大英三精读unit5中英文对照

第一篇：大英三精读unit5中英文对照

Alex Haley served in the Coast Guard during World War ll.On an especially lonely day to be at sea — Thanksgiving Day — he began to give serious

thought to a holiday that has become, for many Americans, a day of overeating and watching endless games of football.Haley decided to celebrate the true meaning of Thanksgiving by writing three very special letters.亚历克斯·黑利二战时在海岸警卫队服役。出海在外，时逢一个倍感孤寂的日子——感恩节——他开始认真思考这一节日的意义，对许多美国人而言，这个节日已成为大吃大喝、没完没了地看橄榄球比赛的日子。黑利决定写三封不同寻常的信，以此来纪念感恩节的真正意义。

R T 1.It was 1943, during World War II, and I was a young U.S..My ship, the, had beenfor several days.Most of her holds contained thousands ofof canned or dried foods.The other holds were loaded with five-hundred-pound bombs packed delicately in.Our destination was a big base on the island ofin the South.写三封感谢信亚历克斯·黑利

那是在二战期间的1943年，我是个年轻的美国海岸警卫队队员。我们的船，美国军舰军市一号已出海多日。多数船舱装着成千上万箱罐装食品或干粮。其余的船舱装着不少五百磅重的炸弹，都小心翼翼地放在有软垫的架子上。我们的目的地是南太平洋图拉吉岛上一个规模很大的基地。

2.I was one of the Murzim's several cooks and, quite the same as for folk ashore, this Thanksgiving morning had seen us busily preparing a traditional dinner featuring roast turkey.我是军市一号上的一个厨师，跟岸上的人一样，那个感恩节的上午，我们忙着在准备一道以烤火鸡为主的传统菜肴。

3.Well, as any cook knows, it's a lot of hard work to cook and serve a big meal, and clean up and.But finally, around , we finished at last.当厨师的都知道，要烹制一顿大餐，摆上桌，再刷洗、收拾干净，是件辛苦的事。不过，等到太阳快下山时，我们总算全都收拾停当了。

4.I decided first to go out on the Murzim'sfor a breath of open air.I made my way out there, breathing in great, deepwhile walking slowly about, still wearing my white cook's hat.我想先去后甲板透透气。我信步走去，一边深深呼吸着空气，一边慢慢地踱着步，头上仍戴着那顶白色的厨师帽。

Ithinking about Thanksgiving, of the , Indians, wild turkeys, pumpkins, corn on the ,.我开始思索起感恩节这个节日来，想着清教徒前辈移民、印第安人、野火鸡、南瓜、玉米棒等等。

6.Yet my mind seemed to be inof something else — some way that I could personally apply to the close of Thanksgiving.It must have taken me a half hour to sense that maybe some key to an answer could result fromthe word “Thanksgiving” — at least that suggested adirection, “Giving thanks.”

可我脑子里似乎还在搜索着别的什么——某种我能够赋予整个节日以个人意义的方式。大概过了半个小时左右我才意识到，问题的关键也许在于把Thanksgiving这个词前后颠倒一下——那样一来至少字面意义好懂了：Giving thanks。

R T 7.Giving thanks — as in praying, thanking God, I thought.Yes, of course.Certainly.表达谢意——就如在祈祷时感谢上帝那样，我暗想。对啊，是这样，当然是这样。

8.Yet my mind continued.可我脑子里仍一直翻腾着这事。9.After a while, like a dawn's brightening, a further answer did come — that there were people to thank, people who had done so much for me that I could never possibly repay them.The embarrassing truth was that I'd always just accepted what they'd done, taken all of it for granted.Not one time had I ever bothered to express to any of them so much as a simple, sincere “Thank you.” 过了片刻，如同晨曦初现，一个更清晰的念头终于涌现脑际——要感谢他人，那些赐我以诸多恩惠，我根本无以回报的人们。令我深感不安的实际情形是，我向来对他们所做的一切受之泰然，认为是理所应当。我一次也没想过要对他们中的任何一位真心诚意地说一句简单的谢谢。

10.At least seven people had been particularly and lastingly helpful to me.I realized, swallowing hard, that about half of them had since died — so they were forever beyond any possible expression of gratitude from me.The more I

thought about it, the more ashamed I became.Then I pictured the three who were still alive and, within minutes, I was down in my cabin.至少有七个人对我有过不同寻常、影响深远的帮助。令人万分难受的是，我意识到，他们中有一半已经谢世了——因此他们永远也无法接受我的谢意了。我越想越感到羞愧。最后我想到了仍然健在的三位，几分钟后，我就回到了自己的舱房。

11.Sitting at a table with writing paper and memories of things each had done, I tried composing genuineofand gratitude to my dad, , a professor at the oldMechanical Normal College in , Arkansas;to my grandma, , back in our little hometown of Henning, Tennessee;and to , my grammar school principal, retired and living in Ripley, six miles north of Henning.我坐在摊着信纸的桌旁，回想着他们各自为我所做的一切，试图用真挚的文字表达我对他们的由衷的感激之情：父亲西蒙·A·黑利，阿肯色州派恩布拉夫那所历史悠久的农业机械师范学院的教授；住在田纳西州小镇亨宁老家的外祖母辛西娅·帕尔默；以及我的小学校长，退休后住在亨宁以北6英里处的里普利的洛纽尔·纳尔逊牧师。

12.The texts of my letters began something like, “Here, this Thanksgiving , I find my thoughts upon how much you have done for me, but I have never stopped and said to you how much I feel the need to thank you —” And briefly I recalled for each of themacts performed on my.我的信是这样开头的：“出海在外度过的这个感恩节令我回想起您为我做了那么多事，但我却从来没有对您说过自己多么想感谢您——”我简短回忆了他们每位为我所做的具体事例。13.For instance, something uppermost about my father was how he had impressed upon me from boyhood to love books and reading.In fact, this graduated into a family habit of after-dinner quizzes at the table about books read most recently and new words learned.My love of books never diminished and later led me toward writing books myself.So many times I have felt a sadness when exposed to modern children so immersed in the electronic media that they have little or no awareness of the marvelous world to be discovered in books.例如，我父亲的最不同寻常之处在于，从我童年时代起，他就让我深深意识到要热爱书籍、热爱阅读。事实上，这一爱好渐渐变成一种家庭习惯，晚饭后大家围在餐桌旁互相考查近日所读的书以及新学的单词。我对书籍的热爱从未减弱，日后还引导我自己撰文著书。多少次，当我看到如今的孩子们如此沉迷于电子媒体时，我不由深感悲哀，他们很少，或者根本不了解书中所能发现的神奇世界。

14.I reminded the Reverend Nelson how each morning he would open our little country town's grammar school with aover hisstudents.I

told him that whatever positive things I had done since had been influenced at leastby his morning school prayers.我跟纳尔逊牧师提及他如何每天清晨和集合在一起的学生做祷告，以此开始小镇小学的一天。我告诉他，我后来所做的任何有意义的事，都至少部分地是受了他那些学校晨祷的影响。

15.In the letter to my grandmother, I reminded her of a dozen ways she used to teach me how to tell the truth, to share, and to be forgiving and considerate of others.I thanked her for the years of eating her good cooking, the equal of which I had not found since.Finally, I thanked her simply for having sprinkled my life with stardust.在给外祖母的信中，我谈到了她用了种种方式教我讲真话，教我与人分享，教我宽恕、体谅他人。我感谢她多年来让我吃她烧的美味菜肴，离开她后我从来没吃过那么可口的菜肴。最后，我感谢她，因为她在我的生命中撒下美妙的遐想。

16.Before I slept, my three letters went into our ship's office mail.They got mailed when we reachedIsland.睡觉前，我这三封信都送进了船上的邮袋。我们抵达图拉吉岛后都寄了出去。

17.We,with something else, then again we put to sea in the routine familiar to us, and as the days became weeks, my little personal experience.Sometimes, when we were at sea, a mail ship wouldand bring us mail from home, which, of course, wepriority.我们卸了货，又装了其他物品，随后我们按熟悉的常规，再次出海。一天又一天，一星期又一星期，我个人的经历渐渐淡忘。我们在海上航行时，有时会与邮船会合，邮船会带给我们家信，当然，这是我们视为最紧要的事情。

