英语四级写作技巧讲解1

第一篇：英语四级写作技巧讲解1

英语四级作文突围:背诵是永恒的高分真经

一、语言第一位四、六级写作重点考查考生的英语表达能力。阅卷老师最重视的是语言，考生最需要提高的也是语言。有的同学以为使用一些高难词汇就能取得高分，其实不然。中英文写作都讲究“平淡如水”、“简洁就是美”、“绚烂之极，归于平淡”。美国作家海明威经常使用小学词汇，但他是诺贝尔文学奖的得主，可见语言的好坏不在词藻的华丽与否，而在于使用得是否得当。中学词汇用好了，完全可以取得各种英语写作考试的满分。当然基础较好的同学，恰当使用高难词汇有助于提高分数。但是不要盲目追求难度，“与其写一个错误的复杂句，不如写一个正确的简单句。”

四、六级写作话题、观点和字数都有严格限制，它只是一个展示你英语书面表达能力的平台。因此，考生应该把构思的时间减到最少，把主要精力放在推敲语言上，力争将语法、拼写、标点等低级错误降至最低，力求用词用句准确恰当，表达地道。这样，即便没有使用高难词汇和句型，也可以保证稳得及格分数。切记作文不是口语，语言永远第一，它决定了得分高下。

阅卷老师在语言方面主要从两个方面进行评判：

1.基本正确四、六级考生的最大问题不是写得太简单，而是严重错误太多。基础一般的同学即使使用小学或中学词汇和句型，只要使用得基本正确，也可以得到及格分数。考生最常犯的语言错误有三类：语法、拼写、标点。最常犯的语法错误包括：时态、冠词、主谓一致、名词单复数等。

2.丰富多变

基础较好的同学，要想取得四、六级写作高分，应做到丰富多变。

丰富多变体现在词汇和句型两方面。

同一词语在一句话、一个段落乃至一篇文章中最好不要重复出现，应尽量使用同、近义词替换（无法替换的关键词除外）。例如：think可以替换为reckon, assume, argue等词。如果想不到同、近义词，可以使用上义词进行替换。此外，句型也应富于变化，不要拘泥于主谓宾句型，可以使用主系表、过去分词和现在分词短语作状语、不定式短语作状语、状语从句等多种句型。

四级作文如果量化成句数，只需写10句左右；六级只需12句左右。全文应以短句为主，长短句相结合。所谓短句是指10个词左右的句子，不能全篇都是5、6个词的短句。同时，全文应有一定数量的长句，一般15~20词即可，太长则易冗赘。有的同学以为只写长句不写短句，就能取得高分，实际上老师看长句会觉得很累，以为你不会写短句，通常不会给高分。如果一篇中文作文每句都30多个字，定然晦涩难懂，英文也不例外。精炼的短句可以放在段首表示强调；复杂的长句可以进行具体的论证、举例或描述。

二、高分真经

（一）背诵

背诵是提高英语综合能力的法宝，可分为以下5个层次：

（1）精彩词汇（2）精彩句型（3）精彩句子（4）万能框架（5）经典范文

注意句子和句型不一样，精彩句子应作为单词来记忆。背诵前，确保自己已充分理解所有内容。语言学习有两个关键词——输入（INPUT）和输出（OUTPUT）。听力和阅读属于输入，考生处于被动状态，只需在考场上将听到和看到的东西弄懂。应对这种题目的技巧很多，容易在短期内提高。但口语和写作属于输出，考生必须变被动为主动，这很难在短期内突破。没有大量的输入，很难进行自由输出。

英语四级和六级写作需要在30分钟内完成一篇短文，共计120或150余字，很多同学叫苦不迭。但若将其改为中文作文，大家就会觉得易如反掌。原因何在？俗话说：“熟读唐诗三百首，不会做诗也能吟。”同学们从小到大背诵了大量中文佳作，可以随意组合，自由输出。然而，在英语学习中，多数同学只沉溺于背单词、抠语法、做阅读，很少有人背诵英文文章。正因为没有大量输入，写作才始终处于“挤牙膏”状态，想一句说一句，说一句翻译一句。

提高英语写作要多读、多背、多写、多改。多读、多背是首要任务，是积累输入的关键。考生应大量积累经典英文句型、表达和范文，平时勤于背诵。有的同学问，说自己背过很多英文文章，但上了考场还是大脑一片空白，什么都想不起来。这种情况很常见，主要有两个原因：一是没有进行造句的工作，只是盲目背诵。二是背得不够熟练。学习任何东西都讲究先求质，再求量。大家英语学了很多年，文章看了很多，为什么写作还是学不好？关键是量铺开了，但质没有上去。一篇文章应背到脱口而出的程度，如果还需要过脑子，就证明背得不够熟练。一知半解，背得再多也是徒劳。

