2012考博考试复习注意事项

第一篇：2012考博考试复习注意事项

2012考博考试复习注意事项

春暖花开之时，正值各学校复试阶段，相信接到了复试通知的同学们心里都是既激动又忐忑不安，毕竟是临门一脚，可千万要踢好。大家都知道复试在录取中的比重至少是占一半，甚至更多。比如，去年我初试成绩没有很大的优势，主要依靠复试的良好表现给诸位老师留下了不错的印象，从而得以录取。转眼间一年过去了，在这里我总结一下我的复试经验，供各位考博同仁参考。

一、复试前的准备：

复试前一定要先做好充分的准备。首先要找已经考上的博士生们咨询历年复试情况。

下面结合复试时经常要问的问题，总结出需要提前准备的几个环节：

1、英语自我介绍

去年我在复试前两天找人打听了，得知面试的时候要先用英语做自我介绍，于是前一天晚上写了一个四五百字的英语底稿，第二天一上阵，开场白做的不错。我猜很多学校都会有类似的环节，因此有必要提前准备。当然，也不能让老师觉得你是在背现成的稿子。

2、提前搜集好要报考的导师和系所其他导师的相关信息

包括：导师最新的研究方向，导师写的主要著作，其他几位导师的研究方向，一些相关著作（著作都要记下书名）；用专业性比较强的语言总结一下自己考博前后的思想历程。

可能会问到的相关问题：

1）你为什么要报考这个专业？

2）你为什么要报考某某导师？

3）你读过什么相关书籍？

特别是对于跨专业的考生来说，第一个问题是必问的。

我是从工科转科学史的，所以复试开始后没多久，就有老师问我为什么要换专业。我复试之前看了导师自己写的一些书，以及他翻译的萨顿的著作，知道了导师比较欣赏萨顿，而萨顿又比较欣赏达芬奇，于是我在这三者之间努力寻求一个共同点，这或许就是我要从事的专业方向的核心理念。按照我当时的理解，这就是是“人文关怀意识”。复试前我就把换专业前后思想发展历程理了一下，大概是这样的：

1）从小因为识字早，看书多，渐渐培养了无穷探索的好奇心和人文关怀意识，喜欢超越当下去考虑一些“与现实无关”的问题，后来因为环保类的科普书看的比较多，这种人文关怀意识凸显为环境意识，于是高考填报志愿时报了环境工程专业，考研考的也是环境工程。2）读研及毕业工作的过程中，逐渐意识到了环境工程专业的局限性：工科学者缺乏复杂系统思维的习惯，也缺乏人文关怀意识，环境工程和环境伦理脱节。

3）后来想换专业，就读了很多书，也接触了科学史和科学传播这类学科，意识到自己的人文关怀情怀可以进一步升华到“科学与人文”这个领域去，在科学技术与人文之间架设桥梁。

总之，一定要用清晰的，前后连贯的语言阐述出这两方面的信息：一方面是对于要报考的专业和导师的研究方向有清晰的了解和理解，一方面是对自身兴趣和特长有清晰的了解和理解，这两方面用学术性较强的语言组织成一个逻辑一致的体系，它有两重作用：

1）让导师们知道你有清晰而强烈的学术兴趣和动机，而不只是为了将来有稳定工作，能进高校而考博。

2）同时你借助这个自我陈述的过程，表现出对自身，对各种“大问题”的洞察力，以及思维和语言的组织和表达能力，而这些都体现了一个人从事学术研究的潜力。这对于人文类考生尤其重要。

3、将来的研究计划

有些学校和专业比较看重这个，必须先准备好书面材料；有些则只是在复试时简要的问一句。不管如何，多少也是要准备一下的。

4、最好写一份自己的简历，简单扼要的写上自己的各方面信息，以及自己考博的动机，打印上十来份，进了考场后分发给诸位老师。

5、复试时可能会问一些专业上的基本概念，来考察考生基础是否扎实，所以复试前最好把本专业几个最基本的概念的精确含义温习一下。

二、面试的要点

复试成绩是考场上的几位导师集体打分的，录取的决定权不只是掌握在你要报考的导师手里，因此别的导师，特别是在报考系所里比较重的导师，也要尽量给他们留下好印象，面试最好适时的表现出对于他们的研究方向的了解和兴趣。比如，虽然我考博的方向并不是复杂性科学，但是之前有一段时间对复杂性科学很感兴趣，而另外两位教授都曾经对复杂性科学做过不少研究，他们的书我也看过一些，于是我不失时机的提了几本他们写的书，并简单阐述了一下我对复杂性科学前沿的了解，然后话锋一转，又谈了复杂性科学和我读博想从事的专业方向的内在联系。看的出他们对我印象都不错。

话说到最后，最根本的一点，还是希望大家是出于学术兴趣而考博，不要只是为了将来有稳定工作，能进高校这样的外在目的而考博，特别是对于文科类的人。如果不是为了学术兴趣而考博，一则复试的时候逃不过导师的火眼金睛，二则即使录取了，读博的清苦日子估计也不好受。

第二篇：考博英语怎么复习

考博英语具体怎么复习啊

考博英语的复习，首先，选择一个合适的辅导班比什么都来得重要。然后，建议一定要舍得花时间打基础。前几个月不要做题，重点就放在词汇与阅读上。其次，建议学习一定要保证可持续。英语关键是阅读理解。真题部分是非常重要的。您可以去52考博上看下相关的资讯。

考博竞争日益激烈，英语成绩的高低往往具有“决定”意思，因为专业课很难拉开分数。那么考博英语到底如何复习准备呢？

1.题型

由于考博英语试题由各招生企业自己独立命题，所以不一样院校的考博英语试题题型风格不尽相同。就题型而言，一般都含有词汇结构、完形填空、阅读理解、汉英互译、作文题。不少院校初试不再考听力，而在复试通过口语形式考查。但有些院校仍在初试考查听力，甚至很重视听力分数。有些学校还有改错题，应用文，甚至其他题型。少数院校不考作文，但翻译比较长。不少院校主观题的分数所占比重都较高，占1/3甚至1/2比重。

2.难度

考博英语重视考查翻译、写作等与攻读博士学位相关的应用能力，所以其难度不能简单与其他考试比较。但一般来说，考博英语试题的难度约非常于大学英语六级，但少数院校比六级难，有些院校甚至只非常于四级水平，甚至同一院校不一样年份的难易程度也迥异。这是由于考博英语试题的命制没有其他英语水平考试、选拔考试规范，往往因出题人不一样而有区别。所以，报考相应院校的学员一定要看一看该院校近年的考博英语真题。

3.词汇

保守估计，考博英语需要掌握7000~8000单词，900常用动词短语。当然，一般掌握了六级及硕士研究生入学考试的词汇，通过考博英语也没有多大问题，只是词汇题可能失去少数分数。长期注意和研究考博英语试题，反对有些所谓考博英语词汇书所讲的考博需要掌握1万甚至1万以上词汇的观点。事实上，背诵那么多词汇是没有多大意思的，考博英语考查的重点不是学员掌握了多少词汇，而如上文所述，是阅读、翻译、写作能力。所以，词汇够用即可，建议复习自己当年很熟悉的考研词汇、六级词汇，然后略加拓展，如可看看公共英语等级考试五级词汇、新托福词汇、部分GRE词汇。有些院校公布了词汇表或参考词汇表，但现实出题人并不怎么按大纲出题。英语说到底还是个水平问题。

4.语法

大部分院校考博英语试题都不直接考查语法，但语法有必要全面复习一下。这也不怎么花费时间。5.阅读

可以做一做对应院校的考题，也可做一做考研阅读真题、大学英语六级真题，有些院校考博英语试题选自考研真题原题、六级真题原题。

6.翻译

英译汉相对来说比较好做，但不好得分。相反，汉译英虽然看起来难，但往往容易得分。所以应该多准备。

7.作文

一般都是命题作文，即给定题目写一篇200~250词的议论文。作文应当认真准备。这是容易得分也容易失分的项目

考博题目由于各院校自主命题，所以对英语水平的要求不大一致。最基本应当具备六级词汇及六级英语考试水平，在高这需要具备考研英语水平，最高者可达GRE英语考试水平。所以，根据不同院校的英语真题情况，首先拿下词汇是考博英语成功的最基本前提。另外，可以的话，拿近年真题进行系度分析与研究。具体而言，阅读中除了做对题以外，还进行文章的详细分析与中文翻译，会很大程度上提高考博英语成功的机率。睿普教育-专注考博英语，祝你好运

一，你要知道你想考那所学校，每个学校的难度不一样，比较难的院校词汇量会超过一万，简单的院校词汇量甚至只有四千。

二，要了解你想要报考院校的题型，这样才能针对性的准备。

三，真题是核心，历年真题都是考试的一个导向。四，如果有毅力，觉得自己自学能力和自制力较强，就自学。

五，如果觉得自己学的迷惘没起色，英语很大的心病可以借助辅导班。六，别看广告，包括我的广告，相中哪个机构就去试听一下，报名老师辅导最好，最适合你的班级，毕竟有很多不懂考博浑水摸鱼的机构。荐睿普教育，睿普考博英语，睿普考博网.他们是专门做考博英语的辅导机构，很多近十年没碰过英语的人在那里学习都能过线，可见师资力量多强。

看你报考什么专业的了，考博英语由全国统考的，也有学校自主命题的，词汇量有的学校要求比较多一些，从真题考查可以看出，但一般和六级差不多，可能多一些专业词汇。

考试一般真题都是重点，找一下你报考院校的真题，看看难度，之后多背单词，多做题，增加阅读答题速度。推荐给你星火英语的全国重点院校考博英语真题详解，这书收录的真题多，答案也很详细，还送了考博基础词汇i3600，希望能对你考博有帮助

如果能搞到历年考博英语的试题，那就买来做；如果不能的话，那就比照六级复习吧，考博英语不会比六级难的。

首先，你要先确定你考哪个高校或者科研院所。考什么专业吧！（意见如果你能力很强，英语很强，你可以考多个院校！最好只考一个，最多别超过两个当然牛人除外！）

其次，确定学校后，联系导师，找到那个学校的英语真题，没真题，就问问都考什么题型，各个题型难度是什么样？喜欢从哪些库里出题？（例如有些学校很爱从托福什么的里面抽题来考）你要了解清楚。

最后，知道难度是什么了？你就有的放矢了吧！单词量不够被单词，最好是看着真题背单词，把不会的挑出来，记忆！考博和考研的英语复习思路差不多。

我想说的是有些学校的考博英语比六级难！

第三篇：考博自荐信的写作要点及注意事项

以质量而非数量取胜

1.找出一些你想跟着学习的教授。

2.弄清楚这些教授里面谁最有可能是招生顾问。3.让他们相信你是一个有价值的候选人。

要真诚一些

你写这封邮件的目的是表明自己渴望与该教授一起做研究。千万不要忘记这一点。大多数教授会积极地更新他们的网页以展示他们的最新研究。如果不是这样的话，意味着： 他们对接收学生不感兴趣；或者

他们没有做任何研究；或者他们找别人过滤掉一些邮件

除了教授们的个人主页，看看他们团队的博客或读一读至少一篇他们最近的出版物。

如果你做了以上这些事后，发现自己并不亢奋，也没任何有意思的问题想问问该教授的话，说明该教授可能并不适合你。

表现出对研究的兴趣

—尝试至少提出一个有关教授研究工作的有趣发现或者问题。—对他们的研究提出拓展或者实用性建议。—与自己所做的事情直接联系起来

清楚准确的表达

教授们都是大忙人。你的表达需要清楚而又准确。注意拼写和语法的正确性。把你想表达的内容用简单、直白的语句划分成几个小段。（这也是写各种类型的邮件通用的技巧）

明确你写邮件的目的

即展示你作为研究者的潜力！因此，邮件内容不应该包括： —GRE分数 —GPA —班级排名

—关于你能否被录取的问题

这些问题和你的科研能力毫不相关。实际上，反而会显得你可能难以适应完全不同的研究学院。像这样的邮件并不适合讨论你的录取可能性；对收件人来说，基于一封邮件就来评估你被录取的可能性是不负责的行为。你的要求会直接导致收件人生气！不用我们告诉你在申请前期惹怒招生顾问的影响了吧。

邮件的长度

邮件的内容大约布满电脑屏幕。

如果有必要的话邮件内容可以再多一些，后续内容主要是探讨技术深度。

证明你自己

声称自己具有创造力，团队精神等等是没用的。你需要展示出来！证明自己！奉承

你在费力的给教授写信。不要让教授对你夸奖他们才华的话感到无聊。

具体化

“你的研究与我的兴趣很相关。”这段话需要具体化。大多数教授的“研究”涵盖了不同的领域和子领域—如果你像上面这句话一样写得很概括的话，教授会不知道你到底在说什么！

慎重地选择

顶尖的部门只录取申请者中的极少部分人。

每年只会放宽录取几位没有本院教授推荐信的学生。

后续

如果你得到了回信，需要回复表示感谢。事实上，大多教授都很忙，并不想多花精力与潜在的申请者进行邮件交流。

基本原则是：除非你有新的内容需要写在邮件中，否则不要只回复一个简短的谢谢。

拜师信应该具有下面的内容：

第一，要对我的专业有一定的了解并有强烈的兴趣。作为弟子，这意味着在将来的一段时间里，你要和我一起工作，一起学习，如果你对将来的方向的方向一无所知，很难想象你会有兴趣，也很难预测你可以做好工作。如果你想跟我读硕士学位，你至少应该知道我开过那几门课，浏览过我教过的教材。如果你要跟我读博士学位，我会希望你研念过我的几篇论文，请教我文章中的问题，谈谈自己的看法，甚至和我商榷文章中的观点。你在信中应该阐述你对我专业的理解，告诉我你为什么会感兴趣。

第二，你要详细介绍你自己。除了简历，你应该分析你从事我专业研究的优势和劣势。例如，我们专业的知识横跨数学、经济、金融、计算机等领域，对英语的要求也很高。我并不指望你样样拿手，但请你显示你哪些方面拿手。你还应该安排你的计划，如何尽快弥补你的缺陷。此外，我还希望你能让我感到你不只是简历格式刻板出来的符号，而是个活生生的有喜怒哀乐有特点的人，从而可以让我感受想象我们以后合作的可能性。

第三，信中应表达出你的专注和用心，用词实事求是。这是搞科研的基本素质。

我的回信不会给你打包票，但我会给你鼓励和建议。毕竟研究生录取还需要经过考试、复试、综评、拟录等环节，我没有权力一举定乾坤。很多同学希望讨个定心丸，那我会让你失望的。但如果你的信打动了我，我会考虑见个面进一步深谈。