R T 18.Every time the ship's, “Attention!Mail call!” twocame pounding up onandabout the two , standing by those preciousgray sacks.They were alternately pulling outof letters and barkingnames of sailors who were, , shouting back “Here!Here!”the pushing.每当船上的喇叭响起：“大伙听好！邮件点名！”约200名水手就会冲上甲板，围聚在那两个站在宝贵的鼓鼓囊囊的灰色邮袋旁的水手周围。两人轮流取出一把把信件，大声念出收信水手的名字，叫到的人一边从人群中挤出来，一边应道：“来了，来了！”

19.One “mail call” brought me responses from Grandma, Dad, and the

Reverend Nelson — and my reading of their letters left me not only astonished but more humbled than before.一次“邮件点名”带给了我外祖母、爸爸以及纳尔逊牧师的回信——我读了信，既震惊又深感卑微。

20.Rather than saying they would forgive that I hadn't previously thanked them, instead, for Pete's sake, they were thanking me — for having remembered, for having considered they had done anything so exceptional.他们没有说他们原谅我以前不曾感谢他们，相反，他们却向我致谢，天哪，就因为我记得他们做的事，并认为他们做了不同寻常的事。

R T 21.Always the college professor, my dad had carefully avoided anything he considered too , so I knew how moved he was to write me that, after having helped educate many young people, he now felt that his best results included his own son.身为大学教授的爸爸向来特别留意不使用任何过于感情化的文字，因此，当他信中写道，在教了许许多多的年轻人之后，他现在认为自己最优秀的学生当中也包括自己的儿子时，我知道他是多么地感动。

R T 22.The Reverend Nelson wrote that his decades as a “simple, old-fashioned principal” had ended with schoolssuchchanges that he had retired in self-doubt.“ I heard more of what I had done wrong than what I did right,” he said, adding that my letter had brought him welcomethat his career had been appreciated.纳尔逊牧师写道，他那平凡的老派校长的岁月随着学校里发生的如此迅猛的变化而告结束，他也怀着自我怀疑的心态退了休。“说我做得不对的远远多于说我做得对的，”他写道，接着又说我的信给他带来了令人振奋的信心：自己的校长生涯还是有其价值的。

23.A glance at Grandma's familiar handwriting brought back in a flash

memories of standing alongside her white rocking chair, watching her “settin' down” some letter to relatives.Character by character, Grandma would slowly accomplish one word, then the next, so that a finished page would consume hours.I wept over the page representing my Grandma's recent hours invested in expressing her loving gratefulness to me — whom she used to diaper!

一看到外祖母那熟悉的笔迹，我顿时回想起往日站在她的白色摇椅旁看她给亲戚写信的情景。外祖母一个字母一个字母地慢慢拼出一个词，接着再写下一个词，因此写满一页要花上几个小时。外祖母最近花费不少工夫对我表达了充满慈爱的谢意，读着老人家的信我禁不住流泪——从前是她给我换尿布的呀！

24.Much later, retired from the Coast Guard and trying to make a living as a writer, I never forgot how those three “thank you” letters gave me an insight into how most humanmore of their fellows to express appreciation for their efforts.许多年后，我从海岸警卫队退役，试着靠写作为生，我一直不曾忘记那三封“感谢”信是如何使我认识到，大凡人都暗自期望着有更多的人对自己的努力表达谢意。

25.Now, approaching another Thanksgiving, I have asked myself what will I wish for all who are reading this, for our nation, indeed for our whole world — since,a good and wise friend of mine, “In the end we are mightily and merely people, each with similar needs.” First, I wish for us, of course, the simple common sense to achieve world peace, that beingfor the very survival of our kind.现在，感恩节又将来临，我自问，对此文的读者，对我们的祖国，事实上也是对全世界，我有什么祝愿，因为，用一位善良而又睿智的朋友的话来说，“我们其实都是十分相像的凡人，有着相似的需求。”当然，我首先祝愿大家记住这一简单的常识：实现世界和平，这对我们自身的存亡至关重要。

26.And there is something else I wish — so strongly that I have had this line printed across the bottom of all my : “Find the good — and praise it.” 此外我还有别的祝愿——这一祝愿是如此强烈，我将这句话印在我所有的信笺底部：“发现并褒扬各种美好的事物。”

第二篇：模块七 Unit 1阅读材料中英文对照版

M7U1 READING Unit 1 Living with technology The evolution of video and sound devices Early history of TV The first public TV broadcasts were made in the USA in 1925.Later, in 1928, the first long-distance TV broadcast was made between the UK and the USA.Regular public broadcasting followed shortly afterwards, first beginning on 11 May 1928 in New York and on 20 August 1929 in London.Many different people contributed to the development of TV.Most early TV broadcasts were made using a system developed by John Logie Baird in the UK.However, his system was very primitive and had many drawbacks.An American, Philo Farnsworth, made important breakthroughs in the development of TV in the late 1920s and early 1930s.Modern TVs use many of the principles first discovered by Farnsworth.John Logic Baird constructed the first colour TV in 1928, but it was not until 1938 that the first colour TV programme was broadcast.It took more than two decades, though, until 1951, for regular colour TV broadcasts to begin in the USA.Regular colour TV broadcasts were delayed in the UK until 1967.However, within a short time nearly all TV broadcasts were made in colour, and within five years more colour TVs than black-and-white TVs were being used.The modern age：satellite TV Satellites were used to broadcast TV beginning in 1962.Satellites allow TV to be broadcast live over vast distances, with everyone receiving the same broadcast at the same time.They also make TV accessible to people who live far away from cities, and satellite dishes can often be seen distributed throughout the countryside and remote areas.Of course, only a small percentage of people own satellite dishes.However, most people still benefit from satellite TV, as local TV companies broadcast the signals they get from satellite receivers to the population living nearby.Early history of sound recorders It all began in 1877, when Thomas Edison made the first recording of a human voice on his invention, the record player.Early record players used round tubes to record on.However, in 1887 Emile Berliner, a German living in the USA, invented a record player that used discs as alternatives to tubes, and so the modern record player was born.The first record players had to be wound up by hand and only played records that were two minutes long.Times surely have changed!

Sound and video recorders In 1928, the first tape recorders used to copy sound were made in Germany.Most early recorders employed steel tape to record on, which made them heavy and difficult to use, or paper tape, which was easier to use but often broke.It was not until the early 1950s that most tape recorders began using plastic tape as they do today.Meanwhile, electrical components eventually became so small that, by the late 1960s, portable cassette players were developed, along with video recorders which were used by TV stations.By the late 1970s, video recorders small and cheap enough for home use were introduced.Sound and video go digital In 1982, the first CDs were made available.CDs are often used for storing and playing music because they have a much better sound quality than traditional records and cassettes.In 1993, the VCD was born, and in 1995, the DVD was invented.The DVD is now the standard for recording

M7U1 READING and playing back video.The future With the development of digital technology, sound and video can now be stored on a PC, on the Internet, or using some form of portable storage.This will soon make records, cassette recorders, CDs, DVDs and even TVs things of the past.Technology is now changing faster than most people can keep pace with.Who can foresee what the future will bring?

