英语文章开头结尾常用句型

第一篇：英语文章开头结尾常用句型

以下是各种开头写法常用的句型。

一、常用提出概括的句型。

1.The following characteristics may best demonstrate certain advantages of …

2.„ In general, the situation is still serious.3.The bright side and the dark side of … have been summarized as follows.4.Different people have different opinions（ideas）about „

5.In daily life, we often meet with various situations concerning …

6.People enjoy several benefits from …

7.Different attitudes towards … may be listed as follows.二、常用点明主题的句型。

1.It has been said that …

2.In my opinion, it is right to …

3.In a certain sense, …

三、常用介绍评述对象的句型。

1.„refer to …

2.„may be described as …

3.…can be defined as …

四、常用交代目的的句型。

1.In order to … I write this passage.2.The present author（笔者、本文作者）has written this essay so as to „

3.This article is written not for the purpose of …, but for the purpose of …

4.The composition is written for the sake of …

5.I have this report published in the hope of …

6.Owing to（Because of, Due to）„, I write these words.五、常用提出问题的句型。

1.What has caused the problem?

2.Have you ever thought about the factors which can be attributedto the phenomenon?

3.What is the nature of …?

4.What are the causes of this new phenomenon?

5.____ now plays such an influential part in people’s lives that it is essential for us to try to decide whether it is a blessing(福)or a curse(祸).Obviously ____ has both bright side and dark side.But does the former outweigh the latter?

下面的开篇句子虽然不是一个问句，但它实际上提出了一个问题，因此也可以归入这一类型。

6.It has never been explained why „

7.No one could explain why „

六、引用名人名言或谚语俗语开头时，常用以下句型。

1.An ancient Chinese saying goes, “ … ”.2.As an English proverb exposes one truth , “ … ”.3.A motto(箴言，座右铭)reads, “ „ ”.4.A famous philosopher once said, “ … ”.文章结尾

结尾部分可能使用的结束语

一.意犹未尽。此类结束语往往能唤起读者的期待感。

1)The suggestion(proposal, plan, scheme, etc.)is open to question(discussion, argument, etc.).2)The phenomenon remains to be further studied.3)This article is only the beginning of a long essay.4)What has been discussed above is only the tip of an iceberg(冰山一角).5)The story is hardly unique.There are many similar stories in reality.6)This is not the only case.It is worth conducting further research.7)But this new application is another story — one we will talk about in another article.二.号召呼吁。有的作者往往在此类结束语中提出一些具体建议。

1)It’s time for us to realize the urgency of the situation.Complaint and gloom are useless;we should readjust to new challenges.Today we must take immediate actions to preserve a hopeful tomorrow.2)Though we have made much progress, we must remember that it is only the first step in the right direction.Let’s continue to contribute our efforts and ideas.To solve the problem(To reach our goals, To realize our dreams, To carry out the project further, etc.), we still have a long way to go.3)To realize „, we should initiate(开始，着手)a series of measures.Firstly, government must enforce strategic policy in the long run.Secondly, the development of has to come along with the perfecting of the country’s laws(or democracy or social security network, etc.).Thirdly, the power to implement laws(执法力度)should be strengthened.All this means that we must take immediate and efficient actions.4)Ways of coping with the issue are many, but what really counts is that we should do more than talk about handling the problem.Only when the whole country(or the whole world)all go into action can we really solve it.Bear in mind the old saying, “Actions speak louder than words.”

5)To deal with the serious crisis, governments at all levels or governments worldwide(各级政府或各国政府)have had to adopt legal, economic and administrative(行政的)means.Besides, common folks should make consistent efforts.Let’s keep a close watch over the progress.6)In order to prevent the bad situation from turning worse, all sides concerned must find an efficient way to cope with it.The authorities related should improve the system and carry out regulations more strictly.Meanwhile ordinary citizens should abide by(遵守)laws and regulations.7)I am making this appeal for society to pay overwhelming attention to this essential issue.It is not enough for government to strengthen supervision of the management of ______(加强对······管理的监督).All the concerned citizens musttranslate high spirit into more concrete(具体的)and practical actions.We need to work harder to achieve our goal.三.预测展望