总而言之，你要下功夫。千篇一律的拜师信很难会有好的回应。从你写拜师信的认真程度，可以窥出你的工作态度。

申请国外研究生通常也要求写一篇statement。除了英语的要求，内容应该和我所说的拜师信相仿。

拜师就从认真写好拜师信开始吧！

第四篇：考博英语词汇复习之基础部分

考博英语词汇复习之基础部分

（一）来源：考试大 【学而优则进，考试大以成！】 2010年6月10日 A

a/an ability able about above absent accept accident ache achieve across act action active activity actor actress actual add address admire admit adverb advice advise aeroplane airplane affair afraid Africa African after afternoon afterwards again against age ago agree agreeable agreement agricultural ahead* aid aim air aircraft airport alike alive all allow almost alone* along aloud already also although altogether always amend America American among(st)amuse amusement ancient and anger angry animal announce another* answer ant anxious any anybody anyhow anyone anybody anything anyway anywhere apartment apologize appear appearance apple appoint appointment approve April Arabian area argue argument army around arrange arrival arrive art artist as* ashamed Asia Asian ask* asleep assist at atom August aunt Australia Australian author autumn avoid away awfully B baby back* backward bad badly bag ball* banana banner barely basic basketball bathroom battle be beard beautiful beauty because become bedroom bee beef beer before beg begin beginner beginning behind believe bell below beneath beside besides best* better between beyond bicycle big bike bird birth bit black blackboard blind* blood blue boat body bomb bone book boot born borrow bottle box boy brain brave bread break* breakfast breathe bridge bright bring Britain British broken brother brown build building burn* bury bus busy but* buy by C cake calm camel camera camp can* Canada Canadian cancer cap car careful carry* cat celebrate center central century certain certainly chair chairman change cheap chemical chemist chemistry chicken chiefly child chimney China Chinese choice choose Christmas cinema city classmate classroom clean clear* clever climate climb clock* cloth clothe clothes clothing cloud cloudy club coal coast coat cock coffee cold collect college color bomb come* comfort comfortable command communism compete complete computer comrade concert conclude congratulation connect consider continue control* conversation cool copper corn corner correct cost* cotton cough could country countryside courage court cover* cow crazy create crime criminal crisis crop crowd cruel cry cucumber culture cup cure customer cut* D dad daily damage dance danger* dangerous dark darling daughter dawn day daylight daytime dead deaf dear death debate December decent decide decision declare deep deepen deeply deer defeat defend defense degree demand department depend dependence dependent depth desire desk despair destroy dialog diamond diary dictionary diet differ difference different difficult difficulty dig diligent dinner direction directly director dirty disagree disappear disappoint disaster discover discovery discuss disease dish dislike dismiss distance distant* district disturb dive divide do* doctor dog* dollar donkey door* double* doubtful down downstairs downtown downward dozen drag dragon drama dream dress* drink drive driver drop* drum drunk dry duck dull during dusk dust dying E each* eager eagle ear early earn earth earthquake easily east eastern eastward easy eat editor(编辑)educate education egg eight eighteen eighth eighty either elder eldest elect elephant eleven eleventh else* elsewhere emperor empire empty enable encourage end* endanger ending enemy energy England English enjoy enough enter entire envelope equal error especially essay Europe European evening ever every everybody everyday everyone everything everywhere exact exactly exam*examination examine example excellent excite excitement exciting excuse exercise exhibit exhibition exist expect expensive experience experiment expert explain export expression extra extreme eye eyesight F face* factory fail failure fair fairly fall* false* familiar family famous far* farewell(再见)fax fear fearful February feed* feel* feeling fellow fellowship female festival fever few fifteen fifth fifty fight finally find* fine* finger finish fire* first fish fist fit five fix fixed flag flame flavor flood floor flow flower fluent fly fog fold follow* following fond food fool foolish foot football for forbid force* foreigner forest forever forget forgive form forth forty forward* four fourteen fox France free* freedom French fresh Friday friend friendly friendship frog from front frozen fruit full fun fund funny furniture further future G gain game garage garden gas gate gather general gentle gentleman gently German Germany get* giant girl glad glass global glory glow go* goat god gold golden golf good* goodbye goodnight goods gradual graduate grain grammar grammatical grand grandmother grasp grass gray great Greek green greet greeting ground group grow grown-up growth guard guess guest guide guilt guilty gun H habit hair haircut half hall hammer(锤子)hand* handle handsome handwriting happen happiness happy hard harden hardly* hardship harm harmful hat hate have* he head* headache health healthy hear hearing heart* heat heaven heavily heavy hello help* helpful hen her here* hero hers herself hesitate hi/hey hide* high highly hill him himself hire his history hit* hold* hole holiday home* homework honest honesty honey honor hope hopeful horse hospital host hot hotel hour house housewife how however huge human humorous hundred hunger* hungry hunt hurry* hurt husband I I ice ice-cream idea ideal idiom idle if ill illness imagination imaginative imagine importance important impossible impression improper improve improvement in inch include income increase increasingly indeed independent India Indian indoor indoors industrial industry influence information injure injury ink inland inner inside insist inspect instance instant instead interest interesting international interpreter into introduce introduction invention invite inward island it Italian J jacket jail January Japan Japanese jaw jazz jewel job jog join joke journey joy judge judgment July jump June K kick kid kill kind kindness king kingdom kiss kitchen knee kneel knife know knowledge L lady lake lamp land language large largely late later Latin laugh laughter law lawyer lazy lead* leadership leading leaf learn learning least leather lecture left leg less* lesson letter liberate liberty library life lifetime* lightly like likely likeness limit limited line* lion lip liquid list listen live* living living-room loan locate lock lonely long* look* loose loosely lose lot love lovely lover low luck lucky luggage lunch lung M machine madam main mainland mainly make* man management manager mankind manner many* map market marriage married marry master match mathematical mathematics may maybe me meal meantime meanwhile measurable measure meat medical meet meeting member membership memory mend message metal method middle might mile milk milky million mine ministry minute* miss missing mist mistake mister misunderstand model modern modernization modest modesty Monday monkey month monthly mood moon moral morning most* mostly mother mountain mouth movement movie MR Mrs.Ms.much muscle museum music musician must ]my N name narrow nation naught near nearby nearly necessary neck need needle Negro neighbor neighborhood neither* never new news newspaper next nice night nine ninety ninth no nobody noise noisy none nonetheless nonsense noon nor north northeast northern northward northwest nose not notebook nothing noun novel November now* nowadays nowhere numb number nurse O obey ocean o'clock October of off* offer office officer official often oh oil okay old on one* oneself* only onto onward open opening opinion or orange order* ordinary origin(起源，由来；出身，来历)original other* otherwise ought ounce our ours ourselves out* outdoor outdoors outer outermost outside outstanding outward over overcoat overhead overseas own* owner P page painful paint painter painting pair palace panda paper pardon parent park part* partly party pass* passenger past payment peace peaceful peanut peasant pen pencil penny people per percent perhaps period permit personal petrol phone photo/photograph phrase physical physically physicist physics piano picture piece pig pilot pioneer pity place* plain plan plane* play* player playground pleasant please pleasure plus PM/P.M./p.m.pocket poem poet poetry point* poison poisonous police policeman policy polite political politician politics pollute pollution poor population port possible possibly post postcard postman potato pound pour poverty powerful prefer prepare president pretend pretty prevent price priceless pride prince princess print prison prisoner privacy private prize probability probable problem produce product production professor profit progress promise pronoun pronunciation protect protest proud prove public publish pull* punish punishment pure purpose* purse pursue push put* Q quality quarrel quarterly(每季的；每季一次；季刊）queen question quick quiet quite quiz R race radio railroad/railway rain rapid rare rat read reader reading ready real reality realize really receive recent recite recognition recognize recorder recover red reduce reform region regret regular relationship relative relativity relax religion religious rely remain remember repair repeat reply report reporter republic republican research respect* respond response responsible rest restaurant result* return review revolution* revolutionary rice rich ride right risk river road* rob robber rocket role room rope rose rough round* rubber rubbish rude rule ruler run* Russian S sad safe* safety sail sailor salad salary sale salesman same sand satellite satisfaction satisfactory satisfy Saturday save scarcely scare science scientific scientist scold scream sea seaman seaport search seaside season seat second secondary second-hand secondly secret security see* seem seldom self selfish sell send* separate September serious servant seven several sew sex shake shall shame shameful share she sheep sheet shelf shine ship shipwreck(船舶失事,海难)shirt shock shoe shoot shop shopkeeper shopping shore short* shortage shortcoming shortly should shoulder shout shut shy signal significance significant silence silent silk similar simple simply since sing single sink* sister sitting-room situation six size skate ski skill skilled skillful skin skirt sky slave slavery sleep slow small smell smile smoke smooth shake snow so* soap sob social socialism society sock soft soldier solid solve some somebody somehow someone something sometime sometimes somewhat somewhere son song soon* sorrow sorrowful sorry sort soul soup south southeast southern southward southwest Soviet speak speaker special speech speed spell spelling spend spirit spiritual splendid sport sportsman spread spy standard star stare start state statement stay steady steal steam steamer（汽船，轮船)steel step stocking(长统袜)stomach stone stool stop store storm story straight strange stranger street strength strengthen strict strong struggle student study stupid style suburb subway success successful sugar suggest suggestion summer sun Sunday sunrise sunset sunshine supermarket supper support suppose sure surface surprise surprising surround swear sweet swim sword symbol system T tail tailor take* tale（故事，传说)talk* tall target task taste tax taxi tea teach teacher teaching team teenager telegram telegraph telephone television ten tennis tent terrible test text textbook than that* the theater their theirs them themselves then theory there therefore these they thick thief thin thing third thirdly thirsty thirteen thirty this those thousand three through Thursday thus tiger till time* timetable tiny tired to tobacco today toe together tomato tomb tomorrow ton tonight too tool topic total touch* tough tour tourism tourist towards town toy train training traitor translate translation travel treat tree tremble trolley/trolly([英]无轨电车，[美]有轨电车)trouble trousers truck true Tuesday tunnel twelfth twelve twentieth twice two type typewriter typist(打字员)U ugly umbrella unable uncertain uncertainty uncle uncover under undergraduate understand understanding unhappy unite university unjust unkind unknown unless unlike unlikely unlimited unlock unsatisfactory until unusual unwilling upon upstairs upward us usage use* used useful usual usually V vacation valley valuable various vegetable verb very victory viewpoint village violin visible visit visitor vocabulary volleyball voyage(航海，航程)W waist wait waiter waitress wake waken walk wall wallet want war warm* warn warning wash waste wasteful watch watchful water wax we weak wealth wealthy weapon wear* weather wedding Wednesday weed week weekday weekend weekly weep weigh weight welcome well* well-known west western westward set what whatever wheat wheel when whenever where wherever which whichever whisky(威士忌酒)whisper whistle white who whoever whole whom whose why wide widow(寡妇)wife wild will willing win wind window wine winter wireless wisdom wise wish with within without wolf woman wonderful wood wool woolen word worker world worry worse worst would wound wrap wrist write writer writing wrong Y year yellow yes yesterday yet* young your yours yourself youth youthful Z zero zoo 二．核心词汇1800 在剩余的3500个词汇中，并非每一个都是同等重要的，其中有一半（约1800个）词汇在考研21年真题中重复出现，这1800个单词就是考研的核心高频难词，是考研的重点、考点和难点。而其余的另一半（约1700个），在考研历年真题中还没有出现过，重要性次之。复习建议：1800每天100个（把不认识的单词找出来重点记忆和复习），18天过一轮，36天就过了两轮，你就可以记住其中的绝大部分词汇了。掌握了这1800个核心词汇（还包含高中2000个基础词汇），就可以开始大范围做考研真题，你会发现在真题中，97%左右的词汇你都认识了。A-C A abide 遵循（…by）；容忍 The one thing she cannot abide is lying.abnormal 反常的 abnormal behavior abolish 彻底废除（法律、制度、习俗等）abolish old custom abrupt 突然的，意外的 an abrupt departure absolute 纯粹的，完全的 have absolute trust in sb.absorb 吸收，吸进 A sponge absorbs water.abstract 抽象的 A flower is beautiful, but beauty itself is abstract.absurd 荒谬的，荒唐的 The idea that number 13 brings bad luck is absurd.abuse 滥用 abuse one's authority(office)aaccelerate 加速，增速 accelerate one’s steps access 接近（或进入）的机会 have regular and immediate access to the President accommodate 使适应，使符合一致 accommodate oneself to changed circumstances accompany 陪伴，伴随 She was accompanied to a dinner by her friend.accomplish 达到（目的），完成（任务），实现（计划，诺言等）accomplish one's purpose accord 使符合，相一致(with)His violent action doesn't accord with his peaceful words.account 记述，叙述 give a brief account of what has happened accumulate 积累，积攒，积聚 accumulate wisdom accurate 准确的，精确的 an accurate estimate accuse 指控，指责 They accused her publicly of stealing their books.accustom 使习惯于 accustom oneself to rising(to rise)early acquaint 使认识，使了解 activate 使活动起来，使开始起作用，启动 They have planted secret agents in many countries who could be activated whenever needed.acute 尖锐的，敏锐的 an acute thinker adapt（使）适应 adapt oneself to new conditions address 演说 a television address adhere 黏附，附着 Paste is used to make one surface adhere to another.adjacent 临近的，毗邻的(to)a city and its adjacent suburbs adjoin 贴近，与...毗邻 His house adjoins the lake.administrate 掌管，料理...的事务 In many Japanese homes, the funds are administrated by the wife.adolescent（尤指16岁以下的）青少年 a film aimed at adolescents advance 使向前移动 advance a chessman advantage 有利条件，优点 Sitting Presidents hold built-in advantages when seeking another term.adverse 不友好的，敌对的 She felt adverse to her husband's friends.advocate 拥护，提倡，主张 advocate self-defence aesthetic 美学的，艺术的，审美 an aesthetic theory affliliate 使隶属（或附属）于，使成为会员 a government affiliated company affirm 断言，申明 affirm the truth of a statement aggravate 加重，加剧，恶化 aggravate the declining economy aggressive 侵犯的，侵略的 an aggressive weapon agitate 搅动（液体等）The machine agitated the mixture.alarm 惊恐，忧虑 The bandits scattered in alarm.alert 警惕的，留神的 In our reading we should always be alert for new usages.alien 外国的 adjust to an alien culture allege 断言，宣称 The newspaper alleges the mayor's guilt.allocate 分配，分派，把...拨给 allocate funds for new projects allied 结盟的，有关联的 allied nations allow 允给，准许，允许 He missed her more than he would allow himself to admit.allowance 津贴，补贴，零用钱 a housing allowance alter 改变，更改 alter an attitude alternate 交替，轮流 Night and day alternate.amateur（艺术，科学等的）业余爱好者 an amateur golfer amaze 使惊愕，使惊异 I am amazed that he should get the post.ambiguous 含糊不清的，模棱两可的 an ambiguous answer ambition（对名利等的）强烈欲望，野心 His political ambitions still burn.amend 修改，修订 amend the spelling in sb.'s paper amuse 逗乐，逗笑，给...提供娱乐（或消遣）The clown at the circus amused the children.anchor 锚 The anchor catches(drags).announce 宣布，声称 It is officially announced that he will not run for reelection.annoy 使恼怒，使生气 She was annoyed at(with)his lightheard attitude.annual 每年的，的 the annual output of steel anonymous 匿名的，无名的 an anonymous letter(phone call)answer 回答，响应 Henry took ages to answer the door.anticipate 预期，预料 The directors anticipated a fall in demand(that demand would fall).anxious 焦虑的，发愁的(about, at)They become anxious at her delay.apart 成零碎 Such cheap clothes come apart after a few washings.apparent 显然的，明明白白的 It was apparent that they all understood.appeal 呼吁，恳求 I appealed to the children to make less noise.applaud 鼓掌，喝彩，叫好 The audience applauds the performers for three minutes.apply 涂，敷 He applied two coats of paint to the table.appoint 任命，委派 They appointed his father(to be 或as)postmaster.appraise 估量，估计 appraise the infant's weight appreciate 感激 I appreciated your help much.apprehend 对...担心 Do you apprehend that there will be any difficulty? approach 靠近，接近John is approaching manhood.appropriate 恰当的，相称的 Plain, simple clothes are appropriate for school wear.approve 赞成，同意 I couldn't approve his conduct.approximate 大概的，大约的，近似的 The approximate time is 10 o'clock.apt（习性）易于......的，有......倾向的 A careless person is apt to make mistakes.arbitrary 随心所欲的，个人武断的，任意的 an arbitrary choice arise 起立，起身 arise from one's seat arouse 使......奋发 A man like Tom will be aroused.Don’t worry.array 排列，队形 The troops were formed in battle array.articulate 发音清晰的，善于表达的 He is articulate about everything in the field of economics.artificial 人工的，人造的，人为的 artificial price controls ascend 登高，（渐渐）上升，升高 The airplane ascended into the cloud.ascertain 查明，弄清，确定 I ascertained that he was dead.ashamed 惭愧的，羞耻的 I am ashamed for being so stupid.ashore 向岸，向陆地 He swam ashore.aside 在旁边 We stood aside to let her pass.assault 攻击，袭击 We made an assault on the enemy fort.assemble 集合，召集 assemble the members of Parliament for a special meeting.assert 肯定地说（出），坚定地断言 He asserted his innocence.assess 估价，评价，评论 assess the present state of the economy assign 分配，布置（作业）The teacher assigned(us)a new lesson.assimilate 吸收，消化 He is quick to assimilate new ideas.associate（使）联系，（使）结合 We naturally associated the name of Darwin with the doctrine of evolution.assume 假定，假设 Farmers will have a bumper harvest, assuming(that)the weather si favarable.assure 深信不疑地对......说，向......保证 assurance 保证，把握，信心 He gave me his assurance that he would help.astonish 使惊讶 I was astonished at his sudden appearance.attach 系，贴，连接 attach a label to a suitcase attain 达到，获得 attain one’s goal attend 出席，参加（会议等）attend a wedding attendance 出席，参加，出席人数，出席率 Our class has perfect attendance today.attentive 注意的，专心的 an attentive audience attribute 把归因于，把......（过错的责任等）归于(to)He attributed his success to hard work.auxiliary 辅助的 an auxiliary rocket avail 有利于，有助于 Will force alone avail us? average平均数，平均 The paper receives an average of nearly 100 articles a day.avert 挡开，防止，避免 Many traffic accidents can be averted by courtesy.awake 醒，觉醒 awake from sleep award 授予（奖品等）The university awarded him an honorary degree.B ban（以官方明令）禁止，取缔 He was banned from entering the city.bang（突发的）sudden loud bang bar 条，块，杆，棒 a bar of gold bare 赤裸的，光秃的，空无内容的 walk in bare feet beforehand 预先，事先 If you wanted soup for lunch you should have told me beforehand.behave 举止端正，听话 Do behave.bewilder 使迷惑，使糊涂 I’m bewildered as to which one to buy.bias 偏见，偏心 have a bias against sb.(或sth.)blame 责备，责怪 Public opinion blames Mrs Smith for leading the girl astray.blast 一阵（风），一股（气流）a blast of wind blaze 火焰 The fire sprang into a blaze.blunt 钝的 The sun was blazing down and the heat was oppressive.blush（因害羞、激动、窘困）脸红 blush with(或for)joy boast 自吹自擂，自夸的话 He is full of boasts.bolt 螺栓，（门，窗的）插销 a small bag of nuts and bolts boom 低沉有回响的声音 The great bell tolled with a deep boom.border 边界，边境，边沿 a district on the Kampuchean side of the border with Thailand bore 钻孔，挖（通道）bore through a wall bounce 弹起，反弹 The ball doesn’t bounce well.bound 跳跃，弹回 She bounded to her feet and waved her right hand triumphantly.boycott（联合起来）抑制，拒绝参加 boycott uncooperative manufactures brace 托架，支架 He braced his muscles and lifted the weight.breed（使）繁殖 Rabbits breed families rapidly.bribe 贿赂 accept(或take)a bribe from sb.brief 短暂的，简短的，简洁的 a brief holiday brisk 轻快的，生气勃勃的 a brisk pace brittle 易碎的，一碰就破的 brittle glass brush 刷子，毛刷 a laundry brush bump 碰，撞(against, into)The truck bumped against the wall in the dark.burst 爆炸，爆裂 The boiler burst.C calculate 计算，推算 calculate the distance between New York and Chicago call 喊，叫 Please call the names of all the people who are present.cancel 取消，废除，删去 cancel a trip capture 俘虏，捕获 capture butterflies case 事例，事实，事情 This is a case of poor judgment.cast 投，扔，抛，撒，掷 cast doubt(s)on the feasibility of a scheme casual 偶然的，无计划的，随便的，非正式的 a casual meeting cease 停止，终止，结束 The music ceased suddenly.certify 证明，证实 The accounts were certified(as)correct.challenge 向...挑战 Our school challenged the local champion team to a football match.character（事物的）性质，特质 The furniture in Tom’s apartment was pretentious and without character.charge 要（价），收（费）The airlines charge half price for students.charm 魅力，魔力 This thriving resort town has retained its village charm.chase 追逐，追求 The police chased the escaping thief and caught him at last.check 使突然停止，制止 check one’s steps cherish 珍爱，珍视 cherish one’s native land chew 嚼，咀嚼 He chewed a mouthful of meat.choke 窒息，噎住 be choked by smoke chorus 合唱队 chronic（疾病）慢性的，（人）久病的 chronic indigestion clarity 澄清，阐明 clarify an issue cling 粘着 The frightened child clung to her mother.clumsy 笨拙的 a clumsy boy cluster（果实，花等的）串，束，簇;(人或物)的群，组 a cluster of tourists clutch 紧抓，紧握 clutch at an opportunity coherent 一致的，协调的 lack coherent political goals coin 硬币，钱币，金属货币 a silver coin coincide 相符，相一致 100 Centigrade coincides with 212 Fahrenheit.collaborate（尤指在文艺、科学等方面）合作，协作 He and I collaborated in writing plays.collapse 倒坍，崩溃，瓦解 The roof collapsed under the weight of the snow.collide 碰撞，互撞 The car collided with the truck.come 来，来到 Will you come to the dance tonight? commemorate 纪念，庆祝 commemorate a holiday commend 表扬，称赞 commend a soldier for bravery compact 紧密的，坚实的 a compact piece of luggage compare 比较，对照(with, to)compare the body to a finely tuned machine compatible 能和睦相处的，合的来的 You should choose a roommate more compatible to your tastes.compile 汇编，编制 compile an anthology of poems comply 遵从，顺从，服从 comply with rules(safety regulations)compose 组成，构成 England, Scotland, and Wales compose the island of Great Britain.compress 压缩 He compresses a lifetime as a soldier into a few sentences comprise 包含，包括 The shipyard comprises three docks.compromise 妥协，折衷 compromise over the hard-fought next.compulsory 必须做的，义务的 a compulsory subject conceal 隐藏，隐瞒，隐蔽 He concealed his disappointment from his friends.conceive 构想出，设想 conceive an idea concentrate 集中，专心 concentrate one’s attention condemn 谴责 We all condemn cruelty to children.condense（使）压缩，（使）凝结，使简洁 condense a speech to half confer 商谈，商议 confer with sb.Over(on, about, concerning)sth.confess 坦白，供认，承认，忏悔 confess one’s crime confidence 信任 break sb.’s confidence confine 限制，使局限 They succeeded in confining the fire to a small area.confirm 证实，肯定 confirm a rumour conflict（尤指长期的）战争，战斗 The conflict between Greece and Troy lasted ten years.conform 遵照，适应 confirm to(或with)the rules(the law)confront（使）面临，（使）遭遇 The war confronted him with hardships.confuse 使混乱，混淆 He confused the arrangements by arriving late.connect 连接，连接 The bridge connects the island with(或to)the mainland.conscious 意识到的，自觉地 They were conscious that he disapproved.consent 同意，赞同，准许 The people will never consent to another war.conserve 保护，保藏，保存 conserve natural resources consider 考虑，细想 Consider carefully before doing anything.consist 组成，构成(of)The house consists of six rooms.consolidate 巩固，加强 consolidate one’s position conspicuous 显眼的，明显的，引人瞩目的 He felt as conspicuous as if he had stood on a stage.constant 经常的，不断的 a constant noise constitute 组成，构成 constitute a threat to sb.consult 请教，与......商量 consult a doctor about one’s illness consume 消费,花费: consume much of one’s time in reading contact 接触,联系,交往: be in contact with sb contain 包括,容纳, a list containing twelve items contaminate弄脏,污染,玷污,毒害: Fumes contaminate the air contempt轻视,轻蔑:show a contempt for sb contest竞赛,比赛,竞争:the contest between the two powers for the control of the region contract合同,契约:enter into(make)a contact with contradict反驳,同….相矛盾,同….相抵触:The facts contradict his theory contrary相反的,对抗的:take the contrary view contrast对照,对比,(对比之下显出的)差异:the contrast between the two forms of government contribute捐(款等),捐献:He contributed 5dollars to the charity every payday contrive设计,想出:contrive a new method controversy(尤之以文字形式进行的争论),辨证:a point of controversy convention(正式)会议,(定期)大会:draft a new constitution at a convention convert转变,转化:convert coal to(into)pipeline gas convey运送,输送,传送:a wire conveys an electric current convict(经审讯)证明…有罪,宣判…有罪:He was convicted of smuggling coordinate调节,协调:coordinate the functions of government agencies cordial热情友好的,热诚的,真心的:a cordial hello(smile, invitation)correspond相符合相称(to,with):Fulfillment seldom corresponds to anticipation correspondent通信者,通讯员,记者:a good(bad)correspondent corresponding符合的,一致的:corresponding fingerprints corrode(渐渐)损害,(一点一点地)损伤:Bribery corrodes the confidence that must exist between buyer and seller corrupt堕落的,腐败的,贪赃舞弊的:lead a corrupt life count数,计算: count the money course课程,科目:an English course courtesy 谦恭有礼。