Project

To phone or not to phone? In the USA, the Amish--a Christian group--are famous because they drive carriages instead of cars, do not use TVs or refrigerators, and do not have personal telephones.Many people assume the Amish must have religious reasons for their many rules, but this is not true.In truth, whenever a new technology is introduced, the Amish meet and discuss its advantages and disadvantages.They then vote on whether they will accept it.The Amish reject cars because they like having tight communities where everyone lives close together.They have no TVs or refrigerators because their homes do not have electricity--they do not think it is necessary and dislike dealing with strangers, such as the people who work at the electric company.Since the Amish value seeing each other face to face, they oppose having telephones in their houses.However, in each community there is often a small building that has a telephone for emergencies.The telephone is very convenient for communication, and most people in the world today cannot live without it.However, maybe the Amish have a valid point.Which is more of a friend, someone you often talk to over the phone or someone you often talk to face to face? And, if you need help, who can help you better, someone far away or someone in the room with you? There is something important about being together and sharing life that cannot be found over a telephone wire.There are other disadvantages to the telephone, as well.For example, no matter what the circumstances, when the phone rings, everything stops so that the call can be answered.Your family could be eating dinner or chatting together, yet this will be interrupted.However, most phone calls are not really that important;certainly, they could not be more important than family time.Then, when you are absorbed in a book or simply trying to rest, the phone always seems to be ringing, destroying whatever peace you might have.However, the person calling is often merely a salesman or someone who has dialled the wrong number.With mobile phones, these problems increase.How many times have you been talking with a friend, only for your friend to interrupt the conversation to answer a call? For some reason, a typical mobile phone call is nearly always given greater importance than a face-to-face conversation.Yet, once again, most mobile phone calls are about rather small matters.When asked later what the call was about, your friend always answers, 'Oh, nothing really.' If the call was really about 'nothing', then why was it so important as to interrupt your conversation and waste your precious time?

Of course, using the mobile phone for text messages is the worst.In one study, girls average 80 text messages a day, and boys average 30.What do people talk about in text messages? While these messages always seem important at the time, most people cannot really remember them the next day.Phones and text messages focus on building relationships with many people.However，M7U1 READING these relationships are often quite shallow.Many teenagers say that while they have a lot of friends, they really have no best friend.The use of technology for communication rather than talking face to face is one reason why this is true.Meanwhile, real relationships are often sacrificed, and whatever personal peace one has is destroyed whenever the phone rings.The Amish in general have a higher degree of mental health than most people.They have very calm and stable lives because they value community and living in peace above all else, especially new technology.Maybe they are right.Maybe we should throw all of our phones into the dustbin, along with our cars and TVs for good measure.Maybe we should rid ourselves of modern technology and return to simpler times.What's that?...Sorry, I have to go.The phone's ringing...影像和声音设备的发展

电视的早期历史

无线电视传输节目于1925年在美国首次公开播出。随后在1928年，英美两国之间第一次实现了远距离电视播送。之后不久便开始定期向公众播放，在纽约的开播时间是1928年5月11日，在伦敦的开播时间是1929年8月20日。

很多不同的人对电视的发展做出了贡献。早期电视大多使用有英国人约翰洛吉贝尔德开发的系统。然而，他的系统非常原始，有许多缺点。20世纪20年代末和30年代初，美国人斐洛法恩斯沃斯在电视的研发上取得了重大突破。现代电视机使用了许多由法恩斯沃斯首先发现的原理。

约翰洛吉贝尔德于1928年制造出第一台彩色电视机，但直到1938年第一个彩色电视节目才播出。彩色电视节目到1951年才得以在美国定期播出，其间经历了二十多年的时间。在英国，定期的彩色电视节目的播出一直延迟至1967年。然而，在短时间内，几乎所有的电视节目都被制作成了彩色的，不出五年，彩色电视机的使用率就超过了黑白电视机。当代：卫星电视

卫星用于播送电视节目始于1962年。卫星让远距离直播电视节目成为可能，大家在同一时间可以收到相同的电视节目。它们也使远离城市的人们可以收看电视，在农村和边远地区经常可以看到卫星天线。当然，只有一小部分人拥有自己的卫星天线。然而，大多数人仍然受益于卫星电视，因为当地的电视公司把从卫星接收器接收到的信号传送给附近的居民。录音机的早期历史

一切始于1877年，这一年托马斯爱迪生用他发明的留声机第一次录制了人的声音。早期的录音机是使用圆管记录声音的。然而，在1887年，一位侨居美国的德国人埃米尔贝利纳发明了使用唱片来代替圆管的留声机，这样现代录音机就诞生了。最早的留声机必须手摇上发条，而且只能播放两分钟长的录音。时代确实已经改变！录音机和录像机

1928年，第一批磁带录音机在德国制造出来。大多数最早的录音机用钢质磁带或者纸质磁带录音。钢质磁带很沉，使用起来困难；纸质磁带用起来虽方便，但常常破损。直到20世纪50年代初，大多数录音机才开始使用塑料磁带，就跟现在一样。同时，电器元件最终变得很小，到60年代后期，便携式录音机被研制出来，电视台使用的录像机也随之出现。到了20世纪70年代末，足够小巧而价廉的家用录像机被采用。声音和视频数字化

1982年，最早的CD光盘出现了。它们通常用来存储和播放音乐，其音质远远胜过任何传统的唱片和卡带录音机。1993年VCD诞生，1995年DVD问世。目前，DVD是标准的视频录制和回放设备。

M7U1 READING 未来展望

随着数字技术的发展，声音和视频现在可以储存在个人电脑上、互联网上，或使用某种形式的便携式储存设备储存。这将很快使唱片、卡带录音机、CD、DVD甚至电视成为过去。技术变革快得大多数人难以跟上。谁能预见未来会带来什么呢?

打电话还是不打？

在美国，阿曼门诺派（一个基督教团体）很有名，因为这个教派的教徒不开汽车而使用非机动车，不用电视和冰箱，也没有私人电话。许多人认为阿曼门诺派有这么多规矩，肯定是因为宗教原因，但事实并非如此。实际上，每当出现一项新技术，阿曼门诺派教徒便开会讨论其优点和缺点。然后，他们投票决定是否要接受它。阿曼门诺派教徒拒绝汽车，因为他们喜欢享有关系紧密的社区，在这里大家一起住得很近。他们没有电视机和电冰箱，因为他们的家没有电——他们认为电力并非必需，而且他们不喜欢与陌生人打交道，例如那些在电力公司工作的人。

由于阿曼门诺派教徒重视彼此面对面地交往，他们反对在住宅里装电话。然而在每个社区常常有一个小亭子，里面有一部紧急电话。

电话非常便于沟通，当今世界上大多数人的生活都离不开它。然而，也许阿曼门诺派教徒有个合理的观点。哪一个更像是朋友呢：是你在电话中经常交谈的某个人，还是你经常面对面地交谈的某个人？还有，如果你需要帮助，谁能更好地帮助你呢：是远方的某个人，还是与你同处一室的某个人？在一起并分享生活，其中蕴藏着某种重要的东西，而这种东西是无法通过电话线获得的。

电话还有其他缺点。例如，无论在什么情况下，当电话铃声响起时，为了能接电话，一切都要停下来。你们一家人可能正在一起吃晚饭或聊天，这却会被电话打断。然而，大多数电话不是真的那么重要。它们当然不会比与家人在一起共度时光更重要。还有，当你专注地看一本书或者只想休息时，电话似乎总是响个不停，打破了你本来可以享有的一切安宁。可打电话的人常常只是一名推销员或拨错了号码的某个人。

有了移动电话，这样的问题就更多了。有多少次你正在与一位朋友交谈，可是仅仅为了接一个电话，你的朋友就中断了交谈呢？由于某种原因，一个平常的手机来电几乎总是被赋予比面对面交谈更多的重要性。不过，话又说回来，大部分的手机来电只涉及相当微不足道的事情。当事后被问及来电是有关什么事时，你的朋友总是回答说：“噢，其实也没什么事。”如果来电真的是“没什么事”，那么它为什么如此重要以至于打断你们的交谈，并浪费你们的宝贵时间呢？

当然，用手机发短信是最糟的事。在一项调查中，女孩平均每天发80条短信，男孩平均发30条。人们在短信中谈论什么呢？尽管这些短信在当时总是看似重要，但第二天大多数人并不能真的记得它们。电话和短信意在与许多人建立感情关系。然而，这样建立起来的交情常常是相当浅的。许多青少年说，虽然他们有很多朋友，但事实上他们却没有最好的朋友。之所以会这样，一个原因就是通信技术的应用代替了面对面的交谈。同时，真正的关系往往被牺牲了，而且，每当电话铃声响起时，个人所拥有的任何宁静都会被打破。

总的说来，阿曼门诺派教徒的心理健康程度高于大多数人。他们过着非常平静而稳定的生活，因为他们看重社区和宁静生活，并视其高于其他的一切，特别是新技术。也许他们是对的。也许我们应该把所有的电话连同小汽车和电视机一起扔进垃圾箱。也许我们应该使我们自己摆脱现代技术，回到更为简单的时代。