（二）默写

背完经典范文后，进行默写。然后对照原文纠错，搞清楚错在什么地方。多数同学在写的时候都会犯小错误，如拼写、单复数、大小写等。这些就是你在写作中的弱点，也是阅卷老师最不能容忍的地方。培根说过：“Writing makes an exact man.”（写作使人精确。）只有默写下来你才会发现自己常犯哪些错误。

（三）中译英

中译英也是提高写作的好方法。根据范文的中文译文，将其按自己的理解译成英文。译完后，你就会发现自己的翻译和原文有很大差距，这些差距就是取得写作高分的关键。这时，对照范文，看看原作者是怎么写的，思考为什么这么写。同样的一句中文，范文中使用了哪些词汇和句型？你使用了哪些词汇和句型？学习范文使用不同的词汇和句型。通过不断练习，你的写作水平不知不觉就提高了。

（四）写作

模仿范文写作新的文章，套用范文的精彩词汇、句型、句子和框架。最初套用时可能比较生硬，但随着不断的积累，组合起来会越来越顺手。

上述的高分策略是提高四、六级英语写作水平最有效的方法。在练习写作的初始阶段, 可勤查语法书和字典等工具书, 背记常用词和短语, 以扩大词汇量, 拓展知识面。背单词时要深刻理解所背词语的内在含义, 并了解其使用环境。备考时，熟记一些过渡词、句型和范文，并进行仿写。考试时，使用学习过的、熟悉而有把握的词汇和句型，没有把握的句子，尽量采取“回避政策”，切忌自编自造汉语式的英语词组和句型。

第二篇：英语四级写作技巧

一、提纲式作文 1．对立观点式

A．有人认为X 是好事，赞成X，为什么？ B．有人认为X 是坏事，反对X，为什么？ C．我的看法。

Some people are in favor of the idea of doing X.They point out the fact that 支持X 的第一个原因。They also argue that 支持X 的另一个原因。

However, other people stand on a different ground.They consider it harmful to do X.They firmly point out that 反对X 的第一个理由。An example can give the details of this argument: 一个例子。

There is some truth in both arguments.But I think the advantages of X overweigh the disadvantages.In addition to the above-mentioned negative effects it might bring about, X also may X 的有一个坏处。

二、批驳观点式 A．一个错误观点。B． 我不同意。

Many people argue that 错误观点。By saying that, they mean 对这个观点的进一步解释。An example they have presented is that 一个例子。（According to a survey performed by X on a group of Y, almost 80% of them 赞成这个错误观点或者受到这个错误观点的影响）。

There might be some element of truth in these people’s belief.But if we consider it in depth, we will feel no reservation to conclude that 与错误观点相反的观点。There are a number of reasons behind my belief.(以下参照辩论文的议论文写法)。

三、社会问题（现象）式

A．一个社会问题或者现象。B． 产生的原因

C．对社会和我们生活的影响 D． 如何杜绝。（如果是问题的话）E． 前景的预测。

Nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious social/economic/environmental problem.(X has increasingly become a common concern of the public).According to a survey, 调查内容说明这种现象的情况（或者是一个例子）。There are a couple of reasons booming this problem/phenomenon.下面参照辩论式议论文的写法。

X has caused substantial impact on the society and our daily life, which has been articulated（表达）in the following aspects.参照辩论式议论文的写法。

A dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent X from bringing us more harm.参照辩论式议论文的写法。

Based on the above discussions, I can easily forecast that more and more people will ……..四． 图表式作文

It is obvious in the graph/table that the rate/number/amount of Y has undergone dramatic changes.It has gone up/grown/fallen/dropped considerably in recent years(as X varies).At the point of（接近）X1, Y reaches its peak value of …(多少).What is the reason for this change? Mainly there are …(多少)reasons behind the situation reflected in the graphic/table.First of all, …(第一个原因).More importantly, …(第二个原因).Most important of all, …(第三个原因).From the above discussions, we have enough reason to predict what will happen in the near future.The trend described in the graph/table will continue for quite a long time(if necessary measures are not taken括号里的使用于那些不太好的变化趋势).五． 辩论式议论文 模版1 Some people believe(argue, recognize, think)that 观点1.But other people take an opposite side.They firmly believe that 观点2.As for me, I agree to the former/latter idea.There are a dozen of reasons behind my belief.First of all, 论据1.More importantly, 论据2.Most important of all, 论据3.In summary, 总结观点.As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心.或From above, we can predict that 预测.模版2 People hold different views about X.Some people are of the opinion that 观点1, while others point out that 观点2.As far as I am concerned, the former/latter opinion holds more weight.For one thing, 论据1.For another, 论据2.Last but not the least, 论据3.To conclude, 总结观点.As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心.或From above, we can predict that 预测.模版3 There is no consensus 一致of opinions among people about X（争论的焦点）。Some people are of the view that 观点1，while others take an opposite side, firmly believing that 观点2。As far as I am concerned, the former/latter notion（观念）is preferable in many senses.The reasons are obvious.First of all, 论据1。Furthermore, 论据2。

