over to the first carrier for transmission to the buyer in accordance with the contract of sale.If the seller is bound to hand the goods over to a carrier at a particular place, the risk does not pass to the buyer until the goods are handed over to the carrier at that place.The fact that the seller is authorized to retain documents controlling the disposition of the goods does not affect the passage of the risk.(2)Nevertheless, the risk does not pass to the buyer until the goods are clearly identified to the contract, whether by markings on the goods, by shipping documents, by notice given to the buyer or otherwise.Article 68 The risk in respect of goods sold in transit passes to the buyer from the time of the conclusion of the contract.However, if the circumstances so indicate, the risk is assumed by the buyer from the time the goods were handed over to the carrier who issued the documents embodying the contract of carriage.Nevertheless, if at the time of the conclusion of the contract of sale the seller knew or ought to have known that the goods had been lost or damaged and did not disclose this to the buyer, the loss or damage is at the risk of the seller.Article 69(1)In cases not within articles 67 and 68, the risk passes to the buyer when he takes over the goods or, if he does not do so in due time, from the time when the goods are placed at his disposal and he commits a breach of contract by failing to take delivery.(2)However, if the buyer is bound to take over the goods at a place other than a place of business of the seller, the risk passes when delivery is due and the buyer is aware of the fact that the goods are placed at his disposal at that place.(3)If the contract relates to goods not then identified, the goods are considered not to be placed at the disposal of the buyer until they are clearly identified to the contract.Article 70 If the seller has committed a fundamental breach of contract, articles 67, 68 and 69 do not impair the remedies available to the buyer on account of the breach.Chapter V PROVISIONS COMMON TO THE OBLIGATIONS OF THE SELLER AND OF THE BUYER Section I.Anticipatory breach and instalment contracts

Article 71(1)A party may suspend the performance of his obligations if, after the conclusion of the contract, it becomes apparent that the other party will not perform a substantial part of his obligations as a result of:(a)a serious deficiency in his ability to perform or in his creditworthiness;or(b)his conduct in preparing to perform or in performing the contract.(2)If the seller has already dispatched the goods before the grounds described in the preceding paragraph become evident, he may prevent the handing over of the goods to the buyer even though the buyer holds a document which entitles him to obtain them.The present paragraph relates only to the rights in the goods as between the buyer and the seller.(3)A party suspending performance, whether before or after dispatch of the goods, must immediately give notice of the suspension to the other party and must continue with performance if the other party provides adequate assurance of his performance.Article 72(1)If prior to the date for performance of the contract it is clear that one of the parties will commit a fundamental breach of contract, the other party may declare the contract avoided.(2)If time allows, the party intending to declare the contract avoided must give reasonable notice to the other party in order to permit him to provide adequate assurance of his performance.(3)The requirements of the preceding paragraph do not apply if the other party has declared that he will not perform his obligations.Article 73(1)In the case of a contract for delivery of goods by instalments, if the failure of one party to perform any of his obligations in respect of any instalment constitutes a fundamental breach of contract with respect to that instalment, the other party may declare the contract avoided with respect to that instalment.(2)If one party's failure to perform any of his obligations in respect of any instalment gives the other party good grounds to conclude that a fundamental breach of contract will occur with respect to future instalments, he may declare the contract avoided for the future, provided that he does so within a reasonable time.(3)A buyer who declares the contract avoided in respect of any delivery may, at the same time, declare it avoided in respect of deliveries already made or of future deliveries if, by reason of their interdependence, those deliveries could not be used for the purpose contemplated by the parties at the time of the conclusion of the contract.Section II.Damages

Article 74 Damages for breach of contract by one party consist of a sum equal to the loss, including loss of profit, suffered by the other party as a consequence of the breach.Such damages may not exceed the loss which the party in breach foresaw or ought to have foreseen at the time of the conclusion of the contract, in the light of the facts and matters of which he then knew or ought to have known, as a possible consequence of the breach of contract.Article 75 If the contract is avoided and if, in a reasonable manner and within a reasonable time after avoidance, the buyer has bought goods in replacement or the seller has resold the goods, the party claiming damages may recover the difference between the contract price and the price in the substitute transaction as well as any further damages recoverable under article 74.Article 76(1)If the contract is avoided and there is a current price for the goods, the party claiming damages may, if he has not made a purchase or resale under article 75, recover the difference between the price fixed by the contract and the current price at the time of avoidance as well as any further damages recoverable under article 74.If, however, the party claiming damages has avoided the contract after taking over the goods, the current price at the time of such taking over shall be applied instead of the current price at the time of avoidance.(2)For the purposes of the preceding paragraph, the current price is the price prevailing at the place where delivery of the goods should have been made or, if there is no current price at that place, the price at such other place as serves as a reasonable substitute, making due allowance for differences in the cost of transporting the goods.Article 77 A party who relies on a breach of contract must take such measures as are reasonable in the circumstances to mitigate the loss, including loss of profit, resulting from the breach.If he fails to take such measures, the party in breach may claim a reduction in the damages in the amount by which the loss should have been mitigated.Section III.Interest