那是什么？„„对不起，我得走了。我的电话响了„„

M7U1 READING

This article will focus on two drugs that started revolutions in medicine.If you open up any medicine cupboard or go to any medicine counter in the world, it is likely that you will find aspirin and penicillin.Both of these medicines have saved millions of people's lives and have proved beneficial to mankind since they were invented.Aspirin Aspirin was invented in 1897.However, the basic chemical used to make aspirin can be found in nature.Nearly 3,500 years ago, people chewed on leaves or drank a kind of tea made from leaves possessing a special chemical to reduce body pains and fever.About 2,500 years ago, the Greek physician Hippocrates, father of all doctors, made a juice from a tree bark containing salicylic acid for the same effect.It was in 1897 that a European chemist called Dr Felix Hoffmann produced aspirin from this chemical.The first trials of this medicine took place in 1899, when the company Hoffmann worked for began distributing the medicine in powder form to physicians to use with patients.A year later, in 1900, aspirin was sold in shops in the form of tablets.Within a short time, aspirin became the best-selling medicine in the world for pain relief Not only has aspirin proved vital for reducing fever and helping stop pain, but there are also other things that aspirin can help with.Lawrence Craven, a doctor from the USA, introduced the idea in 1953 that aspirin had the potential to reduce the risk of heart attacks, because it helped the blood circulate better.The report was ignored.However, in 1971, Smith and Willis from the UK proved that aspirin could have that effect, and in 1977 a study carried out in the USA showed that aspirin could prevent strokes, as well.Eleven years later, Dr Thun from the USA showed that aspirin could reduce the risk of some cancers by 40 per cent.In 1999, aspirin was over 100 years

old, and yet there have been more discoveries about how it can help increase the length of people's lives.In 2003, a Chinese doctor, Dr Yuan Minsheng, found that aspirin could reduce blood sugar levels and, therefore, help people with diabetes.Another drug that has helped increase the standard of people's health is penicillin, which is considered by many to be one of the most important medicines in contemporary society.It was discovered by a Scottish scientist named Alexander Fleming in 1928.He noted that a dish in which he was trying to grow bacteria for an experiment looked abnormal--there was blue mould in it.It astonished him to see the bacteria surrounding the mould dead, which meant that the mould had killed them.Fleming tried this mould out on another bacterium and found that it killed the bacterium too.He immediately realized that the mould might have an application in treating illnesses caused by bacteria.He named the liquid made from the mould 'penicillin'.However, the development of penicillin as a drug faced two problems.First, he was unable to find a procedure to make penicillin pure

M7U1 READING enough to work as a medicine.Second, it was difficult to produce penicillin in the ample quantities needed to be effective.In 1940, two other scientists, Howard Florey(Australian)and Ernst Chain(German-born English), helped solve these problems, and managed to make and test the new drug in large quantities.Since the new drug was needed for World War II, the government approval process for penicillin was accelerated, and mass production began in 1944.Due to the widespread use of penicillin, many lives were saved during the war.If penicillin had not been available, many people would have died from sickness or even small wounds.Penicillin became the greatest drug of the 20th century, saving millions of lives.In 1945, the three scientists, Fleming, Florey and Chain, shared the Nobel Prize in Medicine for their work.Magic needles: Chinese acupuncture One of the most famous Chinese medical treatments is the art of 'magic needles', or Chinese acupuncture.It was developed long ago, perhaps as early as 2000 BC.There is evidence that acupuncture began during the Stone Age, when stone tools called bian(砭)were used to press areas of the body.As acupuncture developed, the simple bian stones were replaced by stone needles.Eventually, metal needles began to appear and took their place.There were nine different kinds of needles.These included a needle with a head like an arrow, used for making shallow holes in the surface of the skin;a needle with a round tip, used for pressing the tissue under the skin;a dull needle, used for tapping against pressure points;and a needle like a small sword, used for letting liquid out of body parts which had swollen up.These needles could be made of different metals, such as gold and silver.Some acupuncturists today still use gold and silver needles, but the majority use only stainless steel ones.The main needle now used for acupuncture is fine and sharp.Most of the others have been replaced by more complex medical instruments.For example, the needle looking like a sword has been replaced by a sharp knife that doctors use in operations.Acupuncture uses stainless steel needles that are put into the skin at certain points on the body so that a disease can be cured or a health problem solved.These points are called acupuncture points.When acupuncture was first practised, there were 365 such points.The number of acupuncture points was the same as the number of days in a year.However, over the last 2,000 years, this number has gradually increased to about 2,000.Some acupuncturists insert needles at or near the body part affected by the disease, while others select points according to the symptoms that the patient has.If you go to an acupuncturist, he or she will ask you questions about your medical history and your way of life.The acupuncturist will look at the colour of your skin and your tongue, listen to your breathing, and check your pulses.M7U1 READING Western medicine only recognizes one pulse which indicates the heartbeat.However, according to traditional Chinese medicine, there are twelve different pulses, six on each wrist, and every one of them is connected with a major body organ or its function.By checking all the pulses, the acupuncturist can find out which energy channel does not have enough energy.Some of the medical problems that can be treated by acupuncture include severe pains, headaches, injuries, stomach problems and high blood pressure.Some people have also used acupuncture to treat smokers, alcoholics and people who are addicted to drugs.How acupuncture reduces pain is not clear.One theory explaining this phenomenon suggests that acupuncture blocks pain signals from reaching the brain.Another theory relates acupuncture to the production of chemicals in the body which reduce pain.A lot of people now subscribe to these theories.As a unique contribution of traditional Chinese medicine, acupuncture spread to many other Asian countries, such as Japan, as early as the 6th century.It was introduced to the West in the 17th century.Today acupuncture has become popular round the world, as have other traditional Chinese medicines.The World Health Organization recommends acupuncture as a good treatment for over forty medical problems.While doubts about its safety have faded away, interest continues to grow.My name is Zhu Fei and I am speaking in favour of the Internet I believe that the Internet has positive effects on our lives.There are two main points which must be included when we analyse the Internet.The first is its value for people who are looking for information.The second is our ability to relate to others through the Intemet.When people need information, from the news and weather forecasts to travel packages and academic research, the Internet is now the first source they turn to.With the touch of a button or the click of a mouse, a student will find abundant information from the largest libraries and museums in the world at his or her command.Internet users can communicate with experts on all sorts of topics, and read articles written by people who are leaders of their fields.Yet, some people are sceptical.They claim that surfing the Internet is a waste of time.They make the assumption that children spend too much time chatting and playing games instead of focusing on their school work.However, a recent survey conducted in the USA shows that 80 per cent of Intemet users employ it mostly to search for answers to questions.The second most common use of the Internet, for 79 per cent of Internet users, is to find out information about hobbies.These statistics prove that gathering information is the primary use for the Internet.M7U1 READING Another truly wonderful aspect of the Internet is the way people use it to build social bonds.One of the greatest benefits of Internet friendships is that they are based on common interests, rather than appearance or age.Young people from diverse backgrounds and different countries can form friendships that will last their entire lives.What is more, people who are disabled and must stay in their homes can correspond and communicate with others around the globe who have similar interests.Without the Internet, these people would have fewer avenues to meet people.For these reasons, I believe the Internet is a positive tool that helps make our lives better.Unit 3