Among all of the supporting evidences, one is the strongest.That is, 论据3。A natural conclusion from the above discussion is that总结观点。

As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心.或From above, we can predict that 预测

常用句型：

1． 表示原因

1）There are three reasons for this.2）The reasons for this are as follows.3）The reason for this is obvious.4）The reason for this is not far to seek.5）The reason for this is that．．．

6）We have good reason to believe that．．．

例：There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life.Firstly, people’s living standard has been greatly improved.Secondly, most

people are well paid, and they can afford what they need or like.Last but not least, more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life.注：如考生写第一个句子没有把握，可将其改写成两个句子。如：Great changes have taken place in our life.There are three reasons for this.这样写可以避免套用中的表达失误。2．表示好处

1）It has the following advantages.2）It does us a lot of good.3）It benefits us quite a lot.4）It is beneficial to us.5）It is of great benefit to us.例：Books are like friends．They can help us know the world better，and they can open our minds and widen our horizons．Therefore，reading extensively is of great benefit to us.3．表示坏处

1）It has more disadvantages than advantages.2）It does us much harm.3）It is harmful to us.例：However, everything divides into two.Television can also be harmful to us.It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching television.4．表示事实、现状

1）We cannot ignore the fact that．．．

2）No one can deny the fact that．．． 3）There is no denying the fact that．．．

4）This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in.5）However, that’s not the case.例：We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of pollution.To solve these problems，we can start by educating the public about the hazards of pollution.The government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner environment.5．表示比较

1）Compared with A, B．．．

2）I prefer to read rather than watch TV.3）There is a striking contrast between them.例：Compared with cars, bicycles have several advantages besides being affordable.Firstly, they do not consume natural resources of petrol.Secondly, they do not cause the pollution problem.Last but not least, they contribute to people’s health by giving them due physical exercise.6．表示数量

1）It has increased(decreased)from．．．to．．．

2）The population in this city has now increased(decreased)to 800, 000． 3）The output of July in this factory increased by 15％compared with that of January.例：With the improvement of the living standard，the proportion of people’s income spent on food has decreased while that spent on education has increased.再如：From the graph listed above，it can be seen that student use of computers has increased from an average of less than two hours per week in 1990 to 20 hours in 2000.Model Test 1 Should We Celebrate Western Festivals? Nowadays, Western festivals such as Christmas and Valentine’s Day are gaining increasing popularity in China, especially among college students.But whether we should celebrate these festivals has become a subject of heated discussion.Some believe celebrating Western festivals is a sign of globalization.They argue that China needs to take in various foreign cultures so as to blend into the modern world.And celebrating Western festivals is a good opportunity for the Chinese to know more about other cultures.However, others believe that the Western festivals threaten a kind of cultural aggression.Therefore, we should drive them out lest they should undermine our traditional culture.In my opinion, as college students, we should preserve the traditional Chinese culture as well as stay open to Western ones.Therefore, while laying emphasis on Chinese festivals, we could also absorb foreign elements.

第三篇：英语四级写作技巧

英语四级写作技巧

写作中阅卷人喜欢的句式有以下两种：一是插入语；二是倒装。

第一，插入语。

所谓插入语，英语中有两种形式。一种是有两个逗号之间引起的成分称之为插入语；第二种是有两个半破折号引起的成分称之为插入语。如下所示(黑体划线处)：

Jinan, the Spring City, is a famous tourist city.Other people may give us instrumental support—financial aid, material resources, and needed services—that reduces stress by helping us resolve and cope with our problems.插入语的作用主要有两个，一个是突出主语，比如说：He, who would like to play basketball, is a good student.第二个作用是解释说明，比如说：People, especially students, should work hard.第二，倒装

倒装是我们写作中需要用到的。虽然略显俗套，但是却是很能满足阅卷人的主观感受的。常用的倒装形式有以下几种：

Only + 时间状语

Only when all of us join in the efforts of eliminating cheating at all levels can we expect to have a cleaner society and a more beautiful future.Only + 介词词组

Only in this way can we master the writing skills step by step.否定词位于句首(hardly when;never;not only---,but also---;seldom)在我一生当中很难遇到这样的人

Seldom in my life have I met such a kind-hearted man.地点方位名词位于句首

In no other place in the world can one find such enthusiasm for applying for hosting the 2008 Olympic Games.第三，修辞