有礼的举止（或）言辞：come in without courtesy credit信任，可信性：I have full credit in your ability to do the job。crucial 决定性的，关键性的：a crucial decision cue 提示，暗号，信号：throw cues to sb cultivate耕作，栽培，养殖：cultivate vegetables cure 治愈，医治：this medicine cured him of his pains。cut 切，割，剪，砍，削;The Mayor cut the ribbon to open a trade exhibition.D dawn 黎明，拂晓 work from dawn to dark dazzle（强光等）使目眩，耀眼：He was dazzled by his sudden success.deceive 欺骗，蒙蔽：deceive oneself decent 体面的，像样的:She didn’t have a decent dress for the ball.decline 拒绝，谢绝：We sent him an invitation but he declined.decompose 分解，腐烂，腐败：decompose a compound into its elements.dedicate 奉献，把。。用在（to）: The doctor dedicated himself to finding a cure.deduce 演绎，推论：From her conversation, I deduced that she had a large family.define 解释，给。。下定义: People define him as a genius.deform(使)变形：Heat deforms plastic.defy 公然违抗，反抗：He was going ahead defying all difficulties.degenerate 衰退，堕落，变坏（into）: Her eyesight degenerated with the years.deliberate 慎重的，深思熟虑的：The government is taking deliberate action to lower prices.delight 高兴，快乐：To the teacher’s great delight , all his students passed the examination.deliver 投递，传送，运输：deliver the mail demonstrate 论证，证明 ：demonstrate a philosophical principle denote 表示，是。。的标志，意思是：A frown often denotes displeasure.dense 稠密的，密集的:a dense forest deposit 存放： She deposited her bag in the cloakroom.depress 使沮丧，使消沉：That movie depressed me.deprive 剥夺，使丧失：deprive sb.of his property derive 取得，得到：He derived his enthusiasm for literature from his father.descend 下来，下降：Darkness descended too soon.deserve 应得，值得：The question deserves consideration.designate 指明，表明：designate boundaries desolate 荒芜的，不毛的：desolate land despise 蔑视，鄙视：He despises flattery.detach 拆卸：They detached their trailer and set up camp.detain 留住，担搁：be detained by business.detect（当场）发现（某人在干坏事）:detect a student cheating deteriorate（使）恶化,(使)变坏,(使)退化: Relations between the two countries began to deteriorate.deviate 背离，偏离：deviate from the rule devote 将...献给（to）:Mary devoted her life to caring for the sick.diagnose 诊断，判断：The doctor diagnosed the illness as influenza.dictate 口授，使听写：dictate a letter to a secretary differentiate 使不同，使有差别，区分，区别：differentiate varieties of plants diffuse 扩散（气体，液体等）：The colors of the sunset were diffused across the sky.diminish 减少，降低：His illness diminished his strength.diplomat 外交家，外交官，圆滑的人：a career diplomat discard 丢弃，抛弃：discard an old pair of shoes discern 看出，觉察出：We could discern from his appearance that he was upset.disclose 揭露，透露，使公开：disclose information to sb.discharge 释放：The judge found him not guilty and discharged him.discount 把（价格，费用等）打折扣，削价出售：The store discounts 3 per cent on all bills paid when due.discriminate 区别，辨别：It’s difficult to discriminate between the twin brothers.disgrace 丢脸，耻辱：bring disgrace on oneself disgust 厌恶，恶心：feel disgust for bad odors disperse 分散，驱散，散去：Police dispersed the rioters with tear gas displace 移动。。的位置：Many of the inhabitants were displaced by the rising floodwaters dispose 布置，整理:The stores disposed the jewellery in an attractive display disregard 不理会，不顾：Disregard the noise and keep working distinct 有区别的，不同的：Three distinct types of people distort 扭歪，扭曲：a face distorted by(或with)pain distract 使转向：be distracted from one’s original purpose distribute 分配，分发：distribute the prizes among the winners divorce 离婚，分离，脱离：sue for a divorce dominate 分配，统治：a white dominated society donate 捐赠，赠送：They donate to the Red Cross every year.doom 命运，厄运，劫数：His doom was to be poverty.doze 打瞌睡，打盹儿：The old lady dozed in her armchair.drain 慢慢排去：drain water from a pool dread 怕，畏惧:I dread to think of what may happen.drift 漂流，漂泊：The sounds of music drifted up to us.dubious 引起怀疑的，不确定的：a dubious reply due 欠款的，应支付的：A great deal of money is due to you.dump 倾倒，倾卸：He opened his bag and dumped its contents on the desk.duplicate 完全一样的，复制的：a duplicate key durable 耐用的：a durable fabric dwell（dwelt 或 dwelled）（尤指作为常住居民）居住: dwell on an island E economical节约的,节俭的,经济的: an economical stove edge边,棱: At the edge of the lake women were doing their washing edible可以吃的,可食用的:edible oil elaborate精心计划(或制作)的,详尽的:an elaborate plot elevate举起,提高,抬起:elevate the living standards of the people eliminate排除,消除:eliminate the exploitation of man by man elite出类拔萃的人(或物),精华:the elite of the society eloquent雄辩的,口才流利的,有说服力的:an eloquent spokesman embark上船(或飞机,汽车等):embark for Europe at New York harbor embody使具体化,表现:embody principles in actions embrace拥抱:She embraced her son tenderly emigrate移居外国(或外地区):emigrate from Canada to Australia emit发出,散发(光,热,电度,声音,液体,气味等),发射电子:The chimney emitted a cloud of smoke enclose(从四面八方)围住,包围:enclose a porch with glass encounter意外的遇见,遭遇:encounter an old friend in the theatre endeavor(为达到某一目的而)努力,尝试:How much he endeavored, goal stayed unattained energy活力,精力:a man of energy enforce实施,使生效:The principal enforced the rules of the school engage(用契约诺言等)约束,使订婚:He engaged himself as an apprentice to a printer enhance 提高(价格,质量,吸引力等),增加,增强:enhance one’s reputation enlighten 启发,使摆脱偏见(或迷信)Would you enlighten me on your plans for the future? enroll 吸收(成员),招生:The school enrolled about 300 pupils last year ensure 保证,担保:His industriousness and ability will ensure his success entertain 给。。娱乐,使有兴趣:The child is entertaining himself with his building blocks entitle 给。。权利,给。。资格(to):Robert was entitled to see the documents equivalent 相等的,相同的:The misery of such a position is equivalent to its happiness erase 擦掉,抹掉,消除:erase the chalk marks erect 竖直的,垂直的,竖起的:an erect tree erupt(火山,喷泉等)喷发:The volcano is due to erupt any day essence 本质,实质,要素:Being thoughtful of others is the essence of politeness eternal 永恒的,永存的,永久的:eternal truths evaluate 估价,评价:evaluate property evaporate(使)蒸发,(使)挥发:Heats evaporate water exaggerate 夸张,夸大,对…言过其实:keep to the facts and don’t exaggerate exceed 超出,胜过:Her performance exceeded all the others excess 超越,超过:an excess of supply over demand execute 实行,实施,执行,履行:execute a plan exemplify 例示,举例证明,是…的例证(或榜样等):The teacher exemplified the use of the word exert 用力,尽力:exert all one’s strength exhaust 汲空,抽完:exhaust a well expand 扩大,扩展,膨胀:Reading(travel)expands one’s mind expel 驱逐,赶走:expel an invader from a country expend 花费,消费(on, in):They expended all their strength in(on)trying to climb out expire 满期,届期,(期限)终止:His term of office expires this year explicit 详尽的,明确的:give explicit directions exploit英勇的或冒险的行为或事迹:The daring of exploit of the parachutists were much admired exterior 外部的,外面的,外表的:exterior decorations external 外面的,外部的:external signs of a disease extinct(火等)熄灭了的:an extinct cigarette(fire)extinguish熄灭,扑灭:extinguish a cigarette(candle)extract取出,提取:extract a confession extravagant奢侈的,浪费的:be extravagant in one’s way of living F fabricate 建造,制造:The finest craftsmen fabricated this clock facilitate使变得(更)容易,使便利:Such a port would facilitate the passage of oil from the Middle East to Japan fade(颜色)褪去:The color in this material will not fade faint不清楚的,模糊的,微弱的:a faint idea fancy想象力:Children usually have a lively fancy fare车费,船费,飞机票价:full(half)fare fascinate强烈的吸引,迷住,使神魂颠倒:be fascinated with history fashion方式,样子:She speaks in a very strange fashion favor 恩惠,善意的行为:We would esteem it a great favor if you would reply at once feasible 可行的:a feasible plan(idea)feeble 虚弱的,无力的:His pulse was very feeble feed 喂养,饲养:feed a baby at the breast figure 数字:according to official figures finance 财政,金融:skill in finance finite 有限的,有限制的:a finite number of facts flare(火焰)闪耀,(摇曳不定地)燃烧:candle flaring in the wind flash 闪光,闪烁:a flash of lighting flat平坦的,扁平的:a flat land flatter奉承,使高兴:I feel greatly flattered by your invitation flavor味,味道,风味:drama with a European flavor flee逃走,逃掉:The enemy troops fled in utter confusion flexible柔韧易,弯曲的:flexible cord fling(用力)扔,掷,抛,丢:fling sb into prison flourish 茂盛,繁荣,兴旺:Painting flourished in Italy in the fifteenth century fluctuate波动,起伏:You can’t march in a straight line to the victory, you fluctuate it flush 脸红:Her cheeks flushed red forbid 不许,禁止:Wine is absolutely forbidden to all the children forge锻炼:forge a horse-shoe out of an iron bar formulate规划(制度等),构想出(计划方法等)formulate a policy fracture 裂缝,裂痕: a fracture in the pipe frequent时常发生的,频繁的:His trips to France are less frequent now frown 皱眉:frown at sb frustrate 挫败,阻挠,使灰心,使无效:frustrate a plan fulfill(fulfilled, fulfilling)履行,实现,完成: fulfill a contract furnish供应，提供：furnish blankets for the refugees fury狂怒，暴怒：fly into a fury fuss大惊小怪，乱忙，小题大做：make much fuss over losing a penny G gallop(马等的)飞跑，疾驰：The horse did a fine gallop during the race gamble赌博：gamble at cards gasp 喘气，喘息：speak between gasps gear齿轮，传动装置，(排)档：interlock cogs and gears generalize 归纳，概括:I don’t think you can generalize about what voters will do generate 产生，发生(电、热、光、力、摩擦力等)：generate electricity genuine 真的，非人造的，名副其实的：genuine leather gesture 手势，示意动作：raise one’s hands in a gesture of despair glance 一瞥，扫视：take a glance at the newspaper headlines glare 怒视，瞪眼：give the jury a glare glimpse 一瞥，一看：have a glimpse of(into)sth glitter 闪闪发亮(或发光)，光彩夺目，闪耀：His language glitters with marvelous words glory 光荣，荣誉：The soldiers hoped to win glory on the battle field glow 发热，发光，发红：the fire glowing in the darkness gossip 流言蜚语：give rise to gossip govern 统治，管理：govern a nation grace 优美：She ran well, grace in every movement graduate(使)大学毕业：graduate from college grant 同意，准予：grant a request grease 油脂，动物脂：the grease spot on the envelope greet 问候，招呼：greet sb with a nod grieve 使悲伤，使伤心：The little girl grieved over her kitten’s death grind(ground)磨，磨碎，碾碎：grind wheat into flour grip 抓紧，紧握：Fear gripped his heart gross 总的，毛的：gross income guarantee 保证，保证书，保单：Wealth is no guarantee of happiness H hail 欢呼，喝彩：The crowd hailed the actress with joy halt(行进中的)暂停前进，中止，终止：The car came to a sudden halt hamper 妨碍，阻碍：hamper sb from getting elected handicap 障碍，不利条件：Poor eyesight is a handicap to a student haste 急速，急忙，仓促，草率： Why all this haste? hatch 孵，孵出：hatch(out)chickens hazard 危险，危害物，危险之源：a life full of hazards heal 治愈，愈合：heal the sick heap(一)堆：a big heap of books hedge(矮树)树篱：a quickset hedge highlight 使显著，使突出：Growing economic problems were highlighted by a slowdown in oil output hinder妨碍，阻止：Bad weather hindered travel hint 暗示：drop(give ,throw out)a hint hoist 举起，升起，吊起：The war hoisted prices hold 拿着，抓住：The girl is holding the baby in her arms homogeneous 同种类的，同性质的，有相同特征的：homogeneous parts horizon 地平(线)：The sun has sunk below the horizon hospital 好客的，殷勤的，热情友好的：be hospital to the homeless hostile 敌人的，敌方的：a hostile army humble 地位(或身份)低下的，卑贱的：a humble job hysterical 情绪异常激动的，歇斯底里的 an hysterical outburst of fury I identical 同一的：the same(very)identical menu identify 识别，鉴别：He identified the coat as his brother’s idle 闲散的，闲置的：idle money ignite点燃，使燃烧：ignite a stove fire with scraps of paper ignore 不顾，不理，忽视：He who ignores history is doomed to repeat it illuminate 照明，照亮，解释，启发，启迪：The room was poorly illuminated by one candle illustrate(用图或例子)说明，阐明：A complicated rule can be illustrated by a simple example immerse 使浸没：He immersed himself in the pool immune免除的，豁免的：Nobody is immune from criticism impact 冲击，撞击：the impact of light on the eye impair 削弱，减少：The output of produce was impaired by the bad weather impartial 公正的，无偏见的：A judge should be impartial implement 工具，器具，用具：new types of farm implements impose 征(税)，加(负担，惩罚等)于(on, upon)：impose additional tax on business expansion impulse 推动，驱动：give an impulse to the development of the friendly relations between the two countries inaccessible 达不到的：The two rocks at the top of the steep hill is at first sight inaccessible incline倾斜：The shaft inclines almost thirty degree incorporate 包含，吸收：His book incorporates his earlier essays incur 招致，引起，遭受：incur sb’s displeasure(envy)indignant 愤怒的，愤慨的：The actress was at the columnist’s personal questions indispensable 必不可少的，必需的(to.for)： Oxygen is indispensable to life induce 引诱，劝使：Nothing will induce me to do that infer(根据已知事实等)推断，推定(from)：From his grades I inferred that he was a good student ingenious(人,头脑等)灵巧的，足智多谋的：an ingenious designer initiate 开始，发起：initiate a conversation innovate 革新，改革，创新(in,on/upon)：innovate on another’s creation inquire 询问，打听：He inquired what the weather was likely to be insert 插入，嵌入：In the pause he managed to inquire a question inspire 鼓舞，激起：His speech inspires the crowd instant 紧急的，急迫的，立即的，即刻的：be in instant need of help institute 学会，协会，学院，研究院：an institute for the blind insulate 隔音，使隔绝(以免受到影响)：We are not insulated from the real world the way we were insult 侮辱，辱骂：She insulted him by calling him a coward insure 保险，给。。保险：Every father should insure his life for the sake of his wife and children intact 完整无缺的，未经触动的，未受损伤的：an intact family integrate使成一体，使合并(with, into)：integrate traditional Chinese medicine with western medicine interfere 妨碍，冲突(with)：Misty weather interfered with the contact intermittent 间歇的，断断续续的，周期性的：suffer from intermittent headaches intervene 插入，介入：A week intervenes between Christmas and New Year’s Day intricate 错综复杂的，复杂精细的：A detective story usually has an intricate plot invert 使反向，使倒转，使颠倒：The magician inverted the bag to show it was empty irrespective 不考虑的，不顾的(of)：irrespective of consequences irritate 激怒，使恼怒，使烦躁：be irritated by sb’s insolence J justify 证明。。正当或有理,正确：Such behavior is justified on these grounds K knit 编织，编结：She’s knitting her husband a sweater L label 标签，标记，标号：put labels on your luggage lag 走得慢，落后，滞留：Some of the runners began to lag latent 潜在的，隐伏的，不易觉察的：a latent infection leak 漏洞，裂缝：The pipe has got a leak lean 斜，倾斜 the Leaning tower of Pisa lend 借给，贷款 Could you lend me your car length 长，长度 What is the length of the street? liable 会……的，有……倾向的 We are all liable to make mistakes liberal 慷慨的，大方的 a liberal donation light 光，光亮，光线 The house blazed with light limp 软的，松沓的 a young man in a limp gray sweater linger逗留，徘徊 The children lingered at the zoo until closing time long 长的，远的，久的 a long journey lubricate 使润滑 lubricate the skin with cold cream lump块，小方块 a lump of coal M macroscopic肉眼可见的 magnet 磁铁，磁铁石 The pin was extracted with a magnet magnify 放大，扩大 I want to magnify this picture maintain 维持，保持 maintain law and order malfunction 发生功能障碍，发生障碍 If the computer malfunctions it fails to work properly maltreat 粗暴地对待，虐待 We’ll not intervene unless the children are being physically maltreated manifest 显然的，明了的manifest superiority manipulate(熟练地)操作 Mr.Smith manipulated the ivory chopsticks with great dexterity mature 熟的，成熟的 a mature fruit meet 遇见，碰到 He met her there by chance melt 使融化，使熔化 The sun melted the snow mend 修理，修补 mend clothes merit 长处，优点，价值，功绩 merits and demerits migrate 移居(尤指移居国外)，迁移 migrate to another country minimum 最低限度，最少量，最低点 minor 较小的，较少的，较不重要的 mislead 把……引错方向，把……引入歧途 moan 呻吟声，呜咽声 Each time she moved her leg she let out a ～.mobilize 动员 Our country’s in great danger, we must ～ the army.mock 嘲笑，嘲弄 He had ～ed her modest ambitions.model 模型，原形 build airplane ～s modify 修改，更改 ～a law momentary 片刻的，瞬息的 a ～ feeling of fear monitor（学校的）班长 a ～ in class 5.mortgage 抵押（借款）He will have to ～ his land for a loan.motion 动，运动the ～ of the planets motive 动机，目的be proper in～ mount登上，爬上～ the steps multiply 乘，相乘～ 7 and 8 muscle 肌肉 facial ～s mutual 相互的，彼此的 ～ aid N narrate 叙述，讲述 ～ the story of sb’s life nasty 龌龊的，肮脏的 a～ room necessitate 使成为必须，需要 The emergency ～d a change in plans.necessity 必要（性），（迫切）需要 There is no ～ for disappointment.neglect 忽视，忽略 ～ one’s health negligent 疏忽的，大意的 be ～ about traffic regulations nominal 名义的，有名无实的 a ～ leader nominate 提名 a ～ leader noteworthy值得注意的，显著的a ～ day notorious 臭名昭著的a ～ thief notwithstanding 虽然，尽管 They traveled on,～ the storm nourish养育Milk is all we need to ～our small baby numb 麻木的，失去感觉的 fingers ～ with cold O object 物体，事物 cultural ～s objective 目的，宗旨 political ～s oblige 强迫，迫使 In certain countries the law ～s parents to send their children to school obscure 晦涩的，费解的 an ～ text obsolete 废弃的，淘汰的 Wooden warships are ～.obstinate 顽固的，固执的，倔强的The girl would go her own way, in spite of all warnings occasion 时刻，场合They met on three ～s occupy 占用，占有My books ～ a lot of space occur 发生，存在，出现 when did the earthquake ～? odd的奇数的，单的，奇怪的One ,three five are ～numbers offend 冒犯，使生气 She was afraid of ～ing anyone.offence 犯法行为，过错 They were arrested for drug ～s.offset 补偿，抵消They gains ～the losses.omit 省略，删去 Minor points may be omitted.opaque 不透明的A brick wall is ～.optimistic 乐观的，乐观主义的 option 选择权 It is your ～ to take it or leave it orient 东方，东方国家 political theory in the West and in the Orient origin 起源，由来 a word of Latin ～ ornament 装饰品，点缀品 We bought ～s for the Christmas tree orthodox 正统的，正宗的 an ～ economic theory outline轮廓，外形 He saw the ～ of a house against the sky overflow 泛滥 Every spring the river ～s overhaul 大修，全面检查，彻底革新～ a faulty machine overhear 偶然听到，偷听到I wouldn’t like to be ～d overlap 重叠，部分相同 The Renaissance overlapped the later Middle Ages overtake 赶上，超过 He ran out of the door to ～ her overthrow 推翻，打倒 a plot to ～ the government overwhelm 征服，压倒，毁坏 He took 45% of the ballots and ～ed his two main rivals P pace 步，步速，步伐 He took three ～s forward pack 包，包裹 The climber carried some food in a ～ on his back pad 垫，衬垫 a seat ～ pant 气喘，气喘吁吁地说话 He ～ed along beside the bicycle parallel平行的 The road is ～ to the river paralyze 使瘫痪，使麻痹 A stroke ～d half his face partial 偏向一方的，偏袒的，偏爱的 A parent should not be ～ to any one of his children participate 参与，参加，In a modern democracy people want to ～ more fully particular 特殊的，特别的 a matter of ～ importance pat(用掌或扁平物)轻拍，轻打She patted a place next to her for me to sit down patch 补钉，补片 patches at elbows of a jacket patent 专利，专利权，专利品 take out a ～ for an invention pattern 模范，榜样 set the ～ for pave 铺路，铺砌，铺筑 ～ a road with concrete peculiar 奇怪的，古怪的 He has always been a little ～ peel 削皮，剥皮 peel potatoes penetrate 穿透，渗入 The nail ～d the wood at least two inches perceive 感知，感觉，觉察 He was only able to ～ light and color;he could not see properly perfect 完美的，理想的 a ～ couple perform 做，执行，完成～ an experiment perfume 香水，香料，香气She loves French ～(s)periodical 期刊，杂志 a ～ room perish 卒，丧生～ from disease perpetual 永久的，永恒的，长期的 a ～ arms race perplex 使困惑，使茫然 The question ～ed him persecute 虐待，残害，迫害 ～ animals perspective 透视画法，透视图 a lesson in drawing class on ～ pessimistic 悲观的 I am ～ about my chances of getting the job petition 请愿，请愿书 get up a ～ pierce 刺入，刺穿，穿透 The thorn ～d his heel pile 一堆，一叠 a ～ of sand pilot 飞行员，驾驶员 pin 大头针，别针 pinch 捏，拧，夹 I ～ed myself to make sure I wasn’t dreaming plausible 论点等貌似有理的 a ～ excuse plead 恳求，请求 His parents ～ed that he should be given one more chance pledge 保证，誓言，誓约 fulfill one’s ～ plot 小块土地 a vegetable ～ plug 塞子，栓 He wears rubber ～s in his ears when he swims plunge 猛地投入或插入 He ran to the edge of the swimming pool and ～d in pocket 衣袋，口袋，袋子 a change ～ polish 擦光，擦亮 Polish your shoes with a brush poll 民意测验 A recent ～ shows a change in public opinion pool 水池，游泳池 a swimming ～ portable 便于携带的，手提式的，轻便的This little TV is extremely ～ pose 姿势，样子 The model was asked to adopt various ～s for the photographer postpone 延迟，延缓，延期 We are postponing our trip until the weather grows warmer potential 潜在的，可能的 That hole in the road is a ～ danger pour 倒，注，灌，倾泻，涌流 He began to ～ with sweat preach 讲道，布道 ～ to a packed church preside 主持，主管(at, over)The vice chairman of the board will ～ at today’s meeting press 按，挤，压 ～ the bell presume 推测，假定，假设 From the way they talked, I ～d them to be married prevail 流行，盛行 This custom still ～s among members of the older generation prey 被捕食的动物，捕获物 The lion seized its ～ and ate it prick 一刺，一扎 The boy burst the balloon with a ～ of the needle prime 首要的，主要的 a matter of ～ importance primitive 原始的，上古的，早期的 a ～ forest prior 在先的，在前的 Stop making public statements without their ～ approval here privilege 特权，优惠，特免 In countries where there are still not many schools, education is a ～ probe 探索，探查，调查 ～ the roots of war proceed（尤指停顿或打断后）继续进行 The train ～ed at the same speed as before process 过程，进程 the ～ of digestion proclaim 宣告，宣布，声明 ～ war produce 生产，制造 Canada ～s wheat and furs profit 利润，收益，红利 They made millions in ～s in last year profound 很深的 a ～ sleep prohibit 禁止 Tourist class passengers are ～ed from using the first class lounge project 计划，方案 draw up a ～ prolong 延长，拉长，拖延 a means of ～ing life prominent 突起的，凸出的 a ～ forehead prompt 敏捷的，迅速的 He is ～ on the job pronounce 发音 ～ distinctly propose提议，建议 When she was very ill ,her lawyer has ～d to her that she might like to make a will prosper 兴旺，繁荣，昌盛，成功 His farm ～ed through good management provoke 挑动，激起，导致 He tried to ～ them into fighting pump 泵 fill a bucket from the ～ pursue 追赶，追随，追求 He felt their eyes pursuing him puzzle 难题，智力玩具，迷，迷惑 jigsaw ～ Q quality 质量，品级 merchandise of ～ quantity 数量，量 an increase in ～ quench 消除，平息，压制，扑灭 ～ hatred queue一队人，一行列车 from a ～ quit 停止，放弃 It hasn’t ～ raining yet quiver 颤抖，抖动 ～ with cold quote引用，引述，援引 She ～d several verses to us R rack 架子，支架，搁架 a clothes ～ radiate（光，热等）辐射，发射 The sun ～s light and heat radical 根本的，基本的a ～ error rake（长柄）耙，耙机，耙状物 an oyster ～ rally 集合，团结 ～ public opinion in favor of price controls random胡乱的，任意的，随意的，a ～talk range 排，行，一系列 a ～ of buildings rank排，行，列 the ～s of great pines rate 比率，率 Velocity is the ～ of change of distance with respect to time reap 收割，收获 ～ the rice in the field rear 后部，后边，背部a garden at the ～ of the house recall 回忆，回想I ～ seeing a poster on his wall reciprocal 相互的，交互的 ～ respect reckon 计算，数 ～ the days till Christmas reclaim 使改过，改造 ～ former criminals recognize认出，识别 Dogs ～ people by their smell recollect 回忆，想起 I am trying to ～ a forgotten address recommend 推荐，称赞 He ～ed me for the post of headmaster reconcile 使和解，使和好After each fight they ate soon ～d recover 追回，重新得到The police ～ed stolen watch recruit 招募（新兵）招收（新成员）try to ～300 men in two days rectify纠正，改正，矫正 ～ the mistakes in a bill refer 提到，谈到 Does the remark ～ to me refine 提炼～ crude oil into various petroleum products reform 改革，改良 He spend years trying to ～ the world refresh 使恢复活力，使振作精神 Sleep ～es the body refute驳斥，驳倒 The argument cannot be d at the moments regard 看待，认为，对待 I ～ the matter in this light regenerate 使恢复，使复兴，再生The human body can ～ hair, nails, etc regulate管理，控制，为……制订规章 The policeman ～d traffic at the intersection reign 为王，统治In England ,the sovereign ～s but does not rule reinforce 增援，加强 They hope to ～ their domination in these countries rejoice 使感到高兴，使充满喜悦 The whole nation ～ over the victory relate 讲述，叙述 She ～d the experience of a Chinese girl in the United States relay 接力传送，传递 ～ a message release 排放，释出 ～ a bomb from an aircraft relevant 有关的，切题的I don’t think his remarks are ～ to our discussions relieve 缓解，减轻，解除He smoked frequently to ～ nervous tension remark 评论，议论(on, upon)It would be rude to ～ upon her appearance remedy 治疗，治疗法，药品 a folk ～ remember 记得，回想起，不忘记 I ～ reading that boo when I was eight remind 提醒，使想起 I ～ed him of his promise remove 移开，挪走 ～ one’s eyes from the picture render 使得，使成为 The blow ～ed him unconscious renew 更新，恢复，更换We feel totally ～ed in body ,mind ,and spirit renovate 修复，整修 ～ a two storey building repel 击退，抵制，拒绝，排斥 ～ the enemy repent 后悔，懊悔 ～of a thoughtless act replace 代替，取代，更换The calculator is rapidly replacing the abacus represent 代表，象征To many local people these castles ～ a hundred years of foreign domination reproach 责备，指责，斥责 mute ～ rescue 营救，救援，搭救 ～ hostages held by the terrorists resent 怨恨 ～ those unfair comments reserve 保留，储备 We’ll the ticket for you till tomorrow noon resign 辞职，引退 He ～ed from his post resolve 决定，打定注意要 Have you ～d where to go next? resort 求助，凭借，诉诸 ～ to sb for help restore 恢复，修复，康复 The temple has been ～d out of all recognition restrain 抑制，遏止 ～ one’s anger resume 重新开始，继续 When I quit golf, I ～d writing retain 保留，保持 ～the right to reply reveal 揭示，揭露 I promise never to ～ his secret revenge 报仇，复仇Man may destroy the balance of nature ,but ,from time to time, nature takes a terrible ～ reverse 相反的，颠倒的，倒退的a ～ dictionary revise 修订，校订 ～ a dictionary revive 苏醒，复苏 He is dead and never will ～ ridiculous 可笑的，荒唐的，荒谬的 In this department of English girls outnumber boys in a ～ ratio rigid 刚性的，坚硬的 a ～ piece of plastic ripe 成熟的，时机成熟的 a ～ cluster of grapes roll 滚动，滚落 Rocks were ～ing down the hillside rot 腐烂，腐坏，腐朽，腐败，腐化Meat may ～ if it is not refrigerated roundabout 绕道的，绕圈子的，不直接的 The car has to take a ～ course to avoid the flood rouse 惊起 The boat ～d wild ducks to flight row 吵闹，争吵 What’s all this ～ about? rub 擦，摩擦 He rubbed his eyes rush 冲，奔 ～ into the room rust 锈，铁锈 Iron gathers ～easily ruthless 无情的，残忍的，冷酷的 a～ enemy S sack 麻袋，纸袋，塑料袋 a ～of cement sacred 神圣的the ～ name of God sacrifice 献祭，供奉 a law banning the ～ of animals salute 敬礼，祝贺 ～ one’s superior officer scan 细看，审视 ～ the doctor’s face for a sign of hope scare 惊吓，恐惧 The thunder ～d the children scatter 撒，撒播～ corn for the chickens schedule 时间表，进度表 a fight ～ scheme 计划，方案 He suggested several ～s to increase sales scold 责骂，训斥 Dad ～ed me for coming home late score 得分，比分，分数，成绩 At the end of first half there’s no ～ scorn 轻蔑，鄙视 He ～s lying scrap 碎片，零屑 ～s of bread scrape 刮，擦 ～one’s chin scratch 抓，刮，擦 The cat ～ed me with its claws screen 屏，幕，帘 a folding ～ secure 安全的，可靠的，有把握的 a castle ～from attack seek 寻找，探索 ～ shelter from the rain seize 抓住，捉住The policeman ～d him by the collar sense 感官，官能

