第一篇：浙大2011考博真题之人文学院中国文化史方向
浙大2011考博真题人文学院之中国文化史方向
科目一：古汉语
1、谈谈《说文解字》的特点，列举清代说文学的学者和著作。（10分）
2、谈谈《经籍纂诂》和《汉语大词典》的特色。（15分）
3、就你熟悉的一部古书谈谈其语言特色。（15分）
4、出十个句子，要求解释每句的加点字，有繁体的还需写出繁体。共20分。具体的就不记得了，举几个例子：如“古人秉烛夜游，良有以也”，要求解释“良”和“以”的意思；又如“生人作死别，恨恨那可论”，要求解释“恨恨”的意思。
5、给出材料，主要要求是标点和将其翻译为现代汉语，共40分。有两段材料，分别如下： 其一：
句践说于国人曰寡人不知其力之不足也而又与大国执雠以暴露百姓之骨于中原此则寡人之罪也寡人请更于是葬死者问伤者养生者吊有忧贺有喜送往者迎来者去民之所恶补民之不足。
其二：
佗之绝技凡此类也然本作士人以医见业意常自悔后太祖亲理得病笃重使佗专视佗曰此近难济恒事攻治可延岁月佗久远家思归因曰当得家书方欲暂还耳到家辞以妻病数乞期不反太祖累书呼又敕郡县发遣佗恃能厌食事犹不上道太祖大怒使人往检若妻信病赐小豆四十斛宽假限日若其虚诈便收送之於是传付许狱考验首服荀彧请曰佗术实工人命所县宜含宥之太祖曰不忧天下当无此鼠辈耶遂考竟佗。
科目二：中国文学史
1、论建安时期的文学创作。
2、论南朝乐府民歌。
3、论刘禹锡、柳宗元的诗歌创作。
4、论宋代话本及其艺术成就。
5、论吴江派和临川派的戏曲创作。
共五题，各20分。
第二篇：2016年浙大考博英语真题部分试题
2016年浙江大学博士生英语
听力 PART A Welcome to Everglades National Park.The Everglades is a watery plain covered with saw grass that's home to numerous species of plants and wildlife.At one and a half million acres, it's too big to see it all today, but this tour will offer you a good sampling.Our tour bus will stop first at Taylor Slough.This is a good place to start because it's home to many of the plants and animals typically associated with the Everglades.You'll see many exotic birds and, of course, our world famous alligators.Don't worry, there's a boardwalk that goes across the marsh, so you can look down at the animals in the water from a safe distance.The boardwalk is high enough to give you a great view of the saw grass prairie.From there we'll head to some other marshy and even jungle like areas that feature wonderful tropical plant life.For those of you who'd like a closer view of the saw grass prairie, you might consider renting a canoe sometime during your visit here.However, don't do this unless you have a very good sense of direction and can negotiate your way through tall grass.We'd hate to have to come looking for you.You have the good fortune of being here in the winter—the best time of year to visit.During the spring and summer, the mosquitoes will just about eat you alive!Right now they're not so bothersome, but you'll still want to use an insect repellent.Welcome to Everglades National Park.The Everglades is a watery plain covered with saw grass that's home to numerous species of plants and wildlife.At one and a half million acres, it's too big to see it all today, but this tour will offer you a good sampling.Our tour bus will stop first at Taylor Slough.This is a good place to start because it's home to many of the plants and animals typically associated with the Everglades.You'll see many exotic birds and, of course, our world famous alligators.Don't worry, there's a boardwalk that goes across the marsh, so you can look down at the animals in the water from a safe distance.The boardwalk is high enough to give you a great view of the saw grass prairie.From there we'll head to some other marshy and even jungle like areas that feature wonderful tropical plant life.For those of you who'd like a closer view of the saw grass prairie, you might consider renting a canoe sometime during your visit here.However, don't do this unless you have a very good sense of direction and can negotiate your way through tall grass.We'd hate to have to come looking for you.You have the good fortune of being here in the winter—the best time of year to visit.During the spring and summer, the mosquitoes will just about eat you alive!Right now they're not so bothersome, but you'll still want to use an insect repellent.-----文章来源 托福听力
听力是 托福内容，完型填空 是大学英语教程第四册里面的内容~~~
完型阅读
Gold Mankind's fascination with gold is as old as civilization itself.The ancient Egypitains esteemed23 gold ,which had religious significance to them ,and King Tutankhamen was buried in a solid gold coffin 3,300 years ago.The wandering Israelites worshiped a golden calf ,and the legendary26 King Midas asked that everything he touched be turned into gold.Not only is gold beautiful ,but it's virtually indestructible.It will not rust or corrode;gold coins and products fabricated from the metal have survived undamaged for centuries.Gold is extremely easy to work with;one ounce ,which is about the size of a cube of sugar can be beaten into a sheet nearly 100 square feet in size ,and becomes so thin that light pass through it.An ounce of gold can also be strethced into a wire 50 miles long.Gold conducts electricity better than any other substance except copper and silver ,and it is particularly important in the modern electronics industry.People have always longed to possess gold.Unfortunately ,this longing30 has also brought out the worst in the human character.The Spanish conquistadores robbed palaces ,temples ,and graves and killed thousands of Indians in their ruthless search for gold.Often the only rule in young California during the days of the gold rush was exercised by the mob with a rope.Even today ,the economic running of South Africa's gold mines depends largely on the employment of black laborers who are paid about &40 a month ,plus room and board ,and who must work in conditions that only be described as cruel.About 400 miners are killed in mine accidents in South Africa each year ,or one for every two tons of gold produced.Historically ,the desire to hoard gold at home has bee primarily an occupation of the working and peasant classes ,who have no faith in paper money.George Bernard Shaw defended their instinct eloquently :“You have to choose between trusting to the natural stability of gold and the natural stabilityof the honesty and intelligence fo the members of the government ,”he said ,“and with due respect to these gentlemen ,I advise you---to vote for gold.”