The Internet has negative effects on our lives My name is Li Lei and I will be speaking against the Internet.In my opinion, the Internet has negative effects on our lives.The main drawbacks of the Internet I will address today are that it has too much information that has not been evaluated for accuracy, and that it is transforming the way people spend their time.Of course, access to up-to-date, accurate information is an important thing for anyone who is doing research.One great strength of the Internet is that it provides information.One great weakness of the Internet, though, is that it is difficult to know whether the information is true and accurate.The huge amount of false information on the Internet becomes more of a problem every day.This is very troublesome because we cannot always tell if the information is true or not.In 2003, eBay, a famous website where people buy and sell things, said that 70 per cent of their problems were with people who sold things that did not exist, or who lied about the products they were selling.Educators around the world complain that students are handing in papers using false information they found on the Internet.These problems do not occur as often when people use traditional reference materials, such as books, newspapers and magazines.Another disadvantage of the Internet is the way that it is affecting people's private lives.Now, instead of spending time together in the evening, some families spend their time apart because one or more members are using the computer, or are in a booth at an Internet cafe.In fact, some young people spend so much time playing computer games on the Internet that they have become addicted to them.To help solve this problem, a special clinic was opened in Beijing in 2005.One unfortunate outcome of Internet use is that it damages people's ability to live normal lives.One university did a study about the students who had dropped out, and found that 43 per cent of them were heavy internet users.This study shows that people who spend too much time on the Internet tend to withdraw from the people and the world round them.These are all negative effects the Internet has on our lives.I feel it is important for us either to limit our use of the Internet, or to learn how to handle the

M7U1 READING problems it has caused.Unit 3 Reading

因特网对我们生活的影响

因特网对我们的生活有正面影响

我叫朱飞，我代表支持因特网的一方发言。也就是说，我认为因特网对我们的生活有正面 的影响。我们对因特网进行分析时，必须包含两个要点：第一个是因特网对于搜索信息的人具

有的价值；第二个是我们通过因特网与他人建立联系的能力。

当人们需要信息时，无论是时事新闻、天气预报还是包价旅游和学术研究，因特网如今是

很多人的首选信息源。一名学生轻按键盘键或点击鼠标，就能从世界上最大的图书馆和博物馆

中找到大量信息，加以使用。因特网使用者能与专家就各种话题进行交流，也可以阅读各个领

Project

Researching on the Internet The Internet is the fastest growing source of information in the world today.There are, however, some things to keep in mind when you use it to do research.Before you sit down at a computer terminal, read this brief guide to make sure that you use the Internet in the best way possible.Step one : choosing a search srvice Let's start by looking at the two services you can choose between to assist you in your search: search engines and subject directories.Both give you direct links, but the information is chosen and organized in different ways.Search engines Search engines are a type of computer program.The links that you get are not classified by subject.These engines search the Internet for you based on the key words you type in, and choose web pages for you which contain the words you ask for.The contents they search have not been evaluated.This means that the information has never been checked--it could be reliable, true information or false information written by a person without qualifications or someone who does not have solid facts.The links you obtain from the search engines go to full articles or pages.This requires you to be patient as you have to read the information to decide whether it is linked to what you are researching.Examples of famous search engines are Google, Yahoo and Baidu.You can also go to the www.xiexiebang.com website and check their list of search engines.Subject directories Subject directories are built by humans.Someone has combed through pages and links and selected all those that are in the directory.The results of your search are

M7U1 READING divided into specific subject categories.You do not get the full pages to read.Instead, you get a bunch of titles of articles or pages and, sometimes, a short summary of the information they contain.You need to decide whether the information is useful to you on that basis.Most often, the information in subject directories has been evaluated, and someone has decided that the information is relevant and correct.Being relevant and correct, though, does not equal being up to date.There are several things to take into consideration when you are searching.1 Information gets old.Just as you might look at when a book was published, you

must also check the dates of the websites you find.Many websites will say, at the bottom of the page, the date when they were last updated.Do not use information that is too old.2 People put information on the Internet.Usually, people try to put correct information on the Internet, but not every person bothers to read over their own writing and make corrections.As a general rule, check the source of the information you find.Personal web pages are not recommended for doing research.Government pages or pages managed by organizations and companies you trust are much better.If you are not sure about the information you find, consult other web pages to confirm it.3 The way you type your key words makes a difference.If you use the plus symbol '+', it means the same as the word 'and'.You can search for 'bird + sparrow' and the results of your search will only be pages that have both the words 'bird' and 'sparrow' in them.A minus symbol '-' means the same as 'not', so if you want to learn about birds but you do not want any information about sparrows, you could type 'bird-sparrow'.Then your results will be all the pages that have the word 'bird', but not ones that have the word 'sparrow'.If you type 'bird OR sparrow', then your results will be web pages that have information about birds or sparrows.Step Three: using your information Remember that someone wrote the information you have found.This means those words belong to them.To copy the words just as you found them is not only cheating, but also illegal.Write an outline of the information you have found.Then write your report, using your own words and making your own decisions about what it means.When you are finished, you should always acknowledge where you got your data by attaching a list of the websites you got your information from.This way, a teacher can check them, and an interested friend can also read what you read.Follow these tips, and your time spent doing research on the Internet will be much more worthwhile.Happy searching!

Unit 4

The first underground in the world Welcome to the London Underground, or as it is usually known, the tube.It

M7U1 READING has the distinction of being the oldest and most complex underground system in the world.Rail services to London were first developed during the first half of the 19th century.However, most trains to London only went to the outer city limits, because building railway tracks into the city would have damaged many old buildings.Horse-drawn buses, trams, cabs and carriages were used to convey people to and around the city centre.Unfortunately, the number of vehicles on the road caused unbelievable traffic jams, and the roads became so busy that no one could travel anywhere.This traffic problem led to the development of the underground system.In 1854, the British government gave approval to the construction by the Metropolitan Railway Company of an underground railway in the centre of London, between Paddington and Farringdon, via King's Cross, St Pancras and Euston.However, new trains had to be developed and the plan required raising a large amount of money, so the digging was postponed until 1860.The initial tunnels were opened in 1863 and were just beneath the surface of the ground.Passengers were transported in carriages without windows, which were pulled through the narrow tunnels by steam engines.In 1868, the next section of the underground system was opened in the south of London by another company called the Metropolitan District Railway.Sixteen years later, in 1884, the Metropolitan Railway Company and the Metropolitan District Railway linked up and provided underground service in the middle of the city.This later became the Circle Line.Because of the smoke from the steam engines, early underground lines needed large holes leading to the surface at regular intervals, so that people could get fresh air and would not choke.As better ways for digging tunnels were developed, the first railway tunnel under the River Thames was dug in 1884.These new ways of digging accelerated the pace of the London Underground's development.The City and South London Railway opened the first electric underground railway in 1890.Over the next twenty-five years, six independent deep underground lines were

constructed.Travelling on these lines was not convenient, though, as each line was possessed by a different company, and many were very far from each other.Having seen the situation, a wealthy American businessman, Charles Yerkes, undertook the job of improving the system in 1902 by obtaining ownership of the many different lines and setting up the Underground Electric Railways Company of London.In 1933, a public organization called the London Passenger Transport Board was created.The Underground Electric Railways Company of London, the Metropolitan Line and all the different bus and train lines were placed under the authority of the Board.This organization eventually became London Transport.Between 1918 and 1938, many new stations were constructed, the most famous of which were designed by an architect named Charles Holden.The underground system had some unusual uses during World War II.When London was bombed, many underground stations functioned as bomb

M7U1 READING shelters.A new line was used as an underground airplane factory, an underground station was used as a centre for directing the defence against air attacks, and the station nearest the Prime Minister's house was used by the Prime Minister as meeting rooms for the administration of government.After World War II ended in 1945, more people travelled on the underground, so the system was enlarged and more lines were added, including the Victoria Line, which was linked with other lines at almost every station.This helped make the system more user-friendly.The last line added was the Jubilee Line, which was opened in 1979 in honour of the twenty-fifth anniversary of Elizabeth II becoming the queen.The London underground system is working to transport huge numbers of people as it has done for many years.Over three million people travel on the underground every day.The network of the underground system includes twelve lines and now goes twenty-six miles out of central London.So, why not take a trip on the oldest underground system today? Visit our ticket office and buy one of the travel cards that permit you to travel all over the underground system.Project