无论是汉语写作还是英语写作，修辞其实非常的重要。它是作者写作功底具体事例地展现。所谓修辞包括比喻、拟人、排比等等。英语写作中的修辞问题我已经专门写过一篇文章(见《英语写作几种修辞手法》)。这里仅举一个比喻例子，还是拿“重要的”来举例。当你用完词组之后，如果你用上下面比如句子，则文章就会显得神采飞扬，试比较：

The bicycle is important for us.The bicycle is of importance for us.The bicycle plays an important role in our life.The bicycle, environmental friendliness vehicle, plays an important role in our life.The bicycle is like the air, water, and sunshine and cannot be parted with a moment in our life.那么很明显，最后一个句子是我们最终拿到考场上去搏击高分的句子。

第四，平时要注意积累

很多考生为了写好作文也作了好多工作，课下也付出了很多，包括背诵大量的文章等等，但是提笔写作时候，仍不见的有所改观。问题在哪里呢？

我认为，很多考生虽然也背诵文章，但却只是死记硬背。如果合上书本让他复述，他们就会卡壳。就是茶壶里煮饺子，倒不出来。我们说背诵是个输入的过程，出的过程。我们真正需要的是把平时积累的随时随地用在我们的写作中。因此，我们在注重积累的同时，一定在平时练习的时候，把他们多家运用。只有多练多用，才能真正达到学以致用，才能真正提高写作水平。

英语四级作文写作技巧

英语四级考试作文的评分依据是：文章切题，条理清楚语言准确和字数符合要求，所谓切题就是要求考生紧扣文章大纲；条理则要求考生词汇、语法运用不出错误；四级作文的字数要求一般是不少于100字。要在30分钟的时间内，达到这些要求，没有一套行之有效的方法显然是不行的。在这里，我们为大家提供四级写作的一般技巧。

一、审题

1.审体裁（议论文，说明文，描述文）

审题就是要审作文的题材和体裁。因为什么样的体裁就会用什么样的题材去写。那么体裁包括那些呢？它包括议论文，说明文和描述文。从近些年看，四级作文不是单一的体裁，而是几种体裁的糅合体。例如：

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic “Trying to Be A Good University Student.” You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline(given in Chinese)below:

1)做合格大学生的必要性

2)做合格大学生的必备条件（可以从德智体方面谈）

3)我计划怎样做

很多人说这种类型的作文是议论文。这是片面的，因为，第一段要求写“…必要性”，则是议论文；第二段要求写“…必备条件”，则要求写说明文；第三段要求写“…这样做”，则要求写描述文。所以在大多数情形下，四级作文是三种体裁的糅合体。

2.确定相应的写作方法

我们审题的目的就是根据不同体裁确定不同的写作方法。通过审题，我们可

以看出四级作文大都是三段式。如上例第一段为议论体，第二段为说明体，第三段为描述体。而各种文体又有不同的写作方式：议论文：要有论点和论据，而且往往从正反两方面来论述。例如上面第一段的思路是：做合格大学生，会怎么样（这是从正面论述）；不能做合格的大学生，又会怎么样（从反面论述）；所以我们要做合格的大学生（结论）。说明文：可以从几方面来说明一个问题，可以从德智体三方面来说明合格大学生的必要性。描述文：以“人”为中心描述一个“做”的过程。与上两段相比，本段的主语多为人称代词，他要与第二段相呼应进行描述。

二、确定主题句

审完题后，接下来就是如何写的问题。第一步就是确定主题句，主题句既能保证你不跑题，又能帮助你制定写作思路。而写主题句最保险的方法就是直接翻译中文提纲，如上述之段主题句为：

It is very necessary to be a good university student.(议论体的主题句)

There are several respects of necessities to be a good university student.(说明体的主题句)

What I will do in the future is the following.(描述体的主题句)

三、组织段落

确定主题句后，接下来的工作就是展开论述。许多考生真正犯难的也是这一步。最基本的解决办法是扩大词汇量，丰富自己的语法存储。在写作时，语法和词汇都是最基本的。然而，组织段落的能力也是尤为重要的。行文时，不只是提供一些information,还要学会运用一些examples, personal experiences, comparisons, descriptions等等，只有这样，才不会觉得无话可“写”。

四、连贯与衔接

1.列举法

列举的模式通常是

主题句

----example 1

----example 2

----example 3

列举时常用for example, for instance, such as, like, thus, take…as an example, to illustrate 等词语.Nonverbal communication, or “body language，” is communication by facial expressions, head or eye movements, hand signals, and body postures.It can be just as important to understanding as words are.Misunderstandings are often amusing but sometimes serious ones can arise between people from different culture if they misinterpret nonverbal signals.Take for example, the differences in meaning of gesture are very common in the United States: a circle made with the thumb and index finger.To an American, it means that everything is Ok.To a Japanese, it means that you are talking about money.In France, it means that something is worthless, and in Greece, it is an obscene gesture.Therefore, an American could unknowingly offend a Greek by using that particular hand signal.2.分类法