Sight ,hearing ,touch, taste, and smell are the five ～s sensible 明知的，合情理的 a ～ choice serve 服务，履行职责 He ～d as an adviser to the company set 放置 He set his hand on my shoulder shade 荫，荫凉处The group of trees provide some ～ from the sun sham假装，虚伪 Her illness was a ～ to gain sympathy shame 羞耻，羞愧 flush with ～ shape 形状，外形 the ～ of sb’s face share 一分，分额，一部分 They divided the money into equal ～s shear 剪，修剪 ～ a lawn shed 流 ～ one’s blood for one’s country sheer 完全的，十足的 ～ nonsense shelter 掩蔽处，躲避处 a bus ～ shield 盾，保护物，防御物 They piled more sand on top as a ～ shift 转移，移动 Don’t try to ～the blame onto me shower 阵雨，阵雨般的东西 be caught in a hard ～ shrewd 机灵的，敏锐的，精明的 a ～ guess signify 表示，表明，预示 ～ consent with a nod simulate 假装，冒充 use tricks to ～ illness sit 坐，就坐 He was sitting over his coffee with a cigar sketch 素描，速写 make a ～ of a face in pencil slack 不紧的，不严的 a ～ soft rope slender 苗条的，修长的，细长的She is ～ and has long dark hair slide 滑行，滑动，滑落 The drawers of my desk ～ in and out easily slim苗条的，薄的 Regular exercise will make you slimmer slip 滑倒，滑落，滑行 She ～ed on the wet stones and fell slit 切开，撕开 ～ the envelope open slope 倾斜，有坡度 The ground ～s down sharply at this point sly 狡猾的，偷偷的 a ～answer smart 聪明的，精明的 Smart students talk earlier than the average smash 打碎，打破，摧毁 The ball ～ed the window smooth平滑的，光滑的～ skin snatch 夺得，一把抓住 The thief ～ed her handbag and ran off snob 势力的人，谄上欺下的人 a ～ of the first water soak 湿透，浸湿，浸泡 You shouldn’t have gone out in the rain－your clothes are ～ing sober 未醉的 A driver must stay ～ soil 泥土，土壤The ～here is very fertile sophisticated 老于世故的 a young man quite ～ for his age sore 痛的，痛苦的，痛心的touch sb on a ～ place sort 种类，类别 He is not the ～ of man to do such a cruel thing sound 健康的，健全的，完好的 a ～body in a ～ mind sour 酸的，酸味的 ～pickles sow 播种 This plot of land was sown with maize spare 多余的，剩下的have no ～ cash spark 火花，火星 The firework burst into a shower of ～s sparkle 发光，闪耀 Her eyes were sparkling with anger specify 具体指定，详细说明 They have specified the amount as 700,000 dollars spectacle 景象，奇观，壮观，场面 The burning house was a terrible ～ speculate 推测，推断 I cannot ～ on their motives for doing this spill 溢出，溅出 The ship ～ed oil while in port spin 纺制 ～ cotton into yarn spit 吐出 He was ～ting out the husks of sunflower seeds on the floor splash 溅泼A passing car ～ed my dress split 劈开，切开，裂开 ～ the firewood with an axe spoil 损坏，毁掉 It would ～ my reputation sponsor 发起者，主办者，保证人，赞助者the ～ of the annual Christmas parade spot斑点，污点 a blue tie with ～s spray 浪花，水花 The new shower heads reduce ～ and waste less water sprout 抽条，发芽，长出 The seeds we planted finally ～ed spur 靴刺，踢马刺a pair of ～s squeeze 榨，挤 ～ juice from oranges stab 刺，戳，猛的一击，突发的一阵 a ～ of anxiety stack整齐的一叠 a ～ of bills staff 全体职员，全体雇员 The company has got a ～ of about 40 stain 玷污，污染 His shirt was ～ed with blood stale 食品等不新鲜的，走味的 These old peanuts taste ～ stall 牛舍 stamp 邮票 put a ～ on a letter start 开始，动手 I’ve got so many things to do,I don’t know where to ～ startle 惊吓，使吃惊 The horse ～s easily starve 使挨饿，饿死 Many live in luxury while others are starvin station 车站 at Victoria Station

stationary 固定的，静止的，非流动的 ～ troops

statistics 统计，统计资料 The recent ～ on marriage are interesting steer 掌舵，驾驶 ～ a car through the entrance stern 严厉的，苛刻的 a ～ punishment stick 棍，棒，手杖 Grandfather walks with a ～

stimulate 刺激，促使 ～ economic growth sting刺，螫，叮 A bee stung him on the neck stir 使微动，移动 A breeze ～red my hair stitch 一针，针脚 Make your ～es closer together

stock 原料，备料，库存，现货 Rags are used as a ～ for making paper stoop 俯身，弯腰She ～ed to pick up her fan storm 风暴，暴风雨，暴风雪 A ～ arose

straightforward 一直向前的，直接的 a ～ business transaction strain 拉紧，绷紧 If you ～ the elastic any more, it will break strap 带，皮带 silks ～s

stream 小河，溪流 on the banks of a ～

strength 力量，力气，活力，效力 the economic ～ of a nation stress压力，紧张 Not all of us can cope with the ～es of modern life stretch 伸直，伸长 He yawned and ～ed himself stride阔步前进，大踏步走He strode to the platform strike 打击，撞 A stone struck me on the head

string 细绳，线，带 She took the parcel and started to undo the string strip 剥去，除去 The wind stripped the tree of all its leaves strive 努力，奋力，力求～ towards a goal

stroke 敲，打，鸣 drive in a nail with one ～ of the hammer

stubborn 顽固的，倔强的 The ～ boy refused to listen to his parents’advice

stuff 原料，材料，物品，东西 He has got all the ～ ready for building his new house subject 题目，主题 the ～ for a debate submerge 浸没，淹没，湮没 The stream overflowed and ～d the farmland submit 屈服，服从，投降 ～ to foreign pressure subordinate 下级的 In the army ,captains are ～ to majors substance 物质，实质 the ～ of pre-school education

substitute 代替者，代替物 He is the doctor’s ～ during holidays times subtle 微妙的，巧妙的 His whole attitude has undergone a ～ change subtract 减，减去 Subtract 4 from 10 you get 6 succession 连续，一系列 a ～ of debates

suck 吸，A large mosquito was sucking blood from the back of her hand sue 控告，起诉 ～ sb for slander

summary 总结，概要 This book has a ～ at the end of each chapter superb 极好的，一流的，杰出的 ～ science and engineering superficial 表面的 a ～resemblance

superfluous过多的，剩余的，多余的a ～remark supervise 监督，管理，指导 ～ sb’s every move supplement增补，补充 a ～ to wages suppress压制，镇压 ～human rights supreme最高的，至上的 a ～ ruler

surpass超过，优于，强于，胜过 ～ advanced world surplus过剩，剩余 a teacher ～

survey调查～ population growth in the southern provinces survive 幸存，幸免于Only two people ～d the fire suspect 怀疑 He ～ed a plot against his life

sustain支撑，承受The fountains were not strong enough to ～ the weight of the house swallow 吞，咽 ～ one’s food swarm 蜂群

sway摇摆 a tree ～ing gently in the breeze swear宣誓，发誓 ～ on a Bible to observe secrecy swell 膨胀，鼓起 A tire ～s as it is filled with air swing 摇摆，摇荡 ～ a baby in the cradle sympathy 同情心，慰问 a man of wide sympathies synchronize使同步，使结合，使协调 Their steps ～d T

taboo 禁忌，忌讳Movies producers attempted to break down all the ～s tackle 用具，装备 shaving ～

tailor 裁缝 go to the ～’s

talk 讲话，谈话 Is your baby talking yet? tame 驯化的，驯服的，温顺的 ～animails tan棕黄色，黄褐色 buy some shoes in tan tax 税（款）Half of his wages go in tax tear 撕开，撕裂tear open an envelope tease 戏弄，取笑 The boy is teasing the cat tedious 单调乏味的，冗长的，罗嗦的a ～ debate temper 心情，脾气 be in a good～