Traffic Accidents and Road Safety The number of road accidents and the deaths arising from those accidents has increased over the past year.This notice is aimed at increasing people's knowledge of the problem.We must all be aware of the potential causes of traffic accidents and act to prevent them.This is true of everyone as accidents affect drivers of vehicles as well as cyclists and pedestrians.We all have a responsibility to prevent accidents.Below are some of the major causes of road accidents in connection with vehicles such as cars, minibuses and lorries, and what drivers should do to prevent them.▲Drivers not paying attention--This is the most common cause of accidents.When drivers do not pay attention to surrounding traffic, they are not ready when another driver does something wrong, like turning without signalling or giving wrong signals.▲Drivers getting annoyed in a traffic jam--Many drivers are aggressive and push into other lanes of traffic or pass other cars.These are both very dangerous because they can result in crashes.▲Drivers speaking on mobile phones--Recently the number of people freed for speaking on their mobile phones while driving has increased by 30 per cent.Speaking on the phone requires a person to concentrate and takes a driver's attention from the road.▲Drinking and driving--If you drive after you have consumed alcoholic drinks or are drunk, you are violating the law and risking your own life as well as the lives of others.If you are with someone who has been drinking alcohol, even if it is just a couple of beers, do not allow them to drive.▲Drivers speeding--Speed kills.This is a fact that is easily ignored, but

M7U1 READING driving too fast through city streets is very dangerous.Our city streets are always crowded with people, cars and bicycles.Drivers have to take the responsibility to watch out for people crossing the road, especially senior citizens who may not be able to walk very fast and young children who may not look before stepping into the road.Drivers should be careful near schools in particular, because there are likely to be many children.On the next page are some of the chief causes of road accidents related to cyclists and pedestrians, and what they should do to prevent accidents.●--Many cyclists fail to pay attention to the cars that surround them, and often ride too close to cars to allow them space and time to stop.Some cyclists make the assumption that traffic laws do not apply to them, but this is not true.Cyclists should always signal at turnings and stay on the correct side of the road.●--Sometimes bicycles are allowed on the pavement, but cycling on the pavement can be dangerous to pedestrians.When on the pavement, cyclists should walk next to their bicycles to avoid causing any accidents.●--Carrying more than a light load on your bicycle makes it more difficult to control.This lack of control is an invitation to accidents.●--It is recommended to have a light on your bicycle at night.Check your light regularly to make sure it works, as many accidents are caused at night because a bicycle cannot be seen.●--Another cause of accidents is that bicycles are not kept in good condition.Often brakes do not work properly or tyres are so old that the bicycle cannot stop in time.●--Road safety is important for pedestrians too.They should remember to be cautious, and look both ways and listen for cars that they might not be able to see.Pedestrians should always cross the road on a crossing, and should never run across the road.Parents and teachers have a responsibility to teach children how to cross the road safely.●--Traffic lights are there to guide traffic in a reasonable way.Pedestrians, cyclists and drivers should all obey traffic lights, stopping when the light is red and waiting for it to turn green to go.It is up to all of us road users to make sure that we avoid accidents by paying attention to road safety.两种挽救生命的药物

这篇文章将着重讲述两种引发了医学革命的药物。倘若你打开世界上的任何一个药柜,或者走到任何一个卖药的柜台,都可能找到阿司匹林和青霉素。自这两种药被发明以来,它们已挽救了数百万人的性命,并已证实对人类有益。阿司匹林

M7U1 READING 阿司匹林发明于1897年。但是,用于制造阿司匹林的基本化学物质却可在自然界中找到。将近3500年前,人们咀嚼一种含有特殊化学物质的树叶或饮用这种树叶制成的茶,以减轻身体疼痛、退烧。大约2500年前,医生之父、古希腊医师希波克拉底就用一种树皮制成汁,这种汁含有水杨酸,也有同样的功效。1897年,一位名叫费利克斯·霍夫曼的欧洲药剂师提取这种化学物质,制成了阿司匹林。对该药进行的首批试验发生于1899年。当时,霍夫曼供职的公司开始将这种药以粉末形式分发给医师,以在病人身上使用。一年之后,即1900年,阿司匹林被制成片剂在药店出售。很快,阿司匹林成了世界上最畅销的止痛药。

阿司匹林不仅被证明对于退烧和止痛必不可少,而且还有其他用途。美国医生劳伦斯,克雷文在1953年提出一个观点,即阿司匹林可能有助于降低心脏病发作的风险,因为它能改善血液循环。该报告并未引起人们的注意。但是,1971年,英国医生史密斯和威利斯证实阿司匹林的确有此功效。1977年,美国的一项研究表明,阿司匹林还能预防中风。11年后,美国医生图恩证明,阿司匹林可以降低某些癌症40%的发病率。到1999年,阿司匹林已有一百多年的历史,但是在它如何能够帮助延年益寿方面仍然有更多的发现。2003年,中国医生袁敏生发现,阿司匹林可以降低血糖水平,从而帮助糖尿病患者。

2013-2014第一学期高三期末参考答案

听力: 1-5: CBCAC

6-10:BCCAC

11-15: CAAAB

16-20:CABCB 单选: 21-15: AABDC:

26-30: DADCB

31-35: DBDBD 完形: 36-40: BDAAB

41-45: DCAAB

46-50: ABDAD

51-55: ACADA 阅读: 56-58: BCB

59-62: ACDB

63-66: CCDB

67-70: ADDB 71.Definition

72.following

73.site(place)

74.two(2)

75.similarly 76.first

77.depth

78.weighing

79.functions

80.contact Dear classmates，Recently, the topic of whether English should be tested in a reformed way has been heatedly discussed.Many believe the current evaluation procedures hinder students' comprehensive abilities and therefore argue for a reform.Personally, I am against this point of view.There are numerous reasons why I think so, but today I would only explore some of them.Firstly, I don't think our comprehensive abilities are hindered.To my knowledge, many of my classmates are good at all the four skills of English.Moreover, the current testing system is nothing but the fairest way for students to get selected for college study.Admittedly, there is pressure nowadays.But who can guarantee a new testing method will spare us from pressure?

As to the development of comprehensive language abilities, I believe the only solution is we students practice more, either listening and reading or speaking and writing.Only in this way can we learn English in an effective way.That's all.I appreciate your attention.(152 words)

两种挽救生命的药物

这篇文章将着重讲述两种引发了医学革命的药物。倘若你打开世界上的任何一个药柜，或者走到任何一一个卖药的柜台，都“可能找到阿司匹林和青霉素。自这两种药被发明以来，它们已挽救了数百万人的性命，并已证实对人类有益。

阿司匹林

阿司匹林发明于1 897年。但是，用于制造阿司匹林的基本化学物质却可存自然界中找到。将近3500年前，人们咀嚼一种含有特殊化学物质的树叶或饮用这种树叶制成的茶，以减轻身体疼痛或退烧。大约2500年前，医生之父、占希腊医师希波克拉底就用一种树皮制成汁，这种汁含有水杨酸，也有同样的功效。1897年，一位名叫费利克斯·霍夫曼的欧洲药剂师提取这种化学物质，制成了阿司匹林。对该药进行的首批试验发生在18 99年。当时，M7U1 READING 霍夫曼供职的公司开始将这种药以粉末形式分发给医师，在病人身上使用。

一年之后，即1 900年，阿司匹林被制成片剂在药店出售。很快，阿司匹林成了世界上最畅销的止痛药。

阿司匹林不仅被证明对于遐烧和I}：痛必不可少，而且还有其他用途。美国医生劳伦斯-克

雷文在19 53年提出一个观点，即阿司匹林可能有助f降低心脏病发作的风险，网为它能改善血

液循环。该报告并未引起人f『】的沣意。似是，1971年，英团医牛史密斯和威利斯证实阿司匹林 的确有此功效。19 77年，美国的一项研究表明，阿i订匹林还能预防中风。11年后，美国医生图

恩证明，阿司匹林可以降低某些癌症40％的发病率。到1999年，阿司旺林已有一百多年的历史，但是在它如何能够帮助延年益寿方面仍然有更多的发现。2003年，中国医生袁敏生发现，阿司