一般是在主题句之后，依次罗列段落指示词所表达的几个部分或几个方面。然后，选用丰富的事例对所罗列的各个部分或各个方面进行具体地说明或解释。There are three basic kinds of materials that can be found in any good library.First, there are books on all subjects, both in English and in many other languages.These books are organized according to subject, title, and author in a central file canned the card catalog.Books can generally be checked out of the library and taken home for a period of two to four weeks.Second, there are reference works, which include encyclopedias, dictionaries, bibliography, atlases, etc., and which generally must be used in the library itself.Third, there are periodicals-magazines, newspapers, pamphlets-which are filed alphabetically in racks, or which have been filmed to conserve space.Like reference works, periodicals cannot usually be removed from the library.分类时常用：most of all，next，moreover，in addition，besides，furthermore，to begin with，to start with，first of all，first，second，third…

3.因果关系

在段落一开头，就用主题句点明其因果关系，然后选用有关材料，客观的罗列某些原因或结果，以阐述中心思想。

Growing numbers of well-to-do Americans are making the decision to move abroad.They find it impossible in America to walk the streets at night without fear of being raped, mugged, or murdered, nor do they see a way to escape the poisonous air of the cities.They maintain that even American food has become increasingly dangerous to eat.Last but not least, they insist that they are sick of the pace of American life, a pace that leaves no time for relaxation or pleasure.因果关系常用语汇: because of, so, owing to, thanks to, thus, as a result of, hence, for this reason, consequently, is caused by, lead to, result in

4．比较法

主题句必须明确表明所要比较的对象和所要比较的范围，实际上就是罗列两个或两个以上比较对象的相同点。

Learning English is like building a house.Laying a solid foundation is the first and most important step.In other words, you should read and speak English every day.Memorizing new words and phrases is also helpful.Like building a house, learning English takes some time.So don’t be impatient.Remember, Rome wasn’t built in a day.常用语汇：at the same time, similar to, accordingly, both, show a degree of similarity, similarly, the same as, and… too, in the same way, in a like manner

5．举例法

列举事实或举出实例来说明中心思想, 是简单易行、具有说服力的写作方法。

Communicating with other people by telephone is very convenient, especially when you have something urgent.For example, if one of your family members is

seriously ill at night, and you don’t know how to deal with it and where to find a doctor, what can you do? A telephone is the answer.Dial 120 and you will get services from the hospital very soon.

第四篇：四级英语作文写作技巧

四级英语写作部分典范收集:

用于开头:

1.＊(应用于分析型作文)With the development of society at the improvement of people’s

living standard , we（亮点短语）….2.＊(应用于分析型作文)Nowadays , one phenomenon calls for people’s attention….(开门见

山提出现象)

3.With the growing trend of….日益增强的趋势

用于正文：

1.Not only..but also;Furtherermore(此词表达更进一步).2.＊(万能句)There is a growing concern over the matter among the general public.3.＊(分优缺点时可用)

The advantages are innumberable.In the first place,…..In the second place,….Undoubtedly,….one of which…(of which介词+关系引出定语从句)

【e.g】Undoubtedly, these recreational activities can also cause problems, one of which is the heavy addiction of adolescents to computer games their school word.4.some.Others.and still others.列举三种选择.5.People in increasing numbers….What’ more …(此结构为引出争议双方观点的经典结构).6.First of all … Moreover …Last..7.(用于论说文)Opinion on…Vary from individual to individual.[引出人们所持的相对观点] …

Proponents（支持者）consider…..On the other hand….Opponents（反对者）argue that..[e.g] Opinion on whether university campuses should be open to tourist vary from individual to individual.Proponents consider it benificial to both the university and the tourist.…On the other hand, young children.….Opponents argue that the inflow of tourist may be a disturbance to normal teaching activities.8.（用于论说文）Every advantage has its disadvantage.In my viewpoint….9.(应用于分析型作文)Firstly , secondly, Last but not last.10.Firstly…., Besides..(体现段落论述层次.)

11.As far as I am concerned , …Firstly..Beside..用于结尾:

1.Why don’t we appland(引申指“赞许”)the wise decision?