tempt 引诱，诱惑 Nothing could ～ me to do such a thing tend 趋向，倾向 Interest rates are ～ing upwards tender 嫩的 a ～ piece of meat

tentative 试验性的，试探性的，暂时的，推测的 a ～plan term 学期 the spring ～

terminate 停止，结束，使终止 ～ a contract

terrify 使害怕，使惊吓 She was terrified out of her wits testify 作证，证明 He agreed to ～ on behalf of the accused man thermal 热的，由热造成的 ～burns

thirst 渴，口渴 The heat creates a ～ in me like I’ve never had before thread 线，线状物 cotton ～

thrill 使非常兴奋，使非常激动 It’s a sight that never fails to ～ me thrive 兴旺发达，繁荣 His business is thriving thrust 推，刺，戳，插，挤He was ～ into power tick（钟声等发出的）滴答声

tidy 整洁的，整齐的a ～ room

tilt 使倾斜，使倾倒 Tilt your head back so that I can look down your throat time 时间，时刻，时候 ～ and space tip 末端，尖端 the tips of the fingers toast 烤面包，吐司 two slices of ～

token 表示，标志，象征He did that as a ～ of good faith torture 拷打，拷问 ～ a confession from a prisoner toss 扔，抛，掷 The children tossed the ball to each other tough 坚韧的，牢固的 Some plastic are as ～ as metal tow 拖，拉，牵引 tow a damaged ship into port tower 塔，塔楼，高楼 a television ～

trace 痕迹，踪迹 The wound healed, leaving almost no ～ of a scar track足迹，踪迹～s in the snow

tragedy 悲剧 Hamlet is one of shakespeare’s best known tragedies trail 痕迹，足迹 a ～ of destruction left by the violence tramp 步行，跋涉 He loves ～ing over the hills

transfer 转移，调动 the company has transferred to an eastern location transform 变形，改观 ～ a hotel into a hospital transient 短暂的，转瞬即逝的 ～ happiness transmit 播送，发射 ～ a match live transparent 透明的 Glass is ～

transplant 移植，移种，移居 ～ a human heart into a patient treasure 财宝，财富 dig for buried ～

trend 倾向，趋势an upward ～ of prices trick 诡计，骗局 He got the money by a ～

trifle 琐事，小事 One should not get angry about such a ～

trim 整齐的，整洁的 ～ lawns trip 旅行，旅游 a ～ round the world

triple 三倍的，三重的，三部分的，三方的Black unemployment rate runs ～ the figure for whites triumph 胜利 a ～ over the enemy

trivial 琐碎的，不重要的，无价值的 ～ matters

tuck 夹入，藏入 He ～ed the letter in a book so he wouldn’t lose it tug（用力）拖或拉He tugged the door but it wouldn’t open

tumble 跌到，滚下The baby is just learning to walk and he’s always tumbling over tune 曲调，曲子 She wrote the words of the song and her brother wrote the ～

turbulent 骚乱的，动荡的，混乱的，狂暴的a ～ crowd

turn 转动，旋转Turn the hands of the clock until they point to 9 O’clock

tutor 家庭教师，指导教师 When the students are making their choices, their ～ may well guide them twinkle 闪烁，闪耀，闪亮 The diamond on her finger ～d in the firelight twist 捻，搓，绞，拧 ～ a rope out of threads U

ultimate 最后的，最终的 The war ended for us in ～ victory

unanimous 全体一致的，一致同意的 They are ～ in asking for a rise in pay uncover 揭开，揭露 ～ a dish of food

underestimate 低估 ～ the difficulties of the task undergo 经历，遭受，忍受 ～ much suffering

underline 在……下划线，强调 Please translate the ～d sentences in the passage underlie 位于……之下 Many facts ～ my decision undermine 在……下挖;暗中破坏 ～ a wall undertake 着手做，从事 ～ an attack

undesirable 不合意的，不受欢迎的 The drug has ～ side effects uneasy 心神不宁的，不安宁的 be ～uneasy about the future unfold 展开，打开 ～ a newspaper

uniform 不变的，相同的，均匀，统一的 a ～ temperature unify 使成一体，统一 become a unified nation update 更新，使现代化 ～a textbook

upgrade 提高，使升级，改善 ～ products and services uphold 举起，高举 He upheld his clenched hand upright 挺直的，垂直的 an ～ seat

uproar 骚乱，骚动The public ～ over unclear-radiation hazards continues to mount upset 弄翻，打翻 I’ve ～ a tin of paint on the carpet

up-to-date 时新的，新式的，现代化的They are ～ on recent developments in the world computer industry urge 推进，鼓励 The president ,～d on by his staff, has decided to attend the talks urgent 紧迫的，紧要的 He left the country on ～ business utilize 利用 ～ solar energy

utter 发出（声音等），说，吐露 ～ the truth V

vacant 未被占用的 a ～ seat in a bus

vague 含糊的，不明确的，模糊的 a ～ answer vain 徒劳的，无效的 ～ efforts valid 有根据的 a ～ excuse

value 价值 I was offered 50 pounds for my old car but its ～ is much higher vanish 突然消失，逐渐消散 With a wave of his hand, the magician made the rabbit veil 面纱，面罩 Jewish women wore ～s in token of reverence and submission ventilate 使通风，使空气流通 ～ a room

venture 冒险，冒险行动，投机行动take a ～ in oil verge 边，边缘，边沿 the ～ of a stream

verify 证明，证实Subsequent events verified my suspicions versatile 多才多艺的 a ～ man

versus 诉讼，竞赛等中以……为对手 The match tonight is China ～ Japan vertical 垂直的，立式的 a ～ engine

veto 否决，否决权，否决权的行使 The rest of the committee could not accept the ～

vibrate 使震动，使摆动 His heavy footsteps upstairs made the old house ～

vicious 邪恶的，恶毒的，凶残的 lead a ～ life vigor 体力，精力，活力 in the ～ of manhood violate 违反，违背 ～ the traffic regulations

virtual 实际上的，事实上的 the ～ manager of the business

virtue 美德，德行 Among her many ～s are loyalty ,courage, and truthfulness visible 看得见的，可见的 a ship barely ～ on the horizon vision 视力，视觉 ～ care

vital 有生命力的 The heart is a ～ organ vivid 鲜艳的 the ～ green of leaves in spring void 空的 a ～ space

volunteer 志愿者，自愿参加者 Are there any ～s for a swim? vote 投票，表决 bring sth to a vote W

wage 工资，报酬 What is your weekly ～?

wake 醒来，醒着，唤醒 He spends all his waking hours working waken 醒来，睡醒He wakened when the alarm sounded wander 漫步，徘徊 He ～ed home ward 病房 a 4-bed ～

warrant 授权，批准，正当理由，根据 He had no ～ for his action waterproof 不透水的，防水的 ～ material way 方法，方式 Do it your own way wear 穿，戴 ～ diamonds weary 疲倦的，疲劳的 a ～ look weave 织，编，编制 ～ cloth

wedge 楔子，三角木 Please put a ～ in the door so that it will stay open weed 杂草，野草My garden is running to ～s weep 哭泣，流泪 ～ for one’s failure weigh 称……重量，称～ oneself on the scales weld 焊接，煅接 It takes speed to ～ steel at this heat whirl 旋转，急转 The couples ～ed round the dance floor whisper 低语，耳语，轻声说 ～ to sb whistle 吹口哨，鸣笛 The train ～d whitewash 粉饰

wholesome 有益于健康的 ～ surroundings

wicked 坏的，邪恶的，淘气的，恶作剧的 ～ habits wind 绕，缠The snake wound around a branch wire 金属丝，金属线steel ～

withdraw 抽回，收回，提取 She withdrew her eyes from the terrible sight withhold 使停止，阻挡 be obliged to ～ one’s pen withstand 经受，承受 ～hardships

witness 目击者，见证人a ～ of the accident

wonder 奇迹 the Seven Wonders of the World in ancient times worship 崇拜，崇敬 the ～ of the dollar worth 值……钱a house ～ 50,000 pounds wrap 包，裹 ～ oneself in a blanket wreck 失事，遇难 a train ～

wrench 扳手 He is a ～.wrinkle 皱，皱纹 He will wore the ～s of anxiety on his forehead.write 写，写字，写信，写作 She ～s to me every other week.Xerox 静电复印（法），静电复印件，静电复印机 Make me a ～ of this report.Y

yield 生产，产生，带来 This orchard ～s apples and pears.Z

zeal 热心，热忱，热情 a man of ～

zigzag之字形的，弯曲的 a ～ road zone 地带，分布带 a dangerous ～

三．大纲新增词汇450

自从2005年考研大纲进行一次大规模修改（取消了听力，增加了阅读新题型和小作文），同时增加了445个核心词汇。而这445个核心词汇在以后的06、07、08年考研英语真题中高频出现，成为了考研词汇的新考点，新亮点。

复习建议：花一天时间把这445个词汇过一遍，把不熟悉的单词找出来，重点突破。

A

abdomen n.腹, 腹部

abound vi.多, 大量存在, 富于, 充满

acclaim n.喝彩, 欢呼 v.欢呼, 称赞

accord n.一致, 符合, 调和, 协定 vt.一致, 给与 vi.符合accountant n.会计(员), 会计师

addict vt.使沉溺, 使上瘾 n.入迷的人, 有瘾的人

adore v.崇拜, 爱慕,(口语)喜爱

advent n.(尤指不寻常的人或事)出现, 到来

adverse adj.不利的, 敌对的, 相反的affluent adj.丰富的, 富裕的

air-conditioning n.空调，空调系统空调机

airport n.<主美>小型民用机场, 私人飞机降落场 aisle n.走廊, 过道

album n.集邮本, 照相簿, 签名纪念册

amiable adj.亲切的, 和蔼可亲的amid prep.在...中

anecdote n.轶事, 奇闻

anguish n.痛苦, 苦恼 vt.使极苦闷, 使极痛苦 vi.感到痛苦

antique n.古物, 古董 adj.古时的, 过时的appal v.惊骇

approximate adj.近似的, 大约的 v.近似, 接近, 接近, 约计

arrogant adj.傲慢的, 自大的artery n.动脉, 要道

aspire vi.热望, 立志

assassinate vt.暗杀, 行刺

asset n.资产, 有用的东西

auction n.拍卖 vt.拍卖

audio adj.音频的, 声频的, 声音的

audit n.审计, 稽核, 查帐 vt.稽核, 旁听 vi.查账

auditorium n.听众席, 观众席, <美>会堂, 礼堂

authentic adj.可信的autonomy n.自治

awe n.敬畏 vt.敬畏

B

bait n.饵, 诱惑物 vt.以饵引诱(动物), 把饵装上, 欺负, 折磨 vi.中途休息

balcony n.阳台, 包厢,(戏院)楼厅

barren adj.不生育的, 不孕的, 贫瘠的, 没有结果的, 无益的, 单调的, 无聊的, 空洞的 n.荒地

beginning n.开始

belly n.腹部, 胃 vi.涨满

benign adj.(病)良性的,(气候)良好的, 仁慈的, 和蔼的bibliography n.(有关一个题目或一个人的)书目, 参考书目

bin n.箱柜 二进制文件的扩展名

bizarre adj.奇异的(指态度,容貌,款式等)blackmail n.勒索, 勒索所得之款 vt.勒索

blouse n.宽松的上衣, 似衬衫的上衣

blueprint n.蓝图, 设计图, 计划 vt.制成蓝图, 计划

blur v.涂污, 污损(名誉等), 把(界线,视线等)弄得模糊不清, 弄污 n.污点

boost v.推进

bowel n.肠 adj.内部, 同情心

breach n.违背, 破坏, 破裂, 裂口 vt.打破, 突破

briefcase n.(扁平的, 柔韧的, 装文件, 书报的)公文包

browse v.n.浏览, 吃草, 放牧

bruise n.瘀伤, 擦伤 v.打伤, 撞伤

bully n.欺凌弱小者 vt.威吓, 威逼

bureaucracy n.官僚, 官僚作风, 官僚机构 burglar n.夜贼

C

cab一种压缩文件格式 n.出租马车, 出租汽车, 计程车,(机车, 卡车, 起重机的)司机室, 驾驶室 vi.乘出租马车

calcium n.钙(元素符号Ca)calorie n.卡路里

cape n.海角, 岬

carbohydrate n.碳水化合物, 醣类

cardinal n.枢机主教, 红衣主教 adj.主要的, 最重要的caress n.爱抚, 接吻 vt.抚爱

catastrophe n.大灾难, 大祸

cater vi.备办食物, 满足(需要), 投合celebrity n.名声, 名人

cemetery n.墓地, 公墓

champagne n.香槟酒, 香槟色

chancellor n.长官, 大臣

chap n.<俗>伙伴, 家伙, 小伙子, 颚, 颊 v.(使)皲裂

Christ n.救世主(特指耶稣基督)

clergy n.(集合称)圣职者, 牧师, 僧侣, 神职人员

click v.发出滴答声 n.滴答声

closet n.壁橱, 储藏室, 厕所 adj.关起门来的 vt.关入私室密谈

coalition n.合并, 接合, 联合cocaine n.古柯碱,可卡因

cohesive adj.粘着的composure n.镇静, 沉着

concede vt.勉强, 承认, 退让 vi.让步

consecutive adj.连续的, 联贯的console vt.安慰, 藉慰 n.控制台

conspiracy n.共谋, 阴谋

constrain vt.强迫, 抑制, 拘束

construction n.建筑, 建筑物, 解释, 造句

contaminate v.污染

contemplate v.凝视, 沉思, 预期, 企图

contradiction n.反驳, 矛盾

controversy n.论争, 辩论, 论战

cop n.警官, 巡警, 管纱 vt.抓住

copyright n.版权, 著作权

correlate vt.使相互关联 vi.和...相关

costume n.装束, 服装

cosy adj.舒适的, 安逸的coupon n.息票, 商家的优待券

courtyard n.庭院, 院子

credential n.外交使节所递的国书, 信任壮

curb n.路边 cyberspace n.电脑空间

D

damn v.database n.数据库, 资料库

daytime n.白天, 日间

dean n.(大学)院长, 主持牧师,(基督教)教长

deduct vt.扣除, 演绎

delegate n.代表 vt.委派...为代表

delete vt.删除

denounce vt.公开指责, 公然抨击, 谴责

dental adj.牙齿的dentist n.牙科医生

dilute v.冲淡, 变淡, 变弱, 稀释 adj.淡的, 弱的, 稀释的discourse n.演讲, 论述, 论文, 讲道, 谈话, 谈论 vi.谈论, 演说

discreet adj.小心的, 慎重的, 有思虑的, 贤明的discrepancy n.相差, 差异, 矛盾

disposition n.部署

disrupt v.使中断, 使分裂, 使瓦解, 使陷于混乱, 破坏

dissipate v.驱散,(使)(云、雾、疑虑等)消散, 浪费(金钱或时间)distill vt.蒸馏, 提取 vi.滴下

divert v.转移, 转向, 使高兴

dividend n.被除数, 股息, 红利, 额外津贴, 奖金, 年息

divine adj.神的, 神圣的, 非凡的, 超人的, 非常可爱的 n.牧师

dwarf n.矮子, 侏儒 v.(使)变矮小

E

ebb n.退, 弱, 退潮, 衰落 vi.潮退, 衰退

eccentric adj.古怪 n.行为古怪的人

edible adj.可食用的ego n.自我, 利已主义, 自负

elapse vi.(时间)过去, 消逝 v.流逝

elderly adj.过了中年的, 稍老的eligible adj.符合条件的, 合格的

eminent adj.显赫的, 杰出的, 有名的, 优良的endow v.捐赠, 赋予

entail vt.使必需, 使蒙受, 使承担, 遗传给 n.限定继承权

entity n.实体

envisage v.正视

escalate vi.逐步升高, 逐步增强 vt.使逐步上升

escort n.护卫(队), 护送, 陪同(人员), 护卫队 v.护卫, 护送, 陪同

esteem vt.把...看作, 尊敬, 尊重, 认为 n.尊敬, 尊重

ethnic adj.人种的, 种族的, 异教徒的evade v.规避, 逃避, 躲避

excel v.优秀, 胜过他人

excerpt n.vt.摘录, 引用 exile n.放逐, 充军, 流放, 流犯, 被放逐者 vt.放逐, 流放, 使背井离乡

exotic adj.异国情调的, 外来的, 奇异的

exquisite adj.优美的, 高雅的, 精致的, 剧烈的, 异常的, 细腻的, 敏锐的F

fabulous adj.寓言中的, 寓言般的, 神话般的, 传统上的, 惊人的, 难以置信的fairy n.仙女, 精灵, <美俚>漂亮姑娘 adj.仙女的

fake n.假货, 欺骗 adj.假的 vt.伪造, 赝造, 捏造, 假造, 仿造 vi.伪装

fantasy n.幻想, 白日梦

feat n.技艺, 功绩, 武艺, 壮举, 技艺表演 adj.漂亮的, 合适的federation n.同盟, 联邦, 联合, 联盟

fisherman n.渔民, 渔夫

fore adj.在前部的, 以前的ad v.在前面, 在船头 n.前部, 船头prep.在前

format n.开本, 版式, 形式, 格式 vt.安排...的格局(或规格), 格式化(磁盘)

foul adj.污秽的, 邪恶的, 肮脏的, 淤塞的, 恶劣的 vt.弄脏, 妨害, 污蔑, 犯规, 淤塞 vi.腐烂, 犯规, 缠结 n.犯规, 缠绕ad v.违反规则地, 不正当地

fraud n.欺骗, 欺诈行为, 诡计, 骗子, 假货

fridge n.电冰箱

fume n.(浓烈或难闻的)烟, 气体, 一阵愤怒(或不安)v.用烟熏, 冒烟, 发怒

futile adj.琐细的, 无用的, 无效果的,(人)没有出息的G

garlic n.大蒜,(Akkuyn sadtium), 蒜头

gender n.性, <口>性别, 性, 性交

genetic adj.遗传的, 起源的giggle v.哈哈地笑 n.傻笑

goods n.货物, <美俚>工具

gorgeous adj.华丽的, 灿烂的gown n.长袍, 法衣, 礼服, 睡袍

graphic adj.绘画似的, 图解的grope v.n.摸索

guideline n.方针

guitar n.吉他, 六弦琴 vi.弹吉他

gut n.内脏,(幽门到直肠间的)肠子, 勇气, 剧情, 内容, 肚子, 内脏, 海峡 vt.取出内脏, 摧毁(房屋等的)内部装置

guy n.家伙, 人

H

habitat n.(动植物的)生活环境, 产地、栖息地, 居留地, 自生地, 聚集处

harassment n.折磨

harsh adj.粗糙的, 荒芜的, 苛刻的, 刺耳的, 刺目的heave v.举起 n.举起

herb n.药草, 香草

hierarchy n.层次层级

hike v.远足, 飞起, 步行 n.远足, 增加

hip n.臀, 蔷薇果, 忧郁 adj.熟悉内情的 vt.使忧郁, 给（屋顶）造屋脊int.喝彩声

hop v.单脚跳,(鸟, 蛙等)跳跃 n.蛇麻草 hound n.猎犬 vt.带猎犬狩猎, 卑鄙的人, 追捕, 激励, 使追逐

housing n.供给住宅, 住宅群, 机架, 住房供给

howl v.嚎叫, 怒吼, 嚎啕大哭, 喝住, 号叫 n.嚎叫, 怒号, 嚎哭

hum v.嗡嗡叫, 哼 n.嗡嗡声, 吵杂声

humiliate v.羞辱, 使丢脸, 耻辱

hurl n.<俚>用力或猛烈的投掷 vt.用力投掷, 愤慨地说出, 丢下, 推翻 vi.猛投, 猛掷

hurricane n.飓风, 狂风

I

idiot n.白痴, 愚人, 傻瓜

ignorance n.无知, 不知

illusion n.幻想

impart vt.给予(尤指抽象事物), 传授, 告知, 透露

incentive n.动机 adj.激励的indulge v.纵容

inference n.推论

infrastructure n.下部构造, 基础下部组织

inhale vt.吸入 vi.吸气

inhibit抑制, 约束, 抑制

installment n.部分

instrumental adj.仪器的, 器械的, 乐器的intelligible adj.可理解的interface n.分界面, 接触面, 界面

INTERNET=Interactive Network Analysis 交互式网络分析

intimidate v.胁迫

intrigue n.阴谋, 诡计 vi.密谋, 私通 vt.激起...的兴趣, 用诡计取得

intrinsic adj.(指价值、性质)固有的, 内在的, 本质的intrude vi.闯入, 侵入 vt.强挤入, 把(自己的思想)强加于人

invariable n.不变的, 永恒的 adj.不变的, 不变量

inventory n.详细目录, 存货, 财产清册, 总量

inverse adj.倒转的, 反转的 n.反面 v.倒转

irony n.反话, 讽刺, 讽刺之事

irrigate vt.灌溉, 修水利, 冲洗伤口, 使潮湿 vi.进行灌溉

isle n.小岛, 岛 vt.使成为岛屿 vi.住在岛屿上

J

judicial adj.司法的, 法院的, 公正的, 明断的junk n.垃圾, 舢板

K

kin n.家属(集合称), 亲戚, 同族, 血缘关系, 家族 adj.有亲属关系的, 性质类似的, 同类的kit n.成套工具, 用具包, 工具箱, 成套用具

L

lapse n.失误, 下降, 流逝, 丧失, 过失 v.失检, 背离, 堕入, 流逝, 失效, 下降

laptop膝上型电脑

layoff n.临时解雇, 操作停止, 活动停止期间, 失业期 lease n.租借, 租约, 租赁物, 租期, 延续的一段时间 vt.出租, 租出, 租得

legacy n.遗赠(物), 遗产(祖先传下来)legislation n.立法, 法律的制定(或通过)legitimate adj.合法的, 合理的, 正统的 v.合法