匹林可以降低血糖水平，从而帮助糖尿病患者。

青霉素

另外一种帮助人们提高健康水平的药物是青镖素。许多人认为这种药是当代社会最重要的药物之

。它是由·名叫亚历山夫·弗莱uJj的苏格土-科学家于1928年发现的。他注意到一个碟

子看起来有些异常～一为了做实验，他试冈任这个碟子中培育细菌一一它里面有蓝色的霉。使

他十分惊讶的是，他看到这种霉周闹的细菌都死了，这意味着是这种霉杀死了它们。弗莱明将

这种霉用存另外一种细菌上做试验，发现它同样杀死了那种细菌。他立刻意识到这种霉或许能

用于治疗由细菌引起的疾病。他将山这种霉制成的液体命名为“青霉素”。然而，青霉素的药物

研发面临两个难题。首先，他难以找到一种办法来提纯药用的青霉素。第■，难以牛产出足量 的青霉素以产生药效。1 940年，另外两辊科学家，澳大利亚人霍华德·弗洛里和德裔英国人恩

斯特·钱恩，帮助解决了这些问题，并设法人量制造和试用这一新药。由于这种新药为第—一次

世界大战所需，政府批准程序得以加快，火批量生产始f 1 944年。正因为青霉素的广泛应用，战争期间的很多牛命得以挽救。如果没有青霉素，很多人会死于疾病，甚至是很小的伤口。青

霉素挽救了无数人的性命，成了-卜世纪敲r小起的药物。

由下他们的工作成果，弗浆明、弗洛甲J和饯崽于1945年共例扶得_r诺贝尔医学奖。

影像和声音设备的发展

电视的早期历史

无线电视传输节目于1925年在美国首次公开播出。随后在1928年，英美两国之间第一

M7U1 READING 次实

现了远距离电视播送。之后不久便开始定期向公众播放，在纽约的开播时间是1928年5月11日，在伦敦的开播时间是1929年8月20日。

很多不同的人对电视的发展做出了贡献。早期电视大多使用由英国人约翰·洛吉·贝尔德

开发的系统。然而，他的系统非常原始，有许多缺点。20世纪20年代末和30年代初，美国人斐 洛。法恩斯沃斯在电视的研发上取得了重大突破。现代电视机使用了许多由法恩斯沃斯首先发

现的原理。

约翰-洛占·贝尔德于1928年制造出第一台彩色电视机，但直到1938年第一个彩色电视节

目才播m。彩色电视节目到1 9 51年才‘得以在美国定期播出，其间经历了二卜多年的时间。在英

国，定期的彩色电}见节目的播出一直延迟至l 967年。然而，在短时间内，几乎所有的电视节目

都被制作成了彩色的，／f：Ⅲ五年，彩色电视机的使用率就超过了黑白电视机。

当代：卫星电视

卫星用于播送电视节目始于1962年。卫星让远距离直播电视节目成为可能，大家在同一时

间可以收到相同的电视节目。它们也使远离城市的人们可以收看电视，在农村和边远地区经常

可以看到卫星天线。当然，只有一小部分人拥有自己的卫星天线。然而，大多数人仍然受益于

卫星电视，因为当地的电视公司把从卫星接收器接收到的信号传送给附近的居民。

录音机的早期历史

一切始于1877年，这一年托马斯·爱迪生用他发明的留声机第一次录制了人的声音。早期 的录音机是使用圆管己录声音的。然而，存1 8 87年，一位侨居美国的德国人埃米尔·贝利纳发

明了使用唱片来代替圆管的留声机，这样现代录音机就诞生了。最早的留声机必须手摇上发条，而且只能播放两分钟长的录音。时代确实已经改变!

录音机和录像机

1928年，第一批磁带录音机在德固制造出来。大多数最早的录音机用钢质磁带或者纸质磁

带录音。钢质磁带很沉，使用起来困难；纸质磁带用起来虽方便，但常常破损。直到20世纪50 年代初，大多数录音机才开始使用塑料磁带，就跟现在一样。同时，电器元件最终变得很小，到60年代后期，便携式录音机被研制出来，电视台使用的录像机也随之出现。到了20世纪70年

代末，足够小巧而价廉的家用录像机被采用。

声音和视频数字化

M7U1 READING 82年，最早的CD光盘出现了。它们通常用来存储和播放音乐，其音质远远胜过任何传统 的唱片和卡带录音机。1 993年VCD诞生，1995年DVD问世。目前，DVD是标准的视频录制和回 放设备。

第三篇：中英文对照A

《美国口语惯用法例句集粹》Ａ

A(Page 1-4)

1.about

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)

7)I'd like to know what this is all about.我想知道这到底是怎么回事。How about a fish sandwich? 来一块鱼肉三明治怎么样？What about me? 我怎么样？I'm not about to go in that old house.我是不会进那幢旧房子的！Yes I remember that night.What about it? 是的，我记得那个晚上，那又怎样？What's this all about? 这到底是怎么回事？It's about time you showed up!差不多是你该露面的时候了。

2.above

1)

2)Above all, I want everything quiet.首要的是：我要一切保持安定。Tom thinks he's above hard work.汤姆认为自己没必要努力工作。

3.act

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)Would you please act out what happened? 你能把发生的事演示一下吗？Watch Ricky.He sometimes likes to act up in class.注意里基，他又是喜欢在课堂上捣蛋。That profane comedian needs to clean up his act.那个爱说粗言秽语的喜剧演员应该净化一下自己的言行。We need to get our act together and come to see you.我们需要统一意见后来见你。The newspapers called the earthquake an act of God.报纸上称那次地震为天灾。Masa is a class act.玛莎是位杰出的女性。

4.action

1)

2)

3)

4)We're going to bring action against our debtors.我们打算控告我们的债务人。Did you see any action in yesterday's ballgame? 昨晚的棒球比赛中你看到有什么有趣的精彩场面吗？Our community is going to take action against the proposed waste dump.我地区要采取行动反对那项垃圾处理场的提案。Jim wants to go where the action is.吉姆想去有刺激性的地方。

5.advantage

1)

2)Our opponents have a height advantage on us.我们的对手在身高上比我们占有优势。Nobody likes to be taken advantage of.没有人喜欢被捉弄（或：被欺骗、利用）

6.after

1)

2)

3)

4)I think that girl is after you.我想那女孩是在追你。It looks like things are gonna work out after all.看起来事情终会解决的。This soft drink has a nasty aftertaste.这软饮料有种让人难受的余味。I see your point, but don't you think it's way after the fact.我明白你的意思，但你不觉

得这已是“事后诸葛亮”了吗？

7.again

1)I could go to Japan again and again.我可以一而再、再而三地去日本。（注：意指不会感到

厌倦）

8.age

1)

2)Would you please act your age!请你做事要有一个与自己年龄相称的样子。This is a “coming of age” movie.这是一部成人影片。

9.air

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)

7)

8)

9)I need to go outside and get some air.我需要出去呼吸点新鲜空气。I don't know what's wrong, but can feel it in the air.虽然我不知道到底是出了什么差错，但我能隐隐约约感觉到。Mike was sad when they took his favorite program off the air.当迈克喜欢的节目被取消时，他感到很伤心。The sale of our house is still up in the air.我们的房子出勤率售一事还没有最后定下来。After winning the championship, I felt I could walk on air.获得冠军后，我飘飘欲仙。Your sister is such an airhead.你姐姐真是来个没有头脑的人。Janet Jackson's new song is getting lots of airplay.珍妮〃杰克逊的新歌到处都在不断地播放。That last time I took a plane, I got airsick.上次我乘飞机时晕机了。I hope there's no bad air between us.我希望我们之间的关系不要很别扭。

10.all

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)

7)

8)

9)

10)

11)

12)

13)It's looks like we won't be going after all.看起来最后我们还是不能去。We've all but finished the project.我们已几乎完成了那个项目。All in all I'd say it's been a very productive day.总的来说，我认为这一天过得很充实。Let's go all-out and win this game!让我们尽全力来打赢这场比赛。We knew it was all over when we saw the building burst.当我们看见那座建筑突然起火时，我们知道一切全完了。We wish you all the best.我们大家祝福你一切如意。If it's all the same to you, I'd just as soon not go.如果这对你都是一回事的话，我就不想去了。They were running from the police like all get-out.他们以极快的速度逃脱警察的追赶。I didn't see them come in at all.我根本高没有发现他们的进来。Let's settle this matter once and for all.让我们来把这个问题一次性地彻底解决掉。Mark is an all-around athlete.马克是一个全能运动员。Did you get to play in the all-star game? 你入选全明星队的比赛了吗？He bloke the all-time record in the 100-meter run at his school.他打破了他所在的学校