Article 78 If a party fails to pay the price or any other sum that is in arrears, the other party is entitled to interest on it, without prejudice to any claim for damages recoverable under article 74.Section IV.Exemptions

Article 79(1)A party is not liable for a failure to perform any of his obligations if he proves that the failure was due to an impediment beyond his control and that he could not reasonably be expected to have taken the impediment into account at the time of the conclusion of the contract or to have avoided or overcome it or its consequences.(2)If the party's failure is due to the failure by a third person whom he has engaged to perform the whole or a part of the contract, that party is exempt from liability only if:(a)he is exempt under the preceding paragraph;and(b)the person whom he has so engaged would be so exempt if the provisions of that paragraph were applied to him.(3)The exemption provided by this article has effect for the period during which the impediment exists.(4)The party who fails to perform must give notice to the other party of the impediment and its effect on his ability to perform.If the notice is not received by the other party within a reasonable time after the party who fails to perform knew or ought to have known of the impediment, he is liable for damages resulting from such non-receipt.(5)Nothing in this article prevents either party from exercising any right other than to claim damages under this Convention.Article 80 A party may not rely on a failure of the other party to perform, to the extent that such failure was caused by the first party's act or omission.Section V.Effects of avoidance

Article 81(1)Avoidance of the contract releases both parties from their obligations under it, subject to any damages which may be due.Avoidance does not affect any provision of the contract for the settlement of disputes or any other provision of the contract governing the rights and obligations of the parties consequent upon the avoidance of the contract.(2)A party who has performed the contract either wholly or in part may claim restitution from the other party of whatever the first party has supplied or paid under the contract.If both parties are bound to make restitution, they must do so concurrently.Article 82(1)The buyer loses the right to declare the contract avoided or to require the seller to deliver substitute goods if it is impossible for him to make restitution of the goods substantially in the condition in which he received them.(2)The preceding paragraph does not apply:(a)if the impossibility of making restitution of the goods or of making restitution of the goods substantially in the condition in which the buyer received them is not due to his act or omission;(b)if the goods or part of the goods have perished or deteriorated as a result of the examination provided for in article 38;or(c)if the goods or part of the goods have been sold in the normal course of business or have been consumed or transformed by the buyer in the course of normal use before he discovered or ought to have discovered the lack of conformity.Article 83 A buyer who has lost the right to declare the contract avoided or to require the seller to deliver substitute goods in accordance with article 82 retains all other remedies under the contract and this Convention.Article 84(1)If the seller is bound to refund the price, he must also pay interest on it, from the date on which the price was paid.(2)The buyer must account to the seller for all benefits which he has derived from the goods or part of them:(a)if he must make restitution of the goods or part of them;or(b)if it is impossible for him to make restitution of all or part of the goods or to make restitution of all or part of the goods substantially in the condition in which he received them, but he has nevertheless declared the contract avoided or required the seller to deliver substitute goods.Section VI.Preservation of the goods

Article 85 If the buyer is in delay in taking delivery of the goods or, where payment of the price and delivery of the goods are to be made concurrently, if he fails to pay the price, and the seller is either in possession of the goods or otherwise able to control their disposition, the seller must take such steps as are reasonable in the circumstances to preserve them.He is entitled to retain them until he has been reimbursed his reasonable expenses by the buyer.Article 86(1)If the buyer has received the goods and intends to exercise any right under the contract or this Convention to reject them, he must take such steps to preserve them as are reasonable in the circumstances.He is entitled to retain them until he has been reimbursed his reasonable expenses by the seller.(2)If goods dispatched to the buyer have been placed at his disposal at their destination and he exercises the right to reject them, he must take possession of them on behalf of the seller, provided that this can be done without payment of the price and without unreasonable inconvenience or unreasonable expense.This provision does not apply if the seller or a person authorized to take charge of the goods on his behalf is present at the destination.If the buyer takes possession of the goods under this paragraph, his rights and obligations are governed by the preceding paragraph.Article 87 A party who is bound to take steps to preserve the goods may deposit them in a warehouse of a third person at the expense of the other party provided that the expense incurred is not unreasonable.Article 88(1)A party who is bound to preserve the goods in accordance with article 85 or 86 may sell them by any appropriate means if there has been an unreasonable delay by the other party in taking possession of the goods or in taking them back or in paying the price or the cost of preservation, provided that reasonable notice of the intention to sell has been given to the other party.(2)If the goods are subject to rapid deterioration or their preservation would involve unreasonable expense, a party who is bound to preserve the goods in accordance with article 85 or 86 must take reasonable measures to sell them.To the extent possible he must give notice to the other party of his intention to sell.(3)A party selling the goods has the right to retain out of the proceeds of sale an amount equal to the reasonable expenses of preserving the goods and of selling them.He must account to the other party for the balance.PART IV FINAL PROVISIONS