1)Much of the worsening situation could be changed if all sides make more effective efforts.We have high hopes for people because they may translate high spirit into more concrete and practical actions.2)Fortunately the solutions are in sight.The success of previous practice indicates a new dimension（direction方向）.Advanced science and technology will be introduced and applied in solving the problem.The road is tough, but the future is bright.3)Clearly, as the economy develops and society advances, ____ will play increasingly important roles in modern life, and will thus become an indispensable part for people’s life.4)Every old game has a definite end, and every new one is a world reborn.The change will be a turning point from poverty to prosperity(繁荣).We are confident that we will bring our hopes to fruition, and we are certain that tomorrow will be better than today.5)If the decline continues, the situation will soon be out of control.In this sense, the fighting is a life-and-death struggle.Therefore, the industrial insiders(业内人士)are likely to seek immediate solutions to halt(阻止)the worsening trend(趋势).6)After carefully weighing the pros and cons(权衡利弊), the government will probably take some actions to prevent the current situation from worsening.四.归纳总结

1)Obviously, the use of ____（某种技术、发明、革新项目如克隆技术、互联网、转基因食品、数码电视或生活用品如汽车、电话、空调等）, like anything else, has both advantages and disadvantages.While they are so indispensable to mankind they also bring serious problems.We can only hope that people, while making the best use of ____, will eventually find a satisfactory solution to the problems caused by them.2)So we can conclude: ____ can give us enjoyment, and also bring some troubles.All that depends on how we make use of it.We should make it our good servant, not our bad master.3)From the discussion above, it can be summed up that ____ is one of the most useful things in modern life.Its advantages are self-evident（不言自明）, while its disadvantages are headaches.Now we must try our best to make it serve us well.At the same time, we should take measures to limit and reduce its side effects.4)Clearly, like everything else, ____ has two sides — the bright side and the dark side.The dark side does not mean that we should abandon ____, of course.It does mean that we have had to find ways to deal with the problems ____ causes.The

key to the question is how we use it to its best advantage.5)Weighing the two sides, both arguments seem to be reasonable.It is no denying（不可否认）that as a miracle（奇迹）of technology created by human beings, ____ has penetrated（渗透）nearly every aspect of our life, therefore, its influences on society are of a big concern.It also goes without saying（不言而喻）that ___ may be applied by evil people to harm public, thus____ should be brought under control.6)There are many other arguments for and against____.I think, we must realize that in itself ____ is neither good nor bad.Actually, it is the uses to which it is put that determine its value to people and society.7)In view of the mentioned features of ____, the use of ____ should be well controlled.We ought to find a safer means which will bring joy and comfort rather than blood and tears.

第二篇：英语作文4种开头、结尾以及常用句型

英语作文4种开头、结尾以及常用句型

英语作文的写作并不难，主要考察的是写作的规范性而不是像语文一样考察立意，所以只要开头和结尾符合文体规范，中间再加上一些特殊句型，保证你的作文分不会低！

小编整理了4大开头、4大结尾以及常用的句型，都在这篇文章里了，看完记得背诵和收藏，考前也要翻出来再看一看！

英语写作文的步骤

要经过一审、二写、三连、四改四步：

一审”即审题：主要是看清楚题目要求，读懂题目所表达的含义，抓住要点，注意文体是什么，准备写作的人称和时态：如果是日记和故事，宜采用过去时态；如是简介之类的，宜采用现在时态。

“二写”即列纲：主要是列个提纲，考虑所要选用的单词、词组、句型，要能根据自己的英语水平，尽量扬长避短，避难就易。遇到想不起的词、句时，就用同（近）义词或同义句代替，不要使用没有把握的词句，并且要综合考虑所涉及到的情景、场合，语言要地道。

“三连”即连句成文：根据短文的内容要求，确定先写什么，后写什么，按照表述内容的情节发展和实际需要，重新排列组合已写成的句子，划分必要的段落，一般分成三段。但要注意句式的灵活运用，长、短句，简单句，复合句要搭配运用。

“四改”即修改润色全文：主要是看全文符不符合题目要求，行文是否流畅，有没有遗漏要点；语法是不是正确，包括单词的拼写、大小写、标点符号、时态、语态、单复数、主谓一致、冠词等。