2.As a university student…., surely..3.＊Everything has both positive and begative aspects, and ….of no exception(也不例外).4.Every advantage has its disadvantage.In my viewpoint….5.In a word , ….6.Only in this way , can…(Only 引导的倒装句增添亮点)

7.More significantly..[e.g] Aging is a natural process, an we’ll be old one day.Taking good care of our seniors means tajing care of ourselves.More sinificantly, how well the elderly are respected and

attended…

第五篇：大学英语四级写作技巧简介

大学英语四级写作技巧简介

之一——文章结构

英文写作一直是学生们的弱项，四级考试将近，大家都很担心写作问题，在此我先简单介绍一下文章的结构问题，以后再谈其他方面。

四级写作一般以三段式展开，题目要求中通常包含三个要点，每个要点为一段（记住，一定要分段），第一段提出问题，第二段分析问题，第三段解决问题。

以历年的真题为例，2006年12月的题目为Spring Festival Gala on CCTV，要求：1。许多人喜欢看春节晚会；2。但有些人提出取消春节晚会；3。我的看法。“喜欢看春节晚会”是正常现象，应该作为问题的开端进行简短介绍，“有些人提出取消春节晚会”才是重点，必须给出相应的篇幅做详细阐述。最后表明我的观点，其实就是问作者的态度及解决这个矛盾的方法。又如2006年6月的题目：An Announcement for a Voluntary Program, 要求：1。校学生会组织一次暑假志愿活动现招募志愿者；2。本次志愿活动的目的、内容及安排；3。报名条件和联系方式。这仍是三段式的结构，第一段提出问题——告之大家会举办一次暑假志愿活动，第二段描述问题——介绍志愿活动的相关信息，第三段解决问题——怎样加入志愿活动（报名信息）。往年还考过写简历，写演讲稿，论述社会现象等题目，总是跳不出三段式，因此学生们必须掌握如何写三段式作文。

总的来说有三点要注意：1。开篇就得点题。文章字数有限，必须采取开门见山的方法，但开篇点题并不是说第一段第一句话就得提出问题，在这之前可以有所修饰，有导入的成分，但不要太长，一般第三句就得清楚、突出地把问题点出来。2。中间段阐述必须清楚。中间段是全文的核心部分，要做到阐述清楚，论证充分，要有一致性、连贯性和条理性。一般由主题句和扩展句组成，主题句是观点的高度浓缩，应该言简意赅；扩展句是对主题句的详细阐述，应该做到理由充分，内容一致。3。结尾段进行总结，并提出解决问题的方法。最后的总结在观点上可以重申但不可以重复，另外结尾一定要有所升华，不能仍停留在对问题的描述上，既然存在问题，就必须想办法解决。

至于如何开端、如何论述、如何结尾的问题，大家敬请期待下一回吧！当然我不会让大家久等的:)写作能力无法一口气提高，大家必须在平时勤修苦练。

之二——突出主题

Well begun is a half done，如何开头是值得注意的问题，它能确定你的文章给人留下的first impression。中国人喜欢先讲道理最后给出结论，而西方人习惯先下定义，再慢慢解释。按照西方人的思维方式，我们在写文章开头的时候就得突出主题，不拐弯抹角。

常见的开头的写作方法大致有下面几种： 1。引述名言谚语

eg: “You have to believe in yourself.That's the secret of success.” Charles Chaplin ever said.In my opinion, self-confidence is the first element on the way to your goal.As the old saying goes:“Knowledge is power.” The main way for us students to gain knowledge is from the books.So some students argue that we should read extensively...It is well known to us all that “...”

2.对比，比较

eg: Some people say..., while others claim that...Some people believe..., but others argue that...Old people often feel that..., but for the young, it is....3.提出一个问题

eg： What constitutes enough information for the decision-maker? It's impossible to put a number on it, but...Should the Spring Festival Gala be cancelled ? Different people have different answers.Misunderstanding is inevitable in communications.If such misfortuns occurs, what is your response? Here are some tips for you to treat it in a proper way.4。数据引证（一般用在看图作文中）

eg: As we can see in the charts(柱状图，圆形百分比图)，the number of Chinese people who go abroad has increased greatly between 1992 and 2002.As is clearly shown in the charts, there is an increasing number of people who own a car during the recent three years.The figures in this graph（曲线图）show us that...According to the graph, we can find that...It can be seen from the table（图表，表格）that...5.陈述现状

eg: With the rapid development of..., the interview is becoming more and more important in job-hunting.Because of the development of..., great changes have occured in the educational system of China.Nowadays mobilphone is very popular with college students.(很受学生欢迎)In recent years cheating in CET4 still prevails among the college students.（近几年里四级考试舞弊现象在大学生中仍然很普遍。）

It is well-accepted that nowadays dishonesty is a common phenomenon in society.(人们都意识到现今社会中普遍存在不诚实的现象)There is a heated debate over private car.Nowadays private car aroused a lot of controversy.偏离主题是写作中的大忌讳，它意味着考生做了30分钟的白工。为了避免这个问题我们一定要仔细省题，弄清楚考题要求是写议论文、说明文还是记叙文，然后确定文章主题和大致思路。