Article 89 The Secretary-General of the United Nations is hereby designated as the depositary for this Convention.Article 90 This Convention does not prevail over any international agreement which has already been or may be entered into and which contains provisions concerning the matters governed by this Convention, provided that the parties have their places of business in States parties to such agreement.Article 91(1)This Convention is open for signature at the concluding meeting of the United Nations Conference on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods and will remain open for signature by all States at the Headquarters of the United Nations, New York until 30 September 1981.(2)This Convention is subject to ratification, acceptance or approval by the signatory States.(3)This Convention is open for accession by all States which are not signatory States as from the date it is open for signature.(4)Instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval and accession are to be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.Article 92(1)A Contracting State may declare at the time of signature, ratification, acceptance, approval or accession that it will not be bound by Part II of this Convention or that it will not be bound by Part III of this Convention.(2)A Contracting State which makes a declaration in accordance with the preceding paragraph in respect of Part II or Part III of this Convention is not to be considered a Contracting State within paragraph(1)of article 1 of this Convention in respect of matters governed by the Part to which the declaration applies.Article 93(1)If a Contracting State has two or more territorial units in which, according to its constitution, different systems of law are applicable in relation to the matters dealt with in this Convention, it may, at the time of signature, ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, declare that this Convention is to extend to all its territorial units or only to one or more of them, and may amend its declaration by submitting another declaration at any time.(2)These declarations are to be notified to the depositary and are to state expressly the territorial units to which the Convention extends.(3)If, by virtue of a declaration under this article, this Convention extends to one or more but not all of the territorial units of a Contracting State, and if the place of business of a party is located in that State, this place of business, for the purposes of this Convention, is considered not to be in a Contracting State, unless it is in a territorial unit to which the Convention extends.(4)If a Contracting State makes no declaration under paragraph(1)of this article, the Convention is to extend to all territorial units of that State.Article 94(1)Two or more Contracting States which have the same or closely related legal rules on matters governed by this Convention may at any time declare that the Convention is not to apply to contracts of sale or to their formation where the parties have their places of business in those States.Such declarations may be made jointly or by reciprocal unilateral declarations.(2)A Contracting State which has the same or closely related legal rules on matters governed by this Convention as one or more non-Contracting States may at any time declare that the Convention is not to apply to contracts of sale or to their formation where the parties have their places of business in those States.(3)If a State which is the object of a declaration under the preceding paragraph subsequently becomes a Contracting State, the declaration made will, as from the date on which the Convention enters into force in respect of the new Contracting State, have the effect of a declaration made under paragraph(1), provided that the new Contracting State joins in such declaration or makes a reciprocal unilateral declaration.Article 95 Any State may declare at the time of the deposit of its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession that it will not be bound by subparagraph(1)(b)of article 1 of this Convention.Article 96 A Contracting State whose legislation requires contracts of sale to be concluded in or evidenced by writing may at any time make a declaration in accordance with article 12 that any provision of article 11, article 29, or Part II of this Convention, that allows a contract of sale or its modification or termination by agreement or any offer, acceptance, or other indication of intention to be made in any form other than in writing, does not apply where any party has his place of business in that State.Article 97(1)Declarations made under this Convention at the time of signature are subject to confirmation upon ratification, acceptance or approval.(2)Declarations and confirmations of declarations are to be in writing and be formally notified to the depositary.(3)A declaration takes effect simultaneously with the entry into force of this Convention in respect of the State concerned.However, a declaration of which the depositary receives formal notification after such entry into force takes effect on the first day of the month following the expiration of six months after the date of its receipt by the depositary.Reciprocal unilateral declarations under article 94 take effect on the first day of the month following the expiration of six months after the receipt of the latest declaration by the depositary.