*总之做到

三审：体裁、时态、人称； 三思：词汇—>短语—>句式； 三查：要点、拼写和语法、连贯 文章分3段：

(1)综述：概括性强，最多2句话引入主题；

(2)正文——主要内容：层次性强，一定要有过渡型连接词。最多展开3个方面，每个方面最多2句话；

(3)结尾：紧扣主题，2句话内结束，尽量升华。好作文开头的四种方式 1.“开门见山”式开头 一般来说，文章的开头应尽量做到“开门见山”，即要用简单明了的语言引出文章的话题，使人一开始就能了解文章要说明的内容。

①对于叙事类的文章，可以在开头把人物、时间、事件和环境交代清楚。

如“A Trip to Huangshan(黄山之旅)”的开头可以是：Last month, my family went to Huangshan by train.It took us ten hours to get there.What a long and tiring journey!We were tired but the beautiful scenery excited us.②对于论述性的文章，可以在开头处先阐明自己的观点，接着展开进一步的论述。

如“The Time and the Money(时间和金钱)”的开头可以是：Most people say that money is more important than time.But I don’t think so.First, when money is used up, you can earn it back，but……

2.回忆性开头

在描述事件或游记类的文章中，采用回忆性的开头往往更能吸引人的眼球。这种类型的开头中通常含有描述自己心情或情绪的词汇，如never forget(永远无法忘记)、remember(记得)、unforgettable(难以忘怀的)、exciting(令人激动的)、surprising(令人惊讶的)、sad(难过的)…… 如“A Trip to Huangshan(黄山之旅)”的开头还以这样写：I will never forget my first trip to Huangshan.或It was really an unforgettable experience I had.3.疑问性开头

在叙事类或论述性的文章中，都可采用疑问型开头，这样既可以吸引阅卷者的注意又容易抓住中心。

如“Planting Trees(种树)”的开头可以是：Have you ever planted trees? Don’t you think planting trees is ……

再如“Traveling Abroad(出国之旅)”的开头可以是：If you have an opportunity to travel abroad, why not consider Singapore？

4.倒叙式开头

在有的文章，特别是叙事类的文章中，可以采用倒叙的写作手法，先写出事件的结果，再陈述过程。

如“Catching Thieves(捉贼)”的开头可以这样写：I lay in bed in the hospital.I smiled at my friends even though my legs hurt.Do you want to know what happened to me? Let me tell you.It’s a...story.作文结尾的种方式 1.自然结尾，点明主题

随着文章的结束，文章自然而然地结尾。

如“Helping the Policeman(帮助警察)”的结尾可以是：The two children were praised by the police and they felt happy.再如“The Tortoise and the Hare(龟兔赛跑)”的结尾可以是：When the hare got to the tree, the tortoise had already been there。

2.首尾呼应，升华主题

在文章的结尾可以用含义较深的话点明主题，深化主题，起到“画龙点睛”的效果。

如“I Love My Hometown(我爱家乡)”的结尾可以是：I love my hometown, and I am proud of it.3.反问结尾，引起深思

这种方式的结尾虽然形式是问句，但意义却是肯定的，而且具有一定的强调作用，可引起他人的深思。如 “Learning English can give us a lot of pleasure(学英语能为我们带来许多乐趣)”的结尾可以是：If we learn English well, we can …Don’t you think learning English is great fun?

4.表达祝愿，阐述愿望

这种方式的结尾常出现在书信或演讲稿的文体中，表示对他人的祝福或对将来的展望等。

如“A Letter to the Farmers(给农民们的一封信)”的结尾可以是：I hope the farmers' life will be better and better.另外，书信的结尾常有以下形式的祝福语：Best wishes;I wish you a merry Christmas and a happy new year;I wish you have a good time等。

好作文常用的句型和连接词 常用连接词：

1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last 2.表并列补充关系的：What is more, Besides 3.表转折对比关系的：However, but Although+clause（从句），On the one hand… On the other hand… Some…, while others…

4.表因果关系的：Because, As，So, Thus, Therefore, As a result 5.表换一种方式表达：In other words 6.表进行举例说明：For example，句子；For instance，句子； 7.表陈述事实：In fact 8.表达自己观点: In my opinion 9.表总结：In a word.In summary 文中正确使用两三个好的句型