levy n.征收, 征税, 征兵 v.征收, 征集, 征用

linear adj.线的, 直线的, 线性的linguistic adj.语言上的, 语言学上的literacy n.有文化，有教养，有读写能力

lofty adj.高高的, 崇高的, 高傲的, 高级的loom n.织布机, 织机 v.隐现, 迫近

lottery n.抽彩给奖法

lure v.引诱

M

magistrate n.文职官员, 地方官员

maiden n.少女, 处女 adj.未婚的, 纯洁的, 处女的, 无经验的majesty n.最高权威, 王权, 雄伟

malignant adj.恶性的mammal n.哺乳动物

manoeuvre n.策略, 调动 v.用策略, 调动, 演习,(敏捷地)操纵

marital adj.婚姻的

masculine adj.男性的, 男子气概的, 阳性的 n.男子, 男孩

massacre n.残杀, 大屠杀 v.残杀, 集体屠杀

medieval adj.中世纪的, 仿中世纪的, 老式的, <贬>原始的meditate v.想, 考虑,(尤指宗教上的)沉思, 冥想

meditation n.沉思, 冥想

melody n.悦耳的音调

memo n.备忘录

menace n.威胁, 危险物 v.恐吓, 危及, 威胁

merely adv.仅仅, 只, 不过

merge v.合并, 并入, 结合, 吞没, 融合metaphor n.隐喻, 暗喻, 比喻说话

metropolitan adj.首都的, 主要都市的, n.大城市人

militant adj.好战的, 积极从事或支持使用武力的millionaire n.百万富翁, 大富豪

missionary adj.传教的, 传教士的 n.传教士

mob n.(集合词)暴徒, 乌合之众,(盗贼等的)一群 v.成群暴动, 聚众滋扰

module n.模数, 模块, 登月舱, 指令舱

momentum n.动力, 要素

monarch n.君主

motivate v.激发

mould n.肥土, 壤土, 霉, 模具 v.用土覆盖, 发霉, 铸造

mug n.杯子

mute n.哑巴, 哑音字母, 拒不答辩的被告, 弱音器 adj.哑的, 无声的, 沉默的 vt.减弱...的声音 vi.排泄 N

napkin n.餐巾, 餐巾纸, <英>尿布, <美>月经带

narrative adj.叙述性的 n.叙述

necklace n.项链

nightmare n.梦魇, 恶梦, 可怕的事物

nineteen num.十九

norm n.标准, 规范

numerical adj.数字的, 用数表示的

nurture n.养育, 教育, 教养, 营养品 vt.养育, 给与营养物, 教养

O

obsession n.迷住, 困扰

obstruct v.阻隔, 阻塞, 遮断(道路、通道等)n.阻碍物, 障碍物

opt vi.选择

optimum n.最适宜 adj.最适宜的option n.选项, 选择权, 买卖的特权

orientation n.方向, 方位, 定位, 倾向性, 向东方

outing n.外出, 旅行, 散步

outrage n.暴行, 侮辱, 愤怒 vt.凌辱, 引起...义愤, 强奸

oval adj.卵形的, 椭圆的 n.卵形, 椭圆形

overturn n.倾覆, 破灭, 革命 vt.推翻, 颠倒 vi.翻倒 n.翻转, 毁灭

oxide n.氧化物

ozone n.新鲜的空气, 臭氧

P

pact n.合同, 公约, 协定

panorama n.全景全景画,全景摄影

pants n.裤子, 短裤

paperback n.平装本, 纸面本

passerby n.过路人, 行人

pathetic adj.可怜的, 悲惨的patrol v.出巡, 巡逻 n.巡逻

patron n.(对某人, 某种目标, 艺术等)赞助人, 资助人

peer n.同等的人, 贵族 vi.凝视, 窥视 vt.与...同等, 封为贵族

permeate vt.弥漫, 渗透, 透过, 充满 vi.透入

persevere v.坚持

pharmacy n.药房, 药剂学, 配药业, 制药业, 一批备用药品

physiology n.生理学

pilgrim n.圣地朝拜者, 朝圣

plea n.恳求, 请求, 辩解, 藉口

plight n.情况, 状态, 困境, 盟誓(婚姻)vt.保证, 约定

plumber n.水管工人

poke n.刺, 戳, 懒汉, 袋子 vt.戳, 捅, 拨开, 刺 vi.戳, 刺, 捅, 伸出, 刺探, 闲荡

polar adj.两极的, 极地的, 南辕北辙的, 南极的,(北极星似的)指引的, 极性的, 北极的 n.极线, 极面

ponder v.沉思, 考虑 portray v.描绘

poster n.海报, 招贴,(布告, 标语, 海报等的)张贴者

posture n.(身体的)姿势, 体态, 状态, 情况, 心境, 态度 v.令取某种姿势, 摆姿势, 作出姿态

practitioner n.从业者, 开业者

precedent n.先例

preclude n.排除

predecessor n.前辈, 前任,(被取代的)原有事物

pregnant adj.怀孕的, 重要的, 富有意义的, 孕育的

premise n.前提,(企业, 机构等使用的)房屋连地基 vt.提论, 预述, 假定 vi.作出前提

premium n.额外费用, 奖金, 奖赏, 保险费,(货币兑现的)贴水

prestige n.声望, 威望, 威信

prone adj.倾向于

propaganda n.宣传, 传道总会

propel vt.推进, 驱使

prophet n.先知, 预言者, 提倡者

prose n.散文

prosecute vt.实行, 从事, 告发, 起诉 vi.告发, 起诉, 作检察官

prosper v.成功, 兴隆, 昌盛,(指上帝)使成功, 使昌隆, 繁荣

prosperity n.繁荣

prototype n.原型

prudent adj.谨慎的 Q

quest n.寻求

questionnaire n.调查表, 问卷

quota n.配额, 限额

R

radiant adj.发光的, 辐射的, 容光焕发的

rap n.叩击, 轻拍, 轻敲, 斥责 vt.敲, 拍, 打, 厉声说出, 斥责, 使着迷 vi.敲击, 交谈abbr.Rocket Assisted Projectile, 火箭助推炮弹

rape n.掠夺, 强奸, 葡萄渣, 油菜 vt.掠夺, 强奸

rash adj.轻率的, 匆忙的, 卤莽的 n.皮疹

reassure vt.使...安心, 再保证, 使...恢复信心, 打消...的疑虑

recede v.后退

recipient adj.容易接受的, 感受性强的 n.容纳者, 容器

reckless adj.不计后果的rectangle n.长方形, 矩形

recur vi.复发, 重现, 再来

recycle v.使再循环, 反复应用 n.再循环, 再生, 重复利用

redundant adj.多余的

refrain n.重复, 叠句, 副歌 vi.节制, 避免, 制止

refugee n.难民, 流亡者

refund v.退还, 偿还 n.归还, 偿还额, 退款

relish n.意味 remnant n.残余, 剩余, 零料, 残迹 adj.剩余的, 残留的renaissance n.复兴, 复活, 新生, 文艺复兴, 文艺复兴时期

repertoire n.(准备好演出的)节目, 保留剧目,(计算机的)指令表, 指令系统, <美>(某个人的)全部技能

repression n.镇压, 抑制, 抑压

restore vt.恢复, 使回复, 归还, 交还, 修复, 重建

retention保持力

retort v.反驳, 反击, 回报 n.曲颈甑, 曲颈瓶, 蒸器

retrieve v.重新得到 n.找回

retrospect n.回顾

revelation n.显示, 揭露, 被揭露的事, 新发现, 启示, 揭示

rigorous adj.严格的, 严厉的, 严酷的, 严峻的

riot n.**, 骚动,(植物, 疾病等)蔓延, 放荡, 暴动 v.骚乱, 放纵, 挥霍, 参加骚动

rip v.撕, 剥, 劈, 锯, 裂开, 撕裂 n.裂口, 裂缝

ritual n.典礼,(宗教)仪式, 礼节 adj.典礼的,(宗教)仪式的robust adj.精力充沛的S

salvation n.拯救, 救助

sanction n.批准, 同意, 支持, 制裁, 认可 v.批准, 同意, 支持, 鼓励, 认可

sane adj.健全的sarcastic adj.讽刺的

saturate v.使饱和, 浸透, 使充满

scandal n.丑行,丑闻,诽谤,耻辱,流言蜚语

scramble n.爬行, 攀缘, 抢夺, 混乱 vi.攀缘, 杂乱蔓延, 争夺, 拼凑, 匆忙 vt.攀登, 搅乱, 使混杂

script n.手稿, 手迹, 剧本, 考生的笔试卷, 原本

scrutiny n.详细审查

sculpture n.雕刻, 雕刻品, 雕塑, 雕塑品, 刻蚀 v.雕刻, 雕塑, 刻蚀

sector n.部分, 部门, 扇区, 地区, 象限, 扇形 v.使分成部分, 把...分成扇形

seemingly adv.表面上地

segregate v.隔离

selfish adj.自私的serial adj.连续的

setback n.顿挫, 挫折, 退步, 逆流,(疾病的)复发

shabby adj.破旧的, 褴褛的, 低劣的, 卑鄙的, 不公平的sham v.佯装 n.伪品 adj.虚假的

shatter n.粉碎, 碎片, 落花(叶,粒等)vt.打碎, 使散开, 粉碎, 破坏 vi.粉碎, 损坏, 落叶

shorthand n.速记

shove n.<口>推, 挤 vt.<口>推挤, 猛推, 强使 vi.推

shrug n.耸肩 v.耸肩

shuttle n.往返汽车(列车、飞机), 航天飞机, 梭子, 穿梭 v.穿梭往返

siege n.包围, 围城, 长期努力, 不断袭击, 围攻 v.包围, 围攻

sip v.吸吮

skeptical adj.怀疑性的,好怀疑的,<口>无神论的skim v.撇去 skull n.头脑, 头骨

slam v.砰地关上, 砰地放下, 猛力抨击, 冲击 n.砰, 猛击, 撞击, 冲击

slaughter n.屠宰, 残杀, 屠杀 v.屠宰, 残杀, 屠杀

slogan n.口? 标语Lslot n.缝, 狭槽, 位置, 水沟, 细长的孔, 硬币投币口, 狭通道, 足迹 vt.开槽于, 跟踪

slot n.缝, 狭槽, 位置, 水沟, 细长的孔, 硬币投币口, 狭通道, 足迹 vt.开槽于, 跟踪

sneeze n.喷嚏 vi.打喷嚏

sniff v.用力吸, 嗅, 闻到, 发觉, 轻视, 用力吸气 n.吸, 闻, 吸气声, 嗤之以鼻

soar v.高飞, 高丛, 滑翔, 剧增, 昂扬 n.高飞范围, 高涨程度

sociable adj.好交际的, 友善的, 增进友谊的, 喜欢群居的sofa n.沙发

solidarity n.团结

solitary adj.孤独的solo n.独奏曲 adj.单独的

sovereign n.君主, 统治 adj.至高无上的, 君主的, 独立自主的, 完全的spacious adj.广大的, 大规模的specialist n.专门医师, 专家

spectrum n.光, 光谱, 型谱频谱

spicy adj.加香料的, 出产香料的, 辛辣的, 有风味的spine n.脊骨, 书脊, 地面隆起地带, 中心, 剌

spiral adj.螺旋形的 n.螺旋 v.盘旋

sponsor n.发起人, 主办者, 保证人, 主办人 vt.发起, 主办 v.赞助

spouse n.配偶(指夫或妻)sprout v.萌芽 n.苗芽

stagger v.摇晃, 蹒跚, 交错, 摇摇摆摆 adj.交错的stalk n.茎, 柄, 梗, 秆

staple n.钉书钉, 钉, 主要产品(或商品), 原材料, 主要成分, 来源 adj.主要的, 常用的, 大宗生产的 v.把...分类, 把...分级

statute n.法令, 条例

steak n.(供煎, 烤等的)肉, 鱼, 肉片, 鱼片, 肉排, 牛排

stereotype n.铅版, 陈腔滥调, 老套 vt.使用铅版, 套用老套, 使一成不变

stiff adj.硬的, 僵直的, 拘谨的, 呆板的, 艰难的, 费劲的, 僵硬的strenuous adj.奋发的, 使劲的, 紧张的, 热烈的, 艰辛发奋的strife n.斗争, 冲突, 竞争

stroll n.漫步, 闲逛, 四处流浪 v.闲逛, 漫步, 跋涉于

stun vt.使晕倒, 使惊吓, 打晕 n.晕眩, 打昏, 惊倒

subsidy n.补助金, 津贴

suffice vi.足够, 有能力 vt.使满足

suite n.(一批)随员,(一套)家具, 套房, 套, 组, 组曲

summit n.顶点, 最高阶层 adj.政府首脑的 vi.参加最高级会议的superstition n.迷信

surge n.巨涌, 汹涌, 澎湃 vi.汹涌, 澎湃, 振荡, 滑脱, 放松 vt.使汹涌奔腾, 急放

susceptible adj.易受影响的, 易感动的, 容许...的 n.(因缺乏免疫力而)易得病的人

T tangle n.混乱状态 v.处于混乱状态

temperament n.气质, 性情, 易激动, 急躁

texture n.(织品的)质地,(木材, 岩石等的)纹理,(皮肤)肌理,(文艺作品)结构

thigh n.大腿, 股

thrift n.节俭, 节约, 海石竹

toll n.通行税(费), 费, 代价, 钟声 vt.征收, 敲钟, 鸣(钟)(特指宣布死亡), 勾引, 引诱 vi.征税, 鸣钟

torment n.痛苦 v.折磨

torture n.折磨, 痛苦, 拷问, 拷打 vt.拷问, 曲解, 折磨, 使弯曲

toxic adj.有毒的, 中毒的transcend vt.超越, 胜过

trash n.无价值之物, 无聊的作品, 垃圾, 废物

tribe n.部落, 部族

trigger vt.引发, 引起, 触发 n.板机

tropic n.(天球的)回归线, 热带 adj.热带的tumour n.瘤, 肿瘤, 肿块

U

underlie vt.位于...之下, 成为...的基础

V

vein n.血管, 静脉, 叶脉, 翅脉, 矿脉, 纹理, 性情, 心绪 vt.使成脉络, 象脉络般分布于

visa n.签证 vt.签准维萨信用卡

vocal adj.发嗓音的, 声音的, 有声的, 歌唱的 n.元音, 声乐作品

vulgar adj.粗俗的, 庸俗的, 普通的, 通俗的, 本土的 n.<古>平民, 百姓

vulnerable adj.易受攻击的, 易受...的攻击

W

wardrobe n.衣柜, 衣厨, 衣室, 衣服, 行头, 剧装

weld vt.焊接 n.焊接, 焊缝

whale n.鲸 v.捕鲸

whatsoever pron.无论什么

wink n.眨眼, 使眼色, 瞬间,(星光等的)闪烁 vi.眨眼, 使眼色, 闪烁, 打信号, 假装不见, 终止, 熄灭 vt.眨(眼)witch n.巫婆, 女巫, 迷人的女子 vt.施巫术, 迷惑

Y

youngster n.年青人, 少年

Z

zip一种程序压缩的档案文件格式 n.拉链 v.拉开或拉上

zoom n.急速上升, 陡直上升, 图象电子放大, 缩放, 嗡嗡声 vi.突然扩大, 急速上升, 摄象机移动 vt.使摄象机移动

四．大纲外词汇

根据教育部的说法，考研是具有选拔功能的水平性考试。由于要选拔优秀人才，自然可以考到大纲以外的生词。但是考生也不用担心，根据大纲规定，超纲词汇在历年真题中不超过3%，而且绝大部分是相对超刚词汇。

复习建??缀是考研大纲要求的，而组合方式是新的，则称为相对超刚词汇。只需要牢固掌握了词根词缀构词法，这些单词的意思也就可以自己猜出来了。例如：

大纲词汇：proportion n.比例；privilege n.特权

disproportionately [2次] = dis(not)+ proportion + ate(动词,形容词)+ ly(副词)adv.不成比例地

underprivileged [2次] = under(下面，欠缺)+ privilege + ed(过去分词)a.无特权的，下层社会的

推荐词根词缀工具书：《英语词汇的奥秘》 作者：蒋争 中国广播出版社

推荐考研词汇书：《考研英语词汇50天突破》作者：宋新、许杨 群言出版社

为什么背完了大纲词汇还是拿不到高分？ 因为你不懂考研的隐形大纲。

第二个月内容：什么是考研隐性大纲？

在考研中存在一个悖论，即使很多考生把前面的大纲词汇5500和超刚词汇都背下来了，在考研中分数还是不理想。师哥师姐的教训告诉我们，很多在四六级考试中取得高分（80分以上）的考生，在考研中却60分不到。这是为什么呢？

因为考研还有四个隐性大纲，就像―隐形的翅膀（自从北大校长唱了这首歌，我就爱上了这首歌）左右着考研词汇的难度，构成了考研词汇隐形的绊脚石(invisible stumbling block)。

一.神奇的hyphen ―-‖

问：08年考研大纲中没说要考，但每年都在考，1986—2007年共出现了约600个词，平均每年约有27个，是什么词？

答：由hyphen―-‖连接的合成词，其中绝大部分都是复合形容词，还有一小部分为复合名词。

问：除了认识hyphen连接的复合词，还有别的作用吗？

答：除了认识以外，如果掌握了构词方法，可以极大的丰富你的写作词语素材。例如：我希望坐上―比光速还快的‖飞船。护理行业是―女人统治的‖行业。我需要一些―缓解疼痛的‖药物。