(4)Any State which makes a declaration under this Convention may withdraw it at any time by a formal notification in writing addressed to the depositary.Such withdrawal is to take effect on the first day of the month following the expiration of six months after the date of the receipt of the notification by the depositary.(5)A withdrawal of a declaration made under article 94 renders inoperative, as from the date on which the withdrawal takes effect, any reciprocal declaration made by another State under that article.Article 98 No reservations are permitted except those expressly authorized in this Convention.Article 99(1)This Convention enters into force, subject to the provisions of paragraph(6)of this article, on the first day of the month following the expiration of twelve months after the date of deposit of the tenth instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, including an instrument which contains a declaration made under article 92.(2)When a State ratifies, accepts, approves or accedes to this Convention after the deposit of the tenth instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, this Convention, with the exception of the Part excluded, enters into force in respect of that State, subject to the provisions of paragraph(6)of this article, on the first day of the month following the expiration of twelve months after the date of the deposit of its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession.(3)A State which ratifies, accepts, approves or accedes to this Convention and is a party to either or both the Convention relating to a Uniform Law on the Formation of Contracts for the International Sale of Goods done at The Hague on 1 July 1964(1964 Hague Formation Convention)and the Convention relating to a Uniform Law on the International Sale of Goods done at The Hague on 1 July 1964(1964 Hague Sales Convention)shall at the same time denounce, as the case may be, either or both the 1964 Hague Sales Convention and the 1964 Hague Formation Convention by notifying the Government of the Netherlands to that effect.(4)A State party to the 1964 Hague Sales Convention which ratifies, accepts, approves or accedes to the present Convention and declares or has declared under article 52 that it will not be bound by Part II of this Convention shall at the time of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession denounce the 1964 Hague Sales Convention by notifying the Government of the Netherlands to that effect.(5)A State party to the 1964 Hague Formation Convention which ratifies, accepts, approves or accedes to the present Convention and declares or has declared under article 92 that it will not be bound by Part III of this Convention shall at the time of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession denounce the 1964 Hague Formation Convention by notifying the Government of the Netherlands to that effect.(6)For the purpose of this article, ratifications, acceptances, approvals and accessions in respect of this Convention by States parties to the 1964 Hague Formation Convention or to the 1964 Hague Sales Convention shall not be effective until such denunciations as may be required on the part of those States in respect of the latter two Conventions have themselves become effective.The depositary of this Convention shall consult with the Government of the Netherlands, as the depositary of the 1964 Conventions, so as to ensure necessary co-ordination in this respect.Article 100(1)This Convention applies to the formation of a contract only when the proposal for concluding the contract is made on or after the date when the Convention enters into force in respect of the Contracting States referred to in subparagraph(1)(a)or the Contracting State referred to in subparagraph(1)(b)of article 1.(2)This Convention applies only to contracts concluded on or after the date when the Convention enters into force in respect of the Contracting States referred to in subparagraph(1)(a)or the Contracting State referred to in subparagraph(1)(b)of article 1.Article 101(1)A Contracting State may denounce this Convention, or Part II or Part III of the Convention, by a formal notification in writing addressed to the depositary.(2)The denunciation takes effect on the first day of the month following the expiration of twelve months after the notification is received by the depositary.Where a longer period for the denunciation to take effect is specified in the notification, the denunciation takes effect upon the expiration of such longer period after the notification is received by the depositary.DONE at Vienna, this day of eleventh day of April, one thousand nine hundred and eighty, in a single original, of which the Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish texts are equally authentic.IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned plenipotentiaries, being duly authorized by their respective Governments, have signed this Convention.