如：宾语从句、状语从句、动名词做主语等。

宾语从句举例：I believe Tianjin will be more beautiful and prosperous.状语从句举例：If everyone does something for the environment, our hometown will become clean and beautiful.动名词做主语举例：Reading books in the sun is bad for our eyes.It's bad for our eyes to read books in the sun.常用状语从句句型

(1)时间：when, not…until, as soon as(2)目的：so that+从句;to do（为了）

(3)结果：so…that+从句, too…to do（太……以至于……）(4)条件：if, unless（除非）, as long as（只要）

(5)让步：though, although, even though, even if，no matter what/when/where/who/which/how(6)比较：as…as…, not so…as…, than 1.重点句型

(1)It is said that +句子据说… It is reported that +句子据报道…(2)There is no need to do没必要做…(3)It’s adj for sb to do做…对某人来说…

(4)so /such… that …如此…以至于… too … to do太…而不能…(5)not…until…直到…才…例： I didn’t go to bed until my mother came back。

(6)The reason why +句子 is that +句子 …的原因是…(7)The reason why he got angry was that she told him a lie.(他生气的原因是她对他说了谎。)(8)That is why +句子那是…的原因(9)That is because +句子那是因为…(10)as we all know, +句子据我们所知

(11)it is generally/ publicly known / considered that…,众所周知 2.提建议

I suggest / advice that you should do我建议你做… If I were you, I would do…我要是你的话，我会做… It’s best to do最好做… had better(not)do最好(不)做

how about / what about doing …怎么样? I think you should do我认为你应该…

Why not do / why don’t you do…?为什么不… 3.努力做… try to do努力做…

try one’s best to do = do one’s best to do竭尽全力做… do what sb can(do)to do尽力做… 4.表示喜欢和感兴趣 like / love doing enjoy doing be fond of doing喜欢做…

prefer to do A rather than do B宁愿做A也不愿做B be interested in doing = show/ take great interest in n / doing 5.表示想/希望

want to do = would like to do想做… hope to do希望做… expect to do期待着做… wish to do希望做… consider doing考虑做… 6.打算做… /计划做…

plan to do打算做… be going to do打算做… decide to do决定做… make up one’s mind to do下定决心做… 7.只加doing作宾语的动词

finish完成/ practice练习/ suggest建议 / consider考虑 / mind介意 / enjoy喜欢doing look forward to doing盼望做… keep on doing坚持做… dream of doing梦想做…

can’t help doing情不自禁地做…

keep / stop / prevent sb.from doing阻止某人做… be busy(in)doing be busy with +名词忙于做…

spend time / money(in)doing spend time / money on +名词花费时间做…

have fun / have a good time / enjoy oneself doing玩得开心 have trouble / have problem / have difficulty(in)doing或 with +名词做…有困难

第三篇：中考英语作文(开头、结尾)万能句型

文章开头句型

1、“如今，人们普遍认为...,但是我怀疑...。

Nowadays，it is generally/commonly believed that..., but I wonder that...2、“如同硬币的正反面，...也有积极的一面和消极的一面。

Like a coin has two sides, there is a positive aspect and a negative aspect to...3、“近来，...的问题已经成为人们注目的焦点。”

Currently, the issue of...has been brought to public attention4、“随着...的快速增长，...在日常生活中已经变得越来越重要。

Along with the rapid growth of...,...has become increasingly important in our daily5、“由汽车(或xx）引起的空气和噪音污染对我们的健康造成了危害。”

Air pollution and noise pollution caused by automobiles do harm to our health.文章结尾句型

1、“因此，不难得出结论...”

Accordingly/Consequently/As a result,it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that2、“综上所述，我们能得出如下结论...”

From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that...3、“这一难题，是任何人都不可能避免的。但只要处理得当，我们就会...”

The dilemma is something no one can avoid.Properly handled, however, we will4、“总之，全社会都应该密切关注...,只有这样我们才能...”

All in all, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of....Only in this way can we....5、“考虑到所有的因素，我们意识到...Taking into account all of these factors, we have reached the realization that...