PS：听力第一题 五个答案为：1.a good sampling 2.exotic birds 3.a safe distance 4.running a canoe 5.a close view
2016年浙大英语考博完形填空原文，各位考生可以回忆下 你选对了几个~~~~~Gold
Mankind's fascination with gold is as old as civilization itself.The ancient Egypitains esteemed23 gold ,which had religious significance to them ,and King Tutankhamen was buried in a solid gold coffin 3,300 years ago.The wandering Israelites worshiped a golden calf ,and the legendary26 King Midas asked that everything he touched be turned into gold.Not only is gold beautiful ,but it's virtually indestructible.It will not rust or corrode;gold coins and products fabricated from the metal have survived undamaged for centuries.Gold is extremely easy to work with;one ounce ,which is about the size of a cube of sugar can be beaten into a sheet nearly 100 square feet in size ,and becomes so thin that light pass through it.An ounce of gold can also be strethced into a wire 50 miles long.Gold conducts electricity better than any other substance except copper and silver ,and it is particularly important in the modern electronics industry.People have always longed to possess gold.Unfortunately ,this longing30 has also brought out the worst in the human character.The Spanish conquistadores robbed palaces ,temples ,and graves and killed thousands of Indians in their ruthless search for gold.Often the only rule in young California during the days of the gold rush was exercised by the mob with a rope.Even today ,the economic running of South Africa's gold mines depends largely on the employment of black laborers who are paid about &40 a month ,plus room and board ,and who must work in conditions that only be described as cruel.About 400 miners are killed in mine accidents in South Africa each year ,or one for every two tons of gold produced.Historically ,the desire to hoard gold at home has bee primarily an occupation of the working and peasant classes ,who have no faith in paper money.George Bernard Shaw defended their instinct eloquently :“You have to choose between trusting to the natural stability of gold and the natural stabilityof the honesty and intelligence fo the members of the government ,”he said ,“and with due respect to these gentlemen ,I advise you---to vote for gold.”
翻译原文
Researchers found that sport shoppers don't just bargain hunt for the best deals, but also for the thrill of it.研究人员发现，“运动型消费者”不仅在寻找最优价，他们还很享受买促销品带给他们的兴奋感。
Professors from San Francisco State University revealed this new breed of shoppers and presented evidence that they have similar behaviors of competitive athletes in that they view bargain shopping as an achievement domain.Achievement goal theory, which describes the motivational behavior of sports athletes in achieving their athletic goals, was used in the study to better understand the motivation of sport shoppers.The study looked at American undergraduate students, who filled out open-ended surveys, participated in interviews and took part in closet inventories.The researchers then analyzed the information using three categories: task, ego and social approval.'This is somebody who takes great pride in their ability to get the thing they want at a discount,' said Kathleen O'Donnel, associate dean of the School of Business.'It's not about spending the least, it's about saving the most.' O'Donnell is the lead author on an article published online Nov.14 in the Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, with Judi Strebel, chair of the marketing department, and their Australian colleague Gary Mortimer of Queensland University as co-authors.The article, titled, 'The thrill of victory: Women and sport shopping,' will be published in print early in 2016.