请问―‖中的表达方式，您都会吗？也许你以前需要一个定于从句，但是现在只需要一个hyphen，一切都可以轻松解决。

faster-than-light spacecraft 比光速还快的飞船

women-dominated industry 女人统治的行业

pain-alleviating medicine 缓解疼痛的药物

笔者总结了约200个考研常考的hyphen(-)连接的合成词。

二.一词多意

考研英语对词汇深度的考查尤其体现在一词多意，一词多性。例如light这个基础词汇，很多同学只知道light n.光；而这个单词在考研中出现了19次，考查的意思多达5种。

light/lighting/lighter(19次)

【熟义熟性】n.光，发光体，灯 Light-year 光年

【僻义僻性】lighting n.照明，照明设备，舞台灯光

【真题例句】At the same time the great municipalities went into business to supply lighting, trams and other services to the taxpayers.[1996年Text3]

【经典译文】与此同时，大城市的市政府也开始涉足实业界，为纳税人提供照明、电车及其它服务。

【僻义僻性】a.轻的

【僻义僻性】Fifty years ago, the chance of a baby(particularly a boy baby)surviving depended on its weight.A kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certain death.[2000年阅读Text2]

【经典译文】50年前，婴儿（尤其是男婴）存活的几率取决于体重，轻一公斤或重一公斤几乎意味着必死无疑。

【僻义僻性】v.点燃

【真题例句】Light up the stove and you could burn down the house.[1999年阅读Text1]【经典译文】把炉子点燃后，你有可能把整座房子烧毁。

【常考短语】in the light of 按照, 根据, 当作 [近] according to

【真题例句】He explores such problem consciously, articulately, and frankly, first by asking factual questions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which he has obtained.[2006年翻译]

【经典译文】他自觉地、清晰地、坦率地、探索这样的问题：首先问事实问题，然后问到的问题，最后根据他掌握的事实和道德信息给出恰当的行为建议。

【常考短语】shed light on= cast light on [本意] 把灯光投射在…之上;[转义] 详细说明

【真题例句】A researcher has now __48__ the mystery of why the animals die.[1995年完形填空] [A] paid attention to [B] caught sight of [C] laid emphasis on [D] cast light on 【经典译文】一名研究者现在已经揭开了动物死亡之谜。

【复合词语】light-hearted 1)轻松愉快的;2)随便的，掉以轻心的

【真题例句】Often it’s the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark.[2002年阅读Text1]

【经典译文】常常是你说话的方式使人发笑，因此说慢一些，并且记住扬扬眉毛或者露出一副不相信的表情都有助于显示你在做轻松的评论。

lighter有三个意思：1)更轻，2）更亮；3）打火机

address在历年真题中出现了10次，这是一个初中生都认识的词汇，但是在历年考研的历年真题中考到了多个生僻的意思。

【熟义熟性】n.地址，通讯处

【僻义僻性之一】 v.致函，写姓名地址；

【真题例句】Prior to his departure, he addressed a letter to his daughter.[1986词汇第3题] 【经典译文】在离开之前，他给他女儿写了一封信。

【僻义僻性之二】v.向……讲话，致词

【真题例句】Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different.[2002年阅读Text1] 【经典译文】针对不同的听众，要谈的问题也应该不同

【僻义僻性之三】vt.处理，解决问题

【真题例句】 Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are comprehensive programs that address the many needs of the homeless.[2006年完形] 【经典译文】《波士顿环球日报》记者克里斯“雷迪认为只有通过全面规划来解决这些无家可归者的各种需求，这种局面才有可能得到改善。

考研中常考的一词多意约有100多个，笔者已经总结成精美的打印背诵版在考研词汇班上发放。部分―一词多意‖：

术语说明：

n.=noun名词

a.=adj.形容词

v.=verb.动词

adv.=adverbial副词

熟义：熟悉的意思

熟性：熟悉的词性

僻义：生僻的意思

僻性：生僻的词性

Process(54次)

【熟义熟性】n.过程，进程

【真题例句】 The costs of globalization process is enormous.[2001阅读Text4,65题C选项] 【经典译文】全球化进程的代价是巨大的。【僻义熟性】n.程序，方法

【真题例句】 Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government’s Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time-consuming, and will work in truly extreme cases.（2003阅读Text3）

【经典译文】托运人如果觉得被索要高价，他们就可以向联邦政府的路面运输委员会申诉，以获得价格减免。但这个程序费钱、费时，而且只有在极端情况下才可行。

【僻义僻性】vt.加工，处理

【真题例句】Playing video games encourages immediate content.And hours of watching TV shows with canned laughter only teaches kids to process information in a passive way.[2007年阅读新题型]

【经典译文】玩计算机游戏可以获得立即的满足。连续看几个小时的喜剧电视节目只能教会孩子消极的处理信息。

【辨析】process, procedure, proceedings.三个词构词方法相同pro向前+cess/ced/ceed(走)，所以意思也相近。

process使用最广，包括一切自然的工程和人工的程序。

procedure指人为的办事程序(强调步骤性)。

例：admission procedure入学手续； procedure of teaching教学步骤

proceedings含义最窄，指会议记录(记录会议的进展)和诉讼程序。

Economy(45次)【熟义熟性】n.经济

【真题例句】 market-oriented economy市场经济 [1994阅读Text1] 【僻义熟性】n.经济体，国家

【真题例句】 For each dollar of GDP(in constant prices)rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in 1973.[2003阅读Text3]

【经典译文】富有国家生产一美圆的GDP（以不变价格计算），比1973年少使用50%的石油。

【僻义僻性】a.便宜的；经济实惠的（补充）

An economy class air ticket is fit for ordinary workers, because it costs much less.【经典译文】经济舱机票对一般工作人员比较合适,因为它的价格要便宜得多。

【同源词】economic(44次)a.经济的，经济学的

【真题例句】socio-economic status社会经济地位[1991阅读Text2] economical(2次)a.经济的（强调节省钱和资源）；节约的

【真题例句】 the use of cars has proved to be more economical.[89阅读Text 2, 19题D选项] 【经典译文】使用小汽车被证明是更加节约的。

Practice(28次)【熟义熟性】n.练习

【真题例句】 Kids need plenty of practice delaying gratification and deploying effective organizational skills, such as managing time and setting priorities.[2007年阅读新题型]

【经典译文】孩子需要充分离线延迟满足以及运用有效的组织技能，比如管理时间和分轻重缓急。

【熟义僻性】vt.练习

【真题例句】If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural[2002年阅读Text1] 【经典译文】如果表现幽默让你觉得不自在，你就必须练习，这样才能觉得自然。

【僻义熟性】n.惯例；常规；准则

【真题例句】Indeed, just as there is the concept of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles(GAAP), perhaps it is time for GASP, Generally Accepted Security Practices, suggested Eli Noam of New York’s Columbia Business School.[2007年阅读新题型] 【经典译文】纽约哥伦比亚商学院的伊利·诺姆建议说，的确，正如有公认的会计准则一样，也许现在应该制定公认的安全准则了。

Benefit(25次)

【熟义熟性】n.好处，利益

【真题例句】 Either way, one benefit of a ―national‖ organization would be to negotiate better prices, if possible, with drug manufacturers.[2005年阅读新题型]

【经典译文】不管国家是何种含义，―国家‖机构的好处之一就是能够通过谈判从医药生产商哪里获得更优惠的价格。

【僻义熟性】n.退休金，救济金，保险费

【真题例句】 37.Corporations and labor unions have ________ great benefits upon their employees and members as well as upon the general public.[A] conferred [99年词汇37题]

【经典译文】公司和工会已经给它们的雇员、会员以及广大公众提供了许多福利待遇。

【僻义熟性】v.得益于(from, in)

【真题例句】What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition--if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents.[2000年阅读Text5]

【经典译文】奇怪的是他们或许已经从雄心壮志中受益匪浅――如果不是他们自己的雄心，那么就是他们父辈或祖父辈的雄心。

Argue(24次)

【熟义熟性】v.争论，辩论

【真题例句】 The point is this: without agreement on the rights of people, arguing about the rights of animals is fruitless.[1997年翻译]

【经典译文】关键问题是：如果对人的权利没有共同认识，那么讨论动物的权利就是毫无结果的。

【僻义熟性】v.认为，主张，论证；说服

【真题例句】 He is not arguing, as many do, that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper.[2005年阅读Text4]

【经典译文】不像其他大多数人，麦克沃特先生并不认为我们说话方式不规范就会造成我们的思维混乱。Climate(15次)

【熟义熟性】n.气候;(气候)地带

【真题例句】 The flight from overcrowdedness affects the migration from snow belt to more bearable climates.[1998年阅读Text4]

【经典译文】逃离人口过度稠密区的做法改变了以前那种离开寒冷地带去气候宜人之地的趋势。

【僻义熟性】n.风气，社会思潮

【真题例句】 When the work is well done, a climate of accident-free operations is established where time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum.[1999年完形]

【经典译文】如果此项工作做得好的话，就会形成无事故作业的好风气，因此那儿的因工伤事故所造成的时间损失就会被控制在最低限度。

Academic(10次)

【熟义熟性】a.学院的，学业的

【真题例句】 If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was lessened, more time might be spent teaching children surer values.[1995年阅读text4]

【经典译文】如果学校对学业的强调减少一些，也许就有更多的时间教孩子更重要的价值观念。

【僻义熟性】a.学术的

【真题例句】 Mr.McWhorter’s academic specialty is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of ―whom‖, for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English.[2005年阅读4]

【经典译文】麦克沃特先生的学术专长在于语言史和语言变化，举例来说，他认为―whom‖一词的逐渐消失是很自然的，并不比旧式英语中词格的消失更让人惋惜。

【僻义僻性】 n.学者，大学教师

【真题例句】 Leonard Schlesinger, a Harvard academic and former chief executive of Au Bong Pain, a rapidly growing chain of bakery cafes, says that much ―reengineering‖ has been crude.[1998年阅读text2]

【经典译文】哈佛学者伦纳德·施莱辛格是一家迅速扩张的美味面包店的前总裁，他说，许多―企业重组‖都不成熟。

【同源词】academy学院，学会

National Academy of Science国家科学学院

Fuel(10次)

【熟义熟性】燃料，能源

【真题例句】Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption.[2002年阅读text3]

【经典译文】节约能源，转用其它燃料，以及重工业和高能耗工业重要性的降低，这三个因素使得石油消耗在减少。

【僻义僻性】提供燃料；火上浇油（联想意义）

【真题例句】On anther level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide（医生协助自杀）debated has been fueled in part by the despair of parents for whom the modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.[2002年阅读text4]

【经典译文】在另一方，父母们认为现代医药延长了奄奄一息的病人的身体痛苦。医药界的人也承认这些父母的绝望这给医助自杀的讨论火上浇油。

Address(10次)

【熟义熟性】n.地址，通讯处，致词

【僻义僻性之一】 v.致函，写姓名地址；

【真题例句】Prior to his departure, he addressed a letter to his daughter.[1986词汇第3题] 【经典译文】在离开之前，他给他女儿写了一封信。

【僻义僻性之二】v.向……讲话；

【真题例句】Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different.[2002年阅读Text1] 【经典译文】 针对不同的听众，要谈的问题也应该不同。

【僻义僻性之三】v.处理，解决问题

【真题例句】 Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are comprehensive programs that address the many needs of the homeless.[2006年完形]

【经典译文】《波士顿环球日报》记者克里斯”雷迪认为只有通过全面规划来解决这些无家可归者的各种需求，这种局面才有可能得到改善。

Odd/Odds(9次)

【熟义熟性】a.奇怪的，奇特的 【近义词】strange

【真题例句】 Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary particle physics, and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.[1998年翻译]

【经典译文】宇宙膨胀说虽然听似奇特，但在科学上是似乎可信的结论，因为它是基本粒子物理学中一些公认的理论推理而来的。许多天体物理学家近十年来一直确信这一论说是正确的。

【僻义熟性之一】a.临时的，不固定的 【近义词】temporary

【真题例句】 Left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of data-rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the boss’s agenda in businesses of every variety.[2007年阅读Text4]

【经典译文】信息保护过去一直是临时的、低级的信息技术员的工作，并且只被诸如银行、电信、航空这类拥有大量数据的行业所关注，而现在却高高列在各行业老板的日程表上。

【僻义熟性之二】a.奇数的，不成对的 【反义词】even 【例】an odd shoe.一只不成对的鞋

【僻义僻性】odds.n.可能性，概率

【真题例句】 Even demographics are working against the middle class family, as the odds of having a weak elderly parent – and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance – have jumped eightfold in just one generation.[2007年阅读Text3] 三.高频短语

2008年考研英语大纲对于词汇的要求是―考生应能掌握5500左右的词汇以及相关词组‖，我在附录中找到5500个大纲词汇，很遗憾却找不到相关词组。什么是相关词组？在哪里去找呢？

毫无疑问，真题是最好的素材。既然大纲明确指出，相关词组是考查的重点，所以考生就必须掌握。现根据往年真题，总结了730组最常考的词组，供大家复习准备。

―考研高频词组730‖ ：

1.abide by(=be faithful to;obey)忠于；遵守。

2.absorb(=take up the attention of)吸引…的注意力(被动语态):be absorbed in 全神贯注于…近:be engrossed in;be lost in;be rapt in;be concentrated on;be focused on;be centered on 3.(be)abundant in(be rich in;be well supplied with)富于,富有

4.by accident(=by chance, accidentally)偶然地,意外.Without accident(=safely)安全地, 5.of one’s own accord(=without being asked;willingly;freely)自愿地 ,主动地

6.in accordance with(=in agreement with)依照,根据

7.on one’s own account

1)为了某人的缘故, 为了某人自己的利益

2)(=at one’s own risk)自行负责

3)(=by oneself)依靠自己

on account 赊账;on account of 因为;on no account不论什么原因也不;of no/little account 不重要的.8.take…into account(=consider)把...考虑进去

9.give sb.an account of 说明, 解释(理由)10.account for 1)解释, 说明； 2)占…比例

11.on account of(=because of)由于,因为.12.on no account(=in no case, for no reason)绝不要,无论如何不要(放句首时句子要倒装)13.accuse…of…(=charge…with;blame sb.for sth.;blame sth.on sb.;complain about)指控,控告

14.be accustomed to(=be in the habit of, be used to)习惯于.15.be acquainted with(=to have knowledge of)了解;(=to have met socially)熟悉

16.act on 奉行,按照…行动;act as 扮演;act for 代理

17.adapt oneself to(=adjust oneself to)使自己适应于

18.adapt…(for)(=make sth.Suitable for a new need)改编, 改写(以适应新的需要)19.in addition(=besides)此外, 又, 加之

20.in addition to(=as well as, besides, other than)除…外

21.adhere to(=abide by, conform to, comply with, cling to, insist on, persist in, observe, opinion, belief)粘附;坚持, 遵循

22.adjacent(=next to, close to)毗邻的, 临近的23.adjust..(to)(=change slightly)调节;适应;24.admit of(=be capable of, leave room for)…的可能，留有…的余地.25.in advance(before in time)预告, 事先.26.to advantage 有利的,使优点更加突出地.27.have an advantage over 胜过.have the advantage of 由于…处于有利条件

have the advantage of sb.知道某人所不知道的事

28.take advantage of(=make the best of, utilize, make use of, profit from, harness)利用.29.agree with 赞同(某人意见)agree to 同意

30.in agreement(with)同意, 一致

31.ahead of 在…之前, 超过;ahead of time 提前.32.in the air 1)不肯定, 不具体.2)在谣传中.33.above all(=especially, most important of all)尤其是, 最重要的.34.in all(=counting everyone or everything, altogether)总共, 总计

35.after all 毕竟,到底;(not)at all 一点也不;

all at once(=suddenly)突然;once and for all 只此一次;above all 最重要的;first of all 首先;all in all 大体上说;be all in 累极了;all but 几乎.36.allow for(=take into consideration, take into account)考虑到, 估计到.37.amount to(=to be equal to)总计, 等于.38.answer for(undertake responsibility for, be liable for, take charge for)对…负责.39.answer to(=conform to)适合,符合.40.be anxious about 为…焦急不安;或anxious for 41.apologize to sb.for sth.为…向…道歉

42.appeal to sb.for sth.为某事向某人呼吁.appeal to sb.对某人有吸引力

43.apply to sb.for sth.为…向…申请;apply for申请;apply to 适用.44.apply to 与…有关;适用

45.approve of(=consent to, be in favor of, favor, agree to, consider good, right)赞成, approve vt.批准

46.arise from(=be caused by)由…引起.47.arrange for sb./sth.to do sth.安排…做…

48.arrive on 到达;arrive at 到达某地(小地方);得出,作出;arrive in 到达某地(大地方);49.be ashamed of(=feel shame, guilt or sorrow because of sth.done)以…为羞耻

50.assure sb.of sth.(=try to cause to believe or trust in sth.)向…保证, 使…确信.51.attach(to)(=to fix, fasten;join)缚, 系 ,结

52.make an attempt at doing sth.(to do sth.)试图做…

53.attend to(=give one’s attention, care and thought)注意,照顾;attend on(upon)(=wait upon, serve, look after)侍候,照料

54.attitude to/ toward …对…的态度.看法

55.attribute…to…(=to believe sth.to be the result of…)把..归因于.., 认为..是..的结果

56.on the average(=on average, on an average)平均

57.(be)aware of(=be conscious of , having knowledge or consciousness)意识到,知道.58.at the back of(=behind)在…后面

59.in the back of 在…后部(里面);on the back of 在…后部(外面);be on one’s back(=be ill in bed)卧病不起.60.at one’s back(=supporting or favoring sb.)支持,维护;have sb.at one’s back 有…支持, 有…作后台

61.turn one’s back on sb.(=turn away from sb.in an impolite way)不理睬(某人),背弃,抛弃

62.behind one’s back 背着某人(说坏话)63.be based on / upon 基于

64.on the basis of 根据…, 在…基础上

65.beat…at 在…运动项目上打赢

66.begin with 以…开始.to begin with(=first of all)首先, 第一(经常用于开始语)67.on behalf of(=as the representative of)以…名义

68.believe in(=have faith or trust in;consider sth./sb.to be true)相信,依赖,信仰.69.benefit(from)受益,得到好处.70.for the benefit of 为了…的利益(好处)71.for the better 好转

72.get the better of(=defeat sb.)打败, 胜过.73.by birth 在出生上,论出身,按血统 at birth 在出生时;give birth to 出生

74.blame sb.for sth.因…责备某人.blame sth.on sb.把…推在某人身上

75.in blossom开花(指树木)be in blossom开花(强调状态)come into blossom开花(强调动作)76.on board 到船上, 在船上, 上火车或飞机

77.boast of(or about)吹嘘

78.out of breath 喘不过气来

79.in brief(=in as few words as possible)简言之

80.in bulk 成批地,不散装的81.take the floor 起立发言

82.on business 出差办事.83.be busy with sth.于某事;be busy doing sth.忙于做某事

84.last but one 倒数第二.85.but for(=without)要不是.表示假设

86.buy sth.for…money 用多少钱买

87.be capable of 能够, 有能力

be capable of being +过去分词:是能够被…的

88.in any case(=for love or money, at any rate, at any price, at any cost, whatever happens;anyhow)无论如何

89.in case(=for fear that)万一;

90.in case of(=in the event of)如果发生…万一;in the case of 至于…, 就…而言

91.in no case在任何情况下都不(放句首倒装句)92.be cautious of 谨防

93.center one’s attention on(=focus one’s attention on)把某人的注意力集中在…上

94.be certain of(=be sure of)有把握, 一定.95.for certain of(=for sure)肯定地,有把握地

96.by chance(=accidentally, by accident)偶然

97.for a change换换环境(花样等)98.charge sb.with …控告某人犯有…

99.in charge of(=responsible for)负责(某事);in the charge of …由…管

100.take charge of(=to be or become responsible for)负责管理(照顾)101.charge…for 因…索取(费用);charge sb.with sth.控告某人犯有… 102.round the clock(=all day and all night, usually without stopping)昼夜不停地