之三——主题句和扩展句

在明确了题目要求、确定立意后，应该根据题意构思出文章的框架结构。其中写好主题句是最关键的步骤。论述的段落包含多个主题句。主题句（topic sentence）反映段落的中心思想，体现文章的整体结构，让读者对作者的思路一目了然。要写好主题句必须注意以下几个方面：

1。主题句必须是个完整的句子，与文章主旨密切相关。

2。主题句一般是general sentence，内容明确、具体。

3。主题句内涵要广，便于展开细节论述。

比如，写一篇论述计算器的文章，主题思想是反映计算器能帮助人们快速解决算术问题，但过分依赖计算器会对人脑有不良影响。那么主题句应该要紧扣计算器的使用利弊这个方面，eg: Calculators can obveousely benefit us.However, overusing calculators will also do some harm to us.如果句子不够具体明确，段落的主题便模糊不清，在进一步阐述时会失去方向感。如：To improve English proficiency, one needs to acquire some skills.这句话中的some skills太泛，读者弄不清到底是哪方面的技能技巧。改成：To improve reading ability, one needs to acquire some reading skills.这样含义清楚，范围明确，便于细节描述。

而如果句子涉及的面太窄，不够general，没有进一步讨论的余地，这样的句子就不适合作主题句。如：Today more and more women are going out to work.这句话含义非常清楚，没有进行详细阐述的必要，所以它本身只能是细节句，用来解释主题句。

主题句确定后，必须有足够的细节去支持主题句所提出的观点，给出充分、有力的论证。这就是扩展句的任务。扩展句是段落的主干部分，是对主题句的中心思想的详细解释，它的特点是：1。清晰详实；2。条理分明；3。内容一致。如：主题句为：Cellphone is one of the most popular means of communication.那么接下来的扩展句应该要紧跟这个中心意思，有条理地进行阐述：（扩展句1）People make use of it to make an appointment, take a message for others, discuss a question and so on.（扩展句2）People even use it to have a meeting or give a notice.这两句话都说明了手机的社交功能，而且以递进的顺序排列，让读者更好地理解主题句的含义，具有说服力。

之四——段落的展开

主题句与扩展句构成段落，那么文章段落有什么样的特点呢？

1。段落一致性。

在一个段落就只有一个主题句，就是说一个段落就只能有一个中心思想，一个核心，段落中所有其他句子都要围绕这个中心展开或铺述，一切与主题句没有 直接关系的句子都要舍弃掉。如：However, fake commodities are extremely harmful to consumers as well as to the whole society.First of all, fake commodities may cause losses to consumers.Meanwhile, fake commodities may harm people's health, sometimes even lives.And in the 1998 fatal alcohol poisoning case in Shanxi Province, for example, a peasant produced “alcohol”, dreaming of becoming rich overnight;which, with 27 people killed and about 700 poisoned, caused great sufferings to the victims and shocked the whole country as well.Therefore, it is really high time we took action to crack down on the production and sale of fake commodities.第一句显然是主题句，其后作者用了三个扩展句进行说明，每句话都与主题句密切相关，最后的结尾句对整段论述做了升华。所以这一段落是符合一致性原则的。

2。段落连贯性

一个好段落在具体语言上和内容上要有连贯性，段落中的句子要符合一定的条理和逻辑顺序，句与句之间衔接要紧密，过度要自然、流畅，这样才能反映出一个清晰的思路。如：It is known to us all that modern transportation plays an important role in our life.In the past people used to suffer a great deal if they had to make a long journey or convey some heavy goods, the fact is that the transport means at that time was simple and rare.Today, various vehicles, ships and airplanes have enabled us to go wherever we like to.Not only does modern transportation bring people much convenience, but is also frees people from the hard work of conveyance.What is more important is that modern transportaion has saved much of our time so that we can do more work and learn more knowledge.第一句话点明主题，然后通过古今对比展开论述，按时间顺序排列，条理清楚，语句连贯自然。

按逻辑顺序安排细节是使段落连贯的方法之一，常用的顺序有四种：时间顺序、空间顺序、演绎法和归纳法。演绎法是先通过主题句给出一般的总体的观点，然后给出扩展句摆具体的事实，体现了一般到具体的顺序；归纳法是先给具体事实和细节，再概括总结出其中道理、规律，体现了具体到一般的顺序。

使段落连贯的方法之二是使用适当的连接手段，一般是指关联词的使用。这个问题我下次再详许述。

之五——段落的连贯性

在确定好一条条的扩展句后，怎样把这些句子流畅而连贯地组合在一起呢？这便是关联词发挥作用的时候了。在英语中，句与句之间、段与段之间一般都有连词或关联词连接，通过这些词读者能够很清楚地明白文章前后的逻辑联系。适当使用关联词是四级写作必备的技能，大家应该要引起特别重视。常用的关联词分为四类：