第四篇：英语作文的文章的开头和结尾

英语作文的文章的开头

英文写作翻译

一篇文章通常可分为三个部分，即开头、正文和结尾。这三个部分安排是否得体，直接影响到文章的质量。，文章的开头一般来说应尽量做到开门见山，用简单明白的叙述引出文章的话题，使读者了解文章要谈论什么，一下于引起读者的兴趣。，作文常见的开头形式大致有以下几种：，1．开门见山，揭示主题英文写作翻译

文章一开头，就交待清楚文章的主题是什么。如“How I Spent My Vacation”(我怎样度假)的开头是：，I Spent my last vacation happily．，下面是题为“Honesty”(谈诚实)一文中的开头：，Honesty is one of the best virtues．An honest man is always trusted and respected．On the contrary, one who tells lies is regarded as a “liar”，and is looked upon by honest people．，2．交代人物、事情、时间或环境开头英文写作翻译

在文章的开头，先把人物、事件和环境交待清楚。例如“A Trip to Jinshan”(去金山旅游)的开头：，The day before yesterday my class went on a bus trip to Jinshan.The bus ride there took three hours.The long trip made us very tired, but the sight of the beautiful sea refreshed us.，3.回忆性的开头，用回忆的方法来开头。例如“A Trip to the Taishan Mountain”(泰山游)的开头是：，I remember my first trip to the Taishan Mountain as if it were yesterday.，4．概括性的开头英文写作翻译

即对要在文章中叙述的人或事先作一个概括性的介绍。如“The Happiness of Reading Books”(读书的快乐)的开头：，People often say that gold and silver are the most valuable things in the world.But I say that to read books is more valuable than anything else, because books give us knowledge and knowledge gives us power.，5．介绍环境式的开头英文写作翻译

即开头利用自然景物或自然环境引出要介绍的事物。如“An Accident”(一场事故)的开头是:，It was a rainy and windy morning.The sky was gloomy, the temperature was low, and the street was nearly empty.I was on my way back to school.Suddenly, a speeding car came round the corner.，6．交待写作目的的开头。英文写作翻译

在文章的一开头就交待写作目的，如通过文章要表扬谁，批评谁，或说明一个什么问题等。如 “Pollution Control”(控制污染)的开头：，In this article I shall draw your attention to the subject of pollution control.英语作文的文章的正文 英文写作翻译

文章的正文是由若干段落组成的，段落通常由几个或者更多的句子组成，有时候一个句子也能成段。，文章的正文应以文章的开头为线索，具体地叙述、说明或论证文章的主题。文章不论长短，每个段落都必须为主题服务。像说明文和议论文这一类的文章，一个主题还常分成几个小主题，每个小主题要用一个段落处理，另起一段时，应是一层新的意思。每一段的开头，要放一个表示段落小主题的主题句，这样可使文章条理化，易于阅读，便于读者抓住主题。段内的所有句子应围绕主题句的意义加以阐述或论证，为中心思想服务。句子之间应衔结自然，有条不紊，而且还要合乎逻辑，段落中不能出现任何与主题无关的句子；英语写作比较重视主题句的作用，缺少它段落意义就会含糊不清。主题句也可放在段落的中间和末尾等部位，但对初学者来说，以放在段首为好。见下列这篇题为“How to Be a Good Student”(怎样做个好学生)的文章：，We students are the builders and masters of the country.It is importantfor us to know how to be a good student.，A good student, I think, should be diligent in his studies.The more hestudies, the more he will increase his knowledge.Without enough knowledge, wecannot make great contributions to the modernization of our country.，To take care of one's own body is another important thing for goodstudent to do.Anyone, who hasn't got a strong body, can do nothing for hiscountry, even if he has much knowledge.There was a man, who, when he wasstudent, studied hard but neglected his health.No sooner did he come to servethe country than he died of poor health.From this we may see that to have astrong body is really very important for a student.，Lastly, to cultivate one's own virtue is most important.Virtue is theessence英文写作翻译