103.comment on 评论 104.commit oneself to 使自己承担… commit sb.to prison把某人送进监狱;commit one’s idea to writing 把某人的想法写下来;commit a matter to a committee 把某事交给委员会讨论

105.in common(和…)有共同之处,共用.be common to sb.是与某人所共有的

106.keep company with(=be friendly and go out together)和…要好.107.compare…with … 把…与…比较

108.compare…to… 把…比作… 109.by comparison 比较起来

110.in comparison with(=in contrast to)和…比起来

111.compensate for(=give sth.to make up for)补偿, 赔偿,弥补 compensate sb.for sth.赔偿,弥补

112.complain of(or about)抱怨;诉苦;控告;complain about 抱怨某人或事情;complain to sb.about sth.(or sb.)向某人抱怨…;complain(抱怨);complement(补充);compliment(恭维)

113.comply with(=act in accordance with a demand, order, rule etc.)遵守, 依从

114.conceive of(think of, imagine, consider)想象,设想

115.concentrate on(or upon)集中,专心

116.be concerned with(=about)与…有关

117.concern oneself about / with 关心

118.in conclusion(=as the last thing)最后一点;at the conclusion of 当…结束时;119.condemn sb.to 判决

120.on condition that(=if)以…为条件, 假如;in that = because 因为;now that = since 既然;for all that = although 尽管

121.in / out of condition(=thoroughly healthy or fit / not fit)健康状况好/不好;in good(bad)condition处于良好(坏)状态

122.confess(to)(=admit a fault, crime, or sth.wrong)承认, 供认;confess to a crime 承认罪行.123.confide in(=to talk freely to sb.about one’s secret)对…讲真心话, 依赖

124.in confidence 推心置腹地;with confidence 满怀信心地;have confidence in 对…有信心

125.confidence in sb./ sth.对…的信赖

126.be confident of 有信心;confidential 机密的

127.confine…to… 把…限制在某范围内

128.confirm sb.in 使某人更坚定(信念等)

129.conform to(=be in agreement with, comply with)符合,遵照,遵守;1)obey服从;2)observe;3)comply with照…办;4)keep to遵循;5)abide by服从;6)stick to按..做

130.be confronted with(=be brought face to face with)面对, 面临

131.congratulate sb.on 祝贺

132.in connection with(=with regard to)关于, 133.be conscious of(=be aware of)觉察,知道

134.consent to(=give agreement to permission)同意

135.in consequence(=as a result)结果

136.in consequence of(=as a consequence of)由于…的结果

137.under consideration 在考虑中

138.in consideration of(=in return for, on account of, because of)由于

139.on no consideration(in no case)无论如何也不 145.take…into consideration(=take account of, take…into account)考虑到, 把…考虑进去

146.considerate(=thoughtful of the needs)体贴的, 考虑他人需要的, considerable相当大的,值得考虑的147.consist of(=be composed of)由…组成的.consist in主要在于.consist with符合,与…一致

148.be consistent with(=be in agreement with)与…一致.be consistent in一贯的, 149.consult sb.on/ about sth.向…征求…方面的意见, 就…向…请教

150.to one’s heart’s content尽情地,痛痛快快

151.be content with(=be satisfied with)满足于be content to do sth.愿意做某事

152.contrary to(=in opposition to)与…相反

153.on the contrary 相反

154.contrast…with 把…与…相对(对照)

155.in contrast to/with 和…形成对比;by contrast 对比之下

156.contribute to 有助于

157.under control(被)控制住 out of control无法控制

158.at one’s convenience(=where and when it suits one)在方便的时间或地点;be convenient to / for 对…方便

159.convince sb.of(=cause sb.to believe or feel certain;to persuade sb.)使某人确信,try to persuade sb.to do sth.劝说某人做…

160.cope with(=deal with, try to find a solution to)应付, 处理

161.in the corner(of)在角落里;on(at)the comer of a street在街道拐弯处;round the comer拐过弯;be in a tight corner陷入困境

162.correspond(with)(=exchange letters regularly)通信

163.correspond to 相当于.correspond with 符合,一致

164.at all costs不惜任何代价.at the cost of 以…为代价

165.a matter of course 理所当然的事

166.as a matter of course 当然地, 自然地

167.in(during)the course 在…过程中

168.in due course(=without too much delay)没经过太久, 到一定时候

169.on credit赊购;with credit以优异成绩;to one’s credit使某人感到光荣;do sb.credit 使…感到光荣

170．be critical of 爱挑毛病的，批评的171.cure sb.of+某种疾病 治好某人的疾病

172．a danger to对…的危险;be in danger(of)处于…危险中;be out of danger脱离危险

173.to date(=so far, until now)到目前为止

174.out of date过时的；up to date新式的,时兴的;date back to可追溯到;date from从某时期开始(有)175.deal with(=concern)论及

176.be in debt to sb.欠…的债

177.on the decline 在衰退中, 在减少中

in decline 下降;on the increase 在增加

178.to one’s delight 令某人感到高兴;to one’s regret 遗憾;sorrow悲痛;relief 安心;distress 苦恼;shame羞愧;surprise 惊奇;astonishment 惊奇;

179.delight in(=take great pleasure in doing sth.)喜欢, 取乐

180.take(a)delight in 喜欢干…, 以…为乐

181.demand sth.of sb.向某人要求(非物质的)东西.demand sth.from sb.向某人要求(物质的)东西

182.in demand有需求;on demand受到要求时

183.be dependent on 依靠 184.deprive sb.of sth.剥夺某人某物

185.derive…from(=obtain…from)从…取得,由…来的.derive from(=come from)起源于

186.despair of(=lose all hope of)绝望

187.in despair 绝望

188.despite(=in spite of)不管, 尽管

189.in detail 详细地

190.deviate from 偏离, 不按…办

191.on a diet 吃某种特殊饮食, 节食

192.differ from…in 与…的区别在于… 193.in difficulties…有困难,处境困难，194.discharge sb.(from)…for(=dismiss sb.from a job for)因…解雇, 开除

195.fall back(=retreat, turn back)撤退;in disorder 慌乱地, 狼狈不堪

196.on display(=being shown publicly)陈列

197.dispose of(=get rid of ,throw away)处理掉

198.beyond dispute不容争议的,无可争议

199.in dispute 在争议中

200.in the distance 在远处.make out 辩认出

201.(be)distinct from(= be different from)与…截然不同

202.distinguish between(=make or recognize differences)辨别

203.distinguish…from 把…与…区别开

204.do away with(=get rid of;abolish;discard eliminate)除去,废除,取消;do away with(=kill)杀掉, 镇压

205.have…to do with 与…有关系

206.without doubt(=undoubtedly)无可置疑地

207.in doubt(=in a condition of uncertainty)对…表示疑惑

208.be due to 是由于

209.come off duty 下班

210.go on duty 上班

211.be on duty 值班, 值日, 在上班时

212.be in duty bound to(do)(=be required by one’s job or esp.by conscience)有义务(做)213.be eager for 想得到, 盼望

214.by ear(=play music from memory without having seen it printed)凭记忆,不看乐谱

215.have an ear for(=have keen recognition of sounds esp.in music and language)对..有鉴赏力

216.a word in one’s ear 私房话, 秘密话

217.on earth 究竟, 到底, 全然

218.with ease(= easily)容易, 不费力

219.at(one’s)ease(= without worry or nervousness)自在,不拘束

220.put sb.at his / her ease(=free sb.from worry or nervousness)使某人感到无拘束

221.economize on(=save sth.instead of being wasteful)节省

222.have an effect on 对…有影响

223.be in effect(=be in operation)有效

224.go into effect 生效.(近: come into effect;take effect;be brought into effect)225.in effect(=in fact, really)实际上 226.give effect to(=carry out)实行,使…生效

227.to no effect 不起作用,没有取得任何效果

228.(be)of no effect(=useless)无效

229.to the effect that 大意是…,主要内容是… 230.to that effect 是那个意思的…

231.emerge from(=appear, become known)出现, 暴露(问题.意见等)232.place(or put, lay)an emphasis on 强调, 把重点放在…上

233.encourage sb.in 鼓励;encourage sb.in his/her work 鼓励某人工作;encourage sb.in his/her idleness 怂恿某人游手好闲

234.encourage sb.in …with sth.用…鼓励某人做某事

235.on end(=continuously)连续地

236.(be)at an end(=finished)结束了

237.no end of(=very many/much)很多,大量

238.in the end(=finally, eventually)最终

239.at one’s wit’s end(=not knowing what to do or to say)无法可想, 智穷计尽

240.end up with 以…而结束

241.come to and end(=finish)结束

242.end in 以…为结束

243.engage in 或 be engaged in 忙于,从事

244.enter for(=put the name on a list for)报名参加

245.enter into(=begin)开始(谈话, 谈判等)

246.enter on / upon(=begin)开始(一个时代.一种生涯.一段任期等)247.be entitled to(=be given the right to do sth.)有权…,有资格… 248.be equal to 等于

249.be/ feel equal to(=have enough strength, ability etc.)(某人)能胜任,能应付

on equal terms(=on and equal footing)平等地

250.be equipped with 装备有,装有

251.(be)equivalent to(=equal in value, amount, meaning)相等于, 相当于

252.in essence(=in its/one’s nature)本质上

253.at all events(=in spite of everything, in any case)不论怎样, 无论如何

254.in any event(=whatever happens in the future)无论如何, 不管(将来)怎么样

255.in the event that(=if)假如, 如果.in the event 结果, 实际情况是(常与but连用)256.in the event of(=in case of)万一,即使发生..时

257.except 除…以外;besides 除…以外还有..258.except(=but)除了。

259.except for(=apart from)除…以外

260.(an)exception to …的例外

261.with the exception of(=except, apart from)除去…., 除…以外

262.in excess of(=more than)超过

263.exchange…for 以…交换

264.exclusive of(=not taking into account;without)不包括

265.in excuse of 作为…的借口

266.exert…on… 对…施加… 267.exert oneself to do sth.努力,使劲

268.come into existence(=begin to exist)开始存在;come into use开始使用;come into effect开始运转;come into fashion开始时新;come into action开始行动;come into power开始执政;come into sight进入视野;come into blossom开花;269.(be)in existence存在 come into existence 出现

270.expect…of 在…期望…

271.at the expense of在损害…情况下,以…为牺牲

272.expose…to…使暴露于…, 使…受(危险,风险)273.be exposed to… 面临…, 受到….274.beyond expression(=in a manner that cannot be expressed)无法形容, 说不出的275.give expression to 表达, 表现;find expression in 表现

276.to …extent 在…程度上

277.in the extreme(= extremely)极其

278.look sb.in the eye 正视, 打量(某人)279.close(shut)one’s eyes to不理会,视而不见

280.in one’s mind’s eye 在心目中, 在想象中

281.in the twinkling of an eye 一眨眼,转眼间

282.keep an eye on(=keep a watch on)照看,监视

283.in the eyes of in one’s eyes(= in the judgment of)在某人看来, 在某人眼里

284.on the face of it(=judging by what one can see)表面看来

285.in the face of 面对着(困难等情况)

286.in one’s face当着某人的面;face to faced面对面;face up to 大胆面向

287.fail in(=be unsuccessful in)失败

288.in good faith(=honestly, sincerely)真诚地

289.keep faith with 对…守信用

290.lose faith in 对…失去信心

291.on faith 毫无怀疑地, 依赖地

292.faithful to(=loyal to)对…忠诚

293.fall into the habit(of)养成…习惯

294.fall short of(=fail to reach a desired result, standard, etc.)没达到, 低于

295.familiar with 熟悉,了解

296.have a fancy for(=like sth.without the help of reason)(没有道理地)喜欢, 想要

297.take a fancy to(=become fond of)喜欢

298.by far 远, 非常(与比较级或最高级连用)299.far from 远远不是

300.far from 非但不…(而且)

301.in fashion(=stylish, most modern)时兴,流行

302.after the fashion(of)依照…

303.find fault with(=complain about;criticize)找毛病，对…吹毛求疵

304.at fault(=in the wrong, blamable)有错

305.in favour of 赞成

306.be in favour with 受宠, 受偏爱;out of favour with 失宠, 不受宠

307.in one’s favour(=to one’s advantage)对.有利 308.(be)favourable to(=advantageous)有利的

309.fear for(=be afraid for the safety of sb.or sth.)为…担心

310.for fear of(=in case of;because of anxiety about)以防, 由于怕

311.in fear of(=afraid for the safety of)担心

312.feed(sb.)on sth.靠吃…, 用…喂养

313.be fed up with(=be unhappy, tired about sth.dull)厌烦, 腻了

314.feel like(=have a desire for)想要

315.fill in 填写

316.fill out(=fill in)填写

317.set the world on fire=set the flames on fire(=do sth.remarkable)有突出成就

318.play with fire(=take great risks)干冒险事

319.set sth.on fire(=set fire to sth.)使..着火,放火

320.at first sight(=when first seen)乍一看,一见

321.for the first time 第一次(作状语)322.in the first place 首先, 第一

323.fit into 刚好放入

324.fit in with(= suit , fall into agreement)合适, 相配, 一致

325.(be)fit for(=right and suitable for)适合

326.focus on(=concentrate on)集中在…;focus sth.on 把…集中在…上

327.be fond of 喜欢

328.(be)in force 有效 , 实施

329.go into force 开始生效

330.by force 靠武力, 强行

331.force…on 把…强加给… 332.in the form of 以…形式

333.be fortunate in 幸运,有好运气

334.free of charge 免费

335.be freed from 免受, 没有…

336.in front of 在…前面;in the front of 在…前部

337.furnish…with(=supply)向…提供

338.in general(=in most cases, usually)通常

339.catch(or get)a glimpse of 瞥见(强调结果)take a glance(or look)at看一眼(强调动作)340.be good for 对…有好处;对…有作用;be good at 擅长于;be good to 对…好

341.in good time(=early)早早地(做完.到达等)342.for good(=for ever)永远地, 长期地

343.take…for granted(=assume to be true)把…认为理所当然的.344.be grateful to sb.for sth 因…感谢某人

345.on the ground(s)fo(=because of)由于… 346.fall to the ground(计划.希望等)失败,落空

347.on one’s guard(against)谨防, 警惕;(be)on guard 站岗

348.guard against(=defend, keep safe)警惕,防止 guard…against 警卫…防止

349.guess at 猜, 估计

350.by guess 靠猜 351.be guilty of 犯有…罪或过失

352.be in the habit of习惯于

353.break off(a habit)改掉(某种习惯)354.break sb.of(a habit)使某人改掉(某习惯)355.get(fall)into the habit of养成了…的习惯

356.come to a halt(=stop)停止;停住

357.at hand 在手边, 眼前(附近)358.by hand 用手工(做)

359.hand in glove(with)狼狈为奸, 密切合作

360.in hand 1)在手边 2)(=under control)控制住

361.in the hands of 由…掌握, 控制, 负责

362.live from hand to mouth勉强度日,现挣现吃

363.at the head of 在…的前头

364.head for(=move towards)向…方向前进

365.hear of(=know about)听人说起, 听说过

366.at heart(=in reality)内心里, 实际上

367.in one’s heart(of hearts)内心深处,事实上

368.by heart(=by memory)熟记, 背(诵)369.to one’s heart’s content 尽情地

370.with all one’s heart全心全意地,真心实意

371.hinder…form(=stop…from)阻碍,使..不能做

372.be(go)on holiday 在(去)度假;go on holiday = go for a holiday

373.be(feel)at home(=to be comfortable;not feel worried)感觉合适，无拘束，熟悉

374.be honest in诚实

375.in one’s honour(or in honour of)祝贺,纪念

376.on one’s honour 以某人的名誉担保

377.hope for 希望(某事发生),希望有

378.to one’s horror 令某人感到恐惧的是

379.in a hurry(=hastily)匆忙地

380.be identical with(=exactly alike)和完全相同

381.be identified with 被视为与…等同

382.in ignorance of 不知道…

383.be ignorant of(= lacking knowledge)对…不了解,不知道

384.(an)impact(on)对…的强烈影响

385.impose…on 把…强加给

386.impress…on 给…留下印象

387.make(leave)an impression on sb.=give sb.an impression 给…留下印象

388.under the impression that有..的印象,认为

389.improve sth.(make sth.better)把原物改进;improve on(=produce or be sth.better than…)另做一物比原物更好

390.improve in(=get better)有改进, 好些

391.improvement in 表示原物有改进,好转

392.include…in 把…列在…里面

393.inclusive of 把…包括在内 394.independent of 独立的,不受约束的395.indicative of 表明, 说明

396.be indifferent to(=not interested in)对…漠不关心, 冷淡, 不在乎

397.(be)inferior to(=less good in quality or value)比…差;superior to比…好

398.inform sb.of sth.通知, 告诉

399.be innocent of 无罪的,无辜的400.insist on(=order sth.to happen)坚持要

401.instead of(=in place of)代替，而不是… 402.instruct…in(=teach)教.指导.训练某人…

403.insure…for 把…保险(多少钱);ensure 使安全;assure…(of)使…确信,保证

404.insure…against 保险…以防

405.intend…for 打算把…给

406.(be)intent on 专心致志, 坚决

407.in the interests of 符合…的利益;be interested in 对…感兴趣

408.interfere in干涉, interfere with打搅,干扰

409.at intervals 每隔一会儿, 每隔一段距离

410.intervene in 干预

411.invest in 投资

412.be involved in(=become connected or concerned)卷入, 参加

413.by itself(=alone, without help)单独地,靠自己

414.in itself 本身;of itself 自发,自然

415.be jealous of 妒忌

416.jump at(=to be eager to accept)抢着接受, 417.jump on(=scold, tell of)叱责

418.junior to sb.年纪较…轻, 职位较…低.419.(be)keen on 喜爱, 渴望

420.keep a close watch on(=keep a sharp lookout for)密切注视

第五篇：2013年考博英语复习经典经验总结

考博英语复习经典经验总结

引导语：到了考博这个阶段，通常情况下，同学们的语法有一定的基础，考博的重点是词汇，有研究证明：一个单词需要8次记忆才可以记住，而且记忆的规律是先快后慢，应了有的同学的话，记的快也忘的快。单词的记忆方法很多，关键在于要坚持。

1、听力：水平差的同学至少要有3个月的准备时间。听力要选用与考试水平一致的材料复习。听的过程：一盘磁带听烂为止。标准：能够听得懂内容，并且能够写下来所听到的内容。这个阶段需要1－2个月，且每天需要2个小时左右，才可以达到此种听力的状态。

对于发音不太准确的同学，可跟读同水平的磁带。跟读有两个阶段：第一阶段看着原文跟读；第二阶段完全跟读。跟读熟练之后，还需要能够写下听到的内容 任何一种语言都可以用以上方法提高听力水平，也可提高口语水平。

2、阅读理解：水平越高的英语考试，阅读部分的长难句就会增加。所以解决长难句，阅读问题就迎刃而解。同时，在阅读部分可以解决词汇问题。在复习阶段做同水平考试的英语阅读题，必须清楚每个句子的句子结构和陌生的词（发音、词性）。解决这些问题，冲刺阶段的复习和最后的考试奠定坚实的基础。阅读部分越早着手越好。实际上考博的同学都有一定的阅读水平，相对于考博，这是有针对性的方法

3、完形填空：就目前国内考博的完形填空，都是四选一的考试方式，所以这部分不难。市面上买的练习册做做就可以应付考试了。但是如果是open cloze，难度就大了。要掌握篇章布局、句子结构（语法、时态）、同义词的掌握，重要的还要学会找相关信息。想练习open cloze，看pets5的资料就可以

4、写作：主要考查应用英语的能力，有基本的英语水平加上一本雅思写作，写作就不在话下了。想取得写作高分，就要提前准备。当然，写作是可以突击的。考前参加一个四六级的写作辅导，再用一个月时间练习就可以了。

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