1。列举类

列举法常用在议论文中，当作者提出一个论点后，可通过列举出一系列事实对其进行说明或论证。列举类关联词有：

first(ly), second(ly),...finally;for one thing, for another;on the one hand, on the other hand;moreover;furthermore;what's more;in addition;besides;first of all;in the first place, in the second place;(at)last;then;next;the last but not the least 2。举例类

举例法是用事例或数据对中心观点进行说明论证的方法，举例类关联词有： for example;for instance;such as;like;take...for example;a case in point;namely;in other words;that is;especially;in particular 3。比较和对比

比较是把两种或两种以上的事物进行比较，以辨别出它们的相似之处；对比是将这些事物进行对照，辨别其差异而指出各自的特征和本质。这类关联词有：

but;however;yet;otherwise;while;in contrast;by contrast;on the contrary;similarly;likewise;like;conversely;rather than;instead;on the other hand;equally;nevertheless;nonetheless;unlike;still;in the same way;compared with...4.因果类

as a result;since;because(of);thanks to;due to;owing to;for this reason;hence;thus;therefore;on this/that account;on account of;consequently 5.总结类

总结法是指在表达了一个观点或举了一个例子后，进行总结、给出概括，这类关联词有：

in this case;according to;in a word;in brief;in short;to sum up

之六——四级写作万能句型

1）第一段：

（1）现状说明：“用于文章开头的语句”

1.When asked about.../ When it comes to.../ Faced with...most/many people believe that..., but other people consider it differently/ regard it as...2.When it comes to..., people's opinions differ.Some hold the opinion that..., while others claim that...3.There is no consensus of opinions among people as to the role/ view/ idea of....Some people claim that..., while others believe that....4.There is a general discussion today about the problem/ issue of....Those who criticize...argue that....They believe that...But people who advocate..., on the other hand, argue that....5.Most people are of the opinion that....But I personally believe that....6.Now people in growing numbers are beginning to realize that....7.Now, it is generally acknowledged that..., but I doubt whether....（2)图表描述：“用于描写图片或数据的语句” 1.In 1990, it increased/decreased from...to...2.By comparison with 1998, it decreased/increased by 3.The figure has nearly doubled, compared with/ as against that of last year.4.It has increased/ decreased almost twice/ six times, compared with...5.The number is twice/ four times/ half as much as that of 1990.6.It accounts for/ takes up...percent of the total.(占……的比例)7.The number was more than/ less than..., a half/ third/ quater of the 1990 total.2）第二段：

（1）原因列举：“用于解释原因的语句”

1.The phenomenon/change in...mainly result from the fact that...2.One may regard the phenomenon as a...sign of.../ response to...3.There are many causes/ reasons for this dramatic growth/decrease.First,...Second,...Finally,...4.A number of factors can account for the change in...5.Another contributory factor of...is...6.Why do people...? For one thing,...for another,.../ One reason is...Another is...Perhaps the primary reason is....7....is also responsible for the rise/ decrease in...（2）观点陈述：“用于比较、驳斥的语句” I．用于比较的语句

1.The advantages of A outweigh any benefit we gain from B.2.Good as A is, it has its own disadvantages.For one thing, it...;for another, it....3.Although A has enormous/ much/ considerable/ a distinct advantage over B..., it can not compete with B in...4.A's advantage sounds ridiculous/ means nothing when B's advantages are considered.6 II．用于驳斥的语句

1.Although a lot of people believe that..., I doubt/ wonder whether the argument bears much analysis/ close examination 2.As opposed to widely held ideas, I believe/ think/ argue that...3.Although the popular belief/ idea is that...,(a)current study/ survey indicates that...4.They may be right about..., but they seem to neglect/ fail to mention/ consider the fact that...5.Although it is widely accepted that..., it is unlikely to be true that...6.It is true that..., but this is not to say/ it doesn't mean that...7.There is/are absolutely no/ in fact every reason(s)for us to believe/ accept/ resist/ reject that...8.What these people fail to understand/ consider/ mention is that...9.You/ One may think/ argue/ say that....It probably will.But...10.It is one thing to believe that..., but it is quite another to say that...3）第三段：

结束语：“用于文章结尾的语句”

1.From what has been discussed above/ Taking into account all these features/ Judging from all evidence offered, we may safely draw the conclusion that....2.All the evidence supports an unshakable conclusion that....3.It is(high)time that we placed great emphasis on....4.It is(high)time we put an end to the undesirable phenomenon of....5.There is little doubt/ no denying that further attention must be paid to the problem of....6.It is necessary that effective actions should be taken to prevent the situation.