of a noble and good character.It will greatly help one to be useful and hiscountry heart and soul.When learned people go astray, they do more harm thangood to society.We should draw lessons from this.，这篇文章的第一段引出了文章的主题，第二、第三和第四段则是文章的正文，每—段的第一句即是段落的主题句，它们既支持了文章中心的观点和思想，同时又概括了全段的意思。在同一段落中，其余的句子都围绕主题句所表示的中心展开，同时句子间的衔结也很自然；各层的意思都很连贯。，分段是文章组织上重要的一步，但如果写的题目范围很小，那就无须再将题目分成小的主题，并分入各个段落去阐述了。像一篇简短的评论；某一事情的简短记载，某一个想法的说明，对一个人物或一件事情的简要叙述或说明等，就可以只用一个段落来表现主题。，在记叙文中，段的结构有时可以很简单，不需要有主题句，叙事一气呵成，中途没有停顿。段与段之所以分开，只是为了起修辞作用，以便把某一细节置于显著的地位。，某些测试用的表达题，在题目中就已经说明只需要根据。所给的提示写一个段落，而不是一篇文章。对于这一类的写作试题，就可以予以简洁的处理，并不是非要扩充成一篇有头有尾的完整文章。，下面这篇题为“Weekend Homework”(谈周末作业)的短文，就是用一个段落来论述问题和表达观点的。，Usally Saturday night is the time for students to get back to their desksand do their weekend homework.Six school days are enough for the students whohave many other interests.I think weekend homework should not be given.Withhomework arranged for Saturday night and the whole of Sunday, when can he findtime to help around the house, play a game of football or see a good film, orjust relax? In fact weekend homework is usually put off until Sunday night.Asa result our homework is done very poorly and we achive no results.If therewere no homework on weekends, students would go to school on Monday wellrested, willing to work.Teachers, don't you agree?

英语作文的文章的结尾

文写作翻译

文章结尾的作用是概括全文内容，进一步强调或肯定文章的中心思想，使文章意义表达得更加深刻。，文章结尾的形式也是多种多样的，常见的有以下几种：，1．首尾呼应，画龙点睛英文写作翻译

在文章的结尾，把含义较深的话放在末尾，以点明主题，深化主题，起到画龙点睛的效果。如“I Cannot Forge不了她)的结尾：，After her death, I felt as if something were missing in my life.I was sadover her passing away, buwould not have had any regrets at havinggiven her life for the benefit of the people.，2．重复主题句英文写作翻译

结尾回到文章开头阐明的中心思想或主题句上，达到强调的效果。如“I Love My Home Town”(我爱家乡)的结I love my home town, and I love its people.They too have changed.Theyare going all out to do more of our motherland.，3.自然结尾英文写作翻译

随着文章的结束，文章自然而然地结尾。如“Fishing”(钓鱼)的结尾：，I caught as many as twenty fish in two hours, but my brother caught manymore.Tired from fishing,on the river bank, bathing in the sun.Wereturned home very late.，4．含蓄性的结尾，用比喻或含蓄的手法不直接点明作者的看法，而是让读者自己去领会和思考。如“A Day of Harvesting”(收割尾：，Evening came before we realized it.We put down our sickles and looked ateach other.Our clothes wsweat, but on every face there was asmile.，5．用反问结尾，虽然形式是问句，但意义却是肯定的，并具有特别的强调作用，引起读者深思。如 ”Should We Learn to Do Hou们要不要学做家务?)的结尾。，Everyone should learn to do housework.Don't you agree, boys and girls?，6．指明方向，激励读者英文写作翻译

结尾表示对将来的展望，或期待读者投入行动。如“Let's Go in for Sports”(让我们参加体育运动)的结尾：译

As we have said above, sports can be of great value.They not only make peoplelive happily but alsoto learn virtues and do their work bettter.Asound mind is in a sound body.Let's go in for sport文章的结尾没有一定的模式，可以根据表达主题的需要灵活创造。一般的习惯是，一些记叙文和描写文经常采用方法；但说理性和逻辑性较强的说明文和议论文则往往都有结束语，以便使文章首尾呼应，结构完整。