100米跑的历史最高记录。

11.alley

1)Working on cars isn't up my alley.修理汽车不是我拿手的活儿。

12.alone

1)

2)I just wanna be left alone.我只是想一个人呆会儿。Can't you just leave well enough alone? 你不能少管一些闲事吗？

13.along

1)

2)You knew all along what was going on.你从一开始就知道所发生的事。Debbie doesn't get along with Steve.戴比和史蒂夫相处得不好。

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)Mr.Pak came here searching for the American dream.帕克先生来到这儿寻求他的“美国梦”。Some foreigners become Americanized while living in the U.S.一些外国人在美国居住时被美国化了。Not having any job freedom would be totally unAmerican.没有选择职业的自由是完全违背美国精神传统的。Bill is an all-American quarterback.比尔是全美（橄榄球）明星赛的四分卫队员。I just can't go on the American way.我无法适应美国方式。

15.animal

1)

2)Water-skiing really brings out the animal in Tom.滑水运动真正激发出了汤姆的活力与激情。The young actor emits a lot of animal magnetism on the screen.那个年轻演员在荧幕

上充分显示出他的性魅力。

16.answer

1)I called Emi but there was no answer.我给埃米打了电话，但是没人接。

17.apple

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)Have you ever been to the Big Apple? 你去过纽约吗？Do I sense an apple of discord between you two? 你问我有没有感觉出你们两人之间的不和，是吗？Heather is the apple of my eye.希瑟是我的掌上明珠。Rita likes to keep everything in apple-pie order.丽塔喜欢把一切都弄得井井有条。Dennis has always been an apple polisher.丹尼斯一直就是一个马屁精。

18.arm

1)

2)

3)

4)You don't have to twist my arm to get me to go with you.用不着你强迫我跟你走。My father is a hopeless armchair quarterback.我爸爸是一个没救了的纸上谈兵的人。The suspects are armed and dangerous.嫌疑犯带有武器，十分危险。Every spring the park is filled with lovers walking arm in arm.每到春天公园里到处都是

手挽手散步的恋人。

19.around

1)

2)Coach Johnson has been around for 30 years.约翰逊教练已有三十年的经验了。Someone is on duty here around-the-clock.有人在这里昼夜值班。

20.as

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)It looks as if someone has already been here.看起来在人来过这里了。As for me, I'm going home.至于我，我准备回家。Marty is acting as if nothing happened.马蒂表现得像什么也没发生过一样。I want this room left as is.我希望这间房子保持原样。The changes will begin taking place as of tomorrow.变动从明天开始实施。Police are baffled as to the whereabouts of the kidnappers.警察局搜寻绑架者的工作受

挫。

1)

2)

3)

4)Our gas bill average about $50 a month.我们每个月的煤气费平均50美元。On the average, I'd say we eat chicken once a week.我们平均每周吃一次鸡肉。Kent describes himself as just an average Joe.肯特视自己为一名普通的美国人。On the average day, over 100,000 kids bring guns to school in the U.S.在美国平常日

子里，有100,000个孩子带手枪去上学。

22.away

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)What makes you think you're gonna get away with this? 是什么使你认为你可以免受处罚？I wish they'd do away with these complicated tax forms.我希望他们能费除掉这些复杂的税务表格。We're planning a weekend getaway for our anniversary.我们正在为庆祝我们的纪念日而安排一次周末的外出活动。Tom wants to run away from home.汤姆想从家里出逃。Dave and Kathy are going to steal away on vacation.戴夫和凯茜计划在假期里偷偷跑出

去。

第四篇：中英文对照

AEROFLEX “亚罗弗”保温 ALCO “艾科”自控 Alerton 雅利顿空调 Alfa laval阿法拉伐换热器 ARMSTRONG “阿姆斯壮”保温 AUX 奥克斯

BELIMO 瑞士“搏力谋”阀门 BERONOR西班牙“北诺尔”电加热器 BILTUR 意大利“百得”燃烧器 BOSIC “柏诚”自控 BROAD 远大

Burnham美国“博恩汉”锅炉 CALPEDA意大利“科沛达”水泵 CARLY 法国“嘉利”制冷配件 Carrier 开利 Chigo 志高

Cipriani 意大利斯普莱力

CLIMAVENETA意大利“克莱门特” Copeland“谷轮”压缩机 CYRUS意大利”赛诺思”自控 DAIKIN 大金空调

丹佛斯自控 Dorin “多菱”压缩机

DUNHAM-BUSH 顿汉布什空调制冷 DuPont美国“杜邦”制冷剂 Dwyer 美国德威尔 EBM “依必安”风机

ELIWELL意大利“伊力威”自控 Enfinilan 英国“英菲尼兰“阀门 EVAPCO美国“益美高”冷却设备 EVERY CONTROL意大利“美控” Erie 怡日

FRASCOLD 意大利“富士豪”压缩机 FRICO瑞典“弗瑞克”空气幕 FUJI “富士”变频器

FULTON 美国“富尔顿”锅炉 GENUIN “正野”风机 GREE 格力

GREENCOOL格林柯尔 GRUNDFOS “格兰富”水泵 Haier 海尔 Hisense 海信 HITACHI 日立

霍尼韦尔自控 Johnson 江森自控 Kelon 科龙

KRUGER瑞士“科禄格”风机 KU BA德国“库宝”冷风机 Liang Chi 良机冷却塔 LIEBERT 力博特空调 MARLEY “马利”冷却塔 Maneurop法国“美优乐”压缩机 McQuary 麦克维尔 Midea 美的 MITSUBISHI三菱

Munters 瑞典“蒙特”除湿机 Panasonic 松下 RANCO “宏高”自控

REFCOMP意大利“莱富康”压缩机 RIDGID 美国“里奇”工具 RUUD美国“路德”空调 RYODEN “菱电”冷却塔 SanKen “三垦”变频器 Samsung 三星 SANYO 三洋

ASWELL英国森威尔自控 Schneider 施耐德电气 SenseAir 瑞典“森尔”传感器 SIEMENS 西门子

SINKO ",28商机网;新晃“空调 SINRO “新菱”冷却塔 STAND “思探得”加湿器 SWEP 舒瑞普换热器 TECKA “台佳”空调 Tecumseh“泰康”压缩机 TRANE 特灵

TROX德国“妥思”风阀 VASALA芬兰“维萨拉”传感器 WILO德国“威乐”水泵 WITTLER 德国”威特”阀门 YORK 约克

ZENNER德国“真兰”计量

第五篇：中英文对照

医院中英文对照

发热门诊Have Fever主治医师Doctor-in-charge 供应室Supply Room谢绝入内No entering 红灯亮时谢绝入内No entering when red light

彩超、心电图Colorful Cardiogram/ECG住院楼Inpatient Building 透析血磁EndoscopeDept.护士Nueser康复理疗科RehabilitationPhysiotherapyDept.中药计价China medical price account肛肠科Ano-proctology

皮肤、肛肠、男性科、泌尿科候诊Dermatology、Ano-proctology、male Urology Clinic 皮肤科、肛肠科、男性科、泌尿科Dermatology、Ano-proctology、male Urology Dept 中医科Traditional Chinese Medicine五官科ENT Dept.男性科、泌尿科 Male urology Dept.安全出口Exit

预防保健科Medical center for health preventionand care

后勤科、药库Logistic Room、Seore入院登记In-patient Admisson 高压氧治疗Hyperbaric Oxygehation Therapy碎石中心ESWL Center 急救中心Emergency Center挂号收费Registration

中心药房Cenreral Pharmacy内科门诊Internal Medicine Clinic会议室Meeting Room手外科Hand Surgery 产科Obstentrics Dept.骨外科Orthopedics Dept.神经、烧伤外科Neurosurgery.Plaseric surgey Dept.麻醉科Anaesthesiology手术室Operation Room 泌尿、肿瘤外科Urologic.Gumorsurgery Dept.妇科Gynecology Dept.内二科Internal Medicine.Ward 2产房及爱婴中心Delivery Room内一科Internal Medicine.Ward 1洗手间Toilet

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