第三篇：川大考博呼吸真题
四川大学华西2018考博呼吸内科及大内科真题
呼吸内科专科题：
1.举例说明三种支气管扩张剂，简述期其应用，2.有关哮喘和COPD的一道病例分析题，（20分）
3.ARDS的定义和最新诊断标准，4.CAP的诊断标准，5.机械通气撤机困难应考虑哪些原因，6.COPD的定义，分级，分期，7.活动性肺结核的治疗原则和初治和复治的要点，大内科公共题，选2个，20分
呼吸：呼吸支持技术？简述其要点
心内：冠心病二级预防
消化：溃疡性结肠炎和crohn肠病鉴别
肾内：2选1 AKI诊断及分期
慢性肾功能不全透析指针
内分泌：酮症酸中毒基本处理原则
血液：出血性疾病诊断试验及意义
免疫：系统性硬化的临床分型，实验室特点，治疗原则
感染：临床常用抗生素种类及使用基本原则
第四篇：吉大考博马哲真题
2008年马克思主义哲学原理、原著研究
一、列宁《哲学笔记》中说：“问题不在于有没有运动，而在于如何在概念的逻辑中去表达它。”如何理解
这个论断
二、如何理解人对世界的否定性统一关系
三、如何理解人的历史活动与历史规律的关系
四、谈谈改革开放以来马克思主义哲学研究获取的重要成果
西方哲学
一、如何理解芝诺“阿基里斯永远追不上乌龟”
二、评述休谟怀疑主义及其对后世影响
三、黑格尔对康德先验逻辑的的批判
四、后现代主义哲学对西方传统哲学的批判
2009年马克思主义哲学原理、原著研究
一、思维和存在的关系问题
二、马克思《1844年经济学哲学手稿》对黑格尔哲学的整体评价
三、逻辑学认识论辩证法三统一
四、以某一个哲学理论为例，谈近三十的哲学发展（当前焦点）
西方哲学
一、柏拉图的理念论
二、康德实践哲学
三、黑格尔逻辑学认识论辩证法三者统一
四、后现代主义哲学思潮特征及其对马克思主义哲学的影响
2010年马克思主义哲学原理、原著研究
一、辩证法与形而上学的比较
二、如何理解《费尔巴哈提纲》中的实践观
三、如何理解真理具有客观性
四、论述近年来马克思主义哲学在中国的发展
西方哲学
一、亚里士多德的形而上学
二、近代哲学的主体性，并结合后现代主义的“主体性已经死亡”进行论述
三、康德的“二律背反”
四、语言学转向
2011年马克思主义哲学
一、论述关于《费尔巴哈提纲》的内容，并评述。
二、科学与哲学的关系
三、真理论与价值论的关系
谈谈近三十年国内关于历史唯物主义的主要观点，并谈谈你自己的理解。
西方哲学
一、亚里士多德的“实体”学说
二、论述从洛克、贝克莱、休谟经验论发展的内在逻辑
三、黑格尔的“实体即主体”学说
四、逻辑经验主义如何拒斥形而上学
第五篇：08-12-13-14年西安交大考博真题__生化与分生
2008年西安交大考博 生化与分生
一．单选题（1分x20）二．不定项选择题（1分x10）三．名词解释（3分x10）
1.one-carbon unit 2.内含子 3.选择性剪接 4.G蛋白 5.糖酵解 6.遗传密码 7.核酸分子杂交 8.反义RNA 9.端粒酶 10.（记不起来了）四．简述题（40分）
1． 蛋白质分离、纯化的方法？
2． 试述原核生物复制中的酶及各自的功能？
3． 原核生物基因和真核生物基因表达过程各自的特点？ 试述在细胞水平研究基因功能的方法有哪些？
2012年西安交通大学考博 生化与分生
一，选择题 1分*30 基本都忘了。。就记得几个：核苷酸的最终代谢产物？胆固醇最终个转化为？动态突变是？真核基因组的特点？ 二，适配题 10分
将10个常用的分子生物学技术与它们的用途配对，都是很常见的技术 western blot啊，RNAi啊，CHIP啊，ELISE等 三，问答题 5分*6个
1，何谓Km值？ 2，何谓一碳单位？ 3，何谓移码突变，有何生物意义？
4，mRNA的加工过程 5，何谓基因表达的时空性 6，何谓糖异生，有何意义？ 四，论述 10分*3个
1，LDL的功能及代谢途径 2，逆转录的过程及意义 3，常用的基因功能分析策略
（生化专业）考题
名词解释：每题1分
40个，不难，很基础，认真看书过30个没问题 2.简答题：每题5分
操纵子，酶的共价修饰，一碳单位，不对称转录，基因诊断，糖酵解关键酶 3.论述题：每题10分
G蛋白结构及功能，脂肪酸氧化 3.实验：每题10分 基因功能研究策略
西安交通大学医学院2013生物化学与分子生物学考博真题回忆
一、前面是30个单选题，物质代谢和分子生物学神马的大概各有一半，有几个比较偏的，大部分比较容易
二、简答题
1、酶的变构调节
2、磷酸戊糖途径的反应过程和生理意义
3、一碳单位及意义
4、基因表达的时空性
5、什么是反转录
6、基因诊断常用的核酸分子杂交技术
三、问答题
某研究生发现了一个在肿瘤高表达的基因，问
1、如何确定该基因产物与别的蛋白质有相互作用。
2、细胞水平研究该基因功能的方法
3、在体研究该基因功能的方法
四、论述题
1、酮体的生成和利用
2、试阐述“生物大分子的相互作用是信号传导网络调控基因表达的基础”
3、染色体水平的表达调控机制
2014年西安交通大学考博 生化与分生
一、40个单选（40分）
二、简答题（每题5分，共30分）
1.何谓鸟氨酸循环，其生物学意义是什么？
2.何谓DNA逆转录，发现它的生物学意义是什么？ 3.细胞内小分子第二信使的特点是什么？ 4.何谓基因敲除，基因敲如，基因敲低？ 5.基因工程中克隆载体和表达载体有何不同？ 6.转录因子的基本结构特点是什么？
三、论述题（每题10分，共30分）1.试述蛋白质翻译后化学修饰的主要类型和作用 2.试述真核生物基因表达的染色质水平调控 3.试述研究核酸-蛋白质相互作用的主要方法
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