第五篇：英语作文的文章的开头和结尾（本站推荐）

英语作文的文章的开头和结尾

英语作文的文章的开头

一篇文章通常可分为三个部分，即开头、正文和结尾。这三个部分安排是否得体，直接影响到文章的质量。

文章的开头一般来说应尽量做到开门见山，用简单明白的叙述引出文章的话题，使读者了解文章要谈论什么，一下于引起读者的兴趣。

作文常见的开头形式大致有以下几种：

1．开门见山，揭示主题

文章一开头，就交待清楚文章的主题是什么。如“How I Spent My Vacation”(我怎样度假)的开头是：

I Spent my last vacation happily．

下面是题为“Honesty”(谈诚实)一文中的开头：

Honesty is one of the best virtues．An honest man is always trusted and respected．On the contrary, one who tells lies is regarded as a “liar”，and is looked upon by honest people．

2．交代人物、事情、时间或环境开头

在文章的开头，先把人物、事件和环境交待清楚。例如“A Trip to Jinshan”(去金山旅游)的开头：

The day before yesterday my class went on a bus trip to Jinshan.The bus ride there took three hours.The long trip made us very tired, but the sight of the beautiful sea refreshed us.3.回忆性的开头

用回忆的方法来开头。例如“A Trip to the Taishan Mountain”(泰山游)的开头是：I remember my first trip to the Taishan Mountain as if it were yesterday.4．概括性的开头

即对要在文章中叙述的人或事先作一个概括性的介绍。如

“The Happiness of Reading Books”(读书的快乐)的开头：

People often say that gold and silver are the most valuable things in the world.But I say that to read books is more valuable than anything else, because books give us knowledge and knowledge gives us power.5．介绍环境式的开头

即开头利用自然景物或自然环境引出要介绍的事物。如“An Accident”(一场事故)的开头是:It was a rainy and windy morning.The sky was gloomy, the temperature was low, and the street was nearly empty.I was on my way back to school.Suddenly, a speeding car came round the corner.6．交待写作目的的开头。

在文章的一开头就交待写作目的，如通过文章要表扬谁，批评谁，或说明一个什么问题等。如 “Pollution Control”(控制污染)的开头：

In this article I shall draw your attention to the subject of pollution control.英语作文的文章的结尾

文章结尾的作用是概括全文内容，进一步强调或肯定文章的中心思想，使文章意义表达得更加深刻。

文章结尾的形式也是多种多样的，常见的有以下几种：

1．首尾呼应，画龙点睛

在文章的结尾，把含义较深的话放在末尾，以点明主题，深化主题，起到画龙点睛的效果。如“I Cannot Forget Her”(我忘不了她)的结尾：

After her death, I felt as if something were missing in my life.I was sad over her passing away, but I knew she would not have had any regrets at having given her life for the benefit of the people.2．重复主题句

结尾回到文章开头阐明的中心思想或主题句上，达到强调的效果。如

“I Love My Home Town”(我爱家乡)的结尾：

I love my home town, and I love its people.They too have changed.They are going all out to do more for the good of our motherland.3.自然结尾

随着文章的结束，文章自然而然地结尾。如“Fishing”(钓鱼)的结尾：

I caught as many as twenty fish in two hours, but my brother caught many more.Tired from fishing, we lay down on the river bank, bathing in the sun.We returned home very late.4．含蓄性的结尾

用比喻或含蓄的手法不直接点明作者的看法，而是让读者自己去领会和思考。如“A Day of Harvesting”(收割的日子)的结尾：

Evening came before we realized it.We put down our sickles and looked at each other.Our clothes were wet with sweat, but on every face there was a smile.5．用反问结尾

虽然形式是问句，但意义却是肯定的，并具有特别的强调作用，引起读者深思。如 “Should We Learn to Do Housework?”(我们要不要学做家务?)的结尾。

Everyone should learn to do housework.Don't you agree, boys and girls?

6．指明方向，激励读者

结尾表示对将来的展望，或期待读者投入行动。如“Let's Go in for Sports”(让我们参加体育运动)的结尾：

As we have said above, sports can be of great value.They not only make people live happily but also help people to learn virtues and do their work bettter.A sound mind is in a sound body.Let's go in for sports.文章的结尾没有一定的模式，可以根据表达主题的需要灵活创造。一般的习惯是，一些记叙文和描写文经常采用自然结尾的方法；但说理性和逻辑性较强的说明文和议论文则往往都有结束语，以便使文章首尾呼应，结构完整。