第五篇：英文销售

15.说明价格调整原因

I enclose our new price list , which will come into effect ,from the end of this month.You will see that we have increased our prices on most models.We have ,however , refrained from doing so on some models of which we hold large stocks.We feel we should explain why we have increased our prices.We are paying 10% more for our raw materials than we were paying last year.Some of our subcontractors have raised their by as much as 15%.As you know , we take great pride in our machines and are jealous of the reputation for quality and dependability which we have achieved over the last 40 years.We will not compromise that reputation because of rising costs.We hope, therefore decided to raise the price of some of our machines.We hope you will understand our position and look forward to your orders.现谨附上本公司新价格表，新价格将于本月底生效。除了存货充裕的商品外，其余大部分货品均已调升价格。是次调整原因是原材料价格升幅上涨10%□，一些承包商的价格调升到15%。过去40年，本公司生产的机器品质优良、性能可靠。今为确保产品质量，唯有稍为调整价格。上述情况，还望考虑。愿能与贵公司保持紧密合作。

16.回复感谢信

We greatly appreciate your letter describing the assistance you received in solving your air-conditioning problems.We are now in our fifty year of operation, and we receive many letters like your indicating a high level of customer satisfaction with our installation.We are pleased that our technical staff assisted you so capably.We would like you to know that it you need to contact us at any time in the future.Our engineers will be equally responsive to your request for assistance.If we can be of service to you again, please let us know.Thank you again for your very kind letter.承蒙来信赞扬本公司提供的空调维修工程服务，欣喜不已。五年前开业至今，屡获客户来函嘉奖，本公司荣幸之至。欣悉贵公司识技术人员的服务，他日苛有任何需要，亦请与本公司联络，本公司定当提供优秀技师，竭诚效劳。在此谨再衷心感谢贵公司的赞赏，并请继续保持联络。

17.请客户征询其它公司

Thank you for your enquiry of 5 May concerning silk blouses.We regret to say that we do not manufacture clothing to your own designs to the highest European standards: Swan Textiles corporation The industrial zone Shekou We supply the factor with all their silk materials, I enclose a swatch of our stock materials for your examination.Should you desire any of these samples made up into finished products , we can supply the swan factory with them.We hope that this will be of help to you and wish you every success in your business dealings.谢谢5月5月日来函查询关于纡绸罩衫的事宜。本公司只生产纡绸布料，供应纺织品批发商和制造厂家，并没有制造成衣，因而未能接受贵公司订货，谨致万分歉意然而，本公司乐意推荐本地一家生产优质男装的工厂，相信可按贵公司设计的款式制造符合欧洲最高标准的服装：蛇口工业区天鹅纺织品公司。该厂的丝绸布料全由本公司供应，随函了什样本以供查阅，如贵公司认为适合，本公司乐意负责供应所需布料。愿上资料对贵公司有所帮助。谨祝生意兴隆，事事顺达。

18.改善服务

Thank you for your letter of 26 January.I apologize for the delivery problems you had with us last month.I have had a meeting with our production and shipping managers to work out a better system for handling your account.We know we made a mistake on your last order.Although we replaced it for you.we want to make sure it does not happen again.We have devised the enclosed checklist to use for each of your future order.It includes your firm's particular specifications, packing requirements and marking instructions.I believe can service your company better and help you operations run more smoothly with this safeguard.Please contact us if there are any additional points you would like us to include.感谢1月26日来信。对上月贵公司更换所需货品，唯恐类似事件再发生，本公司生产、运输和出口部经理已商议制订更有效方法处理贵公司事务，并为此特别设计清单。随信奉上该清单，供贵公司今后订货之用。当中

包括特殊规格、包装要求和樗说明等栏目，相信此举有助本公司提供更佳服务，促进双方合作。如欲增设任何栏目于该清单上，恳求惠示。

19.拒绝客户的要求

Thank you for your enquity of 25 August.We are always pleased to hear from a valued customer.I regret to say that we cannot agree to your request for technical information regarding our software security sysytems.The fact is,that most of our competitors also keep such information private and confidential.I sincerely hope that this does not inconvenience you in any way.If there is any other way in which we can help.do not hesitte to contact us again.8月25日信收悉，谨此致谢。来信要求本公司提供有关软件保密系统的技术资料，但鉴于同行向来视该等资料为机密文件，本公司亦不便透露，尚祈见谅。我真诚地希望这样不会对贵公司造成不便。如需本公司协助其他事宜，欢迎随时赐顾垂询。祝业务蒸蒸日上!

20.应付难办的客户

We have been doing business together for a long time and we value our relationship of late, we have not been able to provide the kind of service we both want.The problem is that your purchasing department is changing orders after they have been placed.This has led to confusion and frustration for both of our companies.In several instances.you have returned goods that were originally ordered.To solve the problem , I propose that on receipt of an order, our sales staff contact you to verify it.If you decide on any changes, we will amend the order and fax you a copy so that you can check it.I trust this system will cut down on delays and errors, and allow our operations to run smoothly.承蒙多年惠顾，本公司感激万分。然近来合作出现问题，令服务水准未能符合对方要求，本公司为此提忧不已。贵公司采部发出定单后，再三更改内容；更有甚者，屡次退回订购之货品，导致了双方公司工作中的混乱和困惑。为避免问题日趋严重，特此在接到定单后，由本公司销售人员与贵公司复核。若需作出改支，本公司把定单修改后电传副本，供贵公司查核。盼望上述办法经受减少延误，促进双方业务发展。